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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physical activity benefits executive control, but the mechanism through which this benefit occurs is unclear. Sleep is a candidate mechanism given that it improves with exercise and has restorative effects on the prefrontal cortex. The present cross-sectional study examined the mediating role of sleep in the relationship between physical activity and executive control in young and older adults. PARTICIPANTS Young (n = 59) and older (n = 53) community-dwelling adults ages 21-30 and 55-80. METHODS Participants wore an accelerometer for one week to assess sleep efficiency, total sleep time, and physical activity, operationalized as metabolic equivalent of task (METs) during time spent awake. Cognition was assessed in the laboratory across multiple measures of executive control, memory recall, and processing speed. Mediation analyses tested the role of sleep efficiency in the cross-sectional relationship between METs and cognitive performance accounting for age, sex, and education. RESULTS METs were significantly associated with performance before, but not after accounting for covariates. METs were associated with sleep efficiency but not total sleep time. Sleep efficiency, but not total sleep time, mediated the relationship between METs and working memory, switching, verbal ability and fluency, and recall. Age group did not moderate the mediating role of sleep efficiency in the relationship between METs and performance. CONCLUSION Sleep efficiency is one pathway by which physical activity may be associated with executive control across young and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine A Wilckens
- a Department of Psychiatry , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- b Department of Psychology , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania
| | - Mark E Wheeler
- c School of Psychology , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia
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Best JR, Falck RS, Landry GJ, Liu-Ambrose T. Analysis of dynamic, bidirectional associations in older adult physical activity and sleep quality. J Sleep Res 2018; 28:e12769. [PMID: 30198153 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sleep quality and physical activity (PA) appear to be interrelated; thus, by promoting one behaviour, it may be possible to improve the other in older adults. Examination of the within-person day-to-day variation in PA and sleep quality could potentially elucidate the directionality of the association of these behaviours. We measured sleep quality (i.e. fragmentation, efficiency, duration and latency) and moderate-to-vigorous PA using the MotionWatch8© over 14 consecutive days and nights in community-dwelling adults (n = 152; age range 53-101 years). Multilevel modelling estimated within-subject autoregressive and cross-lagged effects and between-subject associations between PA and sleep quality. On days when individuals engaged in a high amount of PA on one day (relative to their averages), they were more likely to engage in a high amount of PA on the next day (estimate, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.14, 0.24). Nights in which individuals had a long sleep latency were followed by nights in which they also had a long sleep latency (estimate, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.03, 0.14). In contrast, nights in which individuals slept for a long period of time were followed by nights in which they slept relatively less than their averages (estimate, -0.09; 95% CI, -0.13, -0.04). When individuals engaged in a large amount of PA during the day, they tended to sleep longer that following night (estimate, 0.01; 95% CI, 0.001, 0.02). All other associations between PA and sleep quality were not significant. Increasing PA therefore might increase sleep duration in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Best
- Faculty of Medicine, Aging, Mobility and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ryan S Falck
- Faculty of Medicine, Aging, Mobility and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Glenn J Landry
- Faculty of Medicine, Aging, Mobility and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Teresa Liu-Ambrose
- Faculty of Medicine, Aging, Mobility and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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53
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Stoner L, Rowlands D, Morrison A, Credeur D, Hamlin M, Gaffney K, Lambrick D, Matheson A. Efficacy of Exercise Intervention for Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Adolescents: Meta-Analysis and Implications. Sports Med 2018; 46:1737-1751. [PMID: 27139723 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-016-0537-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global rise in obesity prevalence among children and adolescents has been linked to modifiable lifestyle factors, including lack of physical activity. However, no known meta-analysis has been conducted on the effects of exercise intervention on body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adolescents. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to (1) estimate whether exercise intervention meaningfully improves body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adolescents; and (2) discuss the implications of the findings in terms of primary healthcare provision and public health policy, using New Zealand as an exemplar context. DATA SOURCES Electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, Google Scholar) from inception to May 2015. The reference lists of eligible articles and relevant reviews were also checked. STUDY SELECTION Inclusion criteria were (1) randomized controlled trial; (2) structured exercise intervention, alone or combined with any other kind of intervention; (3) control group received no structured exercise or behavioural modification designed to increase physical activity; (4) participants overweight or obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥85th percentile); and (5) participants aged between 10 and 19 years. APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS Initially, 1667 articles were identified. After evaluation of study characteristics, quality and validity, data from 13 articles (15 trials) involving 556 participants (176 male, 193 female, 187 unknown) were extracted for meta-analysis. Meta-analyses were completed on five body composition parameters and ten cardiometabolic parameters. Effect sizes (ESs) were calculated as mean differences, as well as standardized mean differences in order to determine effect magnitude. RESULTS Exercise intervention reduced BMI (mean 2.0 kg/m2, 95 % CI 1.5-2.5; ES moderate), body weight (mean 3.7 kg, 95 % CI 1.7-5.8; ES small), body fat percentage (3.1 %, 95 % CI 2.2-4.1; ES small), waist circumference (3.0 cm, 95 % CI 1.3-4.8; ES small), but the increase (improvement) in lean mass was trivial (mean 1.6 kg, 95 % CI 0.5-2.6). The response to an oral glucose tolerance test following exercise intervention was for a decrease in the area under the curve for insulin (mean 162 μU/μl, 95 % CI 93-231; ES large) and blood glucose (mean 39 mg/dl, 95 % CI 9.4-69; ES moderate). Improvements in the homeostatic model assessment were also noted (mean 1.0, 95 % CI 0.7-1.4; ES moderate) and systolic blood pressure (mean 7.1 mmHg, 95 % CI 3.5-10.7; ES moderate). The effects of exercise on total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting insulin and fasting blood glucose were inconclusive. LIMITATIONS Most of the included trials were short term (6-36 weeks) and 13 had methodological limitations. Additionally, the meta-analyses for some of the secondary outcomes had a small number of participants or substantial statistical heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS The current evidence suggests that exercise intervention in overweight and obese adolescents improves body composition, particularly by lowering body fat. The limited available evidence further indicates that exercise intervention may improve some cardiometabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Stoner
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, PO Box 756, Wellington, New Zealand. .,School of Sport and Exercise, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - David Rowlands
- School of Sport and Exercise, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ariel Morrison
- School of Public Health, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Daniel Credeur
- School of Human Performance and Recreation, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Michael Hamlin
- Department of Tourism, Sport and Society, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Kim Gaffney
- School of Sport and Exercise, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Anna Matheson
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, PO Box 756, Wellington, New Zealand
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54
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Bouwmans MEJ, Oude Oosterik NAM, Bos EH, de Groot IW, Oldehinkel AJ, de Jonge P. The Temporal Order of Changes in Physical Activity and Subjective Sleep in Depressed Versus Nondepressed Individuals: Findings From the MOOVD Study. Behav Sleep Med 2018; 16:154-168. [PMID: 27254292 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2016.1180521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown an association between physical activity and sleep, but it is unclear what the temporal order of this association is and whether it differs for depressed patients and healthy controls. Using a multiple repeated observations design, 27 depressed and 27 pair-matched nondepressed participants completed daily measurements of subjective sleep quality and duration during 30 consecutive days while an accelerometer continuously registered their physical activity. Changes in sleep duration, not quality, predicted next-day changes in physical activity (B = -0.21, p < .001), but not the other way around. Significant heterogeneity between individuals was observed, but the effect was not different for depressed and nondepressed participants. The findings underline the strength of a multiple repeated observations design in observational sleep research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara E J Bouwmans
- a Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation , University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | | | - Elisabeth H Bos
- a Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation , University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Izaäk W de Groot
- b Dimence Mental Health Care Centre , Deventer , The Netherlands
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- a Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation , University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Peter de Jonge
- a Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation , University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
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55
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Effects of combined and resistance training on the inflammatory profile in breast cancer survivors: A systematic review. Complement Ther Med 2018; 36:73-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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56
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Zhu B, Quinn L, Fritschi C. Relationship and variation of diabetes related symptoms, sleep disturbance and sleep-related impairment in adults with type 2 diabetes. J Adv Nurs 2017; 74:689-697. [DOI: 10.1111/jan.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingqian Zhu
- College of Nursing; the University of Illinois at Chicago; Chicago IL USA
| | - Laurie Quinn
- College of Nursing; the University of Illinois at Chicago; Chicago IL USA
| | - Cynthia Fritschi
- College of Nursing; the University of Illinois at Chicago; Chicago IL USA
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57
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Vincent GE, Jay SM, Sargent C, Vandelanotte C, Ridgers ND, Ferguson SA. Improving Cardiometabolic Health with Diet, Physical Activity, and Breaking Up Sitting: What about Sleep? Front Physiol 2017; 8:865. [PMID: 29167645 PMCID: PMC5682337 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic disease poses a serious health and economic burden worldwide and its prevalence is predicted to increase. Prolonged sitting, lack of physical activity, poor diet, and short sleep duration are ubiquitous behaviors in modern society, and all are independent risk factors in the development of cardiometabolic disease. Existing evidence demonstrates that breaking up prolonged periods of sitting is beneficial for cardiometabolic health, however, studies have not controlled for prior sleep duration. This article examines how prolonged sitting and short sleep duration independently contribute to cardiometabolic risk, and how breaking up sitting and obtaining adequate sleep may reduce this risk. We suggest that as prolonged sitting and short sleep duration influence the same cardiometabolic parameters, there is potential for short sleep to attenuate the positive impact of breaking up prolonged sitting with physical activity. Likewise, breaking up prolonged sitting and obtaining adequate sleep together could improve predictors of cardiometabolic disease, i.e., the combined effect may be stronger than either alone. To explore these perspectives, we propose a research agenda to investigate the relationship between breaking up prolonged sitting with physical activity and short sleep duration. This will provide an evidence-base for informing the design of interventions to reduce the burden of cardiometabolic disease on communities worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E. Vincent
- Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Sarah M. Jay
- Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Charli Sargent
- Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Corneel Vandelanotte
- Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicola D. Ridgers
- Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Sally A. Ferguson
- Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
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58
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Murray K, Godbole S, Natarajan L, Full K, Hipp JA, Glanz K, Mitchell J, Laden F, James P, Quante M, Kerr J. The relations between sleep, time of physical activity, and time outdoors among adult women. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182013. [PMID: 28877192 PMCID: PMC5587264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity and time spent outdoors may be important non-pharmacological approaches to improve sleep quality and duration (or sleep patterns) but there is little empirical research evaluating the two simultaneously. The current study assesses the role of physical activity and time outdoors in predicting sleep health by using objective measurement of the three variables. A convenience sample of 360 adult women (mean age = 55.38 ±9.89 years; mean body mass index = 27.74 ±6.12) was recruited from different regions of the U.S. Participants wore a Global Positioning System device and ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers on the hip for 7 days and on the wrist for 7 days and 7 nights to assess total time and time of day spent outdoors, total minutes in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day, and 4 measures of sleep health, respectively. A generalized mixed-effects model was used to assess temporal associations between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, outdoor time, and sleep at the daily level (days = 1931) within individuals. There was a significant interaction (p = 0.04) between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and time spent outdoors in predicting total sleep time but not for predicting sleep efficiency. Increasing time outdoors in the afternoon (versus morning) predicted lower sleep efficiency, but had no effect on total sleep time. Time spent outdoors and the time of day spent outdoors may be important moderators in assessing the relation between physical activity and sleep. More research is needed in larger populations using experimental designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Murray
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Suneeta Godbole
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Loki Natarajan
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kelsie Full
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - J. Aaron Hipp
- Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Geospatial Analytics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Karen Glanz
- Perelman School of Medicine and School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Mitchell
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Francine Laden
- Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Peter James
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse (CoRAL), Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mirja Quante
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Kerr
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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59
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Fanning J, Porter G, Awick EA, Ehlers DK, Roberts SA, Cooke G, Burzynska AZ, Voss MW, Kramer AF, McAuley E. Replacing sedentary time with sleep, light, or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity: effects on self-regulation and executive functioning. J Behav Med 2017; 40:332-342. [PMID: 27586134 PMCID: PMC5332375 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-016-9788-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent attention has highlighted the importance of reducing sedentary time for maintaining health and quality of life. However, it is unclear how changing sedentary behavior may influence executive functions and self-regulatory strategy use, which are vital for the long-term maintenance of a health behavior regimen. The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to examine the estimated self-regulatory and executive functioning effects of substituting 30 min of sedentary behavior with 30 min of light activity, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), or sleep in a sample of older adults. This study reports baseline data collected from low-active healthy older adults (N = 247, mean age 65.4 ± 4.6 years) recruited to participate in a 6 month randomized controlled exercise trial examining the effects of various modes of exercise on brain health and function. Each participant completed assessments of physical activity self-regulatory strategy use (i.e., self-monitoring, goal-setting, social support, reinforcement, time management, and relapse prevention) and executive functioning. Physical activity and sedentary behaviors were measured using accelerometers during waking hours for seven consecutive days at each time point. Isotemporal substitution analyses were conducted to examine the effect on self-regulation and executive functioning should an individual substitute sedentary time with light activity, MVPA, or sleep. The substitution of sedentary time with both sleep and MVPA influenced both self-regulatory strategy use and executive functioning. Sleep was associated with greater self-monitoring (B = .23, p = .02), goal-setting (B = .32, p < .01), and social support (B = .18, p = .01) behaviors. Substitution of sedentary time with MVPA was associated with higher accuracy on 2-item (B = .03, p = .01) and 3-item (B = .02, p = .04) spatial working memory tasks, and with faster reaction times on single (B = -23.12, p = .03) and mixed-repeated task-switching blocks (B = -27.06, p = .04). Substitution of sedentary time with sleep was associated with marginally faster reaction time on mixed-repeated task-switching blocks (B = -12.20, p = .07) and faster reaction time on mixed-switch blocks (B = 17.21, p = .05), as well as reduced global reaction time switch cost (B = -16.86, p = .01). Substitution for light intensity physical activity did not produce significant effects. By replacing sedentary time with sleep and MVPA, individuals may bolster several important domains of self-regulatory behavior and executive functioning. This has important implications for the design of long-lasting health behavior interventions. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT00438347.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fanning
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 906 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - G Porter
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 906 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - E A Awick
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 906 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - D K Ehlers
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 906 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - S A Roberts
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 906 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - G Cooke
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology at the University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - A Z Burzynska
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - M W Voss
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, The University of Iowa, 11 Seashore Hall E., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - A F Kramer
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology at the University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - E McAuley
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 906 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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60
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Zheng B, Yu C, Lin L, Du H, Lv J, Guo Y, Bian Z, Chen Y, Yu M, Li J, Chen J, Chen Z, Li L. Associations of domain-specific physical activities with insomnia symptoms among 0.5 million Chinese adults. J Sleep Res 2017; 26:330-337. [PMID: 28230295 PMCID: PMC5574014 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the association between physical activity and sleep quality. However, there is little evidence regarding different domains of physical activity. This study aimed to examine the associations between domain‐specific physical activities and insomnia symptoms among Chinese men and women. Data of 452 024 Chinese adults aged 30–79 years from the China Kadoorie Biobank Study were analysed. Insomnia symptoms were assessed with self‐reported difficulties in initiating or maintaining sleep, early morning awakening, daytime dysfunction and any insomnia symptoms. Physical activity assessed by questionnaire consisted of four domains, including occupational, commuting‐related, household and leisure‐time activities. Gender‐specific multiple logistic regression models were employed to estimate independent associations of overall and domain‐specific physical activities with insomnia symptoms. Overall, 12.9% of men and 17.8% of women participants reported having insomnia symptoms. After adjustment for potential confounders, a moderate to high level of overall activity was associated with reduced risks of difficulties in initiating or maintaining sleep and daytime dysfunction in both sexes (odds ratios range: 0.87–0.94, P < 0.05). As to each domain of physical activity, similar associations were identified for occupational, household and leisure‐time activities in women but not men (odds ratios range: 0.84–0.94, P < 0.05). Commuting‐related activity, however, was associated with increased risks of difficulties in initiating or maintaining sleep and any insomnia symptoms in both sexes (odds ratios range: 1.07–1.17, P < 0.05). In conclusion, a moderate to high level of physical activity was associated with lower risks of insomnia symptoms among Chinese adults. However, such associations varied hugely in different domains of physical activity and with gender differences, which could help with better policy‐making and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Liling Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Huaidong Du
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Bian
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Min Yu
- Zhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention Administration Office, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- Pengzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Pengzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Junshi Chen
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Pettee Gabriel K, Sternfeld B, Shiroma EJ, Pérez A, Cheung J, Lee IM. Bidirectional associations of accelerometer-determined sedentary behavior and physical activity with reported time in bed: Women's Health Study. Sleep Health 2017; 3:49-55. [PMID: 28346151 PMCID: PMC5373487 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the day-to-day, bidirectional associations of accelerometer-derived sedentary behavior and physical activity (PA) with reported time in bed in a large cohort of older women. METHODS Data are from 10086 Women's Health Study participants (aged 71.6 years; SD, 5.7) who agreed to wear an accelerometer and complete a diary for 7 consecutive days. Generalized linear (multilevel) models with repeated measures were used to examine the adjusted associations of the following: (1) reported time in bed with next-day accelerometer-determined counts and time spent sedentary and in light- and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA) and (2) accelerometer estimates with reported time in bed that night, expressed as short (<7 hours), optimal (7-9 hours), and long (>9 hours) sleep. RESULTS Across days, short sleep was associated with an average of 5500 (SE, 1352) higher accelerometer counts the following day but was also related to higher average sedentary (46.5 [SE, 1.5] minutes) and light-intensity PA (11.9 [SE, 1.2] minutes) than optimal sleep (all P<.001). Long sleep was associated with lower accelerometer counts, time spent sedentary and in light-intensity PA, and a reduced likelihood of engaging in ≥20 minutes of MVPA (all P<.001) than optimal sleep. Higher PA during the day (higher accelerometer counts and ≥20 minutes of accumulated MVPA) was associated with a reduced likelihood of reporting short or long sleep that night (all P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Findings support the bidirectional associations of accelerometer-determined sedentary behavior and PA with reported time in bed in older women. Future studies are needed to confirm findings with sleep actigraphy in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley Pettee Gabriel
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, School of Public Health-Austin Campus, Austin, TX 78701.
| | - Barbara Sternfeld
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA 94612
| | - Eric J Shiroma
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Adriana Pérez
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, School of Public Health-Austin Campus, Austin, TX 78701
| | - Joseph Cheung
- Stanford Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University; Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - I-Min Lee
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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62
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Aburub A, Khalil H, Al-Sharman A, Alomari M, Khabour O. The association between physical activity and sleep characteristics in people with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2017; 12:29-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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63
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Spina G, Spruit MA, Alison J, Benzo RP, Calverley PMA, Clarenbach CF, Costello RW, Donaire-Gonzalez D, Dürr S, Garcia-Aymerich J, van Gestel AJR, Gramm M, Hernandes NA, Hill K, Hopkinson NS, Jarreta D, Kohler M, Kirsten AM, Leuppi JD, Magnussen H, Maltais F, Man WDC, McKeough ZJ, Mesquita R, Miedinger D, Pitta F, Singh SJ, Smeenk FWJM, Tal-Singer R, Vagaggini B, Waschki B, Watz H, Wouters EFM, Zogg S, den Brinker AC. Analysis of nocturnal actigraphic sleep measures in patients with COPD and their association with daytime physical activity. Thorax 2017; 72:694-701. [PMID: 28082529 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-208900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disturbances are common in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with a considerable negative impact on their quality of life. However, factors associated with measures of sleep in daily life have not been investigated before nor has the association between sleep and the ability to engage in physical activity on a day-to-day basis been studied. AIMS To provide insight into the relationship between actigraphic sleep measures and disease severity, exertional dyspnoea, gender and parts of the week; and to investigate the association between sleep measures and next day physical activity. METHODS Data were analysed from 932 patients with COPD (66% male, 66.4±8.3 years, FEV1% predicted=50.8±20.5). Participants had sleep and physical activity continuously monitored using a multisensor activity monitor for a median of 6 days. Linear mixed effects models were applied to investigate the factors associated with sleep impairment and the association between nocturnal sleep and patients' subsequent daytime physical activity. RESULTS Actigraphic estimates of sleep impairment were greater in patients with worse airflow limitation and worse exertional dyspnoea. Patients with better sleep measures (ie, non-fragmented sleep, sleeping bouts ≥225 min, sleep efficiency ≥91% and time spent awake after sleep onset <57 min) spent significantly more time in light (p<0.01) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS There is a relationship between measures of sleep in patients with COPD and the amount of activity they undertake during the waking day. Identifying groups with specific sleep characteristics may be useful information when designing physical activity-enhancing interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Spina
- Department of Signal Processing Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Data Science Group, Philips Research, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn A Spruit
- Department of Research and Education, CIRO+, Center of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure, Horn, The Netherlands.,REVAL - Rehabilitation Research Center, BIOMED - Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer Alison
- Clinical and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Physiotherapy Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roberto P Benzo
- Mindful Breathing Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter M A Calverley
- School of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - David Donaire-Gonzalez
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Selina Dürr
- Medical University Clinic, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal and Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Judith Garcia-Aymerich
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Marco Gramm
- Pulmonary Research Institute at Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Centre for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Nidia A Hernandes
- Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy, Department of Physiotherapy, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil
| | - Kylie Hill
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Washington, Australia
| | - Nicholas S Hopkinson
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | - Malcolm Kohler
- Pulmonary Division, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anne M Kirsten
- Pulmonary Research Institute at Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Centre for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Jörg D Leuppi
- Medical University Clinic, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal and Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Helgo Magnussen
- Pulmonary Research Institute at Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Centre for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - François Maltais
- Centre de recherche, Institut Universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - William D-C Man
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Zoe J McKeough
- Clinical and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rafael Mesquita
- Department of Research and Education, CIRO+, Center of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure, Horn, The Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - David Miedinger
- Medical University Clinic, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal and Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Pitta
- Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy, Department of Physiotherapy, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil
| | - Sally J Singh
- Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Frank W J M Smeenk
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Barbara Vagaggini
- Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Department, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Benjamin Waschki
- Pulmonary Research Institute at Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Centre for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Henrik Watz
- Pulmonary Research Institute at Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Centre for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Emiel F M Wouters
- Department of Research and Education, CIRO+, Center of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure, Horn, The Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefanie Zogg
- Medical University Clinic, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal and Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Brychta RJ, Arnardottir NY, Johannsson E, Wright EC, Eiriksdottir G, Gudnason V, Marinac CR, Davis M, Koster A, Caserotti P, Sveinsson T, Harris T, Chen KY. Influence of Day Length and Physical Activity on Sleep Patterns in Older Icelandic Men and Women. J Clin Sleep Med 2017; 12:203-13. [PMID: 26414978 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.5486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To identify cross-sectional and seasonal patterns of sleep and physical activity (PA) in community-dwelling, older Icelandic adults using accelerometers. METHODS A seven-day free-living protocol of 244 (110 female) adults aged 79.7 ± 4.9 years was conducted as part of a larger population-based longitudinal observational-cohort study in the greater Reykjavik area of Iceland. A subpopulation (n = 72) repeated the 7-day measurement during seasonal periods with greater (13.4 ± 1.4 h) and lesser (7.7 ± 1.8 h) daylight. RESULTS Cross-sectional analyses using multiple linear regression models revealed that day length was a significant independent predictor of sleep duration, mid-sleep, and rise time (all p < 0.05). However, the actual within-individual differences in sleep patterns of the repeaters were rather subtle between periods of longer and shorter day-lengths. Compared to women, men had a shorter sleep duration (462 ± 80 vs. 487 ± 68 minutes, p = 0.008), earlier rise time, and a greater number of awakenings per night (46.5 ± 18.3 vs. 40.2 ± 15.7, p = 0.007), but sleep efficiency and onset latency were similar between the two sexes. Daily PA was also similar between men and women and between periods of longer and shorter day-lengths. BMI, age, gender, and overall PA all contributed to the variations in sleep parameters using multiple regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS The sleep and PA characteristics of this unique population revealed some gender differences, but there was limited variation in response to significant daylight changes which may be due to long-term adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Brychta
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | - Nanna Yr Arnardottir
- Research Center of Movement Science, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.,Icelandic Heart Association, Kópavogur, Iceland
| | - Erlingur Johannsson
- Center of Sport and health Sciences, School of Education, University of Iceland, Laugarvatn, Iceland
| | - Elizabeth C Wright
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kópavogur, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Catherine R Marinac
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | - Megan Davis
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | - Annemarie Koster
- Department of Social Medicine, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Caserotti
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Thorarinn Sveinsson
- Research Center of Movement Science, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | | | - Kong Y Chen
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD
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Li H, Kozey-Keadle S, Kipnis V, Carroll RJ. Longitudinal functional additive model with continuous proportional outcomes for physical activity data. Stat (Int Stat Inst) 2016; 5:242-250. [PMID: 27904749 DOI: 10.1002/sta4.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Motivated by physical activity data obtained from the BodyMedia FIT device (www.bodymedia.com), we take a functional data approach for longitudinal studies with continuous proportional outcomes. The functional structure depends on three factors. In our three-factor model, the regression structures are specified as curves measured at various factor-points with random effects that have a correlation structure. The random curve for the continuous factor is summarized using a few important principal components. The difficulties in handling the continuous proportion variables are solved by using a quasilikelihood type approximation. We develop an efficient algorithm to fit the model, which involves the selection of the number of principal components. The method is evaluated empirically by a simulation study. This approach is applied to the BodyMedia data with 935 males and 84 consecutive days of observation, for a total of 78, 540 observations. We show that sleep efficiency increases with increasing physical activity, while its variance decreases at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haocheng Li
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Sarah Kozey-Keadle
- Kinesiology Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, U.S.A
| | - Victor Kipnis
- Biometry Research Group, DCP, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A
| | - Raymond J Carroll
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, U.S.A. and Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
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66
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Mitchell JA, Godbole S, Moran K, Murray K, James P, Laden F, Hipp JA, Kerr J, Glanz K. No Evidence of Reciprocal Associations between Daily Sleep and Physical Activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016; 48:1950-6. [PMID: 27285490 PMCID: PMC5026562 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine whether physical activity patterns are associated with sleep later at night and if nighttime sleep is associated with physical activity patterns the next day among adult women. METHODS Women (N = 353) living throughout the United States wore a wrist and a hip accelerometer for 7 d. Total sleep time (TST, hours per night) and sleep efficiency (SE, %) were estimated from the wrist accelerometer, and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA, >1040 counts per minute, h·d) and sedentary behavior (SB, <100 counts per minute, h·d) were estimated from the hip accelerometer. Mixed-effects models adjusted for age, race, body mass index, education, employment, marital status, health status, and hip accelerometer wear time were used to analyze the data. Follow-up analyses using quantile regression were used to investigate associations among women with below average TST and MVPA and above average SB. RESULTS The average age of our sample was 55.5 yr (SD = 10.2 yr). The majority of participants were White (79%) and married (72%), and half were employed full time (49%). The participants spent on average 8.9 and 1.1 h·d in SB and MVPA, respectively, and 6.8 h per night asleep. No associations were observed between MVPA and SB with nighttime TST or SE. There were no associations between nighttime TST and SE with MVPA or SB the next day. The findings were the same in the quantile regression analyses. CONCLUSION In free-living adult women, accelerometry-estimated nighttime sleep and physical activity patterns were not associated with one another. On the basis of our observational study involving a sample of adult women, higher physical activity will not necessarily improve sleep at night on a day-to-day basis (and vice versa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Mitchell
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; 2Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; 3Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA; 4Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; 5School of Psychology and Counseling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA; 6Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; 7Department of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; 8Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management and Center for Geospatial Analytics, NC State University, Raleigh, NC; 9Perelman School of Medicine and School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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67
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Lee PH, Suen LKP. The convergent validity of Actiwatch 2 and ActiGraph Link accelerometers in measuring total sleeping period, wake after sleep onset, and sleep efficiency in free-living condition. Sleep Breath 2016; 21:209-215. [PMID: 27614441 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-016-1406-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Physical activity (PA) and sleep are important to health; thus, it is important for researchers to have valid tools to measure them. Accelerometers have been proven valid for measuring PA and sleep, but only one device does this simultaneously: the ActiGraph Link (ActiGraph, LLC); however, the sleep-monitoring function has not been validated. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive power of ActiGraph Link sleep parameters against a validated accelerometer (Actiwatch 2, Phillips Respironics Mini-Mitter). METHODS A total of 49 Hong Kong adults aged 18-64 provided valid data on both accelerometers on their non-dominant wrist for seven consecutive days. Epochs from both accelerometers were classified as either sleep or awake using seven established algorithms (Cole-Kripke, Sadeh, Sazonov, high sensitivity threshold, medium sensitivity threshold, low sensitivity threshold, and neural network model), and these data were transformed to total sleeping period, wake after sleep onset, and sleep efficiency. RESULTS The non-zero count data for both accelerometers (331,103 observations) were strongly correlated with a Spearman correlation of 0.83 (p < 0.001). The total sleeping period was highly correlated (Spearman correlation ranged from 0.74 to 0.90) regardless of the algorithms used. All algorithms yielded insignificant difference in total sleep time measured by the two accelerometers (p > 0.05) with a negligible effect size of d < 0.2. The agreement of sleep/wake status was high for all algorithms, with accuracy ranging from 93.05 % (Sadeh's algorithm) to 96.13 % (Cole-Kripke's algorithm). CONCLUSIONS Results showed that the sleep function of the ActiGraph Link performs similar to a validated accelerometer (Actiwatch 2) and provides an opportunity to measure both sleep and PA simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul H Lee
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Lorna K P Suen
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Fanning J, Mackenzie M, Roberts S, Crato I, Ehlers D, McAuley E. Physical Activity, Mind Wandering, Affect, and Sleep: An Ecological Momentary Assessment. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2016; 4:e104. [PMID: 27580673 PMCID: PMC5023947 DOI: 10.2196/mhealth.5855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A considerable portion of daily thought is spent in mind wandering. This behavior has been related to positive (eg, future planning, problem solving) and negative (eg, unhappiness, impaired cognitive performance) outcomes. OBJECTIVE Based on previous research suggesting future-oriented (ie, prospective) mind wandering may support autobiographical planning and self-regulation, this study examined associations between hourly mind wandering and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and the impact of affect and daily sleep on these relations. METHODS College-aged adults (N=33) participated in a mobile phone-delivered ecological momentary assessment study for 1 week. Sixteen hourly prompts assessing mind wandering and affect were delivered daily via participants' mobile phones. Perceived sleep quality and duration was assessed during the first prompt each day, and participants wore an ActiGraph accelerometer during waking hours throughout the study week. RESULTS Study findings suggest present-moment mind wandering was positively associated with future MVPA (P=.03), and this relationship was moderated by affective state (P=.04). Moreover, excessive sleep the previous evening was related to less MVPA across the following day (P=.007). Further, mind wandering was positively related to activity only among those who did not oversleep (P=.007). CONCLUSIONS Together, these results have implications for multiple health behavior interventions targeting physical activity, affect, and sleep. Researchers may also build on this work by studying these relationships in the context of other important behaviors and psychosocial factors (eg, tobacco use, depression, loneliness).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Fanning
- Exercise Psychology Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.
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Duncan MJ, Vandelanotte C, Trost SG, Rebar AL, Rogers N, Burton NW, Murawski B, Rayward A, Fenton S, Brown WJ. Balanced: a randomised trial examining the efficacy of two self-monitoring methods for an app-based multi-behaviour intervention to improve physical activity, sitting and sleep in adults. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:670. [PMID: 27473327 PMCID: PMC4967346 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3256-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many adults are insufficiently physically active, have prolonged sedentary behaviour and report poor sleep. These behaviours can be improved by interventions that include education, goal setting, self-monitoring, and feedback strategies. Few interventions have explicitly targeted these behaviours simultaneously or examined the relative efficacy of different self-monitoring methods. METHODS/DESIGN This study aims to compare the efficacy of two self-monitoring methods in an app-based multi-behaviour intervention to improve objectively measured physical activity, sedentary, and sleep behaviours, in a 9 week 2-arm randomised trial. Participants will be adults (n = 64) who report being physically inactive, sitting >8 h/day and frequent insufficient sleep (≥14 days out of last 30). The "Balanced" intervention is delivered via a smartphone 'app', and includes education materials (guidelines, strategies to promote change in behaviour), goal setting, self-monitoring and feedback support. Participants will be randomly allocated to either a device-entered or user-entered self-monitoring method. The device-entered group will be provided with a activity tracker to self-monitor behaviours. The user-entered group will recall and manually record behaviours. Assessments will be conducted at 0, 3, 6, and 9 weeks. Physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep-wake behaviours will be measured using the wrist worn Geneactiv accelerometer. Linear mixed models will be used to examine differences between groups and over time using an alpha of 0.01. DISCUSSION This study will evaluate an app-based multi-behavioural intervention to improve physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep; and the relative efficacy of two different approaches to self-monitoring these behaviours. Outcomes will provide information to inform future interventions and self-monitoring targeting these behaviours. TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN12615000182594 (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry. Registry URL: www.anzctr.org.au ; registered prospectively on 25 February 2015).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitch J. Duncan
- School of Medicine & Public Health; Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia
| | - Corneel Vandelanotte
- School of Human Health and Social Science; Physical Activity Research Group, Central Queensland University, Building 18, Bruce Highway, Rockhampton, QLD 4702 Australia
| | - Stewart G. Trost
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059 Australia
| | - Amanda L. Rebar
- School of Human Health and Social Science; Physical Activity Research Group, Central Queensland University, Building 18, Bruce Highway, Rockhampton, QLD 4702 Australia
| | - Naomi Rogers
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050 Australia
| | - Nicola W. Burton
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Beatrice Murawski
- School of Medicine & Public Health; Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia
| | - Anna Rayward
- School of Medicine & Public Health; Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia
| | - Sasha Fenton
- School of Medicine & Public Health; Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia
| | - Wendy J. Brown
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
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70
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An intensive longitudinal examination of daily physical activity and sleep in midlife women. Sleep Health 2016; 2:42-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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72
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Wu BW, Skidmore PM, Orta OR, Faulkner J, Lambrick D, Signal L, Williams MA, Stoner L. Genotype vs. Phenotype and the Rise of Non-Communicable Diseases: The Importance of Lifestyle Behaviors During Childhood. Cureus 2016; 8:e458. [PMID: 26918226 PMCID: PMC4752369 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite continued research and growing public awareness, the incidence of non-communicable diseases (NCD) continues to accelerate. While a person may have a genetic predisposition to certain NCDs, the rapidly changing epidemiology of NCDs points to the importance of environmental, social, and behavioural determinants of health. Specifically, three lifestyle behaviours expose children to important environmental cues and stressors: physical activity, nutritional intake, and sleep behaviour. Failure to expose children to proper gene-environment interactions, through the aforementioned lifestyle behaviours, can and will predispose children to the development of NCDs. Reengineering the environments of children can induce a paradigm shift, from a predominantly biomedical health model of treating symptomology, to a more holistic model based on encouraging appropriate behavioral decisions and optimal health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Olivia R Orta
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health
| | | | | | | | | | - Lee Stoner
- School of Sport and Exercise, Massey University
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Stoner L, Matheson A, Hamlin M, Skidmore P. Environmental determinants of childhood obesity: a specific focus on Māori and Pasifika in New Zealand. Perspect Public Health 2016; 136:18-20. [PMID: 26702112 DOI: 10.1177/1757913915616734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2024]
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Greater bed- and wake-time variability is associated with less healthy lifestyle behaviors: a cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH-HEIDELBERG 2015; 24:31-40. [PMID: 27110481 DOI: 10.1007/s10389-015-0693-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study examines associations between the variability in bed/rise times, usual bed/rise time and dietary quality, physical activity, alcohol consumption, sitting time, sleep insufficiency and a composite index of behaviors. SUBJECT AND METHODS A random sample of Australian adults drawn from an online Panel cohort in 2013 completed a cross-sectional online survey. A total of 1,317 participants, median age 57 (IQR=20) completed the survey. Bed- and wake times, variability in bed- and wake-times, dietary quality, physical activity, alcohol consumption, sitting time, sleep insufficiency and socio-demographics were assessed using a questionnaire. Associations were examined with generalized linear models. RESULTS Having bed - times that varied by >30 min were associated with lower dietary quality, higher alcohol consumption, higher sitting time, more frequent insufficient sleep and poorer overall pattern of lifestyle behaviors. Greater variability in wake times, usual bed times and usual wake times were inconsistently associated with lifestyle behaviours. CONCLUSIONS Greater bed-time variability is associated with a less healthy pattern of lifestyle behaviors. Greater consistency in sleep timing may contribute to, or be reflective of, a healthier lifestyle.
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Dishman RK, Sui X, Church TS, Kline CE, Youngstedt SD, Blair SN. Decline in cardiorespiratory fitness and odds of incident sleep complaints. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015; 47:960-6. [PMID: 25207930 PMCID: PMC4362810 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine longitudinal change in cardiorespiratory fitness and odds of incident sleep problems. METHODS A cohort of 7368 men and 1155 women, age 20-85 yr, was recruited from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. The cohort did not complain of sleep problems, depression, or anxiety at their first clinic visit. Cardiorespiratory fitness assessed at four clinic visits between 1971 and 2006, each separated by an average of 2-3 yr, was used as a proxy measure of cumulative physical activity exposure. Sleep complaints were made to a physician during follow-up. RESULTS Across visits, there were 784 incident cases of sleep complaints in men and 207 cases in women. After adjusting for age, time between visits, body mass index, smoking, alcohol use, chronic medical conditions, complaints of depression or anxiety at each visit, and fitness at visit 1, each minute of decline in treadmill endurance (i.e., a decline in cardiorespiratory fitness of approximately 0.5 MET) between the ages of 51 and 56 yr increased the odds of incident sleep complaints by 1.7% (range = 1.0%-2.4%) in men and by 1.3% (range = 0.0%-2.8%) in women. Odds were ∼8% higher per minute decline in people with sleep complaints at visits 2 and 3. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that maintenance of cardiorespiratory fitness during middle age, when decline in fitness typically accelerates and risk of sleep problems is elevated, helps protect against the onset of sleep complaints made to a physician.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | | | - Christopher E. Kline
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Shawn D. Youngstedt
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation and School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Steven N. Blair
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
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76
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Madden KM, Ashe MC, Lockhart C, Chase JM. Sedentary behavior and sleep efficiency in active community-dwelling older adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:82-8. [PMID: 26483908 PMCID: PMC4521656 DOI: 10.1016/j.slsci.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies have demonstrated that aerobic exercise interventions have a positive impact on sleep efficiency in older adults. However, little work has been done on the impact of sedentary behavior (sitting, watching television, etc.) on sleep efficiency. METHODS 54 Community-dwelling men and women >65 years of age living in Whistler, British Columbia (mean 71.5 years) were enrolled in this cross-sectional observational study. Measures of sleep efficiency as well as average waking sedentary (ST), light (LT), and moderate (MT) activity were recorded with Sensewear accelerometers worn continuously for 7 days. RESULTS From the univariate regression analysis, there was no association between sleep efficiency and the predictors LT and MT. There was a small negative association between ST and sleep efficiency that remained significant in our multivariate regression model containing alcohol consumption, age and gender as covariates. (standardized β correlation coefficient -0.322, p=0.019). Although significant, this effect was small (an increase in sedentary time of 3 hours per day was associated with an approximately 5% reduction in sleep efficiency). CONCLUSIONS This study found a small significant association between the time spent sedentary and sleep efficiency, despite high levels of activity in this older adult group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth M Madden
- University of British Columbia, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Gerontology and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Maureen C Ashe
- University of British Columbia, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Gerontology and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Chris Lockhart
- University of British Columbia, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Gerontology and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jocelyn M Chase
- University of British Columbia, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Gerontology and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Vancouver, Canada
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McClain JJ, Lewin DS, Laposky AD, Kahle L, Berrigan D. Associations between physical activity, sedentary time, sleep duration and daytime sleepiness in US adults. Prev Med 2014; 66:68-73. [PMID: 24931432 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between objectively measured physical activity (PA) or sedentary behavior and self-reported sleep duration or daytime sleepiness in a nationally representative sample of healthy US adults (N=2128). METHODS We report analyses of four aspects of sedentary behavior and PA derived from accelerometry data (minutes of sedentary time, activity counts/minute, Minutes of Moderate and Vigorous PA [MVPA], and MVPA in 10-minute bouts) versus self-report of sleep duration and frequency of daytime sleepiness from the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. RESULTS Age and sex dependence of associations between PA and sleep were observed. Aspects of PA were significantly lower in adults reporting more frequent daytime sleepiness in younger (20-39) and older (≥ 60) age groups, but not in middle-aged (40-59), respondents. In younger respondents, PA increased with sleep duration, but in middle aged and older respondents PA was either unrelated to sleep duration or lower in those reporting ≥ 8 h of sleep. Objectively measured sedentary time showed limited evidence of associations with sleep duration. CONCLUSIONS Further research delineating the relationships between sleep and PA is important because both activities have been implicated in diverse health outcomes as well as in the etiology of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J McClain
- Applied Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Daniel S Lewin
- Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20310, USA
| | - Aaron D Laposky
- National Center for Sleep Disorders Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lisa Kahle
- Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, MD, USA
| | - David Berrigan
- Applied Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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78
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Kline CE. The bidirectional relationship between exercise and sleep: Implications for exercise adherence and sleep improvement. Am J Lifestyle Med 2014; 8:375-379. [PMID: 25729341 DOI: 10.1177/1559827614544437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise has long been associated with better sleep, and evidence is accumulating on the efficacy of exercise as a nonpharmacologic treatment option for disturbed sleep. Recent research, however, has noted that poor sleep may contribute to low physical activity levels, emphasizing a robust bidirectional relationship between exercise and sleep. This article will briefly review the evidence supporting the use of exercise as a nonpharmacologic treatment for sleep disturbance, outline future research that is needed to establish the viability of exercise as a behavioral sleep treatment, describe recent research that has emphasized the potential influence of poor sleep on daytime activity levels, and discuss whether improving sleep may facilitate adoption and/or better adherence to a physically active lifestyle. With poor sleep and physical inactivity each recognized as key public health priorities, additional research into the bidirectional relationship between exercise and sleep has significant implications for facilitating greater exercise adherence and improving sleep in society.
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Exercise and sleep in aging: emphasis on serotonin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 62:276-83. [PMID: 25104243 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Reductions in central serotonin activity with aging might be involved in sleep-related disorders in later life. Although the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise on sleep are not new, sleep represents a complex recurring state of unconsciousness involving many lines of transmitters which remains only partly clear despite intense ongoing research. It is known that serotonin released into diencephalon and cerebrum might play a key inhibitory role to help promote sleep, likely through an active inhibition of supraspinal neural networks. Several lines of evidence support the stimulatory effects of exercise on higher serotonergic pathways. Hence, exercise has proved to elicit acute elevations in forebrain serotonin concentrations, an effect that waned upon cessation of exercise. While adequate exercise training might lead to adaptations in higher serotonergic networks (desensitization of forebrain receptors), excessive training has been linked to serious brain serotonergic maladaptations accompanied by insomnia. Dietary supplementation of tryptophan (the only serotonin precursor) is known to stimulate serotonergic activity and promote sleep, whereas acute tryptophan depletion causes deleterious effects on sleep. Regarding sleep-wake regulation, exercise has proved to accelerate resynchronization of the biological clock to new light-dark cycles following imposition of phase shifts in laboratory animals. Noteworthy, the effect of increased serotonergic transmission on wake state appears to be biphasic, i.e. promote wake and thereafter drowsiness. Therefore, it might be possible that acute aerobic exercise would act on sleep by increasing activity of ascending brain serotonergic projections, though additional work is warranted to better understand the implication of serotonin in the exercise-sleep axis.
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Gooneratne NS, Vitiello MV. Sleep in older adults: normative changes, sleep disorders, and treatment options. Clin Geriatr Med 2014; 30:591-627. [PMID: 25037297 PMCID: PMC4656195 DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 5% of older adults meet criteria for clinically significant insomnia disorders and 20% for sleep apnea syndromes. It is important to distinguish age-appropriate changes in sleep from clinically significant insomnia, with the latter having associated daytime impairments. Non-pharmacologic therapies, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia, can be highly effective with sustained benefit. Pharmacologic therapies are also available, but may be associated with psychomotor effects. A high index of suspicion is crucial for effective diagnosis of sleep apnea because symptoms commonly noted in younger patients, such as obesity or loud snoring, may not be present in older patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalaka S Gooneratne
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3615 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Michael V Vitiello
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Gangwisch JE, Rexrode K, Forman JP, Mukamal K, Malaspina D, Feskanich D. Daytime sleepiness and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: results from the Nurses' Health Study II. Sleep Med 2014; 15:782-8. [PMID: 24841111 PMCID: PMC4078727 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine whether daytime sleepiness is independently associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke or whether the positive association is explained by short sleep duration, disturbed sleep, and circadian disruption, conditions that are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors for vascular events. METHODS Longitudinal analyses of data from the Nurses' Health Study II comprising 84,003 female registered nurses aged 37-54 at baseline were conducted in 2001 with follow-up until 2009. Multivariate Cox regression was used to explore the relationship between reported daytime sleepiness and the incidence of either CHD or stroke (n=500 cases). RESULTS Women who reported daytime sleepiness almost every day, compared with rarely/never, had an elevated adjusted risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) (hazard ratio (HR)=1.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15-2.17). Controlling for sleep variables (sleep duration, snoring, shift work, and sleep adequacy) or potential metabolic biological mediators of disrupted sleep (diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension) appreciably attenuated the relationship (HR=1.17, 95% CI 0.84-1.65; and HR=1.34, 95% CI 0.97-1.85, respectively). Controlling for both sleep variables and metabolic risk factors eliminated an independent association (HR=1.09, 95% CI 0.77-1.53). A similar pattern was observed for CHD and stroke individually. CONCLUSIONS Daytime sleepiness was not an independent risk factor for CVD in this cohort of women, but rather, was associated with sleep characteristics and metabolic abnormalities that are risk factors for CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Gangwisch
- Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Kathryn Rexrode
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John P Forman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth Mukamal
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dolores Malaspina
- New York University Langone Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diane Feskanich
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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