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Shriwas O, Priyadarshini M, Samal SK, Rath R, Panda S, Das Majumdar SK, Muduly DK, Botlagunta M, Dash R. DDX3 modulates cisplatin resistance in OSCC through ALKBH5-mediated m 6A-demethylation of FOXM1 and NANOG. Apoptosis 2021; 25:233-246. [PMID: 31974865 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-020-01591-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Platinum based drugs alone or in combination with 5FU and docetaxel are common regimen chemotherapeutics for the treatment of advanced OSCC. Chemoresistance is one of the major factors of treatment failure in OSCC. Human RNA helicase DDX3 plays an important role in cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis in several neoplasms. The potential role of DDX3 in chemoresistance is yet to be explored. Enhanced cancer stem cells (CSCs) population significantly contributes to chemoresistance and recurrence. A recent study showed that m6A RNA regulates self-renewal and tumorigenesis property in cancer. In this study we found genetic (shRNA) or pharmacological (ketorolac salt) inhibition of DDX3 reduced CSC population by suppressing the expression of FOXM1 and NANOG. We also found that m6A demethylase ALKBH5 is directly regulated by DDX3 which leads to decreased m6A methylation in FOXM1 and NANOG nascent transcript that contribute to chemoresistance. Here, we found DDX3 expression was upregulated in both cisplatin-resistant OSCC lines and chemoresistant tumors when compared with their respective sensitive counterparts. In a patient-derived cell xenograft model of chemoresistant OSCC, ketorolac salt restores cisplatin-mediated cell death and facilitates a significant reduction of tumor burdens. Our work uncovers a critical function of DDX3 and provides a new role in m6 demethylation of RNA. A combination regimen of ketorolac salt with cisplatin deserves further clinical investigation in advanced OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omprakash Shriwas
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Manashi Priyadarshini
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sabindra K Samal
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- B.J.B Autonomous College, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Rachna Rath
- Sriram Chandra Bhanj Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, 753007, India
| | - Sanjay Panda
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Acharya Harihar Regional Cancer Centre, Cuttack, Odisha, 753007, India
- HCG Panda Cancer Centre, Cuttack, Odisha, 754001, India
| | - Saroj Kumar Das Majumdar
- Department of Radiotherapy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751019, India
| | - Dillip Kumar Muduly
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751019, India
| | - Mahendran Botlagunta
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (K L Deemed To Be University), Green fields, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, 522502, India.
- Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Banjara Hills Road No 10, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500034, India.
| | - Rupesh Dash
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India.
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[The innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2]. Uirusu 2021; 71:33-40. [PMID: 35526992 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.71.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Mousavi MJ, Mahmoudi M, Ghotloo S. Escape from X chromosome inactivation and female bias of autoimmune diseases. Mol Med 2020; 26:127. [PMID: 33297945 PMCID: PMC7727198 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00256-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Generally, autoimmune diseases are more prevalent in females than males. Various predisposing factors, including female sex hormones, X chromosome genes, and the microbiome have been implicated in the female bias of autoimmune diseases. During embryogenesis, one of the X chromosomes in the females is transcriptionally inactivated, in a process called X chromosome inactivation (XCI). This equalizes the impact of two X chromosomes in the females. However, some genes escape from XCI, providing a basis for the dual expression dosage of the given gene in the females. In the present review, the contribution of the escape genes to the female bias of autoimmune diseases will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Mousavi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahmoudi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Somayeh Ghotloo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Murine cytomegaloviruses m139 targets DDX3 to curtail interferon production and promote viral replication. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008546. [PMID: 33031466 PMCID: PMC7575108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegaloviruses (CMV) infect many different cell types and tissues in their respective hosts. Monocytes and macrophages play an important role in CMV dissemination from the site of infection to target organs. Moreover, macrophages are specialized in pathogen sensing and respond to infection by secreting cytokines and interferons. In murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV), a model for human cytomegalovirus, several genes required for efficient replication in macrophages have been identified, but their specific functions remain poorly understood. Here we show that MCMV m139, a gene of the conserved US22 gene family, encodes a protein that interacts with the DEAD box helicase DDX3, a protein involved in pathogen sensing and interferon (IFN) induction, and the E3 ubiquitin ligase UBR5. DDX3 and UBR5 also participate in the transcription, processing, and translation of a subset of cellular mRNAs. We show that m139 inhibits DDX3-mediated IFN-α and IFN-β induction and is necessary for efficient viral replication in bone-marrow derived macrophages. In vivo, m139 is crucial for viral dissemination to local lymph nodes and to the salivary glands. An m139-deficient MCMV also replicated to lower titers in SVEC4-10 endothelial cells. This replication defect was not accompanied by increased IFN-β transcription, but was rescued by knockout of either DDX3 or UBR5. Moreover, m139 co-localized with DDX3 and UBR5 in viral replication compartments in the cell nucleus. These results suggest that m139 inhibits DDX3-mediated IFN production in macrophages and antagonizes DDX3 and UBR5-dependent functions related to RNA metabolism in endothelial cells. Human cytomegalovirus is an opportunistic pathogen that causes severe infections in immunocompromised individuals. The virus infects certain cell types, such as macrophages and endothelial cells, to ensure its dissemination within the body. Little is known about the viral factors that promote a productive infection of these cell types. The identification of critical viral factors and the molecular pathways they target can lead to the development of novel antiviral treatment strategies. Using the mouse cytomegalovirus as a model, we studied the viral m139 gene, which is important for virus replication in macrophages and endothelial cells and for dissemination in the mouse. This gene encodes a protein that interacts with the host proteins DDX3 and UBR5. Both proteins are involved in gene expression, and the RNA helicase DDX3 also participates in mounting an innate antiviral response. By interacting with DDX3 and UBR5, m139 ensures efficient viral replication in endothelial cells. Importantly, we identify m139 as a new viral DDX3 inhibitor, which curtails the production of interferon by macrophages.
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Payne K, Kenny P, Scovell JM, Khodamoradi K, Ramasamy R. Twenty-First Century Viral Pandemics: A Literature Review of Sexual Transmission and Fertility Implications in Men. Sex Med Rev 2020; 8:518-530. [PMID: 32713674 PMCID: PMC7378513 DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The 21st century has seen a series of viral pandemics that have collectively infected millions of individuals. To understand factors that may contribute to viral spread and address long-term health sequelae for survivors, it is important to review evidence regarding viral presence in semen, sexual transmission potential, and possible effects on fertility. AIM To review the current literature regarding the sexual transmissibility of recent viral pandemics and their effects on semen parameters and fertility. We review evidence for the following viruses: Ebola, Zika, West Nile, pandemic influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and SARS-corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). METHODS A literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies. Titles and abstracts were reviewed for relevance. References from identified articles were searched and included, if appropriate. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcome measure of this study was reviewing of peer-reviewed literature. RESULTS Both the Ebola virus and Zika virus are present in semen, but only the Zika virus shows consistent evidence of sexual transmission. Current evidence does not support the presence of the West Nile virus, pandemic influenza, SARS, and SARS-CoV-2 in semen. The Zika virus appears to alter semen parameters in a way that diminishes fertility, but the effect is likely time limited. The West Nile virus and SARS have been associated with orchitis in a small number of case reports. Viruses that cause febrile illness, such as pandemic influenza, SARS, and SARS-CoV-2, are associated with decreased sperm count and motility and abnormal morphology. SARS and SARS-CoV-2 may interact with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors present in the testes, which could impact spermatogenesis. CONCLUSIONS We have reported the presence in semen, sexual transmission potential, and fertility side effects of recent viral pandemics. Overall, semen studies and fertility effects are highly understudied in viral pandemics, and rigorous study on these topics should be undertaken as novel pandemics emerge. Payne K, Kenny P, Scovell JM, et al. Twenty-First Century Viral Pandemics: A Literature Review of Sexual Transmission and Fertility Implications for Men. Sex Med Rev 2020;8:518-530.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Payne
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peter Kenny
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason M Scovell
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kajal Khodamoradi
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ranjith Ramasamy
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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Deschepper CF. Regulatory effects of the Uty/Ddx3y locus on neighboring chromosome Y genes and autosomal mRNA transcripts in adult mouse non-reproductive cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14900. [PMID: 32913328 PMCID: PMC7484786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71447-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to sperm-related genes, the male-specific chromosome Y (chrY) contains a class of ubiquitously expressed and evolutionary conserved dosage-sensitive regulator genes that include the neighboring Uty, Ddx3y and (in mice) Eif2s3y genes. However, no study to date has investigated the functional impact of targeted mutations of any of these genes within adult non-reproductive somatic cells. We thus compared adult male mice carrying a gene trap within their Uty gene (UtyGT) to their wild-type (WT) isogenic controls, and performed deep sequencing of RNA and genome-wide profiling of chromatin features in extracts from either cardiac tissue, cardiomyocyte-specific nuclei or purified cardiomyocytes. The apparent impact of UtyGT on gene transcription concentrated mostly on chrY genes surrounding the locus of insertion, i.e. Uty, Ddx3y, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) contained within their introns and Eif2s3y, in addition to possible effects on the autosomal Malat1 lncRNA. Notwithstanding, UtyGT also caused coordinate changes in the abundance of hundreds of mRNA transcripts related to coherent cell functions, including RNA processing and translation. The results altogether indicated that tightly co-regulated chrY genes had nonetheless more widespread effects on the autosomal transcriptome in adult somatic cells, most likely due to mechanisms other than just transcriptional regulation of corresponding protein-coding genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian F Deschepper
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM) and Université de Montréal, 100 Pine Ave West, Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada.
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Cardinal T, Bergeron KF, Soret R, Souchkova O, Faure C, Guillon A, Pilon N. Male-biased aganglionic megacolon in the TashT mouse model of Hirschsprung disease involves upregulation of p53 protein activity and Ddx3y gene expression. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009008. [PMID: 32898154 PMCID: PMC7500598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a complex genetic disorder of neural crest development resulting in incomplete formation of the enteric nervous system (ENS). This life-threatening neurocristopathy affects 1/5000 live births, with a currently unexplained male-biased ratio. To address this lack of knowledge, we took advantage of the TashT mutant mouse line, which is the only HSCR model to display a robust male bias. Our prior work revealed that the TashT insertional mutation perturbs a Chr.10 silencer-enriched non-coding region, leading to transcriptional dysregulation of hundreds of genes in neural crest-derived ENS progenitors of both sexes. Here, through sex-stratified transcriptome analyses and targeted overexpression in ENS progenitors, we show that male-biased ENS malformation in TashT embryos is not due to upregulation of Sry-the murine ortholog of a candidate gene for the HSCR male bias in humans-but instead involves upregulation of another Y-linked gene, Ddx3y. This discovery might be clinically relevant since we further found that the DDX3Y protein is also expressed in the ENS of a subset of male HSCR patients. Mechanistically, other data including chromosome conformation captured-based assays and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletions suggest that Ddx3y upregulation in male TashT ENS progenitors is due to increased transactivation by p53, which appears especially active in these cells yet without triggering apoptosis. Accordingly, in utero treatment of TashT embryos with the p53 inhibitor pifithrin-α decreased Ddx3y expression and abolished the otherwise more severe ENS defect in TashT males. Our data thus highlight novel pathogenic roles for p53 and DDX3Y during ENS formation in mice, a finding that might help to explain the intriguing male bias of HSCR in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Cardinal
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre d'excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines-Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Karl-Frédérik Bergeron
- Centre d'excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines-Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Rodolphe Soret
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre d'excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines-Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ouliana Souchkova
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre d'excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines-Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Christophe Faure
- Centre d'excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines-Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de pédiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Division de gastroentérologie, hépatologie et nutrition pédiatrique, Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Amélina Guillon
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pilon
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre d'excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines-Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de pédiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Abstract
STING is essential for control of infections and for tumor immunosurveillance, but can also drive pathological inflammation. STING resides on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and traffics following stimulation to ERGIC/Golgi where signaling occurs. Although STING ER exit is the rate-limiting step in STING signaling, the mechanism that drives this process is not understood. Here we identify STEEP as a positive regulator of STING signaling. STEEP was associated with STING and promoted trafficking from the ER. This was mediated through stimulation of phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P) production and ER membrane curvature formation, thus inducing COPII-mediated ER-to-Golgi trafficking of STING. Depletion of STEEP impaired STING-driven gene expression in response to virus infection in brain tissue and in cells from patients with STING-associated diseases. Interestingly, STING gain-of-function mutants from patients interacted strongly with STEEP leading to increased ER PI3P levels and membrane curvature. Thus, STEEP enables STING signaling by promoting ER exit.
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Aksenova M, Sybrandt J, Cui B, Sikirzhytski V, Ji H, Odhiambo D, Lucius MD, Turner JR, Broude E, Peña E, Lizarraga S, Zhu J, Safro I, Wyatt MD, Shtutman M. Inhibition of the Dead Box RNA Helicase 3 Prevents HIV-1 Tat and Cocaine-Induced Neurotoxicity by Targeting Microglia Activation. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2020; 15:209-223. [PMID: 31802418 PMCID: PMC8048136 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-019-09885-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1 Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND) is a common and clinically detrimental complication of HIV infection. Viral proteins, including Tat, released from infected cells, cause neuronal toxicity. Substance abuse in HIV-infected patients greatly influences the severity of neuronal damage. To repurpose small molecule inhibitors for anti-HAND therapy, we employed MOLIERE, an AI-based literature mining system that we developed. All human genes were analyzed and prioritized by MOLIERE to find previously unknown targets connected to HAND. From the identified high priority genes, we narrowed the list to those with known small molecule ligands developed for other applications and lacking systemic toxicity in animal models. To validate the AI-based process, the selective small molecule inhibitor of DDX3 helicase activity, RK-33, was chosen and tested for neuroprotective activity. The compound, previously developed for cancer treatment, was tested for the prevention of combined neurotoxicity of HIV Tat and cocaine. Rodent cortical cultures were treated with 6 or 60 ng/ml of HIV Tat and 10 or 25 μM of cocaine, which caused substantial toxicity. RK-33 at doses as low as 1 μM greatly reduced the neurotoxicity of Tat and cocaine. Transcriptome analysis showed that most Tat-activated transcripts are microglia-specific genes and that RK-33 blocks their activation. Treatment with RK-33 inhibits the Tat and cocaine-dependent increase in the number and size of microglia and the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1/CCL2, MIP-2, IL-1α and IL-1β. These findings reveal that inhibition of DDX3 may have the potential to treat not only HAND but other neurodegenerative diseases. Graphical Abstract RK-33, selective inhibitor of Dead Box RNA helicase 3 (DDX3) protects neurons from combined Tat and cocaine neurotoxicity by inhibition of microglia activation and production of proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Aksenova
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter st, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Justin Sybrandt
- School of Computing, Clemson University, 228 McAdams Hall, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Biyun Cui
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter st, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Vitali Sikirzhytski
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter st, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Hao Ji
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter st, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Diana Odhiambo
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter st, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Matthew D Lucius
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter st, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Jill R Turner
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter st, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
- School of Computing, Clemson University, 228 McAdams Hall, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Eugenia Broude
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter st, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Edsel Peña
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Sofia Lizarraga
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter st, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Ilya Safro
- School of Computing, Clemson University, 228 McAdams Hall, Clemson, SC, USA.
| | - Michael D Wyatt
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter st, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Michael Shtutman
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter st, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fox
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, ACT, Australia
| | - Si Ming Man
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, ACT, Australia.
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Li N, Jiang S, Zhao J, Yang Y, Deng K, Wei L, Cai Y, Li B, Liu S. Molecular identification of duck DDX3X and its potential role in response to Tembusu virus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:103599. [PMID: 31899305 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ATP-dependent DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp)-box RNA helicases not only regulate RNA metabolism, but also are involved in host antiviral innate immune responses. It is important to investigate the orthologs of this protein family to broaden our understanding of innate immunity and promote protective strategies against viral infections in ducks. In the current study, duck DDX3X (duDDX3X) was first cloned, which consists of 1959 bp encoding a protein of 652 amino acids. duDDX3X has the typical structure of this family, including nine motifs, DEAD and HELICc domains. The amino acid sequence of duDDX3X shares a high similarity with the DDX3Xs of avian and mammalian. Quantitative real-time PCR indicated that duDDX3X was ubiquitously expressed in nearly all tissues. Overexpression of duDDX3X could activate interferon (IFN)-β and enhance the RIG-I-induced IFN-β yield in duck embryo fibroblast cells. However, duDDX3X had no significant effect on the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and CXCL-8. Tembusu virus (TMUV) infection significantly downregulated duDDX3X. Overexpression and siRNA interference studies showed that duDDX3X inhibited the replication of TMUV through IFN-β at the early stages of infection. Collectively, our results indicated that duDDX3X could positively modulate type I interferon and play an essential role in response to TMUV infection. This study will contribute to a better understanding of duDDX3X in the innate immune system of ducks and lay a solid foundation for further studies of duDDX3X in antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shengnan Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yudong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Kai Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Liangmeng Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yumei Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Baoquan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Sidang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China.
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Advances in the molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activators and inactivators. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 175:113863. [PMID: 32081791 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
NLRP3 inflammasome is an intracellular protein complex that initiates cellular injury via assembly of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 in response to microbial infection and sterile stressors. The importance of NLRP3 inflammasome in immunity and human diseases has been well documented. Up to now, targeted inhibition of the assembly of NLRP3 inflammasome complex and of its activation was thought to be therapeutic strategy for associated diseases. Recent studies show that a host of molecules such as NIMA-related kinase 7 (Nek7) and DEAD-box helicase 3 X-linked (DDX3X) and a large number of biological mediators including cytokines, microRNAs, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and cellular autophagy participate in the activation and inactivation of NLRP3 inflammasome. This review summarizes current understanding of the molecular basis of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and inactivation. This knowledge may lead to development of new therapies directed at NLRP3 inflammasome related diseases.
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63
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Avian Pattern Recognition Receptor Sensing and Signaling. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7010014. [PMID: 32012730 PMCID: PMC7157566 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are a class of immune sensors that play a critical role in detecting and responding to several conserved patterns of microorganisms. As such, they play a major role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis and anti-microbial defense. Fundamental knowledge pertaining to the discovery of PRR functions and their ligands continue to advance the understanding of immune system and disease resistance, which led to the rational design and/or application of various PRR ligands as vaccine adjuvants. In addition, the conserved nature of many PRRs throughout the animal kingdom has enabled the utilization of the comparative genomics approach in PRR identification and the study of evolution, structural features, and functions in many animal species including avian. In the present review, we focused on PRR sensing and signaling functions in the avian species, domestic chicken, mallard, and domestic goose. In addition to summarizing recent advances in the understanding of avian PRR functions, the present review utilized a comparative biology approach to identify additional PRRs, whose functions have been well studied in mammalians but await functional characterization in avian.
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64
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ImmGen report: sexual dimorphism in the immune system transcriptome. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4295. [PMID: 31541153 PMCID: PMC6754408 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12348-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism in the mammalian immune system is manifested as more frequent and severe infectious diseases in males and, on the other hand, higher rates of autoimmune disease in females, yet insights underlying those differences are still lacking. Here we characterize sex differences in the immune system by RNA and ATAC sequence profiling of untreated and interferon-induced immune cell types in male and female mice. We detect very few differentially expressed genes between male and female immune cells except in macrophages from three different tissues. Accordingly, very few genomic regions display differences in accessibility between sexes. Transcriptional sexual dimorphism in macrophages is mediated by genes of innate immune pathways, and increases after interferon stimulation. Thus, the stronger immune response of females may be due to more activated innate immune pathways prior to pathogen invasion. Sexual dimorphism is observed frequently in immune disorders, but the underlying insights are still unclear. Here the authors analyze transcriptome and epigenome changes induced by interferon in various mouse immune cell types, and find only a restricted set of sexual dimorphism genes in innate immunity and macrophages.
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65
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Brisse M, Ly H. Comparative Structure and Function Analysis of the RIG-I-Like Receptors: RIG-I and MDA5. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1586. [PMID: 31379819 PMCID: PMC6652118 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RIG-I (Retinoic acid-inducible gene I) and MDA5 (Melanoma Differentiation-Associated protein 5), collectively known as the RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), are key protein sensors of the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in the form of viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) motifs to induce expression of type 1 interferons (IFN1) (IFNα and IFNβ) and other pro-inflammatory cytokines during the early stage of viral infection. While RIG-I and MDA5 share many genetic, structural and functional similarities, there is increasing evidence that they can have significantly different strategies to recognize different pathogens, PAMPs, and in different host species. This review article discusses the similarities and differences between RIG-I and MDA5 from multiple perspectives, including their structures, evolution and functional relationships with other cellular proteins, their differential mechanisms of distinguishing between host and viral dsRNAs and interactions with host and viral protein factors, and their immunogenic signaling. A comprehensive comparative analysis can help inform future studies of RIG-I and MDA5 in order to fully understand their functions in order to optimize potential therapeutic approaches targeting them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Brisse
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, United States
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Hinh Ly
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, United States
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