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Halder CE, Hasan MA, Mohamud YM, Nyawara M, Okello JC, Mizan MN, Sayum MA, Hossain A. Understanding the challenges and gaps in community engagement interventions for COVID-19 prevention strategies in Rohingya refugees: a qualitative study with frontline workers and community representatives. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1169050. [PMID: 37601208 PMCID: PMC10437112 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1169050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh are vulnerable to infectious diseases such as COVID-19 due to the crowded living conditions with fragile shelters, and limited water, sanitation and hygiene facilities and practices. While risk communication and community engagement (RCCE) is the cornerstone of outbreak control, there is limited evidence available on the effectiveness of the RCCE strategies in this setting. Objectives The goal of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of RCCE strategies and to explore the challenges and community recommendations in relation to COVID-19 preventive measures in the context of Rohingya refugee camps in Bangladesh. Materials and methods It was a qualitative study. Methods used were (a) observation of RCCE intervention by 3 clinical supervisors accompanying 25 Community Health Workers (CHWs) and (b) 5 focus group discussions engaging 60 community representatives. Data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach, separately for observation and focus group discussions. Results The study identified a number of good practices of RCCE, including selecting CHWs from the local community, engaging female CHWs, using local dialect, and collaborating with community/religious leaders. Certain good practices need scaling up, such as utilization of multiple communication methods and interpersonal communication skills. Some areas need improvement, such as CHWs being overburdened with multiple tasks, less effort to active listening, repeated delivery of same messages, inadequate linkage to culture, context, and resources, and less effort to empower the community. Engaging the community, five critical themes were identified in relation to poor COVID-19 preventive practices: culture, religion, and language; local context and resources; community trust and interaction with aid workers; communication methods; and gender and social inclusion. Religious misinterpretation, cultural barriers, physical barriers, lack of resources, breach of trust between the community and aid workers, inconsistent/complex messages, lack of gender and social inclusion, and stigmatization are among some key factors. Some key actions were recommended to improve COVID-19 RCCE strategy. Conclusion We urge the RCCE partners to make use of the findings and recommendations to develop a robust RCCE strategy relevant to local culture and context, responsive to people's concerns and needs, and inclusive of gender, age and social vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charls Erik Halder
- Migration Health Division, International Organization for Migration, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abeed Hasan
- Migration Health Division, International Organization for Migration, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh
| | - Yussuf Mohamed Mohamud
- Migration Health Division, International Organization for Migration, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh
| | - Marsela Nyawara
- Migration Health Division, International Organization for Migration, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh
| | - James Charles Okello
- Migration Health Division, International Organization for Migration, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nahid Mizan
- Migration Health Division, International Organization for Migration, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abu Sayum
- Migration Health Division, International Organization for Migration, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh
| | - Ahmed Hossain
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Global Health Institute, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Balki E, Holland C, Hayes N. Use and Acceptance of Digital Communication Technology by Older Adults for Social Connectedness During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Mixed Methods Study. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e41535. [PMID: 37531187 PMCID: PMC10433026 DOI: 10.2196/41535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults are at higher risk for health issues, including mental health problems. This was especially apparent during the COVID-19 pandemic, where older adults were simultaneously more vulnerable to the disease and the mental health concerns created by social distancing. Subsequently, the use of digital communication technology (DCT) became a critical option for maintaining social connectedness in older adults. Prior to the pandemic, the low uptake and use of technology by older adults was an established problem, known as the digital divide. However, not much is known about how this may have changed as a result of the pandemic. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore how older adults maintained social connectedness through DCT during the pandemic and to understand factors influencing the use and acceptance of DCT. METHODS A mixed methods explorative field study was set up, involving surveys and interviews of 25 community-dwelling older adults (65-88 years old) living in the United Kingdom. The surveys included the internet acceptance questionnaire (based on the Technology Acceptance Model [TAM]); COVID-19 dysfunctional anxiety was captured using the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale (CAS). Background information (demographics, use of technology) was gathered before conducting semistructured interviews. We hypothesized that CAS would affect constructs of TAM and that predictive constructs of TAM would have remained valid during the pandemic. We also posited that there would be unidentified themes outside TAM that impacted the acceptance and use of DCT. We used the quantitative data to guide the semistructured interviews, which were then analyzed through thematic analysis to identify additional themes. RESULTS Correlational analysis showed that CAS influences all constructs of TAM. We also saw that the predictive constructs of TAM, especially the perceived ease of use (PEU) and perceived usefulness (PU), remained valid during the pandemic. Common acceptance-influencing themes were encountered in both quantitative and qualitative analyses, with 3 matching the known constructs of TAM (PU, PEU, and behavioral intention). We identified 2 additional themes affecting acceptance, namely influence of the pandemic (situational context) and privacy and security concerns. DCT use (especially email and videoconferencing use) increased during the pandemic, but the results related to social networking sites were mixed. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic impacted technology acceptance and use by older adults, encouraging their use of certain DCT apps (email and videoconferencing apps, such as WhatsApp). These apps helped insulate them from adverse effects (social isolation and loneliness). Other social networking apps, however, exerted a negative influence, increasing anxiety and a general feeling of negativity. Future studies should maximize older adult agency related to design, privacy, security, and user requirements for development. We also recommend that when studying DCT acceptance for older adults, our additional identified themes should be considered alongside the existing TAM constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Balki
- Centre for Ageing and Research, Division of Health, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Carol Holland
- Centre for Ageing and Research, Division of Health, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Niall Hayes
- Nottingham Trent University, The Directorate, Notthingham, United Kingdom
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Fynes-Clinton S, Addis DR. Thinking Beyond COVID-19: How Has the Pandemic Impacted Future Time Horizons? Psychol Sci 2023; 34:899-913. [PMID: 37314434 PMCID: PMC10271815 DOI: 10.1177/09567976231170560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Older age is reportedly protective against the detrimental psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, consistent with the theory that reduced future time extension (FTE) leads to prioritization of socioemotional well-being. We investigated whether depression severity and pandemic-related factors (regional severity, threat, social isolation) reduce FTE beyond chronological age and whether these relationships differ between younger and older adults. In May 2020, we recruited 248 adults (younger: 18-43 years, older: 55-80 years) from 13 industrialized nations. Multigroup path analysis found that depression severity was a better predictor of FTE than the reverse association in both age groups, suggesting an affective foreshortening of future time. In both age groups, older age was protective against depression severity, and younger age was associated with heightened vulnerability to the negative impacts of pandemic-related factors. Future research should consider the complex interrelationships between FTE, age, and depression severity and the potential impacts of the broader psychosocial milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Donna Rose Addis
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto
- School of Psychology, The University of Auckland
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Paluch R, Cerna K, Kirschsieper D, Müller C. Practices of Care in Participatory Design With Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Digitally Mediated Study. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e45750. [PMID: 37459177 PMCID: PMC10390970 DOI: 10.2196/45750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Participatory Design (PD), albeit an established approach in User-Centered Design, comes with specific challenges when working with older adults as research participants. Addressing these challenges relates to the reflection and negotiation of the positionalities of the researchers and research participants and includes various acts of giving and receiving help. During the COVID-19 pandemic, facets of positionalities and (mutual) care became particularly evident in qualitative and participatory research settings. OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper was to systematically analyze care practices of participatory (design) research, which are to different extents practices of the latter. Using a multiyear PD project with older people that had to take place remotely over many months, we specify different practices of care; how they relate to collaborative work in the design project; and represent foundational practices for sustainable, long-term co-design. Our research questions were "How can digitally-mediated PD work during COVID-19 and can we understand such digital PD as 'care'?" METHODS Our data comes from the Joint Programming Initiative "More Years, Better Lives" (JPI MYBL), a European Union project that aims to promote digital literacy and technology appropriation among older adults in domestic settings. It targeted the cocreation, by older adults and university researchers, of a mobile demo kit website with cocreated resources, aimed at improving the understanding of use options of digital tools. Through a series of workshops, a range of current IT products was explored by a group of 21 older adults, which served as the basis for joint cocreative work on generating design ideas and prototypes. We reflect on the PD process and examine how the actors enact and manifest care. RESULTS The use of digital technology allowed the participatory project to continue during the COVID-19 pandemic and accentuated the digital skills of older adults and the improvement of digital literacy as part of "care." We provide empirically based evidence of PD with older adults developing digital literacy and sensitizing concepts, based on the notion of care by Tronto for differentiating aspects and processes of care. The data suggest that it is not enough to focus solely on the technologies and how they are used; it is also necessary to focus on the social structures in which help is available and in which technologies offer opportunities to do care work. CONCLUSIONS We document that the cocreation of different digital media tools can be used to provide a community with mutual care. Our study demonstrates how research participants effectively enact different forms of care and how such "care" is a necessary basis for a genuinely participatory approach, which became especially meaningful as a form of support during COVID-19. We reflect on how notions of "care" and "caring" that were central to the pandemic response are also central to PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Paluch
- IT for the Ageing Society, Information Systems, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Katerina Cerna
- Intelligent Systems and Digital Design, School of Information Technology, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Dennis Kirschsieper
- IT for the Ageing Society, Information Systems, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Claudia Müller
- IT for the Ageing Society, Information Systems, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
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Okpara C, Ioannidis G, Thabane L, Adachi JD, Rabinovich A, Hewston P, Lee J, McArthur C, Kennedy C, Woo T, Boulos P, Bobba R, Wang M, Thrall S, Mangin D, Marr S, Armstrong D, Patterson C, Bray S, de Wit K, Maharaj S, Misiaszek B, Sookhoo JB, Thompson K, Papaioannou A. The Geras virtual frailty rehabilitation program to build resilience in older adults with frailty during COVID-19: a randomized feasibility trial. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2023; 9:124. [PMID: 37461117 PMCID: PMC10351184 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-023-01346-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has exacerbated the risk for poor physical and mental health outcomes among vulnerable older adults. Multicomponent interventions could potentially prevent or reduce the risk of becoming frail; however, there is limited evidence about utilizing alternative modes of delivery where access to in-person care may be challenging. This randomized feasibility trial aimed to understand how a multicomponent rehabilitation program can be delivered remotely to vulnerable older adults with frailty during the pandemic. METHODS Participants were randomized to either a multimodal or socialization arm. Over a 12-week intervention period, the multimodal group received virtual care at home, which included twice-weekly exercise in small group physiotherapy-led live-streamed sessions, nutrition counselling and protein supplementation, medication consultation via a videoconference app, and once-weekly phone calls from student volunteers, while the socialization group received only once-weekly phone calls from the volunteers. The RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance) framework was used to evaluate the feasibility of the program. The main clinical outcomes were change in the 5-times sit-to-stand test (5 × STS) and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) scores. The feasibility outcomes were analyzed using descriptive statistics and expressed as frequencies and mean percent with corresponding confidence intervals (CI). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used for the effectiveness component. RESULTS The program enrolled 33% (n = 72) of referrals to the study (n = 220), of whom 70 were randomized. Adoption rates from different referral sources were community self-referrals (60%), community organizations (33%), and healthcare providers (25%). At the provider level, implementation rates varied from 75 to 100% for different aspects of program delivery. Participant's adherence levels included virtual exercise sessions 81% (95% CI: 75-88%), home-based exercise 50% (95% CI: 38-62%), protein supplements consumption 68% (95% CI: 55-80%), and medication optimization 38% (95% CI: 21-59%). Most participants (85%) were satisfied with the program. There were no significant changes in clinical outcomes between the two arms. CONCLUSION The GERAS virtual frailty rehabilitation study for community-dwelling older adults living with frailty was feasible in terms of reach of participants, adoption across referral settings, adherence to implementation, and participant's intention to maintain the program. This program could be feasibly delivered to improve access to socially isolated older adults where barriers to in-person participation exist. However, trials with larger samples and longer follow-up are required to demonstrate effectiveness and sustained behavior change. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04500366. Registered August 5, 2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04500366.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinenye Okpara
- Department of Health Research Methodology, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - George Ioannidis
- Department of Health Research Methodology, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
- Geras Centre for Aging Research, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methodology, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joseph’s Healthcare, Hamilton, ON Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | | - Patricia Hewston
- Geras Centre for Aging Research, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Justin Lee
- Geras Centre for Aging Research, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Caitlin McArthur
- Geras Centre for Aging Research, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON Canada
- School of Physiotherapy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Canada
| | - Courtney Kennedy
- Geras Centre for Aging Research, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Tricia Woo
- Geras Centre for Aging Research, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Pauline Boulos
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Raja Bobba
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Mimi Wang
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Samuel Thrall
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Derelie Mangin
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Sharon Marr
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - David Armstrong
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | | | - Steven Bray
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Kerstin de Wit
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON Canada
| | - Shyam Maharaj
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Brian Misiaszek
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | | | - Karen Thompson
- Geras Centre for Aging Research, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Alexandra Papaioannou
- Department of Health Research Methodology, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
- Geras Centre for Aging Research, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
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Crnković I, Lončarek K, Železnik D, Ledinski Fičko S, Vlahović T, Režan R, Knežević G. Relationships between Physical Activity and Selected Chronic Diseases among Functionally Independent Long-Term Care Residents during the Post-Lockdown Period in Croatia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6301. [PMID: 37444148 PMCID: PMC10341333 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20136301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this observational study was to investigate the level and association of physical activity and selected chronic diseases in functionally independent LTC residents after prolonged physical and social isolation during COVID-19 in Croatia. Adhering to the inclusion criteria, 180 functionally independent residents were included in the study. Assessment of physical activity was carried out by 7-day motor monitoring. Prolonged physical and social isolation negatively affected the achieved level of physical activity of LTC residents (x¯ = 5058.74). Major depressive disorder resulted in significantly lower residents' physical activity scores, demonstrating a shrinking effect ranging from 0.42 to 0.45. A significant negative impact on the residents' physical activity was also found in the presence of osteoarthritis and iron deficiency anemia, where a downward effect was present in the range from 0.66-0.72 and 0.64 to 0.66. The presence of comorbidities has a significant negative impact on the residents' physical activity, where a downward effect is present in the range from 0.91-0.92.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Crnković
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Applied Health Sciences, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Karmen Lončarek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Danica Železnik
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences Slovenj Gradec, 2 380 Slovenj Gradec, Slovenia
| | - Sanja Ledinski Fičko
- Department of Nursing, University of Applied Health Sciences Zagreb, Mlinarska cesta 38, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Vlahović
- Clinic for Traumatology, Clinical Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Applied Health Sciences, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Robert Režan
- Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Knežević
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Simon SS, Brucki SMD, Fonseca LM, Becker J, Cappi C, Marques AH, Heyn PC, Gonçalves PD, Martins SS, Busatto G, Bertola L, Suemoto CK, Nitrini R, Caramelli P, Yassuda MS, Miotto EC, Grinberg LT, Arce Renteria M, Alegria M, Stern Y, Rivera‐Mindt M. The (in)visible Brazilians: A perspective review on the need for brain health and dementia research with Brazilian immigrants in the United States. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2023; 9:e12425. [PMID: 37744309 PMCID: PMC10517444 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The Brazilian population in the United States (U.S.), a Latinx subgroup, is rapidly growing and aging but remains underrepresented in U.S. health research. In addition to group-specific genetic and environmental risks, Brazilian immigrants and their offspring in the U.S. likely have cumulative risks for health inequities.It is estimated that 71% of Brazilian immigrants in the U.S. are undocumented, which may limit healthcare access/utilization. Furthermore, mental health is reported as a health priority by Brazilian immigrants in the U.S., and there is a lack of research on Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (AD/ADRD) in this population. Methods We reviewed the scientific literature using traditional (e.g., PubMed) sources and databases generated by U.S. and Brazilian governments, as well as international organizations, and press articles. Results This perspective review lists recommendations for researchers, health providers, and policymakers to promote greater inclusion of U.S. Brazilian populations in health research and care. The review identifies research areas in need of attention to address health inequities and promote mental/brain health in Brazilian immigrants and their offspring living in the U.S. These research areas are: 1) epidemiological studies to map the prevalence and incidence of mental/brain health conditions; 2) research on aging and AD/ADRD risk factors among Brazilian populations in the U.S.; and 3) the need for greater representation of U.S-residing Brazilian population in other relevant research areas involving genetics, neuropathology, and clinical trials. Conclusions The recommendation and research efforts proposed should help to pave the way for the development of community-engagement research and to promote mental/brain health education, improvement of mental/brain health and AD/ADRD services, and the development of culturally-informed intervention to the U.S.-residing Brazilian communities. HIGHLIGHTS The Brazilian population in the United States is growing but is underrepresented in U.S. health research.Approximately 71% of Brazilian immigrants in the United States are undocumented, with an increased risk for health inequities.Mental health is reported as a central health priority by Brazilian immigrants in the United States.There is a lack of research on Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (ADRD) in Brazilian immigrants in the United States.Epidemiological research is needed to map the prevalence/incidence of mental health conditions and ADRD risk factors among Brazilian immigrants in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Sanz Simon
- Cognitive Neuroscience DivisionDepartment of NeurologyColumbia UniversityVagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of NeurologyColumbia UniversityVagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Old Age Research Group, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of São Paulo Medical SchoolSão PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | | | - Luciana Mascarenhas Fonseca
- Old Age Research Group, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of São Paulo Medical SchoolSão PauloSão PauloBrazil
- Department of Community and Behavioral HealthElson S. Floyd College of MedicineWashington State UniversitySpokaneWashingtonUSA
| | - Jacqueline Becker
- Division of General Internal MedicineIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Carolina Cappi
- Department of PsychiatryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and TreatmentIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of PsychiatryClinics HospitalUniversity of São PauloSchool of MedicineSão PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Andrea Horvath Marques
- Elliott School International AffairsThe George Washington UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Patricia C. Heyn
- Center for Optimal AgingDepartment of Physical TherapyMarymount UniversityArlingtonVirginiaUSA
| | - Priscila Dib Gonçalves
- Department of EpidemiologyColumbia University Mailman School of Public HealthNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Silvia S. Martins
- Department of EpidemiologyColumbia University Mailman School of Public HealthNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Geraldo Busatto
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM‐21)Department of PsychiatryUniversity of São Paulo Medical SchoolSão PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Laiss Bertola
- Department of PsychiatryEscola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Claudia Kimie Suemoto
- Division of GeriatricsDepartment of Clinical MedicineUniversity of São Paulo Medical SchoolSão PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Ricardo Nitrini
- Old Age Research Group, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of São Paulo Medical SchoolSão PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Paulo Caramelli
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Research GroupFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Monica Sanches Yassuda
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of São Paulo Medical SchoolSão PauloSão PauloBrazil
- Gerontology, School of Arts, Sciences, and HumanitiesUniversity of São PauloSão PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Eliane Correa Miotto
- Old Age Research Group, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of São Paulo Medical SchoolSão PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Lea Tenenholz Grinberg
- Memory and Aging CenterDepartment of NeurologyUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PathologyUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- LIM‐22Department of PathologyUniversity of São Paulo Medical SchoolSão PauloSão PauloBrazil
- Global Brain Health InstituteUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Miguel Arce Renteria
- Cognitive Neuroscience DivisionDepartment of NeurologyColumbia UniversityVagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of NeurologyColumbia UniversityVagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Margarita Alegria
- Disparities Research UnitDepartment of MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of PsychiatryHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Cognitive Neuroscience DivisionDepartment of NeurologyColumbia UniversityVagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of NeurologyColumbia UniversityVagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Monica Rivera‐Mindt
- Department of PsychologyFordham UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of NeurologyIcahn School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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Pollak C, Verghese J, Blumen H. Loneliness and Functional Decline in Aging: A Systematic Review. Res Gerontol Nurs 2023; 16:202-212. [PMID: 37159388 PMCID: PMC10926714 DOI: 10.3928/19404921-20230503-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Loneliness is prevalent in adults aged ≥65 years in the United States and is associated with functional decline. The purpose of the current review was to synthesize evidence on the relationship between loneliness and functional decline using Roy's Adaptation Model as a theoretical framework. A comprehensive review of PubMed, Medline, and Embase databases was performed. Inclusion criteria were samples including adults primarily aged >60 years, peer-reviewed, published in the English language, and included a measure for loneliness and function. A total of 47 studies were analyzed. Most studies examined correlates, risk factors, and predictors of loneliness, rather than the relationship between loneliness and function. Evidence suggests there is bidirectionality in the relationship between loneliness and functional decline. Loneliness is associated with functional decline in aging via multiple possible pathways. Further studies are needed to determine causality and biological mechanisms underlying the relationship. [Research in Gerontological Nursing, 16(4), 202-212.].
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Griffiths J, Seesen M, Sirikul W, Siviroj P. Malnutrition, Depression, Poor Sleep Quality, and Difficulty Falling Asleep at Night Are Associated with a Higher Risk of Cognitive Frailty in Older Adults during the COVID-19 Restrictions. Nutrients 2023; 15:2849. [PMID: 37447178 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 restrictions, such as social isolation and disruption of daily routines, can have detrimental effects, including increased stress, anxiety, sleep disturbance, and physical and cognitive decline among older adults. This study aimed to examine the association between nutritional status, depression, sleep quality, falling asleep at night, and cognitive frailty (CF) among older Thai adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional study included 408 older adults with an average age of 70.54 (5.49) years. CF was determined using Fried's frailty phenotype and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Basic. The Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and geriatric depression assessment were used for assessment. Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that participants who were malnourished (OR 3.786; 95%CI 1.719-8.335), depressed (OR 5.003; 95%CI 2.399-10.434), had poor sleep quality (OR 1.613; 95%CI 1.041-2.500), and engaged in difficulty falling asleep (OR 1.809; 95%CI 1.022-3.203) had a higher risk of CF compared to those who did not exhibit these factors. Therefore, malnutrition, depression, poor sleep quality, and difficulty falling asleep were identified as risk factors for CF among older adults in Thailand linked to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is crucial to develop interventions to prevent CF resulting from the mentioned variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiranan Griffiths
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Mathuramat Seesen
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wachiranun Sirikul
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Data Analytics and Knowledge Synthesis for Health Care, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Penprapa Siviroj
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Lim XJ, Chew CC, Chang CT, Supramaniam P, Ding LM, Devesahayam PR, Low LL. Perceived unmet needs of an age-friendly environment: A qualitative exploration of older adults' perspectives in a Malaysian city. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286638. [PMID: 37279237 PMCID: PMC10243629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This exploratory qualitative study investigates older adults' unmet needs in the age-friendly city of Ipoh, Malaysia. Seventeen participants were interviewed, including ten older adults residing in Ipoh City for at least six months, four carers, and three professional key informants. Interviews were conducted using semi-structured questions based on the WHO Age-Friendly Cities Framework. A 5P framework for active ageing based on the ecological ageing model was adapted for data analysis. The 5P framework consists of domains of person (micro), process (meso), place (macro), policymaking (macro), and prime, which allows for the dissection of older adults' unmet needs in planning for multilevel approaches, which were employed for analysis. Person: the personal needs requiring improvement included digital divide disparity, inadequate family support, and restricted sports activities attributed to physical limitations. Process: There were fewer social activities and a lack of low-cost and easily accessible venues for seniors. Economic challenges include expensive private healthcare services, variation in the quality of care in older residential care facilities, and limited savings for retirement. Place issues include unequal distribution of exercise equipment, public open spaces, the need for more conducive parking for seniors, and a place for social activities. Difficulties assessing public transportation, digitalized services, and unaffordable e-hailing services are common among seniors. Housing issues for seniors include a lack of barrier-free housing design and unaffordable housing. Policymaking: Insufficient private sector commitment to improving services to older adults, lack of policy governance on the quality of nursing homes, and insufficient multidisciplinary governance collaboration. Prime: Health promotion for preventing age-related illness is required to preserve health in old age, and full-time family caregivers' psychological well-being is often overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Jie Lim
- Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ministry of Health, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Chii-Chii Chew
- Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ministry of Health, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chee-Tao Chang
- Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ministry of Health, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Premaa Supramaniam
- Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ministry of Health, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Lay-Ming Ding
- Perak State Health Department, Ministry of Health, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Philip Rajan Devesahayam
- Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ministry of Health, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Lee-Lan Low
- Institute for Health Systems Research, Ministry of Health, Setia Alam, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Yun J, Yao W, Meng T, Mu Z. Effects of horticultural therapy on health in the elderly: A review and meta-analysis. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GESUNDHEITSWISSENSCHAFTEN = JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2023:1-27. [PMID: 37361284 PMCID: PMC10240129 DOI: 10.1007/s10389-023-01938-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Aim Given the current aging population, the demand on medical facilities, facilities for elderly care, and even their high prevalence, it is crucial to investigate the advantages of older people. The purpose of our study was to systematically review the existing literature on the health effects of horticultural therapy as a treatment option for the elderly. Subject and methods Article searches were conducted through five databases: Web of science, Science Direct, PubMed, EBSCO, and Google Scholar, according to the standard method of systematic evaluation and meta-analysis. Thirty-two published articles were included, and 27 relevant variables were meta-analyzed to assess the benefits of horticultural therapy in terms of physical and psychological functioning in the elderly. Results Results show that horticultural therapy may be helpful in helping seniors lose weight -0.195 (95% CI -0.507,0.117), reduce their waist circumference -0.327 (95% CI -0.637, -0.017), lower their stress -0.339 (95% CI -0.610, -0.069) and cortisol -0.902 (95% CI -0.728, -0.002) levels, improve their physical flexibility 0.302 (95% CI 0.036, 0.569), social interaction 0.370, (95% CI 0.115, 0.624), and daily vegetables and fruit consumption 0.688 (95% CI: 0.287, 1.089). Conclusion Horticultural therapy may be a useful tool for enhancing the physical, mental and social aspects of the elderly. However, there is substantial heterogeneity and wide variation in the quality of the included studies. Further high-quality studies, rigorous controls and adjustments for significant confounding variables, and larger populations are needed in the future to further our understanding of the link between horticultural therapy and elder health. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10389-023-01938-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Yun
- Department of Landscape Architecture, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenfei Yao
- Department of Landscape Architecture, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Meng
- Department of Landscape Architecture, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyue Mu
- Department of Landscape Architecture, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266000 People’s Republic of China
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Mata R, Bankole AO, Barnhill J, Roth I. A descriptive exploration of younger and older adults' experiences of Integrative Medical Group Visits for Long COVID. AGING AND HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 3:100137. [PMID: 37799164 PMCID: PMC10554753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Long COVID disproportionately affects older adults. Individuals with Long COVID (LC) often experience symptoms that severely impact quality of life, and treatment approaches are still evolving. The Integrative Medical Group Visit (IMGV) model is an evidence-based approach that may be useful to treat patients with LC; however, there is limited evidence describing the experience and/or feasibility of using IMGV for LC treatment, especially among the older adult population. The purpose of this study is to describe older and younger adults' experiences of both having LC and participating in a virtually delivered IMGV for LC. Methods This is a secondary analysis of qualitative data from a parent study examining the experiences of participants in a virtually delivered IMGV for patients with LC. Patients participated in semi-structured interviews before and after 8 weekly IMGV sessions. Thematic analysis was used to analyze interview data. Results Overall, 21 pre-interviews and 17 post-interviews were collected. Thematic analysis of patient interviews by age group resulted in three themes that each contained similarities and differences between the younger and older adult participants. These themes included: (1) experiences of LC (2) feelings about the future (3) experiences of the pilot IMGV on LC. Conclusion This study provides critical context for clinicians who treat older adults with LC. Results support virtually delivered IMGVs as a potentially feasible option for both older and younger adults who want to apply an integrative approach to their LC treatment. Findings from this study will inform future research on IMGV for LC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raveena Mata
- The Ohio State University, College of Medicine, USA
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | | | | | - Isabel Roth
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
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Handlovsky I, Wonsiak T, Amato AT, Halpin M, Ferlatte O, Kia H. Between two pandemics: Older, gay men's experiences across HIV/AIDS and COVID-19. SSM. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN HEALTH 2023; 3:100233. [PMID: 36777813 PMCID: PMC9905043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmqr.2023.100233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Pandemics are a component of human life, and have had great bearing on the trajectory of human evolution. Historically, the biomedical aspects of pandemics have been overrepresented, but there is growing recognition of the degree to which pandemics are socially and culturally embedded, highlighting how virus perception is socially and politically informed. Older (50+), gay men represent a population who have experienced two global pandemics in their lifespans: HIV/AIDS and COVID-19. Although governments and health officials largely failed gay men during the HIV/AIDS pandemic, gay men represent an important source of pandemic information and their experiences have much to offer health professionals and policymakers. As such, a small but growing body of literature has compared gay men's experiences amidst the two pandemics. The current study drew on constructivist grounded theory methods to examine how living through the HIV/AIDS pandemic has influenced older gay men's perspectives of COVID-19. Twenty Canadian-based gay men aged 50+ participated in semi-structured interviews via Zoom. Analysis revealed three key processes: (1) uncertainty and the familiarity of loss, (2) witnessing pandemic inequities, and, (3) navigating constantly evolving (mis)information. We highlight the utility of this knowledge to informing future pandemic planning and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Handlovsky
- School of Nursing, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
- Institute on Aging & Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Tessa Wonsiak
- School of Nursing, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Anthony T Amato
- Institute on Aging & Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
- School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
- Community-Based Research Centre, 1007-808 Nelson Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 2H2, Canada
| | - Michael Halpin
- Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology, Dalhousie University, Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Olivier Ferlatte
- École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal, 7101 Ave. du Parc Montreal, Quebec, H3N 1X9, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique, Université de Montréal et CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Canada
| | - Hannah Kia
- UBC School of Social Work, 2080 West Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2Z3, Canada
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Ferraz LT, Santos AJT, Lorenzi LJ, Castro PC, Frohlich DM, Barley E. Paper and screen media in current health education practices aimed at older adults: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e068762. [PMID: 37230525 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With technological advancement and the COVID-19 pandemic, paper-based media are giving way to screen-based media to promote healthy ageing. However, there is no review available covering paper and screen media use by older people, so the objective of this review is to map the current use of paper-based and/or screen-based media for health education aimed at older people. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The literature will be searched in Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, Cinahl, The ACM Guide to Computing Literature and Psyinfo databases. Studies in English, Portuguese, Italian or Spanish published from 2012 to the date of the search will be examined. In addition, an additional strategy will be carried out, which will be a Google Scholar search, in which the first 300 studies according to Google's relevance algorithm will be verified. The terms used in the search strategy will be focused on older adults, health education, paper-based and screen-based media, preferences, intervention and other related terms. This review will include studies where the average age of the participants was 60 years or older and were users of health education strategies through paper-based or screen-based media. Two reviewers will carry out the selection of studies in five steps: identification of studies and removal of duplicates, pilot test, selection by reading titles and abstracts, full-text inclusion and search for additional sources. A third reviewer will resolve disagreements. To record information from the included studies, a data extraction form will be used. The quantitative data will be presented in a descriptive way and the qualitative data through Bardin's content analysis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval is not applicable to the scoping review. The results will be disseminated through presentations at significant scientific events and published in journals in the area. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION NUMBER Open science framework (DOI: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/GKEAH).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lorena Jorge Lorenzi
- Interunits Graduate Program in Bioengineering- EESC/FMRP/IQSC, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Paula Costa Castro
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - Elizabeth Barley
- Department of Mental Health Sciences and Nursing, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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Rosenberg D, Shiovitz-Ezra S, Ayalon L. Helps you, helps me? Provision of instrumental and personal care and loneliness among adults aged 50 years and older during the COVID-19 pandemic. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 113:105065. [PMID: 37224691 PMCID: PMC10199486 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the association between provision of instrumental and personal care, and loneliness in adults aged 50 years and older during the COVID-19 pandemic. Instrumental care referred to the provision of assistance with obtaining necessary or essential products and/or services, whereas personal care referred to the assistance with daily life activities or the provision of emotional support. Social capital and caregiver stress theories served as the study's theoretical framework. MATERIALS AND METHODS The data were obtained from the two COVID-19 waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) conducted in 2020 and 2021. The data were analyzed using logistic regression models. The analytical sample consisted of 48,722 adults in the abovementioned age bracket residing in Europe and Israel. RESULTS Providing instrumental care negatively related to loneliness. Providing instrumental care to a single category of people negatively related to loneliness, whereas providing personal care to multiple categories of people positively related to loneliness. Providing personal care to children positively related to loneliness. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that different types of care provision correspond differently to the experience of loneliness while partially supporting both theoretical frameworks. Moreover, care indicators correspond differently to loneliness. The results imply that for a better understanding of the link between care provision and loneliness in later life, various parameters as well as various types of care provision should be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Rosenberg
- Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus 91905-IL, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Sharon Shiovitz-Ezra
- Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus 91905-IL, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Liat Ayalon
- Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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66
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Lalani N, Dongjuan X, Cai Y, Arling GW. Structural equation model of coping and life satisfaction of community-dwelling older people during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Patient Rep Outcomes 2023; 7:46. [PMID: 37195441 DOI: 10.1186/s41687-023-00583-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 put older individuals at high risk for morbidity and mortality, isolation, reduced coping, and lower satisfaction with life. Many older adults experienced social isolation, fear, and anxiety. We hypothesized that successful coping with these stressors would maintain or improve satisfaction with life, a crucial psychological outcome during the pandemic. Our study investigated relationships between older people's coping and life satisfaction during the pandemic and their optimism, sense of mastery, closeness with spouse, family, and friends, and vulnerabilities from frailty, comorbid diseases, memory problems, and dependencies in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). METHODS The study was based on a special COVID-19 sample of 1351 community-dwelling older adults who participated in the 2020 Health and Retirement Survey. A comprehensive structural equation modeling was used to test direct and indirect effects, with life satisfaction as the main outcome and coping as a mediator between the other variables and coping. RESULTS Most survey respondents were female and between the ages of 65-74 years. They averaged 1.7 chronic conditions, one in seven was frail, about one-third rated their memory as fair or poor, and about one in seven reported one or more difficulties in IADL. As hypothesized-older people with increased sense of mastery and optimism were better able to cope and had greater life satisfaction. In addition, close relationships with friends and with other family members besides the spouse/partner or children contributed to more successful coping, while the interpersonal closeness of all types contributed directly to greater life satisfaction. Finally, older people with more IADL limitations reported greater difficulty coping and lower life satisfaction, and those older people who were frail or had multiple comorbid diseases reported lower life satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS Optimism, sense of mastery and closeness with family/friends promotes coping and life satisfaction, whereas frailty and comorbidities make coping more challenging and lead to lower life satisfaction particularly during a pandemic. Our study improves on prior research because of its nationally representative sample and formal specification and testing of a comprehensive theoretical framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasreen Lalani
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
- Center of Aging and Life Course, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Xu Dongjuan
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Center of Aging and Life Course, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Yun Cai
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Center of Aging and Life Course, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Greg W Arling
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Center of Aging and Life Course, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Griffiths J, Seesen M, Sirikul W, Siviroj P. The Relationship between Handgrip Strength, Timed Up-and-Go, and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Older People during COVID-19 Pandemic Restrictions. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13050410. [PMID: 37232647 DOI: 10.3390/bs13050410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 lockdown restrictions affected physical performance and cognitive function in older people as they were confined to their homes. There is an association between physical and cognitive functions. Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a condition that risks progressing to dementia. This study aimed to identify the relationship between handgrip strength (HGS), Timed Up-and-Go (TUG), and MCI in older people during the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. The cross-sectional study recruited 464 eligible participants for an interview and anthropometric measurement. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MoCA-B), HGS, and TUG were measured in addition to demographic and health characteristics. A total of 398 participants (85.8%) were found to have MCI when screened with the MoCA-B. Their mean age was 71.09 ± 5.81 years. Forward multiple regression analysis demonstrated that HGS (β = 0.032, p < 0.001), education level (β = 2.801, p < 0.001), TUG (β = -0.022, p = 0.013), Thai Geriatric Depression Score, TGDS (β = -0.248, p = 0.011), and age (β = -1.677, p = 0.019) were associated with MCI. A decrease in HGS and an increased TUG might allow for the early detection of MCI and promote physical training in order to reduce the risk of MCI. Further studies can investigate multidomain indicators for MCI, for example, fine motor skills and pinch strength as components of the motor abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiranan Griffiths
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Mathuramat Seesen
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wachiranun Sirikul
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Data Analytics and Knowledge Synthesis for Health Care, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Penprapa Siviroj
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Salas Quijada C, López-Contreras N, López-Jiménez T, Medina-Perucha L, León-Gómez BB, Peralta A, Arteaga-Contreras KM, Berenguera A, Queiroga Gonçalves A, Horna-Campos OJ, Mazzei M, Anigstein MS, Ribeiro Barbosa J, Bardales-Mendoza O, Benach J, Borges Machado D, Torres Castillo AL, Jacques-Aviñó C. Social Inequalities in Mental Health and Self-Perceived Health in the First Wave of COVID-19 Lockdown in Latin America and Spain: Results of an Online Observational Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20095722. [PMID: 37174240 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20095722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 lockdowns greatly affected the mental health of populations and collectives. This study compares the mental health and self-perceived health in five countries of Latin America and Spain, during the first wave of COVID 19 lockdown, according to social axes of inequality. This was a cross-sectional study using an online, self-managed survey in Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, and Spain. Self-perceived health (SPH), anxiety (measured through GAD-7) and depression (measured through PHQ-9) were measured along with lockdown, COVID-19, and social variables. The prevalence of poor SPH, anxiety, and depression was calculated. The analyses were stratified by gender (men = M; women = W) and country. The data from 39,006 people were analyzed (W = 71.9%). There was a higher prevalence of poor SPH and bad mental health in women in all countries studied. Peru had the worst SPH results, while Chile and Ecuador had the worst mental health indicators. Spain had the lowest prevalence of poor SPH and mental health. The prevalence of anxiety and depression decreased as age increased. Unemployment, poor working conditions, inadequate housing, and the highest unpaid workload were associated with worse mental health and poor SPH, especially in women. In future policies, worldwide public measures should consider the great social inequalities in health present between and within countries in order to tackle health emergencies while reducing the health breach between populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia López-Contreras
- Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Tomás López-Jiménez
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Spain
| | - Laura Medina-Perucha
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Spain
| | - Brenda Biaani León-Gómez
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 08303 Mataró, Spain
| | - Andrés Peralta
- Public Health Institute, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (PUCE), Quito 170525, Ecuador
| | - Karen M Arteaga-Contreras
- Servicios de Atención Psiquiátrica, Anillo Periférico #2767, Ed.5 P.B., Alcaldía La Magdalena Contreras, Cuidad de México 10200, Mexico
| | - Anna Berenguera
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Spain
- Departament d'Infermeria, Universitat de Girona, Emili Grahit, 77, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Alessandra Queiroga Gonçalves
- Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Spain
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Terres de l'Ebre, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 43500 Tortosa, Spain
- Unitat Docent de Medicina de Família i Comunitària Tortosa-Terres de L'Ebre, Institut Català de la Salut, 43500 Tortosa, Spain
| | - Olivia Janett Horna-Campos
- Escuela de Salud Pública "Salvador Allende", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Marinella Mazzei
- Escuela de Salud Pública "Salvador Allende", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Maria Sol Anigstein
- Escuela de Salud Pública "Salvador Allende", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
- Departamento de Antropología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 6850331, Chile
| | - Jakeline Ribeiro Barbosa
- Center for Epidemiology and Health Surveillance, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brasília 70904-130, Brazil
| | | | - Joan Benach
- Research Group on Health Inequalities, Environment, and Employment Conditions (GREDS-EMCONET), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
- Johns Hopkins University-Universitat Pompeu Fabra Public Policy Center (UPF-BSM), 08002 Barcelona, Spain
- Ecological Humanities Research Group (GHECO), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daiane Borges Machado
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador 41745-715, Brazil
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Constanza Jacques-Aviñó
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Spain
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69
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Calderón-Jaramillo M, Zueras P. Cared and uncared populations: understanding unmet care needs of older adults (65+) across different social care systems in Europe. Eur J Ageing 2023; 20:11. [PMID: 37119379 PMCID: PMC10148628 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-023-00760-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Population care needs are dynamic. They change throughout individuals' life courses and are related to the population structure. These needs are particularly demanding during population ageing and may vary depending on how societies cope with them. In this study, we explored the unmet social care needs of individuals in twelve European countries with different social care systems. We used data from the seventh wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) to conduct a cross-sectional study of individuals aged 65 and over with care needs (n = 7136). Unmet care needs were measured from an absolute approach. We fitted binomial regression models to explain the relative importance of individuals' characteristics, health status and different social care systems on unmet needs. The absolute measure shows that 53.02% of the analytical sample faced unmet care needs as they reported limitations and did not receive help. The prevalence of unmet care needs is higher for men than women and for younger than older individuals. Furthermore, we found that individuals living in Mediterranean social care systems have the highest prevalence of these unmet needs. This analysis contributes to the ongoing debate about the challenges posed by ageing populations and their relationship with care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Calderón-Jaramillo
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.
- Centre d'Estudis Demogràfics (CED-CERCA) - Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.
| | - Pilar Zueras
- Centre d'Estudis Demogràfics (CED-CERCA) - Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
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70
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Soegiarto G, Purnomosari D. Challenges in the Vaccination of the Elderly and Strategies for Improvement. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2023; 30:155-173. [PMID: 37218912 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology30020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the elderly has become a rapidly growing proportion of the world's population as life expectancy is extending. Immunosenescence and inflammaging contribute to the increased risk of chronic non-communicable and acute infectious diseases. Frailty is highly prevalent in the elderly and is associated with an impaired immune response, a higher propensity to infection, and a lower response to vaccines. Additionally, the presence of uncontrolled comorbid diseases in the elderly also contributes to sarcopenia and frailty. Vaccine-preventable diseases that threaten the elderly include influenza, pneumococcal infection, herpes zoster, and COVID-19, which contribute to significant disability-adjusted life years lost. Previous studies had shown that conventional vaccines only yielded suboptimal protection that wanes rapidly in a shorter time. This article reviews published papers on several vaccination strategies that were developed for the elderly to solve these problems: more immunogenic vaccine formulations using larger doses of antigen, stronger vaccine adjuvants, recombinant subunit or protein conjugated vaccines, newly developed mRNA vaccines, giving booster shots, and exploring alternative routes of administration. Included also are several publications on senolytic medications under investigation to boost the immune system and vaccine response in the elderly. With all those in regard, the currently recommended vaccines for the elderly are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gatot Soegiarto
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Academic General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia
- Master Program in Immunology, Postgraduate School, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia
| | - Dewajani Purnomosari
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gajah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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71
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Roser K, Baenziger J, Ilic A, Mitter VR, Mader L, Dyntar D, Michel G, Sommer G. Health-related quality of life before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland: a cross-sectional study. Qual Life Res 2023:10.1007/s11136-023-03414-0. [PMID: 37084000 PMCID: PMC10119820 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-023-03414-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic forced people to give up their daily routines and adjust to new circumstances. This might have affected health-related quality of life (HRQOL). We aimed to compare HRQOL during the first COVID-19 wave in 2020 to HRQOL before the pandemic and to identify determinants of HRQOL during the pandemic in Switzerland. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional online survey during the pandemic (between May and July 2020; CoWELL sample; convenience sample). Before the pandemic (2015-2016), we had conducted a cross-sectional paper-based survey among a representative random sample of the Swiss general population (SGP sample). In both samples, we assessed physical and mental HRQOL (Short Form-36) and socio-demographic characteristics. In the CoWELL sample, we additionally assessed health- and COVID-19-related characteristics. Data were analysed using linear regressions. RESULTS The CoWELL sample included 1581 participants (76% women; mean age = 43 years, SD = 14 years) and the SGP sample 1209 participants (58% women, mean age = 49 years, SD = 15 years). Adjusted for sex, age, and education, the CoWELL sample reported higher physical HRQOL (PCS, +5.8 (95% CI: 5.1, 6.6), p < 0.001) and lower mental HRQOL (MCS, -6.9 (-7.8, -6.0), p < 0.001) than the SGP sample. In the CoWELL sample, especially persons with lower health literacy, who had no support network or who have had COVID-19, reported lower HRQOL. DISCUSSION Aspects unique to the COVID-19 pandemic affected HRQOL. Vulnerable persons such as those having had COVID-19, less support opportunities, and with lower health literacy are especially prone to impaired HRQOL during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Roser
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland.
| | - Julia Baenziger
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Heart Centre for Children, The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Center for Heart Disease and Mental Health, Heart Institute and the Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Anica Ilic
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Vera R Mitter
- Department of Gynaecology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luzius Mader
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Cancer Registry Bern-Solothurn, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Dyntar
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Swiss Childhood Cancer Registry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gisela Michel
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Grit Sommer
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Amanzio M, Cipriani GE, Bartoli M, Canessa N, Borghesi F, Chirico A, Cipresso P. The neuropsychology of healthy aging: the positive context of the University of the Third Age during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6355. [PMID: 37076567 PMCID: PMC10115807 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33513-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Older adults have been reported to have increased susceptibility to the adverse effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as fatal outcomes, cognitive decline, and changes in physical and/or mental health. However, few studies have examined neuropsychological changes by comparing measurements before and during the pandemic in healthy older people. In addition, no longitudinal studies have examined whether older adults may have responded positively to the pandemic. We examined these issues through a 2-year neuropsychological study before and during the pandemic period. Results showed that scores before and during the pandemic were the same in memory and attention, whereas global cognitive, executive, and language functions improved. Participants also showed no longitudinal changes in depression, hypomania, and disinhibition, while apathy and, to a lesser extent, anxiety increased significantly. To examine possible signs of pandemic-related emotional (dys)regulation, subjects were shown images at follow-up that recalled the most dramatic lockdown phase while heart rate variability was recorded. Higher apathy was predicted by poorer global cognitive performance, increased anxiety, and emotional dysregulation as measured by a higher ratio of low-to-high frequency heart rate variability. Thus, preserved global cognition appears to play a protective role against the effects of pandemic-related anxiety and emotional dysregulation on apathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Amanzio
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, 10024, Turin, Italy.
| | | | - Massimo Bartoli
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, 10024, Turin, Italy
| | - Nicola Canessa
- ICoN Center, Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory of Pavia Institute, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Alice Chirico
- Department of Psychology, Research Center in Communication Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Cipresso
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, 10024, Turin, Italy
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 20145, Milan, Italy
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Bayes-Marin I, Cabello-Toscano M, Cattaneo G, Solana-Sánchez J, Fernández D, Portellano-Ortiz C, Tormos JM, Pascual-Leone A, Bartrés-Faz D. COVID-19 after two years: trajectories of different components of mental health in the Spanish population. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2023; 32:e19. [PMID: 37066626 PMCID: PMC10130737 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796023000136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Our study aimed to (1) identify trajectories on different mental health components during a two-year follow-up of the COVID-19 pandemic and contextualise them according to pandemic periods; (2) investigate the associations between mental health trajectories and several exposures, and determine whether there were differences among the different mental health outcomes regarding these associations. METHODS We included 5535 healthy individuals, aged 40-65 years old, from the Barcelona Brain Health Initiative (BBHI). Growth mixture models (GMM) were fitted to classify individuals into different trajectories for three mental health-related outcomes (psychological distress, personal growth and loneliness). Moreover, we fitted a multinomial regression model for each outcome considering class membership as the independent variable to assess the association with the predictors. RESULTS For the outcomes studied we identified three latent trajectories, differentiating two major trends, a large proportion of participants was classified into 'resilient' trajectories, and a smaller proportion into 'chronic-worsening' trajectories. For the former, we observed a lower susceptibility to the changes, whereas, for the latter, we noticed greater heterogeneity and susceptibility to different periods of the pandemic. From the multinomial regression models, we found global and cognitive health, and coping strategies as common protective factors among the studied mental health components. Nevertheless, some differences were found regarding the risk factors. Living alone was only significant for those classified into 'chronic' trajectories of loneliness, but not for the other outcomes. Similarly, secondary or higher education was only a risk factor for the 'worsening' trajectory of personal growth. Finally, smoking and sleeping problems were risk factors which were associated with the 'chronic' trajectory of psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS Our results support heterogeneity in reactions to the pandemic and the need to study different mental health-related components over a longer follow-up period, as each one evolves differently depending on the pandemic period. In addition, the understanding of modifiable protective and risk factors associated with these trajectories would allow the characterisation of these segments of the population to create targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Bayes-Marin
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut – Campus Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Cabello-Toscano
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut – Campus Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G. Cattaneo
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - J. Solana-Sánchez
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - D. Fernández
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Serra-Húnter fellow. Department of Statistics and Operations Research (DEIO), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya ⋅ BarcelonaTech (UPC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Mathematics of UPC – BarcelonaTech (IMTech), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - C. Portellano-Ortiz
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut – Campus Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. M. Tormos
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - A. Pascual-Leone
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research and Deanna and Sidney Wolk Center for Memory Health, Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D. Bartrés-Faz
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut – Campus Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Fish E, Trejo Tello K. Experiences of COVID-19 Restrictions on Physical Activity in Assisted Living. ACTIVITIES, ADAPTATION & AGING 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/01924788.2023.2199227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleanore Fish
- Department of Health and Human Performance, School of Health Sciences, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Kathleen Trejo Tello
- Department of Health and Human Performance, School of Health Sciences, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Asada Y, Grignon M, Hurley J, Stewart SA, Smith NK, Kirkland S, McMillan J, Griffith LE, Wolfson C, Raina P. Trajectories of the socioeconomic gradient of mental health: Results from the CLSA COVID-19 Questionnaire Study. Health Policy 2023; 131:104758. [PMID: 36924671 PMCID: PMC9985544 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2023.104758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
As the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic prolongs, documenting trajectories of the socioeconomic gradient of mental health is important. We describe changes in the prevalence and absolute and relative income-related inequalities of mental health between April and December 2020 in Canada. We used data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) COVID-19 Questionnaire Study and the pre-pandemic CLSA Follow-up 1. We estimated the prevalence proportion, the concentration index (relative inequality), and the generalized concentration index (absolute inequality) for anxiety and self-reported feeling generally unwell at multiple points in April-December 2020, overall, by sex and age group, by region, and among those who reported poor or fair overall health and mental health pre-pandemic. Overall, the prevalence of anxiety remained unchanged (22.45 to 22.10%, p = 0.231), but self-reported feeling generally unwell decreased (9.83 to 5.94%, p = 0.004). Relative and absolute income-related inequalities were unchanged for both anxiety and self-reported feeling generally unwell, with exceptions of an increased concentration of self-reported feeling generally unwell among the poor, measured by the concentration index, overall (-0.054 to -0.115, p = 0.004) and in Ontario (-0.035 to -0.123, p = 0.047) and British Columbia (-0.055 to -0.141, p = 0.044). The COVID-19 pandemic appeared to neither exacerbate nor ameliorate existing income-related inequalities in mental health among older adults in Canada between April and December 2020. Continued monitoring of inequalities is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Asada
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, 5790 University Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H1V7, Canada.
| | - Michel Grignon
- Department of Economics, Department of Health, Aging & Society, Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis (CHEPA), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S4M4, Canada.
| | - Jeremiah Hurley
- Department of Economics, Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S4M4, Canada.
| | - Samuel A Stewart
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, 5790 University Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H1V7, Canada.
| | - Nathan K Smith
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, 5790 University Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H1V7, Canada.
| | - Susan Kirkland
- Departments of Community Health & Epidemiology and Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5790 University Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H1V7, Canada.
| | - Jacqueline McMillan
- Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatric Medicine and O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Lauren E Griffith
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Christina Wolfson
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Parminder Raina
- McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Prommas P, Lwin KS, Chen YC, Hyakutake M, Ghaznavi C, Sakamoto H, Miyata H, Nomura S. The impact of social isolation from COVID-19-related public health measures on cognitive function and mental health among older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 85:101839. [PMID: 36596396 PMCID: PMC9804967 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to estimate the impact of social isolation on cognitive function and mental health among older adults during the two-year-and-a-half COVID-19 period. Pubmed Central, Medline, CINAHL Plus and PsychINFO were searched between March 1, 2020, and September 30, 2022. We included all studies that assessed proportions of older adults with the mean or the median with a minimum age above 60 reporting worsening cognitive function and mental health. Thirty-two studies from 18 countries met the eligibility criteria for meta-analyses. We found that the proportions of older adults with dementia who experienced worsening cognitive impairment and exacerbation or new onset of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) were approximately twice larger than that of older adults with HC experiencing SCD and worsening mental health. Stage of dementia, care options, and severity of mobility restriction measures did not yield significant differences in the number of older adults with dementia reporting worsening cognitive impairment and BPSD, while the length of isolation did for BPSD but not cognitive impairment. Our study highlights the impact of social isolation on cognitive function and mental health among older adults. Public health strategies should prioritize efforts to promote healthy lifestyles and proactive assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapichaya Prommas
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kaung Suu Lwin
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yi Chi Chen
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Health Medical Intelligence, Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Misa Hyakutake
- Medical Education Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Cyrus Ghaznavi
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Medical Education Program, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, Saint Louis, USA
| | - Haruka Sakamoto
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Miyata
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nomura
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research, Tokyo, Japan
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Greer V, Canham SL, Hong A, Agutter J, Garcia Zambrana I, Van Natter JM. Aging in Place Through the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives from Aging Service Providers. J Appl Gerontol 2023:7334648231159375. [PMID: 36856262 PMCID: PMC9982397 DOI: 10.1177/07334648231159375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Formal and informal networks of resources are critical to supporting the growing number of older adults aging in place (AIP). Data are needed from aging-service providers about assets and barriers that impact their abilities to support AIP during the pandemic, as well as emergent needs resulting from response measures. A series of World Café workshops were conducted with aging-service providers in Salt Lake City, Utah, to understand supportive factors, service gaps, and future needs. Novel domains to support AIP in the context of the pandemic were identified: digital access and literacy, social isolation and mental health, and emergency preparedness. Issues related to access, equity, and affordability were identified as overarching themes across domains. Issues reflect concern over how the pandemic exacerbated socioeconomic and cultural disparities impacting older adults who benefit from aging services. Networks of advocacy and support are needed to bolster resources for older adults, caregivers, and aging-service providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Greer
- College of Architecture and
Planning, 7060University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,Valerie Greer, College of Architecture and
Planning, University of Utah, 375 1530 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Sarah L. Canham
- College of Architecture and
Planning, 7060University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,College of Social Work, 7060University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Andy Hong
- College of Architecture and
Planning, 7060University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,Healthy Aging and Resilient Places
Lab, College of Architecture and Planning, 7060University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - James Agutter
- College of Architecture and
Planning, 7060University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ivis Garcia Zambrana
- Department of Architecture and
Urban Planning, 14736Texas a&M
University, College Station, TX, USA
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Clinical factors associated with adverse clinical outcomes in elderly versus non-elderly COVID-19 emergency patients: a multi-center observational study. Int J Emerg Med 2023; 16:11. [PMID: 36814202 PMCID: PMC9944782 DOI: 10.1186/s12245-023-00482-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has caused over 6 million deaths worldwide. The elderly accounted for a large proportion of patients with their mortality rate largely higher than the non-elderly. However, limited studies have explored clinical factors associated with poor clinical outcomes in this important population. Therefore, this study aimed to determine factors independently associated with adverse clinical outcomes among COVID-19 elderly patients. METHODS We conducted a multicenter observational study at five emergency departments (EDs) in Thailand. Patients over 18 years old diagnosed with COVID-19 between January and December 2021 were included. We classified patients into elderly (age ≥ 65 years) and non-elderly (age < 65 years). The primary clinical outcome was in-hospital mortality. The secondary outcomes were endotracheal intubation and intensive care unit admission. We identified independent factors associating with these outcomes both in the whole population and separately by age group using multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS A total of 978 patients were included, 519 (53.1%) were elderly and 459 (46.9%) were non-elderly, and 254 (26%) died at hospital discharge. The mortality rate was significantly higher in the elderly group (39.1% versus 14.3%, p<0.001)). In the elderly, age (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.13; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-1.2; p<0.001), male sex (aOR 3.64; 95%CI 1.5-8.8; p=0.004), do-not-resuscitate (DNR) status (aOR 12.46; 95%CI 3.8-40.7; p<0.001), diastolic blood pressure (aOR 0.96; 95%CI 0.9-1.0; p=0.002), body temperature (aOR 1.74; 95%CI 1.0-2.9; p=0.036), and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score (aOR 0.71; 95%CI 0.5-1.0; p=0.026) were independent baseline and physiologic factors associated with in-hospital mortality. Only DNR status and GCS score were associated with in-hospital mortality in both the elderly and non-elderly, as well as the overall population. Lower total bilirubin was independently associated with in-hospital mortality in the elderly (aOR 0.34; 95%CI 0.1-0.9; p=0.035), while a higher level was associated with the outcome in the non-elderly. C-reactive protein (CRP) was the only laboratory factor independently associated with all three study outcomes in the elderly (aOR for in-hospital mortality 1.01; 95%CI 1.0-1.0; p=0.006). CONCLUSION Important clinical factors associated with in-hospital mortality in elderly COVID-19 patients were age, sex, DNR status, diastolic blood pressure, body temperature, GCS score, total bilirubin, and CRP. These parameters may aid in triage and ED disposition decision-making in this very important patient population during times of limited resources during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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79
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Öztürk FÖ, Bayraktar EP, Tezel A. The effect of laughter yoga on loneliness, psychological resilience, and quality of life in older adults: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Geriatr Nurs 2023; 50:208-214. [PMID: 36804028 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to examine how laughter yoga affects the loneliness, psychological resilience, and quality of life of older adults living in a nursing home. The sample of this intervention study, made using a control group with a pretest/posttest design, consists of 65 older adults living in Turkey. The data were collected in September 2022 using the Personal Information Form, the Loneliness Scale for the Elderly, the Brief Psychological Resilience Scale, and the Quality of Life Scale for the Elderly. The intervention group (n=32) took part in laughter yoga twice a week for four weeks. No intervention was made with the control group (n=33). A statistically significant difference was found between the groups' mean post-test scores for loneliness, psychological resilience, and quality of life (p < 0.05) after the laughter yoga sessions. The eight-session laughter yoga program was found to reduce loneliness and increase resilience and quality of life in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emine Pirinç Bayraktar
- Elderly Care, Vocational School of Health Services, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ayfer Tezel
- Nursing Department, Nursing Faculty, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
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80
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Damsarsan S, Özcan H. Comparison of Sleep Disturbances Among Women with and without a History of COVID-19 Infection. JOURNAL OF TURKISH SLEEP MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.4274/jtsm.galenos.2022.66376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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81
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Leung T, Eysenbach G, Sueur C, Racin C. Use of Digital Technologies to Maintain Older Adults' Social Ties During Visitation Restrictions in Long-Term Care Facilities: Scoping Review. JMIR Aging 2023; 6:e38593. [PMID: 36599164 PMCID: PMC9924058 DOI: 10.2196/38593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital technologies were implemented to address the disruption of long-term care facility residents' socialization needs during the COVID-19 pandemic. A literature review regarding this topic is needed to inform public policy, facility managers, family caregivers, and nurses and allied health professionals involved in mediating the use of digital devices for residents' social ties. OBJECTIVE Our study outlines key concepts, methodologies, results, issues, and gaps in articles published during pandemic-related visitation restrictions. METHODS Following the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) protocol, a scoping review was conducted by searching 3 database aggregator platforms (EBSCO, ProQuest, and PubMed) for studies published in peer-reviewed journals from early 2020 to the end of June 2021, when the most stringent restrictions were in place. We included qualitative and quantitative studies, reviews, commentaries, viewpoints, and letters to the editors in French or English focusing on digital technologies aiming to support the social contact of residents in long-term care facilities during pandemic-related visitation restrictions. RESULTS Among 763 screened articles, 29 met our selection criteria. For each study, we characterized the (1) authors, title, and date of the publication; (2) country of the first author; (3) research fields; (4) article type; and (5) type of technology mentioned. The analysis distinguished 3 main themes emerging from the literature: (1) impact and expectations of remote social contact on the physical and mental health and well-being of the residents (n=12), (2) with whom or what the social contact took place (n=17), and (3) limitations and barriers to significant social contact related to digital technologies (n=14). The results first underlined the highly positive impact expected by the authors of the digital technologies on health and quality of life of residents of long-term care facilities. Second, they highlighted the plurality of ties to consider, since social contact takes place not only with family caregivers to maintain contact but also for other purposes (end-of-life videoconferences) and with other types of contact (eg, with staff and robots). Third, they exposed the limitations and barriers to significant contact using digital technologies and outlined the required conditions to enable them. CONCLUSIONS The review demonstrated the opportunities and risks outlined by the literature about the implementation of digital technologies to support remote social contact. It showed the plurality of ties to consider and revealed the need to evaluate the positive impact of remote contact from the residents' perspectives. Therefore, to go beyond the risk of digital solutionism, there is a need for studies considering the holistic impact on health regarding the implementation of digital technologies, including the meaning residents give to interpersonal exchanges and the organizational constraints. TRIAL REGISTRATION OSF Registries osf.io/yhpx3; https://osf.io/yhpx3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cédric Sueur
- Institut pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (UMR 7178), Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Anthropolab, Ethics on experiments, Transhumanism, Human Interactions, Care & Society (EA 7446), Université Catholique de Lille, Lille, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Céline Racin
- Subjectivité, Lien Social et Modernité (EA 3071), Faculté de psychologie, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Centre de Recherche en Psychopathologie et Psychologie Clinique (EA 653), Institut de psychologie, Université Lumière Lyon 2, Lyon, France
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82
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Gao P, Mosazadeh H, Nazari N. The Buffering Role of Self-compassion in the Association Between Loneliness with Depressive Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study Among Older Adults Living in Residential Care Homes During COVID-19. Int J Ment Health Addict 2023:1-21. [PMID: 36776917 PMCID: PMC9904273 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-023-01014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an ongoing geriatric health emergency with a substantial increase in the prevalence of medical and mental health issues, particularly among older adults living in residential care homes. The knowledge of the risk and protective factors related to the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on older adults living in residential care homes is based on limited data. This study aimed to investigate whether loneliness mediates the effects of fear generated by a pandemic on depression. Additionally, we hypothesized that self-compassion moderates the effect of loneliness on depression. A sample comprised 323 older adults (females: n = 141, males: n = 182) with mean age = 74.98 years (standard deviation = 6.59, age 65-90) completed a survey comprising the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, De Jung Gierveld Loneliness Scale, the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire, and the Self-compassion Scale. The results revealed that the total effect of fear on depression was statistically significant, with a medium effect size (Cohen's f 2 = .14) and this association was partially mediated by loneliness (β = .11, SE = .04, P < .001, t = 2.91, 95% CI 0.04-0.19). The self-compassion also moderated the loneliness effect on depression. The findings of this study support COVID-19 evidence, indicating that a greater level of fear generated by the pandemic is linked to depression and loneliness. The findings support the notion that self-compassion mitigates the adverse effects of stressful events in older adults. Customized self-compassion programs may be effective loneliness-mitigating interventions for older adults living in residential care homes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11469-023-01014-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Gao
- School of Public Administration, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062 China
| | - Hasan Mosazadeh
- Department of Psychology, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Nabi Nazari
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Psychology, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
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Functional Brain Connectivity Prior to the COVID-19 Outbreak Moderates the Effects of Coping and Perceived Stress on Mental Health Changes: A First Year of COVID-19 Pandemic Follow-up Study. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2023; 8:200-209. [PMID: 35998824 PMCID: PMC9392559 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic provides a unique opportunity to investigate the psychological impact of a global major adverse situation. Our aim was to examine, in a longitudinal prospective study, the demographic, psychological, and neurobiological factors associated with interindividual differences in resilience to the mental health impact of the pandemic. METHODS We included 2023 healthy participants (age: 54.32 ± 7.18 years, 65.69% female) from the Barcelona Brain Health Initiative cohort. A linear mixed model was used to characterize the change in anxiety and depression symptoms based on data collected both pre-pandemic and during the pandemic. During the pandemic, psychological variables assessing individual differences in perceived stress and coping strategies were obtained. In addition, in a subsample (n = 433, age 53.02 ± 7.04 years, 46.88% female) with pre-pandemic resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging available, the system segregation of networks was calculated. Multivariate linear models were fitted to test associations between COVID-19-related changes in mental health and demographics, psychological features, and brain network status. RESULTS The whole sample showed a general increase in anxiety and depressive symptoms after the pandemic onset, and both age and sex were independent predictors. Coping strategies attenuated the impact of perceived stress on mental health. The system segregation of the frontoparietal control and default mode networks were found to modulate the impact of perceived stress on mental health. CONCLUSIONS Preventive strategies targeting the promotion of mental health at the individual level during similar adverse events in the future should consider intervening on sociodemographic and psychological factors as well as their interplay with neurobiological substrates.
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84
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Jakubowski KP, Koffer RE, Matthews KA, Burnett-Bowie SAM, Derby CA, Yu EW, Green R, Thurston RC. Psychosocial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on women with trauma histories: Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). J Trauma Stress 2023; 36:167-179. [PMID: 36463566 PMCID: PMC9877990 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Older adults, particularly those with trauma histories, may be vulnerable to adverse psychosocial outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. We tested associations between prepandemic childhood abuse or intimate partner violence (IPV) and elevated depressive, anxiety, conflict, and sleep symptoms during the pandemic among aging women. Women (N = 582, age: 65-77 years) from three U.S. sites (Pittsburgh, Boston, Newark) of the longitudinal Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) reported pandemic-related psychosocial impacts from June 2020-March 2021. Prepandemic childhood abuse; physical/emotional IPV; social functioning; physical comorbidities; and depressive, anxiety, and sleep symptoms were drawn from SWAN assessments between 2009 and 2017. There were no measures of prepandemic conflict. In total, 47.7% and 35.3% of women, respectively, reported childhood abuse or IPV. Using logistic regression models adjusted for age; race/ethnicity; education; site; prepandemic social functioning and physical comorbidities; and, in respective models, prepandemic depressive, anxiety, or sleep symptoms, childhood abuse predicted elevated anxiety symptoms, OR = 1.67, 95% CI [1.10, 2.54]; household conflict, OR = 2.19, 95% CI [1.32, 3.61]; and nonhousehold family conflict, OR = 2.14, 95% CI [1.29, 3.55]. IPV predicted elevated sleep problems, OR = 1.63, 95% CI [1.07, 2.46], and household conflict, OR = 1.96, 95% CI [1.20, 3.21]. No associations emerged for depressive symptoms after adjusting for prepandemic depression. Aging women with interpersonal trauma histories reported worse anxiety, sleep, and conflict during the COVID-19 pandemic than those without. Women's trauma histories and prepandemic symptoms are critical to understanding the psychosocial impacts of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen P Jakubowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rachel E Koffer
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Karen A Matthews
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Carol A Derby
- Department of Neurology, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Elaine W Yu
- Endocrine Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robin Green
- Department of Neurology, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Rebecca C Thurston
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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85
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Luppino AF, Cincinelli G, Orenti A, Boracchi P, Favalli EG, Caporali R, Ingegnoli F. Tight control in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with targeted therapies across the COVID-19 pandemic era. J Telemed Telecare 2023:1357633X221150724. [PMID: 36694430 PMCID: PMC9892820 DOI: 10.1177/1357633x221150724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the impact of different patterns of healthcare delivery on remission of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated with targeted therapies during the first wave (2020) and second/third waves (2021) of the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period (2019). METHODS In this observational real-life study, data from RA patients treated with biologic or targeted synthetic drugs were extracted from a longitudinal registry. Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) was analyzed in the same period from the 22nd of February to the 18th of May for three consecutive years. These three periods were characterized by different patterns of healthcare delivery: (1) before the pandemic (2019) only in-person visits, (2) during the first wave (2020) both in-person visits and telehealth, and (3) during the second/third waves (2021) only in-person visits. A generalized linear model with the binomial error was fitted to evaluate the difference in the proportion of patients in CDAI remission. Quantile regression was used to compare the median of CDAI in difficult-to-treat (D2T) patients. RESULTS In the three periods, we included 407, 450, and 540 RA patients respectively. The percentages of patients in CDAI remission were similar in the three periods (prevalence ratio 1.07, p value 0.423 between 2020 and 2019, and 1.01, p-value 0.934 between 2021 and 2019). The CDAI remission rate was 40.55% (N = 163), 43.18% (N = 155) and 40.82% (N = 220) in 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively. Among our cohort of D2T patients, CDAI remission was similar across the three periods (N = 30, 22.22%; N = 27, 23.68%; and N = 34, 21.52% respectively). CONCLUSION Although the pandemic has imposed changes in our healthcare delivery, these different strategies seem to be effective in ensuring satisfactory management of RA treated with targeted therapies. The approaches modulated in the context of the different periods have been a feasible compensation for ensuring disease control even in D2T patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Flavia Luppino
- Clinical Rheumatology Unit, ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO, Department of Clinical Sciences & Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Gilberto Cincinelli
- Clinical Rheumatology Unit, ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO, Department of Clinical Sciences & Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Annalisa Orenti
- Lab of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology “GA Maccacaro”, Department of Clinical Sciences & Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Patrizia Boracchi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Ennio Giulio Favalli
- Clinical Rheumatology Unit, ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO, Department of Clinical Sciences & Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Caporali
- Clinical Rheumatology Unit, ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO, Department of Clinical Sciences & Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Ingegnoli
- Clinical Rheumatology Unit, ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO, Department of Clinical Sciences & Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Shinokawa S, Abe H, Takashima R, Onishi R, Hirano M. Verification of the Effectiveness of a Communication Application in Improving Social Connectedness and Physical Health among Unacquainted Older Men: A Mixed-Methods Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1884. [PMID: 36767248 PMCID: PMC9915091 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to verify the effectiveness of an application (app) in establishing social connectedness among unacquainted older men, as well as improving their physical health. The nine participants were men aged 65 and older in the subarctic zone of Hokkaido, Japan. A mix of quantitative and qualitative methods were adopted as the study design. A questionnaire survey was completed before and after the intervention, and a semi-structured interview was conducted after the intervention. An app-installed smartphone was loaned to the participants, which allowed them to share pictures, voice recordings, and their step count. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and qualitative data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis to generate categories. The average age of the participants was 77.7 years. The relationship between participants who were interacting for the first time through the app advanced as their understanding of each other's personalities deepened. The average step count during the third and fourth months was significantly higher than in the first two months. By using the app, older men were able to build relationships with one another. In addition, visualizing the number of steps on the app was effective in improving the number of steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakino Shinokawa
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, N12W5, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
- Health & Welfare Department, Higashi Ward Office, N11E7, Sapporo 065-8612, Japan
| | - Hiroki Abe
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, N12W5, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
- Health & Welfare Department, Higashi Ward Office, N11E7, Sapporo 065-8612, Japan
| | - Risa Takashima
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, N12W5, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Ryuta Onishi
- Faculty of Nursing, Toyama Prefectural University, 2-2-78, Toyama 930-0975, Japan
| | - Michiyo Hirano
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, N12W5, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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87
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Morrison BA, Nicholson J, Wood B, Briggs P. Life after lockdown: The experiences of older adults in a contactless digital world. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1100521. [PMID: 36710727 PMCID: PMC9880547 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1100521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The digital response to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and its effects on the lives of older adults has been well-documented, but less is known about how they experienced the post-lockdown re-emergence into a relatively contactless digital society. Methods We report the findings from a qualitative survey (n = 93) and subsequent interviews (n = 9) with older adults aged 50+, where they describe their struggles with some of the newly implemented digital interactions. These struggles cover a range of settings but include using contactless payments, QR codes and apps to facilitate transactions in cafes, bars, and restaurants. Results A thematic analysis of our data revealed the intrinsic (e.g. digital literacy) and extrinsic (e.g. malfunctioning technology) factors that limited social inclusion for these participants, and that sometimes even led to moments of public humiliation. Discussion Our findings shed light on some of the motivational factors that underpin the age-related digital divide, whilst also highlighting the role of self-directed agism in limiting motivations to learn new digital routines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. Morrison
- Psychology and Communication Technology Lab, Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Benjamin A. Morrison, ✉
| | - James Nicholson
- Psychology and Communication Technology Lab, Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Becca Wood
- School of Criminology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Pam Briggs
- Psychology and Communication Technology Lab, Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Ribeiro-Gonçalves JA, Costa PA, Leal I. Loneliness, ageism, and mental health: The buffering role of resilience in seniors. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2023; 23:100339. [PMID: 36168598 PMCID: PMC9485034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ageism and loneliness are two relevant public health phenomena because of their negative impact on the senior's mental health. With the increase in average life expectancy, these tend to co-occur, which may increase the psychological distress (PD) of seniors. Resilience has been shown to be an important protective factor of seniors mental health, although its potential buffering role of public health risk factors with cumulative impact on mental health, such as loneliness and ageism, needs to be more studied. Aim To assess the potential mediator role of resilience between the effects of ageism and loneliness on PD in seniors. Methods A sample of 349 Portuguese seniors aged 60 years and over was collected through an online survey and during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Seniors completed the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6), the Short-Form of UCLA Loneliness Scale (USL-6), the Ambivalent Ageism Scale (AAS) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10). A mediation analysis model was developed with resilience as a mediating variable. Results There were moderate to high levels of PD and moderate levels of ageism, loneliness and resilience. Resilience fully mediated the effect of ageism on PD and partially mediated the effect of loneliness on PD. Conclusions Resilience was an important protective factor of mental health against the effects of ageism, and partially protected mental health from the effects of loneliness among seniors. It is suggested that resilience be considered as a factor to be integrated in future intervention programs for mental health. The practical applicability of this study is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alberto Ribeiro-Gonçalves
- Corresponding author at: William James Center for Research, ISPA - University Institute, Rua Jardim do Tabaco, n° 34, 1149-041 Lisboa, Portugal.
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de Maio Nascimento M, da Silva Neto HR, de Fátima Carreira Moreira Padovez R, Neves VR. Impacts of Social Isolation on the Physical and Mental Health of Older Adults During Quarantine: A Systematic Review. Clin Gerontol 2023; 46:648-668. [PMID: 36322620 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2022.2141166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To systematically review articles that reported the impacts of social isolation on the physical and mental health of healthy older adults during the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) quarantine. METHODS Electronic search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and BIREME databases. It included cohort and cross-sectional studies published between January 2020 and January 2022 which evaluated the impacts of social isolation on the physical and mental health of older adults during quarantine. The study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021269720). RESULTS Out of 8,505 studies identified, 17 met the inclusion criteria, with moderate to excellent quality. The majority of the older population perceived changes in their physical and mental health. Impacts differed in cohorts according to sex, age group, income, social participation, exercising before and during confinement, and living alone or with other people. CONCLUSIONS The long period of social isolation dictated by the COVID-19 pandemic caused changes in most older adults`, reducing levels of physical activity and/or generating depression, anxiety, fear, and mood problems. Follow-up studies are necessary to observe the evolution of these impacts. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Public policies must be developed to promote the emotional and physical health of the older adult population in the post-pandemic period.
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Poghosyan H, Margaryan Y, Jeon S, Edelman EJ, Yu JB. Association between social connectedness and stress or anxiety among older cancer survivors during the 2020-2021 winter surge of the COVID-19 pandemic. J Geriatr Oncol 2023; 14:101390. [PMID: 36274031 PMCID: PMC9554341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our goal was to estimate a relative decreased rate of social connectedness to family and friends, increased rate of stress or anxiety during the 2020-2021 winter surge of the COVID-19 pandemic, and investigate the association between social connectedness and stress or anxiety among a nationally representative sample of older adults with cancer history. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used population-based, nationally representative cross-sectional data from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey COVID-19 Winter 2021 Community Supplement. The study cohort included community-living Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older who self-reported cancer history (other than skin cancer) (n = 1650). Sample weights were applied to account for the complex survey design, with results generalizable to 8.5 million Medicare beneficiaries with cancer history. The outcome was self-reported feelings of stress or anxiety during the 2020-2021 winter surge of the COVID-19 pandemic. The independent variable was social connectedness, defined as feeling less socially connected to family and friends during the 2020-2021 winter surge of the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted weighted descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Overall, 42.5% of beneficiaries reported decreased social connectedness to family and friends, and 37.8% reported increased feelings of stress or anxiety during the 2020-2021 winter surge of the COVID-19 pandemic. After adjusting for all covariates, participants who reported decreased social connectedness had 154% higher odds of increased feelings of stress or anxiety (adjusted odds ratio [AOD] = 2.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.00-3.20, p ≤0.001) compared to those who reported more or about the same social connectedness to family and friends. The odds of increased feelings of stress or anxiety were also higher for those who self-reported as Hispanic vs. non-Hispanic White beneficiaries (AOR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.10-1.73, p = .016), women vs. men (AOR = 1.85, 95%CI = 1.43-2.38, p ≤0.001), and those who reported depression history vs. not reporting depression history (AOR = 2.55, 95% CI = 1.86-3.48, p ≤0.000). DISCUSSION An estimated 3.6 million older adults with cancer history reported decreased social connectedness to family and friends, and 3.2 million reported increased feelings of stress or anxiety during the 2020-2021 winter surge of the COVID-19 pandemic. Identifying these adults and referring them to appropriate supportive care resources and services are essential to help them cope with negative feelings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermine Poghosyan
- Yale School of Nursing, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; COPPER Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | | | - Sangchoon Jeon
- Yale School of Nursing, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - E Jennifer Edelman
- Yale Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - James B Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
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91
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Factors Influencing Mobility During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2023; 104:34-42. [PMID: 36055379 PMCID: PMC9424116 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe and identify factors influencing mobility among older adults during the first 5 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN A cross-sectional telesurvey. SETTING Community dwelling older adults, situated within the first 5 months of the COVID-19 pandemic, in Hamilton, Canada. PARTICIPANTS A random sample of 2343 older adults were approached to be in the study, of which 247 completed the survey (N=247). Eligible participants were aged ≥65 years. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Mobility was measured using global rating of change items and the Late Life Function Instrument (LLFI). Multivariate linear regression models were used to examine the association between mobility and related factors based on Webber's model. RESULTS 247 older adults (29% male, mean age 78±7.3 years) completed surveys between May and August 2020. Respectively, 26%, 10%, and 9%, rated their ability to engage in physical activity, housework, and move around their home as worse compared with the start of the pandemic. The mean LLFI score was 60.9±13.4. In the model, walking volume (β=0.03 95% confidence interval 0.013, 0.047), fall history (β=-0.04, 95% confidence interval -0.08, -0.04), male sex (β=0.06, 95% confidence interval 0.02, 0.09), unpleasant neighborhood (β=-0.06, 95% confidence interval -0.11, -0.02), musculoskeletal pain (β=-0.07, 95% confidence interval -0.11, -0.03), and self-reported health (β=0.08, 95% confidence interval 0.03, 0.13) had the strongest associations with LLFI scores and explained 64% of the variance in the LLFI score. CONCLUSIONS Physical and environmental factors may help explain poorer mobility during lockdowns. Future research should examine these associations longitudinally to see if factors remain consistent over time and could be targeted for rehabilitation.
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Lennon JC, Hantke N, Mattek N, Wu CY, Dodge H, Wall R, Beattie Z, Kaye J, Silbert L. Mood and activity changes during the COVID-19 pandemic in rural and urban Veterans and their cohabitants. Clin Gerontol 2023; 46:759-766. [PMID: 36208222 PMCID: PMC10132474 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2022.2130123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the impact of COVID-19 pandemic-related stay-at-home orders on weekly reports of mood and activity before and during COVID-19 in a sample of older Veterans and their cohabitants. METHODS Urban and rural Veterans and their cohabitants living in the Pacific Northwest ≥62 years old were enrolled as part of the Collaborative Aging Research Using Technology initiative (n = 100, age = 71.2 ± 6.5, 41% women). Participants reported frequency of social activities (e.g., travel away), physical illness, and mood (blue mood and loneliness) via weekly online health forms. RESULTS A total of 2,441 weekly online health forms (OHFs) were collected from 100 participants. During the COVID-19 pandemic, blue mood (OR = 4.4, p < .0001) and loneliness (OR = 7.2, p < .0001) were significantly higher than before the pandemic, and travel away from home was significantly lower (OR = 0.5, p < .0001). Prevalence of blue mood and loneliness were not associated with rurality. CONCLUSIONS The current study established that blue mood and loneliness were significantly more prevalent in older Veterans following COVID-19 stay-at-home orders regardless of rurality. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The COVID-19 pandemic associated health precautions, while necessary to curb acute health risks, have created a unique situation that places vulnerable populations at increased risk of low mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack C. Lennon
- Division of Mental Health & Clinical Neurosciences, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR USA
| | - Nathan Hantke
- Division of Mental Health & Clinical Neurosciences, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR USA
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
- NIA-Layton Aging & Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Portland, OR USA
| | - Nora Mattek
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
- NIA-Layton Aging & Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Portland, OR USA
- Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), Portland, OR USA
| | - Chao-Yi Wu
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
- NIA-Layton Aging & Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Portland, OR USA
- Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), Portland, OR USA
| | - Hiroko Dodge
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
- NIA-Layton Aging & Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Portland, OR USA
- Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), Portland, OR USA
| | - Rachel Wall
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
- NIA-Layton Aging & Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Portland, OR USA
- Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), Portland, OR USA
| | - Zachary Beattie
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
- NIA-Layton Aging & Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Portland, OR USA
- Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), Portland, OR USA
| | - Jeffrey Kaye
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
- NIA-Layton Aging & Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Portland, OR USA
- Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), Portland, OR USA
| | - Lisa Silbert
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
- NIA-Layton Aging & Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Portland, OR USA
- Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), Portland, OR USA
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Kang HS, Koh IS, Makimoto K, Yamakawa M. Nurses' perception towards care robots and their work experience with socially assistive technology during COVID-19: A qualitative study. Geriatr Nurs 2023; 50:234-239. [PMID: 36805955 PMCID: PMC9899786 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore nurses' perceptions towards care robots and their work experiences in caring for older adults who use socially assistive technology. This qualitative descriptive study included 18 nurses who cared for older adults with dementia or living alone at home. Interviews via Zoom were conducted, and the collected data were analyzed using inductive content analysis. The three themes were identified: (1) perceived benefits, (2) perceived challenges, and (3) improvements needed to enhance the quality of care. The participants perceived that the care robot and socially assistive technology were useful in caring for older adults during COVID-19. However, they noted that the limited capabilities of the technology and an increased workload negatively impacted the quality of care for older adults. The findings of this study indicated that socially assistive technology and care robots have potential benefits in assisting older adults with dementia or living alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Sun Kang
- Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, South Korea
| | - In Soon Koh
- Department of Nursing, Ulsan College, 101 Bong su-ro, Dong-gu, Ulsan 44022, South Korea.
| | - Kiyoko Makimoto
- Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Miyae Yamakawa
- Department of Evidence-Based Clinical Nursing, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Shahaj O, Ksinan Jiskrova G, Bobák M, Pikhart H, Ksinan AJ. Psychological Distress Among Older Adults During the First Wave of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1604372. [PMID: 36874220 PMCID: PMC9974635 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1604372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the individual and country-level characteristics associated with the presence and worsening of psychological distress during the first wave of the pandemic among the elderly in Europe. Methods: In June-August 2020, 52,310 non-institutionalized people aged 50+ in 27 SHARE participating countries reported whether feeling depressed, anxious, lonely, and having sleep problems. For this analysis, we combined these symptoms into a count variable reflecting psychological distress. Binary measures of the worsening of each symptom were used as secondary outcomes. Multilevel zero-inflated negative binomial and binary logistic regressions were used to assess the associations. Results: Female sex, low education, multimorbidity, fewer social contacts, and higher stringency of policy measures were associated with increased distress. The worsening of all 4 distress symptoms was associated with younger age, poor health, loss of work due to the pandemic, low social contact, and high national mortality rates from COVID-19. Conclusion: The pandemic exacerbated distress symptoms for socially disadvantaged older adults and those who were already struggling with mental health. The death toll of COVID-19 in a country played a role in symptom worsening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martin Bobák
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hynek Pikhart
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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95
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[The development of mental health in oldest-old individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of social support]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2023; 66:241-247. [PMID: 36715721 PMCID: PMC9886206 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-023-03660-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The elderly population is one of the high-risk groups with regard to a severe course of disease and increased mortality when infected with the coronavirus SARS-CoV‑2 (Severe Acute Raspiratory Syndrom Coronavirus 2). This group may be at higher risk for psychological strains from the COVID-19 pandemic itself but also from the health protection measures. The aim is to examine how symptoms of depressiveness, anxiety, and somatization change over the course of the pandemic and which role social support plays in that. METHODS Using two written surveys of n = 156 elderly participants in the periods May to June 2020 and March to May 2021, sociodemographic data, factors of psychological strain (depressiveness, anxiety, and somatization), as well as the perceived social support were recorded. The mean age of the respondents was 87.20 years (SD = 4.65; age range = 77.68-96.75 years) and 88.03 years (SD = 4.63; age range = 78.52-97.62 years) for 2020 and 2021, respectively. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon t‑tests and generalized linear regression models. RESULTS A significant increase in the expression of psychological strain with regards to depressiveness, anxiety, and somatization can be identified. Higher scores of psychological strains in 2020 are associated with a higher psychological strain in 2021. Higher perceived social support in 2020 is associated with lower depressiveness one year later. CONCLUSION An increase in psychological strain has been observed in the elderly population over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic until May 2021. This population should be supported by preventive programs to avert a further increase in symptoms. The expansion of social support could be useful, especially in the prevention of depressive symptoms.
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96
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Sheppard CL, Pattni N, Gunasegaran T, Austen A, Hitzig SL. Housing Satisfaction Among Older Adults Living in Low-Income Seniors' Housing. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIAL WORK 2023; 66:134-151. [PMID: 36285435 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2022.2140240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tenant experience surveys are a key tool for social housing landlords to gauge their success in providing high quality housing. This paper examines feedback from a tenant experience survey facilitated in a low-income housing seniors' housing community to: (1) examine their perceptions of their housing across key domains related to tenant satisfaction; and (2) identify opportunities they felt would improve their housing experience. A total of 1,114 households completed the survey. Results showed that tenants generally had high satisfaction with property management, safety and security, communication with staff, access to services, community support, and tenancy management. However, open-ended comments from tenants highlighted specific situations that negatively impacted their housing, including maintenance issues, safety concerns, and limited access to health and social programs. Findings point to several suggestions for social housing providers to enhance their services to foster inclusive, supportive, and safe housing environments for low-income older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine L Sheppard
- St. John's Rehab Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Wellesley Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Noorin Pattni
- St. John's Rehab Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Andrea Austen
- Senior Services and Long-Term Care, City of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sander L Hitzig
- St. John's Rehab Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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97
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Racin C, Minjard R, Humbert C, Braccini V, Capelli F, Sueur C, Lemaire C. Analyzing the use of videoconference by and for older adults in nursing homes: an interdisciplinary approach to learn from the pandemic. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1154657. [PMID: 37213393 PMCID: PMC10196051 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1154657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction During the Covid-19 pandemic and the resulting visitation restrictions, digital tools were used in many nursing homes in France to allow the older adults and their relatives to maintain social contact via videoconferencing. This article adopts an interdisciplinary approach to analyze the processes that affect the use of digital technologies. Methods Drawing on the concept of "mediation," it seeks to shed light on how individuals embrace these tools in a relational situation. The interviews and observations undertaken among residents, their relatives, professionals, and the management head of seven nursing homes in 2021, make it possible to outline the different forms of practices and uses and to identify the factors leading to the variations observed. Results While the key objective of these technical and technological tools is to compensate - on a functional level - for the communication problems and the isolation of individuals in order to promote residents' "quality of life" by maintaining "social contact," our study reveals that these tools' uses and practices largely differ. It also shows considerable inequalities in terms of residents' acquisition of subjective feelings of ownership of the tools. These are never attributed to isolated physical, cognitive, psychic, and social difficulties, but are influenced by specific organizational, interactional, and psychic configurations. Some of the structures analyzed revealed situations in which mediation failed, occasionally exposing the risk associated with seeking "ties at all costs," or revealing a disturbing strangeness when residents were placed in front of screens. Some configurations, however, showed that it was possible to set up an intermediate space for the experience to unfold, which in turn opened up a space where individuals, groups, and institutions could experiment, allowing them to develop subjective feelings of ownership of this experience. Discussion This article discusses how the configurations that failed to promote the mediation process reveal the need to assess the representations of care and assistance in the relationships between older adults, their loved ones, and nursing home professionals. Indeed, in certain situations, the use of videoconferencing, while seeking to produce a positive effect, risks displacing and increasing the effects of the "negative" associated with dependency, which may worsen individuals' difficulties within nursing homes. The risks associated with the failure to take into account residents' requests and consent explain why it is important to discuss how certain uses of digital tools may renew the dilemma between concerns for protection, on the one hand, and respect for autonomy on the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Racin
- Centre de Recherche en Psychopathologie et Psychologie Clinique (CRPPC, EA 653), Institut de psychologie, Université Lumière Lyon 2, Lyon, France
- *Correspondence: Céline Racin,
| | - Raphaël Minjard
- Centre de Recherche en Psychopathologie et Psychologie Clinique (CRPPC, EA 653), Institut de psychologie, Université Lumière Lyon 2, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Humbert
- PSInstitut, Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire interdisciplinaire en études culturelles (LinCS, UMR 7069), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vivien Braccini
- PSInstitut, Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Sciences de l'Education et de la Communication (LISEC, UR 2310), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabien Capelli
- PSInstitut, Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Sciences de l'Education et de la Communication (LISEC, UR 2310), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Cédric Sueur
- Institut pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC, UMR 7178), Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Anthropolab, Ethics (EA 7446), Université Catholique de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Célia Lemaire
- Magellan (EA 3713), iaelyon, Université Jean Moulin Lyon 3, Lyon, France
- Faculté des sciences de l’administration, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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Pereiro AX, Leiva D, Galvañ A, Pinazo-Hernandis S, Pinazo-Clapés C, Dosil-Díaz C, Felpete A, Facal D. Psychological and functional impacts associated with restrictions in long-term care facilities (LTCF) due to the COVID-19 pandemic: A multicentre study. Aging Ment Health 2022:1-8. [PMID: 36537244 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2158306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To analyze the impacts of the restrictions implemented in LTCF during the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological and functional status of older adults. Design: A retrospective multicentre study is designed. We hypothesize that the negative effects of the restrictions will lead to a higher rate of decline between the measures taken immediately before and after the lockdown than between the two measures taken before the lockdown. Setting and participants: 365 participants recruited in four Spanish LTCFs in Galicia and Valencia.Methods: Impacts of restrictions on cognitive (MMSE), affective (GDS) and functional status (Barthel index, Tinetti) were analyzed by Linear Mixed Models with random intercepts, random slopes, and personal and contextual factors as covariates.Results: Social measures covaried significantly with the cognitive and functional status but did not predict longitudinal change. MMSE, Barthel index and Tinetti scores decreased significantly across pre- and post-lockdown measurement times, but only the Tinetti scores showed a specific impact of the restrictions.Conclusions: Only performance-based functional measures showed the real impact of restrictions. The findings highlight the importance of having data from several pre-lockdown measurements to enable identification of changes that can be causally attributed to the restrictions. The findings also support the resilience of older adults in mitigating the effect of the restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A X Pereiro
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - D Leiva
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, University of Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - A Galvañ
- Department of Social Psychology, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - S Pinazo-Hernandis
- Department of Social Psychology, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - C Pinazo-Clapés
- Department of Social Psychology, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - C Dosil-Díaz
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - A Felpete
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - D Facal
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
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VoPham T, Harris HR, Tinker LF, Manson JE, Meliker JR, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Shadyab AH, Saquib N, Anderson GL, Shumaker SA. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Older Women in the Women's Health Initiative. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:S3-S12. [PMID: 35238375 PMCID: PMC9383531 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a health crisis of which older adults are a high-risk group for severe illness and mortality. The objectives of this article are to describe the methods and responses to a COVID-19 survey administered by the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) to assess the impact of the pandemic on older women. METHODS WHI is an ongoing prospective cohort study that recruited 161 808 postmenopausal women from 1993 to 1998. From June 2020 to October 2020, participants in active follow-up were surveyed by mail, phone, or online to assess health and well-being, living situations, lifestyle, health care, and self-reported COVID-19 testing, treatment, and preventive behaviors. RESULTS Of 64 061 eligible participants, 49 695 (average age 83.6 years ± 5.6) completed the COVID-19 survey (response rate 77.6%). Many participants reported very good or good well-being (75.6%). Respondents reported being very concerned about the pandemic (51.1%; more common in urban compared to rural areas), with 6.9% reporting disruptions in living arrangements and 9.7% reporting changes in medication access. Participants (54.4%) reported physical activity levels were much less or somewhat less compared to levels before the pandemic, and this was more pronounced in urban areas versus rural areas (55.3% vs 44.4%). Participants engaged in preventive behaviors including wearing a face mask (93.2%). A total of 18.9% reported testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), among whom 3.5% (n = 311) reported testing positive. CONCLUSIONS In this nationwide survey of older U.S. women, the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with impacts on health and well-being, living situations, lifestyle, health care access, and SARS-CoV-2 testing and preventive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang VoPham
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Holly R Harris
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lesley F Tinker
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jaymie R Meliker
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Aladdin H Shadyab
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nazmus Saquib
- Sulaiman Al Rajhi University, College of Medicine, Al Bukairiyah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Garnet L Anderson
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sally A Shumaker
- Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
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Gulati A, Lalchandani P, Auchus I, Grandi J, Clelland E, Chen P. A student-led telephone-based clinical learning program for outreach to older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2022; 70:E30-E33. [PMID: 36527413 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arushi Gulati
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Pooja Lalchandani
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Isabella Auchus
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Janice Grandi
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Elle Clelland
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Pei Chen
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Division of General Internal Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA
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