51
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Bai J, Yang E, Chang PS, Ryu S. Preparation and characterization of endolysin-containing liposomes and evaluation of their antimicrobial activities against gram-negative bacteria. Enzyme Microb Technol 2019; 128:40-48. [PMID: 31186109 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The overuse and misuse of antibiotics in treating bacterial infections cause the rapid emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, suggesting that the development of alternative strategies to control antibiotic-resistant bacteria is urgently needed. Endolysins are bacteriophage-encoded enzymes that can degrade peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls, and they have great potential as alternative antimicrobial agents. However, exogenous application of recombinant endolysin is limited to Gram-positive bacteria because endolysins cannot penetrate the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Here, a liposome-mediated endolysin encapsulation system was developed, and its ability to penetrate the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria was tested. The phage-derived endolysin BSP16Lys was isolated, characterized, and used for encapsulation into a cationic liposome comprised of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), cholesterol, and hexadecylamine. The BSP16Lys-encapsulated liposome had a high zeta potential value (over 30 mV) with an average diameter of 303 nm. The encapsulation efficiency of BSP16Lys into the liposome was 35.27%. Salmonella Typhimuriumand Escherichia coli cells treated with BSP16Lys-encapsulated liposomes showed 2.2-log CFU/mL and 1.6-log CFU/mL reductions in the viable cell numbers, respectively, without treatment of a membrane permeabilizer. These results showed potential for liposome-mediated delivery of endolysin for exogenous application against Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoo Bai
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhye Yang
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Pahn-Shick Chang
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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52
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Farha MA, Brown ED. Drug repurposing for antimicrobial discovery. Nat Microbiol 2019; 4:565-577. [PMID: 30833727 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0357-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance continues to be a public threat on a global scale. The ongoing need to develop new antimicrobial drugs that are effective against multi-drug-resistant pathogens has spurred the research community to invest in various drug discovery strategies, one of which is drug repurposing-the process of finding new uses for existing drugs. While still nascent in the antimicrobial field, the approach is gaining traction in both the public and private sector. While the approach has particular promise in fast-tracking compounds into clinical studies, it nevertheless has substantial obstacles to success. This Review covers the art of repurposing existing drugs for antimicrobial purposes. We discuss enabling screening platforms for antimicrobial discovery and present encouraging findings of novel antimicrobial therapeutic strategies. Also covered are general advantages of repurposing over de novo drug development and challenges of the strategy, including scientific, intellectual property and regulatory issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya A Farha
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric D Brown
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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53
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Gajdács M. The Concept of an Ideal Antibiotic: Implications for Drug Design. Molecules 2019; 24:E892. [PMID: 30832456 PMCID: PMC6429336 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens is a major public health issue, which requires global action of an intersectoral nature. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens-especially "ESKAPE" bacteria-can withstand lethal doses of antibiotics with various chemical structures and mechanisms of action. Pharmaceutical companies are increasingly turning away from participating in the development of new antibiotics, due to the regulatory environment and the financial risks. There is an urgent need for innovation in antibiotic research, as classical discovery platforms (e.g., mining soil Streptomycetes) are no longer viable options. In addition to discovery platforms, a concept of an ideal antibiotic should be postulated, to act as a blueprint for future drugs, and to aid researchers, pharmaceutical companies, and relevant stakeholders in selecting lead compounds. Based on 150 references, the aim of this review is to summarize current advances regarding the challenges of antibiotic drug discovery and the specific attributes of an ideal antibacterial drug (a prodrug or generally reactive compound with no specific target, broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, adequate penetration through the Gram-negative cell wall, activity in biofilms and in hard-to-treat infections, accumulation in macrophages, availability for oral administration, and for use in sensitive patient groups).
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Affiliation(s)
- Márió Gajdács
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
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54
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55
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Christoff RM, Gardhi CK, Soares da Costa TP, Perugini MA, Abbott BM. Pursuing DHDPS: an enzyme of unrealised potential as a novel antibacterial target. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9md00107g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
DHDPS represents a novel enzyme target for the development of new antibiotics to combat multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. Christoff
- Department of Chemistry and Physics
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science
- La Trobe University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Chamodi K. Gardhi
- Department of Chemistry and Physics
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science
- La Trobe University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Tatiana P. Soares da Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science
- La Trobe University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Matthew A. Perugini
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science
- La Trobe University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Belinda M. Abbott
- Department of Chemistry and Physics
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science
- La Trobe University
- Melbourne
- Australia
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56
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de Oliveira-Júnior RG, Alves Ferraz CA, Pontes MC, Cavalcante NB, da Cruz Araújo EC, de Oliveira AP, Picot L, Rolim LA, da Silva Almeida JRG. Antibacterial activity of terpenoids isolated from Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl (Euphorbiaceae), a Brazilian medicinal plant from Caatinga biome. Eur J Integr Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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57
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Pujol E, Blanco-Cabra N, Julián E, Leiva R, Torrents E, Vázquez S. Pentafluorosulfanyl-containing Triclocarban Analogs with Potent Antimicrobial Activity. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112853. [PMID: 30400165 PMCID: PMC6278391 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Concerns have been raised about the long-term accumulating effects of triclocarban, a polychlorinated diarylurea widely used as an antibacterial soap additive, in the environment and in human beings. Indeed, the Food and Drug Administration has recently banned it from personal care products. Herein, we report the synthesis, antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of novel N,N′-diarylureas as triclocarban analogs, designed by reducing one or more chlorine atoms of the former and/or replacing them by the novel pentafluorosulfanyl group, a new bioisostere of the trifluoromethyl group, with growing importance in drug discovery. Interestingly, some of these pentafluorosulfanyl-bearing ureas exhibited high potency, broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacterial pathogens, and high selectivity index, while displaying a lower spontaneous mutation frequency than triclocarban. Some lines of evidence suggest a bactericidal mode of action for this family of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugènia Pujol
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Núria Blanco-Cabra
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapies, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Esther Julián
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Rosana Leiva
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Eduard Torrents
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapies, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Santiago Vázquez
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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58
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Hamblin MR. Fullerenes as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy: pros and cons. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:1515-1533. [PMID: 30043032 PMCID: PMC6224300 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00195b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
One class of carbon nanomaterials is the closed cages known as fullerenes. The first member to be discovered in 1985 was C60, called "buckminsterfullerene" as its cage structure resembled a geodesic dome. Due to their extended π-conjugation they absorb visible light, possess a high triplet yield and can generate reactive oxygen species upon illumination, suggesting a possible role of fullerenes in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Pristine C60 is highly hydrophobic and prone to aggregation, necessitating functionalization to provide aqueous solubility and biocompatibility. The most common functional groups attached are anionic (carboxylic or sulfonic acids) or cationic (various quaternary ammonium groups). Depending on the functionalization, these fullerenes can be designed to be taken up into cancer cells, or to bind to microbial cells (Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, fungi). Fullerenes can be excited with a wide range of wavelengths, UVA, blue, green or white light. We have reported a series of functionalized fullerenes (C60, C70, C82) with attached polycationic chains and additional light-harvesting antennae that can be used in vitro and in animal models of localized infections. Advantages of fullerenes as photosensitizers are: (a) versatile functionalization; (b) light-harvesting antennae; (c) ability to undergo Type 1, 2, and 3 photochemistry; (d) electron transfer can lead to oxygen-independent photokilling; (e) antimicrobial activity can be potentiated by inorganic salts; (f) can self-assemble into supramolecular fullerosomes; (g) components of theranostic nanoparticles; (h) high resistance to photobleaching. Disadvantages include: (a) highly hydrophobic and prone to aggregation; (b) overall short wavelength absorption; (c) relatively high molecular weight; (d) paradoxically can be anti-oxidants; (e) lack of fluorescence emission for imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. and Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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59
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Pasero C, D'Agostino I, De Luca F, Zamperini C, Deodato D, Truglio GI, Sannio F, Del Prete R, Ferraro T, Visaggio D, Mancini A, Guglielmi MB, Visca P, Docquier JD, Botta M. Alkyl-guanidine Compounds as Potent Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Agents: Chemical Library Extension and Biological Characterization. J Med Chem 2018; 61:9162-9176. [PMID: 30265809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the increasing of multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria represents a serious threat to public health, and the lack of new antibiotics is becoming a global emergency. Therefore, research in antibacterial fields is urgently needed to expand the currently available arsenal of drugs. We have recently reported an alkyl-guanidine derivative (2), characterized by a symmetrical dimeric structure, as a good candidate for further developments, with a high antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains. In this study, starting from its chemical scaffold, we synthesized a small library of analogues. Moreover, biological and in vitro pharmacokinetic characterizations were conducted on some selected derivatives, revealing notable properties: broad-spectrum profile, activity against resistant clinical isolates, and appreciable aqueous solubility. Interestingly, 2 seems neither to select for resistant strains nor to macroscopically alter the membranes, but further studies are required to determine the mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Pasero
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy , University of Siena , I-53100 Siena , Italy
| | - Ilaria D'Agostino
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy , University of Siena , I-53100 Siena , Italy
| | - Filomena De Luca
- Department of Medical Biotechnology , University of Siena , I-53100 Siena , Italy
| | - Claudio Zamperini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy , University of Siena , I-53100 Siena , Italy.,Lead Discovery Siena s.r.l. , Via Vittorio Alfieri 31 , I-53019 Castelnuovo Berardenga , Italy
| | - Davide Deodato
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy , University of Siena , I-53100 Siena , Italy
| | - Giuseppina I Truglio
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy , University of Siena , I-53100 Siena , Italy
| | - Filomena Sannio
- Department of Medical Biotechnology , University of Siena , I-53100 Siena , Italy
| | - Rosita Del Prete
- Department of Medical Biotechnology , University of Siena , I-53100 Siena , Italy
| | - Teresa Ferraro
- Lead Discovery Siena s.r.l. , Via Vittorio Alfieri 31 , I-53019 Castelnuovo Berardenga , Italy
| | - Daniela Visaggio
- Department of Sciences , Roma Tre University , Rome 00146 , Italy
| | - Arianna Mancini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy , University of Siena , I-53100 Siena , Italy
| | | | - Paolo Visca
- Department of Sciences , Roma Tre University , Rome 00146 , Italy
| | - Jean-Denis Docquier
- Department of Medical Biotechnology , University of Siena , I-53100 Siena , Italy.,Lead Discovery Siena s.r.l. , Via Vittorio Alfieri 31 , I-53019 Castelnuovo Berardenga , Italy
| | - Maurizio Botta
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy , University of Siena , I-53100 Siena , Italy.,Lead Discovery Siena s.r.l. , Via Vittorio Alfieri 31 , I-53019 Castelnuovo Berardenga , Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine , Temple University , BioLife Science Building, Suite 333, 1900 North 12th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
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60
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Schnaars C, Kildahl-Andersen G, Prandina A, Popal R, Radix S, Le Borgne M, Gjøen T, Andresen AMS, Heikal A, Økstad OA, Fröhlich C, Samuelsen Ø, Lauksund S, Jordheim LP, Rongved P, Åstrand OAH. Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of TPA-Based Zinc Chelators as Metallo-β-lactamase Inhibitors. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:1407-1422. [PMID: 30022668 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) worldwide and the increasing spread of multi-drug-resistant organisms expressing metallo-β-lactamases (MBL) require the development of efficient and clinically available MBL inhibitors. At present, no such inhibitor is available, and research is urgently needed to advance this field. We report herein the development, synthesis, and biological evaluation of chemical compounds based on the selective zinc chelator tris-picolylamine (TPA) that can restore the bactericidal activity of Meropenem (MEM) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae expressing carbapenemases Verona integron-encoded metallo-β-lactamase (VIM-2) and New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 (NDM-1), respectively. These adjuvants were prepared via standard chemical methods and evaluated in biological assays for potentiation of MEM against bacteria and toxicity (IC50) against HepG2 human liver carcinoma cells. One of the best compounds, 15, lowered the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of MEM by a factor of 32-256 at 50 μM within all tested MBL-expressing clinical isolates and showed no activity toward serine carbapenemase expressing isolates. Biochemical assays with purified VIM-2 and NDM-1 and 15 resulted in inhibition kinetics with kinact/ KI of 12.5 min-1 mM-1 and 0.500 min-1 mM-1, respectively. The resistance frequency of 15 at 50 μM was in the range of 10-7 to 10-9. 15 showed good tolerance in HepG2 cells with an IC50 well above 100 μM, and an in vivo study in mice showed no acute toxic effects even at a dose of 128 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anthony Prandina
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Faculté de
Pharmacie - ISPB, EA 4446 Bioactive Molecules and Medicinal Chemistry,
SFR Santé Lyon-Est CNRS UMS3453 - INSERM US7, 69373 Lyon Cedex 8, France
| | | | - Sylvie Radix
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Faculté de
Pharmacie - ISPB, EA 4446 Bioactive Molecules and Medicinal Chemistry,
SFR Santé Lyon-Est CNRS UMS3453 - INSERM US7, 69373 Lyon Cedex 8, France
| | - Marc Le Borgne
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Faculté de
Pharmacie - ISPB, EA 4446 Bioactive Molecules and Medicinal Chemistry,
SFR Santé Lyon-Est CNRS UMS3453 - INSERM US7, 69373 Lyon Cedex 8, France
| | | | | | - Adam Heikal
- Centre for Integrative
Microbial Evolution (CIME), Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Andreas Økstad
- Centre for Integrative
Microbial Evolution (CIME), Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christopher Fröhlich
- Norwegian National
Advisory Unit on Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
- NorStruct, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology,
SIVA Innovation Centre, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ørjan Samuelsen
- Norwegian National
Advisory Unit on Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Pharmacy, UiT − The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Silje Lauksund
- Norwegian National
Advisory Unit on Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lars Petter Jordheim
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM
1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche
en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon 69008, France
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61
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Renwick M, Mossialos E. What are the economic barriers of antibiotic R&D and how can we overcome them? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2018; 13:889-892. [PMID: 30175625 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2018.1515908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Renwick
- a Department of Health Policy , London School of Economics and Political Science , London , UK
| | - Elias Mossialos
- a Department of Health Policy , London School of Economics and Political Science , London , UK
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62
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Zeninskaya NA, Kolesnikov AV, Ryabko AK, Shemyakin IG, Dyatlov IA, Kozyr AV. [Aptamers in the Treatment of Bacterial Infections: Problems and Prospects]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 71:350-8. [PMID: 29297663 DOI: 10.15690/vramn591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Aptamers are short single-stranded oligonucleotides which are selected via targeted chemical evolution in vitro to bind a molecular target of interest. The aptamer selection technology is designated as SELEX (Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment). SELEX enables isolation of oligonucleotide aptamers binding a wide range of targets of interest with little respect for their nature and molecular weight. A number of applications of aptamer selection were developed ranging from biosensor technologies to antitumor drug discovery. First aptamer-based pharmaceutical (Macugen) was approved by FDA for clinical use in 2004, and since then more than ten aptamer-based drugs undergo various phases of clinical trials. From the medicinal chemist’s point of view, aptamers represent a new class of molecules suitable for the development of new therapeutics. Due to the stability, relative synthesis simplicity, and development of advanced strategies of target specific molecular selection, aptamers attract increased attention of drug discovery community. Difficulties of the development of next-generation antibiotics basing on the conventional basis of combinatorial chemistry and high-throughput screening have also amplified the interest to aptamer-based therapeutic candidates. The present article reviews the investigations focused on the development of antibacterial aptamers and discusses the potential and current limitations of the use of this type of therapeutic molecules.
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63
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Parmar A, Lakshminarayanan R, Iyer A, Mayandi V, Leng Goh ET, Lloyd DG, Chalasani MLS, Verma NK, Prior SH, Beuerman RW, Madder A, Taylor EJ, Singh I. Design and Syntheses of Highly Potent Teixobactin Analogues against Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) in Vitro and in Vivo. J Med Chem 2018; 61:2009-2017. [PMID: 29363971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The cyclic depsipeptide, teixobactin, kills a number of Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis without detectable resistance. To date, teixobactin is the only molecule in its class that has shown in vivo antibacterial efficacy. In this work, we designed and synthesized 10 new in vivo ready teixobactin analogues. These analogues showed highly potent antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in vitro. One analogue, d-Arg4-Leu10-teixobactin, 2, was found to be noncytotoxic in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, topical instillation of peptide 2 in a mouse model of S. aureus keratitis decreased the bacterial bioburden (>99.0% reduction) and corneal edema significantly as compared to untreated mouse corneas. Collectively, our results have established the high therapeutic potential of a teixobactin analogue in attenuating bacterial infections and associated severities in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajamani Lakshminarayanan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia , Discovery Tower Level 6, 20 College Road , 169857 Singapore
| | - Abhishek Iyer
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry , Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 (S4) , Ghent B-9000 , Belgium
| | - Venkatesh Mayandi
- Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia , Discovery Tower Level 6, 20 College Road , 169857 Singapore
| | - Eunice Tze Leng Goh
- Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia , Discovery Tower Level 6, 20 College Road , 169857 Singapore
| | | | | | - Navin K Verma
- Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia , Discovery Tower Level 6, 20 College Road , 169857 Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine , Nanyang Technological University , 636921 Singapore
| | | | - Roger W Beuerman
- Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia , Discovery Tower Level 6, 20 College Road , 169857 Singapore
| | - Annemieke Madder
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry , Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 (S4) , Ghent B-9000 , Belgium
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64
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65
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Boldrin F, Degiacomi G, Serafini A, Kolly GS, Ventura M, Sala C, Provvedi R, Palù G, Cole ST, Manganelli R. Promoter mutagenesis for fine-tuning expression of essential genes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Microb Biotechnol 2017; 11:238-247. [PMID: 29076636 PMCID: PMC5743821 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A range of regulated gene expression systems has been developed for mycobacteria in the last few years to facilitate the study of essential genes, validate novel drug targets and evaluate their vulnerability. Among these, the TetR/Pip-OFF repressible promoter system was successfully used in several mycobacterial species both in vitro and in vivo. In the first version of the system, the repressible promoter was Pptr , a strong Pip-repressible promoter of Streptomyces pristinaespiralis, which might hamper effective downregulation of genes with a low basal expression level. Here, we report an enhanced system that allows more effective control of genes expressed at low level. To this end, we subjected Pptr to targeted mutagenesis and produced 16 different promoters with different strength. Three of them, weaker than the wild-type promoter, were selected and characterized showing that they can indeed improve the performances of TetR/Pip-OFF repressible system both in vitro and in vivo increasing its stringency. Finally, we used these promoters to construct a series of bacterial biosensors with different sensitivity to DprE1 inhibitors and developed a whole-cell screening assay to identify inhibitors of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Boldrin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Degiacomi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Agnese Serafini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Gaëlle S Kolly
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Global Health Institute, Station 19, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marcello Ventura
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Claudia Sala
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Global Health Institute, Station 19, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roberta Provvedi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Palù
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Stewart T Cole
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Global Health Institute, Station 19, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Manganelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
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66
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Reshaping antibiotics through hydrophobic drug-bile acid ionic complexation enhances activity against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Int J Pharm 2017; 528:144-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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67
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Gao L, Liu X, Zhang D, Xu F, Chen Q, Hong Y, Feng G, Shi Q, Yang B, Xu L. Early diagnosis of bacterial infection in patients with septicopyemia by laboratory analysis of PCT, CRP and IL-6. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:3479-3483. [PMID: 28587428 PMCID: PMC5450606 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the early diagnostic values of measuring procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 (lL-6) levels in patients with bacterial infections and septicopyemia. Ninety-two patients with septicopyemia who were diagnosed and treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University between December 2012 and October 2013 were randomly selected. Based on results of hemoculture, the patients were divided into the Gram-negative bacterial infection group (n=47) and the Gram-positive bacterial infection group (n=45). Immune nephelometry was used for measuring serum CRP levels, electrochemiluminescence assay was used to measure serum PCT and IL-6. The levels of serum CRP, PCT, and IL-6 in the Gram-negative bacterial infection group were significantly higher than in the Gram-positive group. Analysis with Spearman's correlation coefficient showed that there were positive correlations between the levels of PCT and CRP, and between PCT and IL-6 (P<0.05). The diagnosis of Gram-negative bacterial infections was as follows: The area under the PCT curve was 0.974 (P<0.05) with sensitivity and specificity of 96.8 and 93.5%, respectively. The area under the CRP curve was 0.953 (P<0.05) with sensitivity and specificity of 94.2 and 91.7%, respectively. The area under the IL-6 curve was 0.925 (P<0.05) with sensitivity and specificity of 93.6 and 90.5%, respectively. The diagnosis of Gram-negative bacterial infections was as follows: The area under the PCT curve was 0.854 (P<0.05) with sensitivity and specificity of 92.7 and 91.8%, respectively. The area under the CRP curve was 0.832 (P<0.05) with sensitivity and specificity of 90.2 and 89.3%, respectively. The area under the IL-6 curve was 0.817 (P<0.05) with sensitivity and specificity of 89.4 and 81.5%, respectively. In conclusion, PCT, CRP, and lL-6 can act as early diagnostic markers for bacterial infections in patients with septicopyemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China
| | - Xinghui Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Denghai Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Fengxia Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Ye Hong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Gang Feng
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Qin Shi
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China
| | - Limin Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
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68
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Vajs J, Proud C, Brozovic A, Gazvoda M, Lloyd A, Roper DI, Osmak M, Košmrlj J, Dowson CG. Diaryltriazenes as antibacterial agents against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Mycobacterium smegmatis. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 127:223-234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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69
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de Oliveira AS, Llanes LC, Brighente IMC, Nunes RJ, Yunes RA, Máximo Junior N, Baumgart AMK, Aust AN, Cruz AB. New Sulfonamides Derived from Carvacrol: Compounds with High Antibacterial Activity against Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Strains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/jbm.2016.47011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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70
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LaPara TM, Madson M, Borchardt S, Lang KS, Johnson TJ. Multiple Discharges of Treated Municipal Wastewater Have a Small Effect on the Quantities of Numerous Antibiotic Resistance Determinants in the Upper Mississippi River. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:11509-11515. [PMID: 26325533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated multiple discharges of treated wastewater on the quantities of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the Upper Mississippi River. Surface water and treated wastewater samples were collected along the Mississippi River during three different periods of 4 days during the summer of 2012, and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to enumerate several ARGs and related targets. Even though the wastewater effluents contained 75- to 831-fold higher levels of ARGs than the river water, the quantities of ARGs in the Mississippi River did not increase with downstream distance. Plasmids from the incompatibility group A/C were detected at low levels in the wastewater effluents but not in the river water; synthetic DNA containing an ampicillin resistance gene (bla) from cloning vectors was not detected in either the wastewater effluent or river samples. A simple 1D model suggested that the primary reason for the small impact of the wastewater discharges on ARG levels was the large flow rate of the Mississippi River compared to that of the wastewater discharges. Furthermore, this model generally overpredicted the ARG levels in the Mississippi River, suggesting that substantial loss mechanisms (e.g., decay or deposition) were occurring in the river.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M LaPara
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Matthew Madson
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Spencer Borchardt
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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71
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Wall EA, Caufield JH, Lyons CE, Manning KA, Dokland T, Christie GE. Specific N-terminal cleavage of ribosomal protein L27 in Staphylococcus aureus and related bacteria. Mol Microbiol 2014; 95:258-69. [PMID: 25388641 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ribosomal protein L27 is a component of the eubacterial large ribosomal subunit that has been shown to play a critical role in substrate stabilization during protein synthesis. This function is mediated by the L27 N-terminus, which protrudes into the peptidyl transferase center. In this report, we demonstrate that L27 in Staphylococcus aureus and other Firmicutes is encoded with an N-terminal extension that is not present in most Gram-negative organisms and is absent from mature ribosomes. We have identified a cysteine protease, conserved among bacteria containing the L27 N-terminal extension, which performs post-translational cleavage of L27. Ribosomal biology in eubacteria has largely been studied in the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli; our findings indicate that there are aspects of the basic biology of the ribosome in S. aureus and other related bacteria that differ substantially from that of the E. coli ribosome. This research lays the foundation for the development of new therapeutic approaches that target this novel pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A Wall
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
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72
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Zumla A, Memish ZA, Maeurer M, Bates M, Mwaba P, Al-Tawfiq JA, Denning DW, Hayden FG, Hui DS. Emerging novel and antimicrobial-resistant respiratory tract infections: new drug development and therapeutic options. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2014; 14:1136-1149. [PMID: 25189352 PMCID: PMC7106460 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(14)70828-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens for which diminishing treatment options are available is of major global concern. New viral respiratory tract infections with epidemic potential, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome, swine-origin influenza A H1N1, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection, require development of new antiviral agents. The substantial rise in the global numbers of patients with respiratory tract infections caused by pan-antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and multiazole-resistant fungi has focused attention on investments into development of new drugs and treatment regimens. Successful treatment outcomes for patients with respiratory tract infections across all health-care settings will necessitate rapid, precise diagnosis and more effective and pathogen-specific therapies. This Series paper describes the development and use of new antimicrobial agents and immune-based and host-directed therapies for a range of conventional and emerging viral, bacterial, and fungal causes of respiratory tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alimuddin Zumla
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals, London, UK; University of Zambia-University College London Research and Training Project, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; Global Center for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziad A Memish
- Global Center for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Al-Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Markus Maeurer
- Therapeutic Immunology, Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthew Bates
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK; University of Zambia-University College London Research and Training Project, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Peter Mwaba
- University of Zambia-University College London Research and Training Project, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David W Denning
- National Aspergillosis Centre, University Hospital South Manchester, University of South Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Frederick G Hayden
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - David S Hui
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Stanley Ho Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong.
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73
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Hughes D. Selection and evolution of resistance to antimicrobial drugs. IUBMB Life 2014; 66:521-9. [PMID: 24933583 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The overuse and misuse of antibiotics over many years has selected a high frequency of resistance among medically important bacterial pathogens. The evolution of resistance is complex, frequently involving multiple genetic alterations that minimize biological fitness costs and/or increase the resistance level. Resistance is selected at very low drug concentrations, such as found widely distributed in the environment, and this selects for resistant mutants with a high fitness. Once resistance with high fitness is established in a community it is very difficult to reduce its frequency. Addressing the problem of resistance is essential if we are to ensure a future where we can continue to enjoy effective medical control of bacterial infections. This will require several actions including the discovery and development of novel antibiotics, the creation of a continuous pipeline of drug discovery, and the implementation of effective global antibiotic stewardship to reduce the misuse of antibiotics and their release into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diarmaid Hughes
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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