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Liu Z, Liu Z, Zhou X, Lu Y, Yao Y, Wang W, Lu S, Wang B, Li F, Fu W. A glycolysis-related two-gene risk model that can effectively predict the prognosis of patients with rectal cancer. Hum Genomics 2022; 16:5. [PMID: 35109912 PMCID: PMC8812245 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-022-00377-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aerobic glycolysis is an emerging hallmark of cancer. Although some studies have constructed glycolysis-related prognostic models of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, whether the COAD glycolysis-related prognostic model is appropriate for distinguishing the prognosis of rectal adenocarcinoma (READ) patients remains unknown. Exploring critical and specific glycolytic genes related to READ prognosis may help us discover new potential therapeutic targets for READ patients. Results Three gene sets, HALLMARK_GLYCOLYSIS, REACTOME_GLYCOLYSIS and REACTOME_REGULATION_OF_GLYCOLYSIS_BY_FRUCTOSE_2_6_BISPHOSPHATE_METABOLISM, were both significantly enriched in both COAD and READ through glycolysis-related gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). We found that six genes (ANKZF1, STC2, SUCLG2P2, P4HA1, GPC1 and PCK1) were independent prognostic genes in COAD, while TSTA3 and PKP2 were independent prognostic genes in READ. Glycolysis-related prognostic model of COAD and READ was, respectively, constructed and assessed in COAD and READ. We found that the glycolysis-related prognostic model of COAD was not appropriate for READ, while glycolysis-related prognostic model of READ was more appropriate for READ than for COAD. PCA and t-SNE analysis confirmed that READ patients in two groups (high and low risk score groups) were distributed in discrete directions based on the glycolysis-related prognostic model of READ. We found that this model was an independent prognostic indicator through multivariate Cox analysis, and it still showed robust effectiveness in different age, gender, M stage, and TNM stage. A nomogram combining the risk model of READ with clinicopathological characteristics was established to provide oncologists with a practical tool to evaluate the rectal cancer outcomes. GO enrichment and KEGG analyses confirmed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in several glycolysis-related molecular functions or pathways based on glycolysis-related prognostic model of READ. Conclusions We found that a glycolysis-related prognostic model of COAD was not appropriate for READ, and we established a novel glycolysis-related two-gene risk model to effectively predict the prognosis of rectal cancer patients.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40246-022-00377-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhentao Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiation Sickness, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqu Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Yao
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiation Sickness, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wendong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyi Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingyan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Salami R, Salami M, Mafi A, Vakili O, Asemi Z. Circular RNAs and glioblastoma multiforme: focus on molecular mechanisms. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:13. [PMID: 35090496 PMCID: PMC8796413 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00809-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), as a deadly and almost incurable brain cancer, is the most invasive form of CNS tumors that affects both children and adult population. It accounts for approximately half of all primary brain tumors. Despite the remarkable advances in neurosurgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapeutic approaches, cell heterogeneity and numerous genetic alterations in cell cycle control, cell growth, apoptosis, and cell invasion, result in an undesirable resistance to therapeutic strategies; thereby, the median survival duration for GBM patients is unfortunately still less than two years. Identifying new therapeutics and employing the combination therapies may be considered as wonderful strategies against the GBM. In this regard, circular RNAs (circRNAs), as tumor inhibiting and/or stimulating RNA molecules, can regulate the cancer-developing processes, including cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, invasion, and chemoresistance. Hereupon, these molecules have been introduced as potentially effective therapeutic targets to defeat GBM. The current study aims to investigate the fundamental molecular and cellular mechanisms in association with circRNAs involved in GBM pathogenesis. Among multiple mechanisms, the PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Wnt/β-catenin, and MAPK signaling, angiogenic processes, and metastatic pathways will be thoroughly discussed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of circRNAs in pathophysiology of GBM. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raziyeh Salami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Salami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Alireza Mafi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Omid Vakili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Bahramian S, Sahebi R, Roohinejad Z, Delshad E, Javid N, Amini A, Razavi AE, Shafiee M, Shamsabadi FT. Low expression of LncRNA-CAF attributed to the high expression of HIF1A in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric cancer patients. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:895-905. [PMID: 35040008 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06882-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are major components of tumor microenvironment that stimulate ESCC and GC progression. The LncRNA-CAF, FLJ22447, is located in the vicinity of HIF1A, while their association remains unclear. This study aims to assess the FLJ22447 expression in the ESCC and GC patients and evaluate its association with the HIF1A gene. METHODS Fresh ESCC and GC tumor samples and their adjacent non-tumor tissues were collected from patients who underwent surgery in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran. The expression of FLJ22447, HIF1A, and VEGF was evaluated using qRT-PCR test. The association of their expression with tumor clinicopathological features in ESCC patients was assessed. System biology tools were then applied for the possible biological subsequences of the FLJ22447. RESULTS A significant reduction in FLJ22447 expression was observed in ESCC and GC tissues than adjacent non-tumor tissues, while, the expression of HIF1A and VEGF were increased. Low expression of FLJ22447 was significantly correlated with HIF1A (P = 2.4e-73, R = 0.63) and VEGF (P = 0.00019, R = 0.15) expression. A significant relationship was detected between the high expression of HIF1A and tumor stages (I-II) and it was related to the reduced survival of ESCC patients. Conversely, increased VEGF expression was linked to the advanced stages (III-IV) and metastasis in ESCC. The analysis of FLJ22447-interacted proteins showed that MYC, JUN, SMRCA4, PPARG, AR, FOS, and CEBPA are the hub genes. These proteins were implicated in the cancer related pathways. Among them, SPI1, E2F1, TCF7L2, and STAT1 were significantly expressed in esophageal and gastric cancers that were functionally involved in the proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis pathways in cancer. CONCLUSION The results suggested that FLJ22447 may have a regulatory function on the HIF1A expression. We identified the FLJ22447-interacted proteins and their molecular function in cancer pathogenesis. Further research emphasis is to realize the association of FLJ22447 with its protein partners in progression of cancer. These may provide an insight into the FLJ22447 activity that could introduce it as a potential value in tumor gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabbou Bahramian
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Reza Sahebi
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Roohinejad
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Encieh Delshad
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Naeme Javid
- Department of Microbiology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Amini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Amirnader Emami Razavi
- Iran National Tumor Bank, Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shafiee
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh T Shamsabadi
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran. .,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
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Schmidl D, Jonasson NSW, Menke A, Schneider S, Daumann L. Spectroscopic and in vitro investigations of Fe2+/α-Ketoglutarate-dependent enzymes involved in nucleic acid repair and modification. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202100605. [PMID: 35040547 PMCID: PMC9401043 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The activation of molecular oxygen for the highly selective functionalization and repair of DNA and RNA nucleobases is achieved by α-ketoglutarate (α-KG)/iron-dependent dioxygenases. Enzymes of special interest are the human homologs AlkBH of Escherichia coli EcAlkB and ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes. These enzymes are involved in demethylation or dealkylation of DNA and RNA, although additional physiological functions are continuously being revealed. Given their importance, studying enzyme-substrate interactions, turnover and kinetic parameters is pivotal for the understanding of the mode of action of these enzymes. Diverse analytical methods, including X-ray crystallography, UV/Vis absorption, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), circular dichroism (CD) and NMR spectroscopy have been employed to study the changes in the active site and the overall enzyme structure upon substrate, cofactor and inhibitor addition. Several methods are now available to assess activity of these enzymes. By discussing limitations and possibilities of these techniques for EcAlkB, AlkBH and TET we aim to give a comprehensive synopsis from a bioinorganic point of view, addressing researchers from different disciplines working in the highly interdisciplinary and rapidly evolving field of epigenetic processes and DNA/RNA repair and modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schmidl
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Niko S W Jonasson
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Annika Menke
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Sabine Schneider
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Lena Daumann
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department of Chemistry, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, München, GERMANY
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Uceda-Castro R, van Asperen JV, Vennin C, Sluijs JA, van Bodegraven EJ, Margarido AS, Robe PAJ, van Rheenen J, Hol EM. GFAP splice variants fine-tune glioma cell invasion and tumour dynamics by modulating migration persistence. Sci Rep 2022; 12:424. [PMID: 35013418 PMCID: PMC8748899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04127-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common form of malignant primary brain tumours in adults. Their highly invasive nature makes the disease incurable to date, emphasizing the importance of better understanding the mechanisms driving glioma invasion. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is an intermediate filament protein that is characteristic for astrocyte- and neural stem cell-derived gliomas. Glioma malignancy is associated with changes in GFAP alternative splicing, as the canonical isoform GFAPα is downregulated in higher-grade tumours, leading to increased dominance of the GFAPδ isoform in the network. In this study, we used intravital imaging and an ex vivo brain slice invasion model. We show that the GFAPδ and GFAPα isoforms differentially regulate the tumour dynamics of glioma cells. Depletion of either isoform increases the migratory capacity of glioma cells. Remarkably, GFAPδ-depleted cells migrate randomly through the brain tissue, whereas GFAPα-depleted cells show a directionally persistent invasion into the brain parenchyma. This study shows that distinct compositions of the GFAPnetwork lead to specific migratory dynamics and behaviours of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Uceda-Castro
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessy V van Asperen
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Claire Vennin
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline A Sluijs
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Emma J van Bodegraven
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andreia S Margarido
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre A J Robe
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacco van Rheenen
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Elly M Hol
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Leo M, Lattuada E, Caprara D, Salvatori L, Vecchione A, Sciortino F, Filetici P, Stoppacciaro A. Treatment of kidney clear cell carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma and glioblastoma cell lines with hydrogels made of DNA nanostars. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:1304-1316. [DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01643a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Overcoming the systemic administration of chemotherapy to reduce drug toxicity and the application of personalised medicine are two of the major challenges in the treatment of cancer. To this aim,...
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107
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Abstract
Cancer is a group of diseases in which cells divide continuously and excessively. Cell division is tightly regulated by multiple evolutionarily conserved cell cycle control mechanisms, to ensure the production of two genetically identical cells. Cell cycle checkpoints operate as DNA surveillance mechanisms that prevent the accumulation and propagation of genetic errors during cell division. Checkpoints can delay cell cycle progression or, in response to irreparable DNA damage, induce cell cycle exit or cell death. Cancer-associated mutations that perturb cell cycle control allow continuous cell division chiefly by compromising the ability of cells to exit the cell cycle. Continuous rounds of division, however, create increased reliance on other cell cycle control mechanisms to prevent catastrophic levels of damage and maintain cell viability. New detailed insights into cell cycle control mechanisms and their role in cancer reveal how these dependencies can be best exploited in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen K Matthews
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Cosetta Bertoli
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robertus A M de Bruin
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK.
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.
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108
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Pesch AM, Hirsh NH, Michmerhuizen AR, Jungles KM, Wilder-Romans K, Chandler BC, Liu M, Lerner LM, Nino CA, Ward C, Cobain EF, Lawrence TS, Pierce LJ, Rae JM, Speers CW. RB expression confers sensitivity to CDK4/6 inhibitor-mediated radiosensitization across breast cancer subtypes. JCI Insight 2021; 7:154402. [PMID: 34932500 PMCID: PMC8855810 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.154402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Standard radiation therapy (RT) does not reliably provide locoregional control for women with multinode-positive breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We hypothesized that CDK4/6 inhibition (CDK4/6i) would increase the radiosensitivity not only of estrogen receptor–positive (ER+) cells, but also of TNBC that expresses retinoblastoma (RB) protein. We found that CDK4/6i radiosensitized RB WT TNBC (n = 4, radiation enhancement ratio [rER]: 1.49–2.22) but failed to radiosensitize RB-null TNBC (n = 3, rER: 0.84–1.00). RB expression predicted response to CDK4/6i + RT (R2 = 0.84), and radiosensitization was lost in ER+/TNBC cells (rER: 0.88–1.13) after RB1 knockdown in isogenic and nonisogenic models. CDK4/6i suppressed homologous recombination (HR) in RB WT cells but not in RB-null cells or isogenic models of RB1 loss; HR competency was rescued with RB reexpression. Radiosensitization was independent of nonhomologous end joining and the known effects of CDK4/6i on cell cycle arrest. Mechanistically, RB and RAD51 interact in vitro to promote HR repair. CDK4/6i produced RB-dependent radiosensitization in TNBC xenografts but not in isogenic RB1-null xenografts. Our data provide the preclinical rationale for a clinical trial expanding the use of CDK4/6i + RT to difficult-to-control RB-intact breast cancers (including TNBC) and nominate RB status as a predictive biomarker of therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Pesch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Nicole H Hirsh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Anna R Michmerhuizen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Kassidy M Jungles
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michgan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Kari Wilder-Romans
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Benjamin C Chandler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Meilan Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Lynn M Lerner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Charles A Nino
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Connor Ward
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Erin F Cobain
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Theodore S Lawrence
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Lori J Pierce
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - James M Rae
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Corey W Speers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The successful identification of breast cancer (BRCA) prognostic biomarkers is essential for the strategic interference of BRCA patients. Recently, various methods have been proposed for exploring a small prognostic gene set that can distinguish the high-risk group from the low-risk group. METHODS Regularized Cox proportional hazards (RCPH) models were proposed to discover prognostic biomarkers of BRCA from gene expression data. Firstly, the maximum connected network with 1142 genes by mapping 956 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 677 previously BRCA-related genes into the gene regulatory network (GRN) was constructed. Then, the 72 union genes of the four feature gene sets identified by Lasso-RCPH, Enet-RCPH, [Formula: see text]-RCPH and SCAD-RCPH models were recognized as the robust prognostic biomarkers. These biomarkers were validated by literature checks, BRCA-specific GRN and functional enrichment analysis. Finally, an index of prognostic risk score (PRS) for BRCA was established based on univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Survival analysis was performed to investigate the PRS on 1080 BRCA patients from the internal validation. Particularly, the nomogram was constructed to express the relationship between PRS and other clinical information on the discovery dataset. The PRS was also verified on 1848 BRCA patients of ten external validation datasets or collected cohorts. RESULTS The nomogram highlighted that the importance of PRS in guiding significance for the prognosis of BRCA patients. In addition, the PRS of 301 normal samples and 306 tumor samples from five independent datasets showed that it is significantly higher in tumors than in normal tissues ([Formula: see text]). The protein expression profiles of the three genes, i.e., ADRB1, SAV1 and TSPAN14, involved in the PRS model demonstrated that the latter two genes are more strongly stained in tumor specimens. More importantly, external validation illustrated that the high-risk group has worse survival than the low-risk group ([Formula: see text]) in both internal and external validations. CONCLUSIONS The proposed pipelines of detecting and validating prognostic biomarker genes for BRCA are effective and efficient. Moreover, the proposed PRS is very promising as an important indicator for judging the prognosis of BRCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Zhi-Ping Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China.
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Ebid AHIM, Hossam A, El Gammal MM, Soror S, Mangoud NOM, Mahmoud MA. High dose methotrexate in adult Egyptian patients with hematological malignancies: impact of ABCB1 3435C > T rs1045642 and MTHFR 677C > T rs1801133 polymorphisms on toxicities and delayed elimination. J Chemother 2021; 34:381-390. [PMID: 34895107 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2021.2009723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
High dose methotrexate (HDMTX) is an essential agent in chemotherapeutic regimens used in various hematological malignancies in Egyptian adults. The research for the impact of gene polymorphism on HDMTX induced toxicities and delayed elimination is an important ongoing objective in many studies, variable and conflicting results produced in the past years to clarify that impact. This study aimed to investigate the role of ABCB1 3435 C > T rs1045642 and MTHFR 677 C > T rs1801133 polymorphisms on HDMTX induced toxicity outcomes and delayed elimination in Egyptian adult patients with hematological malignancies. A prospective, observational cohort study was conducted on a total of 62 Egyptian adult patients with hematological malignancies age ≥ 18-years-old. All demographic, medical, and laboratory data were continuously collected from the patients' medical files in an up-to-date follow-up in selected clinics during the period from April 2018 to March 2020. Venous blood samples were collected for the purpose of genotyping, DNA extraction, and measurement of MTX levels. All the relevant data were statistically analyzed. The studied patients' median age was 25 years old with a range of (18-62) years. Forty-six patients were males with about 74%, and 16 were females with about 26%. Eighty-nine percent of the patients diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia 'ALL', 5% of the patients had B cell non-hodgkin lymphoma 'B-NHL' and 3% diagnosed with primary central nervous system lymphoma 'PCNSL' and Burkitt's lymphoma 'BL' Hematological, hepatic, renal and gastrointestinal toxicities observed post-HDMTX were recorded with the hematological toxicities toping on all the others, also patients with delayed elimination at 72 hours post the HDMTX dose were determined. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between ABCB1 3435 C > T rs1045642 and HDMTX delayed elimination with about 10 times higher risk among the minor allele 'T' carriers (p-value = 0.006) (odds ratio [OR]: 10.470; 95% CI: 1.961-55.904). No significant association observed between the studied gene polymorphisms: MTHFR 677 C > T rs1801133, ABCB1 3435 C > T rs1045642, and different toxicity outcomes. According to our best knowledge, this study is the first to conclude a significant association between ABCB1 3435 C > T rs1045642 gene polymorphism and HDMTX delayed elimination at 72 hours post HDMTX infusion; also, it is the first study to analyze the association between ABCB1 3435 C > T rs1045642 polymorphism with HDMTX toxicity and delayed elimination in adult Egyptian patients with hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Hameed I M Ebid
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hossam
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Sameh Soror
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nadia O M Mangoud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Adel Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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He X, Qi Y, Zhang X, Liu X, Li X, Li S, Wu Y, Zhang Q. Current landscape of tumor-derived exosomal ncRNAs in glioma progression, detection, and drug resistance. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1145. [PMID: 34887381 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04430-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common and fatal tumor of the central nervous system in humans. Despite advances in surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapeutic agents, glioma still has a poor prognosis. The tumor microenvironment (TME) of glioma is of highly complex heterogeneity, which relies on a network-based communication between glioma cells and other stromal cell types. Exosomes are the most common type of naturally occurring extracellular vesicles, ranging in size from 40 to 160 nm, and can serve as carriers for proteins, RNAs, and other biologically active molecules. Recent evidence has shown that glioma-derived exosomes (GDEs) can be integrally detected in the local tissue and circulatory blood samples, and also can be transferred to recipient cells to mediate transmission of genetic information. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) mainly including microRNA, long non-coding RNA, and circular RNA, account for a large portion of the human transcriptome. A broad range of ncRNAs encapsulated in GDEs is reported to exert regulatory functions in various pathophysiological processes of glioma. Herein, this review summarizes the latest findings on the fundamental roles of GDE ncRNAs that have been implicated in glioma behaviors, immunological regulation, diagnosis potential, and treatment resistance, as well as the current limitations and perspectives. Undoubtedly, a thorough understanding of this area will provide comprehensive insights into GDE-based clinical applications for combating gliomas.
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He P, Sheng J, Qi J, Bai X, Li J, Wang F, Yuan Y, Zheng X. STAT3-induced NCK1 elevation promotes migration of triple-negative breast cancer cells via regulating ERK1/2 signaling. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:267-278. [PMID: 34846647 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06868-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noncatalytic region of tyrosine kinase 1 (NCK1) plays a key role in extracellular matrix degradation, which is required for the metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the role NCK1 plays in the metastatic progression of TNBC is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Based on online databases, NCK1 was found to be highly expressed in TNBC as compared to normal breast-like subjects, which was also confirmed using TNBC cells and a tissue microarray. NCK1 expression gradually decreased with increased tumor stage. High NCK1 expression displayed a poor prognosis in lymph node-positive metastatic TNBC patients, but not in lymph node-negative patients. Using transwell assays and immunoblotting, we confirmed that NCK1 overexpression promoted, while NCK1 downregulation inhibited migration capabilities, as well as the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2/9), uridylyl phosphate adenosine, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in TNBC cells. Mechanistically, NCK1 upregulation mediated the activation of MMP2/9 through ERK1/2 activity. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was positively correlated with NCK1. STAT3 could directly bind to the promoter region of NCK1 to promote its expression and was accompanied by the elevation of MMP2/9 and ERK1/2 signaling, which were partially abolished by the knockdown of NCK1 in TNBC cells. CONCLUSIONS NCK1 may serve as a diagnostic and prognostic marker of metastatic TNBC. STAT3 upregulation promoted the expression of NCK1, which subsequently induced the migration and activity of MMPs in a ERK1/2 signaling-dependent manner in TNBC cells. NCK1 is a promising target for improving TNBC migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peina He
- Department of Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Chongwen Rd., Xincheng District, Pingdingshan, 467092, China
| | - Jianyun Sheng
- Department of Gynecotokology, Pingdingshan First People's Hospital, Pingdingshan, 410402, China
| | - Jinxu Qi
- Department of Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Chongwen Rd., Xincheng District, Pingdingshan, 467092, China
| | - Xianguang Bai
- Department of Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Chongwen Rd., Xincheng District, Pingdingshan, 467092, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Department of Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Chongwen Rd., Xincheng District, Pingdingshan, 467092, China
| | - Fubao Wang
- Department of Gynecotokology, Pingdingshan First People's Hospital, Pingdingshan, 410402, China
| | - Yamin Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Chongwen Rd., Xincheng District, Pingdingshan, 467092, China
| | - Xinhua Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Chongwen Rd., Xincheng District, Pingdingshan, 467092, China.
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Li Y, Ji X, Wu S, Zhang Y, Zhu M, Gao E. Synthesis, DNA binding, apoptosis and molecular docking of a Mn(II) complex constructed by 2-(1,2,4-Triazol-1-yl)-4-picolinic acid. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021; 133:108946. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.108946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Maroufi NF, Rashidi M, Vahedian V, Jahanbazi R, Mostafaei S, Akbarzadeh M, Kazemzadeh H, Nejabati HR, Isazadeh A, Rashidi MR, Nouri M. Effect of Apatinib plus melatonin on vasculogenic mimicry formation by cancer stem cells from breast cancer cell line. Breast Cancer 2021; 29:260-273. [PMID: 34725795 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-021-01310-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is one of the most important causes of breast cancer metastasis and resistance against drugs. The cancer stem cells (CSCs) are known as essential factors for VM formation. In this study, the effects of melatonin, Apatinib, and a combination of Apatinib/melatonin on VM formation were investigated by breast CSCs from breast cancer cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS The percentage of CSCs was determined in two breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) by flow cytometry. The effects of Apatinib, melatonin, and a combination of Apatinib/melatonin were evaluated on proliferation and viability, migration and invasion, apoptosis, and VM formation in MDA-MB-231 cells. Moreover, expression levels of the involved proteins in cancer cell proliferation and viability, CSCs, migration and invasion, and VM formation were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting methods. RESULTS Results of the present study showed that melatonin and Apatinib reduced survival rate of CSCs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Apatinib, melatonin, and a combination of Apatinib/melatonin inhibited proliferation of breast CSCs (P ≤ 0.001). Formation of VM was decreased in the MDA-MB-231 cancer cell line treated with Apatinib and combination of Apatinib/melatonin. Apatinib and combination of Apatinib/melatonin reduced invasion of breast CSCs (P ≤ 0.0001). Expression of vascular endothelial VE-cadherin, ephrinA2 receptor (EPHA2), p-PI3K/phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) and phospho-AKT (p-AKT)/AKT ratios was decreased under the influence of Apatinib and a combination of Apatinib/melatonin (P ≤ 0.01). CONCLUSION Apatinib or a combination of Apatinib/melatonin may be used to manage patients with breast cancer. However, further studies are needed to identify anti-cancer mechanisms of melatonin and Apatinib for better management of the patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazila Fathi Maroufi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Vahid Vahedian
- Researchers Club of Tums Preclinical Core Facility (TPCF), Tehran University of Medical Science (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Raheleh Jahanbazi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Falavarjan branch, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Akbarzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hamid Kazemzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid-Reza Nejabati
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Isazadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Rashidi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Wattanathamsan O, Pongrakhananon V. Post-translational modifications of tubulin: their role in cancers and the regulation of signaling molecules. Cancer Gene Ther 2021. [PMID: 34671113 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules play an important role in regulating several vital cellular activities, including cell division and tissue organization, through their dynamic protofilament network. In addition to forming the cytoskeleton, microtubules regulate the intracellular trafficking of cytoplasmic components and various signaling molecules, depending on the presence of post-transitional modifications (PTMs) and binding proteins. Accumulating evidence indicates the significant role of microtubule PTMs on cancer behavior. The PTMs that frequently occur on microtubules include acetylation, detyrosination, tyrosination, polyglutamylation, and polyglycylation. Alterations in these PTMs cause global effects on intracellular signal transduction, strongly linked to cancer pathogenesis. This review provides an update on the role of microtubule PTMs in cancer aggressiveness, particularly regarding cell death, sensitivity to chemotherapy, cell migration, and invasion. Additionally, it provides a mechanistic explanation of the molecular signaling pathways involved. This information might prove useful for predictive or therapeutic purposes.
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Foruzandeh Z, Zeinali-Sehrig F, Nejati K, Rahmanpour D, Pashazadeh F, Seif F, Alivand MR. CircRNAs as potent biomarkers in ovarian cancer: a systematic scoping review. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2021; 26:41. [PMID: 34556024 PMCID: PMC8461915 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-021-00284-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
More powerful prognostic and diagnostic tools are urgently needed for identifying and treating ovarian cancer (OC), which is the most fatal malignancy in women in developed countries. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are conservative and stable looped molecules that can regulate gene expression by competing with other endogenous microRNA sponges. This discovery provided new insight into novel methods for regulating genes that are involved in many disorders and cancers. This review focuses on the dysregulated expression of circRNAs as well as their diagnostic and prognostic values in OC. We found that studies have identified twenty-one downregulated circRNAs and fifty-seven upregulated ones. The results of these studies confirm that circRNAs might be potent biomarkers with diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic target value for OC. We also consider the connection between circRNAs and OC cell proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Foruzandeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zeinali-Sehrig
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kazem Nejati
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Dara Rahmanpour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fariba Pashazadeh
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Seif
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Alivand
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
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Ameli-Mojarad M, Ameli-Mojarad M, Hadizadeh M, Young C, Babini H, Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad E, Bonab MA. The effective function of circular RNA in colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:496. [PMID: 34535136 PMCID: PMC8447721 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 3rd most common type of cancer worldwide. Late detection plays role in one-third of annual mortality due to CRC. Therefore, it is essential to find a precise and optimal diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for the identification and treatment of colorectal tumorigenesis. Covalently closed, circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs, which can have the same function as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, as regulators of splicing and transcription, and as interactors with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Therefore, circRNAs have been investigated as specific targets for diagnostic and prognostic detection of CRC. These non-coding RNAs are also linked to metastasis, proliferation, differentiation, migration, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and drug resistance, illustrating the importance of understanding their involvement in the molecular mechanisms of development and progression of CRC. In this review, we present a detailed summary of recent findings relating to the dysregulation of circRNAs and their potential role in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melika Ameli-Mojarad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Kharrazi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahrooyeh Hadizadeh
- School of Medicine, University of Sunderland, City Campus, Chester Road, Sunderland, SR1 3SD UK
| | - Chris Young
- Institute of Health & Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Hosna Babini
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maziar Ashrafian Bonab
- School of Medicine, University of Sunderland, City Campus, Chester Road, Sunderland, SR1 3SD UK
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Bae Y, Lee J, Kho C, Choi JS, Han J. Apoptin gene delivery by a PAMAM dendrimer modified with a nuclear localization signal peptide as a gene carrier for brain cancer therapy. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 25:467-478. [PMID: 34448464 PMCID: PMC8405440 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2021.25.5.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to synthesize PAMAMG3 derivatives (PAMAMG3-KRRR and PAMAMG3-HKRRR), using KRRR peptides as a nuclear localization signal and introduced histidine residues into the KRRR-grafted PAMAMG3 for delivering a therapeutic, carcinoma cell-selective apoptosis gene, apoptin into human primary glioma (GBL-14) cells and human dermal fibroblasts. We examined their cytotoxicity and gene expression using luciferase activity and enhanced green fluorescent protein PAMAMG3 derivatives in both cell lines. We treated cells with PAMAMG3 derivative/apoptin complexes and investigated their intracellular distribution using confocal microscopy. The PAMAMG3-KRRR and PAMAMG3-HKRRR dendrimers were found to escape from endolysosomes into the cytosol. The JC-1 assay, glutathione levels, and Annexin V staining results showed that apoptin triggered cell death in GBL-14 cells. Overall, these findings indicated that the PAMAMG3-HKRRR/apoptin complex is a potential candidate for an effective nonviral gene delivery system for brain tumor therapy in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonhee Bae
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Smart Marine Therapeutics Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea.,Division of Applied Medicine, Research Institute for Korea Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan 50612, Korea
| | - Jell Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Changwon Kho
- Division of Applied Medicine, Research Institute for Korea Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan 50612, Korea
| | - Joon Sig Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jin Han
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Smart Marine Therapeutics Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
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Zhuo J, Lu D, Wang J, Lian Z, Zhang J, Li H, Cen B, Wei X, Wei Q, Xie H, Xu X. Molecular phenotypes reveal heterogeneous engraftments of patient-derived hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts. Chin J Cancer Res 2021; 33:470-479. [PMID: 34584372 PMCID: PMC8435819 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2021.04.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models provide a promising preclinical platform for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the molecular features associated with successful engraftment of PDX models have not been revealed. Methods HCC tumor samples from 76 patients were implanted in immunodeficient mice. The molecular expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Patient and tumor characteristics as well as tumor molecular expressions were compared for PDX engraftment using the Chi-square test. The independent prediction parameters were identified by logistic regression analyses. Results The engraftment rate for PDX models from patients with HCC was 39.47% (30/76). Tumors from younger patients and patients with elevated preoperative alpha-fetoprotein level had higher engraftment rates. Tumors with poor differentiation and vascular invasion were related to engraftment success. The positive expression of CK19, CD133, glypican-3 (GPC3), and Ki67 in tumor samples was associated with engraftment success. Logistic regression analyses indicated that GPC3 and Ki67 were two of the strongest predictors of PDX engraftment. Tumors with GPC3/Ki67 phenotypes showed heterogeneous engraftment rates, with 71.9% in GPC3+/Ki67+ tumors, 30.8% in GPC3−/Ki67+ tumors, 15.0% in GPC3+/Ki67− tumors, and 0 in GPC3−/Ki67− tumors.
Conclusions Successful engraftment of HCC PDXs was significantly related to molecular features. Tumors with the GPC3+/Ki67+ phenotype were the most likely to successfully establish HCC PDXs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Zhuo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation; Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Di Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Zhengxing Lian
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation; Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation; Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Huihui Li
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation; Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Beini Cen
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation; Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xuyong Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Haiyang Xie
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation; Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation; Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
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Chen W, Wang L, Li X, Zhao C, Shi L, Zhao H, Huang C. LncRNA SNHG17 regulates cell proliferation and invasion by targeting miR-338-3p/SOX4 axis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:806. [PMID: 34429400 PMCID: PMC8384996 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04093-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Small nucleolar RNA host gene 17 (SNHG17), a novel functional long noncoding RNA, has been demonstrated to play an essential role in the oncogenesis of several tumors. However, for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) the expression pattern and detailed function of SNHG17 are largely unknown. Hence, we conducted this study to explore potential roles and underlying oncogenic mechanisms for SNHG17 in ESCC progression. Results demonstrated SNHG17 to be markedly upregulated in ESCC. Knockdown of SNHG17 significantly suppressed ESCC cell proliferation, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Online database software analysis found miR-338-3p to interact with SNHG17 with the level of miR-338-3p negatively correlated with SNHG17 levels in ESCC samples. Further, miR-338-3p was found to directly target SRY-box transcription factor 4 (SOX4) in ESCC cells. Mechanistic analysis suggested that SNHG17 acts as an endogenous "sponge" competing with miR-338-3p to regulate SOX4, thereby promoting tumor progression. These results suggest that these molecular interactions may be potential therapeutic targets for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhu Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lifang Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Department of Ward Pharmacy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongguang Zhao
- Department of Thoracic surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.
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Amrovani M, Mohammadtaghizadeh M, Aghaali MK, Zamanifard S, Alqasi A, Sanei M. Long Non-coding RNAs: Potential Players in Cardiotoxicity Induced by Chemotherapy Drugs. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2021. [PMID: 34417760 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-021-09681-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
One of the most important side effects of chemotherapy is cardiovascular complications, such as cardiotoxicity. Many factors are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiotoxicity; one of the most important of which is long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). lncRNA has 200-1000 nucleotides. It is involved in important processes such as cell proliferation, regeneration and apoptosis; today it is used as a prognostic and diagnostic factor. A, various drugs by acting on lncRNAs can affect cells. Therefore, by accurately identifying IncRNAs function, we can play an effective role in preventing the development of cardiotoxicity-induced chemotherapy drugs, and use them as a therapeutic strategy to improve clinical symptoms and increase patient survival.
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Velazquez S, Madurga R, Castellano JM, Rodriguez-Pascual J, de Aguiar Diaz Obregon SR, Jimeno S, Montero JI, Wichner PSV, López-Escobar A. Hemogram-derived ratios as prognostic markers of ICU admission in COVID-19. BMC Emerg Med 2021; 21:89. [PMID: 34315437 DOI: 10.1186/s12873-021-00480-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The vast impact of COVID-19 call for the identification of clinical parameter that can help predict a torpid evolution. Among these, endothelial injury has been proposed as one of the main pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the disease, promoting a hyperinflammatory and prothrombotic state leading to worse clinical outcomes. Leukocytes and platelets play a key role in inflammation and thrombogenesis, hence the objective of the current study was to study whether neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelets-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) as well as the new parameter neutrophil-to-platelet ratio (NPR), could help identify patients who at risk of admission at Intensive Care Units. Methods A retrospective observational study was performed at HM Hospitales including electronic health records from 2245 patients admitted due to COVID-19 from March 1 to June 10, 2020. Patients were divided into two groups, admitted at ICU or not. Results Patients who were admitted at the ICU had significantly higher values in all hemogram-derived ratios at the moment of hospital admission compared to those who did not need ICU admission. Specifically, we found significant differences in NLR (6.9 [4–11.7] vs 4.1 [2.6–7.6], p < 0.0001), PLR (2 [1.4–3.3] vs 1.9 [1.3–2.9], p = 0.023), NPR (3 [2.1–4.2] vs 2.3 [1.6–3.2], p < 0.0001) and SII (13 [6.5–25.7] vs 9 [4.9–17.5], p < 0.0001) compared to those who did not require ICU admission. After multivariable logistic regression models, NPR was the hemogram-derived ratio with the highest predictive value of ICU admission, (OR 1.11 (95% CI: 0.98–1.22, p = 0.055). Conclusions Simple, hemogram-derived ratios obtained from early hemogram at hospital admission, especially the novelty NPR, have shown to be useful predictors of risk of ICU admission in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12873-021-00480-w.
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Shabana AM, Xu B, Schneiderman Z, Ma J, Chen CC, Kokkoli E. Targeted Liposomes Encapsulating miR-603 Complexes Enhance Radiation Sensitivity of Patient-Derived Glioblastoma Stem-Like Cells. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081115. [PMID: 34452076 PMCID: PMC8399469 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite potential for clinical efficacy, therapeutic delivery of microRNAs (miRNA) remains a major translational barrier. Here, we explore a strategy for miRNA delivery in the treatment of glioblastoma, the most common form of adult brain cancer, that involves complexation of miRNA with polyethylenimine (PEI) and encapsulation in targeted liposomes. miRNA 603 (miR-603) is a master regulatory miRNA that suppresses glioblastoma radiation resistance through down-regulation of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling. miR-603 was complexed with PEI, a cationic polymer, and encapsulated into liposomes decorated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and PR_b, a fibronectin-mimetic peptide that specifically targets the α5β1 integrin that is overexpressed in glioblastomas. Cultured patient-derived glioblastoma cells internalized PR_b-functionalized liposomes but not the non-targeted liposomes. The integrin targeting and complexation of the miRNA with PEI were associated with a 22-fold increase in intracellular miR-603 levels, and corresponding decreases in IGF1 and IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) mRNA expression. Moreover, treatment of glioblastoma cells with the PR_b liposomes encapsulating miR-603/PEI sensitized the cells to ionizing radiation (IR), a standard of care treatment for glioblastomas. These results suggest that PR_b-functionalized PEGylated liposomes encapsulating miR-603/PEI complexes hold promise as a therapeutic platform for glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Shabana
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (A.M.S.); (Z.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Beibei Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (B.X.); (J.M.)
| | - Zachary Schneiderman
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (A.M.S.); (Z.S.)
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (B.X.); (J.M.)
| | - Clark C. Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (B.X.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence: (C.C.C.); (E.K.)
| | - Efrosini Kokkoli
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (A.M.S.); (Z.S.)
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Correspondence: (C.C.C.); (E.K.)
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124
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Abstract
Recently, there has been a resurgence of interest in metabolic rewiring of tumors to identify clinically relevant genes. However, most of these studies have had either focused on individual tumors, or are too general, providing a broad outlook on overall changes. In this study, we have first curated an extensive list of genes encoding metabolic enzymes and metabolite transporters relevant to carbohydrate, fatty acid and amino acid oxidation and biosynthesis. Next, we have used publicly available transcriptomic data for 20 different tumor types from The Cancer Genome Atlas Network (TCGA) and focused on differential expression of these genes between tumor and adjacent normal tissue. Our study revealed major transcriptional alterations in genes that are involved in central metabolism. Most tumors exhibit upregulation in carbohydrate and amino acid transporters, increased glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway, and decreased fatty acid and amino acid oxidation. On the other hand, the expression of genes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, anaplerotic reactions and electron transport chain differed between tumors. Although most transcriptomic alterations were conserved across many tumor types suggesting the initiation of common regulatory programs, expression changes unique to specific tumors were also identified, which can provide gene expression fingerprints as potential biomarkers or drug targets. Our study also emphasizes the value of transcriptomic data in the deeper understanding of metabolic changes in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilir Sheraj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi (ODTU/METU), Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - N Tulin Guray
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi (ODTU/METU), Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Sreeparna Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi (ODTU/METU), Ankara, 06800, Turkey.
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory (CanSyl), Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi (ODTU/METU), Ankara, 06800, Turkey.
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125
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Yao Z, Shu L, Yi Y, Qiao L. Hsa_circRNA_000543 Predicts Poor Prognosis and Promotes Cervical Cancer Cell Progression Through Regulating miR-567/ZNF268 Axis. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:5211-5222. [PMID: 34234564 PMCID: PMC8256719 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s302201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide. We aimed to explore the role of hsa_circ_000543 played in CC. Methods The hsa_circ_000543 expressions in CC tissues and cells were measured by qRT-PCR. The correlation of hsa_circ_000543 expression and the clinical features of CC patients were analyzed by SPSS 20.0. The up- or down-regulated plasmids of hsa_circ_000543 were respectively transfected into CC cells. Cell proliferation, apoptosis and colony formation were detected through CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry and cell colony formation assay, respectively. The cell migration and invasion were evaluated by Transwell assay. The underlying molecular mechanism of hsa_circ_000543 was studied by bioinformatic prediction tools and luciferase reporter assay. Rescue experiments were performed to validate the regulation mechanism of hsa_circ_000543/miR-567/ZNF268 axis in CC. Results Hsa_circ_000543 was over-expressed in CC tissues and cells. The high expression of hsa_circ_000543 indicated poor prognosis of CC patients. Hsa_circ_000543 promoted cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion, as well as inhibited cell apoptosis in CC cells. Hsa_circ_000543 directly targeted miR-567/ZNF268 in CC cell lines. In CC tumor tissues and cells, the hsa_circ_000543 expression was negatively correlated with miR-567 expression and showed a positive correlation with ZNF268 expression. The rescue experiments revealed that hsa_circ_000543 mediated cell proliferation, apoptosis, colony formation, migration and invasion of CC cells via regulating miR-567/ZNF268 axis. Conclusion Hsa_circ_000543 regulated CC cell activities through binding miR-567 and therefore enhancing ZNF268 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilan Yao
- Department of Gynecology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213100, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gynecology, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213100, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuping Shu
- Department of Gynecology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213100, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gynecology, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yi
- Department of Gynecology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213100, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gynecology, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213100, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifu Qiao
- Department of Gynecology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213100, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gynecology, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213100, People's Republic of China
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126
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Fang S, Zhong L, Wang AQ, Zhang H, Yin ZS. Identification of Regeneration and Hub Genes and Pathways at Different Time Points after Spinal Cord Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2643-2662. [PMID: 33484404 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02289-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a neurological injury that can cause neuronal loss around the lesion site and leads to locomotive and sensory deficits. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to verify differential gene time-course expression in SCI and provide new insights for gene-level studies. We downloaded two rat expression profiles (GSE464 and GSE45006) from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, including 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, and 14 days post-SCI, along with thoracic spinal cord data for analysis. At each time point, gene integration was performed using "batch normalization." The raw data were standardized, and differentially expressed genes at the different time points versus the control were analyzed by Gene Ontology enrichment analysis, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis. A protein-protein interaction network was then built and visualized. In addition, ten hub genes were identified at each time point. Among them, Gnb5, Gng8, Agt, Gnai1, and Psap lack correlation studies in SCI and deserve further investigation. Finally, we screened and analyzed genes for tissue repair, reconstruction, and regeneration and found that Anxa1, Snap25, and Spp1 were closely related to repair and regeneration after SCI. In conclusion, hub genes, signaling pathways, and regeneration genes involved in secondary SCI were identified in our study. These results may be useful for understanding SCI-related biological processes and the development of targeted intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Fang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, #218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, China
| | - Lin Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, #218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - An-Quan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, #218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, #218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zong-Sheng Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, #218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, China.
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127
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Ahmed A, Shamsi A, Mohammad T, Hasan GM, Islam A, Hassan MI. Aurora B kinase: a potential drug target for cancer therapy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:2187-98. [PMID: 34047821 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03669-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ensuring genetic integrity is essential during the cell cycle to avoid aneuploidy, one of the underlying causes of malignancies. Aurora kinases are serine/threonine kinase that play a vital role in maintaining the genomic integrity of the cells. There are three forms of aurora kinases in the mammalian cells, which are highly conserved and act together with several other proteins to control chromosome alignment and its equal distribution to daughter cells in mitosis and meiosis. METHODS We provide here a detailed analysis of Aurora B kinase (ABK) in terms of its expression, structure, function, disease association and potential therapeutic implications. RESULTS ABK plays an instrumental in mitotic entry, chromosome condensation, spindle assembly, cytokinesis, and abscission. Small-molecule inhibitors of ABK are designed and synthesized to control cancer progression. A detailed understanding of ABK pathophysiology in different cancers is of great significance in designing and developing effective therapeutic strategies. CONCLUSION In this review, we have discussed the physiological significance of ABK followed by its role in cancer progression. We further highlighted available small-molecule inhibitors to control the tumor proliferation and their mechanistic insights.
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128
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Chan LC, Kalyanasundram J, Leong SW, Masarudin MJ, Veerakumarasivam A, Yusoff K, Chan SC, Chia SL. Persistent Newcastle disease virus infection in bladder cancer cells is associated with putative pro-survival and anti-viral transcriptomic changes. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:625. [PMID: 34044804 PMCID: PMC8161962 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08345-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an oncolytic virus with excellent selectivity against cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Unfortunately, prolonged in vitro NDV infection results in the development of persistent infection in the cancer cells which are then able to resist NDV-mediated oncolysis. However, the mechanism of persistency of infection remains poorly understood. Methods In this study, we established persistently NDV-infected EJ28 bladder cancer cells, designated as EJ28P. Global transcriptomic analysis was subsequently carried out by microarray analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between EJ28 and EJ28P cells identified by the edgeR program were further analysed by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) analyses. In addition, the microarray data were validated by RT-qPCR. Results Persistently NDV-infected EJ28 bladder cancer cells were successfully established and confirmed by flow cytometry. Microarray analysis identified a total of 368 genes as differentially expressed in EJ28P cells when compared to the non-infected EJ28 cells. GSEA revealed that the Wnt/β-catenin and KRAS signalling pathways were upregulated while the TGF-β signalling pathway was downregulated. Findings from this study suggest that the upregulation of genes that are associated with cell growth, pro-survival, and anti-apoptosis may explain the survivability of EJ28P cells and the development of persistent infection of NDV. Conclusions This study provides insights into the transcriptomic changes that occur and the specific signalling pathways that are potentially involved in the development and maintenance of NDV persistency of infection in bladder cancer cells. These findings warrant further investigation and is crucial towards the development of effective NDV oncolytic therapy against cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08345-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee-Chin Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Malaysia Genome Institute, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Jalan Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Jeevanathan Kalyanasundram
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Sze-Wei Leong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Mas Jaffri Masarudin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Abhi Veerakumarasivam
- Malaysia Genome Institute, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Jalan Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Medical Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Khatijah Yusoff
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Malaysia Genome Institute, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Jalan Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Soon-Choy Chan
- Malaysia Genome Institute, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Jalan Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. .,Perdana University School of Liberal Arts, Science and Technology (PUScLST), Perdana University, 50490, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Suet-Lin Chia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. .,UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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129
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Sun X, Turcan S. From Laboratory Studies to Clinical Trials: Temozolomide Use in IDH-Mutant Gliomas. Cells 2021; 10:1225. [PMID: 34067729 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the use of the alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ) in the treatment of IDH-mutant gliomas. We describe the challenges associated with TMZ in clinical (drug resistance and tumor recurrence) and preclinical settings (variabilities associated with in vitro models) in treating IDH-mutant glioma. Lastly, we summarize the emerging therapeutic targets that can potentially be used in combination with TMZ.
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130
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Hussain Y, Cui JH, Khan H, Aschner M, Batiha GE, Jeandet P. Luteolin and cancer metastasis suppression: focus on the role of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Med Oncol 2021; 38:66. [PMID: 33950369 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01508-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a physiological process that assumes a primary role in the induction of cancer metastasis. This results in increased cell renewal, and resistance to cell death and therapies. EMT, therefore, represents an effective strategy for regulating cancerous cell activity. A need for efficacy and low cytotoxicity epithelial to mesenchymal transition modifying drugs has led to the investigational testing of the efficacy of plethora of different groups of phytonutrients. Luteolin is a natural flavonoid inhibits the growth of cancer cells by various mechanisms, such as the stimulation of cancer cell apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, inhibition of cell replication, tumor growth, improvement of drug resistance, prevention of cancer cell intrusiveness and metastasis. This review article focuses on the anti-cancer and anti-metastatic potential of luteolin targeting various transcription factors, markers and signaling pathways associated with the repression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition.
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131
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Jeong H, Jo Y, Yoon M, Hong S. Thymidine decreases the DNA damage and apoptosis caused by tumor-treating fields in cancer cell lines. Genes Genomics 2021; 43:995-1001. [PMID: 33950471 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-021-01105-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-treating fields (TTFields) is an emerging non-invasive cancer-treatment modality using alternating electric fields with low intensities and an intermediate range of frequency. TTFields affects an extensive range of charged and polarizable cellular factors known to be involved in cell division. However, it causes side-effects, such as DNA damage and apoptosis, in healthy cells. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether thymidine can have an effect on the DNA damage and apoptosis, we arrested the cell cycle of human glioblastoma cells (U373) at G1/S phase by using thymidine and then exposed these cells to TTFields. METHODS Cancer cell lines and normal cell (HaCaT) were arrested by thymidine double block method. Cells were seeded into the gap of between the insulated wires. The exposed in alternative electric fields at 120 kHz, 1.2 V/cm. They were counted the cell numbers and analyzed for cancer malignant such as colony formation, Annexin V/PI staining, γH2AX and RT-PCR. RESULTS The colony-forming ability and DNA damage of the control cells without thymidine treatment were significantly decreased, and the expression levels of BRCA1, PCNA, CDC25C, and MAD2 were distinctly increased. Interestingly, however, cells treated with thymidine did not change the colony formation, apoptosis, DNA damage, or gene expression pattern. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that thymidine can inhibit the TTFields-caused DNA damage and apoptosis, suggesting that combining TTFields and conventional treatments, such as chemotherapy, may enhance prognosis and decrease side effects compared with those of TTFields or conventional treatments alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyesun Jeong
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Public Health Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunhui Jo
- Department of Bio- Convergence Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Myonggeun Yoon
- Department of Bio- Convergence Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunghoi Hong
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Public Health Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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132
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Bakker OB, Ramírez-Sánchez AD, Borek ZA, de Klein N, Li Y, Modderman R, Kooy-Winkelaar Y, Johannesen MK, Matarese F, Martens JHA, Kumar V, van Bergen J, Qiao SW, Lundin KEA, Sollid LM, Koning F, Wijmenga C, Withoff S, Jonkers IH. Potential impact of celiac disease genetic risk factors on T cell receptor signaling in gluten-specific CD4+ T cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9252. [PMID: 33927210 PMCID: PMC8085175 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86612-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease is an auto-immune disease in which an immune response to dietary gluten leads to inflammation and subsequent atrophy of small intestinal villi, causing severe bowel discomfort and malabsorption of nutrients. The major instigating factor for the immune response in celiac disease is the activation of gluten-specific CD4+ T cells expressing T cell receptors that recognize gluten peptides presented in the context of HLA-DQ2 and DQ8. Here we provide an in-depth characterization of 28 gluten-specific T cell clones. We assess their transcriptional and epigenetic response to T cell receptor stimulation and link this to genetic factors associated with celiac disease. Gluten-specific T cells have a distinct transcriptional profile that mostly resembles that of Th1 cells but also express cytokines characteristic of other types of T-helper cells. This transcriptional response appears not to be regulated by changes in chromatin state, but rather by early upregulation of transcription factors and non-coding RNAs that likely orchestrate the subsequent activation of genes that play a role in immune pathways. Finally, integration of chromatin and transcription factor binding profiles suggest that genes activated by T cell receptor stimulation of gluten‑specific T cells may be impacted by genetic variation at several genetic loci associated with celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier B Bakker
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aarón D Ramírez-Sánchez
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Zuzanna A Borek
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niek de Klein
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger Modderman
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Kooy-Winkelaar
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marie K Johannesen
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Filomena Matarese
- Department of Molecular Biology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost H A Martens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Jeroen van Bergen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Shuo-Wang Qiao
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut E A Lundin
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig M Sollid
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frits Koning
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sebo Withoff
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Iris H Jonkers
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Al-Ostoot FH, Sherapura A, V V, Basappa G, H K V, B T P, Khanum SA. Targeting HIF-1α by newly synthesized Indolephenoxyacetamide (IPA) analogs to induce anti-angiogenesis-mediated solid tumor suppression. Pharmacol Rep 2021. [PMID: 33904146 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00266-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxic microenvironment is a common feature of solid tumors, which leads to the promotion of cancer. The transcription factor, HIF-1α, expressed under hypoxic conditions stimulates tumor angiogenesis, favoring HIF-1α as a promising anticancer agent. On the other hand, synthetic Indolephenoxyacetamide derivatives are known for their pharmacological potentiality. With this background here, we have synthesized, characterized, and validated the new IPA (8a-n) analogs for anti-tumor activity. METHODS The new series of IPA (8a-n) were synthesized through a multi-step reaction sequence and characterized based on the different spectroscopic analysis FT-IR, 1H, 13C NMR, mass spectra, and elemental analyses. Cell-based screening of IPA (8a-n) was assessed by MTT assay. Anti-angiogenic efficacy of IPA (8k) validated through CAM, Rat corneal, tube formation and migration assay. The underlying molecular mechanism is validated through zymogram and IB studies. The in vivo anti-tumor activity was measured in the DLA solid tumor model. RESULTS Screening for anti-proliferative studies inferred, IPA (8k) is a lead molecule with an IC50 value of ˜5 μM. Anti-angiogenic assays revealed the angiopreventive activity through inhibition of HIF-1α and modulation downstream regulatory genes, VEGF, MMPs, and P53. The results are confirmative in an in vivo solid tumor model. CONCLUSION The IPA (8k) is a potent anti-proliferative molecule with anti-angiogenic activity and specifically targets HIF1α, thereby modulates its downstream regulatory genes both in vitro and in vivo. The study provides scope for new target-specific drug development against HIF-1α for the treatment of solid tumors.
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Sun N, Meng X, Liu Y, Song D, Jiang C, Cai J. Applications of brain organoids in neurodevelopment and neurological diseases. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:30. [PMID: 33888112 PMCID: PMC8063318 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00728-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A brain organoid is a self-organizing three-dimensional tissue derived from human embryonic stem cells or pluripotent stem cells and is able to simulate the architecture and functionality of the human brain. Brain organoid generation methods are abundant and continue to improve, and now, an in vivo vascularized brain organoid has been encouragingly reported. The combination of brain organoids with immune-staining and single-cell sequencing technology facilitates our understanding of brain organoids, including the structural organization and the diversity of cell types. Recent publications have reported that brain organoids can mimic the dynamic spatiotemporal process of early brain development, model various human brain disorders, and serve as an effective preclinical platform to test and guide personalized treatment. In this review, we introduce the current state of brain organoid differentiation strategies, summarize current progress and applications in the medical domain, and discuss the challenges and prospects of this promising technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Xiangqi Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yuxiang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Dan Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Chuanlu Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Jinquan Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China. .,Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Rahnama S, Bakhshinejad B, Farzam F, Bitaraf A, Ghazimoradi MH, Babashah S. Identification of dysregulated competing endogenous RNA networks in glioblastoma: A way toward improved therapeutic opportunities. Life Sci 2021; 277:119488. [PMID: 33862117 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is recognized as one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Although there have been considerable advancements in understanding the causative molecular mechanisms of this malignancy, effective therapeutic strategies are still in limited use. It has been revealed that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play critical roles in glioblastoma development, while interactions between the regulatory molecules such as long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), transcribed pseudogenes, and circular RNAs (circRNAs) remain to be fully deciphered. Over the recent years, researchers have discovered a new category of RNA molecules called competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA). This kind of RNA can contribute to molecular interactions in the form of ceRNA networks (ceRNETs). Multiple lines of evidence have demonstrated that dysregulation of various ceRNA networks is involved in glioblastoma development. Therefore, gaining insights into these dysregulations might offer potential for the early diagnosis of glioblastoma patients and identification of efficient therapeutic targets. In this review, we provide an overview of recent discoveries on ceRNA networks and the involvement of dysregulated networks in posing limitations to temozolomide therapy. We also describe signaling pathways relevant to the progression of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saghar Rahnama
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Bakhshinejad
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Farzam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirreza Bitaraf
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sadegh Babashah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Uddin MB, Wang Z, Yang C. The m 6A RNA methylation regulates oncogenic signaling pathways driving cell malignant transformation and carcinogenesis. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:61. [PMID: 33814008 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01356-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The m6A RNA methylation is the most prevalent internal modification in mammalian mRNAs which plays critical biological roles by regulating vital cellular processes. Dysregulations of the m6A modification due to aberrant expression of its regulatory proteins are frequently observed in many pathological conditions, particularly in cancer. Normal cells undergo malignant transformation via activation or modulation of different oncogenic signaling pathways through complex mechanisms. Accumulating evidence showing regulation of oncogenic signaling pathways at the epitranscriptomic level has added an extra layer of the complexity. In particular, recent studies demonstrated that, in many types of cancers various oncogenic signaling pathways are modulated by the m6A modification in the target mRNAs as well as noncoding RNA transcripts. m6A modifications in these RNA molecules control their fate and metabolism by regulating their stability, translation or subcellular localizations. In this review we discussed recent exciting studies on oncogenic signaling pathways that are modulated by the m6A RNA modification and/or their regulators in cancer and provided perspectives for further studies. The regulation of oncogenic signaling pathways by the m6A modification and its regulators also render them as potential druggable targets for the treatment of cancer.
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Janjua TI, Rewatkar P, Ahmed-Cox A, Saeed I, Mansfeld FM, Kulshreshtha R, Kumeria T, Ziegler DS, Kavallaris M, Mazzieri R, Popat A. Frontiers in the treatment of glioblastoma: Past, present and emerging. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 171:108-138. [PMID: 33486006 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive cancers of the brain. Despite extensive research over the last several decades, the survival rates for GBM have not improved and prognosis remains poor. To date, only a few therapies are approved for the treatment of GBM with the main reasons being: 1) significant tumour heterogeneity which promotes the selection of resistant subpopulations 2) GBM induced immunosuppression and 3) fortified location of the tumour in the brain which hinders the delivery of therapeutics. Existing therapies for GBM such as radiotherapy, surgery and chemotherapy have been unable to reach the clinical efficacy necessary to prolong patient survival more than a few months. This comprehensive review evaluates the current and emerging therapies including those in clinical trials that may potentially improve both targeted delivery of therapeutics directly to the tumour site and the development of agents that may specifically target GBM. Particular focus has also been given to emerging delivery technologies such as focused ultrasound, cellular delivery systems nanomedicines and immunotherapy. Finally, we discuss the importance of developing novel materials for improved delivery efficacy of nanoparticles and therapeutics to reduce the suffering of GBM patients.
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138
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Li S, Wang C, Lu Y, Li W. Long non-coding RNA LIFR-AS1 regulates the proliferation, migration and invasion of human thyroid cancer cells. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:187. [PMID: 33927978 PMCID: PMC7985231 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02739-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) LIFR-AS1 has been shown to be involved in the development of several human cancers. This study was designed to determine the expression profile and role of lncRNA-LIFR-AS1 in human thyroid cancer. The results showed significant (p < 0.05) upregulation of LncRNA-LIFR-AS1 in thyroid cancer tissues and cells. However, silencing of LncRNA-LIFR-AS1 inhibited the viability and proliferation of human thyroid cancer cells inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest. The G2/M phase cells increased from 8.56% in negative control (NC) to around 35.03% in si-LIFR-AS1. This was also found to be concomitant with the downregulation of cyclin B1 and CDK1 expressions. The thyroid cancer cells exhibited remarkably lower invasion and migration under transcriptional knockdown of lncRNA-LIFR-AS1 which was also associated with downregulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. Importantly, transcriptional silencing of lncRNA-LIFR-AS1 inhibited thyroid cancer tumorigenesis, in vivo. Collectively, the results suggest the tumor-promoting role of lncRNA-LIFR-AS1 in thyroid cancer and highlight its potential as therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- Department of Endocrinology, TangShan GongRen Hospital, No. 27 of Wenhua Road, TangShan, 063000 Hebei China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, TangShan GongRen Hospital, No. 27 of Wenhua Road, TangShan, 063000 Hebei China
| | - Yifang Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, TangShan GongRen Hospital, No. 27 of Wenhua Road, TangShan, 063000 Hebei China
| | - Weijuan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, TangShan GongRen Hospital, No. 27 of Wenhua Road, TangShan, 063000 Hebei China
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Wu Y, Yang Z, Jin Y, Yin K, Xiang J, Liu A, Liu C, Dai Z. MicroRNA-125-5p targets Kruppel-like factor 13 (KLF13) to regulate the proliferation, migration, and invasion of human osteosarcoma cells*. All Life 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2021.1905078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, BeiJing United Family Healthcare, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Yang
- Department of Trauma Orthopaedics, The first Affiliated Hospital of South China University, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Jin
- Department of Joint Surgery Orthopaedics, ChangSha Central Hospital Affiliated to South China University, ChangSha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Yin
- Department of Trauma Orthopaedics, The first Affiliated Hospital of South China University, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Department of Trauma Orthopaedics, The first Affiliated Hospital of South China University, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ansong Liu
- Department of Trauma Orthopaedics, The first Affiliated Hospital of South China University, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Trauma Orthopaedics, The first Affiliated Hospital of South China University, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhu Dai
- Department of Trauma Orthopaedics, The first Affiliated Hospital of South China University, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
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Hicks WH, Bird CE, Traylor JI, Shi DD, El Ahmadieh TY, Richardson TE, McBrayer SK, Abdullah KG. Contemporary Mouse Models in Glioma Research. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030712. [PMID: 33806933 PMCID: PMC8004772 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of glioma, outcomes remain dismal. Developing successful treatments for glioma requires faithful in vivo disease modeling and rigorous preclinical testing. Murine models, including xenograft, syngeneic, and genetically engineered models, are used to study glioma-genesis, identify methods of tumor progression, and test novel treatment strategies. Since the discovery of highly recurrent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations in lower-grade gliomas, there is increasing emphasis on effective modeling of IDH mutant brain tumors. Improvements in preclinical models that capture the phenotypic and molecular heterogeneity of gliomas are critical for the development of effective new therapies. Herein, we explore the current status, advancements, and challenges with contemporary murine glioma models.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H. Hicks
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (W.H.H.); (C.E.B.); (J.I.T.); (T.Y.E.A.)
| | - Cylaina E. Bird
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (W.H.H.); (C.E.B.); (J.I.T.); (T.Y.E.A.)
| | - Jeffrey I. Traylor
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (W.H.H.); (C.E.B.); (J.I.T.); (T.Y.E.A.)
| | - Diana D. Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Tarek Y. El Ahmadieh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (W.H.H.); (C.E.B.); (J.I.T.); (T.Y.E.A.)
| | - Timothy E. Richardson
- Department of Pathology, Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 75229, USA;
| | - Samuel K. McBrayer
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Harrold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
- Correspondence: (S.K.M.); (K.G.A.)
| | - Kalil G. Abdullah
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (W.H.H.); (C.E.B.); (J.I.T.); (T.Y.E.A.)
- Harrold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
- Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
- Correspondence: (S.K.M.); (K.G.A.)
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Quillien L, Top S, Kappler-Gratias S, Redouté A, Dusetti N, Quentin-Froignant C, Lulka H, Camus-Bouclainville C, Buscail L, Gallardo F, Bertagnoli S, Cordelier P. A Novel Imaging Approach for Single-Cell Real-Time Analysis of Oncolytic Virus Replication and Efficacy in Cancer Cells. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 32:166-177. [PMID: 33504260 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2020.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are novel cancer gene therapies that are moving toward the forefront of modern medicines. However, their full therapeutic potential is hindered by the lack of convenient and reliable strategies to visualize and quantify OV growth kinetics and therapeutic efficacy in live cells. In this study, we present an innovative imaging approach for single-cell real-time analysis of OV replication and efficacy in cancer cells. We selected SG33 as a prototypic new OV that derives from wild-type Myxoma virus (MYXV). Lausanne Toulouse 1 (T1) was used as control. We equipped SG33 and T1 genomes with the ANCHOR system and infected a panel of cell lines. The ANCHOR system is composed of a fusion protein (OR-GFP) that specifically binds to a short nonrepetitive DNA target sequence (ANCH) and spreads onto neighboring sequences by protein oligomerization. Its accumulation on the tagged viral DNA results in the creation of fluorescent foci. We found that (1) SG33 and T1-ANCHOR DNA can be readily detected and quantified by live imaging, (2) both OVs generate perinuclear replication foci after infection clustering into horse-shoe shape replication centers, and (3) SG33 replicates to higher levels as compared with T1. Lastly, as a translational proof of concept, we benchmarked SG33 replication and oncolytic efficacy in primary cancer cells derived from pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) both at the population and at the single-cell levels. In vivo, SG33 significantly replicates in experimental tumors to inhibit tumor growth. Collectively, we provide herein for the first time a novel strategy to quantify each step of OV infection in live cells and in real time by tracking viral DNA and provide first evidence of theranostic strategies for PDAC patients. Thus, this approach has the potential to rationalize the use of OVs for the benefit of patients with incurable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Quillien
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Agathe Redouté
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Nelson Dusetti
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | | | - Hubert Lulka
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Louis Buscail
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France.,Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Pierre Cordelier
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
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Deng P, Li K, Gu F, Zhang T, Zhao W, Sun M, Hou B. LINC00242/miR-1-3p/G6PD axis regulates Warburg effect and affects gastric cancer proliferation and apoptosis. Mol Med 2021; 27:9. [PMID: 33514309 PMCID: PMC7845121 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00259-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reprogrammed glucose metabolism of enhanced Warburg effect (or aerobic glycolysis) is considered as a hallmark of cancer. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been certified to play a crucial role in tumor progression. The current study aims to inquire into the potential regulatory mechanism of long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 242 (LINC00242) on aerobic glycolysis in gastric cancer. METHOD LINC00242, miR-1-3p and G6PD expression levels in gastric cancer tissues and cells were determined by qRT-PCR. Cell apoptosis or viability were examined by Flow cytometry or MTT assay. Western blot was utilized to investigate G6PD protein expression levels. Immunohistochemical (IHC) and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining were used for histopathological detection. The targeted relationship between LINC00242 or G6PD and miR-1-3p was verified by luciferase reporter gene assay. Nude mouse xenograft was utilized to detect tumor formation in vivo. RESULT LINC00242 and G6PD was high-expressed in gastric cancer tissues and cells, and LINC00242 is positively correlated with G6PD. Silencing of LINC00242 or G6PD within gastric cancer cells prominently inhibited cell proliferation and aerobic glycolysis in vitro and relieved the tumorigenesis of gastric cancer in vivo. miR-1-3p was predicted to directly target both LINC00242 and G6PD. Overexpression of miR-1-3p suppressed gastric cancer cells proliferation and aerobic glycolysis. LINC00242 competitively combined miR-1-3p, therefore relieving miR-1-3p-mediated suppression on G6PD. CONCLUSION LINC00242 plays a stimulative role in gastric cancer aerobic glycolysis via regulation of miR-1-3p/ G6PD axis, therefore affecting gastric cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Deng
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Feng Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Wenyan Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Ming Sun
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Bin Hou
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China.
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Wang Y, Li J, Shao C, Tang X, Du Y, Xu T, Zhao Z, Hu H, Sheng Y, Hu C, Xi Y. Systematic profiling of diagnostic and prognostic value of autophagy-related genes for sarcoma patients. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:58. [PMID: 33435917 PMCID: PMC7802146 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07596-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy-related genes (ARGs) have been confirmed to have an important role in tumorigenesis and tumor microenvironment formation. Nevertheless, a systematic analysis of ARGs and their clinical significance in sarcoma patients is lacking. METHODS Gene expression files from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) were used to select differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Differentially expressed ARGs (DEARGs) were determined by matching the DEG and HADb gene sets, which were evaluated by functional enrichment analysis. Unsupervised clustering of the identified DEARGs was conducted, and associations with tumor microenvironment (TME), immune checkpoints, and immune cells were analyzed simultaneously. Two prognostic signatures, one for overall survival (OS) and one for disease-free survival (DFS), were established and validated in an independent set. RESULTS In total, 84 DEARGs and two clusters were identified. TME scores, five immune checkpoints, and several types of immune cells were found to be significantly different between two clusters. Two prognostic signatures incorporating DEARGs showed favorable discrimination and were successfully validated. Two nomograms combining signature and clinical variables were generated. The C-indexes were 0.818 and 0.747 for the OS and DFS nomograms, respectively. CONCLUSION This comprehensive analyses of the ARG landscape in sarcoma showed novel ARGs related to carcinogenesis and the immune microenvironment. These findings have implications for prognosis and therapeutic responses, which reveal novel potential prognostic biomarkers, promote precision medicine, and provide potential novel targets for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhe Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jianyi Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Cheng Shao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiaojie Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Department of Spinal Surgery, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264100, China
| | - Yukun Du
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Tongshuai Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Huiqiang Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yingyi Sheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Chuan Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Yongming Xi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Hetze S, Sure U, Schedlowski M, Hadamitzky M, Barthel L. Rodent Models to Analyze the Glioma Microenvironment. ASN Neuro 2021; 13:17590914211005074. [PMID: 33874781 PMCID: PMC8060738 DOI: 10.1177/17590914211005074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models are still indispensable for understanding the basic principles of glioma development and invasion. Preclinical approaches aim to analyze the treatment efficacy of new drugs before translation into clinical trials is possible. Various animal disease models are available, but not every approach is useful for addressing specific questions. In recent years, it has become increasingly evident that the tumor microenvironment plays a key role in the nature of glioma. In addition to providing an overview, this review evaluates available rodent models in terms of usability for research on the glioma microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Hetze
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of
Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral
Immunobiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sure
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of
Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Manfred Schedlowski
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral
Immunobiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center for
Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Hadamitzky
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral
Immunobiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lennart Barthel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of
Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral
Immunobiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
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Pourdavoud P, Pakzad B, Mosallaei M, Saadatian Z, Esmaeilzadeh E, Alimolaie A, Shaygannejad A. MiR-196: emerging of a new potential therapeutic target and biomarker in colorectal cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9913-20. [PMID: 33130965 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05949-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Deregulation of microRNAs, as key elements in colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis, is correlated with various stages of this cancer. miR-196 is involved in the initiation and progression of a verity of malignances, especially CRC. miR-196 in CRC cells could target different types of genes with oncogenic and/or tumor suppressor function such as HOX genes, GATA6, SOCS1, SOCS3, ANXA1, DFFA, PDCD4, ZG16 and ING5. Therefore, these genes could be up or down-regulated in cells and subsequently change the capacity of CRC cells in terms of tumor development, progression and, response to therapy. Comprehension of miR-196-associated aberrations underlying the CRC pathogenesis might introduce promising targets for therapy. Additionally, it seems that miR-196 expression profiling, especially circulatory exosomal miR-196, might be useful for diagnosis and prognosis determination of the CRC patients. In this review, at first, we summarize the roles of miR-196 in different types of cancers. After that, a detailed discussion about this miRNA and also their targets in CRC pathogenesis, progression, and response to treatment are represented. Moreover, we highlight the potential utilization of miR-196 and its targets as therapeutic targets and novel biomarkers in early detection and prediction of prognosis in CRC patients.
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Abstract
Glioblastoma is a very aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, with very low survival rates and no curative treatments. The high failure rate of drug development for this cancer is linked to the high-cost, time-consuming, and inefficient models used to study the disease. Advances in stem cell and in vitro cultures technologies are promising, however, and here we present the advantages and limitations of available organotypic culture models and discuss their possible applications for studying glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pamies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland
| | - Marie-Gabrielle Zurich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT) Europe, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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148
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Hu C, Chen B, Huang Z, Liu C, Ye L, Wang C, Tong Y, Yang J, Zhao C. Comprehensive profiling of immune-related genes in soft tissue sarcoma patients. J Transl Med 2020; 18:337. [PMID: 32873319 PMCID: PMC7465445 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02512-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immune-related genes (IRGs) have been confirmed to have an important role in tumorigenesis and tumor microenvironment formation. Nevertheless, a systematic analysis of IRGs and their clinical significance in soft tissue sarcoma (STS) patients is lacking. Methods Gene expression files from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) were used to select differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Differentially expressed immune-related genes (DEIRGs) were determined by matching the DEG and ImmPort gene sets, which were evaluated by functional enrichment analysis. Unsupervised clustering of the identified DEIRGs was conducted, and associations with prognosis, the tumor microenvironment (TME), immune checkpoints, and immune cells were analyzed simultaneously. Two prognostic signatures, one for overall survival (OS) and one for progression free survival (PFS), were established and validated in an independent set. Finally, two transcription factor (TF)-IRG regulatory networks were constructed, and a crucial regulatory axis was validated. Results In total, 364 DEIRGs and four clusters were identified. OS, TME scores, five immune checkpoints, and 12 types of immune cells were found to be significantly different among the four clusters. The two prognostic signatures incorporating 20 DEIRGs showed favorable discrimination and were successfully validated. Two nomograms combining signature and clinical variables were generated. The C-indexes were 0.879 (95%CI 0.832 ~ 0.926) and 0.825 (95%CI 0.776 ~ 0.874) for the OS and PFS signatures, respectively. Finally, TF-IRG regulatory networks were established, and the MYH11-ADM regulatory axis was verified in three independent datasets. Conclusion This comprehensive analysis of the IRG landscape in soft tissue sarcoma revealed novel IRGs related to carcinogenesis and the immune microenvironment. These findings have implications for prognosis and therapeutic responses, which reveal novel potential prognostic biomarkers, promote precision medicine, and provide potential novel targets for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Hu
- Department of Orthopedic, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Hebei, China.,Qingdao University Medical College, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Orthopedic, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Hebei, China.,Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Zhangheng Huang
- Department of Orthopedic, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Hebei, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Cailin Wang
- Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Yuexin Tong
- Department of Orthopedic, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Hebei, China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Chengliang Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Hebei, China.
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