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Dharmaraj T, Kratochvil MJ, Pourtois JD, Chen Q, Hajfathalian M, Hargil A, Lin YH, Evans Z, Oromí-Bosch A, Berry JD, McBride R, Haddock NL, Holman DR, van Belleghem JD, Chang TH, Barr JJ, Lavigne R, Heilshorn SC, Blankenberg FG, Bollyky PL. Rapid assessment of changes in phage bioactivity using dynamic light scattering. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.02.547396. [PMID: 37425882 PMCID: PMC10327207 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.02.547396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Extensive efforts are underway to develop bacteriophages as therapies against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. However, these efforts are confounded by the instability of phage preparations and a lack of suitable tools to assess active phage concentrations over time. Here, we use Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) to measure changes in phage physical state in response to environmental factors and time, finding that phages tend to decay and form aggregates and that the degree of aggregation can be used to predict phage bioactivity. We then use DLS to optimize phage storage conditions for phages from human clinical trials, predict bioactivity in 50-year-old archival stocks, and evaluate phage samples for use in a phage therapy/wound infection model. We also provide a web-application (Phage-ELF) to facilitate DLS studies of phages. We conclude that DLS provides a rapid, convenient, and non-destructive tool for quality control of phage preparations in academic and commercial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejas Dharmaraj
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael J. Kratochvil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Julie D. Pourtois
- Hopkins Marine Station, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
| | - Qingquan Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Maryam Hajfathalian
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aviv Hargil
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yung-Hao Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zoe Evans
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | | | | | - Naomi L. Haddock
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Derek R. Holman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jonas D. van Belleghem
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tony H. Chang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jeremy J. Barr
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, VIC, Australia
| | - Rob Lavigne
- Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Sarah C. Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Francis G. Blankenberg
- Division of Pediatric Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Paul L. Bollyky
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Troian EA, Maldonado HM, Chauhan U, Barth VC, Woychik NA. Mycobacterium abscessus VapC5 toxin potentiates evasion of antibiotic killing by ribosome overproduction and activation of multiple resistance pathways. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3705. [PMID: 37349306 PMCID: PMC10287673 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38844-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus (Mab) infections are inexplicably intractable to clearing after aggressive and lengthy treatment regimens. Here we discovered that acquisition of a single toxin-antitoxin system enables Mab to activate a phenotypic switch that enhances survival upon treatment with current first-line antibiotics. This switch is tripped when the VapC5 toxin inactivates tRNASerCGA by cleavage at only one site within its anticodon, leading to growth arrest. Concomitant tRNASerCGA depletion then reprograms the transcriptome to favor synthesis of proteins naturally low in the cognate Ser UCG codon including the transcription factor WhiB7 and members of its regulon as well as the ribosomal protein family. This programmed stockpiling of ribosomes is predicted to override the efficacy of ribosome-targeting antibiotics while the growth arrest phenotype attenuates antibiotics targeting cell wall synthesis. In agreement, VapC5 increases Mab persister formation upon exposure to amikacin and the next-generation oxazolidinone tedizolid (both target ribosomes) or cefoxitin (inhibits cell wall synthesis). These findings expand the repertoire of genetic adaptations harnessed by Mab to survive assaults intended to eradicate it, as well as provide a much-needed framework for selection of shorter and more efficacious alternate treatment options for Mab infections using currently available antimicrobials whose targets are not confounded by VapC5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo A Troian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Heather M Maldonado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Unnati Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Valdir C Barth
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, Basic Health Sciences Department, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), R. Sarmento Leite, 245 - Centro Histórico, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Nancy A Woychik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
- Member, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
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103
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Song F, Sheng J, Tan J, Xie H, Wang X, Guo W. Characterization of an Enterococcus faecalis bacteriophage SFQ1 as a potential therapeutic agent. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1210319. [PMID: 37426023 PMCID: PMC10324664 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1210319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is a well-established resident of the human gastrointestinal tract and is also a major cause of human infections. Unfortunately, therapeutic options for E. faecalis infections remain limited, particularly with the emergence of vancomycin-resistant strains in hospital settings. Consequently, there has been a renewed interest in phage therapy as an alternative to antibiotics. In this study, we have isolated a bacteriophage, vB_EfaS-SFQ1, from hospital sewage, which effectively infects E. faecalis strain EFS01. Phage SFQ1 is a siphovirus and exhibits a relatively broad host range. Furthermore, it has a short latent period of approximately 10 min and a large burst size of about 110 PFU/cell at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.01, and it could effectively disrupt the biofilms formed by E. faecalis. Thus, this study provides a detailed characterization of E. faecalis phage SFQ1, which has great potential for treating E. faecalis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Song
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Sheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Jishan Tan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Huajie Xie
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenqiong Guo
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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Shymialevich D, Wójcicki M, Świder O, Średnicka P, Sokołowska B. Characterization and Genome Study of a Newly Isolated Temperate Phage Belonging to a New Genus Targeting Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1303. [PMID: 37372483 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The spoilage of juices by Alicyclobacillus spp. remains a serious problem in industry and leads to economic losses. Compounds such as guaiacol and halophenols, which are produced by Alicyclobacillus, create undesirable flavors and odors and, thus, decrease the quality of juices. The inactivation of Alicyclobacillus spp. constitutes a challenge because it is resistant to environmental factors, such as high temperatures, and active acidity. However, the use of bacteriophages seems to be a promising approach. In this study, we aimed to isolate and comprehensively characterize a novel bacteriophage targeting Alicyclobacillus spp. The Alicyclobacillus phage strain KKP 3916 was isolated from orchard soil against the Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris strain KKP 3133. The bacterial host's range and the effect of phage addition at different rates of multiplicity of infections (MOIs) on the host's growth kinetics were determined using a Bioscreen C Pro growth analyzer. The Alicyclobacillus phage strain KKP 3916, retained its activity in a wide range of temperatures (from 4 °C to 30 °C) and active acidity values (pH from 3 to 11). At 70 °C, the activity of the phage decreased by 99.9%. In turn, at 80 °C, no activity against the bacterial host was observed. Thirty minutes of exposure to UV reduced the activity of the phages by almost 99.99%. Based on transmission-electron microscopy (TEM) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analyses, the Alicyclobacillus phage strain KKP 3916 was classified as a tailed bacteriophage. The genomic sequencing revealed that the newly isolated phage had linear double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) with sizes of 120 bp and 131 bp and 40.3% G+C content. Of the 204 predicted proteins, 134 were of unknown function, while the remainder were annotated as structural, replication, and lysis proteins. No genes associated with antibiotic resistance were found in the genome of the newly isolated phage. However, several regions, including four associated with integration into the bacterial host genome and excisionase, were identified, which indicates the temperate (lysogenic) life cycle of the bacteriophage. Due to the risk of its potential involvement in horizontal gene transfer, this phage is not an appropriate candidate for further research on its use in food biocontrol. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first article on the isolation and whole-genome analysis of the Alicyclobacillus-specific phage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dziyana Shymialevich
- Culture Collection of Industrial Microorganisms-Microbiological Resources Center, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology-State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Str., 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Wójcicki
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology-State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Str., 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Świder
- Department of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology-State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Str., 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Średnicka
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology-State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Str., 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Sokołowska
- Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology-State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Str., 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
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105
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Wang X, Tang J, Dang W, Xie Z, Zhang F, Hao X, Sun S, Liu X, Luo Y, Li M, Gu Y, Wang Y, Chen Q, Shen X, Xu L. Isolation and Characterization of Three Pseudomonas aeruginosa Viruses with Therapeutic Potential. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0463622. [PMID: 37125933 PMCID: PMC10269630 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04636-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the most common pathogens of opportunistic and hospital-acquired infections, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is associated with resistance to diverse antibiotics, which represents a significant challenge to current treatment modalities. Phage therapy is considered a promising alternative to conventional antimicrobials. The characterization and isolation of new bacteriophages and the concurrent evaluation of their therapeutic potential are fundamental for phage therapy. In this study, we employed an enrichment method and a double-layer agar overlay to isolate bacteriophages that infect P. aeruginosa strains PAO1 and PA14. Three phages (named PA_LZ01, PA_LZ02, and PA_LZ03) were isolated and showed icosahedral heads and contractile tails. Following full-genome sequencing, we found that phage PA_LZ01 contained a genome of 65,367 bp in size and harbored 90 predicted open reading frames (ORFs), phage PA_LZ02 contained a genome of 57,243 bp in size and harbored 75 predicted ORFs, and phage PA_LZ03 contained a genome of 57,367 bp in size and carried 77 predicted ORFs. Further comparative analysis showed that phage PA_LZ01 belonged to the genus Pbunavirus genus, phage PA_LZ02 belonged to the genus Pamexvirus, and phage PA_LZ03 belonged to the family Mesyanzhinovviridae. Next, we demonstrated that these phages were rather stable at different temperatures and pHs. One-step growth curves showed that the burst size of PA_LZ01 was 15 PFU/infected cell, and that of PA_LZ02 was 50 PFU/infected cell, while the titer of PA_LZ03 was not elevated. Similarly, the biofilm clearance capacities of PA_LZ01 and PA_LZ02 were also higher than that of PA_LZ03. Therapeutically, PA_LZ01 and PA_LZ02 treatment led to decreased bacterial loads and inflammatory responses in a mouse model. In conclusion, we isolated three phages that can infect P. aeruginosa, which were stable in different environments and could reduce bacterial biofilms, suggesting their potential as promising candidates to treat P. aeruginosa infections. IMPORTANCE Phage therapy is a promising therapeutic option for treating bacterial infections that do not respond to common antimicrobial treatments. Biofilm-mediated infections are particularly difficult to treat with traditional antibiotics, and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains has further complicated the situation. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a bacterial pathogen that causes chronic infections and is highly resistant to many antibiotics. The library of phages that target P. aeruginosa is expanding, and the isolation of new bacteriophages is constantly required. In this study, three bacteriophages that could infect P. aeruginosa were isolated, and their biological characteristics were investigated. In particular, the isolated phages are capable of reducing biofilms formed by P. aeruginosa. Further analysis indicates that treatment with PA_LZ01 and PA_LZ02 phages reduces bacterial loads and inflammatory responses in vivo. This study isolated and characterized bacteriophages that could infect P. aeruginosa, which offers a resource for phage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingjing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fuhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinwei Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sihuai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanchao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xihui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Zhu H, Zhou X, Zhuang Z, Li L, Bi J, Mi K. Advances of new drugs bedaquiline and delamanid in the treatment of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in children. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1183597. [PMID: 37384221 PMCID: PMC10293792 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1183597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem, with nearly 10 million new cases and millions of deaths each year. Around 10% of these cases are in children, but only a fraction receive proper diagnosis and treatment. The spread of drug-resistant (DR) strain of TB has made it difficult to control, with only 60% of patients responding to treatment. Multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) is often undiagnosed in children due to lack of awareness or under-diagnosis, and the target for children's DR-TB treatment has only been met in 15% of goals. New medications such as bedaquiline and delamanid have been approved for treating DR-TB. However, due to age and weight differences, adults and children require different dosages. The availability of child-friendly formulations is limited by a lack of clinical data in children. This paper reviews the development history of these drugs, their mechanism of action, efficacy, safety potential problems and current use in treating DR-TB in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanzhao Zhu
- Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xintong Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zengfang Zhuang
- Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lianju Li
- Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Bi
- Baoding Hospital of Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Baoding Key Laboratory for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases in Children, Baoding, China
| | - Kaixia Mi
- Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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107
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Darbandi N, Komijani M, Tajiani Z. New findings about comparing the effects of antibiotic therapy and phage therapy on memory and hippocampal pyramidal cells in rats. J Clin Lab Anal 2023; 37:e24942. [PMID: 37455445 PMCID: PMC10431414 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a significant cause of infection in burn wounds. Antibiotics are widely used to treat infectious diseases, and alongside their therapeutic benefits, they can damage host cells. Significant side effects, such as nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity, are observed in 60% of patients treated with colistin. Therefore, using a suitable alternative instead of antibiotics is paramount. This study aimed to investigate the effects of phage therapy and antibiotic therapy on memory function in rats with P. aeruginosa infected burn wounds. METHODS Adult male rats were divided into three groups: (1) infected without treatment (control), (2) infected and treated with colistin antibiotic (3,000,000 international units/kg/day), and (3) infected and treated with 100 μL of phage suspension (approximately 109 PFU/mL). In all animals, after anesthesia, a third-degree burn was created in the back area. One hour later, treatment was performed for seven consecutive days. Passive avoidance test, novel object recognition test, locomotion activity, hippocampal neuron count, and oxidative stress measurement in blood serum were performed. RESULTS In antibiotic-treated group memory recall, recognition index, number of healthy neurons in CA1, CA2, and CA3 hippocampus areas and the amounts of MDA, and FRAP significantly decreased compared with the control group. The phage-treated group was not shown any harmful effect on the memory process, number of healthy hippocampal neurons, and showed more positive effects in blood serum examinations compared with the antibiotic group. CONCLUSIONS Phage therapy could be a safe and effective alternative to antibiotics in the treatment of burn-related infections.
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108
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Costa MJ, Pastrana LM, Teixeira JA, Sillankorva SM, Cerqueira MA. Bacteriophage Delivery Systems for Food Applications: Opportunities and Perspectives. Viruses 2023; 15:1271. [PMID: 37376571 DOI: 10.3390/v15061271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, one-third of all food produced worldwide is wasted or lost, and bacterial contamination is one of the main reasons. Moreover, foodborne diseases are a severe problem, causing more than 420,000 deaths and nearly 600 million illnesses yearly, demanding more attention to food safety. Thus, new solutions need to be explored to tackle these problems. A possible solution for bacterial contamination is using bacteriophages (phages), which are harmless to humans; these natural viruses can be used to prevent or reduce food contamination by foodborne pathogens. In this regard, several studies showed the effectiveness of phages against bacteria. However, when used in their free form, phages can lose infectivity, decreasing the application in foods. To overcome this problem, new delivery systems are being studied to incorporate phages and ensure prolonged activity and controlled release in food systems. This review focuses on the existent and new phage delivery systems applied in the food industry to promote food safety. Initially, an overview of phages, their main advantages, and challenges is presented, followed by the different delivery systems, focused in methodologies, and biomaterials that can be used. In the end, examples of phage applications in foods are disclosed and future perspectives are approached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Costa
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Lorenzo M Pastrana
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - José A Teixeira
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Sanna M Sillankorva
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Miguel A Cerqueira
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
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Khambhati K, Bhattacharjee G, Gohil N, Maurya R, Singh V. Exploring the potential of phage and their applications. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 200:1-12. [PMID: 37739550 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistant microorganisms are significantly increasing due to horizontal gene transfer, mutation and overdose of antibiotics leading to serious health conditions globally. Several multidrug resistant microorganisms have shown resistance to even the last line of antibiotics making it very difficult to treat them. Besides using antibiotics, an alternative approach to treat such resistant bacterial pathogens through the use of bacteriophage (phage) was used in the early 1900s which however declined and vanished after the discovery of antibiotics. In recent times, phage has emerged and gained interest as an alternative approach to antibiotics to treat MDR pathogens. Phage can self-replicate by utilizing cellular machinery of bacterial host by following lytic and lysogenic life cycles and therefore suitable for rapid regeneration. Application of phage for detection of bacterial pathogens, elimination of bacteria, agents for controlling food spoilage, treating human disease and several others entitles phage as a futuristic antibacterial armamentarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushal Khambhati
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Gargi Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Nisarg Gohil
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Rupesh Maurya
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Vijai Singh
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, India.
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Chen X, Mendes BG, Alves BS, Duan Y. Phage therapy in gut microbiome. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 201:93-118. [PMID: 37770177 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Phage therapy, the use of bacteriophage viruses for bacterial infection treatment, has been around for almost a century, but with the increase in antibiotic use, its importance has declined rapidly. There has been renewed interest in revisiting this practice due to the general decline in the effectiveness of antibiotics, combined with improved understanding of human microbiota and advances in sequencing technologies. Phage therapy has been proposed as a clinical alternative to restore the gut microbiota in the absence of an effective treatment. That is due to its immunomodulatory and bactericidal effects against its target bacteria. In the gastrointestinal diseases field, phage therapy has been studied mainly as a promising tool in infectious diseases treatment, such as cholera and diarrhea. However, many studies have been conducted in non-communicable diseases, such as the targeting of adherent invasive Escherichia coli in Crohn's disease, the treatment of Clostridioides difficile in ulcerative colitis, the eradication of Fusobacterium nucleatum in colorectal cancer, the targeting of alcohol-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, or Enterococcus faecalis in alcohol-associated hepatitis. This review will summarize the changes in the gut microbiota and the phageome in association with some gastrointestinal and liver diseases and highlight the recent scientific advances in phage therapy as a therapeutic tool for their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyao Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China; The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Beatriz G Mendes
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Bruno Secchi Alves
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Yi Duan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China; The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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111
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Petrovic Fabijan A, Iredell J, Danis-Wlodarczyk K, Kebriaei R, Abedon ST. Translating phage therapy into the clinic: Recent accomplishments but continuing challenges. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002119. [PMID: 37220114 PMCID: PMC10204993 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Phage therapy is a medical form of biological control of bacterial infections, one that uses naturally occurring viruses, called bacteriophages or phages, as antibacterial agents. Pioneered over 100 years ago, phage therapy nonetheless is currently experiencing a resurgence in interest, with growing numbers of clinical case studies being published. This renewed enthusiasm is due in large part to phage therapy holding promise for providing safe and effective cures for bacterial infections that traditional antibiotics acting alone have been unable to clear. This Essay introduces basic phage biology, provides an outline of the long history of phage therapy, highlights some advantages of using phages as antibacterial agents, and provides an overview of recent phage therapy clinical successes. Although phage therapy has clear clinical potential, it faces biological, regulatory, and economic challenges to its further implementation and more mainstream acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Petrovic Fabijan
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Medicine, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jonathan Iredell
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Medicine, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katarzyna Danis-Wlodarczyk
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Razieh Kebriaei
- P3 Research Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Stephen T. Abedon
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Mansfield, Ohio, United States of America
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112
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Kraus C, Sontheimer EJ. Applications of Anti-CRISPR Proteins in Genome Editing and Biotechnology. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168120. [PMID: 37100169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
In the ten years since the discovery of the first anti-CRISPR (Acr) proteins, the number of validated Acrs has expanded rapidly, as has our understanding of the diverse mechanisms they employ to suppress natural CRISPR-Cas immunity. Many, though not all, function via direct, specific interaction with Cas protein effectors. The abilities of Acr proteins to modulate the activities and properties of CRISPR-Cas effectors have been exploited for an ever-increasing spectrum of biotechnological uses, most of which involve the establishment of control over genome editing systems. This control can be used to minimize off-target editing, restrict editing based on spatial, temporal, or conditional cues, limit the spread of gene drive systems, and select for genome-edited bacteriophages. Anti-CRISPRs have also been developed to overcome bacterial immunity, facilitate viral vector production, control synthetic gene circuits, and other purposes. The impressive and ever-growing diversity of Acr inhibitory mechanisms will continue to allow the tailored applications of Acrs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik J Sontheimer
- RNA Therapeutics Institute; Program in Molecular Medicine, and; Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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Hitchcock NM, Devequi Gomes Nunes D, Shiach J, Valeria Saraiva Hodel K, Dantas Viana Barbosa J, Alencar Pereira Rodrigues L, Coler BS, Botelho Pereira Soares M, Badaró R. Current Clinical Landscape and Global Potential of Bacteriophage Therapy. Viruses 2023; 15:v15041020. [PMID: 37113000 PMCID: PMC10146840 DOI: 10.3390/v15041020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to the global spread of antimicrobial resistance, there is an increased demand for novel and innovative antimicrobials. Bacteriophages have been known for their potential clinical utility in lysing bacteria for almost a century. Social pressures and the concomitant introduction of antibiotics in the mid-1900s hindered the widespread adoption of these naturally occurring bactericides. Recently, however, phage therapy has re-emerged as a promising strategy for combatting antimicrobial resistance. A unique mechanism of action and cost-effective production promotes phages as an ideal solution for addressing antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections, particularly in lower- and middle-income countries. As the number of phage-related research labs worldwide continues to grow, it will be increasingly important to encourage the expansion of well-developed clinical trials, the standardization of the production and storage of phage cocktails, and the advancement of international collaboration. In this review, we discuss the history, benefits, and limitations of bacteriophage research and its current role in the setting of addressing antimicrobial resistance with a specific focus on active clinical trials and case reports of phage therapy administration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danielle Devequi Gomes Nunes
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems, University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, BA, Brazil
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Salvador 40291-710, BA, Brazil
| | - Job Shiach
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Katharine Valeria Saraiva Hodel
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems, University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, BA, Brazil
| | - Josiane Dantas Viana Barbosa
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems, University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Brahm Seymour Coler
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems, University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, BA, Brazil
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Salvador 40291-710, BA, Brazil
| | - Roberto Badaró
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems, University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, BA, Brazil
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Abedon ST. Bacteriophage Adsorption: Likelihood of Virion Encounter with Bacteria and Other Factors Affecting Rates. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:723. [PMID: 37107086 PMCID: PMC10135360 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
For ideal gasses, the likelihood of collision of two molecules is a function of concentrations as well as environmental factors such as temperature. This too is the case for particles diffusing within liquids. Two such particles are bacteria and their viruses, the latter called bacteriophages or phages. Here, I review the basic process of predicting the likelihoods of phage collision with bacteria. This is a key step governing rates of phage-virion adsorption to their bacterial hosts, thereby underlying a large fraction of the potential for a given phage concentration to affect a susceptible bacterial population. Understanding what can influence those rates is very relevant to appreciating both phage ecology and the phage therapy of bacterial infections, i.e., where phages are used to augment or replace antibiotics; so too adsorption rates are highly important for predicting the potential for phage-mediated biological control of environmental bacteria. Particularly emphasized here, however, are numerous complications on phage adsorption rates beyond as dictated by the ideals of standard adsorption theory. These include movements other than due to diffusion, various hindrances to diffusive movement, and the influence of assorted heterogeneities. Considered chiefly are the biological consequences of these various phenomena rather than their mathematical underpinnings.
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115
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Fishman CB, Crawford KD, Bhattarai-Kline S, Zhang K, González-Delgado A, Shipman SL. Continuous Multiplexed Phage Genome Editing Using Recombitrons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.24.534024. [PMID: 36993281 PMCID: PMC10055335 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.24.534024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophages, which naturally shape bacterial communities, can be co-opted as a biological technology to help eliminate pathogenic bacteria from our bodies and food supply1. Phage genome editing is a critical tool to engineer more effective phage technologies. However, editing phage genomes has traditionally been a low efficiency process that requires laborious screening, counter selection, or in vitro construction of modified genomes2. These requirements impose limitations on the type and throughput of phage modifications, which in turn limit our knowledge and potential for innovation. Here, we present a scalable approach for engineering phage genomes using recombitrons: modified bacterial retrons3 that generate recombineering donor DNA paired with single stranded binding and annealing proteins to integrate those donors into phage genomes. This system can efficiently create genome modifications in multiple phages without the need for counterselection. Moreover, the process is continuous, with edits accumulating in the phage genome the longer the phage is cultured with the host, and multiplexable, with different editing hosts contributing distinct mutations along the genome of a phage in a mixed culture. In lambda phage, as an example, recombitrons yield single-base substitutions at up to 99% efficiency and up to 5 distinct mutations installed on a single phage genome, all without counterselection and only a few hours of hands-on time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe B. Fishman
- Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kate D. Crawford
- Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Santi Bhattarai-Kline
- Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCLA-Caltech Medical Scientist Training Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karen Zhang
- Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Seth L. Shipman
- Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA
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Hossain M, Aslan B, Hatoum-Aslan A. Tandem mobilization of anti-phage defenses alongside SCC mec cassettes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.17.533233. [PMID: 36993521 PMCID: PMC10055296 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.17.533233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial viruses (phages) and the immune systems targeted against them significantly impact bacterial survival, evolution, and the emergence of pathogenic strains. While recent research has made spectacular strides towards discovering and validating new defenses in a few model organisms1-3, the inventory of immune systems in clinically-relevant bacteria remains underexplored, and little is known about the mechanisms by which these systems horizontally spread. Such pathways not only impact the evolutionary trajectory of bacterial pathogens, but also threaten to undermine the effectiveness of phage-based therapeutics. Here, we investigate the battery of defenses in staphylococci, opportunistic pathogens that constitute leading causes of antibiotic-resistant infections. We show that these organisms harbor a variety of anti-phage defenses encoded within/near the infamous SCC (staphylococcal cassette chromosome) mec cassettes, mobile genomic islands that confer methicillin resistance. Importantly, we demonstrate that SCCmec-encoded recombinases mobilize not only SCCmec, but also tandem cassettes enriched with diverse defenses. Further, we show that phage infection potentiates cassette mobilization. Taken together, our findings reveal that beyond spreading antibiotic resistance, SCCmec cassettes play a central role in disseminating anti-phage defenses. This work underscores the urgent need for developing adjunctive treatments that target this pathway to save the burgeoning phage therapeutics from suffering the same fate as conventional antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motaher Hossain
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Microbiology, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Barbaros Aslan
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Microbiology, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Asma Hatoum-Aslan
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Microbiology, Urbana, IL, USA
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Nir-Paz R, Kuijper EJ. Bacteriophage therapy in humans. Clin Microbiol Infect 2023:S1198-743X(23)00125-8. [PMID: 36914071 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Nir-Paz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah Medical Center and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Ed J Kuijper
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Microbiota Analysis and Therapeutics Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
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118
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Williams J, Severin J, Temperton B, Mitchelmore PJ. Phage Therapy Administration Route, Regimen, and Need for Supplementary Antibiotics in Patients with Chronic Suppurative Lung Disease. PHAGE (NEW ROCHELLE, N.Y.) 2023; 4:4-10. [PMID: 37214654 PMCID: PMC10196080 DOI: 10.1089/phage.2022.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is leading to increased mortality, posing risk to those with chronic suppurative lung disease (CSLD). One therapeutic option may be to target treatment-resistant bacteria using viruses (bacteriophages [phages]). Currently, patients receiving phage therapy on compassionate grounds may not be receiving optimal treatment as there is no defined approach for phage use. This review aims to explore administration route, regimen, and need for supplementary antibiotics in phage therapy to treat bacterial infection in CSLD. Twelve articles totaling 18 participants included details of numerous phage administration routes with varying regimens. All articles reported an initial reduction of bacterial load or an improvement in patient symptoms, highlighting the potential of phage therapy in CSLD. Fifteen out of 18 used supplementary antibiotics. Standardized protocols informed by high-quality research are necessary to ensure safe and effective phage therapy. In the interim, systematic recording of information within case reports may be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Williams
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - James Severin
- Torbay and South Devon NHS Foundation Trust, Torquay, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Temperton
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J. Mitchelmore
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom
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119
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Topical phage therapy in a mouse model of Cutibacterium acnes-induced acne-like lesions. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1005. [PMID: 36813793 PMCID: PMC9947178 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36694-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a common neutrophil-driven inflammatory skin disorder in which Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) is known to play a key role. For decades, antibiotics have been widely employed to treat acne vulgaris, inevitably resulting in increased bacterial antibiotic resistance. Phage therapy is a promising strategy to combat the growing challenge of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, utilizing viruses that specifically lyse bacteria. Herein, we explore the feasibility of phage therapy against C. acnes. Eight novel phages, isolated in our laboratory, and commonly used antibiotics eradicate 100% of clinically isolated C. acnes strains. Topical phage therapy in a C. acnes-induced acne-like lesions mouse model affords significantly superior clinical and histological scores. Moreover, the decrease in inflammatory response was reflected by the reduced expression of chemokine CXCL2, neutrophil infiltration, and other inflammatory cytokines when compared with the infected-untreated group. Overall, these findings indicate the potential of phage therapy for acne vulgaris as an additional tool to conventional antibiotics.
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120
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Wegrzyn A. Editorial: Women in phage biology: 2022. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1193890. [PMID: 37168117 PMCID: PMC10165065 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1193890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
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García-Cruz JC, Huelgas-Méndez D, Jiménez-Zúñiga JS, Rebollar-Juárez X, Hernández-Garnica M, Fernández-Presas AM, Husain FM, Alenazy R, Alqasmi M, Albalawi T, Alam P, García-Contreras R. Myriad applications of bacteriophages beyond phage therapy. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15272. [PMID: 37101788 PMCID: PMC10124553 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages are the most abundant biological entity on the planet, having pivotal roles in bacterial ecology, animal and plant health, and in the biogeochemical cycles. Although, in principle, phages are simple entities that replicate at the expense of their bacterial hosts, due the importance of bacteria in all aspects of nature, they have the potential to influence and modify diverse processes, either in subtle or profound ways. Traditionally, the main application of bacteriophages is phage therapy, which is their utilization to combat and help to clear bacterial infections, from enteric diseases, to skin infections, chronic infections, sepsis, etc. Nevertheless, phages can also be potentially used for several other tasks, including food preservation, disinfection of surfaces, treatment of several dysbioses, and modulation of microbiomes. Phages may also be used as tools for the treatment of non-bacterial infections and pest control in agriculture; moreover, they can be used to decrease bacterial virulence and antibiotic resistance and even to combat global warming. In this review manuscript we discuss these possible applications and promote their implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos García-Cruz
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidad Nacional de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Huelgas-Méndez
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidad Nacional de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Santiago Jiménez-Zúñiga
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidad Nacional de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Xareni Rebollar-Juárez
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidad Nacional de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mariel Hernández-Garnica
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidad Nacional de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana María Fernández-Presas
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidad Nacional de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fohad Mabood Husain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawaf Alenazy
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences-Shaqra, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alqasmi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences-Shaqra, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer Albalawi
- Department of Biology, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pravej Alam
- Department of Biology, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rodolfo García-Contreras
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidad Nacional de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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