101
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Taheri S, Banaee M, Nematdoost Haghi B, Mohiseni M. Evaluation of Nephrotoxic Effects of Aflatoxins on Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio). IRANIAN JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.29252/arakmu.11.2.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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102
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Zhang NY, Qi M, Zhao L, Zhu MK, Guo J, Liu J, Gu CQ, Rajput SA, Krumm CS, Qi DS, Sun LH. Curcumin Prevents Aflatoxin B₁ Hepatoxicity by Inhibition of Cytochrome P450 Isozymes in Chick Liver. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:E327. [PMID: 27834912 PMCID: PMC5127124 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8110327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to establish if Curcumin (CM) alleviates Aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁)-induced hepatotoxic effects and to determine whether alteration of the expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isozymes is involved in the regulation of these effects in chick liver. One-day-old male broilers (n = 120) were divided into four groups and used in a two by two factorial trial in which the main factors included supplementing AFB₁ (< 5 vs. 100 μg/kg) and CM (0 vs. 150 mg/kg) in a corn/soybean-based diet. Administration of AFB₁ induced liver injury, significantly decreasing albumin and total protein concentrations and increasing alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities in serum, and induced hepatic histological lesions at week 2. AFB₁ also significantly decreased hepatic glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione levels, while increasing malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, and exo-AFB₁-8,9-epoxide (AFBO)-DNA concentrations. In addition, the mRNA and/or activity of enzymes responsible for the bioactivation of AFB₁ into AFBO-including CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2A6, and CYP3A4-were significantly induced in liver microsomes after 2-week exposure to AFB₁. These alterations induced by AFB₁ were prevented by CM supplementation. Conclusively, dietary CM protected chicks from AFB₁-induced liver injury, potentially through the synergistic actions of increased antioxidant capacities and inhibition of the pivotal CYP450 isozyme-mediated activation of AFB₁ to toxic AFBO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni-Ya Zhang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Ming Qi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Ming-Kun Zhu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jiao Guo
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Chang-Qin Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Shahid Ali Rajput
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | | | - De-Sheng Qi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Lv-Hui Sun
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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103
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Hafner D, Szabó A, D’Costa L, Szabó-Fodor J, Tornyos G, Blochné Bodnár Z, Ölbeiné Horvatovich K, Baloghné Zándoki E, Bóta B, Kovács M. Individual and combined effects of feed artificially contaminated with with fumonisin B1 and T-2 toxin in weaned rabbits. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2016. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2016.2067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Co-contamination of feed and feed raw materials with two or more mycotoxins is frequently reported, however, only a few studies have investigated the combined effects of low doses of multiple mycotoxins. In the present study the individual and combined effects of 10 mg/kg fumonisin B1 and 2 mg/kg T-2 toxin (n=12/group) were investigated in weaned rabbits. Mycotoxin contaminated feed was produced by adding fungal cultures of Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium sporotrichioides, and fed to 40 days old rabbits during 28 days. Feed intake and body weight were measured weekly, serum biochemistry and antioxidant parameters on day 0, 14 and 28, while histopathological examination and comet assay were performed at the end of the experiment. T-2 exposure both alone and in combination resulted in 15-18% less final body weight compared to the control and FB1 treatment. There was a significant increase in the concentration of plasma total protein, albumin, fructosamine and creatinine in the group treated with FB1 compared to the control. The liver and the kidney of most animals treated with T-2 toxin, FB1 and their combination showed pathological changes, occurring more frequent in animals exposed to both toxins. T-2 resulted in depletion of lymphocytes in the spleen. FB1 and T-2 exerted synergistic effect on the antioxidant/oxidative parameters after 2 weeks of exposure, manifesting in less glutathione and glutathione peroxidase, while more malondialdehyde was produced. Both toxins caused DNA damage in the lymphocytes, which was more pronounced in the group fed T-2 toxin and T-2 combined with FB1, without additive or synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Hafner
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Kaposvár University, Guba S. 40., Kaposvár 7400, Hungary
| | - A. Szabó
- Institute of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiation Oncology, Kaposvár University, Guba S. 40., Kaposvár 7400, Hungary
| | - L. D’Costa
- MTA-KE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Kaposvár University, Guba S. 40., Kaposvár 7400, Hungary
| | - J. Szabó-Fodor
- MTA-KE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Kaposvár University, Guba S. 40., Kaposvár 7400, Hungary
| | - G. Tornyos
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Kaposvár University, Guba S. 40., Kaposvár 7400, Hungary
| | - Zs. Blochné Bodnár
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Kaposvár University, Guba S. 40., Kaposvár 7400, Hungary
| | - K. Ölbeiné Horvatovich
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Kaposvár University, Guba S. 40., Kaposvár 7400, Hungary
| | - E. Baloghné Zándoki
- MTA-KE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Kaposvár University, Guba S. 40., Kaposvár 7400, Hungary
| | - B. Bóta
- MTA-KE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Kaposvár University, Guba S. 40., Kaposvár 7400, Hungary
| | - M. Kovács
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Kaposvár University, Guba S. 40., Kaposvár 7400, Hungary
- MTA-KE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Kaposvár University, Guba S. 40., Kaposvár 7400, Hungary
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104
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Liu T, Ma Q, Zhao L, Jia R, Zhang J, Ji C, Wang X. Protective Effects of Sporoderm-Broken Spores of Ganderma lucidum on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Function of Broiler Chickens Exposed to Low Level of Aflatoxin B₁. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8100278. [PMID: 27669305 PMCID: PMC5086638 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the toxic effects of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) and evaluate the effects of sporoderm-broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum (SSGL) in relieving aflatoxicosis in broilers. A total of 300 one-day-old male Arbor Acre broiler chickens were randomly divided into four dietary treatments; the treatment diets were: Control (a basal diet containing normal peanut meal); AFB₁ (the basal diet containing AFB₁-contaminated peanut meal); SSGL (basal diet with 200 mg/kg of SSGL); AFB₁+SSGL (supplementation of 200 mg/kg of SSGL in AFB₁ diet). The contents of AFB₁ in AFB₁ and AFB₁+SSGL diets were 25.0 μg/kg in the starter period and 22.5 μg/kg in the finisher period. The results showed that diet contaminated with a low level of AFB₁ significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the average daily feed intake and average daily gain during the entire experiment and reduced (p < 0.05) serum contents of total protein IgA and IgG. Furthermore, a dietary low level of AFB₁ not only increased (p < 0.05) levels of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation, but also decreased (p < 0.05) total antioxidant capability, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and hydroxyl radical scavenger activity in the liver and spleen of broilers. Moreover, the addition of SSGL to AFB₁-contaminated diet counteracted these negative effects, indicating that SSGL has a protective effect against aflatoxicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Qiugang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ru Jia
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Cheng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xinyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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105
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Abdel-Wahhab MA, Salman AS, Ibrahim MIM, El-Kady AA, Abdel-Aziem SH, Hassan NS, Waly AI. Curcumin nanoparticles loaded hydrogels protects against aflatoxin B1-induced genotoxicity in rat liver. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 94:159-171. [PMID: 27288928 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to evaluate the protective role of curcumin nanoparticles loaded hydrogels (Cur-NPs-Hgs) against AFB1-induced genotoxicity in rat liver. Animals were divided into 7 treatment groups and treated orally for 3 weeks as follow: the control group, the group treated with Hgs alone (0.5 ml/rat), the groups treated with low or high dose of Cur-NPs-Hgs (100 or 200 mg/kg b.w), the group treated with AFB1 (0.125 mg/kg b.w) and the groups treated with AFB1 plus the low or high dose of Cur-NPs-Hgs. Blood ant liver samples were collected for different biochemical, genetical, histological and histochemical analysis. The results revealed that the prepared Cur-NPs have nearly spherical shape with average size of 140 ± 20 nm and negative zeta potential value of 30.7 ± 2.57 mV. The in vivo results showed that treatment with AFB1 decreased the body weight accompanied biochemical, genotoxicity and histological disturbances. The combined treatment with AFB1 and Cur-Nps-Hgs at the two tested doses succeeded to induce a significant protection against AFB1. It could be concluded that Cur-NPs-Hgs is a promise candidate to protect against AFB1-induce liver damage in the high incidence area. Moreover, Hgs are excellent candidates as drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosaad A Abdel-Wahhab
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa S Salman
- Genetic and Cytology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I M Ibrahim
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A El-Kady
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Nabila S Hassan
- Pathology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Waly
- Preperation and Finishing of Cellulosic Materials Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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106
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Liu Y, Wang W. Aflatoxin B1 impairs mitochondrial functions, activates ROS generation, induces apoptosis and involves Nrf2 signal pathway in primary broiler hepatocytes. Anim Sci J 2016; 87:1490-1500. [PMID: 26997555 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is known as a mycotoxin that causes various health problems in animals, but the precise mechanism of AFB1 on mitochondrial functions and apoptosis in primary broiler hepatocytes (PBHs) is not clear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of AFB1 on the mitochondrial functions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptosis and nuclear factor erythroid 2-like factor 2 (Nrf2)-related signal pathway in PBHs. Here, the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), ROS generation, antioxidative genes and apoptosis in PBHs induced by AFB1 were investigated. The results showed that AFB1 evoked mitochondrial ROS generation, decreased MMP and induced apoptosis in PBHs. AFB1 increased the percentage of apoptotic cells, and expression of caspase-9 and caspase-3, upregulated messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of Nrf2 and downregulated mRNA expressions of NAD(P)H: quinine oxidoreductase 1, superoxide dismutase and Heme oxygenase 1 in PBHs. The expression of Bax was also observed in cytoplasm. These findings suggested AFB1 results in a significant impairment of mitochondrial functions, activates ROS generation, induces apoptosis, and is involved in Nrf2 signal pathway through mitochondria ROS-dependent signal pathways in PBHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
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107
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Zhang NY, Qi M, Gao X, Zhao L, Liu J, Gu CQ, Song WJ, Krumm CS, Sun LH, Qi DS. Response of the hepatic transcriptome to aflatoxin B1 in ducklings. Toxicon 2016; 111:69-76. [PMID: 26763128 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on the hepatic transcriptome in ducklings through RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq). Twenty four, 1-day-old ducklings were divided into 4 treatment groups. Each group received an oral dose of AFB1 at 0, 10, 20, 40 μg/kg BW per day for 2 weeks. Administration of 20 and 40 μg/kg BW of AFB1 significantly decreased body weight, feed intake, serum total protein and albumin, while increasing serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities, and hepatic histopathological lesions. Furthermore, RNA was extracted from the liver of ducklings administrated 0 and 40 μg/kg BW of AFB1. Two RNA-Seq libraries were created from pooled samples and produced over 149 M reads, totaling 14.9 Gb of sequence. Approximately 96,953 predicted transcripts were assembled, 749 of which had significant differential expressions (≥ 2-fold) between the control and AFB1 treatment. GO and KEGG pathway analysis results showed that many genes involved in phase I metabolism, phase II detoxification, oxidation-reduction process, carcinogenesis, apoptosis and cell cycle, and fatty acid metabolism were affected by AFB1 exposure. Conclusion, this study determined the hepatic transcriptome responded to AFB1 exposure, and provide candidate genes can be targeted to prevent and/or reduce aflatoxicosis in ducklings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni-Ya Zhang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Ming Qi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Chang-Qin Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Wen-Jing Song
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | | | - Lv-Hui Sun
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - De-Sheng Qi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
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108
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Hove M, Van Poucke C, Njumbe-Ediage E, Nyanga L, De Saeger S. Review on the natural co-occurrence of AFB1 and FB1 in maize and the combined toxicity of AFB1 and FB1. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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109
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Hassan AM, Abdel-Aziem SH, El-Nekeety AA, Abdel-Wahhab MA. Panax ginseng extract modulates oxidative stress, DNA fragmentation and up-regulate gene expression in rats sub chronically treated with aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B 1. Cytotechnology 2015; 67:861-871. [PMID: 24748134 PMCID: PMC4545437 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9726-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins and fumonisins are important food-borne mycotoxins implicated in human health and have cytotoxic effects. The aims of the current study were to evaluate the protective role of Panax ginseng extract (PGE) against the synergistic effect of subchronic administration of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) on DNA and gene expression in rat. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into eight groups (ten rats/group) and treated for 12 weeks including the control group, the group having received AFB1 (80 µg/kg bw), the group having received FB1 (100 µg/kg bw), the group having received AFB1 plus FB1 and the groups having received PGE (20 mg/kg bw) alone or with AFB1 and/or FB1. At the end of experiment, liver and kidney were collected for the determination of DNA fragmentation, lipid peroxidation (LP), glutathione (GSH) contents and alterations in gene expression. The results indicated that these mycotoxins increased DNA fragmentation, LP and decreased GSH content in liver and kidney and down-regulated gene expression of antioxidants enzymes. The combined treatments with AFB1 and/or FB1 plus PGE suppressed DNA fragmentation only in the liver, normalized LP and increased GSH in the liver and kidney as well as up-regulated the expression of GPx, SOD1 and CAT mRNA. It could be concluded that AFB1 and FB1 have synergistic genotoxic effects. PGE induced protective effects against their oxidative stress and genotoxicity through its antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziza M. Hassan
- />Cell Biology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
- />Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, KSA
| | | | - Aziza A. El-Nekeety
- />Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mosaad A. Abdel-Wahhab
- />Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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110
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Wang X, Wu Q, Wan D, Liu Q, Chen D, Liu Z, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Martínez MA, Anadón A, Yuan Z. Fumonisins: oxidative stress-mediated toxicity and metabolism in vivo and in vitro. Arch Toxicol 2015; 90:81-101. [PMID: 26419546 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1604-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Fumonisins (FBs) are widespread Fusarium toxins commonly found as corn contaminants. FBs could cause a variety of diseases in animals and humans, such as hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, hepatocarcinogenic and cytotoxic effects in mammals. To date, almost no review has addressed the toxicity of FBs in relation to oxidative stress and their metabolism. The focus of this article is primarily intended to summarize the progress in research associated with oxidative stress as a plausible mechanism for FB-induced toxicity as well as the metabolism. The present review showed that studies have been carried out over the last three decades to elucidate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress as a result of FBs treatment and have correlated them with various types of FBs toxicity, indicating that oxidative stress plays critical roles in the toxicity of FBs. The major metabolic pathways of FBs are hydrolysis, acylation and transamination. Ceramide synthase, carboxylesterase FumD and aminotransferase FumI could degrade FB1 and FB2. The cecal microbiota of pigs and alkaline processing such as nixtamalization can also transform FB1 into metabolites. Most of the metabolites of FB1 were less toxic than FB1, except its partial (pHFB1) metabolites. Further understanding of the role of oxidative stress in FB-induced toxicity will throw new light on the use of antioxidants, scavengers of ROS, as well as on the blind spots of metabolism and the metabolizing enzymes of FBs. The present review might contribute to reveal the toxicity of FBs and help to protect against their oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Departamento de Toxicología y Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Dan Wan
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Qianying Liu
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Zhenli Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - María Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga
- Departamento de Toxicología y Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Aránzazu Martínez
- Departamento de Toxicología y Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Departamento de Toxicología y Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China. .,MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China. .,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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111
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Poersch AB, Trombetta F, Souto NS, de Oliveira Lima C, Braga ACM, Dobrachinski F, Ribeiro LR, Soares FAA, Fighera MR, Royes LFF, Oliveira MS, Furian AF. Fumonisin B1 facilitates seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol in mice. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2015; 51:61-7. [PMID: 26342287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a Fusarium spp. mycotoxin which constitutes a major public health issue because of its worldwide distribution and diversity of toxic effects.While the liver and kidney are considered the major target organs of FB1 toxicity in several species, evidence indicates that FB1 may be toxic to the brain. To further investigate the effects of FB1 on the central nervous system the present study aimed to test the hypothesis that acute FB1 exposure causes brain hyperexcitability and the potential underlying mechanisms. For these purposes, adult male C57BL/6 mice were injected with FB1 (8 mg/kg, i.p.) or its vehicle and 30 min thereafter received with a low dose of the classical convulsant pentylenetetrazol (PTZ, 30 mg/kg, i.p.) or its vehicle. After behavioral evaluation the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus were collected for analysis of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and mitochondrial complex I and II activities. We found that FB1 reduced the latency for PTZ-induced myoclonic jerks and increased the number of these events. After exposure to FB1 total and α1 Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activities increased in cerebral cortex, whereas the same enzyme activities decreased in the hippocampus. Although no changes in mitochondrial complex I and II activities were found, acute exposure to FB1 increased ΔΨm in the cerebral cortex. Altogether, present results indicate that FB1 causes brain hyperexcitability in vivo, and that mitochondrial dysfunction may represent a potential underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Bertotto Poersch
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Francielle Trombetta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Naiéli Schiefelbein Souto
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Camilla de Oliveira Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Monteiro Braga
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Fernando Dobrachinski
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus UFSM, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Leandro Rodrigo Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Félix Alexandre Antunes Soares
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus UFSM, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Michele Rechia Fighera
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Freire Royes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus UFSM, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Mauro Schneider Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus UFSM, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Furian
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.
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Wu L, Liao P, He L, Ren W, Yin J, Duan J, Li T. Growth performance, serum biochemical profile, jejunal morphology, and the expression of nutrients transporter genes in deoxynivalenol (DON)- challenged growing pigs. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:144. [PMID: 26138080 PMCID: PMC4490653 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0449-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusarium infection with concurrent production of deoxynivalenol (DON) causes an increasing safety concern with feed worldwide. This study was conducted to determine the effects of varying levels of DON in diets on growth performance, serum biochemical profile, jejunal morphology, and the differential expression of nutrients transporter genes in growing pigs. RESULTS A total of twenty-four 60-day-old healthy growing pigs (initial body weight = 16.3 ± 1.5 kg SE) were individually housed and randomly assigned to receive one of four diets containing 0, 3, 6 or 12 mg DON/kg feed for 21 days. Differences were observed between control and the 12 mg/kg DON treatment group with regards to average daily gain (ADG), although the value for average daily feed intake (ADFI) in the 3 mg/kg DON treatment group was slightly higher than that in control (P<0.01). The relative liver weight in the 12 mg/kg DON treatment group was significantly greater than that in the control (P<0.01), but there were no significant differences in other organs. With regard to serum biochemistry, the values of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) in the 3 treatment groups were higher than those in the control, and the serum concentrations of L-valine, glycine, L-serine, and L-glutamine were significantly reduced in the 3 treatment groups, especially in the 12 mg/kg DON group (P<0.01). Serum total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were markedly decreased after exposure to DON contaminated feeds (P<0.01). The villi height was markedly decreased and the lymphocyte cell numbers markedly increased in the 3 DON contaminated feeds (P<0.01). The mRNA expression levels of excitatory amino acid transporter-3 (EAAC-3), sodium-glucose transporter-1 (SGLT-1), dipeptide transporter-1 (PepT-1), cationic amino acid transporter-1 (CAT-1) and y(+)L-type amino acid transporter-1 (LAT-1) in control were slightly or markedly higher than those in the 3 DON treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS These results showed that feeds containing DON cause a wide range of effects in a dose-dependent manner. Such effects includes weight loss, live injury and oxidation stress, and malabsorption of nutrients as a result of selective regulation of nutrient transporter genes such as EAAC-3, SGLT-1, PepT-1, CAT-1 and LAT-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wu
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 644# Yuandaer Road, Changsha, 410125, China.
| | - Peng Liao
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 644# Yuandaer Road, Changsha, 410125, China.
| | - Liuqin He
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 644# Yuandaer Road, Changsha, 410125, China.
| | - Wenkai Ren
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 644# Yuandaer Road, Changsha, 410125, China.
| | - Jie Yin
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 644# Yuandaer Road, Changsha, 410125, China.
| | - Jielin Duan
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 644# Yuandaer Road, Changsha, 410125, China.
| | - Tiejun Li
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 644# Yuandaer Road, Changsha, 410125, China.
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113
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Trebak F, Alaoui A, Alexandre D, El Ouezzani S, Anouar Y, Chartrel N, Magoul R. Impact of aflatoxin B1 on hypothalamic neuropeptides regulating feeding behavior. Neurotoxicology 2015; 49:165-73. [PMID: 26141519 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The presence of mycotoxins in food is a major problem of public health as they produce immunosuppressive, hepatotoxic and neurotoxic effects. Mycotoxins also induce mutagenic and carcinogenic effects after long exposure. Among mycotoxins that contaminate food are aflatoxins (AF) such as AFB1, which is the most powerful natural carcinogen. The AF poisoning results in symptoms of depression, anorexia, diarrhea, jaundice or anemia that can lead to death, but very few studies have explored the impact of AF on neuroendocrine regulations. To better understand the neurotoxic effects of AF related to anorexia, we explored in rat the impact of AFB1 on the major hypothalamic neuropeptides regulating feeding behavior, either orexigenic (NPY, Orexin, AgRP, MCH) or anorexigenic (α-MSH, CART, TRH). We also studied the effect of AFB1 on a novel neuropeptide, the secretogranin II (SgII)-derived peptide EM66, which has recently been linked to the control of food intake. For this, adult male rats were orally treated twice a week for 5 weeks with a low dose (150 μg/kg) or a high dose (300 μg/kg) of AFB1 dissolved in corn oil. Repeated exposure to AFB1 resulted in reduced body weight gain, which was highly significant for the high dose of AF. Immunocytochemical and quantitative PCR experiments revealed a dose-related decrease in the expression of all the hypothalamic neuropeptides studied in response to AFB1. Such orexigenic and anorexigenic alterations may underlie appetite disorders as they are correlated to a dose-dependent decrease in body weight gain of treated rats as compared to controls. We also found a decrease in the number of EM66-containing neurons in the arcuate nucleus of AFB1-treated animals, which was associated with a lower expression of its precursor SgII. These findings show for the first time that repeated consumption of AFB1 disrupts the hypothalamic regulation of neuropeptides involved in feeding behavior, which may contribute to the lower body weight gain associated to AF exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Trebak
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology & Nutritional and climatic Environment, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Faculty of Sciences DM, Fez, Morocco; INSERM U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Rouen University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; Normandy University, Caen, France
| | - Abdelilah Alaoui
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology & Nutritional and climatic Environment, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Faculty of Sciences DM, Fez, Morocco
| | - David Alexandre
- INSERM U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Rouen University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; Normandy University, Caen, France
| | - Seloua El Ouezzani
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology & Nutritional and climatic Environment, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Faculty of Sciences DM, Fez, Morocco
| | - Youssef Anouar
- INSERM U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Rouen University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; Normandy University, Caen, France.
| | - Nicolas Chartrel
- INSERM U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Rouen University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; Normandy University, Caen, France
| | - Rabia Magoul
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology & Nutritional and climatic Environment, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Faculty of Sciences DM, Fez, Morocco
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Zhang J, Zheng N, Liu J, Li FD, Li SL, Wang JQ. Aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin M1 induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage in differentiated and undifferentiated Caco-2 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 83:54-60. [PMID: 26051350 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) are natural mycotoxins that frequently present in food and feed and pose risks to human health. There are few data in the literature regarding the impairment of them in the intestine. Therefore, the present study investigated their cytotoxic effect on Caco-2 cells, especially the differentiated ones that resemble mature small intestinal enterocytes. Both undifferentiated (UC) and differentiated (DC) cells were treated with AFB1 and AFM1 at various concentrations for up to 72 h. Cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and DNA damage were determined. Data showed that AFB1 and AFM1 significantly inhibited UC and DC cell growth, increased LDH and caused genetic damage in a time- and dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). In comparison, AFB1 was found to be more toxic than AFM1 on both UC and DC. All these cytotoxic outcomes might be associated with intracellular ROS generation, leading to membrane damage and DNA strand break. Additionally, DC was found to be more sensitive to aflatoxins, which might be due to the alteration of enzymes during cell differentiation. The present study provided the first in vitro evidence of DNA damage of DC induced by AFB1 and AFM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - N Zheng
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - J Liu
- China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing 100027, PR China
| | - F D Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - S L Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - J Q Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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115
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Abdel-Wahhab MA, Aljawish A, El-Nekeety AA, Abdel-Aiezm SH, Abdel-Kader HA, Rihn BH, Joubert O. Chitosan nanoparticles and quercetin modulate gene expression and prevent the genotoxicity of aflatoxin B 1 in rat liver. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:737-747. [PMID: 28962409 PMCID: PMC5598511 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of the current study were to prepare chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) and to evaluate its protective role alone or in combination with quercetin (Q) against AFB1-induce cytotoxicity in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 12 groups and treated orally for 4 weeks as follow: the control group, the group treated with AFB1 (80 μg/kg b.w.) in corn oil, the groups treated with low (140 mg/kg b.w.) or high (280 mg/kg b.w.) dose of CNPs, the group treated with Q (50 mg/kg b.w.), the groups treated with Q plus the low or the high dose of CNPs and the groups treated with AFB1 plus Q and/or CNPs at the two tested doses. The results also revealed that administration of AFB1 resulted in a significant increase in serum cytokines, Procollagen III, Nitric Oxide, lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation accompanied with a significant decrease in GPx I and Cu-Zn SOD-mRNA gene expression. Q and/or CNPs at the two tested doses overcome these effects especially in the group treated with the high dose of CNPs plus Q. It could be concluded that CNPs is a promise candidate as drug delivery enhances the protective effect of Q against the cytogenetic effects of AFB1 in high endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosaad A. Abdel-Wahhab
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdulhadi Aljawish
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Biomolécules (LIBio), 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA40602-F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Aziza A. El-Nekeety
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Bertrand H. Rihn
- Faculty of Pharmacy, EA 3452 CITHEFOR, Lorraine University, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Joubert
- Faculty of Pharmacy, EA 3452 CITHEFOR, Lorraine University, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
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116
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Sun LH, Zhang NY, Zhu MK, Zhao L, Zhou JC, Qi DS. Prevention of Aflatoxin B1 Hepatoxicity by Dietary Selenium Is Associated with Inhibition of Cytochrome P450 Isozymes and Up-Regulation of 6 Selenoprotein Genes in Chick Liver. J Nutr 2015; 146:655-661. [PMID: 26962192 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.224626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The involvement of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isozymes and the selenogenome in selenium-mediated protection against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced adverse effects in broilers remains unclear. OBJECTIVE This study was designed first to determine whether selenium could reduce AFB1-induced hepatotoxic effects and then to determine whether these effects were due to changes in the CYP450 isozymes and selenogenome expression in the liver of chicks. METHODS Male avian broilers (aged 120 d) were allocated to 4 groups with 5 replicates of 6 birds to be included in a 2-by-2 factorial trial in which the main factors included supplementation of AFB1 (<5 compared with 100 μg/kg) and selenium (0.2 compared with 0.5 mg/kg) in a corn/soybean-based diet for 4 wk. Serum biochemistry, hepatic histology, and mRNA and/or activities of hepatic antioxidant enzymes, CYP450 isozymes, and 26 selenoproteins were analyzed at week 2 and/or 4. RESULTS Administration of AFB1 induced liver injury, decreasing (P < 0.05) total protein and albumin concentrations by 33.3-43.8% and increasing (P < 0.05) alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities by 26.0-33.8% in serum, and induced hepatic necrosis and bile duct hyperplasia at week 2. AFB1 also decreased (P < 0.05) hepatic activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD), and catalase, and the glutathione concentration by 13.1-59.9% and increased (P < 0.05) malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and exo-AFB1-8,9-epoxide (AFBO) DNA concentrations by 17.9-1200%. In addition, the mRNA and activity of enzymes responsible for the bioactivation of AFB1 into AFBO, which included CYP450 A1, 1A2, 2A6, and 3A4, were significantly induced (P < 0.05) by 29.2-271% in liver microsomes after 2-wk exposure to AFB1. These alterations induced by AFB1 were prevented by selenium supplementation. Dietary selenium supplementation increased (P < 0.05) mRNA and/or activities of 6 selenoprotein genes (Gpx3, Txnrd1, Txnrd2, Txnrd3, iodothyronine deiodinase 2, and selenoprotein N) in the liver of AFB1-treated groups at week 2. CONCLUSIONS Dietary selenium protected chicks from AFB1-induced liver injury, potentially through the synergistic actions of inhibition of the pivotal CYP450 isozyme-mediated activation of AFB1 to toxic AFBO, and increased antioxidant capacities by upregulation of selenoprotein genes coding for antioxidant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lv-Hui Sun
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ni-Ya Zhang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ming-Kun Zhu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ji-Chang Zhou
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - De-Sheng Qi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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117
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Domijan AM, Gajski G, Novak Jovanović I, Gerić M, Garaj-Vrhovac V. In vitro genotoxicity of mycotoxins ochratoxin A and fumonisin B1 could be prevented by sodium copper chlorophyllin – Implication to their genotoxic mechanism. Food Chem 2015; 170:455-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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118
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Cytotoxin-induced NADPH oxides activation: roles in regulation of cell death. Arch Toxicol 2015; 89:991-1006. [PMID: 25690733 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1476-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that a variety of cytotoxic agents can activate the NADPH oxidase system and induce redox-dependent regulation of cellular functions. Cytotoxin-induced NADPH oxidase activation may either exert cytoprotective actions (e.g., survival, proliferation, and stress tolerance) or cause cell death. Here we summarize the experimental evidence showing the context-dependent dichotomous effects of NADPH oxidase on cell fate under cytotoxic stress conditions and the potential redox signaling mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. Clearly, it is difficult to create a unified paradigm on the toxicological implications of NADPH oxidase activation in response to cytotoxic stimuli. We suggest that interventional strategies targeting the NADPH oxidase system to prevent the adverse impacts of cytotoxins need to be contemplated in a stimuli- and cell type-specific manner.
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119
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Zimmermann CEP, Cruz IBM, Cadoná FC, Machado AK, Assmann C, Schlemmer KB, Zanette RA, Leal DBR, Santurio JM. Cytoprotective and genoprotective effects of β-glucans against aflatoxin B₁-induced DNA damage in broiler chicken lymphocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:538-43. [PMID: 25615424 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The polysaccharide β-glucan presents beneficial effects on the immune system, although the mechanisms of the immunomodulatory effect remain poorly understood. The potential cytoprotective and genoprotective effects of β-glucans were evaluated in broiler chicken lymphocytes exposed to increasing concentrations of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) and/or β-glucans. AFB₁ significantly decreased cell viability at the concentrations of 10 and 20 μg/ml at 72 h of incubation (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively). Moreover, the AFB₁ concentrations of 1, 10 and 20 μg/ml increased DNA fragmentation levels at 24 h (p<0.001). Conversely, lymphocyte death was prevented by β-glucans at the concentrations of 1% and 10%, indicating a cytoprotective effect. Reactive oxygen species levels were increased in the cells treated with 20 μg/ml AFB₁ at 24 h (p<0.05) and 10% β-glucans with or without AFB₁ at 24, 48 and 72 h of incubation (p<0.001). DNA damage increased by more than 100% in AFB₁-treated lymphocytes when compared to control group. β-glucans at 1% was able to fully revert the AFB₁-induced lymphocyte DNA damage, indicating a genoprotective effect and maintaining DNA integrity. In conclusion, β-glucans showed in vitro dose-dependent cytoprotective and genoprotective effects in broiler chicken lymphocytes exposed to AFB₁.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E P Zimmermann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - I B M Cruz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - F C Cadoná
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - A K Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - C Assmann
- Laboratório de Biogenômica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - K B Schlemmer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - R A Zanette
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - D B R Leal
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - J M Santurio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Abbès S, Ben Salah-Abbès J, Jebali R, Younes RB, Oueslati R. Interaction of aflatoxin B1and fumonisin B1in mice causes immunotoxicity and oxidative stress: Possible protective role using lactic acid bacteria. J Immunotoxicol 2015; 13:46-54. [DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2014.997905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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121
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Mary VS, Valdehita A, Navas JM, Rubinstein HR, Fernández-Cruz ML. Effects of aflatoxin B1, fumonisin B1 and their mixture on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and cytochrome P450 1A induction. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 75:104-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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122
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Involvement of oxidative stress in subacute toxicity induced by fumonisin B1 in broiler chicks. Vet Microbiol 2014; 174:180-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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123
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Peng X, Zhang K, Bai S, Ding X, Zeng Q, Yang J, Fang J, Chen K. Histological lesions, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and T cell subsets changes of spleen in chicken fed aflatoxin-contaminated corn. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:8567-80. [PMID: 25141002 PMCID: PMC4143878 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110808567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of corn naturally contaminated with aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin B2 on pathological lesions, apoptosis, cell cycle phases and T lymphocyte subsets of spleen, and to provide an experimental basis for understanding the mechanism of aflatoxin-induced immunosuppression. A total of 900 COBB500 male broilers were randomly allocated into five groups with six replicates per group and 30 birds per replicate. The experiment lasted for 6 weeks and the five dietary treatments consisted of control, 25% contaminated corn, 50% contaminated corn, 75% contaminated corn and 100% contaminated corn groups. The histopathological spleen lesions from the contaminated corn groups was characterized as congestion of red pulp, increased necrotic cells and vacuoles in the splenic corpuscle and periarterial lymphatic sheath. The contaminated corn intake significantly increased relative weight of spleen, percentages of apoptotic splenocytes, induced cell cycle arrest of splenocytes, increased the percentages of CD3+CD8+ T cells and decreased the ratios of CD3+CD4+ to CD3+CD8+. The results suggest that AFB-induced immunosuppression maybe closely related to the lesions of spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan 625014, China.
| | - Keying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan 625014, China.
| | - Shiping Bai
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan 625014, China.
| | - Xuemei Ding
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan 625014, China.
| | - Qiufeng Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan 625014, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan 625014, China.
| | - Jing Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan 625014, China.
| | - Kejie Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan 625014, China.
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Fernández-Blanco C, Font G, Ruiz MJ. Oxidative stress of alternariol in Caco-2 cells. Toxicol Lett 2014; 229:458-64. [PMID: 25072143 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alternariol (AOH) is a mycotoxin produced by fungus Alternaria. It is found in a wide variety of fruits and cereals products. AOH is able to damage human health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of AOH in human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells. Moreover, some events related to oxidative stress were evaluated: reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by oxidation of 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate; peroxidation of lipid (LPO) by malondialdehyde (MDA) production; and antioxidant enzymatic capability of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Cytotoxicity of AOH (from 3.125 to 100 μM) was determined during 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure by different endpoints. AOH decreased cell viability by MTT, NR and PC assays. However, no IC50 values were obtained by any of the assays tested. AOH induced a strong oxidative stress in Caco-2 cells by generation of ROS production and LPO associated with a rise in the SOD activity at all concentration tested. ROS increased 1.2-fold with respect to the control and MDA production ranged from 130% to 250% compared to control. Our results demonstrated that in spite of AOH showing cytotoxic effect on Caco-2 cells at the highest concentration tested, oxidative stress by LPO and ROS was observed at all concentrations assayed. This could cause an injury and be hazardous to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Fernández-Blanco
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Guillermina Font
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria-Jose Ruiz
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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125
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Li Y, Ma QG, Zhao LH, Wei H, Duan GX, Zhang JY, Ji C. Effects of lipoic acid on immune function, the antioxidant defense system, and inflammation-related genes expression of broiler chickens fed aflatoxin contaminated diets. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:5649-62. [PMID: 24699046 PMCID: PMC4013587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15045649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the effect of low level of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on oxidative stress, immune reaction and inflammation response and the possible ameliorating effects of dietary alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA) in broilers. Birds were randomly allocated into three groups and assigned to receive different diets: basal diet, diet containing 74 μg/kg AFB1, and 300 mg/kg α-LA supplementation in diet containing 74 μg/kg AFB1 for three weeks. The results showed that the serum levels of malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interferon gamma (IFNγ) in the AFB1-treated group were significantly increased than the control group. In addition, the increased expressions of interleukin 6 (IL6), TNFα and IFNγ were observed in birds exposed to the AFB1-contaminated diet. These degenerative changes were inhibited by α-LA-supplement. The activities of total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, the levels of humoral immunity, and the expressions of nuclear factor-κB p65 and heme oxygenase-1, however, were not affected by AFB1. The results suggest that α-LA alleviates AFB1 induced oxidative stress and immune changes and modulates the inflammatory response at least partly through changes in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines of spleen such as IL6 and TNFα in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Qiu-Gang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Li-Hong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Hua Wei
- Translational Medicine Lab, Chinese National Human Genome Center, Beijing 100176, China.
| | - Guo-Xiang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jian-Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Cheng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Analysis of individual and combined effects of ochratoxin A and zearalenone on HepG2 and KK-1 cells with mathematical models. Toxins (Basel) 2014; 6:1177-92. [PMID: 24674935 PMCID: PMC4014727 DOI: 10.3390/toxins6041177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) and Zearalenone (ZEA) are widespread mycotoxins that contaminate foodstuffs simultaneously, but sufficient data regarding their mixed toxicities are lacking. This study aims to analyze the style of combined effects of OTA and ZEA on cells of their target organs. For this purpose, cytotoxicity was determined in HepG2 and KK-1 cells treated with single and combined forms of OTA and ZEA. Furthermore, we have analyzed the data using two mathematical models based on the concepts of concentration addition (CA) and independent addition (IA). By analyzing data with nonlinear regression, toxins applied singly showed classic sigmoid dose-response curves in HepG2 cells whereas in KK-1 cells hormetic responses were observed. Exposure to equieffective mixtures of OTA and ZEA showed additive effects, irrespective of different nonlinear regression models used. Our results demonstrate that IA is an appropriate concept to account for mixture effects of OTA and ZEA. The results in ROS generation indicate a departure from additivity to antagonism or synergism at different concentrations, probably due to potential interaction during ROS production. This study shows that a risk assessment of mycotoxins should account for mixture effects, and prediction models are valuable tools for mixture assessment.
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127
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Deficient glutathione in the pathophysiology of mycotoxin-related illness. Toxins (Basel) 2014; 6:608-23. [PMID: 24517907 PMCID: PMC3942754 DOI: 10.3390/toxins6020608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence for the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of mycotoxin-related illness is increasing. The glutathione antioxidant and detoxification systems play a major role in the antioxidant function of cells. Exposure to mycotoxins in humans requires the production of glutathione on an “as needed” basis. Research suggests that mycotoxins can decrease the formation of glutathione due to decreased gene expression of the enzymes needed to form glutathione. Mycotoxin-related compromise of glutathione production can result in an excess of oxidative stress that leads to tissue damage and systemic illness. The review discusses the mechanisms by which mycotoxin-related deficiency of glutathione may lead to both acute and chronic illnesses.
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128
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Yin J, Ren W, Duan J, Wu L, Chen S, Li T, Yin Y, Wu G. Dietary arginine supplementation enhances intestinal expression of SLC7A7 and SLC7A1 and ameliorates growth depression in mycotoxin-challenged pigs. Amino Acids 2013; 46:883-92. [PMID: 24368521 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1643-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that dietary L-arginine supplementation confers beneficial effects on growing pigs fed a mold-contaminated diet. The measured variables included: (1) the average daily weight gain and feed:gain ratio; (2) activities of total superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, diamine oxidase, as well as amino acid and D-lactate concentrations in serum; (3) intestinal morphology; (4) expression of the genes for SLC7A7 (amino acid transporter light chain, y(+L) system, family 7, member 7), SLC7A1 (cationic amino acid transporter, y(+) system, family 7, member 1), SLC1A1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system XAG, member 1), SLC5A1 (sodium/glucose cotransporter, family 5, member 1) in the ileum and jejunum. Mycotoxins in feedstuffs resulted in an enlarged small intestine mass, oxidative injury in tissues, and reduced growth performance in pigs. Dietary arginine supplementation enhanced (P < 0.05) expression of jejunal SLC7A7 and ileal SLC7A1, in comparison with the control and mycotoxin groups. In addition, supplementing 1% L-arginine to the mycotoxin-contaminated feed had the following beneficial effects (P < 0.05): (1) alleviating the imbalance of the antioxidant system in the body; (2) ameliorating intestinal abnormalities; and (3) attenuating whole-body growth depression, compared with the mycotoxin group without arginine treatment. Collectively, these results indicate that dietary supplementation with L-arginine exerts a protective role in pigs fed mold-contaminated foods. The findings may have important nutritional implications for humans and other mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yin
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China,
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Bahari A, Mehrzad J, Mahmoudi M, Bassami MR, Dehghani H. Cytochrome P450 isoforms are differently up-regulated in aflatoxin B₁-exposed human lymphocytes and monocytes. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2013; 36:1-10. [PMID: 24168324 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2013.850506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Aflatoxins (AFs) are highly hazardous mycotoxins with potent carcinogenic, mutagenic and immune disregulatory properties. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms are central for enhanced AFB₁ toxicity in situ. It remains to be seen whether and how these AFB₁ activators work in human leukocytes. OBJECTIVE To investigate the involvement of CYP isoforms in AFB₁ toxicity of circulating mononuclear cells, we examined the impact of environmentally relevant levels of AFB1 on lymphocytes and monocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Very low and moderate doses of AFB₁ with/without CYP inducers on transcription of key CYP isoforms and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) were examined in human lymphocytes, monocytes and HepG2 cells; cell cycle distribution and viability were also analyzed in AFB₁-exposed lymphocytes and monocytes. RESULTS Only CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP3A4, CYP3A5 and CYP3A7 expressed in lymphocytes and monocytes. TLR4 much more expressed in monocytes than in lymphocytes, but HepG2 showed little TLR4 transcription. While CYP1A1, CYP1B1 and CYP3A4 were highly induced by AFB₁ in monocytes, in lymphocytes only CYP1A1 was induced. Among CYP1A1, CYP1B1 and CYP3A4 only CYP1A1 responded to low and moderate levels of AFB₁. Enhanced transcripts of CYPs by AFB₁ yielded little synergies on TLR4 transcription in lymphocytes and monocytes. Cell cycle arrest and necrosis were also detected in AFB₁-exposed lymphocytes and monocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our novel findings indicate that AFB₁ more intensively stimulates CYP genes expression in monocytes than in lymphocytes. Mechanistically, this could explain a more pronounced immunotoxicity of AFB₁ in myeloid than in lymphoid lineage cells in vitro/situ/vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Bahari
- Department of Pathobiology, Section Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad , Iran
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Park JW, Park WJ, Futerman AH. Ceramide synthases as potential targets for therapeutic intervention in human diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1841:671-81. [PMID: 24021978 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ceramide is located at a key hub in the sphingolipid metabolic pathway and also acts as an important cellular signaling molecule. Ceramide contains one acyl chain which is attached to a sphingoid long chain base via an amide bond, with the acyl chain varying in length and degree of saturation. The identification of a family of six mammalian ceramide synthases (CerS) that synthesize ceramide with distinct acyl chains, has led to significant advances in our understanding of ceramide biology, including further delineation of the role of ceramide in various pathophysiologies in both mice and humans. Since ceramides, and the complex sphingolipids generated from ceramide, are implicated in disease, the CerS might potentially be novel targets for therapeutic intervention in the diseases in which the ceramide acyl chain length is altered. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled New Frontiers in Sphingolipid Biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Won Park
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-710, South Korea
| | - Woo-Jae Park
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-799, South Korea
| | - Anthony H Futerman
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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131
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Fisetin attenuates hydrogen peroxide-induced cell damage by scavenging reactive oxygen species and activating protective functions of cellular glutathione system. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2013; 50:66-74. [PMID: 23982916 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-013-9681-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) can induce cell damage by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in DNA damage and cell death. The aim of this study is to elucidate the protective effects of fisetin (3,7,3',4',-tetrahydroxy flavone) against H2O2-induced cell damage. Fisetin reduced the level of superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical in cell free system, and intracellular ROS generated by H2O2. Moreover, fisetin protected against H2O2-induced membrane lipid peroxidation, cellular DNA damage, and protein carbonylation, which are the primary cellular outcomes of H2O2 treatment. Furthermore, fisetin increased the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) and expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit, which is decreased by H2O2. Conversely, a GSH inhibitor abolished the cytoprotective effect of fisetin against H2O2-induced cells damage. Taken together, our results suggest that fisetin protects against H2O2-induced cell damage by inhibiting ROS generation, thereby maintaining the protective role of the cellular GSH system.
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132
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Wang F, Shu G, Peng X, Fang J, Chen K, Cui H, Chen Z, Zuo Z, Deng J, Geng Y, Lai W. Protective effects of sodium selenite against aflatoxin B1-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in broiler spleen. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:2834-44. [PMID: 23839060 PMCID: PMC3734461 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10072834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective role of sodium selenite on aflatoxin B1-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in spleen of broilers. Two hundred one-day-old male broilers, divided into five groups, were fed with basal diet (control group), 0.3 mg/kg AFB1 (AFB1 group), 0.3 mg/kg AFB1 + 0.2 mg/kg Se (+Se group I), 0.3 mg/kg AFB1 + 0.4 mg/kg Se (+Se group II) and 0.3 mg/kg AFB1 + 0.6 mg/kg Se (+Se group III), respectively. According to biochemical assays, AFB1 significantly decreased the activities of glutathione peroxidase, total superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, catalase and the level of glutathione hormone, while it increased the level of malondialdehyde. Moreover, AFB1 increased the percentage of apoptosis cells by flow cytometry and the occurrence of apoptotic cells by TUNEL assay. Simultaneous supplementation with sodium selenite restored these parameters to be close to those in control group. In conclusion, sodium selenite exhibited protective effects on AFB1-induced splenic toxicity in broilers by inhibiting oxidative stress and excessive apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xi Peng
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (X.P.); (J.F.); Tel.: +86-130-8631-1201 (X.P.); +86-130-5657-7921 (J.F.)
| | - Jing Fang
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (X.P.); (J.F.); Tel.: +86-130-8631-1201 (X.P.); +86-130-5657-7921 (J.F.)
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Lin HR, Wu CC, Wu YH, Hsu CW, Cheng ML, Chiu DTY. Proteome-wide dysregulation by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) reveals a novel protective role for G6PD in aflatoxin B₁-mediated cytotoxicity. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:3434-48. [PMID: 23742107 DOI: 10.1021/pr4002959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is pivotal to reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) production and cellular redox balance. Cells with G6PD deficiency are susceptible to oxidant-induced death at high oxidative stress. However, it remains unclear what precise biological processes are affected by G6PD deficiency due to altered cellular redox homeostasis, particularly at low oxidative stress. To further explore the biological role of G6PD, we generated G6PD-knockdown cell clones using lung cancer line A549. We identified proteins differentially expressed in the knockdown clones without the addition of exogenous oxidant by means of isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) labeling coupled with multidimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We validated a panel of proteins that showed altered expression in G6PD-knockdown clones and were involved in metabolism of xenobiotic and glutathione (GSH) as well as energy metabolism. To determine the physiological relevancy of our findings, we investigated the functional consequence of G6PD depletion in cells treated with a prevalent xenobiotic, aflatoxin B₁(AFB₁). We found a protective role of G6PD in AFB₁-induced cytotoxicity, possibly via providing NADPH for NADPH oxidase to induce epoxide hydrolase 1 (EPHX1), a xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme. Collectively, our findings reveal for the first time a proteome-wide dysregulation by G6PD depletion under the condition without exogenous oxidant challenge, and we suggest a novel association of G6PD activity with AFB₁-related xenobiotic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ru Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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134
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Forouharmehr A, Harkinezhad T, Qasemi-Panahi B. Effect of Aflatoxin B1 on Growth of Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells in 3D and Monolayer Culture System. Adv Pharm Bull 2013; 3:143-6. [PMID: 24312827 DOI: 10.5681/apb.2013.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Many studies have been showed transfer of aflatoxins, toxins produced by Aspergillus flvaus and Aspergillus parasiticus fungi, into milk. These toxins are transferred into the milk through digestive system by eating contaminated food. Due to the toxicity of these materials, it seems that it has side effects on the growth of mammary cells. Therefore, the present work aimed to investigate possible toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on bovine mammary epithelial cells in monolayer and three-dimensional cultures. METHODS Specimens of the mammary tissue of bovine were sized out in size 2×2 cm in slaughterhouse. After disinfection and washing in sterile PBS, primary cell culture was performed by enzymatic digestion of tissue with collagenase. When proper numbers of cells were achieved in monolayer culture, cells were seeded in a 24-well culture plate for three-dimensional (3D) culture in Matrigel matrix. After 21 days of 3D culture and reaching the required number of cells, the concentrations of 15, 25 and 35 µL of AFB1 were added to the culture in quadruplicate and incubated for 8 hours. Cellular cytotoxicity was examined using standard colorimetric assay and finally, any change in the morphology of the cells was studied by microscopic technique. RESULTS Microscopic investigations showed necrosis of the AFB1-exposed cells compared to the control cells. Also, bovine mammary epithelial cells were significantly affected by AFB1 in dose and time dependent manner in cell viability assays. CONCLUSION According to the results, it seems that AFB1 can induce cytotoxicity and necrosis in bovine mammary epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Forouharmehr
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
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