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Bektas A, Sen R, Ferrucci L. Does a bit of alcohol turn off inflammation and improve health? Age Ageing 2016; 45:747-748. [PMID: 27555047 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afw146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arsun Bektas
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Ranjan Sen
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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102
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Bajaj A, John-Henderson NA, Cundiff JM, Marsland AL, Manuck SB, Kamarck TW. Daily social interactions, close relationships, and systemic inflammation in two samples: Healthy middle-aged and older adults. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 58:152-164. [PMID: 27288715 PMCID: PMC7526085 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic inflammation is thought to be a biological mediator between social relationship quality and premature mortality. Empirical work has yielded mixed support for an association of social relationship variables with systemic inflammation, perhaps due to methodological limitations. To date, research in this literature has focused on global perceptions of social relationships, with limited attention to the covariance of characteristics of daily social interactions with inflammation. Here, we examine whether daily interactions, as assessed by ecological momentary assessment (EMA), associate with peripheral markers of inflammation among midlife and older adults. METHODS Global social support and integration were measured using the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL) and the Social Network Index (SNI), respectively, in older adults from the Pittsburgh Healthy Heart Project (PHHP), and in middle-aged adults from the Adult Health and Behavior Project-II (AHAB-II). Using time-sampled EMA, we assessed the proportion of the day spent in positive and negative social interactions. Systemic markers of inflammation were interleukin (IL)-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP). RESULTS Global measures of support and integration did not associate with inflammation in either sample. In older adults, relative frequency of total positive interactions, those with close others (i.e. spouse, friends, family), and those with coworkers predicted lower concentrations of IL-6 in fully adjusted models, accounting for age, sex, race, education, BMI, smoking and alcohol. In middle-aged adults, relative frequency of positive interactions with close others was also inversely associated with IL-6 level and relative frequency of negative marital interactions was unexpectedly inversely associated with CRP level. CONCLUSIONS Characteristics of daily social interactions among midlife and older adults associate with markers of systemic inflammation that are known to predict risk for cardiovascular disease. Ambulatory measures may better capture health-relevant social processes in daily life than retrospective, global self-report measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amoha Bajaj
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas W. Kamarck
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Kumari S, Mittal A, Dabur R. Moderate alcohol consumption in chronic form enhances the synthesis of cholesterol and C-21 steroid hormones, while treatment with Tinospora cordifolia modulate these events in men. Steroids 2016; 114:68-77. [PMID: 27016128 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic and heavy alcohol consumption disrupts lipid metabolism and hormonal balance including testosterone levels. However, studies doubt the relationship between moderate alcohol intake and sex hormone levels. Therefore, the aim of the present investigation was to establish the direct impact of chronic and moderate alcohol intake on cholesterol homeostasis and steroid hormone synthesis. Asymptomatic chronic and moderate alcoholics (n=12) without chronic liver disease and healthy volunteers (n=14) were selected for the study. Furthermore, effects of standardized water extract of Tinospora cordifolia (Willd) Mier. (Menispermaceae) (TCJ), a well reported anti-alcoholic herbal drug, on urinary steroids was studied. This study included four groups, i.e. a) healthy; b) healthy+TCJ; c) alcoholic; d) alcoholic+TCJ. The blood and urine samples from each group were collected on day 0 and 14 of the post-treatment with TCJ and analyzed. Alcoholic blood samples showed the significantly higher values of traditional biomarkers γ-GT and MCV along with cholesterol, LDL, TGL and urinary methylglucuronide compared to healthy. Qualitative analysis of steroids showed that moderate alcohol intake in a chronic manner increased the cholesterol synthesis and directed its flow toward C-21 steroids; shown by increased levels of corticosterone (2.456 fold) and cortisol (3.7 fold). Moreover, alcohol intake also increased the synthesis of estradiol and clearance rate of other steroids through the formation of glucuronides. Therefore, it decreased the synthesis and increased the clearance rate of testosterone (T) and androstenedione (A). Quantitative analysis confirmed decreased T/A ratio from 2.31 to 1.59 in plasma and 2.47 to 1.51 in urine samples of alcoholics. TCJ intervention normalized the levels of steroids and significantly improved the T:A ratio to 2.0 and 2.12 in plasma and urine. The study revealed that TCJ modulated lipid metabolism by inhibiting cholesterol and glucuronides synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Ashwani Mittal
- Department of Biochemistry, University College, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, Haryana, India
| | - Rajesh Dabur
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India; National Research Institute of Basic Ayurvedic Sciences, Nehru Garden, Kothrud, Pune, Maharastra 411038, India.
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Abete I, Zulet MA, Goyenechea E, Blazquez V, de Arce Borda AM, Lopez de Munain A, Martinez JA. Association of lifestyle, inflammatory factors, and dietary patterns with the risk of suffering a stroke: A case-control study. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 21:70-78. [PMID: 27603597 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2016.1226473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifestyle, including dietary patterns, could involve specific factors participating in inflammation that confer a higher risk of suffering a stroke. However, little attention has been apparently given to habitual food consumption in patients suffering a cerebrovascular event. OBJECTIVE To assess the influence of dietary habits as well as other lifestyle-related variables on the risk of suffering a stroke. DESIGN A case-control study was designed. Fifty-one cases (age: 59.1 ± 9.1y.o; BMI; 30.8 ± 3.4 kg/m2) and 51 controls (age: 61.1 ± 9.1y.o; BMI; 30.4 ± 3.6 kg/m2) were enrolled in the study. Anthropometric and body composition variables were measured. Dietary information was obtained from a validated food frequency questionnaire. Physical activity and lifestyle-related factors were assessed. Blood samples were drawn. RESULTS Patients suffering a stroke showed higher prevalence of diabetes (30 vs. 7.7%; P = 0.020) and hypertension (74.5 vs. 40.3%; P < 0.001) and were less physically active (36.7 vs. 66.6%; P = 0.024) than controls. Patients registered worse glucose and lipid profiles, higher levels of hepatic biomarkers, and higher blood cell counts than controls. Stroked patients showed lower adherence to a statistically derived healthy dietary pattern than controls (23.5 vs. 42.3%; P = 0.017). A logistic regression model was built up considering hypertension, diabetes, smoking, physical activity, adherence to a 'healthy dietary pattern' and C-reactive protein concentration. The final model strongly associated with the risk of suffering a stroke (R2: 44.6%; Pmodel < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Lifestyle variables such as physical activity, smoking habit, and a dietary pattern including foods with low inflammatory potential play an important role in the reduction of the risk of suffering a stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itziar Abete
- a Department of Food Science and Physiology , University of Navarra , Irunlarrea s/n 31008 , Pamplona , Spain.,b Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CiberObn) , Spain
| | - Maria Angeles Zulet
- a Department of Food Science and Physiology , University of Navarra , Irunlarrea s/n 31008 , Pamplona , Spain.,b Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CiberObn) , Spain.,c Health Research Institute of Navarra (IDISNA) , Spain
| | - Estíbaliz Goyenechea
- d Department of Neurosciences , Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia) , Paseo Doctor Beguiristain 20014, San Sebastian , Spain
| | - Vanessa Blazquez
- d Department of Neurosciences , Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia) , Paseo Doctor Beguiristain 20014, San Sebastian , Spain
| | - Ana Maria de Arce Borda
- d Department of Neurosciences , Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia) , Paseo Doctor Beguiristain 20014, San Sebastian , Spain
| | - Adolfo Lopez de Munain
- d Department of Neurosciences , Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia) , Paseo Doctor Beguiristain 20014, San Sebastian , Spain.,e Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martinez
- a Department of Food Science and Physiology , University of Navarra , Irunlarrea s/n 31008 , Pamplona , Spain.,b Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CiberObn) , Spain.,c Health Research Institute of Navarra (IDISNA) , Spain
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Chrysohoou C, Panagiotakos DB, Pitsavos C, Skoumas J, Toutouza M, Papaioannou I, Toutouzas PK, Stefanadis C. Effects of chronic alcohol consumption on lipid levels, inflammatory and haemostatic factors in the general population: the ‘ATTICA’ Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 10:355-61. [PMID: 14663297 DOI: 10.1097/01.hjr.0000065928.57001.4d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies suggest an unclear effect of alcohol consumption on cardiovascular risk. This ambiguity is likely related to the quantity of alcohol consumed in populations studied. The aim of this work was to evaluate the association between chronic alcohol consumption and several clinical and biochemical parameters related to coronary risk, in cardiovascular disease free men and women. METHODS The 'ATTICA' study is a population-based cohort, which randomly enrolled 750 men and 883 women (18-88 years old) from area around Athens, during 2001-2002. We investigated the association between alcohol consumption and arterial blood pressure, fibrinogen levels, glucose concentration, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL, apolipoprotein A1 and B, Lp(a), uric acid, leucocyte count, triglycerides, C-reactive protein and homocysteine levels. RESULTS Multivariate analysis, after controlling for several potential confounders, revealed a J-shaped association between alcohol intake (none, 1-2, 3-4, 5+ wine glasses/day) and uric acid, C-reactive protein, homocysteine, fibrinogen, triglycerides, apolipoproteins A1 and B, HDL and total cholesterols, blood glucose levels, leucocyte count and arterial blood pressure levels (only in males). The most beneficial values of all these biochemical and clinical parameters were found in alcohol intake of 100-200 ml (12% alcohol), even after adjustment for various potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS The controversial association between alcohol intake and cardiovascular disease seems to be partially explained by the J-shaped relation of several biochemical parameters related to atherosclerosis and the amount of alcoholic beverages consumed.
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van Dooren FEP, Schram MT, Schalkwijk CG, Stehouwer CDA, Henry RMA, Dagnelie PC, Schaper NC, van der Kallen CJH, Koster A, Sep SJS, Denollet J, Verhey FRJ, Pouwer F. Associations of low grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction with depression - The Maastricht Study. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 56:390-6. [PMID: 26970354 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of depression may involve low-grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. We aimed to evaluate the independent associations of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction with depressive symptoms and depressive disorder, and the role of lifestyle factors in this association. METHODS In The Maastricht Study, a population-based cohort study (n=852, 55% men, m=59.8±8.5years), depressive symptoms were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and (major and minor) depressive disorder with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Plasma biomarkers of inflammation (hsCRP, SAA, sICAM-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) and endothelial dysfunction (sVCAM-1, sICAM-1, sE-selectin, vWF) were measured with sandwich immunoassays and combined into two standardized sum scores. RESULTS Biomarkers of inflammation (hsCRP, TNF-α, SAA, sICAM-1) and endothelial dysfunction (sICAM-1, sE-Selectin) were univariately associated with depressive symptoms and depressive disorder. The sum scores of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction were associated with depressive disorder after adjustment for age, sex, type 2 diabetes, kidney function and prior cardiovascular disease (OR 1.54, p=0.001 and 1.40, p=0.006). Both sum scores remained significantly associated with depressive disorder after additional adjustment for lifestyle factors smoking, alcohol consumption and body mass index. The sum score of inflammation was also independently associated with depressive symptoms, while the sum score of endothelial dysfunction was not. CONCLUSIONS Inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are both associated with depressive disorder, independent of lifestyle factors. Our results might suggest that inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are involved in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fleur E P van Dooren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; CoRPS - Center of Research on Psychological and Somatic disorders, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands; MHeNS - Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Miranda T Schram
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; CARIM Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; CARIM Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; CARIM Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald M A Henry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; CARIM Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter C Dagnelie
- CARIM Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas C Schaper
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; CARIM Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carla J H van der Kallen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; CARIM Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie Koster
- Department of Social Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Simone J S Sep
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; CARIM Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Denollet
- CoRPS - Center of Research on Psychological and Somatic disorders, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Frans R J Verhey
- MHeNS - Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frans Pouwer
- CoRPS - Center of Research on Psychological and Somatic disorders, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Using survey data collected in eight provinces of China, this study examines the relationship between income disparities and adult physical health outcomes. It also explores the mechanisms underlying these income differentials in health. Our results show that the association between income and health can be explained largely by income differences in other areas. In the Chinese social context, we find that living conditions, access to health care services and community development are important mediating factors. These findings generally agree with earlier explanations on socioeconomic differentials in health. We also find that the factors that are most important in explaining income differentials in health vary by rural/urban residence. However, the results show that these factors are unable to fully explain income differentials in reported illness and disability. Moreover, we do not find consistent effects of lifestyle and health-related behaviors, such as drinking and smoking, on the link between income and health.
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108
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McKay HS, Bream JH, Margolick JB, Martínez-Maza O, Phair JP, Rinaldo CR, Abraham AG, Jacobson LP. Host factors associated with serologic inflammatory markers assessed using multiplex assays. Cytokine 2016; 85:71-9. [PMID: 27295613 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic systemic inflammation contributes to the development of adverse health conditions, yet the influence of fixed and modifiable risk factors on many serologic biomarkers of inflammation remains largely unknown. Serum concentrations of twenty-three biomarkers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), cytokines (CXCL11, CXCL8, CXCL10, CCL2, CCL13, CCL4, CCL17, CXCL13, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-1β, GM-CSF, BAFF), and soluble immune receptors (sCD14, sIL-2Rα, sCD27, sgp130, sTNF-R2) were measured longitudinally using multiplexed immunometric assays in 250 HIV-uninfected men followed in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (1984-2009). Generalized gamma regression was used to determine the statistical significance of factors associated with each biomarker. After accounting for age, race, and education, and for analysis of multiple biomarkers, higher concentrations of specific individual biomarkers were significantly (P<0.002) associated with hypertension, obesity, hepatitis C infection, stimulant use, and diabetes and lower concentrations with hypercholesterolemia. These associations should be taken into account in epidemiological studies of these biomarkers, and may provide potential targets for disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather S McKay
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Jay H Bream
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph B Margolick
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Otoniel Martínez-Maza
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John P Phair
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Charles R Rinaldo
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, CA, USA
| | - Alison G Abraham
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lisa P Jacobson
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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109
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Warnoff C, Lekander M, Hemmingsson T, Sorjonen K, Melin B, Andreasson A. Is poor self-rated health associated with low-grade inflammation in 43,110 late adolescent men of the general population? A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e009440. [PMID: 27113233 PMCID: PMC4853986 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Self-rated health is a powerful predictor of long-term health and mortality, hence the importance of a better understanding of its biological determinants. Previous studies have shown that low-grade inflammation is associated with poor self-rated health in clinical and healthy populations, but the evidence is sparse in men and completely lacking for men in late adolescence. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between low-grade inflammation and self-rated health among conscripts. It was hypothesised that high levels of inflammatory factors would be associated with poor self-rated health. DESIGN Data from 49,321 men (18-21 years) conscripted for military service in 1969 and 1970 were used. Inflammation had been measured through erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Self-rated health had been assessed on a five-point scale, and was dichotomised into Good ('Very good'/'Good'/'Fair') versus Poor ('Poor'/'Very poor'). Data from 43,110 conscripts with normal levels of ESR, and who reported self-rated health remained after exclusion of those with ESR <1 and >11 mm/h. Associations were calculated using logistic regression analyses. Adjustments were made for body mass index, socioeconomic position, inflammatory disease, emotion regulation, smoking, risky use of alcohol and physical activity. RESULTS High levels of ESR were associated with higher odds for poor self-rated health (OR: 1.077 for each unit mm/h increase in ESR, 95% CI 1.049 to 1.105). CONCLUSIONS The present study shows for the first time a significant association between a marker of inflammation and self-rated health in late adolescent men, adding to evidence of an association between low-grade inflammation and subjective health perception also in men, as previously demonstrated in women. Further support for inflammation as part of a general psychobiological process that underpins subjective health perception is hereby provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carin Warnoff
- Department for Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Lekander
- Department for Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Hemmingsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kimmo Sorjonen
- Department for Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bo Melin
- Department for Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Andreasson
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Family Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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Dennis PA, Weinberg JB, Calhoun PS, Watkins LL, Sherwood A, Dennis MF, Beckham JC. An investigation of vago-regulatory and health-behavior accounts for increased inflammation in posttraumatic stress disorder. J Psychosom Res 2016; 83:33-9. [PMID: 27020074 PMCID: PMC4813329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been linked to chronic inflammation, a condition that poses a risk for cardiovascular disease. Attenuated vagal activity has been proposed as a potential mediator of PTSD and inflammation, although associated behavioral health risks-namely cigarette smoking and alcohol dependence-might also account for that link. METHODS Inflammation was quantified by fasting serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-10, and thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC)/CCL17 collected from 85 participants with PTSD and 82 without PTSD. Latent variable modeling was used to assess the relationship between PTSD symptom severity and inflammation along with potential mediators vagal activity (respiratory sinus arrhythmia; RSA), smoking status, and lifetime alcohol dependence. RESULTS PTSD symptom severity was associated with increased inflammation (β=.18, p=.02). However, this association was reduced in models that adjusted for RSA, smoking status, and lifetime alcohol dependence. Independent mediation effects were deemed significant via bootstrapping analyses. Together, RSA, smoking status, and lifetime alcohol dependence accounted for 95% of the effect of PTSD symptom severity on inflammation. CONCLUSION Although RSA accounted for a modest proportion of the association between posttraumatic stress and pro-inflammatory responses, behavioral factors-specifically cigarette smoking and alcohol dependence-proved to be larger mediators. The benefits of PTSD treatment may be enhanced by additional interventions aimed at modifying these health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Dennis
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27705, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - J. B. Weinberg
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27705, USA,Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Patrick S. Calhoun
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27705, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA,Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Region Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA,Veterans Affairs Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - Lana L. Watkins
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Andrew Sherwood
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Michelle F. Dennis
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27705, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Jean C. Beckham
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27705, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA,Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Region Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA
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111
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The effects of alcohol on ambulatory blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes. J Hypertens 2016; 34:421-8; discussion 428. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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112
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Opposing effects of alcohol on the immune system. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 65:242-51. [PMID: 26375241 PMCID: PMC4911891 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have described a dose-dependent effect of alcohol on human health with light to moderate drinkers having a lower risk of all-cause mortality than abstainers, while heavy drinkers are at the highest risk. In the case of the immune system, moderate alcohol consumption is associated with reduced inflammation and improved responses to vaccination, while chronic heavy drinking is associated with a decreased frequency of lymphocytes and increased risk of both bacterial and viral infections. However, the mechanisms by which alcohol exerts a dose-dependent effect on the immune system remain poorly understood due to a lack of systematic studies that examine the effect of multiple doses and different time courses. This review will summarize our current understanding of the impact of moderate versus excessive alcohol consumption on the innate and adaptive branches of the immune system derived from both in vitro as well as in vivo studies carried out in humans and animal model studies.
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Zhang S, Liu Y, Wang G, Xiao X, Gang X, Li F, Sun C, Gao Y, Wang G. The Relationship between Alcohol Consumption and Incidence of Glycometabolic Abnormality in Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese Men. Int J Endocrinol 2016; 2016:1983702. [PMID: 26981121 PMCID: PMC4769752 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1983702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. The relationship between alcohol consumption and glycometabolic abnormality is controversial, especially in different ethnic population. In this study, a cross-sectional survey was carried out to examine the relationship between alcohol consumption and glycometabolic abnormality in middle-aged and elderly Chinese men. Methods. Using cluster random sampling, Chinese men aged more than 40 years from Changchun, China, were given standardized questionnaires. In total, 1996 individuals, for whom complete data was available, were recruited into the study. We calculated the incidence of prediabetes and newly diagnosed diabetes by three levels of alcohol consumption: light, moderate, and heavy. Multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for socioeconomic variables and diabetes-related risk factors were used to analyze the association between alcohol consumption and the onset of prediabetes and diabetes. Results. The univariate analysis revealed higher incidence of prediabetes among drinkers (32.8%) compared with nondrinkers (28.6%), particularly in heavy alcohol consumers. The logistic regression analysis showed that alcohol consumption, especially heavy consumption, was an independent risk factor for prediabetes. Conclusions. Alcohol consumption, heavy consumption in particular, is an independent risk factor for the development of prediabetes, but not for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 8 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yujia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 8 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 8 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Xianchao Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 8 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Xiaokun Gang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 8 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 8 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Chenglin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 8 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 8 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Guixia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 8 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
- *Guixia Wang:
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Dinwiddie GY, Zambrana RE, Doamekpor LA, Lopez L. The Impact of Educational Attainment on Observed Race/Ethnic Disparities in Inflammatory Risk in the 2001-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 13:ijerph13010042. [PMID: 26703686 PMCID: PMC4730433 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation has shown to be an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and growing evidence suggests Non-Hispanic Blacks (NHBs) and certain Hispanic subgroups have higher inflammation burden compared to Non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs). Socioeconomic status (SES) is a hypothesized pathway that may account for the higher inflammation burden for race/ethnic groups yet little is known about the biological processes by which SES “gets under the skin” to affect health and whether income and education have similar or distinct influences on elevated inflammation levels. The current study examines SES (income and education) associations with multiple levels of C-Reactive Protein (CRP), an important biomarker of inflammation, in a sample of 13,362 NHWs, 7696 NHBs and 4545 Mexican Americans (MAs) in the United States from the 2001 to 2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. After adjusting for age, sex, and statin use, NHBs and MAs had higher intermediate and high CRP levels compared to NHWs. Income lessened the magnitude of the association for both race/ethnic groups. The greater intermediate and high CRP burden for NHBs and MAs was strongly explained by educational attainment. MAs were more vulnerable to high CRP levels for the lowest (i.e., less than nine years) and post high school (i.e., associates degree) educational levels. After additional adjustment for smoking, heavy drinking, high waist circumference, high blood pressure, diabetes and statin use, the strength of the association between race/ethnicity and inflammation was reduced for NHBs with elevated intermediate (RR = 1.31; p ≤ 0.001) and high CRP levels (RR = 1.14; p ≤ 0.001) compared to NHWs but the effect attenuated for MAs for both intermediate (RR = 0.74; p ≤ 0.001) and high CRP levels (RR = 0.38; p ≤ 0.001). These findings suggest educational attainment is a powerful predictor of elevated CRP levels in race/ethnic populations and challenges studies to move beyond examining income as a better predictor in the SES-inflammation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gniesha Y Dinwiddie
- African American Studies Department, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
- Maryland Population Research Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Ruth E Zambrana
- Women's Studies Department, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
- Consortium on Race, Gender and Ethnicity, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | | | - Lenny Lopez
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.
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Lacey RE, Sacker A, Kumari M, Worts D, McDonough P, Booker C, McMunn A. Work-family life courses and markers of stress and inflammation in mid-life: evidence from the National Child Development Study. Int J Epidemiol 2015; 45:1247-1259. [PMID: 26467761 PMCID: PMC5841625 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study investigated associations between work-family life courses and biomarkers of inflammation and stress in mid-life among British men and women. Gender differences in these associations were also explored. Methods: A novel statistical method—multi-channel sequence analysis—defined work-family life courses between the ages of 16 and 42 years, combining annual information on work, partnership and parenthood. Associations between work-family life courses and inflammation [C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor] and cortisol at age 44/45 years were tested using multivariate linear regression using multiply-imputed data on almost 6500 participants from the National Child Development Study 1958 British birth cohort. Results: Compared with those who combined strong ties to paid work with later transitions to stable family lives (‘Work, later family’ group), ‘Teen parents’ had higher CRP [40.6% higher, 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.6, 87.0] and fibrinogen (7.8% higher, 95% CI: 2.3, 13.5) levels, and homemakers (‘No paid work, early family’) had raised fibrinogen levels (4.7% higher, 95% CI: 0.7, 9.0), independent of childhood health and socioeconomic position, adult socioeconomic position, health behaviours and body mass index (BMI). Those who combined later transitions to stable family ties with a career break for childrearing had higher post-waking cortisol than the ‘Work, later family’ group; however, no associations were seen for other work-family types, therefore suggesting a null finding with cortisol. No statistically significant gender interactions in associations between work-family types and inflammatory or cortisol outcomes were found. Conclusions: Work-family life courses characterised by early parenthood or weak work ties were associated with a raised risk profile in relation to chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Lacey
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, UK,
| | - Amanda Sacker
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Meena Kumari
- Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, UK and
| | - Diana Worts
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peggy McDonough
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cara Booker
- Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, UK and
| | - Anne McMunn
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, UK
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Gacouin A, Roussel M, Le Priol J, Azzaoui I, Uhel F, Fest T, Le Tulzo Y, Tadie JM. Acute alcohol exposure has an independent impact on C-reactive protein levels, neutrophil CD64 expression, and subsets of circulating white blood cells differentiated by flow cytometry in nontrauma patients. Shock 2015; 42:192-8. [PMID: 24827394 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute and massive alcohol exposure (blood alcohol concentration of ≥1 g/L) is a common way to consume alcohol. In a prospective study performed in critically ill nontrauma patients, we compared C-reactive protein (CRP) values, circulating subsets of white blood cells, and neutrophil CD64 indexes recorded at admission to the intensive care unit between abstinent or moderate drinkers (n = 173), patients with acute or chronic alcohol exposure (n = 32), and patients with acute exposure but not chronically exposed to alcohol (n = 27). Values for CRP (P < 0.001), circulating neutrophils (P < 0.001), and neutrophil CD64 indexes (P < 0.001) were significantly lower in patients acutely exposed compared with the other patients, whereas values for B lymphocytes (P < 0.001) and cytotoxic (P < 0.001) and noncytotoxic T lymphocytes (P < 0.001) were significantly higher. After multiple regression analysis, alcohol exposure remained independently associated with values of CRP, neutrophils CD4 indexes, cytotoxic and noncytotoxic T lymphocytes, and CD16-negative and -positive monocytes. These results were not affected by the presence or absence of infection at admission. Our results suggest that in nontrauma critically ill patients, acute alcohol exposure diminishes inflammation and increases numbers of circulating B and T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Gacouin
- *CHU Rennes, Maladies Infectieuses et Réanimation Médicale; †Inserm-CIC; ‡Univ Rennes 1, Faculté de Médecine, Biosit; §CHU Rennes, Laboratoire d'Hématologie; and ∥Inserm U 917, Rennes, France
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Ramallal R, Toledo E, Martínez-González MA, Hernández-Hernández A, García-Arellano A, Shivappa N, Hébert JR, Ruiz-Canela M. Dietary Inflammatory Index and Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease in the SUN Cohort. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135221. [PMID: 26340022 PMCID: PMC4560420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diet is known to play a key role in atherogenesis and in the development of cardiovascular events. Dietary factors may mediate these processes acting as potential modulators of inflammation. Potential Links between inflammatory properties of diet and the occurrence of cardiovascular events have not been tested previously. Objective We aimed to assess the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII), a method to assess the inflammatory potential of the diet, and incident cardiovascular disease. Methods In the prospective, dynamic SUN cohort, 18,794 middle-aged, Spanish university graduates were followed up for 8.9 years (median). A validated 136-item food-frequency questionnaire was used to calculate the DII. The DII is based on scientific evidence about the relationship between diet and inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α). Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between the DII and incident cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction, stroke or cardiovascular death). Results The risk for cardiovascular events progressively increased with each increasing quartile of DII (ptrend = 0.017). The multivariable-adjusted HR for participants in the highest (most pro-inflammatory) vs. the lowest quartile of the DII was 2.03 (95% CI 1.06–3.88). Conclusions A pro-inflammatory diet was associated with a significantly higher risk for developing cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Ramallal
- Department of Cardiology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Servicio Navarro de Salud, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Estefanía Toledo
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Ciber de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Martínez-González
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Ciber de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aitor Hernández-Hernández
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana García-Arellano
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Ciber de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - James R. Hébert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Canela
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Ciber de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Hong SW, Linton JA, Shim JY, Kang HT. High-risk drinking is associated with a higher risk of diabetes mellitus in Korean men, based on the 2010-2012 KNHANES. Alcohol 2015; 49:275-81. [PMID: 25920001 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We examined the association between alcohol-drinking pattern and diabetes mellitus (DM) in Korean adults. This cross-sectional study included 12,486 participants (5551 men and 6935 women) who participated in the 2010-2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We categorized alcohol-drinking pattern into three groups based on the alcohol-use disorders identification test (AUDIT): low-risk (score: 0-7), intermediate-risk (score: 8-14), and high-risk (score: ≥15). DM was defined as having fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL or taking glucose-lowering medication, including insulin therapy. In the study population, 25.2% of men and 4.7% of women were high-risk drinkers. DM prevalence was 9.2% in men and 5.4% in women. DM prevalence was 9.0% and 5.7% in the low-risk drinking group, 7.6% and 4.1% in the intermediate-risk drinking group, and 11.2% and 3.5% in the high-risk drinking group in men and women, respectively. Compared to the low-risk drinking group, odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of men and women in the intermediate-risk drinking group for DM were 1.043 (0.779-1.396) and 1.139 (0.712-1.824), respectively, and 1.480 (1.133-1.933) and 0.827 (0.296-2.311) in the high-risk drinking group, after adjusting for age and other confounding factors. In conclusion, high-risk drinking appears to be associated with a higher risk of DM in men, but not in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Won Hong
- Health Promotion Center, Chung-Ang University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - John A Linton
- International Health Care Center, Severance Hospital, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Shim
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Taik Kang
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Mathews MJ, Liebenberg L, Mathews EH. The mechanism by which moderate alcohol consumption influences coronary heart disease. Nutr J 2015; 14:33. [PMID: 25889723 PMCID: PMC4389579 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-015-0011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a lower risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). A suitably integrated view of the CHD pathogenesis pathway will help to elucidate how moderate alcohol consumption could reduce CHD risk. Methods A comprehensive literature review was conducted focusing on the pathogenesis of CHD. Biomarker data were further systematically analysed from 294 cohort studies, comprising 1 161 560 subjects. From the above a suitably integrated CHD pathogenetic system for the purpose of this study was developed. Results The resulting integrated system now provides insight into the integrated higher-order interactions underlying CHD and moderate alcohol consumption. A novel ‘connection graph’ further simplifies these interactions by illustrating the relationship between moderate alcohol consumption and the relative risks (RR) attributed to various measureable CHD serological biomarkers. Thus, the possible reasons for the reduced RR for CHD with moderate alcohol consumption become clear at a glance. Conclusions An integrated high-level model of CHD, its pathogenesis, biomarkers, and moderate alcohol consumption provides a summary of the evidence that a causal relationship between CHD risk and moderate alcohol consumption may exist. It also shows the importance of each CHD pathway that moderate alcohol consumption influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc J Mathews
- CRCED, North-West University, and Consultants to TEMM International (Pty) Ltd, P.O. Box 11207, Silver Lakes, 0054, South Africa.
| | - Leon Liebenberg
- CRCED, North-West University, and Consultants to TEMM International (Pty) Ltd, P.O. Box 11207, Silver Lakes, 0054, South Africa.
| | - Edward H Mathews
- CRCED, North-West University, and Consultants to TEMM International (Pty) Ltd, P.O. Box 11207, Silver Lakes, 0054, South Africa.
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Dietary inflammatory index and anthropometric measures of obesity in a population sample at high cardiovascular risk from the PREDIMED (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea) trial. Br J Nutr 2015; 113:984-95. [PMID: 25720588 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514004401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The dietary inflammatory index (DII) is a new tool to assess the inflammatory potential of the diet. In the present study, we aimed to determine the association between the DII and BMI, waist circumference and waist:height ratio (WHtR). We conducted a cross-sectional study of 7236 participants recruited into the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea trial. Information from a validated 137-item FFQ was used to calculate energy, food and nutrient intakes. A fourteen-item dietary screener was used to assess adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MeDiet). Sex-specific multivariable linear regression models were fitted to estimate differences (and 95 % CI) in BMI, waist circumference and WHtR across the quintiles of the DII. All nutrient intakes, healthy foods and adherence to the MeDiet were higher in the quintile with the lowest DII score (more anti-inflammatory values) except for intakes of animal protein, saturated fat and monounsaturated fat. Although an inverse association between the DII and total energy was apparent, the DII was associated with higher average BMI, waist circumference and WHtR after adjusting for known risk factors. The adjusted difference in the WHtR for women and men between the highest and lowest quintiles of the DII was 1·60 % (95 % CI 0·87, 2·33) and 1·04 % (95 % CI 0·35, 1·74), respectively. Pro-inflammatory scores remained associated with obesity after controlling for the effect that adherence to a MeDiet had on inflammation. In conclusion, the present study shows a direct association between the DII and indices of obesity, and supports the hypothesis that diet may have a role in the development of obesity through inflammatory modulation mechanisms.
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Presence of fatty liver and the relationship between alcohol consumption and markers of inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:278785. [PMID: 25788761 PMCID: PMC4348581 DOI: 10.1155/2015/278785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims. Local and systemic inflammation represent a major feature of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) and are also linked to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Studies indicate that NAFLD might be a risk factor for CVD whereas low-to-moderate alcohol consumption is associated with lower cardiovascular morbidity and mortality compared to abstainers and heavy drinkers. We hypothesize that FLD interacts with the effect of alcohol intake on markers of inflammation, and thus potentially on cardiovascular risk. Methods and Results. We evaluated alcohol consumption, markers of inflammation and sonographic criteria of FLD in 515 subjects, representing a subsample of a cross-sectional population based study (Echinococcus multilocularis and Internal Diseases in Leutkirch (EMIL) Study).
Presence of FLD was markedly reduced in subjects drinking 0–20 g alcohol/d (19%), compared to nondrinkers (35%) and heavy drinkers (34–44.9%). Serum concentrations of inflammatory markers were substantially higher in subjects with FLD. However, presence of FLD showed no effect on the association between alcohol consumption and inflammatory biomarkers. Conclusions. Based on data from a population-based sample, there is no evidence for a link between FLD, alcohol consumption, and inflammatory cardiovascular risk markers. However, larger prospective studies are needed to confirm this.
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Escudero-López B, Berná G, Ortega Á, Herrero-Martín G, Cerrillo I, Martín F, Fernández-Pachón MS. Consumption of orange fermented beverage reduces cardiovascular risk factors in healthy mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 78:78-85. [PMID: 25666657 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of fruits prevents the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Alcoholic fermentation has been carried out in fruits resulting in products which provide high concentration of bioactive compounds and variable alcohol content. The aim of this study was to assess the potential beneficial effect of an orange beverage obtained by alcoholic fermentation and pasteurization of orange juice on cardiovascular risk biomarkers. For this purpose, four mice groups (n = 8) ingested orange beverage (equivalent volume to 250 mL/day in human), orange juice, alcoholic solution (at the proportional amount of orange beverage) or water during 12 weeks. The equivalent amount to double serving of orange beverage (500 mL/day) was administered to mice in a subsequent intervention, and a control group was also evaluated. Orange beverage consumption increased levels of glutathione and uric acid, improved lipid profile, decreased oxidized LDL and maintained levels of IL-6 and C-reactive protein. Synergistic effects between the bioactive compounds and the alcohol content of orange beverage may occur. The intake of double serving also increased antioxidant enzyme activities, bilirubin content and plasma antioxidant capacity. These results suggest that orange beverage may produce greater protection against cardiovascular risk factors than orange juice in healthy mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Escudero-López
- Area of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Engineering, Pablo de Olavide University, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, E-41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Genoveva Berná
- Area of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Engineering, Pablo de Olavide University, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, E-41013 Seville, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Ángeles Ortega
- Area of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Engineering, Pablo de Olavide University, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, E-41013 Seville, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Griselda Herrero-Martín
- Area of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Engineering, Pablo de Olavide University, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, E-41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Isabel Cerrillo
- Area of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Engineering, Pablo de Olavide University, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, E-41013 Seville, Spain; Associated Researcher at Autónoma de Chile University, Av. Pedro de Valdivia 641, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Franz Martín
- Area of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Engineering, Pablo de Olavide University, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, E-41013 Seville, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - María-Soledad Fernández-Pachón
- Area of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Engineering, Pablo de Olavide University, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, E-41013 Seville, Spain; Associated Researcher at Autónoma de Chile University, Av. Pedro de Valdivia 641, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
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125
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Association of socioeconomic status with inflammatory markers: a two cohort comparison. Prev Med 2015; 71:12-9. [PMID: 25482420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and inflammatory markers using two different European population samples. METHODS We used data from the CoLaus (N=6412, Lausanne, Switzerland) and EPIPorto (N=1205, Porto, Portugal) studies. Education and occupational position were used as indicators of socioeconomic status (SES). High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was available for both cohorts. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were available in CoLaus; leukocyte count and fibrinogen in EPIPorto. RESULTS We showed that low SES was significantly associated with high inflammation in both studies. We also showed that behavioural factors contributed the most to SES differences in inflammation. In both studies the larger difference between the lowest and the highest SES was observed for hs-CRP. In the Swiss sample, a linear association between education and hs-CRP persisted after adjustment for all mediating factors and confounders considered (p for linear trend <0.001). CONCLUSION Large social differences exist in inflammatory activity, in part independently from demographic and behavioural factors, chronic conditions and medication use. SES differences in inflammation are also similar in countries with different underlying socioeconomic conditions.
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Munkholm K, Weikop P, Kessing LV, Vinberg M. Elevated levels of IL-6 and IL-18 in manic and hypomanic states in rapid cycling bipolar disorder patients. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 43:205-13. [PMID: 25451609 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory system dysregulation may be involved in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder with peripheral cytokine levels varying between affective states; however, the evidence is based primarily on case-control studies and limited by methodological issues. The objectives of the present study were to assess alterations of peripheral cytokine levels between affective states in rapid cycling bipolar disorder patients and to compare these with levels in healthy control subjects. In a longitudinal design, repeated measurements of plasma levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, IL-1β and TNF-α were obtained in affective states of varying polarity during 6-12 months in 37 rapid cycling bipolar disorder patients and compared with repeated measurements in 40 age- and gender matched healthy control subjects, using rigorous laboratory-, clinical- and statistical methodology. Adjusting for demographical, clinical- and lifestyle factors, levels of IL-6 (p<0.05) and IL-18 (p<0.005) were significantly elevated in rapid cycling bipolar disorder patients in a manic/hypomanic state, compared with a depressed and a euthymic state. Compared with healthy control subjects, unadjusted levels of IL-6 (p<0.05) and IL-18 (p<0.05) were elevated in manic/hypomanic bipolar disorder patients. Levels of IL-10 and IL-1β were undetectable in the majority of samples; high TNF-α assay variability was found. The results support a role for altered peripheral immune response signaling in rapid cycling bipolar disorder and suggest that IL-6 and IL-18 could be markers of manic episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Munkholm
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Pia Weikop
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Vedel Kessing
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maj Vinberg
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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127
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Kim GT. Diet and Folk Medicines for Rheumatic Diseases. JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2015. [DOI: 10.4078/jrd.2015.22.1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geun-Tae Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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128
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Li L, Ruau DJ, Patel CJ, Weber SC, Chen R, Tatonetti NP, Dudley JT, Butte AJ. Disease risk factors identified through shared genetic architecture and electronic medical records. Sci Transl Med 2014; 6:234ra57. [PMID: 24786325 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3007191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified genetic variants for thousands of diseases and traits. We evaluated the relationships between specific risk factors (for example, blood cholesterol level) and diseases on the basis of their shared genetic architecture in a comprehensive human disease-single-nucleotide polymorphism association database (VARIMED), analyzing the findings from 8962 published association studies. Similarity between traits and diseases was statistically evaluated on the basis of their association with shared gene variants. We identified 120 disease-trait pairs that were statistically similar, and of these, we tested and validated five previously unknown disease-trait associations by searching electronic medical records (EMRs) from three independent medical centers for evidence of the trait appearing in patients within 1 year of first diagnosis of the disease. We validated that the mean corpuscular volume is elevated before diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia; both have associated variants in the gene IKZF1. Platelet count is decreased before diagnosis of alcohol dependence; both are associated with variants in the gene C12orf51. Alkaline phosphatase level is elevated in patients with venous thromboembolism; both share variants in ABO. Similarly, we found that prostate-specific antigen and serum magnesium levels were altered before the diagnosis of lung cancer and gastric cancer, respectively. Disease-trait associations identify traits that could serve as future prognostics, if validated through EMR and subsequent prospective trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1265 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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129
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Takvorian SU, Merola JF, Costenbader KH. Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and risk of systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2014; 23:537-44. [PMID: 24763538 DOI: 10.1177/0961203313501400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex multisystem autoimmune disease whose pathogenesis is thought to involve both genetic and environmental factors. It is possible that common environmental exposures, such as cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption, might modify risk of disease development in certain individuals. Here we aim to review the epidemiologic evidence related to the association of cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and the risk of developing SLE. A growing body of evidence suggests that cigarette smoking confers a short-term increased risk of SLE in genetically susceptible individuals. On the other hand, alcohol consumption in moderate doses may have a protective effect against the development of SLE, although this is still debated. We also have reviewed proposed mechanistic explanations underlying the role of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption in SLE pathogenesis.
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130
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Arendt-Nielsen L, Eskehave TN, Egsgaard LL, Petersen KK, Graven-Nielsen T, Hoeck HC, Simonsen O, Siebuhr AS, Karsdal M, Bay-Jensen AC. Association Between Experimental Pain Biomarkers and Serologic Markers in Patients With Different Degrees of Painful Knee Osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:3317-26. [DOI: 10.1002/art.38856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas N. Eskehave
- Aalborg University and Center for Clinical and Basic Research; Aalborg Denmark
| | - Line L. Egsgaard
- Aalborg University and Center for Clinical and Basic Research; Aalborg Denmark
| | | | | | - Hans C. Hoeck
- C4Pain and Center for Clinical and Basic Research; Aalborg Denmark
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131
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The epidemiology of alcohol consumption and multiple sclerosis: a review. Neurol Sci 2014; 36:189-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-014-2007-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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132
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Rasouli B, Andersson T, Carlsson PO, Dorkhan M, Grill V, Groop L, Martinell M, Tuomi T, Carlsson S. Alcohol and the risk for latent autoimmune diabetes in adults: results based on Swedish ESTRID study. Eur J Endocrinol 2014; 171:535-43. [PMID: 25117461 PMCID: PMC4190680 DOI: 10.1530/eje-14-0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. Our aim was to investigate whether alcohol consumption is associated with the risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), an autoimmune form of diabetes with features of type 2 diabetes. DESIGN A population-based case-control study was carried out to investigate the association of alcohol consumption and the risk of LADA. METHODS We used data from the ESTRID case-control study carried out between 2010 and 2013, including 250 incident cases of LADA (glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADAs) positive) and 764 cases of type 2 diabetes (GADA negative), and 1012 randomly selected controls aged ≥35. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) of diabetes in relation to alcohol intake, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, family history of diabetes, smoking, and education. RESULTS Alcohol consumption was inversely associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.92-0.99 for every 5-g increment in daily intake). Similar results were observed for LADA, but stratification by median GADA levels revealed that the results only pertained to LADA with low GADA levels (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.76-0.94/5 g alcohol per day), whereas no association was observed with LADA having high GADA levels (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.94-1.06/5 g per day). Every 5-g increment of daily alcohol intake was associated with a 10% increase in GADA levels (P=0.0312), and a 10% reduction in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (P=0.0418). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that alcohol intake may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes and type 2-like LADA, but has no beneficial effects on diabetes-related autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Rasouli
- Epidemiology UnitInstitute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77 Stockholm, SwedenCenter for Occupational and Environmental MedicineStockholm County Council, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Medical SciencesUppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Clinical Sciences in MalmöClinical Research Centre, Lund University, SE-205 02 Malmö, SwedenNTNU Institute of Cancer Research and Molecular MedicineNorwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, NorwayDepartment of Public Health and Caring SciencesUppsala University, SE-751 22 Uppsala, SwedenDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Research Program for Diabetes and Obesity and Folkhalsan Research Center, University of Helsinki, F-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomas Andersson
- Epidemiology UnitInstitute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77 Stockholm, SwedenCenter for Occupational and Environmental MedicineStockholm County Council, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Medical SciencesUppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Clinical Sciences in MalmöClinical Research Centre, Lund University, SE-205 02 Malmö, SwedenNTNU Institute of Cancer Research and Molecular MedicineNorwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, NorwayDepartment of Public Health and Caring SciencesUppsala University, SE-751 22 Uppsala, SwedenDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Research Program for Diabetes and Obesity and Folkhalsan Research Center, University of Helsinki, F-00014 Helsinki, Finland Epidemiology UnitInstitute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77 Stockholm, SwedenCenter for Occupational and Environmental MedicineStockholm County Council, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Medical SciencesUppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Clinical Sciences in MalmöClinical Research Centre, Lund University, SE-205 02 Malmö, SwedenNTNU Institute of Cancer Research and Molecular MedicineNorwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, NorwayDepartment of Public Health and Caring SciencesUppsala University, SE-751 22 Uppsala, SwedenDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Research Program for Diabetes and Obesity and Folkhalsan Research Center, University of Helsinki, F-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per-Ola Carlsson
- Epidemiology UnitInstitute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77 Stockholm, SwedenCenter for Occupational and Environmental MedicineStockholm County Council, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Medical SciencesUppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Clinical Sciences in MalmöClinical Research Centre, Lund University, SE-205 02 Malmö, SwedenNTNU Institute of Cancer Research and Molecular MedicineNorwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, NorwayDepartment of Public Health and Caring SciencesUppsala University, SE-751 22 Uppsala, SwedenDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Research Program for Diabetes and Obesity and Folkhalsan Research Center, University of Helsinki, F-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mozhgan Dorkhan
- Epidemiology UnitInstitute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77 Stockholm, SwedenCenter for Occupational and Environmental MedicineStockholm County Council, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Medical SciencesUppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Clinical Sciences in MalmöClinical Research Centre, Lund University, SE-205 02 Malmö, SwedenNTNU Institute of Cancer Research and Molecular MedicineNorwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, NorwayDepartment of Public Health and Caring SciencesUppsala University, SE-751 22 Uppsala, SwedenDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Research Program for Diabetes and Obesity and Folkhalsan Research Center, University of Helsinki, F-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Valdemar Grill
- Epidemiology UnitInstitute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77 Stockholm, SwedenCenter for Occupational and Environmental MedicineStockholm County Council, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Medical SciencesUppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Clinical Sciences in MalmöClinical Research Centre, Lund University, SE-205 02 Malmö, SwedenNTNU Institute of Cancer Research and Molecular MedicineNorwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, NorwayDepartment of Public Health and Caring SciencesUppsala University, SE-751 22 Uppsala, SwedenDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Research Program for Diabetes and Obesity and Folkhalsan Research Center, University of Helsinki, F-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leif Groop
- Epidemiology UnitInstitute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77 Stockholm, SwedenCenter for Occupational and Environmental MedicineStockholm County Council, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Medical SciencesUppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Clinical Sciences in MalmöClinical Research Centre, Lund University, SE-205 02 Malmö, SwedenNTNU Institute of Cancer Research and Molecular MedicineNorwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, NorwayDepartment of Public Health and Caring SciencesUppsala University, SE-751 22 Uppsala, SwedenDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Research Program for Diabetes and Obesity and Folkhalsan Research Center, University of Helsinki, F-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mats Martinell
- Epidemiology UnitInstitute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77 Stockholm, SwedenCenter for Occupational and Environmental MedicineStockholm County Council, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Medical SciencesUppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Clinical Sciences in MalmöClinical Research Centre, Lund University, SE-205 02 Malmö, SwedenNTNU Institute of Cancer Research and Molecular MedicineNorwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, NorwayDepartment of Public Health and Caring SciencesUppsala University, SE-751 22 Uppsala, SwedenDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Research Program for Diabetes and Obesity and Folkhalsan Research Center, University of Helsinki, F-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiinamaja Tuomi
- Epidemiology UnitInstitute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77 Stockholm, SwedenCenter for Occupational and Environmental MedicineStockholm County Council, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Medical SciencesUppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Clinical Sciences in MalmöClinical Research Centre, Lund University, SE-205 02 Malmö, SwedenNTNU Institute of Cancer Research and Molecular MedicineNorwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, NorwayDepartment of Public Health and Caring SciencesUppsala University, SE-751 22 Uppsala, SwedenDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Research Program for Diabetes and Obesity and Folkhalsan Research Center, University of Helsinki, F-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sofia Carlsson
- Epidemiology UnitInstitute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77 Stockholm, SwedenCenter for Occupational and Environmental MedicineStockholm County Council, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Medical SciencesUppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Clinical Sciences in MalmöClinical Research Centre, Lund University, SE-205 02 Malmö, SwedenNTNU Institute of Cancer Research and Molecular MedicineNorwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, NorwayDepartment of Public Health and Caring SciencesUppsala University, SE-751 22 Uppsala, SwedenDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Research Program for Diabetes and Obesity and Folkhalsan Research Center, University of Helsinki, F-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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133
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Life course socioeconomic position and C-reactive protein: mediating role of health-risk behaviors and metabolic alterations. The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). PLoS One 2014; 9:e108426. [PMID: 25309988 PMCID: PMC4195589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation has been postulated to be one mediating mechanism explaining the association between low socioeconomic position (SEP) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We sought to examine the association between life course SEP and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in adulthood, and to evaluate the extent to which health-risk behaviors and metabolic alterations mediate this association. Additionally, we explored the possible modifying influence of gender. METHODS AND FINDINGS Our analytical sample comprised 13,371 participants from ELSA-Brasil baseline, a multicenter prospective cohort study of civil servants. SEP during childhood, young adulthood, and adulthood were considered. The potential mediators between life course SEP and CRP included clusters of health-risk behaviors (smoking, low leisure time physical activity, excessive alcohol consumption), and metabolic alterations (obesity, hypertension, low HDL, hypertriglyceridemia, and diabetes). Linear regression models were performed and structural equation modeling was used to evaluate mediation. Although lower childhood SEP was associated with higher levels of CRP in adult life, this association was not independent of adulthood SEP. However, CRP increased linearly with increasing number of unfavorable social circumstances during the life course (p trend <0.001). The metabolic alterations were the most important mediator between cumulative SEP and CRP. This mediation path accounted for 49.5% of the total effect of cumulative SEP on CRP among women, but only 20.2% among men. In consequence, the portion of the total effect of cumulative SEP on CRP that was mediated by risk behaviors and metabolic alterations was higher among women (55.4%) than among men (36.8%). CONCLUSIONS Cumulative SEP across life span was associated with elevated systemic inflammation in adulthood. Although health-risk behaviors and metabolic alterations were important mediators of this association, a sizable fraction of this association was not mediated by these factors, suggesting that other pathways might play a role, especially among men.
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134
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Silverwood RJ, Holmes MV, Dale CE, Lawlor DA, Whittaker JC, Smith GD, Leon DA, Palmer T, Keating BJ, Zuccolo L, Casas JP, Dudbridge F. Testing for non-linear causal effects using a binary genotype in a Mendelian randomization study: application to alcohol and cardiovascular traits. Int J Epidemiol 2014; 43:1781-90. [PMID: 25192829 PMCID: PMC4276061 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyu187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mendelian randomization studies have so far restricted attention to linear associations relating the genetic instrument to the exposure, and the exposure to the outcome. In some cases, however, observational data suggest a non-linear association between exposure and outcome. For example, alcohol consumption is consistently reported as having a U-shaped association with cardiovascular events. In principle, Mendelian randomization could address concerns that the apparent protective effect of light-to-moderate drinking might reflect ‘sick-quitters’ and confounding. Methods: The Alcohol-ADH1B Consortium was established to study the causal effects of alcohol consumption on cardiovascular events and biomarkers, using the single nucleotide polymorphism rs1229984 in ADH1B as a genetic instrument. To assess non-linear causal effects in this study, we propose a novel method based on estimating local average treatment effects for discrete levels of the exposure range, then testing for a linear trend in those effects. Our method requires an assumption that the instrument has the same effect on exposure in all individuals. We conduct simulations examining the robustness of the method to violations of this assumption, and apply the method to the Alcohol-ADH1B Consortium data. Results: Our method gave a conservative test for non-linearity under realistic violations of the key assumption. We found evidence for a non-linear causal effect of alcohol intake on several cardiovascular traits. Conclusions: We believe our method is useful for inferring departure from linearity when only a binary instrument is available. We estimated non-linear causal effects of alcohol intake which could not have been estimated through standard instrumental variable approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Silverwood
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Statistical Methodology and Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics, R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, UK, Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Statistical Methodology and Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics, R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, UK, Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Statistical Methodology and Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics, R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, UK, Center for Applied Genomics
| | - Michael V Holmes
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Statistical Methodology and Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics, R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, UK, Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Statistical Methodology and Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics, R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, UK, Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Caroline E Dale
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Statistical Methodology and Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics, R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, UK, Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Debbie A Lawlor
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Statistical Methodology and Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics, R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, UK, Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Statistical Methodology and Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics, R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, UK, Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - John C Whittaker
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Statistical Methodology and Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics, R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, UK, Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Statistical Methodology and Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics, R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, UK, Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Statistical Methodology and Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics, R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, UK, Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Statistical Methodology and Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics, R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, UK, Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - David A Leon
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Statistical Methodology and Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics, R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, UK, Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tom Palmer
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Statistical Methodology and Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics, R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, UK, Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Brendan J Keating
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Statistical Methodology and Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics, R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, UK, Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Luisa Zuccolo
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Statistical Methodology and Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics, R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, UK, Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Statistical Methodology and Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics, R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, UK, Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Juan P Casas
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Statistical Methodology and Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics, R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, UK, Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Statistical Methodology and Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics, R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, UK, Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Frank Dudbridge
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Statistical Methodology and Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics, R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, UK, Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Statistical Methodology and Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics, R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, UK, Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Statistical Methodology and Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics, R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, UK, Center for Applied Genomics
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Low-grade inflammation disrupts structural plasticity in the human brain. Neuroscience 2014; 275:81-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Botha S, Fourie CMT, Schutte R, Kruger A, Schutte AE. Associations of suPAR with lifestyle and cardiometabolic risk factors. Eur J Clin Invest 2014; 44:619-26. [PMID: 24810168 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), a novel indicator of low-grade inflammation, is associated with cardiovascular disease and mortality in the general population, while an unhealthy lifestyle influences inflammatory status. We aimed to explore the relationship of suPAR with lifestyle and cardiometabolic risk factors in a black South African population. DESIGN This cross-sectional study includes 1068 men and women (56·4 ± 10·1 years) from the North West province who took part in the South African leg of the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study in 2010. Captured data included a detailed lifestyle profile (tobacco use, alcohol consumption, physical activity, psychological and dietary intake status), biochemical analyses (suPAR, C-reactive protein (CRP), glucose and lipids), as well as cardiovascular and anthropometric measurements. RESULTS In exploratory analyses, we observed positive relationships between suPAR and lifestyle factors, such as tobacco use (P-trend < 0·001), both alcohol consumption (P-trend = 0·001) and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (P-trend < 0·001) and unemployment (P-trend = 0·002). suPAR and CRP correlated significantly (r = 0·23; P < 0·001). These relationships were confirmed in multiple regression analyses as suPAR independently associated with tobacco use (β = 0·13; P < 0·001), GGT (β = 0·24; P < 0·001) and unemployment (β = 0·07; P = 0·039). suPAR did not associate with the cardiometabolic factors glucose, lipids, blood pressure or measures of adiposity. CONCLUSION suPAR was independently associated with unhealthy lifestyle behaviours, but not with cardiometabolic risk factors suggesting that suPAR, as known predictor of cardiovascular disease and mortality, is augmented by modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. These findings emphasise the need for a healthy lifestyle to decrease the burden of cardiovascular disease in Africans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Botha
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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137
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Modifying Effect ofN-Acetyltransferase 2 Genotype on the Association Between Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Consumption of Alcohol and Caffeine-Rich Beverages. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2014; 66:1048-56. [DOI: 10.1002/acr.22282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Owsley C, Huisingh C, Jackson GR, Curcio CA, Szalai AJ, Dashti N, Clark M, Rookard K, McCrory MA, Wright TT, Callahan MA, Kline LB, Witherspoon CD, McGwin G. Associations between abnormal rod-mediated dark adaptation and health and functioning in older adults with normal macular health. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:4776-89. [PMID: 24854857 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-14502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Delayed rod-mediated dark adaptation (DA) is characteristic of early age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and also can be observed in some older adults in normal macular health. We examine cross-sectional associations between rod-mediated DA and risk factors for AMD in older adults in normal macular health. METHODS The sample consisted of adults aged ≥60 years old in normal macular health per grading of fundus photos using an established disease classification system. Rod-mediated DA was measured psychophysically following a photobleach using a computer-automated dark adaptometer with targets centered at 5° on the inferior vertical meridian. The speed of DA was characterized by the rod-intercept value, with abnormal DA defined as rod-intercept ≥ 12.3 minutes. We assessed several health and functional characteristics that the literature has suggested increase AMD risk (e.g., smoking, alcohol use, inflammatory markers, apolipoproteins, low luminance visual acuity, chronic medical conditions, body mass, family history). RESULTS Among 381 participants (mean age, 68.5 years; SD, 5.5), 78% had normal and 22% had abnormal DA, with the prevalence of abnormal DA increasing with age. After age-adjustment, abnormal DA was associated with increased odds of elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), heavy use of or abstention from alcohol, high blood pressure, and drop in visual acuity under mesopic conditions. CONCLUSIONS Despite having normal macular health according to accepted definitions of AMD presence, approximately one-quarter of older adults recruited from primary eye care clinics had abnormal DA, which was associated with known risk factors for AMD, including elevated CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Owsley
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Carrie Huisingh
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Gregory R Jackson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Christine A Curcio
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Alexander J Szalai
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Nassrin Dashti
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Mark Clark
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Kia Rookard
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Mark A McCrory
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Tyler T Wright
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Michael A Callahan
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Lanning B Kline
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - C Douglas Witherspoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Gerald McGwin
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
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Rao PSS, Ahmed S, Sari Y. Effects of ceftriaxone on systemic and central expression of anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines in alcohol-preferring (P) rats exposed to ethanol. Alcohol Alcohol 2014; 49:390-8. [PMID: 24743029 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agu019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Determine the effect of reduction in ethanol consumption by alcohol-preferring (P) rats, following ceftriaxone treatment, on the cytokines levels in prefrontal cortex (PFC) and plasma. METHODS Following 5 weeks of free access to ethanol (15 and 30%), P rats were treated daily with ceftriaxone or saline vehicle for either 2 or 5 consecutive days. Plasma and PFC were collected from ceftriaxone- and saline vehicle-treated groups, and assayed for the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. RESULTS A significant increase in the plasma level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was observed in the ceftriaxone-treated group when compared with the saline-treated group in both the 2-day and 5-day treatments. Furthermore, ceftriaxone treatment for 2 days induced reduction in TNFα level in both plasma and PFC. Additionally, ceftriaxone treatment for 2 days significantly reduced the IFNγ level in PFC. CONCLUSION These findings show the ability of ceftriaxone to reduce alcohol consumption and induce modulation of the anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels in P rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S S Rao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - S Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Y Sari
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
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140
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Harjutsalo V, Feodoroff M, Forsblom C, Groop PH. Patients with Type 1 diabetes consuming alcoholic spirits have an increased risk of microvascular complications. Diabet Med 2014; 31:156-64. [PMID: 23952587 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Our aim was to evaluate the effect of the amount of alcohol consumption and the type of beverage on the risk of diabetic nephropathy and severe diabetic retinopathy. METHODS The alcohol consumption data were available from 3608 patients with Type 1 diabetes participating in the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study (FinnDiane). We assessed the cross-sectional association between alcohol consumption and diabetic nephropathy as well as retinopathy. Patients were divided into different groups according to the amount of alcohol and the type of beverage they were consuming. RESULTS In the multivariate analysis, the odds ratio for nephropathy was 1.39 (95% CI 1.05-1.84) for abstainers and 2.44 (95% CI 1.49-3.99) for former users compared with light consumers. The results were similar in retinopathy, with an odds ratio of 1.42 (95% CI 1.11-1.82) for abstainers and 1.73 (95% CI 1.07-2.79) for former users. No difference between light consumers and moderate or heavy consumers was observed. Compared with wine drinkers, men consuming mostly alcoholic spirits had a higher risk of nephropathy with an odds ratio of 2.80 (95% CI 1.15-6.81). In women, there was no difference in the risk of nephropathy between the different beverage types. Alcoholic spirit consumers had a higher risk of retinopathy with an odds ratio of 2.32 (95% CI 1.35-4.00). There was no difference between wine and beer consumers. CONCLUSIONS Alcoholic spirit drinkers carry a higher risk of nephropathy and severe retinopathy compared with wine drinkers. Lifelong abstainers and former users of alcohol have a higher risk of nephropathy and severe retinopathy compared with light consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Harjutsalo
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Diabetes Prevention Unit, Helsinki, Finland
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Eichholzer M, Richard A, Nicastro HL, Platz EA, Linseisen J, Rohrmann S. Urinary lignans and inflammatory markers in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004 and 2005-2008. Cancer Causes Control 2014; 25:395-403. [PMID: 24463788 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-014-0340-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic inflammation has been implicated in the etiology of various chronic diseases. We previously found that certain urinary isoflavones are associated with markers of inflammation. In the present study, we examined the associations of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell (WBC) count with lignans, which are more frequent in the Western diet than isoflavones. METHODS Our analysis included 2,028 participants of NHANES 2005-2008 and 2,628 participants of NHANES 1999-2004 aged 18 years and older. The exposures of interest were urinary mammalian lignans (enterodiol and enterolactone). Outcome variables were two inflammatory markers (CRP [≤10 mg/L] and WBC [≥3.0 and ≤11.7 (1,000 cells/μL)]). Log-transformed CRP concentration and WBC count by log-transformed creatinine-standardized concentrations of mammalian lignans were used for linear regression. RESULTS Statistically significant inverse associations of urinary lignan, enterodiol, and enterolactone concentrations with circulating CRP and WBC counts were observed in the multivariate-adjusted models: In NHANES 2005-2008, per one-percent increase in lignan concentrations in the urine, CRP concentrations and WBC counts decreased by 8.1 % (95 % CI -11.5, -4.5) and 1.9 % (95 % CI -2.7; -1.2), respectively. Per one-percent increase in enterodiol and enterolactone, WBC counts decreased by 2.1 % (95 % CI -2.8, -1.3) and 1.3 % (95 % CI -1.9, -0.6), respectively. In NHANES 1999-2004, analogous results were 3.0 % (95 % CI -5.6, -0.3), 1.2 % (95 % CI -2.0; -0.4), 1.0 % (95 % CI -1.8, -0.2), and 0.8 % (95 % CI -1.4, 0.2). CONCLUSIONS Mammalian lignans were inversely associated with markers of chronic inflammation. Due to the cross-sectional design, our findings require confirmation in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Eichholzer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001, Zurich, Switzerland,
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D'hooghe MB, De Keyser J. Associations of alcohol consumption with clinical and MRI measures in multiple sclerosis. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 12:657-60. [DOI: 10.1586/ern.12.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Metcalf PA, Scragg RKR, Jackson R. Light to moderate alcohol consumption is protective for type 2 diabetes mellitus in normal weight and overweight individuals but not the obese. J Obes 2014; 2014:634587. [PMID: 25140249 PMCID: PMC4130120 DOI: 10.1155/2014/634587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between alcohol consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) overall and by body mass index. METHODS Cross-sectional study of employed individuals. Daily alcohol intakes were calculated from a self-administered food frequency questionnaire by 5,512 Maori, Pacific Island, and European workers (3,992 men, 1520 women) aged 40 years and above. RESULTS There were 170 new cases of T2DM. Compared to the group with no alcohol consumption and adjusting for age, sex, and ethnicity, the group consuming alcohol had relative risks of T2DM of 0.23 (95% CI: 0.08, 0.65) in normal weight individuals, 0.38 (0.18, 0.81) in overweight individuals, and 0.99 (0.59, 1.67) in obese individuals. After further adjusting for total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, smoking habit, physical activity, socioeconomic status, body mass index, and hypertension, the relative risks of T2DM were 0.16 (0.05, 0.50) in normal weight individuals, 0.43 (0.19, 0.97) in overweight individuals, and 0.92 (0.52, 1.60) in overweight individuals. Across the categories of alcohol consumption, there was an approximate U-shaped relationship for new cases of T2DM. There was no significant association between alcohol consumption and IGT. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol consumption was protective against diagnosis of T2DM in normal and overweight individuals but not in the obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A. Metcalf
- Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- *Patricia A. Metcalf:
| | - Robert K. R. Scragg
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Rod Jackson
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Costello EJ, Copeland WE, Shanahan L, Worthman CM, Angold A. C-reactive protein and substance use disorders in adolescence and early adulthood: a prospective analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2013; 133:712-7. [PMID: 24099969 PMCID: PMC4106409 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulated immune function and elevated inflammation markers are seen in adults with chronic diseases, including some psychiatric disorders, but evidence on inflammation in the case of drug abuse is conflicting. OBJECTIVE To test the concurrent and predictive relations between C-reactive protein (CRP) and use and abuse of alcohol, nicotine and cannabis in a longitudinal, population sample of adolescents and young adults, at the period of highest increase in drug use. METHODS Data from the prospective population-based Great Smoky Mountains Study (N=1420) were used, covering children in the community assessed at ages 9-16, 19, and 21. Structured interviews were used to assess substance abuse symptoms and DSM-IV substance use disorders. Bloodspots were collected at each assessment and assayed for CRP. RESULTS CRP levels were higher in the presence of nicotine, alcohol, and cannabis use and nicotine dependence. In prospective analyses, higher CRP levels predicted cannabis use and nicotine dependence, and nicotine use predicted higher CRP levels, once covariates were included in the models. Significant covariates were age, race (American Indian), and obesity. CONCLUSIONS The inter-relationship of CRP and substance abuse has implications for the later health risks associated with early drug and alcohol use and abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lilly Shanahan
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | | | - Adrian Angold
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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Ábel T, Blázovics A, Wimmer A, Bekő G, Gaál B, Blazics B, Eldin M, Fehér J, Szabolcs I, Lengyel G. Beneficial effect of moderate white wine consumption on insulin sensitivity in patients with metabolic syndrome. ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2013. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.2013.1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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146
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Hoekstra T, Barbosa-Leiker C, Twisk JWR. Vital exhaustion and markers of low-grade inflammation in healthy adults: the Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study. Stress Health 2013; 29:392-400. [PMID: 23475803 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study analyses distinct trajectories of vital exhaustion (VE; a measure of mental health incorporating signs of stress and depression) over a period of 15 years in healthy adults and investigates further the consequences for markers of low-grade inflammation as indicators of cardiovascular disease risk. Data of 341 participants of the Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study were utilized. VE was measured by the Maastricht Questionnaire. Markers of low-grade inflammation included interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and tumour necrosis factor-α. Distinct trajectories of VE were obtained by latent class growth models, and consequences for markers of low-grade inflammation of the trajectories were analysed by linear regressions. We found comparable trajectories of VE for men and women; a 'never vitally exhausted' subgroup (16.9% and 25.1%, respectively), a 'stable preclinical VE' subgroup (51.7% and 68.1%) and a 'chronic VE state' subgroup (31.5% and 6.7%). The subgroups had similar levels of the markers investigated. This study is the first to analyse VE longitudinally in healthy adults and indicates that although distinct trajectories of VE were identified, differential consequences for cardiovascular disease risk were unapparent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trynke Hoekstra
- VU University, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Department of Health Sciences and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, De Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; VU University Medical Center, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, De Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Lu B, Rho YH, Cui J, Iannaccone CK, Frits ML, Karlson EW, Shadick NA. Associations of smoking and alcohol consumption with disease activity and functional status in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2013; 41:24-30. [PMID: 24293566 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.130074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations of smoking and alcohol consumption with disease activity and functional status in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS We conducted a prospective study consisting of 662 patients with RA who were followed up to 7 years from the Brigham and Women's Hospital Rheumatoid Arthritis Sequential Study. Smoking and alcohol consumption were assessed through yearly questionnaires. The disease activity and functional status were measured annually by the Disease Activity Score examined in 28 commonly affected joints using C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP3) and the Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire (MHAQ). Linear mixed models were developed to assess the longitudinal effects of smoking and alcohol consumption on DAS28-CRP3 and MHAQ after adjustment for potential confounders. The HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (HLA-SE) by smoking and alcohol interactions were also evaluated in the analysis. RESULTS The median followup time of the cohort was 4 years. Current smoking was not associated with DAS28-CRP3 in our study, but was associated with a higher MHAQ than nonsmokers with seropositive RA (p = 0.05). Alcohol consumption showed an approximate J-shaped relationship with MHAQ, with the minima occurring at 5.1-10.0 g/day. Compared to no alcohol use, alcohol consumption of 5.1-10.0 g/day was associated with a significant decrease of MHAQ (p = 0.02). When stratified by HLA-SE, the effect of alcohol consumption appeared to be stronger in HLA-SE-positive RA than HLA-SE-negative RA. CONCLUSION We found that current smoking was associated with a worse functional status, while moderate alcohol consumption was associated with a better functional status in RA. Replications of these findings in other prospective studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Lu
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Division of Rheumatology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Ethanol inhibits activation of NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes in human macrophages--a novel anti-inflammatory action of alcohol. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78537. [PMID: 24244322 PMCID: PMC3823849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In the pathogenesis of coronary atherosclerosis, local macrophage-driven inflammation and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in particular, are recognized as key factors. Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a reduced risk of coronary artery disease mortality. Here we examined in cultured human macrophages whether ethanol modulates the intracellular processes involved in the secretion of IL-1β. Results Ethanol decreased dose-dependently the production of mature IL-1β induced by activators of the NLRP3 inflammasome, i.e. ATP, cholesterol crystals, serum amyloid A and nigericin. Ethanol had no significant effect on the expression of NLRP3 or IL1B mRNA in LPS-primed macrophages. Moreover, secretion of IL-1β was decreased in parallel with reduction of caspase-1 activation, demonstrating that ethanol inhibits inflammasome activation instead of synthesis of pro-IL-1β. Acetaldehyde, a highly reactive metabolite of ethanol, had no effect on the ATP-induced IL-1β secretion. Ethanol also attenuated the secretion of IL-1β triggered by synthetic double-stranded DNA, an activator of the AIM2 inflammasome. Ethanol conferred the inhibitory functions by attenuating the disruption of lysosomal integrity and ensuing leakage of the lysosomal protease cathepsin B and by reducing oligomerization of ASC. Conclusion Ethanol-induced inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages may represent a biological pathway underlying the protective effect of moderate alcohol consumption on coronary heart disease.
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Shi L, Shu XO, Li H, Cai H, Liu Q, Zheng W, Xiang YB, Villegas R. Physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption in association with incidence of type 2 diabetes among middle-aged and elderly Chinese men. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77919. [PMID: 24223743 PMCID: PMC3817165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent chronic disease worldwide. The prevalence of T2DM is increasing rapidly in China. Understanding the contribution of modifiable lifestyle factors on T2DM risk is imperative to prevent the development of T2DM in China. METHODS We examined associations between lifestyle factors including physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption with incidence of T2DM among middle-aged and elderly men in urban Shanghai. Information on socio-demographics, lifestyle habits, dietary habits, and disease history was collected via in-person interviews. Anthropometric measurements were taken. A total of 51 464 Chinese men aged 40-74 years free of T2DM, coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke at baseline were included in the current study. Incident T2DM was identified through follow-up surveys conducted every 2-3 years. Cox proportional hazard analyses were conducted to evaluate associations between lifestyle risk factors and incidence of T2DM. RESULTS We documented 1304 new cases of T2DM during 276 929 person-years of follow-up (average: 5.4 years). Physical activity was inversely associated with T2DM risk. Daily living, commuting, and total physical activity METs had inverse negative dose-response relationships with T2DM (P-trend = 0.0033, 0.0022, and <0.0001, respectively). Regular participation in exercise or sports reduced T2DM risk (HR = 0.86, 95%CI: 0.76-0.98). Moderate alcohol intake (1-3 drinks/day) was inversely related to T2DM risk (HR = 0.80, 95%CI: 0.67-0.94). Cigarette smoking, on the other hand, was associated with increased T2DM risk; HRs were 1.25 (95%CI: 1.00-1.56) for smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day and 1.28 (95%CI: 1.04-1.57) for smoking more than 40 pack-years. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity and moderate alcohol intake are inversely associated with T2DM risk, whereas smoking was positively associated with T2DM risk among middle-age and elderly Chinese men. Preventive measures should be developed to focus on these modifiable lifestyle habits to reduce the upward trend of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology and Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Diabetes Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology and Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Honglan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Cai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology and Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Qiaolan Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology and Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Huaxi School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology and Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Raquel Villegas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism and Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Tennessee, United States of America
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A population-based dietary inflammatory index predicts levels of C-reactive protein in the Seasonal Variation of Blood Cholesterol Study (SEASONS). Public Health Nutr 2013; 17:1825-33. [PMID: 24107546 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980013002565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 498] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform construct validation of the population-based Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) using dietary data from two different dietary assessments and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) as the construct validator. DESIGN Using data derived from (i) three 24 h dietary recalls (24HR) at baseline and at the end of each subsequent quarter (i.e. up to fifteen over a year) and (ii) a 7 d dietary recall (7DDR) measured at baseline and then quarterly, regression analyses were conducted to test the effect of the DII score on serum hs-CRP as dichotomous (≤3 mg/l, >3 mg/l), while controlling for important potential confounders. SETTING Existing data from the Seasonal Variation of Blood Cholesterol Study (SEASONS), a longitudinal observational study of healthy participants recruited in Worcester, MA, USA and participants were followed for 1 year. SUBJECTS Participants who had at least one hs-CRP measurement over her/his 1-year participation (n 495 for 24HR, n 559 for 7DDR). RESULTS Higher DII scores were associated with values of hs-CRP >3 mg/l (OR = 1·08; 95 % CI 1·01, 1·16, P = 0·035 for the 24HR; and OR = 1·10; 95 % CI 1·02, 1·19, P = 0·015 for the 7DDR). CONCLUSIONS The population-based DII was associated with interval changes in hs-CRP using both the 24HR and 7DDR. The success of this first-of-a-kind attempt at relating individuals' intakes of inflammation-modulating foods using this refined DII, and the finding that there is virtually no drop-off in predictive capability using a structured questionnaire in comparison to the 24HR standard, sets the stage for use of the DII in a wide variety of other epidemiological and clinical studies.
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