101
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van der Kooi AJ, Ledderhof TM, de Voogt WG, Res CJ, Bouwsma G, Troost D, Busch HF, Becker AE, de Visser M. A newly recognized autosomal dominant limb girdle muscular dystrophy with cardiac involvement. Ann Neurol 1996; 39:636-42. [PMID: 8619549 DOI: 10.1002/ana.410390513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Sixty-five members of three families with limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) underwent neurological, cardiological, and ancillary investigations. Thirty-five individuals were diagnosed as having slowly progressive autosomal dominant LGMD. Symmetrical weakness started in the proximal lower limb muscles, and gradually upper limb muscles also became affected. Early contractures of the spine were absent. Contractures of elbows and Achilles tendons were either minimal or late. Serum creatine kinase activity was normal to moderately elevated. Electromyogram and muscle biopsy were consistent with a mild muscular dystrophy. Cardiological abnormalities, found in more than one-half the patients, included dysrhythmias and atrioventricular (AV) conduction disturbances presenting as bradycardia, syncopal attacks necessitating pacemaker implantation, and sudden cardiac death. There was a significant relation between the severity of AV conduction disturbances and age. In nearly all patients, neuromuscular symptomatology preceded cardiological involvement. The early recognition of this previously not described, autosomal dominant LGMD with life-threatening cardiac involvement offers an opportunity for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J van der Kooi
- Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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102
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Neuromuscular disorders: gene location. Neuromuscul Disord 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8966(96)90026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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103
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Mastaglia
- Australian Neuromuscular Research Institute, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Perth, Western Australia
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104
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Jung D, Leturcq F, Sunada Y, Duclos F, Tomé FM, Moomaw C, Merlini L, Azibi K, Chaouch M, Slaughter C, Fardeau M, Kaplan JC, Campbell KP. Absence of gamma-sarcoglycan (35 DAG) in autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy linked to chromosome 13q12. FEBS Lett 1996; 381:15-20. [PMID: 8641426 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(96)00056-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We have partially sequenced rabbit skeletal muscle gamma-sarcoglycan, an integral component of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex. Specific antibodies were produced against a gamma-sarcoglycan peptide and used to examine the expression of gamma-sarcoglycan in skeletal muscle of patients with severe childhood autosomal muscular dystrophy linked to chromosome 13q12 (SCARMD). We show by immunofluorescence and Western blotting that in skeletal muscle from these patients gamma-sarcoglycan is completely absent and alpha- and beta-sarcoglycan are greatly reduced in abundance, whereas other components of the DGC are preserved. In addition, we show that in normal muscle alpha-, beta-, and gamma-sarcoglycan constitute a tightly associated sarcolemma complex which cannot be disrupted by SDS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jung
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242, USA
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105
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Fadic R, Sunada Y, Waclawik AJ, Buck S, Lewandoski PJ, Campbell KP, Lotz BP. Brief report: deficiency of a dystrophin-associated glycoprotein (adhalin) in a patient with muscular dystrophy and cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med 1996; 334:362-6. [PMID: 8538707 DOI: 10.1056/nejm199602083340604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Fadic
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
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106
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Morandi L, Barresi R, Di Blasi C, Jung D, Sunada Y, Confalonieri V, Dworzak F, Mantegazza R, Antozzi C, Jarre L, Pini A, Gobbi G, Bianchi C, Cornelio F, Campbell KP, Mora M. Clinical heterogeneity of adhalin deficiency. Ann Neurol 1996; 39:196-202. [PMID: 8967751 DOI: 10.1002/ana.410390209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We report adhalin deficiency in 8 patients with clinically diagnosed muscular dystrophy, dystrophic histopathological features, high plasma creatine kinase levels, normal expression of dystrophin, and marked variability of symptoms. Although the distribution of hyposthenia was similar in all 8 patients and predominantly involved muscles in the pelvic girdle, age at onset and rate of disease progression were highly variable: In 2 patients onset, at ages 24 and 25, was later than has been previously observed. We found no apparent relation between disease severity and the quantity of adhalin expressed. Two kinds of myopathy with adhalin deficiency have been reported: one caused by a mutation in the adhalin gene on chromosome 17 (primary adhalinopathy) and the other linked to chromosome 13. The product of the gene on chromosome 13 is probably associated with adhalin and its deficiency results in secondary adhalinopathy. The severity of clinical phenotypes in these adhalinopathies seems to relate more to the kind and site of the mutations than to the residual amount of the protein. We also detected a variable reduction in the laminin beta 1 subunit by immunohistochemistry in most patients, confirming that this is commonly associated with adhalin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Morandi
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Istituto Nazionale Neurologico C. Besta, Milano, Italy
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107
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Mora M, Di Blasi C, Barresi R, Morandi L, Brambati B, Jarre L, Cornelio F. Developmental expression of dystrophin, dystrophin-associated glycoproteins and other membrane cytoskeletal proteins in human skeletal and heart muscle. BRAIN RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH 1996; 91:70-82. [PMID: 8821479 DOI: 10.1016/0165-3806(95)00169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Dystrophin, utrophin and the dystrophin-associated glycoproteins, beta-dystroglycan and adhalin, were analyzed, together with the membrane cytoskeletal proteins beta-spectrin, vinculin and talin, and adult and fetal myosin heavy chains, in 25 normal human fetuses from 8 to 24 weeks of gestation. Dystrophin was present in heart and skeletal muscle from 8 weeks although in the latter was mainly in the cytoplasm at this stage. Utrophin expression increased until around gestational weeks 19/21, but by 24 weeks immunostaining and immunoblot band intensities had reduced. Beta-dystroglycan was scarce in skeletal muscle at 8 weeks, increased with maturation and was more abundant in heart of the same age. Adhalin appeared later than beta-dystroglycan on skeletal muscle fiber surfaces, positivity became more intense as the fibers matured. In heart adhalin was detectable only in groups of cells at 12-16 weeks. From 8 weeks all fetal myotubes expressed beta-spectrin on their surfaces, while vinculin and talin positivity was mainly at the periphery of the fascicles, increasing with age. Adult slow myosin was seen in most myotubes at 10 weeks. Secondary myotubes then formed which increasingly expressed adult fast myosin, while still retaining fetal myosin. By 24 weeks most fibers expressing adult slow myosin had lost fetal myosin and were more mature in the expression of most membrane proteins. Muscle membrane organization during human fetal development is a complex process and takes place earlier in heart than skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mora
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Istituto Nazionale Neurologico 'C, Besta', Milano, Italy
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108
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Lidov
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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109
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Hoffman EP. Clinical and histopathological features of abnormalities of the dystrophin-based membrane cytoskeleton. Brain Pathol 1996; 6:49-61. [PMID: 8866747 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.1996.tb00782.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority (approximately 70%) of cases of childhood and adult onset muscular dystrophies in males, and approximately 10% of dystrophy in girls and women, show underlying primary abnormalities of dystrophin. Approximately 2% of childhood/adult onset muscular dystrophy patients have a primary defect of one of the three sarcoglycan proteins identified to date (alpha, beta, gamma). The finding of a sarcoglycan deficiency in muscle generally does not reflect the primary underlying defect, and thus testing of biopsies for sarcoglycans should be used only after normal dystrophin findings, and in conjunction with gene mutation testing. Approximately 30% of neonatal onset congenital muscular dystrophy has been shown to be due alpha 2-laminin (merosin) deficiency. alpha 2-laminin is a component of the myofiber basal lamina, and this protein interacts with the dystrophin-based membrane cytoskeleton. Due to the similar clinical and histopathological features of the different etiologies of muscular dystrophies, molecular testing of peripheral blood DNA and muscle biopsy protein are a critical part of the clinical work-up of dystrophy patients. Many patients carrying a Becker dystrophy or limb-girdle dystrophy diagnosis should be re-evaluated with molecular tests to provide accurate genetic counseling to their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Hoffman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15261, USA
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110
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111
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Kaplan JC, Jeanpierre M, Urtizberea JA, Beckmann JS. Bases moléculaires des dystrophies musculaires progressives à transmission autosomique récessive. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-4204(97)83520-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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112
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Noguchi S, McNally EM, Ben Othmane K, Hagiwara Y, Mizuno Y, Yoshida M, Yamamoto H, Bönnemann CG, Gussoni E, Denton PH, Kyriakides T, Middleton L, Hentati F, Ben Hamida M, Nonaka I, Vance JM, Kunkel LM, Ozawa E. Mutations in the dystrophin-associated protein gamma-sarcoglycan in chromosome 13 muscular dystrophy. Science 1995; 270:819-22. [PMID: 7481775 DOI: 10.1126/science.270.5237.819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Severe childhood autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy (SCARMD) is a progressive muscle-wasting disorder common in North Africa that segregates with microsatellite markers at chromosome 13q12. Here, it is shown that a mutation in the gene encoding the 35-kilodalton dystrophin-associated glycoprotein, gamma-sarcoglycan, is likely to be the primary genetic defect in this disorder. The human gamma-sarcoglycan gene was mapped to chromosome 13q12, and deletions that alter its reading frame were identified in three families and one of four sporadic cases of SCARMD. These mutations not only affect gamma-sarcoglycan but also disrupt the integrity of the entire sarcoglycan complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Noguchi
- National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center for Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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113
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Affiliation(s)
- R Worton
- Department of Genetics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
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114
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Lim LE, Duclos F, Broux O, Bourg N, Sunada Y, Allamand V, Meyer J, Richard I, Moomaw C, Slaughter C. Beta-sarcoglycan: characterization and role in limb-girdle muscular dystrophy linked to 4q12. Nat Genet 1995; 11:257-65. [PMID: 7581448 DOI: 10.1038/ng1195-257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
beta-Sarcoglycan, a 43 kDa dystrophin-associated glycoprotein, is an integral component of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex. We have cloned human beta-sarcoglycan cDNA and mapped the beta-sarcoglycan gene to chromosome 4q12. Pericentromeric markers and an intragenic polymorphic CA repeat cosegregated perfectly with autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy in several Amish families. A Thr-to-Arg missense mutation was identified within the beta-sarcoglycan gene that leads to a dramatically reduced expression of beta-sarcoglycan in the sarcolemma and a concomitant loss of adhalin and 35 DAG, which may represent a disruption of a functional subcomplex within the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex. Thus, the beta-sarcoglycan gene is the fifth locus identified (LGMD2E) that is involved in autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Lim
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242, USA
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115
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Bönnemann CG, Modi R, Noguchi S, Mizuno Y, Yoshida M, Gussoni E, McNally EM, Duggan DJ, Angelini C, Hoffman EP. Beta-sarcoglycan (A3b) mutations cause autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy with loss of the sarcoglycan complex. Nat Genet 1995; 11:266-73. [PMID: 7581449 DOI: 10.1038/ng1195-266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The dystrophin associated proteins (DAPs) are good candidates for harboring primary mutations in the genetically heterogeneous autosomal recessive muscular dystrophies (ARMD). The transmembrane components of the DAPs can be separated into the dystroglycan and the sarcoglycan complexes. Here we report the isolation of cDNAs encoding the 43 kD sarcoglycan protein beta-sarcoglycan (A3b) and the localization of the human gene to chromosome 4q12. We describe a young girl with ARMD with truncating mutations on both alleles. Immunostaining of her muscle biopsy shows specific loss of the components of the sarcoglycan complex (beta-sarcoglycan, alpha-sarcoglycan (adhalin), and 35 kD sarcoglycan). Thus secondary destabilization of the sarcoglycan complex may be an important pathophysiological event in ARMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Bönnemann
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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116
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Mills KA, Sunada Y, Campbell KP, Mathews KD. A syntrophin gene maps to mouse chromosome 8 and is not the myodystrophy gene. Mamm Genome 1995; 6:664-5. [PMID: 8535078 DOI: 10.1007/bf00352377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K A Mills
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City 52242, USA
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117
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Campbell KP. Adhalin gene mutations and autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. Ann Neurol 1995; 38:353-4. [PMID: 7668818 DOI: 10.1002/ana.410380302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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