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Wei W, Zhang Y, Song Q, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Liu X, Wu Z, Xu X, Xu Y, Yan Y, Zhao C, Yang J. Transmissible ER stress between macrophages and tumor cells configures tumor microenvironment. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:403. [PMID: 35799071 PMCID: PMC11073001 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04413-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress initiates the unfolded protein response (UPR) and is decisive for tumor cell growth and tumor microenvironment (TME) maintenance. Tumor cells persistently undergo ER stress and could transmit it to the neighboring macrophages and surroundings. Tumor infiltrating macrophages can also adapt to the microenvironment variations to fulfill their highly energy-demanding and biological functions via ER stress. However, whether the different macrophage populations differentially sense ER stress and transmit ER stress to surrounding tumor cells has not yet been elucidated. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of transmissible ER stress, a novel regulator of intercellular communication in the TME. Murine bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) can be polarized toward distinct functional endpoints termed classical (M1) and alternative (M2) activation, and their polarization status has been shown to be tightly correlated with their functional significance. We showed that tumor cells could receive the transmissible ER stress from two differentially polarized macrophage populations with different extent of ER stress activation. The proinflammatory M1-like macrophages respond to ER stress with less extent, however they could transmit more ER stress to tumor cells. Moreover, by analyzing the secreted components of two ER-stressed macrophage populations, we identified certain damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), including S100A8 and S100A9, which are dominantly secreted by M1-like macrophages could lead to significant recipient tumor cells death in synergy with transferred ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Screening, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- Innovation Center for Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China
| | - Yazhuo Zhang
- Innovation Center for Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Qiaoling Song
- Innovation Center for Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Qianyue Zhang
- Innovation Center for Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- Innovation Center for Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China
| | - Xinning Liu
- Innovation Center for Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Zhihua Wu
- Innovation Center for Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohan Xu
- Innovation Center for Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Yuting Xu
- Innovation Center for Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Innovation Center for Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- Innovation Center for Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.
| | - Jinbo Yang
- Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Screening, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
- Innovation Center for Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.
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Liu P, Wang X, Sun Y, Zhao H, Cheng F, Wang J, Yang F, Hu J, Zhang H, Wang CC, Wang L. SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 reshapes the ER through forming mixed disulfides with ER oxidoreductases. Redox Biol 2022; 54:102388. [PMID: 35792438 PMCID: PMC9239706 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The replication machinery of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is closely associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in host cells. Activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) is a strategy hijacked by coronavirus to facilitate its replication and suppress host innate immunity. Here, we have found that SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 protein accumulates in the ER and escapes the degradation system by forming mixed disulfide complexes with ER oxidoreductases. ORF8 induces the activation of three UPR pathways through targeting key UPR components, remodels ER morphology and accelerates protein trafficking. Moreover, small molecule reducing agents release ORF8 from the mixed disulfide complexes and facilitate its degradation, therefore mitigate ER stress. Our study reveals a unique mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 escapes degradation by host cells and regulates ER reshaping. Targeting ORF8-involved mixed disulfide complexes could be a new strategy to alleviate SARS-CoV-2 induced ER stress and related diseases. SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 protein accumulates in the ER through forming mixed disulfide complexes. Two key protein disulfide isomerases, PDI and ERp44, are main targets of ORF8. ORF8 induces ER stress, remodels the ER and accelerates protein trafficking. Small molecule reducing agents facilitates the degradation of ORF8 and mitigates ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xi Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Yiwei Sun
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Fang Cheng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jifeng Wang
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Fuquan Yang
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Junjie Hu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chih-Chen Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lei Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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103
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Rao Z, Zheng Y, Xu L, Wang Z, Zhou Y, Chen M, Dong N, Cai Z, Li F. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Pathogenesis of Vascular Calcification. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:918056. [PMID: 35783850 PMCID: PMC9243238 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.918056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is characterized by calcium phosphate deposition in blood vessel walls and is associated with many diseases, as well as increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying of VC development and pathogenesis are not fully understood, thus impeding the design of molecular-targeted therapy for VC. Recently, several studies have shown that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress can exacerbate VC. The ER is an intracellular membranous organelle involved in the synthesis, folding, maturation, and post-translational modification of secretory and transmembrane proteins. ER stress (ERS) occurs when unfolded/misfolded proteins accumulate after a disturbance in the ER environment. Therefore, downregulation of pathological ERS may attenuate VC. This review summarizes the relationship between ERS and VC, focusing on how ERS regulates the development of VC by promoting osteogenic transformation, inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis, with particular interest in the molecular mechanisms occurring in various vascular cells. We also discuss, the therapeutic effects of ERS inhibition on the progress of diseases associated with VC are detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqi Rao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yidan Zheng
- Basic Medical School, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nianguo Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhejun Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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104
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Yao X, Wu Y, Xiao T, Zhao C, Gao F, Liu S, Tao Z, Jiang Y, Chen S, Ye J, Chen H, Long Q, Wang H, Zhou X, Shao Q, Qi L, Xia S. T-cell-specific Sel1L deletion exacerbates EAE by promoting Th1/Th17-cell differentiation. Mol Immunol 2022; 149:13-26. [PMID: 35696849 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) are demyelinating neuroinflammatory diseases identified by the accumulation and aggregation of misfolded proteins in the brain. The Sel1L-Hrd1 complex comprising endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD) is an ER-protein quality control system (ERQC) in the cell. Unfortunately, the contribution of ERAD to the development of these diseases has not been well explored. In this study, we used mice with a conditional deletion (KO) of Sel1L in T cells to dissect the role of ERAD on T cells and its contribution to the development of EAE. The results showed that Sel1L KO mice developed more severe EAE than the control wild type (WT) mice. Although, no obvious effects on peripheral T cells in steady state, more CD44-CD25+ double-negative stage 3 (DN3) cells were detected in the thymus. Moreover, Sel1L deficiency promoted the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells and upregulated the proliferation and apoptosis of CD4 T cells in vitro. Regarding the mechanism analyzed by RNA sequencing, 437 downregulated genes and 271 upregulated genes were detected in Sel1L deletion CD4 T cells, which covered the activation, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of these T cells. Thus, this study declared that the dysfunction of Sel1L in ERAD in T cells exacerbated the severity of EAE and indicated the important role of ERQC in maintaining immune homeostasis in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Linyi Center Hospital, Linyi, Shangdong 276400, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China; Department of Clinic Laboratory, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Tengfei Xiao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224000, China
| | - Chuanxiang Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China; Institute of Medical Genetics and Reproductive Immunity, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an 223002, China
| | - Fengwei Gao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Zehua Tao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Yalan Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Shaodan Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Jun Ye
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China; The Center for Translational Medicine, Taizhou People's Hospital, Jiangsu Province 225300, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affifiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, China
| | - Qiaoming Long
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cam-Su Mouse Genomic Resources Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215000, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Qixiang Shao
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Reproductive Immunity, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an 223002, China
| | - Ling Qi
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Sheng Xia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
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105
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Liu P, Lin C, Liu Z, Zhu C, Lin Z, Xu D, Chen J, Huang Q, Li CY, Hou L, Pan JA, Liu X. Inhibition of ALG3 stimulates cancer cell immunogenic ferroptosis to potentiate immunotherapy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:352. [PMID: 35676564 PMCID: PMC11072400 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04365-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade therapy has drastically improved the prognosis of certain advanced-stage cancers. However, low response rates and immune-related adverse events remain important limitations. Here, we report that inhibiting ALG3, an a-1,3-mannosyltransferase involved in protein glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), can boost the response of tumors to immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Deleting N-linked glycosylation gene ALG3 in mouse cancer cells substantially attenuates their growth in mice in a manner depending on cytotoxic T cells. Furthermore, ALG3 inhibition or N-linked glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin treatment synergizes with anti-PD1 therapy in suppressing tumor growth in mouse models of cancer. Mechanistically, we found that inhibiting ALG3 induced deficiencies of post-translational N-linked glycosylation modification and led to excessive lipid accumulation through sterol-regulated element-binding protein (SREBP1)-dependent lipogenesis in cancer cells. N-linked glycosylation deficiency-mediated lipid hyperperoxidation induced immunogenic ferroptosis of cancer cells and promoted a pro-inflammatory microenvironment, which boosted anti-tumor immune responses. In human subjects with cancer, elevated levels of ALG3 expression in tumor tissues are associated with poor patient survival. Taken together, we reveal an unappreciated role of ALG3 in regulating tumor immunogenicity and propose a potential therapeutic strategy for enhancing cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Liu
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Rd, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Cha Lin
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Rd, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Zheyu Liu
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Rd, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Chenchen Zhu
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Rd, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongda Lin
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Rd, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Xu
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Rd, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Chen
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Rd, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory of Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan-Yuan Li
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Linlin Hou
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Rd, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Ji-An Pan
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Rd, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinjian Liu
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Rd, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
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106
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Shen QY, Wang D, Xu HY, Wei CS, Xiao XY, Liu J, Shen YJ, Fang L, Feng LJ, Shen YX. Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor attenuates acute lung injury via inhibiting macrophages' activation. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112943. [PMID: 35405395 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is an urgent respiratory disease without effective treatment. Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF)has been demonstrated to play a suppressive role in some inflammatory conditions. However, the effect of MANF on ALI has not yet been reported. In this study, we collected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from the patients with or without pulmonary inflammation, and used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce mice ALI model. Mono-macrophage-specific MANF knockout (MKO) mice were constructed and recombinant human MANF protein was used to ALI mice. We found that the endogenous MANF protein in both human BALF and mice lung tissues was increased in inflammatory conditions. MANF level in the macrophages of inflammatory lung was higher than that in normal controls in both human and mice. MANF deficiency in macrophages induced lung inflammation and aggravated LPS-induced lung injury. MANF lowered LPS-induced lung injury, inhibited macrophage polarization to M1 functional type. Meanwhile, MANF inhibited-LPS induced activation of NF-κB signal pathway by down regulating phosphorylated p65in lung tissue and macrophages. These results indicate that MANF acts as a suppressor in ALI via negatively regulating NF-κB activation and macrophages polarization, which may be a novel potential target and shed light on ALI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Ying Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Department of Anesthesiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Han-Yang Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032,China
| | - Chuan-Sheng Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032,China
| | - Xue-Ying Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Jun Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032,China
| | - Yu-Jun Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032,China
| | - Lei Fang
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Li-Jie Feng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032,China
| | - Yu-Xian Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032,China.
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107
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Russell ND, Chow CY. The dynamic effect of genetic variation on the in vivo ER stress transcriptional response in different tissues. G3 GENES|GENOMES|GENETICS 2022; 12:6575908. [PMID: 35485945 PMCID: PMC9157157 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The genetic regulation of gene expression varies greatly across tissue-type and individuals and can be strongly influenced by the environment. Many variants, under healthy control conditions, may be silent or even have the opposite effect under diseased stress conditions. This study uses an in vivo mouse model to investigate how the effect of genetic variation changes with cellular stress across different tissues. Endoplasmic reticulum stress occurs when misfolded proteins accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum. This triggers the unfolded protein response, a large transcriptional response which attempts to restore homeostasis. This transcriptional response, despite being a conserved, basic cellular process, is highly variable across different genetic backgrounds, making it an ideal system to study the dynamic effects of genetic variation. In this study, we sought to better understand how genetic variation alters expression across tissues, in the presence and absence of endoplasmic reticulum stress. The use of different mouse strains and their F1s allow us to also identify context-specific cis- and trans- regulatory variation underlying variable transcriptional responses. We found hundreds of genes that respond to endoplasmic reticulum stress in a tissue- and/or genotype-dependent manner. The majority of the regulatory effects we identified were acting in cis-, which in turn, contribute to the variable endoplasmic reticulum stress- and tissue-specific transcriptional response. This study demonstrates the need for incorporating environmental stressors across multiple different tissues in future studies to better elucidate the effect of any particular genetic factor in basic biological pathways, like the endoplasmic reticulum stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki D Russell
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Clement Y Chow
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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108
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Shao S, Zhuang X, Zhang L, Qiao T. Antidepressants Fluoxetine Mediates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Through the ATF4-AKT-mTOR Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:904701. [PMID: 35620287 PMCID: PMC9127500 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.904701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoxetine, one of the latest clinical antidepressants, is reported to have the anti-proliferative effect on cancer cells via immune-related pathways. However, the mechanism is still not known. This study mainly focused on the discovery of the molecular basis of the inhibitory effect of fluoxetine in lung cancer. The specific anti-proliferation effect and autophagy induced by fluoxetine on lung cancer cell were shown in CCK8 and immunofluorescence. The RNA sequence hinted that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related protein and mTOR pathway were enriched after fluoxetine treatment. Western blot results revealed that the ER stress pathway was activated by fluoxetine, including PERK, ATF4, and CHOP, while the AKT/mTOR pathway was inhibited. In addition, the transfection of ATF4 siRNA further discovered that ER stress participated in the inhibition of AKT/mTOR pathway and the induction of anti-proliferation and autophagy in the fluoxetine-treated cells. More importantly, fluoxetine was demonstrated to play cytotoxic activity in cancer cells without affecting normal cells. Our results showed that fluoxetine triggered the ATF4-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway to induce cell cycle arrest and autophagy restraining cancer cells’ growth in lung cancer. This study found fluoxetine unaffected the proliferation of normal lung epithelial cells, providing safe clinical therapeutic strategies for lung cancer patients with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shali Shao
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xibing Zhuang
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiankui Qiao
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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109
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Tang X, Dong H, Fang Z, Li J, Yang Q, Yao T, Pan Z. Ubiquitin-like modifier 1 ligating enzyme 1 relieves cisplatin-induced premature ovarian failure by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress in granulosa cells. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:84. [PMID: 35610622 PMCID: PMC9128268 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-00956-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ubiquitin-like modifier 1 ligating enzyme 1 (UFL1), the ligase of the UFMylation system, has recently been reported to be involved in apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) in a variety of diseases. Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a gynecological disease that severely reduces the fertility of women, especially in female cancer patients receiving chemotherapy drugs. Whether UFL1 is involved in protection against chemotherapy-induced POF and its mechanism remain unclear. METHODS In this study, we examined the function of UFL1 in ovarian dysfunction and granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis induced by cisplatin through histological examination and cell viability analysis. We used western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and immunofluorescence (IF) to detect the expression of UFL1 and the levels of ER stress specific markers. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays were used to detect the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estrogen (E2) in ovaries and GCs. In addition, we used infection with lentiviral particle suspensions to knock down and overexpress UFL1 in ovaries and GCs, respectively. RESULTS Our data showed that the expression of UFL1 was reduced in POF model ovaries, accompanied by ER stress. In vitro, cisplatin induced a stress-related increase in UFL1 expression in GCs and enhanced ER stress, which was aggravated by UFL1 knockdown and alleviated by UFL1 overexpression. Furthermore, UFL1 knockdown resulted in a decrease in ovarian follicle number, an increase in atretic follicles, and decreased expression of AMH and FSHR. Conversely, the overexpression of UFL1 reduced cisplatin-induced damage to the ovary in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our research indicated that UFL1 regulates cisplatin-induced ER stress and apoptosis in GCs, and participates in protection against cisplatin-induced POF, providing a potential therapeutic target for the clinical prevention of chemotherapeutic drug-induced POF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangting Tang
- Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Hao Dong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Zhi Fang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Ting Yao
- Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Zezheng Pan
- Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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110
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Sobel RA, Albertelli M, Hinojoza JR, Eaton MJ, Grimes KV, Rubenstein E. Azetidine-2-Carboxylic Acid-Induced Oligodendrogliopathy: Relevance to the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2022; 81:414-433. [PMID: 35521963 PMCID: PMC9123080 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlac028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The naturally occurring imino acid azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (Aze) is consumed by humans and can be misincorporated in place of proline in myelin basic protein (MBP) in vitro. To determine Aze effects on the mammalian CNS in vivo, adult CD1 mice were given Aze orally or intraperitoneally. Clinical signs reminiscent of MBP-mutant mice occurred with 600 mg/kg Aze exposure. Aze induced oligodendrocyte (OL) nucleomegaly and nucleoplasm clearing, dilated endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasmic vacuolation, abnormal mitochondria, and Aze dose-dependent apoptosis. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated myelin blistering and nuclear translocation of unfolded protein response (UPR)/proinflammatory molecules (ATF3, ATF4, ATF6, eIF2α, GADD153, NFκB, PERK, XBP1), MHC I expression, and MBP cytoplasmic aggregation in OL. There were scattered microglial nodules in CNS white matter (WM); other CNS cells appeared unaffected. Mice given Aze in utero and postnatally showed more marked effects than their dams. These OL, myelin, and microglial alterations are found in normal-appearing WM (NAWM) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Thus, Aze induces a distinct oligodendrogliopathy in mice that recapitulates MS NAWM pathology without leukocyte infiltration. Because myelin proteins are relatively stable throughout life, we hypothesize that Aze misincorporation in myelin proteins during myelinogenesis in humans results in a progressive UPR that may be a primary process in MS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond A Sobel
- From the Laboratory Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Megan Albertelli
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Julian R Hinojoza
- From the Laboratory Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Mary Jane Eaton
- From the Laboratory Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kevin V Grimes
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Edward Rubenstein
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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111
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Cui X, Zhang Y, Lu Y, Xiang M. ROS and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Pulmonary Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:879204. [PMID: 35559240 PMCID: PMC9086276 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.879204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary diseases are main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current studies show that though specific pulmonary diseases and correlative lung-metabolic deviance own unique pathophysiology and clinical manifestations, they always tend to exhibit common characteristics including reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling and disruptions of proteostasis bringing about accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). ER is generated by the unfolded protein response. When the adaptive unfolded protein response (UPR) fails to preserve ER homeostasis, a maladaptive or terminal UPR is engaged, leading to the disruption of ER integrity and to apoptosis, which is called ER stress. The ER stress mainly includes the accumulation of misfolded and unfolded proteins in lumen and the disorder of Ca2+ balance. ROS mediates several critical aspects of the ER stress response. We summarize the latest advances in of the UPR and ER stress in the pathogenesis of pulmonary disease and discuss potential therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring ER proteostasis in pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yingdong Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mi Xiang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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112
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Zhong J, Lu S, Jia X, Li Q, Liu L, Xie P, Wang G, Lu M, Gao W, Zhao T, Wang Q, Su W, Li N. Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in apoptosis induced by HK2 inhibitor and its potential as a new drug combination strategy. Cell Stress Chaperones 2022; 27:273-283. [PMID: 35355227 PMCID: PMC9106785 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-022-01267-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Compared with normal cells, tumor cells mainly obtain energy through aerobic glycolysis. Hexokinase 2 (HK2) plays a key role in the regulation of tumor cell aerobic glycolysis, and targeting HK2 has become a new strategy for cancer treatment. However, little is known about the role of HK2 in colon cancer and the regulation of its targeted inhibitors. In this study, we found that the expression of HK2 in colorectal cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues, and the expression level of HK2 in metastatic colorectal cancer was further increased. Meanwhile, the expression level of HK2 was closely related to clinical TNM stage and outcome of colorectal cancer patients. We provide here evidence that HK2 inhibitor 3-Bromopyruvate acid (3-BP) can significantly inhibit the survival and proliferation of colon cancer cells, and induce apoptosis through mitochondrial apoptosis signaling pathway. In addition, we found that 3-BP can also induce endoplasmic reticulum stress in colon cancer cells, the mechanism may be through the increase of intracellular calcium concentration. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress could further increase the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induced by 3-BP. Collectively, our results show that HK2 is highly expressed in colorectal cancer. 3-BP, an inhibitor of HK2, can induce apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress in colon cancer cells. Endoplasmic reticulum stress plays a protective role in cell death induced by 3-BP. This result suggested that targeting HK2 and endoplasmic reticulum stress may be a valuable strategy in targeted and combination therapy of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiateng Zhong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
- Department of Gynecology, The Fourth Clinical College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
| | - Shuya Lu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoling Jia
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Pei Xie
- Department of Gynecology, The Fourth Clinical College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Nursing School, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Manman Lu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Wuji Gao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Tiesuo Zhao
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Vaccine and Immunotherapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Qianqing Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The Fourth Clinical College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Wei Su
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
| | - Na Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
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113
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Yin X, Wu Q, Hao Z, Chen L. Identification of novel prognostic targets in glioblastoma using bioinformatics analysis. Biomed Eng Online 2022; 21:26. [PMID: 35436915 PMCID: PMC9014588 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-022-00995-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant grade of glioma. Highly aggressive characteristics of GBM and poor prognosis cause GBM-related deaths. The potential prognostic biomarkers remain to be demonstrated. This research builds up predictive gene targets of expression alterations in GBM utilizing bioinformatics analysis. Methods and results The microarray datasets (GSE15824 and GSE16011) associated with GBM were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between GBM and non-tumor tissues. In total, 719 DEGs were obtained and subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) for function enrichment analysis. Furthermore, we constructed protein–protein Interaction (PPI) network among DEGs utilizing Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) online tool and Cytoscape software. The DEGs of degree > 10 was selected as hub genes, including 73 upregulated genes and 21 downregulated genes. Moreover, MCODE application in Cytoscape software was employed to identify three key modules involved in GBM development and prognosis. Additionally, we used the Gene expression profiling and interactive analyses (GEPIA) online tool to further confirm four genes involving in poor prognosis of GBM patients, including interferon-gamma-inducible protein 30 (IFI30), major histocompatibility complex class II-DM alpha (HLA-DMA), Prolyl 4-hydroxylase beta polypeptide (P4HB) and reticulocalbin-1 (RCN1). Furthermore, the correlation analysis indicated that the expression of IFI30, an acknowledged biomarker in glioma, was positively correlated with HLA-DMA, P4HB and RCN1. RCN1 expression was positively correlated with P4HB and HLA-DMA. Moreover, qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry analysis further validated the upregulation of four prognostic markers in GBM tissues. Conclusions Analysis of multiple datasets combined with global network information and experimental verification presents a successful approach to uncover the risk hub genes and prognostic markers of GBM. Our study identified four risk- and prognostic-related gene signatures, including IFI30, HLA-DMA, P4HB and RCN1. This gene sets contribute a new perspective to improve the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic outcomes of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No.382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, China
| | - Quansheng Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No.382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, China
| | - Zheng Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No.382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, China
| | - Laizhao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No.382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, China.
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114
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Liu M, Wu C, Luo S, Hua Q, Chen HT, Weng Y, Xu J, Lin H, Wang L, Li J, Zhu L, Guo Z, Zhuang SM, Kang T, Zheng L. PERK reprograms hematopoietic progenitor cells to direct tumor-promoting myelopoiesis in the spleen. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213062. [PMID: 35266960 PMCID: PMC8919616 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The spleen is an important site of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) preconditioning and tumor-promoting myeloid cell generation in cancer, but the regulatory mechanism remains unclear. Here, we found that PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) mediated HSPC reprogramming into committed MDSC precursors in the spleen via PERK-ATF4-C/EBPβ signaling. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of this pathway in murine and human HSPCs prevented their myeloid descendant cells from becoming MDSCs even with subsequent exposure to tumor microenvironment (TME) factors. In mice, the selective delivery of PERK antagonists to the spleen was not only sufficient but more effective than the tumor-targeted strategy in preventing MDSC activation in the tumor, leading to profound TME reshaping and tumor regression. Clinically, HSPCs in the spleen of cancer patients exhibit increased PERK signaling correlated with enhanced myelopoiesis. Our findings indicate that PERK-mediated HSPC preconditioning plays a crucial role in MDSC generation, suggesting novel spleen-targeting therapeutic opportunities for restraining the tumor-promoting myeloid response at its source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chong Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shufeng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaomin Hua
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Tian Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulan Weng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyu Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiling Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinheng Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhong Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Mei Zhuang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiebang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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115
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Gao H, He C, Hua R, Guo Y, Wang B, Liang C, Gao L, Shang H, Xu JD. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress of Gut Enterocyte and Intestinal Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:817392. [PMID: 35402506 PMCID: PMC8988245 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.817392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum, a vast reticular membranous network from the nuclear envelope to the plasma membrane responsible for the synthesis, maturation, and trafficking of a wide range of proteins, is considerably sensitive to changes in its luminal homeostasis. The loss of ER luminal homeostasis leads to abnormalities referred to as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Thus, the cell activates an adaptive response known as the unfolded protein response (UPR), a mechanism to stabilize ER homeostasis under severe environmental conditions. ER stress has recently been postulated as a disease research breakthrough due to its significant role in multiple vital cellular functions. This has caused numerous reports that ER stress-induced cell dysfunction has been implicated as an essential contributor to the occurrence and development of many diseases, resulting in them targeting the relief of ER stress. This review aims to outline the multiple molecular mechanisms of ER stress that can elucidate ER as an expansive, membrane-enclosed organelle playing a crucial role in numerous cellular functions with evident changes of several cells encountering ER stress. Alongside, we mainly focused on the therapeutic potential of ER stress inhibition in gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer. To conclude, we reviewed advanced research and highlighted future treatment strategies of ER stress-associated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengwei He
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongxuan Hua
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuexin Guo
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Boya Wang
- Undergraduate Student of 2018 Eight Program of Clinical Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Shang
- Experimental Center for Morphological Research Platform, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Dong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jing-Dong Xu,
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116
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Dihydroartemisinin alleviates steatosis and inflammation in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by decreasing endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress. Bioorg Chem 2022; 122:105737. [PMID: 35338970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a severely inflammatory subtype of nonalcoholic fatty liver. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and oxidative stress (OS) cause metabolic abnormalities, promote liver steatosis and inflammation, and are central to the development of NASH. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) is a compound extracted from Artemisia annua that is often used in the treatment of malaria. Recent studies have shown that DHA also has a wide range of pharmacological effects, acting on various organs throughout the body to exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-fibrotic effects. In this study, we demonstrated in vitro that the anti-inflammatory effect of DHA is effective against NASH and reduces liver steatosis. DHA treatment decreased the synthesis of lipids, such as cholesterol and free fatty acids, and the expression of nuclear factor kappa-B. This is accomplished by inhibiting the unfolded protein response and reducing the production of reactive oxygen species, thereby inhibiting OS and ERS. This study reveals DHA's therapeutic effect and potential mechanism in NASH, implying that DHA could be a new and promising candidate for NASH therapy.
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117
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Shi M, Chai Y, Zhang J, Chen X. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Associated Neuronal Death and Innate Immune Response in Neurological Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 12:794580. [PMID: 35082783 PMCID: PMC8784382 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.794580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal death and inflammatory response are two common pathological hallmarks of acute central nervous system injury and chronic degenerative disorders, both of which are closely related to cognitive and motor dysfunction associated with various neurological diseases. Neurological diseases are highly heterogeneous; however, they share a common pathogenesis, that is, the aberrant accumulation of misfolded/unfolded proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Fortunately, the cell has intrinsic quality control mechanisms to maintain the proteostasis network, such as chaperone-mediated folding and ER-associated degradation. However, when these control mechanisms fail, misfolded/unfolded proteins accumulate in the ER lumen and contribute to ER stress. ER stress has been implicated in nearly all neurological diseases. ER stress initiates the unfolded protein response to restore proteostasis, and if the damage is irreversible, it elicits intracellular cascades of death and inflammation. With the growing appreciation of a functional association between ER stress and neurological diseases and with the improved understanding of the multiple underlying molecular mechanisms, pharmacological and genetic targeting of ER stress are beginning to emerge as therapeutic approaches for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Chai
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
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118
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PERK is a critical metabolic hub for immunosuppressive function in macrophages. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:431-445. [PMID: 35228694 PMCID: PMC9112288 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01145-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation triggers compensatory immunosuppression to stop inflammation and minimize tissue damage. Studies have demonstrated that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress augments the suppressive phenotypes of immune cells; however, the molecular mechanisms underpinning this process and how it links to the metabolic reprogramming of immunosuppressive macrophages remain elusive. In the present study, we report that the helper T cell 2 cytokine interleukin-4 and the tumor microenvironment increase the activity of a protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK)-signaling cascade in macrophages and promote immunosuppressive M2 activation and proliferation. Loss of PERK signaling impeded mitochondrial respiration and lipid oxidation critical for M2 macrophages. PERK activation mediated the upregulation of phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1) and serine biosynthesis via the downstream transcription factor ATF-4. Increased serine biosynthesis resulted in enhanced mitochondrial function and α-ketoglutarate production required for JMJD3-dependent epigenetic modification. Inhibition of PERK suppressed macrophage immunosuppressive activity and could enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint programmed cell death protein 1 inhibition in melanoma. Our findings delineate a previously undescribed connection between PERK signaling and PSAT1-mediated serine metabolism critical for promoting immunosuppressive function in M2 macrophages.
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119
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Park EJ, Jin SW, Kang MS, Yang MJ, Kim SH, Han HY, Kang JW. Pulmonary inflammation and cellular responses following exposure to benzalkonium chloride: Potential impact of disrupted pulmonary surfactant homeostasis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 440:115930. [PMID: 35202710 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.115930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Benzalkonium chloride (BKC) is a prototypical quaternary ammonium disinfectant. Previously, we suggested a no lethal dose level (0.005%) and an LD50 range (0.5-0.05%) of BKC following a single pharyngeal aspiration. Herein, we exposed BKC repeatedly by pharyngeal aspiration for 14 days (0.005 and 0.01%, female mice, total five times with interval of two days, 5 mice/group) and 28 days (0, 0.001, 0.005, and 0.01%, male and female mice, weekly, 16 mice/sex/group). Death following 14 days-repeated exposure did not occur. Meanwhile, chronic pathological lesions were observed in the lung tissues of mice exposed to BKC for 28 days. The total number of bronchial alveolar lavage cells increased, and pulmonary homeostasis of immunologic messenger molecules was disturbed. Following, we investigated BKC-induced cellular responses using human bronchial epithelial cells. The cytotoxicity increased rapidly with concentration. Lysosomal volume, NO production, and lipid peroxidation increased in BKC-treated cells, whereas intracellular ROS level decreased accompanying structural and functional damage of mitochondria. We also found that BKC affected the expression level of immune response, DNA damage, and amino acid biosynthesis-related molecules. More interestingly, lamellar body- and autophagosome-like structures were notably observed in cells exposed to BKC, and necrotic and apoptotic cell death were identified accompanying cell accumulation in the G2/M phase. Therefore, we suggest that repeated respiratory exposure of BKC causes pulmonary inflammation and lung tissue damage and that dead and damaged cells may contribute to the inflammatory response. In addition, the formation process of lamellar body-like structures may function as a key toxicity mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Human Health and Environmental Toxins Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Woo Jin
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sung Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea; Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jin Yang
- Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Kim
- Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Yun Han
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Won Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 0284, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Energy and Environment, Korea University, 0284, Republic of Korea
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Jadeja SD, Vaishnav J, Bharti AH, Begum R. Elevated X-Box Binding Protein1 Splicing and Interleukin-17A Expression Are Associated With Active Generalized Vitiligo in Gujarat Population. Front Immunol 2022; 12:801724. [PMID: 35046957 PMCID: PMC8761938 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.801724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disorder defined by the destruction of functional epidermal melanocytes. It is a multifactorial and polygenic disorder caused due to oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and autoimmunity, among other factors. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the association of X-box Binding Protein 1 (XBP1) and Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) polymorphisms and monitor their systemic as well as skin expression levels in vitiligo patients from Gujarat population in India. XBP1 rs2269577 G/C, IL17A rs2275913 G/A and IL17A rs8193036 C/T polymorphisms were genotyped by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method in 312 controls and 276 vitiligo patients. Transcript levels of spliced (sXBP1), unspliced XBP1 (uXBP1) and IL17A from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as well as spliced and unspliced XBP1 from skin samples were analyzed by qPCR. IL-17A protein levels in suction-induced blister fluid (SBF) from the skin of study subjects were estimated by ELISA. The results revealed that genotype (p=0.010) and allele (p=0.014) frequencies of XBP1 rs2269577 G/C polymorphism were significantly different, however, no significant difference was observed in frequencies of IL17A rs2275913 G/A and IL17A rs8193036 C/T polymorphisms in control and patient population. Gene expression analysis revealed that sXBP1 and IL17A levels were significantly higher in PBMCs of generalized (p=0.030 and p=0.039, respectively) and active (p=0.024 and p=0.017, respectively) vitiligo patients. Moreover, we observed a significantly elevated sXBP1 expression (p=0.037) as well as IL-17A protein levels (p=0.009) in perilesional skin of vitiligo patients as compared to controls. Overall, these findings suggest XBP1 and IL17A play an important role in vitiligo and further substantiate the involvement of ER stress in exacerbating immune-mediated vitiligo pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnawaz D Jadeja
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Jayvadan Vaishnav
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Ankit H Bharti
- Dermatology Department, Dr. Ankit's Dermatopathology Research Centre, Vyara, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Colonic Mucosa of Ulcerative Colitis Patients Is Mediated by PERK and IRE1 Pathway Activation. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:6049500. [PMID: 35185383 PMCID: PMC8849912 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6049500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by a chronic overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines. During an acute phase, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is overloaded and the protein folding process is impaired, a condition named ER stress. This state induces a response (unfolded protein response (UPR)), initiated by the activation of IRE1/Xbp-1, PERK/eIF2α, and ATF6 pathways, which has previously been linked to intestinal inflammation in experimental models. ER stress and UPR activation trigger the activation of proinflammatory, autophagy, and apoptosis genes, in addition to promoting protein degradation. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate the activation of ER stress and UPR in colonic mucosa of UC patients. Patient and Methods. Transcriptional analysis of ER stress- and UPR-related genes was performed by qPCR from intestinal mucosa of patients with UC. We also performed in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHQ) of PERK/eIF2α and IRE1/Xbp-1 pathways and UPR-related chaperones. Results. We first evaluated inflammatory genes via qPCR, and we observed that all analyzed proinflammatory transcripts were upregulated in UC patients. ISH and IHQ images showed that ER stress is activated via PERK/eIF2α and IRE1/Xbp-1 pathways not only in intestinal epithelial cells but also in cells of the lamina propria of UC colonic mucosa. Transcriptional analysis confirmed that EIF2AK3 was upregulated in UC patients. UPR-related genes, such as ATF3, STC2, and DDIT3, along with the chaperones and cochaperones DNAJC3, CALR, HSP90B1, and HSPA5, were also upregulated in UC patients. In addition, we observed that proapoptotic and autophagy genes (Bax and ATG6L1, respectively) were also upregulated. Conclusion. Our results suggest that ER stress and UPR are indeed activated in UC patients and this may contribute to the chronic inflammatory process seen in UC. The increased apoptosis and autophagy markers further support the activation of these findings once they are activated to counterbalance tissue damage. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms that maintain UC activity and open new possibilities to attenuate intestinal inflammation.
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Roles of Protein Disulfide Isomerase in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030745. [PMID: 35159012 PMCID: PMC8833603 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer and has a poor prognosis and higher recurrence rate due to ineffective therapy. Even with newly approved therapeutics, only limited TNBC patients could have benefited from the regimens. Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) has been of great interest as a potential therapeutic target for cancers due to its impacts on tumor progression, metastasis, and clinical outcomes. Here, we discuss the roles of PDI members in breast cancers such as TNBC and the PDI inhibitors studied in breast cancer research. Abstract Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)’s most abundant and essential enzyme and serves as the primary catalyst for protein folding. Due to its apparent role in supporting the rapid proliferation of cancer cells, the selective blockade of PDI results in apoptosis through sustained activation of UPR pathways. The functions of PDI, especially in cancers, have been extensively studied over a decade, and recent research has explored the use of PDI inhibitors in the treatment of cancers but with focus areas of other cancers, such as brain or ovarian cancer. In this review, we discuss the roles of PDI members in breast cancer and PDI inhibitors used in breast cancer research. Additionally, a few PDI members may be suggested as potential molecular targets for highly metastatic breast cancers, such as TNBC, that require more attention in future research.
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STING Induces Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Promoting Calcium-Dependent Caspase 1-GSDMD Processing in Macrophages. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8123157. [PMID: 35281468 PMCID: PMC8906939 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8123157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Although a recent study reported that stimulator of interferon genes (STING) in macrophages has an important regulatory effect on liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), the underlying mechanism of STING-dependent innate immune activation in liver macrophages (Kupffer cells, KCs) remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of STING on liver macrophage pyroptosis and the associated regulatory mechanism of liver IRI. Methods Clodronate liposomes were used to block liver macrophages. AAV-STING-RNAi-F4/80-EGFP, an adenoassociated virus (AAV), was transfected into the portal vein of mice in vivo, and the liver IRI model was established 14 days later. In vitro, liver macrophages were treated with STING-specific siRNA, and a hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) model was established. The level of STING was detected via Western blotting (WB), RT-PCR, and immunostaining. Liver tissue and blood samples were collected. Pathological changes in liver tissue were detected by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Macrophage pyroptosis was detected by WB, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The calcium concentration was measured by immunofluorescence and analyzed with a fluorescence microplate reader. Results The expression of STING increased with liver IRI but decreased significantly after the clodronate liposome blockade of liver macrophages. After knockdown of STING, the activation of caspase 1-GSDMD in macrophages and liver IRI was alleviated. More interestingly, hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) increased the calcium concentration in liver macrophages, but the calcium concentration was decreased after STING knockdown. Furthermore, after the inhibition of calcium in H/R-induced liver macrophages by BAPTA-AM, pyroptosis was significantly reduced, but the expression of STING was not significantlydecreased. Conclusions Knockdown of STING reduces calcium-dependent macrophage caspase 1-GSDMD-mediated liver IRI, representing a potential therapeutic approach in the clinic.
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Yuan Y, Jiao P, Wang Z, Chen M, Du H, Xu L, Xu J, Dai Y, Wu FG, Zhang Y, Wu H. Endoplasmic reticulum stress promotes the release of exosomal PD-L1 from head and neck cancer cells and facilitates M2 macrophage polarization. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:12. [PMID: 35090495 PMCID: PMC8796490 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00810-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been found to foster the escape of cancer cells from immune surveillance and upregulate PD-L1 expression. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Methods While analyzing the protein levels using immunofluorescence and Western blotting, the RNA levels were measured using qRT-PCR. Ten injection of exosomes into six-week-old nude mice was made through the tail vein once every other day in total. Results The expression of certain ER stress markers such as PERK (PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase), ATF6 (activating transcription factor 6), and GRP78 (glucose-regulated protein 78), was found to be upregulated in the oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissues and related to poor overall survival. There is a positive relationship between the extent of ER stress-related proteins and a cluster of PD-L1 expression and macrophage infiltration among the OSCC tissues. Further, incubation with exosomes derived from ER-stressed HN4 cells (Exo-ER) was found to upregulate PD-L1 extents in macrophages in vitro and in vivo, and macrophage polarization toward the M2 subtype was promoted by upregulating PD-L1. Conclusions ER stress causes OSCC cells to secrete exosomal PD-L1 and upregulates PD-L1 expression in macrophages to drive M2 macrophage polarization. The delineation of a new exosome-modulated mechanism was made for OSCC–macrophage crosstalk driving tumor development and to be examined for its therapeutic use. Graphical abstract Exosomal PD-L1 secreted by ER-stressed OSCC cells promoted M2 macrophage polarization. ![]() Video Abstract.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-021-00810-2.
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Li Y, Fu Y, Sun J, Shen J, Liu F, Ning B, Lu Z, Wei L, Jiang X. Tanshinone IIA alleviates NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-(H37Ra-) infected macrophages by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114595. [PMID: 34517060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tanshinone IIA (Tan), extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, is a perennial herbal plant widely used as a folk remedy in Asian countries. Several studies have proved that Tanshinone IIA possesses many biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, free-radical scavenging abilities, antioxidant properties, liver protection, and anti-cancer properties. AIM OF THE STUDY The objective of the present study was to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of Tan. MATERIALS AND METHODS The in vitro infection model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages with the H37Ra strain was established. Murine macrophage Raw 264.7 and human monocyte THP-1 were used for the experiments. Cell viability was determined by the MTT assay. Western blot and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity assays were used to detect the effects of Tan on cell pyroptosis and the level of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Western blot, Co-immunoprecipitation and Immunofluorescence assays were used to observe the effect of Tan on the expression level of TXNIP. Immunofluorescence assays were applied to explore the effect of Tan on mtROS. Western blot and agarose gel electrophoresis were adopted to observe the effect of Tan on endoplasmic reticulum stress. The siRNA technique was applied to knockdown the expression levels of PERK/peIF2α, IRE1α and ATF6, and Western blot assay was employed to explore the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and possible molecular regulation mechanism of Tan. RESULTS This study demonstrated that Tan decreased Mtb-induced cell pyroptosis by measuring GSDMD-N and LDH release provoked by NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Additionally, Tan inhibited endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), mitochondrial damage, and TXNIP protein expression, all of which acted as upstream signals of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in Mtb-infected macrophages. Significantly, NLRP3 inflammasome activation was suppressed by knocking down ERS pathway proteins, which further clarified that Tan partly targeted ERS to exert anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory actions. CONCLUSION This research confirms Tan's anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory mechanisms in Mtb-infected macrophages by downregulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation-mediated pyroptosis provoked by ERS. Tan may function as an adjuvant drug to treat TB by adjusting host immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhong Li
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Yan Fu
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Jinxia Sun
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Jingjing Shen
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Fanglin Liu
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Bangzuo Ning
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Zhenhui Lu
- Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Luyao Wei
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment, Department of Biochemistry, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
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Wang T, Zhou J, Zhang X, Wu Y, Jin K, Wang Y, Xu R, Yang G, Li W, Jiao L. X-box Binding Protein 1: An Adaptor in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis. Aging Dis 2022; 14:350-369. [PMID: 37008067 PMCID: PMC10017146 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), the formation of fibrofatty lesions in the vessel wall, is the primary cause of heart disease and stroke and is closely associated with aging. Disrupted metabolic homeostasis is a primary feature of AS and leads to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which is an abnormal accumulation of unfolded proteins. By orchestrating signaling cascades of the unfolded protein response (UPR), ER stress functions as a double-edged sword in AS, where adaptive UPR triggers synthetic metabolic processes to restore homeostasis, whereas the maladaptive response programs the cell to the apoptotic pathway. However, little is known regarding their precise coordination. Herein, an advanced understanding of the role of UPR in the pathological process of AS is reviewed. In particular, we focused on a critical mediator of the UPR, X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), and its important role in balancing adaptive and maladaptive responses. The XBP1 mRNA is processed from the unspliced isoform (XBP1u) to the spliced isoform of XBP1 (XBP1s). Compared with XBP1u, XBP1s predominantly functions downstream of inositol-requiring enzyme-1α (IRE1α) and transcript genes involved in protein quality control, inflammation, lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and calcification, which are critical for the pathogenesis of AS. Thus, the IRE1α/XBP1 axis is a promising pharmaceutical candidate against AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China.
| | - Jia Zhou
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China.
| | - Yujie Wu
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Machine Intelligence, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Kehan Jin
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yilin Wang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Ran Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China.
| | - Ge Yang
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Machine Intelligence, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Ge Yang, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. , Dr. Wenjing Li, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. ; Dr. Liqun Jiao, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .
| | - Wenjing Li
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Machine Intelligence, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Ge Yang, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. , Dr. Wenjing Li, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. ; Dr. Liqun Jiao, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .
| | - Liqun Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China.
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Ge Yang, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. , Dr. Wenjing Li, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. ; Dr. Liqun Jiao, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .
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Zhu H, Jiang C, Kaufman RJ, Li H, Singh N. In Vitro Stimulation of IRE1α/XBP1-Deficient B Cells with LPS. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2378:221-231. [PMID: 34985703 PMCID: PMC9382655 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1732-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
During immune responses, pathogen-specific B cells differentiate into plasma cells. Plasma cells synthesize and secrete large amounts of immunoglobulin (Ig) molecules which play a central role in immunity against pathogens. The synthesis, proper folding, and secretion of these Ig molecules require expansion of the extensive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network. Accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER is sensed by three sensors: IRE1/XBP1, PERK, and ATF6, which coordinate with each other and initiate the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway to expand the ER network and its protein folding and secretion capability. The expansion and maintenance of the ER network in plasma cells is triggered by activation of the IRE1/XBP1 branch of the UPR pathway. Here, we discuss the methods to stimulate the differentiation of B cells into plasma cells, measure the activation of the XBP1 pathway, and quantify the ER network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabin Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, August, GA, USA
| | - Chen Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, August, GA, USA
| | - Randal J Kaufman
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys, Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Honglin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, August, GA, USA
| | - Nagendra Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, August, GA, USA.
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Chinese Herbal Medicine Alleviates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Regulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:4963346. [PMID: 34917158 PMCID: PMC8670943 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4963346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury is the main cause of increased mortality and disability in cardiovascular diseases. The injury involves many pathological processes, such as oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis imbalance, inflammation, and energy metabolism disorders, and these pathological stimuli can activate endoplasmic reticulum stress. In the early stage of ischemia, endoplasmic reticulum stress alleviates the injury as an adaptive survival response, but the long-term stress on endoplasmic reticulum amplifies oxidative stress, inflammation, and calcium overload to accelerate cell damage and apoptosis. Therefore, regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress may be a mechanism to improve ischemia/reperfusion injury. Chinese herbal medicine has a long history of clinical application and unique advantages in the treatment of ischemic heart diseases. This review focuses on the effect of Chinese herbal medicine on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury from the perspective of regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Al Qureshah F, Sagadiev S, Thouvenel CD, Liu S, Hua Z, Hou B, Acharya M, James RG, Rawlings DJ. Activated PI3Kδ signals compromise plasma cell survival via limiting autophagy and increasing ER stress. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20211035. [PMID: 34586341 PMCID: PMC8485856 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
While phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase delta (PI3Kδ) plays a critical role in humoral immunity, the requirement for PI3Kδ signaling in plasma cells remains poorly understood. Here, we used a conditional mouse model of activated PI3Kδ syndrome (APDS), to interrogate the function of PI3Kδ in plasma cell biology. Mice expressing a PIK3CD gain-of-function mutation (aPIK3CD) in B cells generated increased numbers of memory B cells and mounted an enhanced secondary response but exhibited a rapid decay of antibody levels over time. Consistent with these findings, aPIK3CD expression markedly impaired plasma cell generation, and expression of aPIK3CD intrinsically in plasma cells was sufficient to diminish humoral responses. Mechanistically, aPIK3CD disrupted ER proteostasis and autophagy, which led to increased plasma cell death. Notably, this defect was driven primarily by elevated mTORC1 signaling and modulated by treatment with PI3Kδ-specific inhibitors. Our findings establish an essential role for PI3Kδ in plasma cell homeostasis and suggest that modulating PI3Kδ activity may be useful for promoting and/or thwarting specific immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahd Al Qureshah
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapy, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA
- Departments of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Sagadiev
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapy, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Shuozhi Liu
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapy, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Zhaolin Hua
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baidong Hou
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mridu Acharya
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapy, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Richard G. James
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapy, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Departments of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - David J. Rawlings
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapy, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA
- Departments of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Wu B, Zhao TV, Jin K, Hu Z, Abdel MP, Warrington KJ, Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM. Mitochondrial aspartate regulates TNF biogenesis and autoimmune tissue inflammation. Nat Immunol 2021; 22. [PMID: 34811544 PMCID: PMC8756813 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-01065-2 10.1038/s41590-021-01065-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Misdirected immunity gives rise to the autoimmune tissue inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis, in which excess production of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a central pathogenic event. Mechanisms underlying the breakdown of self-tolerance are unclear, but T cells in the arthritic joint have a distinctive metabolic signature of ATPlo acetyl-CoAhi proinflammatory effector cells. Here we show that a deficiency in the production of mitochondrial aspartate is an important abnormality in these autoimmune T cells. Shortage of mitochondrial aspartate disrupted the regeneration of the metabolic cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, causing ADP deribosylation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) sensor GRP78/BiP. As a result, ribosome-rich ER membranes expanded, promoting co-translational translocation and enhanced biogenesis of transmembrane TNF. ERrich T cells were the predominant TNF producers in the arthritic joint. Transfer of intact mitochondria into T cells, as well as supplementation of exogenous aspartate, rescued the mitochondria-instructed expansion of ER membranes and suppressed TNF release and rheumatoid tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Wu
- Department of Medicine, Mayo College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Tuantuan V. Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Mayo College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ke Jin
- Department of Medicine, Mayo College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Zhaolan Hu
- Department of Medicine, Mayo College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Matthew P. Abdel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ken J. Warrington
- Department of Medicine, Mayo College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jörg J. Goronzy
- Department of Medicine, Mayo College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Cornelia M. Weyand
- Department of Medicine, Mayo College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Corresponding author: Cornelia M. Weyand, Department of Medicine, Mayo College of Medicine and Sciences, Rochester, MN 55901;
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Wu B, Zhao TV, Jin K, Hu Z, Abdel MP, Warrington KJ, Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM. Mitochondrial aspartate regulates TNF biogenesis and autoimmune tissue inflammation. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:1551-1562. [PMID: 34811544 PMCID: PMC8756813 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-01065-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Misdirected immunity gives rise to the autoimmune tissue inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis, in which excess production of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a central pathogenic event. Mechanisms underlying the breakdown of self-tolerance are unclear, but T cells in the arthritic joint have a distinctive metabolic signature of ATPlo acetyl-CoAhi proinflammatory effector cells. Here we show that a deficiency in the production of mitochondrial aspartate is an important abnormality in these autoimmune T cells. Shortage of mitochondrial aspartate disrupted the regeneration of the metabolic cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, causing ADP deribosylation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) sensor GRP78/BiP. As a result, ribosome-rich ER membranes expanded, promoting co-translational translocation and enhanced biogenesis of transmembrane TNF. ERrich T cells were the predominant TNF producers in the arthritic joint. Transfer of intact mitochondria into T cells, as well as supplementation of exogenous aspartate, rescued the mitochondria-instructed expansion of ER membranes and suppressed TNF release and rheumatoid tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Wu
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tuantuan V Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ke Jin
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Zhaolan Hu
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Matthew P Abdel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ken J Warrington
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jörg J Goronzy
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Cornelia M Weyand
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA.
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Kim TW, Ko SG. The Herbal Formula JI017 Induces ER Stress via Nox4 in Breast Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121881. [PMID: 34942984 PMCID: PMC8698338 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is a powerful anti-tumor therapeutic strategy; however, resistance to treatment remains a serious concern. To overcome chemoresistance, combination therapy with anticancer drugs is a potential strategy. We developed a novel herbal extract, JI017, with lower toxicity and lesser side effects. JI017 induced programmed cell death and excessive unfolded protein response through the release of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium in breast cancer cells. JI017 treatment increased the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers, including p-PERK, p-eIF2α, ATF4, and CHOP, via the activation of both exosomal GRP78 and cell lysate GRP78. The ROS inhibitors diphenyleneiodonium and N-acetyl cysteine suppressed apoptosis and excessive ER stress by inhibiting Nox4 in JI017-treated breast cancer cells. Furthermore, in paclitaxel-resistant breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7R and MDA-MB-231R, a combination of JI017 and paclitaxel overcame paclitaxel resistance by blocking epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) processes, such as the downregulation of E-cadherin expression and the upregulation of HIF-1α, vimentin, Snail, and Slug expression. These findings suggested that JI017 exerts a powerful anti-cancer effect in breast cancer and a combination therapy of JI017 and paclitaxel may be a potential cancer therapy for paclitaxel resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-961-0329; Fax: +82-2-961-1165
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133
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Xia H, Zhao H, Yang W, Luo X, Wei J, Xia H. MiR-195-5p represses inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in sepsis-induced myocardial injury by targeting activating transcription factor 6. Cell Biol Int 2021; 46:243-254. [PMID: 34816499 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial injury (MI) is a common complication of sepsis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been suggested as potential biomarkers of MI; however, their mechanisms in sepsis-induced MI remain unclear. A sepsis rat model was constructed by use of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The levels of miR-195-5p and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) expression were determined by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and cytokine levels were detected by ELISA. The levels of oxidative stress (OS)-related indicators and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related proteins were examined, and the regulatory effect of miR-195-5p on ATF6 was determined by using the luciferase reporter assay. Our results showed that miR-195-5p expression was downregulated and ATF6 expression was upregulated in lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiomyocytes and mice with CLP-induced sepsis. We also found that miR-195-5p could markedly attenuate the inflammation, apoptosis, OS, and ERS associated with sepsis-induced MI. Additionally, we verified that miR-195-5p could relieve sepsis-induced MI by targeting ATF6. This study identified potential targets for treating MI after sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Xia
- Department of Emergency, East Campus, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weize Yang
- Department of Emergency, East Campus, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaomin Luo
- Department of Emergency, East Campus, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Department of Emergency, East Campus, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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134
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Tasinov O, Dincheva I, Badjakov I, Kiselova-Kaneva Y, Galunska B, Nogueiras R, Ivanova D. Phytochemical Composition, Anti-Inflammatory and ER Stress-Reducing Potential of Sambucus ebulus L. Fruit Extract. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112446. [PMID: 34834808 PMCID: PMC8623228 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Sambucus ebulus L. (SE) fruits are used for their immunostimulation, hematopoietic and antiviral potential. Recently, we focused on analyzing the mechanism underlying SE fruit aqueous extract's (FAE) immunomodulation and anti-inflammatory activities, with attention to its endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-reducing potential. J774A.1 macrophages were treated with SE FAE alone or in conditions of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulation. Using GC-MS and LC-MS/MS, its phytochemical composition was analyzed. To measure transcription and protein levels, we used qPCR and Western blot, respectively. The prevailing phytochemicals in SE FAE were hydroxycinnamic acids, proanthocyanidins and anthocyanins. The content of some amino acids, organic acids, alcohols, fatty acids and esters were newly reported. Extracts exerted an immunostimulation potential by stimulating IL-6, TNFα, Ccl2, COX2 and iNOS transcription, without inducing ER stress. SE FAE suppressed the LPS-induced transcription of inflammation related genes (IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, Ccl2, Icam-1, Fabp4, COX2, iNOS, Noxo1, IL-1ra, Sirt-1) and reduced the protein levels of iNOS, peIF2α, ATF6α and CHOP. The effects were comparable to that of salicylic acid. SE suppresses LPS-stimulated inflammatory markers on the transcription and translation levels. Targeting ER stress is possibly another mechanism underlying its anti-inflammatory potential. These findings reveal the potential of SE fruits as a beneficial therapeutic of inflammation and ER stress-related pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskan Tasinov
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, 84B Tzar Osvoboditel Blvd., 9002 Varna, Bulgaria; (Y.K.-K.); (B.G.); (D.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +359-896-036961
| | - Ivayla Dincheva
- AgroBioInstitute, Agricultural Academy, 8 Dr. Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.D.); (I.B.)
| | - Ilian Badjakov
- AgroBioInstitute, Agricultural Academy, 8 Dr. Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.D.); (I.B.)
| | - Yoana Kiselova-Kaneva
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, 84B Tzar Osvoboditel Blvd., 9002 Varna, Bulgaria; (Y.K.-K.); (B.G.); (D.I.)
| | - Bistra Galunska
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, 84B Tzar Osvoboditel Blvd., 9002 Varna, Bulgaria; (Y.K.-K.); (B.G.); (D.I.)
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Department of Physiology, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Diana Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, 84B Tzar Osvoboditel Blvd., 9002 Varna, Bulgaria; (Y.K.-K.); (B.G.); (D.I.)
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135
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Wang LX, Ren C, Yao RQ, Luo YN, Yin Y, Wu Y, Dong N, Zhu XM, Yao YM. Sestrin2 protects against lethal sepsis by suppressing the pyroptosis of dendritic cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:8209-8227. [PMID: 34741186 PMCID: PMC8629895 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03970-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Sestrin2 (SESN2), a highly evolutionarily conserved protein, is critically involved in the cellular response to various stresses and has been confirmed to maintain the homeostasis of the internal environment. However, the potential effects of SESN2 in regulating dendritic cells (DCs) pyroptosis in the context of sepsis and the related mechanisms are poorly characterized. In this study, we found that SESN2 was capable of decreasing gasdermin D (GSDMD)-dependent pyroptosis of splenic DCs by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (ERS)-related nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)-mediated ASC pyroptosome formation and caspase-1 (CASP-1) activation. Furthermore, SESN2 deficiency induced NLRP3/ASC/CASP-1-dependent pyroptosis and the production of proinflammatory cytokines by exacerbating the PERK–ATF4–CHOP signaling pathway, resulting in an increase in the mortality of septic mice, which was reversed by inhibiting ERS. These findings suggest that SESN2 appears to be essential for inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome hyperactivation, reducing CASP-1-dependent pyroptosis, and improving sepsis outcomes through stabilization of the ER. The present study might have important implications for exploration of novel potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of sepsis complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xue Wang
- Chinese PLA General Hospital and Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.,Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Ren
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Qi Yao
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China.,Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Nan Luo
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Yin
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Wu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Dong
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong-Ming Yao
- Chinese PLA General Hospital and Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China. .,Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China.
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136
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The PERK/PKR-eIF2α pathway negatively regulates porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus replication by attenuating global protein translation and facilitating stress granule formation. J Virol 2021; 96:e0169521. [PMID: 34643429 PMCID: PMC8754228 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01695-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The replication of coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and the recently emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is closely associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of infected cells. The unfolded protein response (UPR), which is mediated by ER stress (ERS), is a typical outcome in coronavirus-infected cells and is closely associated with the characteristics of coronaviruses. However, the interaction between virus-induced ERS and coronavirus replication is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that infection with the betacoronavirus porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) induced ERS and triggered all three branches of the UPR signaling pathway both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, ERS suppressed PHEV replication in mouse neuro-2a (N2a) cells primarily by activating the protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK)–eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) axis of the UPR. Moreover, another eIF2α phosphorylation kinase, interferon (IFN)-induced double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR), was also activated and acted cooperatively with PERK to decrease PHEV replication. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the PERK/PKR-eIF2α pathways negatively regulated PHEV replication by attenuating global protein translation. Phosphorylated eIF2α also promoted the formation of stress granules (SGs), which in turn repressed PHEV replication. In summary, our study presents a vital aspect of the host innate response to invading pathogens and reveals attractive host targets (e.g., PERK, PKR, and eIF2α) for antiviral drugs. IMPORTANCE Coronavirus diseases are caused by different coronaviruses of importance in humans and animals, and specific treatments are extremely limited. ERS, which can activate the UPR to modulate viral replication and the host innate response, is a frequent occurrence in coronavirus-infected cells. PHEV, a neurotropic betacoronavirus, causes nerve cell damage, which accounts for the high mortality rates in suckling piglets. However, it remains incompletely understood whether the highly developed ER in nerve cells plays an antiviral role in ERS and how ERS regulates viral proliferation. In this study, we found that PHEV infection induced ERS and activated the UPR both in vitro and in vivo and that the activated PERK/PKR-eIF2α axis inhibited PHEV replication through attenuating global protein translation and promoting SG formation. A better understanding of coronavirus-induced ERS and UPR activation may reveal the pathogenic mechanism of coronavirus and facilitate the development of new treatment strategies for these diseases.
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137
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Wu P, Xiang T, Wang J, Lv R, Ma S, Yuan L, Wu G, Che X. Identification of immunization-related new prognostic biomarkers for papillary renal cell carcinoma by integrated bioinformatics analysis. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:241. [PMID: 34620162 PMCID: PMC8499437 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-01092-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) being the second most common type of kidney cancer, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Targeted therapies in the past have not been successful because of the lack of a clear understanding of the molecular mechanism. Hence, exploring the underlying mechanisms and seeking novel biomarkers for pursuing a precise prognostic biomarker and appropriate therapies are critical. Material and methods In our research, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened from the TCGA and GEO databases, and a total of 149 upregulated and 285 downregulated genes were sorted. This was followed by construction of functional enrichment and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, and then the top 15 DEGs were selected for further analysis. The P4HB gene was chosen as our target gene by repetitively validating multiple datasets, and higher levels of P4HB expression predicted lower overall survival (OS) in patients with pRCC. Results We found that P4HB not only connects with immune cell infiltration and co-expression with PD-1, PD-L2, and CTLA-4, but also has a strong connection with the newly discovered hot gene, TOX. Conclusion We speculate that P4HB is a novel gene involved in the progression of pRCC through immunomodulation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-021-01092-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Tingting Xiang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Liguang Rehabilitation Hospital of Dalian Development Zone, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Run Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Shaoxin Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Limei Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Guangzhen Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China.
| | - Xiangyu Che
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China.
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138
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Patterson DG, Kania AK, Price MJ, Rose JR, Scharer CD, Boss JM. An IRF4-MYC-mTORC1 Integrated Pathway Controls Cell Growth and the Proliferative Capacity of Activated B Cells during B Cell Differentiation In Vivo. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1798-1811. [PMID: 34470852 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell division is an essential component of B cell differentiation to Ab-secreting plasma cells, with critical reprogramming occurring during the initial stages of B cell activation. However, a complete understanding of the factors that coordinate early reprogramming events in vivo remain to be determined. In this study, we examined the initial reprogramming by IRF4 in activated B cells using an adoptive transfer system and mice with a B cell-specific deletion of IRF4. IRF4-deficient B cells responding to influenza, 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetyl-Ficoll, and LPS divided but stalled during the proliferative response. Gene expression profiling of IRF4-deficient B cells at discrete divisions revealed IRF4 was critical for inducing MYC target genes, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycolysis. Moreover, IRF4-deficient B cells maintained an inflammatory gene expression signature. Complementary chromatin accessibility analyses established a hierarchy of IRF4 activity and identified networks of dysregulated transcription factor families in IRF4-deficient B cells, including E-box binding bHLH family members. Indeed, B cells lacking IRF4 failed to fully induce Myc after stimulation and displayed aberrant cell cycle distribution. Furthermore, IRF4-deficient B cells showed reduced mTORC1 activity and failed to initiate the B cell activation unfolded protein response and grow in cell size. Myc overexpression in IRF4-deficient cells was sufficient to overcome the cell growth defect. Together, these data reveal an IRF4-MYC-mTORC1 relationship critical for controlling cell growth and the proliferative response during B cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon G Patterson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and.,The Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Anna K Kania
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and.,The Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Madeline J Price
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and.,The Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - James R Rose
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and.,The Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Christopher D Scharer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and.,The Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jeremy M Boss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and .,The Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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139
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ROS/TNF-α Crosstalk Triggers the Expression of IL-8 and MCP-1 in Human Monocytic THP-1 Cells via the NF-κB and ERK1/2 Mediated Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910519. [PMID: 34638857 PMCID: PMC8508672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-8/MCP-1 act as neutrophil/monocyte chemoattractants, respectively. Oxidative stress emerges as a key player in the pathophysiology of obesity. However, it remains unclear whether the TNF-α/oxidative stress interplay can trigger IL-8/MCP-1 expression and, if so, by which mechanism(s). IL-8/MCP-1 adipose expression was detected in lean, overweight, and obese individuals, 15 each, using immunohistochemistry. To detect the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/TNF-α synergy as a chemokine driver, THP-1 cells were stimulated with TNF-α, with/without H2O2 or hypoxia. Target gene expression was measured by qRT-PCR, proteins by flow cytometry/confocal microscopy, ROS by DCFH-DA assay, and signaling pathways by immunoblotting. IL-8/MCP-1 adipose expression was significantly higher in obese/overweight. Furthermore, IL-8/MCP-1 mRNA/protein was amplified in monocytic cells following stimulation with TNF-α in the presence of H2O2 or hypoxia (p ˂ 0.0001). Synergistic chemokine upregulation was related to the ROS levels, while pre-treatments with NAC suppressed this chemokine elevation (p ≤ 0.01). The ROS/TNF-α crosstalk involved upregulation of CHOP, ERN1, HIF1A, and NF-κB/ERK-1,2 mediated signaling. In conclusion, IL-8/MCP-1 adipose expression is elevated in obesity. Mechanistically, ROS/TNF-α crosstalk may drive expression of these chemokines in monocytic cells by inducing ER stress, HIF1A stabilization, and signaling via NF-κB/ERK-1,2. NAC had inhibitory effect on oxidative stress-driven IL-8/MCP-1 expression, which may have therapeutic significance regarding meta-inflammation.
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140
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Pu H, Qian Q, Wang F, Gong M, Ge X. Schizandrin A induces the apoptosis and suppresses the proliferation, invasion and migration of gastric cancer cells by activating endoplasmic reticulum stress. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:787. [PMID: 34498719 PMCID: PMC8441983 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Apart from its basic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, schizandrin A (SchA), which is isolated from Fructus schisandra, can exert anticancer effects on multiple cancer types. However, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no study identifying the impacts of SchA on gastric cancer (GC). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify how SchA functioned to affect the progression of GC. To investigate the role of SchA in GC development, Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, wound healing and Transwell assays were conducted to assess the viability, proliferation, migration and invasion of AGS cells, respectively. Then, the apoptosis rate and apoptosis- and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related protein expression levels in AGS cells exposed to SchA were detected via TUNEL assays and western blotting, respectively. Subsequently, the aforementioned functional assays were performed again in AGS cells exposed to both SchA and the ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) for the confirmation of the effect of SchA on ER stress in GC. It was found that SchA markedly decreased the viability, proliferation, migration and invasion, while it induced the apoptosis of AGS cells. Moreover, the markers of ER stress were elevated by SchA treatment in AGS cells. Nevertheless, 4-PBA reversed the effects of SchA on the viability, proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of AGS cells, accompanied by decreased expression of ER stress markers. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that SchA induced the apoptosis and suppressed the proliferation, invasion and migration of GC cells by activating ER stress, which provides a theoretical basis for the use of SchA in the treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huachao Pu
- Department of Oncology, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Qian Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University), Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Fuli Wang
- Department of Oncology, Changzhou Jin Dongfang Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Minjie Gong
- Department of Oncology, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Xinguo Ge
- Department of Oncology, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
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Liu X, Chen Y, Wang H, Wei Y, Yuan Y, Zhou Q, Fang F, Shi S, Jiang X, Dong Y, Li X. Microglia-derived IL-1β promoted neuronal apoptosis through ER stress-mediated signaling pathway PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP upon arsenic exposure. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 417:125997. [PMID: 34229406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is the leading toxicant of hazardous environmental chemicals, which is linked with neurotoxicity including cognitive dysfunction, neurodevelopmental alterations and neurodegenerative disorders. It has been suggested that sustained pro-inflammatory response is one of the triggering factors of arsenic-induced neurotoxicity. Microglia, the immune cells in the central nervous system, response to physiological and pathological stress, and release a large array of pro-inflammatory cytokines if activated excessively. Several studies indicated that arsenic was capable of inducing microglia activation, however, the role of the subsequently released pro-inflammatory cytokines in arsenic-induced neurotoxicity remains to be elucidated. Our findings demonstrated that arsenic-induced cognitive dysfunction, microglia activation, up-regulation and release of IL-1β and ER stress-mediated apoptosis could be attenuated by minocycline, a recognized inhibitor of microglia activation. In addition, the IL-1 receptor antagonist IL-1ra diminished arsenic-induced activation of ER stress-mediated apoptotic pathway PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP and neuronal apoptosis. Our findings provided evidences that arsenic-induced microglia activation also contributed to neuronal apoptosis through pro-inflammatory cytokine. Microglia-derived IL-1β promoted hippocampal neuronal apoptosis through ER stress-mediated PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP apoptotic pathway. Neuronal apoptosis induced by prolonged activation of microglia was partially involved in the arsenic-induced cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudan Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yuting Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Qianqian Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Sainan Shi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Xiaojing Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yinqiao Dong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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142
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Ranjan K, Hedl M, Sinha S, Zhang X, Abraham C. Ubiquitination of ATF6 by disease-associated RNF186 promotes the innate receptor-induced unfolded protein response. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:145472. [PMID: 34623328 DOI: 10.1172/jci145472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Properly balancing microbial responses by the innate immune system through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is critical for intestinal immune homeostasis. Ring finger protein 186 (RNF186) genetic variants are associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, functions for the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF186 are incompletely defined. We found that upon stimulation of the PRR nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) in human macrophages, RNF186 localized to the ER, formed a complex with ER stress sensors, ubiquitinated the ER stress sensor activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), and promoted the unfolded protein response (UPR). These events, in turn, led to downstream signaling, cytokine secretion, and antimicrobial pathway induction. Importantly, RNF186-mediated ubiquitination of K152 on ATF6 was required for these outcomes, highlighting a key role for ATF6 ubiquitination in PRR-initiated functions. Human macrophages transfected with the rare RNF186-A64T IBD risk variant and macrophages from common rs6426833 RNF186 IBD risk carriers demonstrated reduced NOD2-induced outcomes, which were restored by rescuing UPR signaling. Mice deficient in RNF186 or ATF6 demonstrated a reduced UPR in colonic tissues, increased weight loss, and less effective clearance of bacteria with dextran sodium sulfate-induced injury and upon oral challenge with Salmonella Typhimurium. Therefore, we identified that RNF186 was required for PRR-induced, UPR-associated signaling leading to key macrophage functions; defined that RNF186-mediated ubiquitination of ATF6 was essential for these functions; and elucidated how RNF186 IBD risk variants modulated these outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishu Ranjan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, and
| | - Matija Hedl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, and
| | - Saloni Sinha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, and
| | - Xuchen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Clara Abraham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, and
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143
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Park JM, Han YM, Oh JY, Lee DY, Choi SH, Kim SJ, Hahm KB. Fermented kimchi rejuvenated precancerous atrophic gastritis via mitigating Helicobacter pylori-associated endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2021; 69:158-170. [PMID: 34616108 PMCID: PMC8482386 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary intervention to prevent Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-gastric cancer might be ideal by long-term intervention, rejuvenating action, and no risk of bacterial resistance. Stimulated with finding that kimchi prevented H. pylori-gastric cancer, we compared the efficacy of cancer preventive kimchi (cpkimchi) and standard recipe kimchi (skimchi) and the efficacy between fermented kimchi and non-fermented kimchi (kimuchi) in H. pylori-initiated gastric cancer model and explored novel mechanisms hinted from RNAseq transcriptome analysis. Animal models assessing gastric pathology on 24 and 36 weeks after H. pylori initiated, salt diet-promoted gastric mutagenesis model showed fermented cpkimchi afforded the best outcome of either rejuvenating atrophic gastritis or inhibiting tumorigenesis compared to skimchi and kimuchi. Highest inhibition of atrophic gastritis was achieved with cpkimchi, while significantly lower in kimuchi. Transcriptomic analysis showed ameliorated-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, -oxidative stress, and -apoptosis as major rejuvenating action of cpkimchi. Homogenates from animal model showed that elevated expressions of p-PERK, IRE, ATF6, p-elf, and XBP1 in control group, while significantly decreased with dietary intake of only cpkimchi. Significantly increased expressions of HO-1 and γ-GCS were only noted with cpkimchi. Conclusively, long-term dietary intervention of fermented cpkimchi can be potential way preventing H. pylori-associated carcinogenesis via rejuvenation of atrophic gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Min Park
- Daejeon University School of Oriental Medicine, Daehak-ro 62, Dong-gu, Daejeon 34520, Korea
| | - Young Min Han
- Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, University-Industry Cooperate Building, 150 Bugahyeon-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03759, Korea
| | - Ji Young Oh
- CJ Food Research, CJ Blossom Park, Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16471, Korea
| | - Dong Yoon Lee
- CJ Food Research, CJ Blossom Park, Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16471, Korea
| | - Seung Hye Choi
- CJ Food Research, CJ Blossom Park, Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16471, Korea
| | - Seong Jin Kim
- Medpacto Research Institute, Medpacto Inc., 92, Myeongdal-ro, Sheocho-gu, Seoul 06668, Korea
| | - Ki Baik Hahm
- Medpacto Research Institute, Medpacto Inc., 92, Myeongdal-ro, Sheocho-gu, Seoul 06668, Korea
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144
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Mok DZL, Chan CYY, Ooi EE, Chan KR. The effects of aging on host resistance and disease tolerance to SARS-CoV-2 infection. FEBS J 2021; 288:5055-5070. [PMID: 33124149 PMCID: PMC8518758 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has triggered a large-scale pandemic that is afflicting millions of individuals in over 200 countries. The clinical spectrum caused by SARS-CoV-2 infections can range from asymptomatic infection to mild undifferentiated febrile illness to severe respiratory disease with multiple complications. Elderly patients (aged 60 and above) with comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus appear to be at highest risk of a severe disease outcome. To protect against pulmonary immunopathology caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, the host primarily depends on two distinct defense strategies: resistance and disease tolerance. Resistance is the ability of the host to suppress and eliminate incoming viruses. By contrast, disease tolerance refers to host responses that promote host health regardless of their impact on viral replication. Disruption of either resistance or disease tolerance mechanisms or both could underpin predisposition to elevated risk of severe disease during viral infection. Aging can disrupt host resistance and disease tolerance by compromising immune functions, weakening of the unfolded protein response, progressive mitochondrial dysfunction, and altering metabolic processes. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying declining host defense in elderly individuals could thus pave the way to provide new opportunities and approaches for the treatment of severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Z. L. Mok
- Emerging Infectious Diseases ProgramDuke‐NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
| | | | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Emerging Infectious Diseases ProgramDuke‐NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- Viral Research & Experimental Medicine Center @ SingHealth/Duke‐NUS (ViREMiCS)SingaporeSingapore
- Singapore‐MIT Alliance in Research and TechnologyAntimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research GroupSingaporeSingapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public HealthNational University of SingaporeSingapore
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Kuan Rong Chan
- Emerging Infectious Diseases ProgramDuke‐NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
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145
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Veglia F, Sanseviero E, Gabrilovich DI. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the era of increasing myeloid cell diversity. Nat Rev Immunol 2021; 21:485-498. [PMID: 33526920 PMCID: PMC7849958 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-00490-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 742] [Impact Index Per Article: 247.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are pathologically activated neutrophils and monocytes with potent immunosuppressive activity. They are implicated in the regulation of immune responses in many pathological conditions and are closely associated with poor clinical outcomes in cancer. Recent studies have indicated key distinctions between MDSCs and classical neutrophils and monocytes, and, in this Review, we discuss new data on the major genomic and metabolic characteristics of MDSCs. We explain how these characteristics shape MDSC function and could facilitate therapeutic targeting of these cells, particularly in cancer and in autoimmune diseases. Additionally, we briefly discuss emerging data on MDSC involvement in pregnancy, neonatal biology and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Veglia
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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146
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Gaudette BT, Allman D. Biochemical coordination of plasma cell genesis. Immunol Rev 2021; 303:52-61. [PMID: 34313339 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-secreting plasma cells are a central component of short- and long-term adaptive immunity. Yet, many fundamental questions about how activated B cells decide to yield functional plasma cells have yet to be answered. Likewise, the biochemical processes underpinning the ability of plasma cells to generate and secrete large numbers of antibodies, the capacity of some plasma cell to sustain antibody secretion, presumably without interruption, for decades, and the capacity of long-lived plasma cells to avoid apoptosis despite the high-energy demands associated with sustained robust antibody synthesis and secretion each remain mysterious processes. Our objective here is to review what is currently known about these processes with an emphasis on the earliest phases of plasma cell genesis. Along the way, we will work toward developing a model that ties the biochemistry of plasma cell function and survival. The chief idea imbedded in this model is that progress toward understanding plasma cell survival mechanisms may require increased focus on the unique cell autonomous processes inherent in plasma cell differentiation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Gaudette
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Allman
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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147
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Ma M, Li H, Wang P, Yang W, Mi R, Zhuang J, Jiang Y, Lu Y, Shen X, Wu Y, Shen H. ATF6 aggravates angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling during ankylosing spondylitis by mediating FGF2 expression in chondrocytes. iScience 2021; 24:102791. [PMID: 34296071 PMCID: PMC8281657 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling is important in ankylosing spondylitis (AS), therapeutic agents targeting the vasculature remain elusive. Here, we identified activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) as an important regulator of angiogenesis in the pathogenesis of AS. First, we found that ATF6 and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) levels were higher in SKG mice and in cartilage of pateints with AS1. The proangiogenic activity of human chondrocytes was enhanced by the activation of the ATF6-FGF2 axis following 7 days of stimulation with inflammatory factors, e.g., tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) or interleukin-17 (IL-17). Mechanistically, ATF6 interacted with the FGF2 promotor and promoted its transcription. Treatment with the ATF6 inhibitor Ceapin-A7 inhibited angiogenesis in vitro and angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling in vivo. ATF6 may aggravate angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling during AS by mediating FGF2 transcription in chondrocytes, implying that ATF6 represents a promising therapeutic target for AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, China
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, China
| | - Rujia Mi
- Center for Biotherapy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, China
| | - Jiahao Zhuang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, China
| | - Yuhang Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, China
| | - Yixuan Lu
- Center for Biotherapy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, China
| | - Yanfeng Wu
- Center for Biotherapy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, China
| | - Huiyong Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
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148
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He S, Fu T, Yu Y, Liang Q, Li L, Liu J, Zhang X, Zhou Q, Guo Q, Xu D, Chen Y, Wang X, Chen Y, Liu J, Gan Z, Liu Y. IRE1α regulates skeletal muscle regeneration through Myostatin mRNA decay. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:143737. [PMID: 34283807 PMCID: PMC8409588 DOI: 10.1172/jci143737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle can undergo a regenerative process from injury or disease to preserve muscle mass and function, which is critically influenced by cellular stress responses. Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) is an ancient endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress sensor and mediates a key branch of the unfolded protein response (UPR). In mammals, IRE1α is implicated in the homeostatic control of stress responses during tissue injury and regeneration. Here, we show that IRE1α serves as a myogenic regulator in skeletal muscle regeneration in response to injury and muscular dystrophy. We found in mice that IRE1α was activated during injury-induced muscle regeneration, and muscle-specific IRE1α ablation resulted in impaired regeneration upon cardiotoxin-induced injury. Gain- and loss-of-function studies in myocytes demonstrated that IRE1αacts to sustain both differentiation in myoblasts and hypertrophy in myotubes through regulated IRE1-dependent decay (RIDD) of mRNA encoding Myostatin, a key negative regulator of muscle repair and growth. Furthermore, in the mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), loss of muscle IRE1α resulted in augmented Myostatin signaling and exacerbated the dystrophic phenotypes. Thus, these results reveal a pivotal role for the RIDD output of IRE1α in muscle regeneration, offering new insight into potential therapeutic strategies for muscle loss diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqi He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Department of Spine Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Division of Ophthalmology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qinhao Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Luyao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Department of Spine Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Department of Spine Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiqi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Department of Spine Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dengqiu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Department of Spine Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yulin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jianmiao Liu
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenji Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Department of Spine Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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149
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Park SM, Kang TI, So JS. Roles of XBP1s in Transcriptional Regulation of Target Genes. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070791. [PMID: 34356855 PMCID: PMC8301375 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The spliced form of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1s) is an active transcription factor that plays a vital role in the unfolded protein response (UPR). Under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, unspliced Xbp1 mRNA is cleaved by the activated stress sensor IRE1α and converted to the mature form encoding spliced XBP1 (XBP1s). Translated XBP1s migrates to the nucleus and regulates the transcriptional programs of UPR target genes encoding ER molecular chaperones, folding enzymes, and ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) components to decrease ER stress. Moreover, studies have shown that XBP1s regulates the transcription of diverse genes that are involved in lipid and glucose metabolism and immune responses. Therefore, XBP1s has been considered an important therapeutic target in studying various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. XBP1s is involved in several unique mechanisms to regulate the transcription of different target genes by interacting with other proteins to modulate their activity. Although recent studies discovered numerous target genes of XBP1s via genome-wide analyses, how XBP1s regulates their transcription remains unclear. This review discusses the roles of XBP1s in target genes transcriptional regulation. More in-depth knowledge of XBP1s target genes and transcriptional regulatory mechanisms in the future will help develop new therapeutic targets for each disease.
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150
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Shao Y, Saredy J, Xu K, Sun Y, Saaoud F, Drummer C, Lu Y, Luo JJ, Lopez-Pastrana J, Choi ET, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang X. Endothelial Immunity Trained by Coronavirus Infections, DAMP Stimulations and Regulated by Anti-Oxidant NRF2 May Contribute to Inflammations, Myelopoiesis, COVID-19 Cytokine Storms and Thromboembolism. Front Immunol 2021; 12:653110. [PMID: 34248940 PMCID: PMC8269631 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.653110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To characterize transcriptomic changes in endothelial cells (ECs) infected by coronaviruses, and stimulated by DAMPs, the expressions of 1311 innate immune regulatomic genes (IGs) were examined in 28 EC microarray datasets with 7 monocyte datasets as controls. We made the following findings: The majority of IGs are upregulated in the first 12 hours post-infection (PI), and maintained until 48 hours PI in human microvascular EC infected by middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) (an EC model for COVID-19). The expressions of IGs are modulated in 21 human EC transcriptomic datasets by various PAMPs/DAMPs, including LPS, LPC, shear stress, hyperlipidemia and oxLDL. Upregulation of many IGs such as nucleic acid sensors are shared between ECs infected by MERS-CoV and those stimulated by PAMPs and DAMPs. Human heart EC and mouse aortic EC express all four types of coronavirus receptors such as ANPEP, CEACAM1, ACE2, DPP4 and virus entry facilitator TMPRSS2 (heart EC); most of coronavirus replication-transcription protein complexes are expressed in HMEC, which contribute to viremia, thromboembolism, and cardiovascular comorbidities of COVID-19. ECs have novel trained immunity (TI), in which subsequent inflammation is enhanced. Upregulated proinflammatory cytokines such as TNFα, IL6, CSF1 and CSF3 and TI marker IL-32 as well as TI metabolic enzymes and epigenetic enzymes indicate TI function in HMEC infected by MERS-CoV, which may drive cytokine storms. Upregulated CSF1 and CSF3 demonstrate a novel function of ECs in promoting myelopoiesis. Mechanistically, the ER stress and ROS, together with decreased mitochondrial OXPHOS complexes, facilitate a proinflammatory response and TI. Additionally, an increase of the regulators of mitotic catastrophe cell death, apoptosis, ferroptosis, inflammasomes-driven pyroptosis in ECs infected with MERS-CoV and the upregulation of pro-thrombogenic factors increase thromboembolism potential. Finally, NRF2-suppressed ROS regulate innate immune responses, TI, thrombosis, EC inflammation and death. These transcriptomic results provide novel insights on the roles of ECs in coronavirus infections such as COVID-19, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), inflammation, transplantation, autoimmune disease and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shao
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jason Saredy
- Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Keman Xu
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yu Sun
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Charles Drummer
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yifan Lu
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jin J Luo
- Neurology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jahaira Lopez-Pastrana
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Eric T Choi
- Surgery, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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