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Martinsen A, Dessy C, Morel N. Regulation of calcium channels in smooth muscle: new insights into the role of myosin light chain kinase. Channels (Austin) 2015; 8:402-13. [PMID: 25483583 DOI: 10.4161/19336950.2014.950537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) plays a crucial role in artery contraction, which regulates blood pressure and blood flow distribution. In addition to this role, MLCK contributes to Ca(2+) flux regulation in vascular smooth muscle (VSM) and in non-muscle cells, where cytoskeleton has been suggested to help Ca(2+) channels trafficking. This conclusion is based on the use of pharmacological inhibitors of MLCK and molecular and cellular techniques developed to down-regulate the enzyme. Dissimilarities have been observed between cells and whole tissues, as well as between large conductance and small resistance arteries. A differential expression in MLCK and ion channels (either voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels or non-selective cationic channels) could account for these observations, and is in line with the functional properties of the arteries. A potential involvement of MLCK in the pathways modulating Ca(2+) entry in VSM is described in the present review.
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Key Words
- CaM, calmodulin
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- MLCK, myosin light chain kinase
- Myosin light chain kinase
- ROC, receptor-operated Ca2+ (channel)
- SMC, smooth muscle cell
- SOC, store-operated Ca2+ (channel)
- SR, sarcoplasmic reticulum
- TRP
- TRP, transient receptor potential (channel)
- VOC, voltage-operated Ca2+ (channel)
- VSM, vascular smooth muscle
- VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cell
- [Ca2+]cyt, cytosolic Ca2+ concentration
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
- vascular smooth muscle
- voltage-dependent calcium channels
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martinsen
- a Cell physiology; IoNS; UCLouvain ; Brussels , Belgium
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Randhawa PK, Jaggi AS. TRPV4 channels: physiological and pathological role in cardiovascular system. Basic Res Cardiol 2015; 110:54. [PMID: 26415881 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-015-0512-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
TRPV4 channels are non-selective cation channels permeable to Ca(2+), Na(+), and Mg(2+) ions. Recently, TRPV4 channels have received considerable attention as these channels are widely expressed in the cardiovascular system including endothelial cells, cardiac fibroblasts, vascular smooth muscles, and peri-vascular nerves. Therefore, these channels possibly play a pivotal role in the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis. TRPV4 channels critically regulate flow-induced arteriogenesis, TGF-β1-induced differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, and heart failure-induced pulmonary edema. These channels also mediate hypoxia-induced increase in proliferation and migration of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and progression of pulmonary hypertension. These channels also maintain flow-induced vasodilation and preserve vascular function by directly activating Ca(2+)-dependent KCa channels. Furthermore, these may also induce vasodilation and maintain blood pressure indirectly by evoking the release of NO, CGRP, and substance P. The present review discusses the evidences and the potential mechanisms implicated in diverse responses including arteriogenesis, cardiac remodeling, congestive heart failure-induced pulmonary edema, pulmonary hypertension, flow-induced dilation, regulation of blood pressure, and hypoxic preconditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Kaur Randhawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, Patiala, 147002, India
| | - Amteshwar Singh Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, Patiala, 147002, India.
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Bencze M, Behuliak M, Vavřínová A, Zicha J. Broad-range TRP channel inhibitors (2-APB, flufenamic acid, SKF-96365) affect differently contraction of resistance and conduit femoral arteries of rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 765:533-40. [PMID: 26384458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are proposed to contribute to membrane depolarization and Ca2+ influx into vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells. Our aim was to study the effects of widely used broad-range TRP channel inhibitors--2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), flufenamic acid (FFA) and SKF-96365--on the contraction of freshly isolated small and large arteries. Endothelium-denuded resistance (≈250 µm) and conduit (≈1000 µm) femoral arteries were isolated from adult Wistar rats and mounted in wire myograph. The effects of the above mentioned TRP channel inhibitors and voltage-dependent calcium channel inhibitor nifedipine were studied on arterial contractions induced by phenylephrine, U-46619 or K+. Phenylephrine-induced contractions were also studied in the absence of extracellular Na+. mRNA expression of particular canonical and melastatin TRP channel subunits in femoral vascular bed was determined. TRP channel inhibitors attenuated K+-induced contraction less than nifedipine. Phenylephrine-induced contraction was more influenced by 2-APB in resistance arteries, while FFA completely prevented U-46619-induced contraction in both sizes of arteries. The absence of extracellular Na+ prevented the inhibitory effects of 2-APB, but not those of FFA. The observed effects of broad-range TRP channel inhibitors, which were dependent on the size of the artery, confirmed the involvement of TRP channels in agonist-induced contractions. The inhibitory effects of 2-APB (but not those of FFA or SKF-96365) were dependent on the presence of extracellular Na+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Bencze
- Department of Experimental Hypertension, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Behuliak
- Department of Experimental Hypertension, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Vavřínová
- Department of Experimental Hypertension, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Zicha
- Department of Experimental Hypertension, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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104
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Opposing actions of TRPV4 channel activation in the lung vasculature. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2015; 219:43-50. [PMID: 26282788 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) calcium channels are known to promote endothelium-dependent relaxation of mouse mesenteric arteries but TRPV4's role in the pulmonary vasculature is uncertain. Thus, we characterized TRPV4 channel vascular tone regulation in mouse main pulmonary artery rings and in the isolated perfused pulmonary circulation and studied possible mechanisms behind these characterizations. METHODS AND RESULTS Using myography and a TRPV4 specific agonist GSK1016790A in a C57BL/6 WT mouse model of isolated constant-flow lung perfusion, we studied vascular tone regulation in arterial rings from the main left and right pulmonary arteries and vascular resistance of the intra-pulmonary circulation beyond the second branches of the pulmonary arteries. Removal of the endothelium confirmed endothelial dependence. GSK1016790A relaxed the main pulmonary artery (EC50 4 × 10(-8)mol/L), which was inhibited by removal of the endothelium from main pulmonary artery rings. GSK1016790A significantly increased vascular resistance of the pulmonary circulation in isolated perfused lungs, but these effects were inhibited by a TRPV4 antagonist AB159908. A nitric oxide inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and K(+) channel blockers apamin plus charybdotoxin (ChTx) significantly inhibited GSK1016790A in the main pulmonary artery and in an isolated perfused lung in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Activated TRPV4 channels increase pulmonary vascular resistance and vasodilate the main pulmonary artery.
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Smani T, Shapovalov G, Skryma R, Prevarskaya N, Rosado JA. Functional and physiopathological implications of TRP channels. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:1772-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Vervloet MG, Adema AY, Larsson TE, Massy ZA. The role of klotho on vascular calcification and endothelial function in chronic kidney disease. Semin Nephrol 2015; 34:578-85. [PMID: 25498377 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent insights into novel roles of klotho in vascular biology make this primarily kidney-derived protein a possible candidate to form a link between chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Typical features of vascular dysfunction or structural abnormalities in the arterial wall are exacerbated in klotho-deficient states. Reported klotho functions include inhibition of local phosphate transport in vascular cells, phenotypic switches of vascular cellular elements into bone-forming cells, attenuation of matrix mineralization and calcification, and also preservation of endothelial functional properties and viability. To a large extent these insights rely on animal models of kidney or cardiovascular diseases. In this review the current state of knowledge on these issues is summarized, and we aim to provide a possible new perspective on cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc G Vervloet
- Department of Nephrology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Research VU (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Aaltje Y Adema
- Department of Nephrology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias E Larsson
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Renal Unit, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Nephrology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ziad A Massy
- Inserm U-1088, University of Picardie Jules verne (UPJV), Amiens, France; Division of Nephrology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, Paris-Ile-de-France-Ouest University (University of Versailles Saint Quentin (UVSQ)), Paris-Boulogne Billancourt, France
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107
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Inhibition of TRPM7 Attenuates Rat Aortic Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation Induced by Angiotensin II. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2015; 66:16-24. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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108
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Kecskés M, Jacobs G, Kerselaers S, Syam N, Menigoz A, Vangheluwe P, Freichel M, Flockerzi V, Voets T, Vennekens R. The Ca(2+)-activated cation channel TRPM4 is a negative regulator of angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Basic Res Cardiol 2015; 110:43. [PMID: 26043922 PMCID: PMC4456993 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-015-0501-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac muscle adapts to hemodynamic stress by altering myocyte size and function, resulting in cardiac hypertrophy. Alteration in myocyte calcium homeostasis is known to be an initial signal in cardiac hypertrophy signaling. Transient receptor potential melastatin 4 protein (TRPM4) is a calcium-activated non-selective cation channel, which plays a role in regulating calcium influx and calcium-dependent cell functions in many cell types including cardiomyocytes. Selective deletion of TRPM4 from the heart muscle in mice resulted in an increased hypertrophic growth after chronic angiotensin (AngII) treatment, compared to WT mice. The enhanced hypertrophic response was also traceable by the increased expression of hypertrophy-related genes like Rcan1, ANP, and α-Actin. Intracellular calcium measurements on isolated ventricular myocytes showed significantly increased store-operated calcium entry upon AngII treatment in myocytes lacking the TRPM4 channel. Elevated intracellular calcium is a key factor in the development of pathological cardiac hypertrophy, leading to the activation of intracellular signaling pathways. In agreement with this, we observed significantly higher Rcan1 mRNA level, calcineurin enzyme activity and protein level in lysates from TRPM4-deficient mice heart compared to WT after AngII treatment. Collectively, these observations are consistent with a model in which TRPM4 is a regulator of calcium homeostasis in cardiomyocytes after AngII stimulation. TRPM4 contributes to the regulation of driving force for store-operated calcium entry and thereby the activation of the calcineurin–NFAT pathway and the development of pathological hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Kecskés
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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109
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Earley S, Brayden JE. Transient receptor potential channels in the vasculature. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:645-90. [PMID: 25834234 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00026.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian genome encodes 28 distinct members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily of cation channels, which exhibit varying degrees of selectivity for different ionic species. Multiple TRP channels are present in all cells and are involved in diverse aspects of cellular function, including sensory perception and signal transduction. Notably, TRP channels are involved in regulating vascular function and pathophysiology, the focus of this review. TRP channels in vascular smooth muscle cells participate in regulating contractility and proliferation, whereas endothelial TRP channel activity is an important contributor to endothelium-dependent vasodilation, vascular wall permeability, and angiogenesis. TRP channels are also present in perivascular sensory neurons and astrocytic endfeet proximal to cerebral arterioles, where they participate in the regulation of vascular tone. Almost all of these functions are mediated by changes in global intracellular Ca(2+) levels or subcellular Ca(2+) signaling events. In addition to directly mediating Ca(2+) entry, TRP channels influence intracellular Ca(2+) dynamics through membrane depolarization associated with the influx of cations or through receptor- or store-operated mechanisms. Dysregulation of TRP channels is associated with vascular-related pathologies, including hypertension, neointimal injury, ischemia-reperfusion injury, pulmonary edema, and neurogenic inflammation. In this review, we briefly consider general aspects of TRP channel biology and provide an in-depth discussion of the functions of TRP channels in vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and perivascular cells under normal and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Earley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada; and Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Joseph E Brayden
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada; and Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
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110
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Hill-Eubanks DC, Gonzales AL, Sonkusare SK, Nelson MT. Vascular TRP channels: performing under pressure and going with the flow. Physiology (Bethesda) 2015; 29:343-60. [PMID: 25180264 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00009.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells of resistance arteries mediate opposing responses to mechanical forces acting on the vasculature, promoting dilation in response to flow and constriction in response to pressure, respectively. In this review, we explore the role of TRP channels, particularly endothelial TRPV4 and smooth muscle TRPC6 and TRPM4 channels, in vascular mechanosensing circuits, placing their putative mechanosensitivity in context with other proposed upstream and downstream signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Albert L Gonzales
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | | | - Mark T Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
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111
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Participation of the TRP channel in the cardiovascular effects induced by carvacrol in normotensive rat. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 67-69:48-58. [PMID: 25869504 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carvacrol has been described as an agonist/antagonist of different transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and voltage-dependent calcium channels (Cavs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of Cav and TRP channels following carvacrol stimulation. Initially, in mesenteric artery rings carvacrol relaxed phenylephrine-induced contractions. Furthermore, carvacrol inhibited contraction elicited by CaCl2 in depolarizing nominally without Ca2+ medium and antagonized the contractions induced by S(-)-Bay K 8644 and inhibited Ca2+ currents indicating the inhibition of Ca2+ influx through L-type Cav. Additionally, carvacrol antagonized the contractions induced by CaCl2 in the presence of nifedipine/Cyclopiazonic acid/phenylephrine or nifedipine/Cyclopiazonic acid/KCl 60, suggesting a possible inhibition of calcium influx by store operated channels (SOCs), receptor operated channels (ROCs) and/or TRP channels. Interestingly, among the TRP channel blockers used, the effect induced by carvacrol was attenuated by Mg2+ and potentiated by La3+ and Gd3+, suggesting that TRP channels are involved in relaxation induced by carvacrol. Monoterpene also induced hypotension and bradycardia in non-anesthetized normotensive rats and negative inotropic and chronotropic effects. In conclusion, these results suggest that the hypotensive effect of carvacrol is probably due to bradycardia and a peripheral vasodilatation that involves, at least, the inhibition of the Ca2+ influx through Cav and TRP channels.
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Abstract
Intrarenal autoregulatory mechanisms maintain renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) independent of renal perfusion pressure (RPP) over a defined range (80-180 mmHg). Such autoregulation is mediated largely by the myogenic and the macula densa-tubuloglomerular feedback (MD-TGF) responses that regulate preglomerular vasomotor tone primarily of the afferent arteriole. Differences in response times allow separation of these mechanisms in the time and frequency domains. Mechanotransduction initiating the myogenic response requires a sensing mechanism activated by stretch of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and coupled to intracellular signaling pathways eliciting plasma membrane depolarization and a rise in cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)]i). Proposed mechanosensors include epithelial sodium channels (ENaC), integrins, and/or transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. Increased [Ca(2+)]i occurs predominantly by Ca(2+) influx through L-type voltage-operated Ca(2+) channels (VOCC). Increased [Ca(2+)]i activates inositol trisphosphate receptors (IP3R) and ryanodine receptors (RyR) to mobilize Ca(2+) from sarcoplasmic reticular stores. Myogenic vasoconstriction is sustained by increased Ca(2+) sensitivity, mediated by protein kinase C and Rho/Rho-kinase that favors a positive balance between myosin light-chain kinase and phosphatase. Increased RPP activates MD-TGF by transducing a signal of epithelial MD salt reabsorption to adjust afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction. A combination of vascular and tubular mechanisms, novel to the kidney, provides for high autoregulatory efficiency that maintains RBF and GFR, stabilizes sodium excretion, and buffers transmission of RPP to sensitive glomerular capillaries, thereby protecting against hypertensive barotrauma. A unique aspect of the myogenic response in the renal vasculature is modulation of its strength and speed by the MD-TGF and by a connecting tubule glomerular feedback (CT-GF) mechanism. Reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide are modulators of myogenic and MD-TGF mechanisms. Attenuated renal autoregulation contributes to renal damage in many, but not all, models of renal, diabetic, and hypertensive diseases. This review provides a summary of our current knowledge regarding underlying mechanisms enabling renal autoregulation in health and disease and methods used for its study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Carlström
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC Kidney Center, and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Christopher S Wilcox
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC Kidney Center, and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - William J Arendshorst
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC Kidney Center, and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Zheng LR, Zhang YY, Han J, Sun ZW, Zhou SX, Zhao WT, Wang LH. Nerve growth factor rescues diabetic mice heart after ischemia/reperfusion injury via up-regulation of the TRPV1 receptor. J Diabetes Complications 2015; 29:323-8. [PMID: 25650182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Nerve growth factor (NGF), a member of the neurotrophin family, plays an essential role in diabetic neuropathy and ischemic heart disease. In the present study, we explored the potential role of NGF and the involvement of TRPV1 receptor in isolated diabetic mouse hearts following ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS Adenovirus-mediated NGF gene delivery was performed on diabetic and sham hearts 8weeks after streptozotocin treatment. The sciatic nerve conduction velocity was recorded using a biological signal acquisition system. Forty-eight hours after heart surgery, mice were subjected to I/R injury using a Langendorff system. Several cardiac parameters and the expression of associated molecules were analyzed during the experiment. RESULTS The sciatic nerve conduction velocity was reduced in diabetic mice compared with that in control mice. Decreased expression of NGF, TRPV1, and the downstream neurotransmitters CGRP and SP was observed in the diabetic hearts. Adenovirus-mediated NGF overexpression reversed the reduction in TRPV1 and downstream neuropeptides, resulting in improved cardiac recovery post-I/R injury in diabetic hearts. The protective effect of NGF was abolished by CGRP8-37 (a selective CGRP antagonist), while it was preserved by low-dose capsaicin. CONCLUSIONS The NGF-induced up-regulation of TRPV1 via the increased synthesis and release of endogenous CGRP leads to improved cardiac performance in I/R-injured diabetic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Rong Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jie Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Ze-Wei Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Shi-Xian Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Wen-Ting Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Li-Hong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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Activation of TRPM3 by a potent synthetic ligand reveals a role in peptide release. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E1363-72. [PMID: 25733887 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1419845112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channel subfamily M member 3 (TRPM3), a member of the TRP channel superfamily, was recently identified as a nociceptor channel in the somatosensory system, where it is involved in the detection of noxious heat; however, owing to the lack of potent and selective agonists, little is known about other potential physiological consequences of the opening of TRPM3. Here we identify and characterize a synthetic TRPM3 activator, CIM0216, whose potency and apparent affinity greatly exceeds that of the canonical TRPM3 agonist, pregnenolone sulfate (PS). In particular, a single application of CIM0216 causes opening of both the central calcium-conducting pore and the alternative cation permeation pathway in a membrane-delimited manner. CIM0216 evoked robust calcium influx in TRPM3-expressing somatosensory neurons, and intradermal injection of the compound induced a TRPM3-dependent nocifensive behavior. Moreover, CIM0216 elicited the release of the peptides calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) from sensory nerve terminals and insulin from isolated pancreatic islets in a TRPM3-dependent manner. These experiments identify CIM0216 as a powerful tool for use in investigating the physiological roles of TRPM3, and indicate that TRPM3 activation in sensory nerve endings can contribute to neurogenic inflammation.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal fibrosis is a frequent complication of Crohn's disease (CD) and often leads to detrimental stricture formation. Myofibroblasts play active roles in mediating fibrotic changes in various tissues. We investigated whether transient receptor potential channels in intestinal myofibroblasts are involved in CD-associated intestinal fibrosis. METHODS An intestinal myofibroblast cell line (InMyoFibs) was stimulated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) to model excessive fibrosis. Biopsy samples from nonstenotic or stenotic intestinal regions from patients with CD were used for quantitative comparisons of transient receptor potential channel and fibrosis-associated factor expression levels. RESULTS TGF-β1 treatment transformed spindle-shaped InMyoFibs into filament-shaped cells with enhanced α-actin stress fiber formation, transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) 4 and TRPC6 messenger RNA and protein expression, and basal- and agonist-induced Ca influxes. TGF-β1 also enhanced the formation of TRPC6/smooth muscle α-actin, TRPC6/N-cadherin, and TRPC4/N-cadherin coimmunoprecipitates. Inhibition of TRPC6 in InMyoFibs by RNA interference or dominant-negative mutations suppressed TGF-β1-induced Ca influxes, stress fiber formation, and smooth muscle α-actin expression, but increased COL1A1, interleukin (IL)-10, and IL-11 expression, as well as Smad-2, ERK, and p38-MAPK phosphorylation. Similar increases in phosphorylation levels were observed with TRPC and calcineurin inhibitors. In stenotic areas in patients with CD, TRPC6, ACTA2 (smooth muscle α-actin), CDH2 (N-cadherin), COL1A1, IL-10, and IL-11 were significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that augmented Ca influxes due to TRPC6 upregulation facilitate stress fiber formation and strengthen cell-cell interactions by negatively regulating the synthesis of antifibrotic factors in TGF-β1-treated myofibroblasts. Similar changes observed in stenotic areas of patients with CD suggest the therapeutic significance of targeting TRPC6.
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The role of TRPV1 in improving VSMC function and attenuating hypertension. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 117:212-216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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117
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Pousada G, Baloira A, Valverde D. Molecular and clinical analysis of TRPC6 and AGTR1 genes in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2015; 10:1. [PMID: 25603901 PMCID: PMC4307182 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-014-0216-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare and progressive vascular disorder characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance and right heart failure. The aim of this study was to analyze 5'UTR region in canonical transient receptor potential isoform 6 (TRPC6) and 3'UTR region in Angiotensin II type I receptor (AGTR1) genes in patients with idiopathic and associated PAH. Correlation among mutations and clinical and functional parameters was further analyzed. METHODS Analysis of TRPC6 and AGTR1 genes was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing. We used a non-parametric test to determine if significant differences were found between the groups studied and chi-square test to compare clinical and hemodynamic variables among genotypes. RESULTS Fifty five patients and fifty two controls were included in this study. We found statistically significant differences for c.1-361A > T (p = 0.0077), c.1-254C > G (p < 0.0001) and c.1-218C > T (p = 0.0021) in TRPC6 gene and c.1166A > C (p < 0.001) in AGTR1 gene, between patients and controls. Idiopathic PAH patients (IPAH) and controls presented significant differences for all 3 TRPC6 polymorphisms (p = 0.020), (p = 0.002) and (p = 0.008) respectively, and also showed differences for AGTR1 gene (p < 0.001). In associated PAH (APAH) patients we found statistical differences for c.1-254C > G (p < 0.001) and c.1-218C > T (p = 0.001) in TRPC6 gene and c.1166A > C (p = 0.001) in AGTR1 gene. Several clinical and hemodynamic parameters showed significant differences between carriers and non-carriers of these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Nineteen patients were carriers of all 3 SNPs in TRPC6 gene and presented a more severe phenotype with differences in mean pulmonary arterial pressure (p = 0.016), systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (p = 0.040), cardiac index (p < 0.001) and 6 minute walking test (p = 0.049). 16 of these patients harbored the SNP in AGTR1 gene. These patients showed differences in age at diagnosis (p = 0.049), mean pulmonary arterial pressure (p = 0.033), cardiac index (p = 0.002) and 6 minute walking test (p = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS PAH is a rare disease with pulmonary vascular remodeling caused in part by a heterogeneous constellation of genetic arrangements. This study seems to suggest that c.1-361A > T, c.1-254C > G and c.1-218C > T polymorphisms in TRPC6 gene and c.1166A > C polymorphism in AGTR1 could have a role in the development of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Pousada
- Department Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas Marcosende S/N, 36310, Vigo, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo (IBIV), Vigo, Spain.
| | - Adolfo Baloira
- Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Pontevedra, Servicio de Neumología, Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - Diana Valverde
- Department Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas Marcosende S/N, 36310, Vigo, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo (IBIV), Vigo, Spain.
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118
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Inoue K, O'Bryant Z, Xiong ZG. Zinc-permeable ion channels: effects on intracellular zinc dynamics and potential physiological/pathophysiological significance. Curr Med Chem 2015; 22:1248-57. [PMID: 25666796 PMCID: PMC4363167 DOI: 10.2174/0929867322666150209153750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn(2+)) is one of the most important trace metals in the body. It is necessary for the normal function of a large number of protein s including enzymes and transcription factors. While extracellular fluid may contain up to micromolar Zn(2+), intracellular Zn(2+) concentration is generally maintained at a subnanomolar level; this steep gradient across the cell membrane is primarily attributable to Zn(2+) extrusion by Zn(2+) transporting systems. Interestingly, systematic investigation has revealed that activities, previously believed to be dependent on calcium (Ca(2+)), may be partially mediated by Zn(2+). This is also supported by new findings that some Ca(2+)-permeable channels such as voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs), N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDA), and amino-3- hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate receptors (AMPA-Rs) are also permeable to Zn(2+). Thus, the importance of Zn(2+) in physiological and pathophysiological processes is now more widely appreciated. In this review, we describe Zn(2+)- permeable membrane molecules, especially Zn(2+)-permeable ion channels, in intracellular Zn(2+)dynamics and Zn(2+) mediated physiology/pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Inoue
- Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA.
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Chung S, Kim YH, Joeng JH, Ahn DS. Transient receptor potential c4/5 like channel is involved in stretch-induced spontaneous uterine contraction of pregnant rat. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 18:503-8. [PMID: 25598665 PMCID: PMC4296040 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.6.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous myometrial contraction (SMC) in pregnant uterus is greatly related with gestational age and growing in frequency and amplitude toward the end of gestation to initiate labor. But, an accurate mechanism has not been elucidated. In human and rat uterus, all TRPCs except TRPC2 are expressed in pregnant myometrium and among them, TRPC4 are predominant throughout gestation, suggesting a possible role in regulation of SMC. Therefore, we investigated whether the TRP channel may be involved SMC evoked by mechanical stretch in pregnant myometrial strips of rat using isometric tension measurement and patch-clamp technique. In the present results, hypoosmotic cell swelling activated a potent outward rectifying current in G protein-dependent manner in rat pregnant myocyte. The current was significantly potentiated by 1µM lanthanides (a potent TRPC4/5 stimulator) and suppressed by 10µM 2-APB (TRPC4-7 inhibitor). In addition, in isometric tension experiment, SMC which was evoked by passive stretch was greatly potentiated by lanthanide (1µM) and suppressed by 2-APB (10µM), suggesting a possible involvement of TRPC4/5 channel in regulation of SMC in pregnant myometrium. These results provide a possible cellular mechanism for regulation of SMC during pregnancy and provide basic information for developing a new agent for treatment of premature labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungsoo Chung
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Young-Hwan Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Joeng
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Duck-Sun Ahn
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
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120
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Reducing TRPC1 Expression through Liposome-Mediated siRNA Delivery Markedly Attenuates Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in a Murine Model. Stem Cells Int 2014; 2014:316214. [PMID: 25587286 PMCID: PMC4281407 DOI: 10.1155/2014/316214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that Lipofectamine siRNA delivery to deplete transient receptor potential cation channel (TRPC) 1 protein expression can suppress hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in mice. Adult male C57BL/6 mice were equally divided into group 1 (normal controls), group 2 (hypoxia), and group 3 (hypoxia + siRNA TRPC1). By day 28, right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), number of muscularized arteries, right ventricle (RV), and lung weights were increased in group 2 than in group 1 and reduced in group 3 compared with group 2. Pulmonary crowded score showed similar pattern, whereas number of alveolar sacs exhibited an opposite pattern compared to that of RVSP in all groups. Protein expressions of TRPCs, HIF-1α, Ku-70, apoptosis, and fibrosis and pulmonary mRNA expressions of inflammatory markers were similar pattern, whereas protein expressions of antifibrosis and VEGF were opposite to the pattern of RVSP. Cellular markers of pulmonary DNA damage, repair, and smooth muscle proliferation exhibited a pattern similar to that of RVSP. The mRNA expressions of proapoptotic and hypertrophy biomarkers displayed a similar pattern, whereas sarcomere length showed an opposite pattern compared to that of RVSP in all groups. Lipofectamine siRNA delivery effectively reduced TRPC1 expression, thereby attenuating PAH-associated RV and pulmonary arteriolar remodeling.
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121
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Randhawa PK, Jaggi AS. TRPV1 and TRPV4 channels: potential therapeutic targets for ischemic conditioning-induced cardioprotection. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 746:180-5. [PMID: 25449039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Besides the involvement of TRPV channels in exhibiting various cellular functions including thermoregulation, pain perception, maintenance of bone homeostasis and gastrointestinal function; certain studies have also implicated the putative role of these channels in mediating ischemic conditioning-induced cardioprotection. The potential role of TRPV1 channels in different forms of ischemic conditioning (pre/post/remote)-induced cardioprotection has been described by employing TRPV1 knockout mice and various pharmacological modulators. The cardioprotective effects of TRPV1 activation during ischemic conditioning have been linked with increased CGRP, substance P release and augmented ALOX expression. Furthermore, the role of TRPV4 channels in mediating preconditioning-induced preservation of vascular function in terms restoring NO- and further improving EDH(F)-mediated endothelial relaxation has been described. The present review discusses the putative role of TRPV1 and TRPV4 channels in mediating different forms of conditioning (pre/post/remote)-induced cardioprotection along with the possible mechanisms. Future perspectives have also been described to fully understand the cascade of signaling and contribution of TRPV channel activation during myocardial ischemic conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Kaur Randhawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India
| | - Amteshwar Singh Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India.
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122
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Nam S, Ryu H, Son WJ, Kim YH, Kim KT, Balch C, Nephew KP, Lee J. Mg2+ effect on argonaute and RNA duplex by molecular dynamics and bioinformatics implications. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109745. [PMID: 25330448 PMCID: PMC4201462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi), mediated by small non-coding RNAs (e.g., miRNAs, siRNAs), influences diverse cellular functions. Highly complementary miRNA-target RNA (or siRNA-target RNA) duplexes are recognized by an Argonaute family protein (Ago2), and recent observations indicate that the concentration of Mg2+ ions influences miRNA targeting of specific mRNAs, thereby modulating miRNA-mRNA networks. In the present report, we studied the thermodynamic effects of differential [Mg2+] on slicing (RNA silencing cycle) through molecular dynamics simulation analysis, and its subsequent statistical analysis. Those analyses revealed different structural conformations of the RNA duplex in Ago2, depending on Mg2+ concentration. We also demonstrate that cation effects on Ago2 structural flexibility are critical to its catalytic/functional activity, with low [Mg2+] favoring greater Ago2 flexibility (e.g., greater entropy) and less miRNA/mRNA duplex stability, thus favoring slicing. The latter finding was supported by a negative correlation between expression of an Mg2+ influx channel, TRPM7, and one miRNA’s (miR-378) ability to downregulate its mRNA target, TMEM245. These results imply that thermodynamics could be applied to siRNA-based therapeutic strategies, using highly complementary binding targets, because Ago2 is also involved in RNAi slicing by exogenous siRNAs. However, the efficacy of a siRNA-based approach will differ, to some extent, based on the Mg2+ concentration even within the same disease type; therefore, different siRNA-based approaches might be considered for patient-to-patient needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyoon Nam
- Cancer Genomics Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Kyunggi-do, Korea
| | - Hyojung Ryu
- Korean Bioinformation Center (KOBIC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Sciences and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Won-joon Son
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yon Hui Kim
- Next Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Kyunggi-do, Korea
| | - Kyung Tae Kim
- Molecular Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Kyunggi-do, Korea
| | - Curt Balch
- Bioscience Advising, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Kenneth P. Nephew
- Medical Science Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jinhyuk Lee
- Korean Bioinformation Center (KOBIC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Sciences and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Itsuki K, Imai Y, Hase H, Okamura Y, Inoue R, Mori MX. PLC-mediated PI(4,5)P2 hydrolysis regulates activation and inactivation of TRPC6/7 channels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 143:183-201. [PMID: 24470487 PMCID: PMC4001779 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201311033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential classical (or canonical) (TRPC)3, TRPC6, and TRPC7 are a subfamily of TRPC channels activated by diacylglycerol (DAG) produced through the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) by phospholipase C (PLC). PI(4,5)P2 depletion by a heterologously expressed phosphatase inhibits TRPC3, TRPC6, and TRPC7 activity independently of DAG; however, the physiological role of PI(4,5)P2 reduction on channel activity remains unclear. We used Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) to measure PI(4,5)P2 or DAG dynamics concurrently with TRPC6 or TRPC7 currents after agonist stimulation of receptors that couple to Gq and thereby activate PLC. Measurements made at different levels of receptor activation revealed a correlation between the kinetics of PI(4,5)P2 reduction and those of receptor-operated TRPC6 and TRPC7 current activation and inactivation. In contrast, DAG production correlated with channel activation but not inactivation; moreover, the time course of channel inactivation was unchanged in protein kinase C-insensitive mutants. These results suggest that inactivation of receptor-operated TRPC currents is primarily mediated by the dissociation of PI(4,5)P2. We determined the functional dissociation constant of PI(4,5)P2 to TRPC channels using FRET of the PLCδ Pleckstrin homology domain (PHd), which binds PI(4,5)P2, and used this constant to fit our experimental data to a model in which channel gating is controlled by PI(4,5)P2 and DAG. This model predicted similar FRET dynamics of the PHd to measured FRET in either human embryonic kidney cells or smooth muscle cells, whereas a model lacking PI(4,5)P2 regulation failed to reproduce the experimental data, confirming the inhibitory role of PI(4,5)P2 depletion on TRPC currents. Our model also explains various PLC-dependent characteristics of channel activity, including limitation of maximum open probability, shortening of the peak time, and the bell-shaped response of total current. In conclusion, our studies demonstrate a fundamental role for PI(4,5)P2 in regulating TRPC6 and TRPC7 activity triggered by PLC-coupled receptor stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Itsuki
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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Oguri G, Nakajima T, Yamamoto Y, Takano N, Tanaka T, Kikuchi H, Morita T, Nakamura F, Yamasoba T, Komuro I. Effects of methylglyoxal on human cardiac fibroblast: roles of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channels. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H1339-52. [PMID: 25172898 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01021.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiac remodeling. Methylglyoxal (MG) is an endogenous carbonyl compound produced under hyperglycemic conditions, which may play a role in the development of pathophysiological conditions including diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, the mechanism by which this occurs and the molecular targets of MG are unclear. We investigated the effects of MG on Ca(2+) signals, its underlying mechanism, and cell cycle progression/cell differentiation in human cardiac fibroblasts. The conventional and quantitative real-time RT-PCR, Western blot, immunocytochemical analysis, and intracellular Ca(2+) concentration [Ca(2+)]i measurement were applied. Cell cycle progression was assessed using the fluorescence activated cell sorting. MG induced Ca(2+) entry concentration dependently. Ruthenium red (RR), a general cation channel blocker, and HC030031, a selective transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) antagonist, inhibited MG-induced Ca(2+) entry. Treatment with aminoguanidine, a MG scavenger, also inhibited it. Allyl isothiocyanate, a selective TRPA1 agonist, increased Ca(2+) entry. The use of small interfering RNA to knock down TRPA1 reduced the MG-induced Ca(2+) entry as well as TRPA1 mRNA expression. The quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis showed the prominent existence of TRPA1 mRNA. Expression of TRPA1 protein was confirmed by Western blotting and immunocytochemical analyses. MG promoted cell cycle progression from G0/G1 to S/G2/M, which was suppressed by HC030031 or RR. MG also enhanced α-smooth muscle actin expression. The present results suggest that methylglyoxal activates TRPA1 and promotes cell cycle progression and differentiation in human cardiac fibroblasts. MG might participate the development of pathophysiological conditions including diabetic cardiomyopathy via activation of TRPA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaku Oguri
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Nakajima
- Department of Ischemic Circulatory Physiology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;
| | - Yumiko Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nami Takano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Tanaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironobu Kikuchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Morita
- Department of Ischemic Circulatory Physiology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Tatsuya Yamasoba
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Schleifenbaum J, Kassmann M, Szijártó IA, Hercule HC, Tano JY, Weinert S, Heidenreich M, Pathan AR, Anistan YM, Alenina N, Rusch NJ, Bader M, Jentsch TJ, Gollasch M. Stretch-activation of angiotensin II type 1a receptors contributes to the myogenic response of mouse mesenteric and renal arteries. Circ Res 2014; 115:263-72. [PMID: 24838176 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.302882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Vascular wall stretch is the major stimulus for the myogenic response of small arteries to pressure. The molecular mechanisms are elusive, but recent findings suggest that G protein-coupled receptors can elicit a stretch response. OBJECTIVE To determine whether angiotensin II type 1 receptors (AT1R) in vascular smooth muscle cells exert mechanosensitivity and identify the downstream ion channel mediators of myogenic vasoconstriction. METHODS AND RESULTS We used mice deficient in AT1R signaling molecules and putative ion channel targets, namely AT1R, angiotensinogen, transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6) channels, or several subtypes of the voltage-gated K+ (Kv7) gene family (KCNQ3, 4, or 5). We identified a mechanosensing mechanism in isolated mesenteric arteries and in the renal circulation that relies on coupling of the AT1R subtype a to a Gq/11 protein as a critical event to accomplish the myogenic response. Arterial mechanoactivation occurs after pharmacological block of AT1R and in the absence of angiotensinogen or TRPC6 channels. Activation of AT1R subtype a by osmotically induced membrane stretch suppresses an XE991-sensitive Kv channel current in patch-clamped vascular smooth muscle cells, and similar concentrations of XE991 enhance mesenteric and renal myogenic tone. Although XE991-sensitive KCNQ3, 4, and 5 channels are expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells, XE991-sensitive K+ current and myogenic contractions persist in arteries deficient in these channels. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide definitive evidence that myogenic responses of mouse mesenteric and renal arteries rely on ligand-independent, mechanoactivation of AT1R subtype a. The AT1R subtype a signal relies on an ion channel distinct from TRPC6 or KCNQ3, 4, or 5 to enact vascular smooth muscle cell activation and elevated vascular resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Schleifenbaum
- From the Medical Clinic for Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care, Charité Campus Virchow Klinikum, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Berlin, Germany (J.S., M.K., I.A.S., H.C.H., J.-Y.T., Y.-M.A., M.G.); Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (S.W., M.H., N.A., M.B., T.J.J.); Department Physiology and Pathology of Ion Transport, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (S.W., M.H., T.J.J.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (A.R.P., N.J.R.); and Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (M.H.)
| | - Mario Kassmann
- From the Medical Clinic for Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care, Charité Campus Virchow Klinikum, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Berlin, Germany (J.S., M.K., I.A.S., H.C.H., J.-Y.T., Y.-M.A., M.G.); Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (S.W., M.H., N.A., M.B., T.J.J.); Department Physiology and Pathology of Ion Transport, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (S.W., M.H., T.J.J.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (A.R.P., N.J.R.); and Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (M.H.)
| | - István András Szijártó
- From the Medical Clinic for Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care, Charité Campus Virchow Klinikum, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Berlin, Germany (J.S., M.K., I.A.S., H.C.H., J.-Y.T., Y.-M.A., M.G.); Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (S.W., M.H., N.A., M.B., T.J.J.); Department Physiology and Pathology of Ion Transport, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (S.W., M.H., T.J.J.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (A.R.P., N.J.R.); and Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (M.H.)
| | - Hantz C Hercule
- From the Medical Clinic for Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care, Charité Campus Virchow Klinikum, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Berlin, Germany (J.S., M.K., I.A.S., H.C.H., J.-Y.T., Y.-M.A., M.G.); Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (S.W., M.H., N.A., M.B., T.J.J.); Department Physiology and Pathology of Ion Transport, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (S.W., M.H., T.J.J.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (A.R.P., N.J.R.); and Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (M.H.)
| | - Jean-Yves Tano
- From the Medical Clinic for Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care, Charité Campus Virchow Klinikum, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Berlin, Germany (J.S., M.K., I.A.S., H.C.H., J.-Y.T., Y.-M.A., M.G.); Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (S.W., M.H., N.A., M.B., T.J.J.); Department Physiology and Pathology of Ion Transport, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (S.W., M.H., T.J.J.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (A.R.P., N.J.R.); and Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (M.H.)
| | - Stefanie Weinert
- From the Medical Clinic for Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care, Charité Campus Virchow Klinikum, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Berlin, Germany (J.S., M.K., I.A.S., H.C.H., J.-Y.T., Y.-M.A., M.G.); Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (S.W., M.H., N.A., M.B., T.J.J.); Department Physiology and Pathology of Ion Transport, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (S.W., M.H., T.J.J.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (A.R.P., N.J.R.); and Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (M.H.)
| | - Matthias Heidenreich
- From the Medical Clinic for Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care, Charité Campus Virchow Klinikum, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Berlin, Germany (J.S., M.K., I.A.S., H.C.H., J.-Y.T., Y.-M.A., M.G.); Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (S.W., M.H., N.A., M.B., T.J.J.); Department Physiology and Pathology of Ion Transport, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (S.W., M.H., T.J.J.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (A.R.P., N.J.R.); and Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (M.H.)
| | - Asif R Pathan
- From the Medical Clinic for Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care, Charité Campus Virchow Klinikum, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Berlin, Germany (J.S., M.K., I.A.S., H.C.H., J.-Y.T., Y.-M.A., M.G.); Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (S.W., M.H., N.A., M.B., T.J.J.); Department Physiology and Pathology of Ion Transport, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (S.W., M.H., T.J.J.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (A.R.P., N.J.R.); and Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (M.H.)
| | - Yoland-Marie Anistan
- From the Medical Clinic for Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care, Charité Campus Virchow Klinikum, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Berlin, Germany (J.S., M.K., I.A.S., H.C.H., J.-Y.T., Y.-M.A., M.G.); Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (S.W., M.H., N.A., M.B., T.J.J.); Department Physiology and Pathology of Ion Transport, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (S.W., M.H., T.J.J.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (A.R.P., N.J.R.); and Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (M.H.)
| | - Natalia Alenina
- From the Medical Clinic for Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care, Charité Campus Virchow Klinikum, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Berlin, Germany (J.S., M.K., I.A.S., H.C.H., J.-Y.T., Y.-M.A., M.G.); Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (S.W., M.H., N.A., M.B., T.J.J.); Department Physiology and Pathology of Ion Transport, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (S.W., M.H., T.J.J.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (A.R.P., N.J.R.); and Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (M.H.)
| | - Nancy J Rusch
- From the Medical Clinic for Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care, Charité Campus Virchow Klinikum, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Berlin, Germany (J.S., M.K., I.A.S., H.C.H., J.-Y.T., Y.-M.A., M.G.); Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (S.W., M.H., N.A., M.B., T.J.J.); Department Physiology and Pathology of Ion Transport, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (S.W., M.H., T.J.J.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (A.R.P., N.J.R.); and Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (M.H.)
| | - Michael Bader
- From the Medical Clinic for Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care, Charité Campus Virchow Klinikum, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Berlin, Germany (J.S., M.K., I.A.S., H.C.H., J.-Y.T., Y.-M.A., M.G.); Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (S.W., M.H., N.A., M.B., T.J.J.); Department Physiology and Pathology of Ion Transport, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (S.W., M.H., T.J.J.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (A.R.P., N.J.R.); and Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (M.H.)
| | - Thomas J Jentsch
- From the Medical Clinic for Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care, Charité Campus Virchow Klinikum, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Berlin, Germany (J.S., M.K., I.A.S., H.C.H., J.-Y.T., Y.-M.A., M.G.); Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (S.W., M.H., N.A., M.B., T.J.J.); Department Physiology and Pathology of Ion Transport, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (S.W., M.H., T.J.J.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (A.R.P., N.J.R.); and Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (M.H.)
| | - Maik Gollasch
- From the Medical Clinic for Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care, Charité Campus Virchow Klinikum, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Berlin, Germany (J.S., M.K., I.A.S., H.C.H., J.-Y.T., Y.-M.A., M.G.); Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (S.W., M.H., N.A., M.B., T.J.J.); Department Physiology and Pathology of Ion Transport, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (S.W., M.H., T.J.J.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (A.R.P., N.J.R.); and Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (M.H.).
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Sung HH, Choo SH, Ko M, Kang SJ, Chae MR, Kam SC, Han DH, So I, Lee SW. Increased expression of TRPC4 channels associated with erectile dysfunction in diabetes. Andrology 2014; 2:550-8. [PMID: 24782410 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2014.00214.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In recent reports, an association between altered TRPC channel function and the development of various diabetic complications has drawn the attention of many investigators. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of TRPC4 channels of corpus smooth muscle (CSM) cells in diabetes, and to evaluate the association between erectile dysfunction (ED) and altered TRPC4 channel function. The expression of TRPC4 in the penile tissue of human, normal and diabetic rat was investigated using RT-PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC). In vivo gene transfer of dominant negative (DN) TRPC4 into the CSM of rat was conducted. In vivo pelvic nerve stimulation was performed to measure erectile function. Expression of TRPC1, TRPC3, TRPC4 and TRPC6 in human and rat CSM tissues was confirmed by RT-PCR, western blot and IHC. In the diabetic rat, the expression levels of mRNA and protein of the TRPC4, and TRPC6 were significantly increased compared to control rats (p < 0.05). The change in TRPC4 expression in the diabetic rats was higher than those of the other TRPC subunits (p < 0.05). The IHC showed that only TRPC4 expression had a higher intensity in the diabetes compared to normal rats (p < 0.05). Gene transfection with TRPC4(DN) into the diabetic rats restored erectile function to levels similar to that of normal controls. Gene expression of TRPC4(DN) in CSM tissue was confirmed by RT-PCR 2 weeks after transfection. This study demonstrated that TRPC4 channel expression increased in the penile CSM cells of diabetic rats. The down-regulation of TRPC4 with DN form restored erectile function in the diabetic rats. The alteration of TRPC4 channel is one of pathophysiology of ED and could be a target for drug development for ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Sung
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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127
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Yoo S, Lim JY, Hwang SW. Sensory TRP channel interactions with endogenous lipids and their biological outcomes. Molecules 2014; 19:4708-44. [PMID: 24739932 PMCID: PMC6271031 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19044708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids have long been studied as constituents of the cellular architecture and energy stores in the body. Evidence is now rapidly growing that particular lipid species are also important for molecular and cellular signaling. Here we review the current information on interactions between lipids and transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels in nociceptive sensory afferents that mediate pain signaling. Sensory neuronal TRP channels play a crucial role in the detection of a variety of external and internal changes, particularly with damaging or pain-eliciting potentials that include noxiously high or low temperatures, stretching, and harmful substances. In addition, recent findings suggest that TRPs also contribute to altering synaptic plasticity that deteriorates chronic pain states. In both of these processes, specific lipids are often generated and have been found to strongly modulate TRP activities, resulting primarily in pain exacerbation. This review summarizes three standpoints viewing those lipid functions for TRP modulations as second messengers, intercellular transmitters, or bilayer building blocks. Based on these hypotheses, we discuss perspectives that account for how the TRP-lipid interaction contributes to the peripheral pain mechanism. Still a number of blurred aspects remain to be examined, which will be answered by future efforts and may help to better control pain states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjae Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-705, Korea.
| | - Ji Yeon Lim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-705, Korea.
| | - Sun Wook Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-705, Korea.
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128
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Auliciems A. Thermal sensation and cell adaptability. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2014; 58:325-35. [PMID: 23756606 PMCID: PMC3955135 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-013-0680-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Whole person adaptive comfort is discussed with reference to recent findings in molecular scale systems biology. The observations are upscaled to hypotheses relating to less traditional interpretations of thermal processes, which have new implications for indoor climate management and design. Arguments are presented for a revision of current focus, model and paradigm. The issue is seen as a problem of integrating theoretical development, conceptual modeling and as an investigation of the extent to which environments and acclimatization can be used to achieve individual fitness and health, not only at the subjective comfort level, as hitherto promoted. It is argued that there are many questions yet to be asked about adaptability before celebrating a particular adaptive state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andris Auliciems
- Faculty Geography & Earth Sciences, University of Latvia, Raiņa Blvd 19, Rīga, 1548, Latvia,
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129
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Sharma A, Choudhury S, Nakade UP, Yadav RS, Garg SK. Calcium influx and release mechanism(s) in histamine-induced myometrial contraction in buffaloes. Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 146:157-64. [PMID: 24631173 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to characterize the presence of histamine H1R using molecular biology tools and unravel the influx and release mechanism(s) involved in calcium signalling cascades in histamine-induced myometrial contraction in buffaloes. The presence of H1R mRNA transcript and immunoreactive membrane protein in buffalo myometrium was confirmed by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Further, histamine produced concentration-dependent (1nM-10μM) contraction in buffalo myometrium with a potency of 7.13±0.11. When myometrial strips were pre-incubated either with Ca(2+) free solution or with nifedipine, a L-type Ca(2+) channel blocker, dose response curve (DRC) of histamine was significantly (P<0.05) shifted towards right with decline in maximal contraction (Emax). Reduction in Emax of histamine in the presence of nifedipine (55.75±3.10%) was significantly (P<0.001) greater than that in the presence of ruthenium red (93.61±3.43%), a blocker of IP3-gated and RyR-sensitive Ca(2+) channels. Moreover, histamine produced only 26.87±1.99% of the maximum contraction in the presence of both nifedipine and CPA (blocker of sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase). Interestingly, following concurrent exposure to U-73122 (a PL-C inhibitor) and nifedipine, the DRC of histamine was significantly (P<0.05) shifted towards left with increase in maximal contraction (126.30±3.36%). Our findings in buffalo uterus thus suggest that influx of extracellular calcium plays a major role in histamine-induced myometrial contraction, while release of intracellular calcium through calcium-release channels of sarcoplasmic reticulum has a minor role. A possible involvement of non-selective cation channels in histamine-induced myometrial contraction cannot be ruled out, and therefore requires further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura 281001, India
| | - Soumen Choudhury
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura 281001, India
| | - Udayraj P Nakade
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura 281001, India
| | - Rajkumar Singh Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura 281001, India
| | - Satish Kumar Garg
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura 281001, India.
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130
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How does calcium regulate mitochondrial energetics in the heart? - new insights. Heart Lung Circ 2014; 23:602-9. [PMID: 24657282 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of cellular calcium homeostasis is critical to regulating mitochondrial ATP production and cardiac contraction. The ion channel known as the L-type calcium channel is the main route for calcium entry into cardiac myocytes. The channel associates with cytoskeletal proteins that assist with the communication of signals from the plasma membrane to intracellular organelles, including mitochondria. This article explores the roles of calcium and the cytoskeleton in regulation of mitochondrial function in response to alterations in L-type calcium channel activity. Direct activation of the L-type calcium channel results in an increase in intracellular calcium and increased mitochondrial calcium uptake. As a result, mitochondrial NADH production, oxygen consumption and reactive oxygen species production increase. In addition the L-type calcium channel is able to regulate mitochondrial membrane potential via cytoskeletal proteins when conformational changes in the channel occur during activation and inactivation. Since the L-type calcium channel is the initiator of contraction, a functional coupling between the channel and mitochondria via the cytoskeleton may represent a synchronised process by which mitochondrial function is regulated in addition to calcium influx to meet myocardial energy demand on a beat to beat basis.
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131
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Park HS, Hong C, Kim BJ, So I. The Pathophysiologic Roles of TRPM7 Channel. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 18:15-23. [PMID: 24634592 PMCID: PMC3951819 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) is a member of the melastatin-related subfamily and contains a channel and a kinase domain. TRPM7 is known to be associated with cell proliferation, survival, and development. It is ubiquitously expressed, highly permeable to Mg2+ and Ca2+, and its channel activity is negatively regulated by free Mg2+ and Mg-complexed nucleotides. Recent studies have investigated the relationships between TRPM7 and a number of diseases. TRPM7 regulates cell proliferation in several cancers, and is associated with ischemic cell death and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) function. This review discusses the physiologic and pathophysiologic functions and significance of TRPM7 in several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Soo Park
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Chansik Hong
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Byung Joo Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Insuk So
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
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132
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Lei L, Lu S, Wang Y, Kim T, Mehta D, Wang Y. The role of mechanical tension on lipid raft dependent PDGF-induced TRPC6 activation. Biomaterials 2014; 35:2868-77. [PMID: 24397990 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Canonical transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6) can play an important role in governing how cells perceive the surrounding material environment and regulate Ca(2+) signaling. We have designed a TRPC6 reporter based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to visualize the TRPC6-mediated calcium entry and hence TRPC6 activity in live cells with high spatiotemporal resolutions. In mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF) can activate the TRPC6 reporter, mediated by phospholipase C (PLC). This TRPC6 activation occurred mainly at lipid rafts regions of the plasma membrane because disruption of lipid raft/caveolae by methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) or the expression of dominant-negative caveolin-1 inhibited the TRPC6 activity. Culturing cells on soft materials or releasing the intracellular tension by ML-7 reduced this PDGF-induced activation of TRPC6 without affecting the PDGF-regulated Src or inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor function, suggesting a specific role of mechanical tension in regulating TRPC6. We further showed that the release of intracellular tension had similar effect on the diffusion coefficients of TRPC6 and a raft marker, confirming a strong coupling between TRPC6 and lipid rafts. Therefore, our results suggest that the TRPC6 activation mainly occurs at lipid rafts, which is regulated by the mechanical cues of surrounding materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lei
- Department of Bioengineering & Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Department of Bioengineering & Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Shaoying Lu
- Department of Bioengineering & Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Department of Bioengineering & Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Bioengineering & Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Taejin Kim
- Department of Bioengineering & Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Dolly Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Yingxiao Wang
- Department of Bioengineering & Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Department of Bioengineering & Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
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Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 2, TRPV2, is a calcium-permeable cation channel belonging to the TRPV channel family. This channel is activated by heat (>52 °C), various ligands, and mechanical stresses. In most of the cells, a large portion of TRPV2 is located in the endoplasmic reticulum under unstimulated conditions. Upon stimulation of the cells with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-activating ligands, TRPV2 is translocated to the plasma membrane and functions as a cation channel. Mechanical stress may also induce translocation of TRPV2 to the plasma membrane. The expression of TRPV2 is high in some types of cells including neurons, neuroendocrine cells, immune cells involved in innate immunity, and certain types of cancer cells. TRPV2 may modulate various cellular functions in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itaru Kojima
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular & Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma Prefecture, 371-8511, Japan,
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134
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Abstract
Like most other members of the TRP family, the Trpm3 gene encodes proteins that form cation-permeable ion channels on the plasma membrane. However, TRPM3 proteins have several unique features that set them apart from the other members of this diverse family. The Trpm3 gene encodes for a surprisingly large number of isoforms generated mainly by alternative splicing. Only for two of the (at least) eight sites at which sequence diversity is generated the functional consequences have been elucidated, one leading to nonfunctional channels, the other one profoundly affecting the ionic selectivity. In the Trpm3 gene an intronic microRNA (miR-204) is co-transcribed with Trpm3. By regulating the expression of a multitude of genes, miR-204 increases the functional complexity of the Trpm3 locus. Over the past years, important progress has been made in discovering pharmacological tools to manipulate TRPM3 channel activity. These substances have facilitated the identification of endogenously expressed functional TRPM3 channels in nociceptive neurons, pancreatic beta cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells, among others. TRPM3 channels, which themselves are temperature sensitive, thus have been implicated in sensing noxious heat, in modulating insulin release, and in secretion of inflammatory cytokines. However, in many tissues where TRPM3 proteins are known to be expressed, no functional role has been identified for these channels so far. Because of the availability of adequate pharmacological and genetic tools, it is expected that future investigations on TRPM3 channels will unravel important new aspects and functions of these channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Oberwinkler
- Institut für Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany,
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135
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Shimizu S, Takahashi N, Mori Y. TRPs as chemosensors (ROS, RNS, RCS, gasotransmitters). Handb Exp Pharmacol 2014; 223:767-94. [PMID: 24961969 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-05161-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential (trp) gene superfamily encodes TRP proteins that act as multimodal sensor cation channels for a wide variety of stimuli from outside and inside the cell. Upon chemical or physical stimulation of cells, TRP channels transduce electrical and/or Ca(2+) signals via their cation channel activities. These functional features of TRP channels allow the body to react and adapt to different forms of environmental changes. Indeed, members of one class of TRP channels have emerged as sensors of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), reactive carbonyl species (RCS), and gaseous messenger molecules including molecular oxygen (O2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and carbon dioxide (CO2). Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), an ROS, triggers the production of ADP-ribose, which binds and activates TRPM2. In addition to TRPM2, TRPC5, TRPV1, and TRPA1 are also activated by H2O2 via modification of cysteine (Cys) free sulfhydryl groups. Nitric oxide (NO), a vasoactive gaseous molecule, regulates TRP channels directly via Cys S-nitrosylation or indirectly via cyclic GMP (cGMP)/protein kinase G (PKG)-dependent phosphorylation. Anoxia induced by O2-glucose deprivation and severe hypoxia activates TRPM7 and TRPC6, respectively, whereas TRPA1 serves as a sensor of mild hypoxia and hyperoxia in vagal and sensory neurons. TRPA1 also detects other gaseous molecules, such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2). In this review, we highlight our current knowledge of TRP channels as chemosensors for ROS, RNS, RCS, and gaseous molecules and discuss their functional impacts on physiological and pathological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Shimizu
- Division of Physiology and Pathology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
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136
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Abstract
TRPC4 proteins comprise six transmembrane domains, a putative pore-forming region, and an intracellularly located amino- and carboxy-terminus. Among eleven splice variants identified so far, TRPC4α and TRPC4β are the most abundantly expressed and functionally characterized. TRPC4 is expressed in various organs and cell types including the soma and dendrites of numerous types of neurons; the cardiovascular system including endothelial, smooth muscle, and cardiac cells; myometrial and skeletal muscle cells; kidney; and immune cells such as mast cells. Both recombinant and native TRPC4-containing channels differ tremendously in their permeability and other biophysical properties, pharmacological modulation, and mode of activation depending on the cellular environment. They vary from inwardly rectifying store-operated channels with a high Ca(2+) selectivity to non-store-operated channels predominantly carrying Na(+) and activated by Gαq- and/or Gαi-coupled receptors with a complex U-shaped current-voltage relationship. Thus, individual TRPC4-containing channels contribute to agonist-induced Ca(2+) entry directly or indirectly via depolarization and activation of voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels. The differences in channel properties may arise from variations in the composition of the channel complexes, in the specific regulatory pathways in the corresponding cell system, and/or in the expression pattern of interaction partners which comprise other TRPC proteins to form heteromultimeric channels. Additional interaction partners of TRPC4 that can mediate the activity of TRPC4-containing channels include (1) scaffolding proteins (e.g., NHERF) that may mediate interactions with signaling molecules in or in close vicinity to the plasma membrane such as Gα proteins or phospholipase C and with the cytoskeleton, (2) proteins in specific membrane microdomains (e.g., caveolin-1), or (3) proteins on cellular organelles (e.g., Stim1). The diversity of TRPC4-containing channels hampers the development of specific agonists or antagonists, but recently, ML204 was identified as a blocker of both recombinant and endogenous TRPC4-containing channels with an IC50 in the lower micromolar range that lacks activity on most voltage-gated channels and other TRPs except TRPC5 and TRPC3. Lanthanides are specific activators of heterologously expressed TRPC4- and TRPC5-containing channels but can block individual native TRPC4-containing channels. The biological relevance of TRPC4-containing channels was demonstrated by knockdown of TRPC4 expression in numerous native systems including gene expression, cell differentiation and proliferation, formation of myotubes, and axonal regeneration. Studies of TRPC4 single and TRPC compound knockout mice uncovered their role for the regulation of vascular tone, endothelial permeability, gastrointestinal contractility and motility, neurotransmitter release, and social exploratory behavior as well as for excitotoxicity and epileptogenesis. Recently, a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the Trpc4 gene was associated with a reduced risk for experience of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Freichel
- Pharmakologisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany,
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137
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Makino A, Firth AL, Yuan JXJ. Endothelial and smooth muscle cell ion channels in pulmonary vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling. Compr Physiol 2013; 1:1555-602. [PMID: 23733654 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c100023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The pulmonary circulation is a low resistance and low pressure system. Sustained pulmonary vasoconstriction and excessive vascular remodeling often occur under pathophysiological conditions such as in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary vasoconstriction is a consequence of smooth muscle contraction. Many factors released from the endothelium contribute to regulating pulmonary vascular tone, while the extracellular matrix in the adventitia is the major determinant of vascular wall compliance. Pulmonary vascular remodeling is characterized by adventitial and medial hypertrophy due to fibroblast and smooth muscle cell proliferation, neointimal proliferation, intimal, and plexiform lesions that obliterate the lumen, muscularization of precapillary arterioles, and in situ thrombosis. A rise in cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]cyt) in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) is a major trigger for pulmonary vasoconstriction, while increased release of mitogenic factors, upregulation (or downregulation) of ion channels and transporters, and abnormalities in intracellular signaling cascades are key to the remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature. Changes in the expression, function, and regulation of ion channels in PASMC and pulmonary arterial endothelial cells play an important role in the regulation of vascular tone and development of vascular remodeling. This article will focus on describing the ion channels and transporters that are involved in the regulation of pulmonary vascular function and structure and illustrating the potential pathogenic role of ion channels and transporters in the development of pulmonary vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Makino
- Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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138
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Rubinstein J, Lasko VM, Koch SE, Singh VP, Carreira V, Robbins N, Patel AR, Jiang M, Bidwell P, Kranias EG, Jones WK, Lorenz JN. Novel role of transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 in the regulation of cardiac performance. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 306:H574-84. [PMID: 24322617 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00854.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential cation channels have been implicated in the regulation of cardiovascular function, but only recently has our laboratory described the vanilloid-2 subtype (TRPV2) in the cardiomyocyte, though its exact mechanism of action has not yet been established. This study tests the hypothesis that TRPV2 plays an important role in regulating myocyte contractility under physiological conditions. Therefore, we measured cardiac and vascular function in wild-type and TRPV2(-/-) mice in vitro and in vivo and found that TRPV2 deletion resulted in a decrease in basal systolic and diastolic function without affecting loading conditions or vascular tone. TRPV2 stimulation with probenecid, a relatively selective TRPV2 agonist, caused an increase in both inotropy and lusitropy in wild-type mice that was blunted in TRPV2(-/-) mice. We examined the mechanism of TRPV2 inotropy/lusitropy in isolated myocytes and found that it modulates Ca(2+) transients and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) loading. We show that the activity of this channel is necessary for normal cardiac function and that there is increased contractility in response to agonism of TRPV2 with probenecid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Rubinstein
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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139
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Transient receptor potential canonical type 3 channels--their evolving role in hypertension and its related complications. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2013; 61:455-60. [PMID: 23364606 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e31828748a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
: Recent studies indicate that transient receptor potential canonical type 3 (TRPC3) channels contribute to the regulation of blood pressure and vascular and renal function. Several studies show that TRPC3 dysfunction is associated with hypertension, atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy, and cerebrovascular events. In this review, we summarize the role of TRPC3 channels in the cardiovascular system, and we focus on their pathophysiological role in hypertension and related target organ damages. We provide new insight into the involvement of TRPC3 channels in the development of hypertension and its related complications.
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140
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Xia Y, Yang XR, Fu Z, Paudel O, Abramowitz J, Birnbaumer L, Sham JSK. Classical transient receptor potential 1 and 6 contribute to hypoxic pulmonary hypertension through differential regulation of pulmonary vascular functions. Hypertension 2013; 63:173-80. [PMID: 24144647 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.01902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension is characterized by increased vascular tone, altered vasoreactivity, and vascular remodeling, which are associated with alterations in Ca(2+) homeostasis in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. We have previously shown that classical transient receptor potential 1 and 6 (TRPC1 and TRPC6) are upregulated in pulmonary arteries (PAs) of chronic hypoxic rats, but it is unclear whether these channels are essential for the development of pulmonary hypertension. Here we found that pulmonary hypertension was suppressed in TRPC1 and TRPC6 knockout (Trpc1(-/-) and Trpc6(-/-)) mice compared with wild-type after exposure to 10% O(2) for 1 and 3 weeks. Muscularization of pulmonary microvessels was inhibited, but rarefaction was unaltered in hypoxic Trpc1(-/-) and Trpc6(-/-) mice. Small PAs of normoxic wild-type mice exhibited vasomotor tone, which was significantly enhanced by chronic hypoxia. Similar vasomotor tone was found in normoxic Trpc1(-/-) PAs, but the hypoxia-induced enhancement was blunted. In contrast, there was minimal vascular tone in normoxic Trpc6(-/-) PAs, but the hypoxia-enhanced tone was preserved. Chronic hypoxia caused significant increase in serotonin-induced vasoconstriction; the augmented vasoreactivity was attenuated in Trpc1(-/-) and eliminated in Trpc6(-/-) PAs. Moreover, the effects of 3-week hypoxia on pulmonary arterial pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, and muscularization of microvessels were further suppressed in TRPC1-TRPC6 double-knockout mice. Our results, therefore, provide clear evidence that TRPC1 and TRPC6 participate differentially in various pathophysiological processes, and that the presence of TRPC1 and TRPC6 is essential for the full development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in the mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xia
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD 21224.
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141
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Gerka-Stuyt J, Au A, Peachey NS, Alagramam KN. Transient receptor potential melastatin 1: a hair cell transduction channel candidate. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77213. [PMID: 24146970 PMCID: PMC3795643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sound and head movements are perceived through sensory hair cells in the inner ear. Mounting evidence indicates that this process is initiated by the opening of mechanically sensitive calcium-permeable channels, also referred to as the mechanoelectrical transducer (MET) channels, reported to be around the tips of all but the tallest stereocilia. However, the identity of MET channel remains elusive. Literature suggests that the MET channel is a non-selective cation channel with a high Ca2+ permeability and ∼100 picosiemens conductance. These characteristics make members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily likely candidates for this role. One of these candidates is the transient receptor potential melastatin 1 protein (TRPM1), which is expressed in various cells types within the cochlea of the mouse including the hair cells. Recent studies demonstrate that mutations in the TRPM1 gene underlie the inherited retinal disease complete congenital stationary night blindness in humans and depolarizing bipolar cell dysfunction in the mouse retina, but auditory function was not assessed. Here we investigate the role of Trpm1 in hearing and as a possible hair cell MET channel using mice homozygous for the null allele of Trpm1 (Trpm1−/−) or a missense mutation in the pore domain of TRPM1 (Trpm1tvrm27/tvrm27). Hearing thresholds were evaluated in adult (4–5 months old) mice with auditory-evoked brain stem responses. Our data shows no statistically significant difference in hearing thresholds in Trpm1−/− or Trpm1tvrm27/tvrm27 mutants compared to littermate controls. Further, none of the mutant mice showed any sign of balance disorder, such as head bobbing or circling. These data suggest that TRPM1 is not essential for development of hearing or balance and it is unlikely that TRPM1 is a component of the hair cell MET channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Gerka-Stuyt
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Adrian Au
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Neal S. Peachey
- Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kumar N. Alagramam
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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142
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Rodríguez-Cotto RI, Ortiz-Martínez MG, Rivera- Ramírez E, Méndez LB, Dávila JC, Jiménez-Vélez BD. African Dust Storms Reaching Puerto Rican Coast Stimulate the Secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 and Cause Cytotoxicity to Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells (BEAS-2B). Health (London) 2013; 5:14-28. [PMID: 25002916 PMCID: PMC4082624 DOI: 10.4236/health.2013.510a2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
African dust storm events (ADE) travel across the Atlantic Ocean (ADEAO) and reach the Puerto Rican coast (ADEPRC), potentially impacting air quality and human health. To what extent seasonal variations in atmospheric particulate matter (PM) size fractions, composition and sources trigger respiratory-adverse effects to Puerto Ricans is still unclear. In the present study, we investigated the pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects of PM samples harvested during ADEAO (PM10), ADEPRC (PM2.5 and PM10) and Non-ADE (Preand Post-ADEAO and Non-ADEPRC), using BEAS-2B cells. Endotoxins (ENX) in PM2.5 and PM10 extracts and traces of metals (TMET) in PM2.5 extracts were also examined. IL-6 and IL-8 secretion and cytotoxicity were used as endpoints. ADEAO and ADEPRC extracts were found to be more cytotoxic than Non-ADE and ADEAO were more toxic than ADEPRC extracts. PM10 extracts from ADEAO and Post-ADEAO caused significant secretion of IL-8. IL-6 and IL-8 secretion was higher following treatment with PM10 and PM2.5 ADEPRC than with Non-ADEPRC extracts. ENX levels were found to be higher in PM10 ADEAO than in the rest of the samples tested. TMET levels were higher in PM2.5 ADEPRC than in Non-ADEPRC extracts. Deferoxamine significantly reduced cytotoxicity and IL-6 and IL-8 secretion whereas Polymyxin B did not. TMET in PM2.5 fractions is a major determinant in ADEPRC-induced toxicity and work in conjunction with ENX to cause toxicity to lung cells in vitro. ENX and TMET may be responsible, in part, for triggering PM-respiratory adverse responses in susceptible and predisposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa I. Rodríguez-Cotto
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Center for Environmental and Toxicological Research, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Mario G. Ortiz-Martínez
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Center for Environmental and Toxicological Research, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Evasomary Rivera- Ramírez
- Center for Environmental and Toxicological Research, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico-Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Loyda B. Méndez
- Center for Environmental and Toxicological Research, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Science and Technology School, Eastern University, Carolina, Puerto Rico
| | - Julio C. Dávila
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Center for Environmental and Toxicological Research, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Braulio D. Jiménez-Vélez
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Center for Environmental and Toxicological Research, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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143
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Wang T, Yang YQ, Karasawa T, Wang Q, Phillips A, Guan BC, Ma KT, Jiang M, Xie DH, Steyger PS, Jiang ZG. Bumetanide hyperpolarizes madin-darby canine kidney cells and enhances cellular gentamicin uptake by elevating cytosolic Ca(2+) thus facilitating intermediate conductance Ca(2+)--activated potassium channels. Cell Biochem Biophys 2013; 65:381-98. [PMID: 23109177 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-012-9442-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Loop diuretics such as bumetanide and furosemide enhance aminoglycoside ototoxicity when co-administered to patients and animal models. The underlying mechanism(s) is poorly understood. We investigated the effect of these diuretics on cellular uptake of aminoglycosides, using Texas Red-tagged gentamicin (GTTR), and intracellular/whole-cell recordings of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. We found that bumetanide and furosemide dose-dependently enhanced cytoplasmic GTTR fluorescence by ~60 %. This enhancement was suppressed by La(3+), a non-selective cation channel (NSCC) blocker, and by K(+) channel blockers Ba(2+) and clotrimazole, but not by tetraethylammonium (TEA), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) or glipizide, nor by Cl(-) channel blockers diphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid (DPC), niflumic acid (NFA), and CFTRinh-172. Bumetanide and furosemide hyperpolarized MDCK cells by ~14 mV, increased whole-cell I/V slope conductance; the bumetanide-induced net current I/V showed a reversal potential (V r) ~-80 mV. Bumetanide-induced hyperpolarization and I/V change was suppressed by Ba(2+) or clotrimazole, and absent in elevated [Ca(2+)]i, but was not affected by apamin, 4-AP, TEA, glipizide, DPC, NFA, or CFTRinh-172. Bumetanide and furosemide stimulated a surge of Fluo-4-indicated cytosolic Ca(2+). Ba(2+) and clotrimazole alone depolarized cells by ~18 mV and reduced I/V slope with a net current V r near -85 mV, and reduced GTTR uptake by ~20 %. La(3+) alone hyperpolarized the cells by ~-14 mV, reduced the I/V slope with a net current V r near -10 mV, and inhibited GTTR uptake by ~50 %. In the presence of La(3+), bumetanide-caused negligible change in potential or I/V. We conclude that NSCCs constitute a major cell entry pathway for cationic aminoglycosides; bumetanide enhances aminoglycoside uptake by hyperpolarizing cells that increases the cation influx driving force; and bumetanide-induced hyperpolarization is caused by elevating intracellular Ca(2+) and thus facilitating activation of the intermediate conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Wang
- Oregon Hearing Research Center, NRC04, Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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144
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Kawano Y, Tamura A, Ono K, Kadota J. Association between obstructive sleep apnea and premature supraventricular contractions. J Cardiol 2013; 63:69-72. [PMID: 24016621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The exact association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and premature supraventricular contractions (PSVCs) has not been established. METHODS We prospectively performed polysomnography together with 24-hour Holter electrocardiography in 431 patients who were clinically suspected of having OSA and examined the association between OSA severity and PSVCs during wakefulness and sleep. The patients were classified into 4 groups according to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) quartiles (Q1=patients with AHI<13.8, Q2=those with 13.8≤AHI<28.8, Q3=those with 28.8≤AHI<48.1, Q4=those with AHI≥48.1). RESULTS The number of PSVCs/hour during sleep differed significantly among the 4 groups, but the number of PSVCs/hour during wakefulness did not. The prevalence of PSVC≥5/hour during sleep was significantly higher in Q4 (21.0%) than the other 3 groups (Q1, 9.0%; Q2, 8.0%; Q3, 6.0%; all p<0.05 for Q4), but the prevalence of PSVC≥5/hour during wakefulness did not differ among the 4 groups. A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the highest AHI quartile was significantly associated with PSVC≥5/hour during sleep (odds ratio 3.04, 95% confidence interval 1.44-6.42, p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS Severe OSA can cause PSVCs during sleep, but its effect appears not to be strong. Further studies are needed to clarify the clinical significance of this small but significant increase in PSVCs during sleep in severe OSA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Kawano
- Internal Medicine 2, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Akira Tamura
- Internal Medicine 2, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan.
| | - Katsushige Ono
- Department of Pathophysiology, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Junichi Kadota
- Internal Medicine 2, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
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145
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Tanaka Y, Takase B, Yao T, Ishihara M. Right Ventricular Electrical Remodeling and Arrhythmogenic Substrate in Rat Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2013; 49:426-36. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0089oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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146
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Fang L, Zhan S, Huang C, Cheng X, Lv X, Si H, Li J. TRPM7 channel regulates PDGF-BB-induced proliferation of hepatic stellate cells via PI3K and ERK pathways. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 272:713-25. [PMID: 23958495 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
TRPM7, a non-selective cation channel of the TRP channel superfamily, is implicated in diverse physiological and pathological processes including cell proliferation. Recently, TRPM7 has been reported in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Here, we investigated the contribution role of TRPM7 in activated HSC-T6 cell (a rat hepatic stellate cell line) proliferation. TRPM7 mRNA and protein were measured by RT-PCR and Western blot in rat model of liver fibrosis in vivo and PDGF-BB-activated HSC-T6 cells in vitro. Both mRNA and protein of TRPM7 were dramatically increased in CCl4-treated rat livers. Stimulation of HSC-T6 cells with PDGF-BB resulted in a time-dependent increase of TRPM7 mRNA and protein. However, PDGF-BB-induced HSC-T6 cell proliferation was inhibited by non-specific TRPM7 blocker 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) or synthetic siRNA targeting TRPM7, and this was accompanied by downregulation of cell cycle proteins, cyclin D1, PCNA and CDK4. Blockade of TRPM7 channels also attenuated PDGF-BB induced expression of myofibroblast markers as measured by the induction of α-SMA and Col1α1. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of ERK and AKT, associated with cell proliferation, decreased in TRPM7 deficient HSC-T6 cells. These observations suggested that TRPM7 channels contribute to perpetuated fibroblast activation and proliferation of PDGF-BB induced HSC-T6 cells via the activation of ERK and PI3K pathways. Therefore, TRPM7 may constitute a useful target for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Mei Shan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Mei Shan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China.
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147
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Kozhevnikova LM, Zharkikh IL, Avdonin PV. Calmodulin inhibitors suppress calcium signaling from serotonin receptors in smooth muscle cells and abolish vasoconstrictive response on intravenous introduction of serotonin. BIOL BULL+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359013040080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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148
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Washburn DG, Holt DA, Dodson J, McAtee JJ, Terrell LR, Barton L, Manns S, Waszkiewicz A, Pritchard C, Gillie DJ, Morrow DM, Davenport EA, Lozinskaya IM, Guss J, Basilla JB, Negron LK, Klein M, Willette RN, Fries RE, Jensen TC, Xu X, Schnackenberg CG, Marino JP. The discovery of potent blockers of the canonical transient receptor channels, TRPC3 and TRPC6, based on an anilino-thiazole pharmacophore. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:4979-84. [PMID: 23886683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lead optimization of piperidine amide HTS hits, based on an anilino-thiazole core, led to the identification of analogs which displayed low nanomolar blocking activity at the canonical transient receptor channels 3 and 6 (TRPC3 & 6) based on FLIPR (carbachol stimulated) and electrophysiology (OAG stimulated) assays. In addition, the anilino-thiazole amides displayed good selectivity over other TRP channels (TRPA1, TRPV1, and TRPV4), as well as against cardiac ion channels (CaV1.2, hERG, and NaV1.5). The high oxidation potential of the aliphatic piperidine and aniline groups, as well as the lability of the thiazole amide group contributed to the high clearance observed for this class of compounds. Conversion of an isoquinoline amide to a naphthyridine amide markedly reduced clearance for the bicyclic piperidines, and improved oral bioavailability for this compound series, however TRPC3 and TRPC6 blocking activity was reduced substantially. Although the most potent anilino-thiazole amides ultimately lacked oral exposure in rodents and were not suitable for chronic dosing, analogs such as 14-19, 22, and 23 are potentially valuable in vitro tool compounds for investigating the role of TRPC3 and TRPC6 in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Washburn
- Department of Chemistry, Heart Failure Disease Performance Unit, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapeutic Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, PA 19406, United States
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149
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Hypertensive stretch regulates endothelial exocytosis of Weibel-Palade bodies through VEGF receptor 2 signaling pathways. Cell Res 2013; 23:820-34. [PMID: 23609797 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2013.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulated endothelial exocytosis of Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs), the first stage in leukocyte trafficking, plays a pivotal role in inflammation and injury. Acute mechanical stretch has been closely associated with vascular inflammation, although the precise mechanism is unknown. Here, we show that hypertensive stretch regulates the exocytosis of WPBs of endothelial cells (ECs) through VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) signaling pathways. Stretch triggers a rapid release (within minutes) of von Willebrand factor and interleukin-8 from WPBs in cultured human ECs, promoting the interaction between leukocytes and ECs through the translocation of P-selectin to the cell membrane. We further show that hypertensive stretch significantly induces P-selectin translocation of intact ECs and enhances leukocyte adhesion both ex vivo and in vivo. Stretch-induced endothelial exocytosis is mediated via a VEGFR2/PLCγ1/calcium pathway. Interestingly, stretch also induces a negative feedback via a VEGFR2/Akt/nitric oxide pathway. Such dual effects are confirmed using pharmacological and genetic approaches in carotid artery segments, as well as in acute hypertensive mouse models. These studies reveal mechanical stretch as a potent agonist for endothelial exocytosis, which is modulated by VEGFR2 signaling. Thus, VEGFR2 signaling pathways may represent novel therapeutic targets in limiting hypertensive stretch-related inflammation.
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150
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Pires PW, Dams Ramos CM, Matin N, Dorrance AM. The effects of hypertension on the cerebral circulation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 304:H1598-614. [PMID: 23585139 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00490.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of brain function depends on a constant blood supply. Deficits in cerebral blood flow are linked to cognitive decline, and they have detrimental effects on the outcome of ischemia. Hypertension causes alterations in cerebral artery structure and function that can impair blood flow, particularly during an ischemic insult or during periods of low arterial pressure. This review will focus on the historical discoveries, novel developments, and knowledge gaps in 1) hypertensive cerebral artery remodeling, 2) vascular function with emphasis on myogenic reactivity and endothelium-dependent dilation, and 3) blood-brain barrier function. Hypertensive artery remodeling results in reduction in the lumen diameter and an increase in the wall-to-lumen ratio in most cerebral arteries; this is linked to reduced blood flow postischemia and increased ischemic damage. Many factors that are increased in hypertension stimulate remodeling; these include the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and reactive oxygen species levels. Endothelial function, vital for endothelium-mediated dilation and regulation of myogenic reactivity, is impaired in hypertension. This is a consequence of alterations in vasodilator mechanisms involving nitric oxide, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, and ion channels, including calcium-activated potassium channels and transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 4. Hypertension causes blood-brain barrier breakdown by mechanisms involving inflammation, oxidative stress, and vasoactive circulating molecules. This exposes neurons to cytotoxic molecules, leading to neuronal loss, cognitive decline, and impaired recovery from ischemia. As the population ages and the incidence of hypertension, stroke, and dementia increases, it is imperative that we gain a better understanding of the control of cerebral artery function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo W Pires
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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