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Singhal L, Sharma M, Verma S, Kaur R, Britto XB, Kumar SM, Ray P, Gautam V. Comparative Evaluation of Broth Microdilution with Polystyrene and Glass-Coated Plates, Agar Dilution, E-Test, Vitek, and Disk Diffusion for Susceptibility Testing of Colistin and Polymyxin B on Carbapenem-Resistant Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii. Microb Drug Resist 2018; 24:1082-1088. [PMID: 29406804 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2017.0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the increasing threat of multidrug-resistant organisms, such as Acinetobacter baumannii, the polymyxin class of drugs (colistin and polymyxin B) has become popular in clinical practice. A better understanding of antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods for colistin and polymyxin B is needed for optimal patient management. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-two carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii isolates were subjected to susceptibility testing for colistin and polymyxin B using the following methods: broth microdilution (BMD) (glass-coated plates [BMD-Gs] and polystyrene plates [BMD-Ps]), agar dilution (AD), E-test®, Vitek®, and disk diffusion. Using BMD as the gold standard, comparative analysis between different methods was carried out. RESULTS With BMD-Gs as reference, reliability was high for BMD-Ps and moderate for AD and Vitek for both the drugs. Similar results were obtained when the BMD-P was used as reference, but drug-polystyrene interaction was observed. CONCLUSION Different susceptibility testing methods for polymyxins show great variation in their results and BMD using glass-coated plates can be considered the best candidate for gold standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipika Singhal
- 1 Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chandigarh, India .,2 Department of Microbiology, GMCH , Chandigarh, India
| | - Megha Sharma
- 1 Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chandigarh, India
| | - Salony Verma
- 1 Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chandigarh, India
| | - Ramanpreet Kaur
- 1 Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chandigarh, India
| | - Xavier Basil Britto
- 3 Department of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp , Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Surbhi Malhotra Kumar
- 3 Department of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp , Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pallab Ray
- 1 Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chandigarh, India
| | - Vikas Gautam
- 1 Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chandigarh, India
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Antimicrobial Octapeptin C4 Analogues Active against Cryptococcus Species. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.00986-17. [PMID: 29158283 PMCID: PMC5786788 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00986-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to antimicrobials is a growing problem in both developed and developing countries. In nations where AIDS is most prevalent, the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans is a significant contributor to mortality, and its growing resistance to current antifungals is an ever-expanding threat. We investigated octapeptin C4, from the cationic cyclic lipopeptide class of antimicrobials, as a potential new antifungal. Octapeptin C4 was a potent, selective inhibitor of this fungal pathogen with an MIC of 1.56 μg/ml. Further testing of octapeptin C4 against 40 clinical isolates of C. neoformans var. grubii or neoformans showed an MIC of 1.56 to 3.13 μg/ml, while 20 clinical isolates of C. neoformans var. gattii had an MIC of 0.78 to 12.5 μg/ml. In each case, the MIC values for octapeptin C4 were equivalent to, or better than, current antifungal drugs fluconazole and amphotericin B. The negatively charged polysaccharide capsule of C. neoformans influences the pathogen's sensitivity to octapeptin C4, whereas the degree of melanization had little effect. Testing synthetic octapeptin C4 derivatives provided insight into the structure activity relationships, revealing that the lipophilic amino acid moieties are more important to the activity than the cationic diaminobutyric acid groups. Octapeptins have promising potential for development as anticryptococcal therapeutic agents.
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Pan S, Huang X, Wang Y, Li L, Zhao C, Yao Z, Cui W, Zhang G. Efficacy of intravenous plus intrathecal/intracerebral ventricle injection of polymyxin B for post-neurosurgical intracranial infections due to MDR/XDR Acinectobacter baumannii: a retrospective cohort study. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2018; 7:8. [PMID: 29387342 PMCID: PMC5775564 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-018-0305-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Post-neurosurgical intracranial infections caused by multidrug-resistant or extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii are difficult to treat and associated with high mortality. In this study, we analyzed the therapeutic efficacy of intravenous combined with intrathecal/intracerebral ventricle injection of polymyxin B for this type of intracranial infection. Methods This retrospective study was conducted from January 2013 to September 2017 at the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Hangzhou,China) and included 61 cases for which cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures were positive for multidrug-resistant or extensively drug-resistant A. baumannii after a neurosurgical operation. Patients treated with intravenous and intrathecal/intracerebral ventricle injection of polymyxin B were assigned to the intrathecal/intracerebral group, and patients treated with other antibiotics without intrathecal/intracerebral injection were assigned to the intravenous group. Data for general information, treatment history, and the results of routine tests and biochemistry indicators in CSF, clinical efficiency, microbiological clearance rate, and the 28-day mortality were collected and analyzed. Results The rate of multidrug-resistant or extensively drug-resistant A. baumannii infection among patients who experienced an intracranial infection after a neurosurgical operation was 33.64% in our hospital. The isolated A. baumannii were resistant to various antibiotics, and most seriously to carbapenems (100.00% resistance rate to imipenem and meropenem), cephalosporins (resistance rates of 98.38% to cefazolin, 100.00% to ceftazidime, 100.00% to cefatriaxone, and 98.39% to cefepime). However, the isolated A. baumannii were completely sensitive to polymyxin B (sensitivity rate of 100.00%), followed by tigecycline (60.66%) and amikacin (49.18%). No significant differences in basic clinical data were observed between the two groups. Compared with the intravenous group, the intrathecal/intracerebral group had a significantly lower 28-day mortality (55.26% vs. 8.70%, P = 0.01) and higher rates of clinical efficacy and microbiological clearance (95.65% vs. 23.68%, P < 0.001; 91.30% vs. 18.42%, P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions Intravenous plus intrathecal/intracerebral ventricle injection of polymyxin B is an effective regimen for treating intracranial infections caused by multidrug-resistant or extensively drug-resistant A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijun Pan
- 1Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009 People's Republic of China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Anji County People's Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province 313300 China
| | - Xiaofang Huang
- 1Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009 People's Republic of China
| | - Yesong Wang
- 1Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009 People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- 3Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013 China
| | - Changyun Zhao
- 3Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013 China
| | - Zhongxiang Yao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Anji County People's Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province 313300 China
| | - Wei Cui
- 1Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009 People's Republic of China
| | - Gensheng Zhang
- 1Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009 People's Republic of China
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Semreen MH, El-Gamal MI, Abdin S, Alkhazraji H, Kamal L, Hammad S, El-Awady F, Waleed D, Kourbaj L. Recent updates of marine antimicrobial peptides. Saudi Pharm J 2018; 26:396-409. [PMID: 29556131 PMCID: PMC5856950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are group of proteins showing broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity that have been known to be powerful agents against a variety of pathogens. This class of compounds contributed to solving the microbial resistance dilemma that limited the use of many potent antimicrobial agents. The marine environment is known to be one of the richest sources for antimicrobial peptides, yet this environment is not fully explored. Hence, the scientific research attention should be directed toward the marine ecosystem as enormous amount of useful discoveries could be brought to the forefront. In the current article, the marine antimicrobial peptides reported from mid 2012 to 2017 have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Semreen
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed I El-Gamal
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Shifaa Abdin
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hajar Alkhazraji
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Leena Kamal
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saba Hammad
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Faten El-Awady
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dima Waleed
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Layal Kourbaj
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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Roy R, Saurabh K, Shah D. Commentary: Management of endogenous endophthalmitis: Ophthalmologist in the role of a physician. Indian J Ophthalmol 2018; 66:598-599. [PMID: 29582835 PMCID: PMC5892077 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1334_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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106
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Khondker A, Alsop RJ, Dhaliwal A, Saem S, Moran-Mirabal JM, Rheinstädter MC. Membrane Cholesterol Reduces Polymyxin B Nephrotoxicity in Renal Membrane Analogs. Biophys J 2017; 113:2016-2028. [PMID: 29117525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymyxin B (PmB) is a "last-line" antibiotic scarcely used due to its nephrotoxicity. However, the molecular basis for antibiotic nephrotoxicity is not clearly understood. We prepared kidney membrane analogs of detergent-susceptible membranes, depleted of cholesterol, and cholesterol enriched, resistant membranes. In both analogs, PmB led to membrane damage. By combining x-ray diffraction, molecular dynamics simulations, and electrochemistry, we present evidence for two populations of PmB molecules: peptides that lie flat on the membranes, and an inserted state. In cholesterol depleted membranes, PmB forms clusters on the membranes leading to an indentation of the bilayers and increase in water permeation. The inserted peptides formed aggregates in the membrane core leading to further structural instabilities and increased water intake. The presence of cholesterol in the resistant membrane analogs led to a significant decrease in membrane damage. Although cholesterol did not inhibit peptide insertion, it minimized peptide clustering and water intake through stabilization of the bilayer structure and suppression of lipid and peptide mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adree Khondker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard J Alsop
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander Dhaliwal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sokunthearath Saem
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jose M Moran-Mirabal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maikel C Rheinstädter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Radka CD, Chen D, DeLucas LJ, Aller SG. The crystal structure of the Yersinia pestis iron chaperone YiuA reveals a basic triad binding motif for the chelated metal. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2017; 73:921-939. [PMID: 29095164 PMCID: PMC5683015 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798317015236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological chelating molecules called siderophores are used to sequester iron and maintain its ferric state. Bacterial substrate-binding proteins (SBPs) bind iron-siderophore complexes and deliver these complexes to ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters for import into the cytoplasm, where the iron can be transferred from the siderophore to catalytic enzymes. In Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, the Yersinia iron-uptake (Yiu) ABC transporter has been shown to improve iron acquisition under iron-chelated conditions. The Yiu transporter has been proposed to be an iron-siderophore transporter; however, the precise siderophore substrate is unknown. Therefore, the precise role of the Yiu transporter in Y. pestis survival remains uncharacterized. To better understand the function of the Yiu transporter, the crystal structure of YiuA (YPO1310/y2875), an SBP which functions to present the iron-siderophore substrate to the transporter for import into the cytoplasm, was determined. The 2.20 and 1.77 Å resolution X-ray crystal structures reveal a basic triad binding motif at the YiuA canonical substrate-binding site, indicative of a metal-chelate binding site. Structural alignment and computational docking studies support the function of YiuA in binding chelated metal. Additionally, YiuA contains two mobile helices, helix 5 and helix 10, that undergo 2-3 Å shifts across crystal forms and demonstrate structural breathing of the c-clamp architecture. The flexibility in both c-clamp lobes suggest that YiuA substrate transfer resembles the Venus flytrap mechanism that has been proposed for other SBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D. Radka
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences Microbiology Theme, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Dongquan Chen
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Lawrence J. DeLucas
- Office of the Provost, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Stephen G. Aller
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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108
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Rana N, Jesse HE, Tinajero-Trejo M, Butler JA, Tarlit JD, von Und Zur Muhlen ML, Nagel C, Schatzschneider U, Poole RK. A manganese photosensitive tricarbonyl molecule [Mn(CO)3(tpa-κ 3N)]Br enhances antibiotic efficacy in a multi-drug-resistant Escherichia coli. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2017; 163:1477-1489. [PMID: 28954688 PMCID: PMC5845575 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs) are a promising class of new antimicrobials, with multiple modes of action that are distinct from those of standard antibiotics. The relentless increase in antimicrobial resistance, exacerbated by a lack of new antibiotics, necessitates a better understanding of how such novel agents act and might be used synergistically with established antibiotics. This work aimed to understand the mechanism(s) underlying synergy between a manganese-based photoactivated carbon monoxide-releasing molecule (PhotoCORM), [Mn(CO)3(tpa-κ3N)]Br [tpa=tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine], and various classes of antibiotics in their activities towards Escherichia coli EC958, a multi-drug-resistant uropathogen. The title compound acts synergistically with polymyxins [polymyxin B and colistin (polymyxin E)] by damaging the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. [Mn(CO)3(tpa-κ3N)]Br also potentiates the action of doxycycline, resulting in reduced expression of tetA, which encodes a tetracycline efflux pump. We show that, like tetracyclines, the breakdown products of [Mn(CO)3(tpa-κ3N)]Br activation chelate iron and trigger an iron starvation response, which we propose to be a further basis for the synergies observed. Conversely, media supplemented with excess iron abrogated the inhibition of growth by doxycycline and the title compound. In conclusion, multiple factors contribute to the ability of this PhotoCORM to increase the efficacy of antibiotics in the polymyxin and tetracycline families. We propose that light-activated carbon monoxide release is not the sole basis of the antimicrobial activities of [Mn(CO)3(tpa-κ3N)]Br.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Rana
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Helen E Jesse
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mariana Tinajero-Trejo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Present address: Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jonathan A Butler
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Present address: School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
| | - John D Tarlit
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Christoph Nagel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schatzschneider
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert K Poole
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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109
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Rabanal F, Cajal Y. Recent advances and perspectives in the design and development of polymyxins. Nat Prod Rep 2017. [PMID: 28628170 DOI: 10.1039/c7np00023e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 1947-early 2017, particularly from 2005-early 2017The rise of bacterial pathogens with acquired resistance to almost all available antibiotics is becoming a serious public health issue. Polymyxins, antibiotics that were mostly abandoned a few decades ago because of toxicity concerns, are ultimately considered as a last-line therapy to treat infections caused by multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria. This review surveys the progress in understanding polymyxin structure, and their chemistry, mechanisms of antibacterial activity and nephrotoxicity, biomarkers, synergy and combination with other antimicrobial agents and antibiofilm properties. An update of recent efforts in the design and development of a new generation of polymyxin drugs is also discussed. A novel approach considering the modification of the scaffold of polymyxins to integrate metabolism and detoxification issues into the drug design process is a promising new line to potentially prevent accumulation in the kidneys and reduce nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Rabanal
- Organic Chemistry Section, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Spain.
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110
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Chung ES, Lee JY, Rhee JY, Ko KS. Colistin resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa that is not linked to arnB. J Med Microbiol 2017. [PMID: 28621641 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE It is known that the arnB (or pmrH) gene encoding uridine 5'-(beta-1-threo-pentapyranosyl-4-ulose diphosphate) aminotransferase plays a critical role in colistin resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa through the addition of 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinose (l-Ara4N) to lipid A. In this study, we attempted to obtain a colistin-resistant mutant from an arnB-deleted mutant through exposure to colistin. METHODOLOGY We constructed an arnB deletion mutant (P5ΔarnB :: nptIII) from a colistin-susceptible strain (P5) by allelic replacement mutagenesis, and colistin-resistant mutants were selected in vitro using P5 and P5ΔarnB :: nptIII. The growth rate, lipid A structure, biofilm-forming activity and cell viability in diverse stressful conditions (osmotic, oxidative, acidic and heat stress) were investigated. Expression of phoP, pmrA, parR, and cprR was evaluated by qRT-PCR. RESULTS An arnB deletion mutant was shown to develop colistin resistance through the addition of l-Ara4N to lipid A, despite a low survival rate (over 1000-fold lower than that of the wild-type strain) in the media with colistin. Two colistin-resistant mutants showed higher survival rates than colistin-susceptible strains against 5 % NaCl. In the presence of acidic and heat stress, P5ΔarnB :: nptIII-CstR exhibited higher survival rates during conditions of 1 % HCl and 42 °C than the other strains. Both phoP and pmrA genes were overexpressed significantly in both colistin-resistant mutants, but parR and cprR genes were not. CONCLUSION We revealed that colistin resistance could be developed despite arnB deletion in P. aeruginosa through the addition of l-Ara4N to lipid A, which was accompanied by diverse physiological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Seon Chung
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Rhee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Soo Ko
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Velkov T, Dai C, Ciccotosto GD, Cappai R, Hoyer D, Li J. Polymyxins for CNS infections: Pharmacology and neurotoxicity. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 181:85-90. [PMID: 28750947 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) infections caused by multi-drug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria present a major health and economic burden worldwide. Due to the nearly empty antibiotic discovery pipeline, polymyxins (i.e. polymyxin B and colistin) are used as the last-line therapy against Gram-negative 'superbugs' when all other treatment modalities have failed. The treatment of CNS infections due to multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria is problematic and associated with high mortality rates. Colistin shows significant efficacy for the treatment of CNS infections caused by MDR Gram-negative bacteria that are resistant to all other antibiotics. In particular, MDR Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae which are resistant to expanded-spectrum and fourth-generation cephalosporins, carbapenems and aminoglycosides, represent a major therapeutic challenge, although they can be treated with colistin or polymyxin B. However, current dosing recommendations of intrathecal/intraventricular polymyxins are largely empirical, as we have little understanding of the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics and, importantly, we are only starting to understand the mechanisms of potential neurotoxicity. This review covers the current knowledge-base on the mechanisms of disposition and potential neurotoxicity of polymyxins as well as the combined use of neuroprotective agents to alleviate polymyxins-related neurotoxicity. Progress in this field will provide the urgently needed pharmacological information for safer and more efficacious intrathecal/intraventricular polymyxin therapy against life-threatening CNS infections caused by Gram-negative 'superbugs'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Velkov
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Chongshan Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Giuseppe D Ciccotosto
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roberto Cappai
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Hoyer
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jian Li
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Zapantis A, Lopez M, Hoffman E, Lopez A, Hamilton G. The Use of Colistin in Multidrug-Resistant Infections. Hosp Pharm 2017. [DOI: 10.1310/hpj4212-1127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This feature examines the recent rise of colistin use in multidrug-resistant infections and puts it in perspective of its historical use in terms of its safety and tolerability profile. In addition, limitations of using colistin as a first-line agent due to risk of colistin resistance and cases of pandrug resistance are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Zapantis
- Nova Southeastern University, College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL, Broward General Medical Center, Fort Lauderdale, FL
| | | | - Emily Hoffman
- Pharmacy Practice Resident, Nova Southeastern University, College of Pharmacy, Broward General Medical Center, Fort Lauderdale, FL
| | | | - Grace Hamilton
- Pharmacy Practice Resident, Florida Hospital, Orlando, FL
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113
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Hee KH, Leaw YK, Ong JL, Lee LS. Development and validation of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method quantitative determination of polymyxin B1, polymyxin B2, polymyxin B3 and isoleucine-polymyxin B1 in human plasma and its application in clinical studies. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 140:91-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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114
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Hanna SL, Huang JL, Swinton AJ, Caputo GA, Vaden TD. Synergistic effects of polymyxin and ionic liquids on lipid vesicle membrane stability and aggregation. Biophys Chem 2017; 227:1-7. [PMID: 28526567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have been investigated for potential antibacterial and antibiotic applications due to their ability to destabilize and permeabilize the lipid bilayers in cell membranes. Bacterial assays have shown that combining ILs with antibiotics can provide a synergistic enhancement of their antibacterial activities. We have characterized the mechanism by which the conventional ILs 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMICl) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIBF4) enhance the lipid membrane permeabilization of the well-known antibiotic polymyxin B (PMB). We studied the sizes and membrane permeabilities of multilamellar and unilamellar lipid bilayer vesicles in the presence of ILs alone in aqueous solution, PMB alone, and ILs combined together with PMB. Light scattering-based experiments show that vesicle sizes dramatically increase when ILs are combined with PMB, which suggests that the materials combine to synergistically enhance lipid membrane disruption leading to vesicle aggregation. Lipid bilayer leakage experiments using tris (2,2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium (II) (Ru(bpy)32+) trapped in lipid vesicles, in which the trapped Ru(bpy)32+ fluorescence lifetime increases when it leaks out of the vesicle, show that combining BMIBF4 and PMB together permeabilize the membrane significantly more than with PMB or the IL alone. This demonstrates that ILs can assist in antibiotic permeabilization of lipid bilayers which could explain the increased antibiotic activities in the presence of ILs in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia L Hanna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
| | - Jenny L Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
| | - Alana J Swinton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
| | - Gregory A Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States; Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
| | - Timothy D Vaden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States.
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Glover B, Wentzel J, Jenkins A, Van Vuuren M. The first report of Escherichia fergusonii isolated from non-human primates, in Africa. One Health 2017; 3:70-75. [PMID: 28616507 PMCID: PMC5454151 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the resistance phenotypes of selected enteric bacteria isolated from non-human primates at a wildlife-human interface. Bacterial isolates from faecal samples of non-human primates at two wildlife rehabilitation centres in South Africa were screened for the presence of Escherichia coli. The biochemical characterisation of E. coli and E. coli-like bacteria revealed both adonitol positive and sorbitol negative strains – a unique characteristic of Escherichia fergusonii and Escherichia coli K99. Further tests were carried out to identify the isolates, namely growth on Simmons citrate agar supplemented with 2% adonitol and biochemical tests based on their ability to ferment cellobiose and d-arabitol. Antimicrobial sensitivity was determined with microbroth dilution tests employing microtitre plates with 21 different antimicrobial drugs. Molecular characterisation was done with a duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay that targeted the yliE and EFER_1569 genes. E. fergusonii strains were confirmed by the presence of a 233 bp segment of the yliE gene and a 432 bp segment of the EFER_1569 gene. Twenty-three E. coli-like bacteria were confirmed as E. fergusonii based on the confirmatory tests and they were in 100% agreement. Approximately 87% of them were resistant to polymyxins B and E (colistin) as well as the carbapenem group with occasional resistance to amikacin. This is the first reported isolation and identification of E. fergusonii strains in non-human primates. The findings point to E. fergusonii as a possible emerging pathogen of zoonotic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Glover
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| | - Jeanette Wentzel
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| | - Akinbowale Jenkins
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| | - Moritz Van Vuuren
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
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Salidroside attenuates colistin-induced neurotoxicity in RSC96 Schwann cells through PI3K/Akt pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 271:67-78. [PMID: 28465020 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Neurotoxicity is a key dose-limiting factor for colistin therapy. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Salidroside on colistin-induced neurotoxicity in RSC96 Schwann cells and the underlying mechanisms. After Salidroside (12.5, 25, 50 μg/mL) treatment for 2 h, the cells were cultured with 250 μg/mL colistin for 24 h. In order to investigate the role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathway, the cells were pre-treated with LY294002 (12.5 μmol/L, a specific inhibitor of PI3K phosphorylation) for 1 h before Salidroside (50 μg/mL) treatment, then were co-cultured with colistin (250 μg/mL) for 24 h. The results showed that colistin treatment could induce apoptotic cell death which was associated with oxidative stress injury. Salidroside could reduce colistin-induced neurotoxicity, decrease the effect of colistin on the reduced expression levels of p-Akt and Bcl-2, and increased the expresion of Bax, release of Cyt c, and activation of caspase-3. However, the protective effect of Salidroside against colistin-induced apoptosis was partly abolished by LY294002. These findings suggest that Salidroside could attenuate colistin-induced neurotoxicity in RSC96 Schwann cells via the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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The antimicrobial effects of the alginate oligomer OligoG CF-5/20 are independent of direct bacterial cell membrane disruption. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44731. [PMID: 28361894 PMCID: PMC5374485 DOI: 10.1038/srep44731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Concerns about acquisition of antibiotic resistance have led to increasing demand for new antimicrobial therapies. OligoG CF-5/20 is an alginate oligosaccharide previously shown to have antimicrobial and antibiotic potentiating activity. We investigated the structural modification of the bacterial cell wall by OligoG CF-5/20 and its effect on membrane permeability. Binding of OligoG CF-5/20 to the bacterial cell surface was demonstrated in Gram-negative bacteria. Permeability assays revealed that OligoG CF-5/20 had virtually no membrane-perturbing effects. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) surface charge and aggregation were unaltered in the presence of OligoG CF-5/20. Small angle neutron scattering and circular dichroism spectroscopy showed no substantial change to the structure of LPS in the presence of OligoG CF-5/20, however, isothermal titration calorimetry demonstrated a weak calcium-mediated interaction. Metabolomic analysis confirmed no change in cellular metabolic response to a range of osmolytes when treated with OligoG CF-5/20. This data shows that, although weak interactions occur between LPS and OligoG CF-5/20 in the presence of calcium, the antimicrobial effects of OligoG CF-5/20 are not related to the induction of structural alterations in the LPS or cell permeability. These results suggest a novel mechanism of action that may avoid the common route in acquisition of resistance via LPS structural modification.
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Jefferies D, Hsu PC, Khalid S. Through the Lipopolysaccharide Glass: A Potent Antimicrobial Peptide Induces Phase Changes in Membranes. Biochemistry 2017; 56:1672-1679. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b01063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damien Jefferies
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Pin-Chia Hsu
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Syma Khalid
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K
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Klinger-Strobel M, Stein C, Forstner C, Makarewicz O, Pletz MW. Effects of colistin on biofilm matrices of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2017; 49:472-479. [PMID: 28267594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are the preferred environment of micro-organisms on various surfaces such as catheters and heart valves, are associated with numerous difficult-to-treat and recurrent infections, and confer an extreme increase in antibiotic tolerance to most compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate how colistin affects both the extracellular biofilm matrix and the embedded bacteria in biofilms of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a species with intrinsic resistance to colistin, and colistin-susceptible Escherichia coli. Biofilms of MRSA and E. coli were treated with different concentrations of colistin. The minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) and the effectiveness of colistin at reducing the planktonic fraction were defined as the remaining viable bacteria measured as CFU/mL. In addition, biofilm-embedded cells were LIVE/DEAD-stained and were analysed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Quantification of the biofilm CLSM images was conducted using an open-access in-house algorithm (qBA). In contrast to MRSA, E. coli biofilms and planktonic cells were significantly reduced by colistin in a concentration-dependent manner. Nevertheless, colistin has been shown to exert a matrix-reducing effect following treatment both in laboratory strains and clinical isolates of MRSA and E. coli. Because exposure to colistin rapidly triggered the emergence of highly resistant clones, monotherapy with colistin should be applied with caution. These results suggest that colistin destabilises the biofilm matrix structure even in species with intrinsic colistin resistance, such as S. aureus, leading to the release of planktonic cells that are more susceptible to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Klinger-Strobel
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany.
| | - Claudia Stein
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany; InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christina Forstner
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany; Department of Medicine I, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliwia Makarewicz
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany; InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Mathias W Pletz
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany; InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Zanfardino A, Criscuolo G, Di Luccia B, Pizzo E, Ciavatta M, Notomista E, Carpentieri A, Pezzella A, Varcamonti M. Identification of a new small bioactive peptide from Lactobacillus gasseri supernatant. Benef Microbes 2017; 8:133-141. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2016.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ten lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains, previously isolated from human ileal biopsy of healthy volunteers, were screened for production and secretion of molecules having anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activities. Because many recent reports indicate that LAB secreted molecules may exert immune-modulatory action, we also tested the effect on human intestinal HCT116 cells challenged with bacterial lipopolysaccharides. One of the Lactobacillus gasseri strains, SF1109, strongly inhibited: (1) Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth; (2) Escherichia coli biofilm production; (3) LPS induction of P-ERK1/2 in HCT116 cells, and was selected for further characterisation of the secreted active molecule. Cell-free supernatant of the L. gasseri SF1109 was analysed and one 1.3 kDa peptide has been characterised. Eight out twelve amino acids of this peptide were identified allowing the synthesis of an octa-peptide which still presented the mentioned activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Zanfardino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - G. Criscuolo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - B. Di Luccia
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - E. Pizzo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - M.L. Ciavatta
- CNR - Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - E. Notomista
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - A. Carpentieri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - A. Pezzella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - M. Varcamonti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
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121
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Gaglione R, Dell'Olmo E, Bosso A, Chino M, Pane K, Ascione F, Itri F, Caserta S, Amoresano A, Lombardi A, Haagsman HP, Piccoli R, Pizzo E, Veldhuizen EJA, Notomista E, Arciello A. Novel human bioactive peptides identified in Apolipoprotein B: Evaluation of their therapeutic potential. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 130:34-50. [PMID: 28131846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Host defence peptides (HDPs) are short, cationic amphipathic peptides that play a key role in the response to infection and inflammation in all complex life forms. It is increasingly emerging that HDPs generally have a modest direct activity against a broad range of microorganisms, and that their anti-infective properties are mainly due to their ability to modulate the immune response. Here, we report the recombinant production and characterization of two novel HDPs identified in human Apolipoprotein B (residues 887-922) by using a bioinformatics method recently developed by our group. We focused our attention on two variants of the identified HDP, here named r(P)ApoBL and r(P)ApoBS, 38- and 26-residue long, respectively. Both HDPs were found to be endowed with a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity while they show neither toxic nor haemolytic effects towards eukaryotic cells. Interestingly, both HDPs were found to display a significant anti-biofilm activity, and to act in synergy with either commonly used antibiotics or EDTA. The latter was selected for its ability to affect bacterial outer membrane permeability, and to sensitize bacteria to several antibiotics. Circular dichroism analyses showed that SDS, TFE, and LPS significantly alter r(P)ApoBL conformation, whereas slighter or no significant effects were detected in the case of r(P)ApoBS peptide. Interestingly, both ApoB derived peptides were found to elicit anti-inflammatory effects, being able to mitigate the production of pro-inflammatory interleukin-6 and nitric oxide in LPS induced murine macrophages. It should also be emphasized that r(P)ApoBL peptide was found to play a role in human keratinocytes wound closure in vitro. Altogether, these findings open interesting perspectives on the therapeutic use of the herein identified HDPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Gaglione
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eliana Dell'Olmo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Bosso
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Chino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Katia Pane
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Flora Ascione
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Itri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio Caserta
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy; CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), UdR INSTM Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio, 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Amoresano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Angelina Lombardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Henk P Haagsman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Renata Piccoli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Italy
| | - Elio Pizzo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Edwin J A Veldhuizen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eugenio Notomista
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Arciello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Italy.
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De Zoysa GH, Sarojini V. Feasibility Study Exploring the Potential of Novel Battacin Lipopeptides as Antimicrobial Coatings. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:1373-1383. [PMID: 27992168 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Colonization of medical implant surfaces by pathogenic microorganisms causes implant failure and undermines their clinical applicability. Alarming increase in multidrug-resistant bacteria poses serious concerns with the use of medical implants. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that form part of the innate immune system in all forms of life are attractive alternatives to conventional antibiotics to treat multidrug-resistant bacterial biofilms. The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro antibacterial potency of our recently discovered lipopeptides from the battacin family upon immobilization to various surfaces. To achieve this, glass, silicon, and titanium surfaces were functionalized through silanization followed by addition of the heterobifunctional cross-linker, succinimidyl-[N-maleimidopropionamido]-poly(ethylene glycol) ester to generate maleimide-functionalized surfaces. The lipopeptide, GZ3.27, with an added N-terminal cysteine was covalently coupled to the surfaces via a thioether bond through a Michael-type addition between the cysteine sulfhydryl group and the maleimide moiety. Success of surface immobilization and antimicrobial activity of the coated surfaces was assessed using water contact angle measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ellipsometry, scanning electron microscopy, colony forming unit assays and biofilm analysis. The lipopeptide-coated surfaces caused significant damage to the cellular envelop of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) upon contact and prevented surface colonization by P. aeruginosa and E. coli biofilms. The lipopeptides investigated in this study were not hemolytic to mouse blood cells in solution. Findings from this study indicate that these lipopeptides have the potential to be developed as promising antimicrobial coatings on medical implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayan Heruka De Zoysa
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Vijayalekshmi Sarojini
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
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123
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Holloway KP, Rouphael NG, Wells JB, King MD, Blumberg HM. Polymyxin B and Doxycycline Use in Patients with Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Infections in the Intensive Care Unit. Ann Pharmacother 2016; 40:1939-45. [PMID: 17018688 DOI: 10.1345/aph.1h353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR-Ab) has emerged as an increasingly problematic cause of hospital-acquired infections in the intensive care unit (ICU). MDR-Ab is resistant to most standard antimicrobials but often retains susceptibility to polymyxin B and doxycycline. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of polymyxin B and doxycycline in the treatment of MDR-Ab infections. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted between March 2002 and May 2005 in patients who received doxycycline or polymyxin B for treatment of MDR-Ab infections in ICUs within Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA. Results: Thirty-seven patients with MDR-Ab infections were treated with polymyxin B or doxycycline. Median age was 41 years and median ICU length of stay was 18 days prior to acquisition of MDR-Ab. Clinical cure was observed in 22 of 29 (76%) evaluable patients treated with polymyxin B and 2 of 4 (50%) patients treated with doxycycline. In patients with follow-up cultures, microbiological cure was observed in 17 of 21 (81%) patients treated with polymyxin B and 2 of 3 (67%) patients treated with doxycycline. Nephrotoxicity developed in 21% (7 of 33) of patients who received polymyxin B. Neurotoxicity was observed in 2 (6%) patients who received polymyxin B. No adverse reactions were observed with doxycycline. Overall, crude mortality was 27% (9 of 33) and 75% (3 of 4) among those who received polymyxin B and doxycycline, respectively. Three (9%) deaths were attributed to polymyxin B treatment failure, and no deaths were attributed to doxycycline treatment failure. Conclusions: Polymyxin B was effectively used to treat a substantial proportion of critically ill patients with MDR-Ab infection and was associated with a similar rate of nephrotoxicity as previously reported. Doxycycline monotherapy was used in a limited number of patients for the treatment of MDR-Ab; further evaluation of its efficacy in larger numbers of patients is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine P Holloway
- Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical and Administrative Sciences, Mercer University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Atlanta, GA 30341-4155, USA.
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124
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An engineered outer membrane pore enables an efficient oxygenation of aromatics and terpenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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125
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Jin J, Hsieh YH, Cui J, Damera K, Dai C, Chaudhary AS, Zhang H, Yang H, Cao N, Jiang C, Vaara M, Wang B, Tai PC. Using Chemical Probes to Assess the Feasibility of Targeting SecA for Developing Antimicrobial Agents against Gram-Negative Bacteria. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:2511-2521. [PMID: 27753464 PMCID: PMC5189635 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
With the widespread emergence of drug resistance, there is an urgent need to search for new antimicrobials, especially those against Gram-negative bacteria. Along this line, the identification of viable targets is a critical first step. The protein translocase SecA is commonly believed to be an excellent target for the development of broad-spectrum antimicrobials. In recent years, we developed three structural classes of SecA inhibitors that have proven to be very effective against Gram-positive bacteria. However, we have not achieved the same level of success against Gram-negative bacteria, despite the potent inhibition of SecA in enzyme assays by the same inhibitors. In this study, we use representative inhibitors as chemical probes to gain an understanding as to why these inhibitors were not effective against Gram-negative bacteria. The results validate our initial postulation that the major difference in effectiveness against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria is in the additional permeability barrier posed by the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. We also found that the expression of efflux pumps, which are responsible for multidrug resistance (MDR), have no effect on the effectiveness of these SecA inhibitors. Identification of an inhibitor-resistant mutant and complementation tests of the plasmids containing secA in a secAts mutant showed that a single secA-azi-9 mutation increased the resistance, providing genetic evidence that SecA is indeed the target of these inhibitors in bacteria. Such results strongly suggest SecA as an excellent target for developing effective antimicrobials against Gram-negative bacteria with the intrinsic ability to overcome MDR. A key future research direction should be the optimization of membrane permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshan Jin
- Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - Ying-Hsin Hsieh
- Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - Jianmei Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - Krishna Damera
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - Chaofeng Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - Arpana S. Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - Hsiuchin Yang
- Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - Nannan Cao
- Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - Chun Jiang
- Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - Martti Vaara
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00029 HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland, and Northern Antibiotics Ltd, FI-00720, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - Phang C. Tai
- Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303
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Samant P, Ramugade S. Successful use of intravitreal and systemic colistin in treating multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa post-operative endophthalmitis. Indian J Ophthalmol 2016; 62:1167-70. [PMID: 25579363 PMCID: PMC4313502 DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.126991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case series of post-operative endophthalmitis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A total of 8 patients operated for cataract, were referred to our facility with acute onset of decreased vision 1-2 days following surgery. All patients had clinical evidence of acute exogenous endophthalmitis with severe anterior chamber exudative reaction. Ocular samples (aqueous aspirate and vitreous tap) for microbiology were taken from all eyes. Microbiology from all revealed P. aeruginosa which was resistant to all antibiotics except colistin. With prompt and accurate microbiological support it was possible to control the infection in all the eyes with the use of colistin intravitreally and intravenously which to the best of our knowledge, has been never reported. Intravitreal injection of colistin could be an option effective in the management of multi-drug-resistant endophthalmitis caused by Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preetam Samant
- Department of Ophthalmology, P. D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Center, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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127
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Aminov R. History of antimicrobial drug discovery: Major classes and health impact. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 133:4-19. [PMID: 27720719 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of antibiotics into clinical practice revolutionized the treatment and management of infectious diseases. Before the introduction of antibiotics, these diseases were the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in human populations. This review presents a brief history of discovery of the main antimicrobial classes (arsphenamines, β-lactams, sulphonamides, polypeptides, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, amphenicols, lipopeptides, macrolides, oxazolidinones, glycopeptides, streptogramins, ansamycins, quinolones, and lincosamides) that have changed the landscape of contemporary medicine. Given within a historical timeline context, the review discusses how the introduction of certain antimicrobial classes affected the morbidity and mortality rates due to bacterial infectious diseases in human populations. Problems of resistance to antibiotics of different classes are also extensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rustam Aminov
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom.
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128
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Trimble MJ, Mlynárčik P, Kolář M, Hancock REW. Polymyxin: Alternative Mechanisms of Action and Resistance. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2016; 6:cshperspect.a025288. [PMID: 27503996 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a025288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria is an ever-increasing issue worldwide. Unfortunately, very little has been achieved in the pharmaceutical industry to combat this problem. This has led researchers and the medical field to revisit past drugs that were deemed too toxic for clinical use. In particular, the cyclic cationic peptides polymyxin B and colistin, which are specific for Gram-negative bacteria, have been used as "last resort" antimicrobials. Before the 1980s, these drugs were known for their renal and neural toxicities; however, new clinical practices and possibly improved manufacturing have made them safer to use. Previously suggested to primarily attack the membranes of Gram-negative bacteria and to not easily select for resistant mutants, recent research exploring resistance and mechanisms of action has provided new perspectives. This review focuses primarily on the proposed alternative mechanisms of action, known resistance mechanisms, and how these support the alternative mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Trimble
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Patrik Mlynárčik
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, 771 47 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Kolář
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, 771 47 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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129
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Carvalho AS, Oliveira LDD, Cardoso FGDR, Oliveira FED, Valera MC, Carvalho CAT. Limewater and Polymyxin B Associated with NaOCl for Endotoxin Detoxification in Root Canal with Necrotic Pulp. Braz Dent J 2016; 27:573-577. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201600934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract This clinical study investigated the effects of endodontic treatment by using different irrigants (limewater + NaOCl and polymyxin B + NaOCl) and intracanal medication on endotoxins in teeth with primary endodontic infection and radiographically visible apical periodontitis. Thirty-three teeth with necrotic pulp and periapical lesions from different patients were selected for this study. Samples were collected after the coronal opening (S1) and after instrumentation (S2). Root canals were divided in 3 groups (n = 11) according to the irrigant combination used: NaOCl + LW: 2.5% NaOCl + calcium hydroxide solution (0.14%, limewater); NaOCl + PmB: 2.5% NaOCl + 10.000 UI/mL polymyxin B; 2.5% NaOCl (control). The third sampling (S3) was performed after ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and the fourth (S4) after samples got 14 days with intracanal medication with 2% chlorhexidine gel + calcium hydroxide. Endotoxins (lipopolysaccharide) were quantified by chromogenic Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL). Endotoxins were detected in all root canals after the coronal opening (S1). NaOCl + PmB group presented the greatest endotoxin reduction after instrumentation (76.17%), similar to NaOCl + LW group (67.64%, p<0.05) and different from NaOCl group (42.17%, p<0.05). After intracanal medication period (S4), there was significant increase of endotoxins neutralization. It was concluded that NaOCl + PmB promoted the greatest reduction of endotoxin levels, followed by NaOCl + LW. Intracanal medications had no significant complementary role in the reduction of endotoxins at the end of the treatment
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130
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Colistin enhances therapeutic efficacy of daptomycin or teicoplanin in a murine model of multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii sepsis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 86:392-398. [PMID: 27712928 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the efficacy of colistin combined with teicoplanin or daptomycin in an experimental mouse model of multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii infection. Animal received intraperitoneally 1ml saline containing 2×1010CFU of A. baumannii. Colistin, daptomycin, teicoplanin, and colistin plus daptomycin or teicoplanin were given by intraperitoneal administration 2h after bacterial challenge. A control group received sodium chloride solution. In the in vitro study A. baumannii showed to be susceptible only to colistin with MIC of 2mg/l. In the in vivo study, colistin alone showed a good antimicrobial efficacy. When combined with teicoplanin or daptomycin, colistin produced the lowest bacterial and the best survival rates. In immunological studies, when colistin was associated to daptomycin or teicoplanin, both the number and the cytotoxic activity of NK cells increased. In conclusion, colistin combined with teicoplanin or daptomycin may improve the therapy of multiresistant A. baumannii infection.
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131
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Park SY, Park MS, Chung CR, Kim JS, Park SJ, Lee HB. Clinical Effectiveness and Nephrotoxicity of Aerosolized Colistin Treatment in Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Pneumonia. Korean J Crit Care Med 2016. [DOI: 10.4266/kjccm.2016.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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132
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Transcriptomic Analysis of the Activity of a Novel Polymyxin against Staphylococcus aureus. mSphere 2016; 1:mSphere00119-16. [PMID: 27471750 PMCID: PMC4963539 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00119-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
S. aureus is currently one of the most pervasive multidrug-resistant pathogens and commonly causes nosocomial infections. Clinicians are faced with a dwindling armamentarium to treat infections caused by S. aureus, as resistance develops to current antibiotics. This accentuates the urgent need for antimicrobial drug discovery. In the present study, we characterized the global gene expression profile of S. aureus treated with FADDI-019, a novel synthetic polymyxin analogue. In contrast to the concentration-dependent killing and rapid regrowth in Gram-negative bacteria treated with polymyxin B and colistin, FADDI-019 killed S. aureus progressively without regrowth at 24 h. Notably, FADDI-019 activated several vancomycin resistance genes and significantly downregulated the expression of a number of virulence determinants and enterotoxin genes. A synergistic combination with sulfamethoxazole was predicted by pathway analysis and demonstrated experimentally. This is the first study revealing the transcriptomics of S. aureus treated with a novel synthetic polymyxin analog. Polymyxin B and colistin are exclusively active against Gram-negative pathogens and have been used in the clinic as a last-line therapy. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of a novel polymyxin, FADDI-019, against Staphylococcus aureus. MIC and time-kill assays were employed to measure the activity of FADDI-019 against S. aureus ATCC 700699. Cell morphology was examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and cell membrane polarity was measured using flow cytometry. Transcriptome changes caused by FADDI-019 treatment were investigated using transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq). Pathway analysis was conducted to examine the mechanism of the antibacterial activity of FADDI-019 and to rationally design a synergistic combination. Polymyxin B and colistin were not active against S. aureus strains with MICs of >128 mg/liter; however, FADDI-019 had a MIC of 16 mg/liter. Time-kill assays revealed that no S. aureus regrowth was observed after 24 h at 2× to 4× MIC of FADDI-019. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and flow cytometry results indicated that FADDI-019 treatment had no effect on cell morphology but caused membrane depolarization. The vancomycin resistance genes vraRS, as well as the VraRS regulon, were activated by FADDI-019. Virulence determinants controlled by SaeRS and the expression of enterotoxin genes yent2, sei, sem, and seo were significantly downregulated by FADDI-019. Pathway analysis of transcriptomic data was predictive of a synergistic combination comprising FADDI-019 and sulfamethoxazole. Our study is the first to examine the mechanism of the killing of a novel polymyxin against S. aureus. We also show the potential of transcriptomic and pathway analysis as tools to design synergistic antibiotic combinations. IMPORTANCES. aureus is currently one of the most pervasive multidrug-resistant pathogens and commonly causes nosocomial infections. Clinicians are faced with a dwindling armamentarium to treat infections caused by S. aureus, as resistance develops to current antibiotics. This accentuates the urgent need for antimicrobial drug discovery. In the present study, we characterized the global gene expression profile of S. aureus treated with FADDI-019, a novel synthetic polymyxin analogue. In contrast to the concentration-dependent killing and rapid regrowth in Gram-negative bacteria treated with polymyxin B and colistin, FADDI-019 killed S. aureus progressively without regrowth at 24 h. Notably, FADDI-019 activated several vancomycin resistance genes and significantly downregulated the expression of a number of virulence determinants and enterotoxin genes. A synergistic combination with sulfamethoxazole was predicted by pathway analysis and demonstrated experimentally. This is the first study revealing the transcriptomics of S. aureus treated with a novel synthetic polymyxin analog.
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133
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Bedenić B, Beader N, Godič-Torkar K, Prahin E, Mihaljević L, Ćačić M, Vraneš J. Postantibiotic effect of colistin alone and combined with vancomycin or meropenem against Acinetobacter spp. with well defined resistance mechanisms. J Chemother 2016; 28:375-82. [DOI: 10.1179/1973947815y.0000000062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Branka Bedenić
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Natasa Beader
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Karmen Godič-Torkar
- Department for Sanitary Engeneering, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Esmina Prahin
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ljiljana Mihaljević
- Department of Gynecology and Opstetrics, Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Jasmina Vraneš
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Microbiology, Zagreb Institute of Public Health, ‘Andrija Štampar’, Croatia
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134
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Choi IS, Lee YJ, Wi YM, Kwan BS, Jung KH, Hong WP, Kim JM. Predictors of mortality in patients with extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia receiving colistin therapy. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2016; 48:175-80. [PMID: 27423416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The ratio of the area under the free (unbound) concentration-time curve to minimum inhibitory concentration (fAUC/MIC) was proposed to be the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic index most strongly linked to the antibacterial effect of colistin against Acinetobacter baumannii. A retrospective study of patients who received colistin to treat pneumonia caused by extensively drug-resistant (XDR) A. baumannii over a 4-year period was performed to assess the impact of the colistin MIC on mortality. A total of 227 patients were included in the analysis. The 7-day and 14-day mortality rates of patients with XDR A. baumannii pneumonia receiving colistin therapy were 15.0% and 23.8%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, days from index culture to first dose of colistin, underlying tumour and septic shock at presentation were independent predictors of mortality in patients with XDR A. baumannii pneumonia receiving colistin therapy. In the univariate analysis, the colistin dose based on ideal body weight (IBW) correlated with patient outcome. Therefore, the use of IBW appeared to be more appropriate to calculate the colistin dosage. In addition, these results highlight the clinical significance of colistin MIC in patients with XDR A. baumannii pneumonia receiving colistin therapy. Although MICs were in the 'susceptible' range, patients infected with isolates with high colistin MICs showed a poorer clinical response rate than patients infected with isolates with low colistin MICs. Further clinical studies are needed to evaluate the roles of colistin MIC for predicting mortality in XDR A. baumannii pneumonia with a high colistin MIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ik Sung Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Ji Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Mi Wi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicine, The Graduate School of Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung Soo Kwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kae Hwa Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Pyo Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - June Myong Kim
- Department of Medicine, The Graduate School of Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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135
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The induction and identification of novel Colistin resistance mutations in Acinetobacter baumannii and their implications. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28291. [PMID: 27329501 PMCID: PMC4916428 DOI: 10.1038/srep28291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a significant cause of opportunistic hospital acquired infection and has been identified as an important emerging infection due to its high levels of antimicrobial resistance. Multidrug resistant A. baumannii has risen rapidly in Vietnam, where colistin is becoming the drug of last resort for many infections. In this study we generated spontaneous colistin resistant progeny (up to >256 μg/μl) from four colistin susceptible Vietnamese isolates and one susceptible reference strain (MIC <1.5 μg/μl). Whole genome sequencing was used to identify single nucleotide mutations that could be attributed to the reduced colistin susceptibility. We identified six lpxACD and three pmrB mutations, the majority of which were novel. In addition, we identified further mutations in six A. baumannii genes (vacJ, pldA, ttg2C, pheS and conserved hypothetical protein) that we hypothesise have a role in reduced colistin susceptibility. This study has identified additional mutations that may be associated with colistin resistance through novel resistance mechanisms. Our work further demonstrates how rapidly A. baumannii can generate resistance to a last resort antimicrobial and highlights the need for improved surveillance to identified A. baumannii with an extensive drug resistance profile.
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136
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Abstract
Polymyxins have emerged as an important last-line of defense against Gram-negative ‘superbugs’. Unfortunately, the effective use of polymyxins in the clinic has been hampered by their nephrotoxic side effects. Over the last 10 years various industry and academic groups across the globe have been trying to develop new polymyxins that are safer and more efficacious than the currently approved polymyxin B and colistin. However these drug discovery programs are yet to deliver a new and improved polymyxin drug into the clinic. In this piece we provide an overview of the current state of these polymyxin drug discovery programs from a medicinal chemistry perspective as well as some thoughts on how future drug discovery efforts may ultimately find success.
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137
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Yang X, Huang E, Yuan C, Zhang L, Yousef AE. Isolation and Structural Elucidation of Brevibacillin, an Antimicrobial Lipopeptide from Brevibacillus laterosporus That Combats Drug-Resistant Gram-Positive Bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:2763-2772. [PMID: 26921428 PMCID: PMC4836408 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00315-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A new environmental bacterial strain exhibited strong antimicrobial characteristics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant strains of Enterococcus faecalis and Lactobacillus plantarum, and other Gram-positive bacteria. The producer strain, designated OSY-I1, was determined to be Brevibacillus laterosporusvia morphological, biochemical, and genetic analyses. The antimicrobial agent was extracted from cells of OSY-I1 with isopropanol, purified by high-performance liquid chromatography, and structurally analyzed using mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The MS and NMR results, taken together, uncovered a linear lipopeptide consisting of 13 amino acids and an N-terminal C6 fatty acid (FA) chain, 2-hydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid. The lipopeptide (FA-Dhb-Leu-Orn-Ile-Ile-Val-Lys-Val-Val-Lys-Tyr-Leu-valinol, where Dhb is α,β-didehydrobutyric acid and valinol is 2-amino-3-methyl-1-butanol) has a molecular mass of 1,583.0794 Da and contains three modified amino acid residues: α,β-didehydrobutyric acid, ornithine, and valinol. The compound, designated brevibacillin, was determined to be a member of a cationic lipopeptide antibiotic family. In addition to its potency against drug-resistant bacteria, brevibacillin also exhibited low MICs (1 to 8 μg/ml) against selected foodborne pathogenic and spoilage bacteria, such as Listeria monocytogenes,Bacillus cereus, and Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris Purified brevibacillin showed no sign of degradation when it was held at 80 °C for 60 min, and it retained at least 50% of its antimicrobial activity when it was held for 22 h under acidic or alkaline conditions. On the basis of these findings, brevibacillin is a potent antimicrobial lipopeptide which is potentially useful to combat drug-resistant bacterial pathogens and foodborne pathogenic and spoilage bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - En Huang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Chunhua Yuan
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Facility, Campus Chemical Instrument Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Campus Chemical Instrument Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ahmed E Yousef
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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138
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Insua I, Liamas E, Zhang Z, Peacock AFA, Krachler AM, Fernandez-Trillo F. Enzyme-responsive polyion complex (PIC) nanoparticles for the targeted delivery of antimicrobial polymers. Polym Chem 2016; 7:2684-2690. [PMID: 27148427 PMCID: PMC4841106 DOI: 10.1039/c6py00146g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Here we present new enzyme-responsive polyion complex (PIC) nanoparticles prepared from antimicrobial poly(ethylene imine) and an anionic enzyme-responsive peptide targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa's elastase.
Here we present new enzyme-responsive polyion complex (PIC) nanoparticles prepared from antimicrobial poly(ethylene imine) and an anionic enzyme-responsive peptide targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa's elastase. The synthetic conditions used to prepare these nanomaterials allowed us to optimise particle size and charge, and their stability under physiological conditions. We demonstrate that these enzyme responsive PIC nanoparticles are selectively degraded in the presence of P. aeruginosa elastase without being affected by other endogenous elastases. This enzyme-responsive PIC particle can exert an elastase-specific antimicrobial effect against P. aeruginosa without affecting non-pathogenic strains of these bacteria. These targeted enzyme-responsive PIC nanoparticles constitute a novel platform for the delivery of antimicrobial peptides and polymers, and can be a powerful tool in the current race against antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Insua
- School of Chemistry , University of Birmingham , B15 2TT Birmingham , UK
| | - Evangelos Liamas
- School of Chemical Engineering , University of Birmingham , B15 2TT Birmingham , UK
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering , University of Birmingham , B15 2TT Birmingham , UK
| | - Anna F A Peacock
- School of Chemistry , University of Birmingham , B15 2TT Birmingham , UK
| | - Anne Marie Krachler
- School of Biosciences , University of Birmingham , B15 2TT Birmingham , UK ; Institute of Microbiology and Infection , University of Birmingham , B15 2TT Birmingham , UK .
| | - Francisco Fernandez-Trillo
- School of Chemistry , University of Birmingham , B15 2TT Birmingham , UK ; Institute of Microbiology and Infection , University of Birmingham , B15 2TT Birmingham , UK .
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139
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Lee MH, Lee J, Nam YD, Lee JS, Seo MJ, Yi SH. Characterization of antimicrobial lipopeptides produced by Bacillus sp. LM7 isolated from chungkookjang, a Korean traditional fermented soybean food. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 221:12-18. [PMID: 26803269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A wild-type microorganism exhibiting antimicrobial activities was isolated from the Korean traditional fermented soybean food Chungkookjang and identified as Bacillus sp. LM7. During its stationary growth phase, the microorganism secreted an antimicrobial substance, which we partially purified using a simple two-step procedure involving ammonium sulfate precipitation and heat treatment. The partially purified antimicrobial substance, Anti-LM7, was stable over a broad pH range (4.0-9.0) and at temperatures up to 80 °C for 30 min, and was resistant to most proteolytic enzymes and maintained its activity in 30% (v/v) organic solvents. Anti-LM7 inhibited the growth of a broad range of Gram-positive bacteria, including Bacillus cereus and Listeria monocytogenes, but it did not inhibit lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis. Moreover, unlike commercially available nisin and polymyxin B, Anti-LM7 inhibited certain fungal strains. Lastly, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of Anti-LM7 revealed that it contained eight lipopeptides belonging to two families: four bacillomycin D and four surfactin analogs. These Bacillus sp. LM7-produced heterogeneous lipopeptides exhibiting extremely high stability and a broad antimicrobial spectrum are likely to be closely related to the antimicrobial activity of Chungkookjang, and their identification presents an opportunity for application of the peptides in environmental bioremediation, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hwa Lee
- Bacterial Resources Research Team, Freshwater Bioresources Research Division, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resource, Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37242, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Lee
- Gut Microbiome Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Sungnam, Gyeonggi-Do, 463-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Do Nam
- Gut Microbiome Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Sungnam, Gyeonggi-Do, 463-746, Republic of Korea; Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Suk Lee
- Biocenter, Gyeonggi Institute of Science & Technology Promotion(GSTEP), Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 443-270, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Ji Seo
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Hun Yi
- Korea Food Research Institute, Sungnam, Gyeonggi-Do, 463-746, Republic of Korea.
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140
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Rottbøll LAH, Friis C. Penetration of antimicrobials to pulmonary epithelial lining fluid and muscle and impact of drug physicochemical properties determined by microdialysis. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2015; 78:58-65. [PMID: 26645525 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objectives of this study were to characterize antimicrobial drug penetration into the pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF) and extracellular fluid (ECF) of muscle in relation to physicochemical properties of the drugs (molecular mass, Log D, polar surface area and charge), using intrabronchial microdialysis. The series of drugs tested include gentamicin, sulfadiazine, cefquinome, minocycline and colistin. METHODS Drug concentrations were measured during 2h of steady state plasma drug concentrations at therapeutic levels in anesthetized pigs. Microdialysis probes were positioned 2 to 4cm distal to the tracheal bifurcature and in M. gluteobiceps and were calibrated by retrodialysis by drug. RESULTS Mean AUCPELF/PLASMA(fu) and mean AUCMUSCLE/PLASMA(fu) ratios were respectively for gentamicin (0.8, 0.7), sulfadiazine (1.1, 0.7), cefquinome (1.3, 1.5) minocycline (1.6, 0.7) and colistin (0.26, 0.12). The penetration of drugs into PELF (r(2)=0.55-0.77, p=0.0004-0.0089) and ECF of muscle (r(2)=0.39-0.53, p=0.0108-0.0397) was positively correlated to Log D, whereas molecular mass, polar surface area and charge were negatively correlated to drug penetration. Sulfadiazine, gentamicin, cefquinome and colistin had similar penetration ratios into PELF and ECF of muscle, ranging from 0.12 to 1.50. DISCUSSION In conclusion, drug penetration into PELF and ECF of muscle is correlated to mass, lipophilicity, polarity and charge of the drugs. Drug partition into ECF of muscle and PELF are similar for the passively transported drugs gentamicin, sulfadiazine, cefquinome and colistin, whereas minocycline appears to be actively transported into PELF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Amanda Holm Rottbøll
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Denmark.
| | - Christian Friis
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Denmark.
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141
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Lu X, Chan T, Xu C, Zhu L, Zhou QT, Roberts KD, Chan HK, Li J, Zhou F. Human oligopeptide transporter 2 (PEPT2) mediates cellular uptake of polymyxins. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015; 71:403-12. [PMID: 26494147 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Polymyxins are a last-line therapy to treat MDR Gram-negative bacterial infections. Nephrotoxicity is the dose-limiting factor for polymyxins and recent studies demonstrated significant accumulation of polymyxins in renal tubular cells. However, little is known about the mechanism of polymyxin uptake into these cells. Oligopeptide transporter 2 (PEPT2) is a solute carrier transporter (SLC) expressed at the apical membrane of renal proximal tubular cells and facilitates drug reabsorption in the kidney. In this study, we examined the role of PEPT2 in polymyxin uptake into renal tubular cells. METHODS We investigated the inhibitory effects of colistin and polymyxin B on the substrate uptake mediated through 15 essential SLCs in overexpressing HEK293 cells. The inhibitory potency of both polymyxins on PEPT2-mediated substrate uptake was measured. Fluorescence imaging was employed to investigate PEPT2-mediated uptake of the polymyxin fluorescent probe MIPS-9541 and a transport assay was conducted with MIPS-9541 and [(3)H]polymyxin B1. RESULTS Colistin and polymyxin B potently inhibited PEPT2-mediated [(3)H]glycyl-sarcosine uptake (IC50 11.4 ± 3.1 and 18.3 ± 4.2 μM, respectively). In contrast, they had no or only mild inhibitory effects on the transport activity of the other 14 SLCs evaluated. MIPS-9541 potently inhibited PEPT2-mediated [(3)H]glycyl-sarcosine uptake (IC50 15.9 μM) and is also a substrate of PEPT2 (Km 74.9 μM). [(3)H]polymyxin B1 was also significantly taken up by PEPT2-expressing cells (Km 87.3 μM). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides the first evidence of PEPT2-mediated uptake of polymyxins and contributes to a better understanding of the accumulation of polymyxins in renal tubular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Lu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ting Chan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Chenghao Xu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ling Zhu
- Retinal Therapeutics Research Group, Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Qi Tony Zhou
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2091, USA
| | - Kade D Roberts
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Hak-Kim Chan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jian Li
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Fanfan Zhou
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
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142
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Impact of a Cross-Kingdom Signaling Molecule of Candida albicans on Acinetobacter baumannii Physiology. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 60:161-7. [PMID: 26482299 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01540-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic human pathogen that has become highly problematic in the clinical environment. Novel therapies are desperately required. To assist in identifying new therapeutic targets, the antagonistic interactions between A. baumannii and the most common human fungal pathogen, Candida albicans, were studied. We have observed that the C. albicans quorum-sensing molecule, farnesol, has cross-kingdom interactions, affecting the viability of A. baumannii. To gain an understanding of its mechanism, the transcriptional profile of A. baumannii exposed to farnesol was examined. Farnesol caused dysregulation of a large number of genes involved in cell membrane biogenesis, multidrug efflux pumps (AcrAB-like and AdeIJK-like), and A. baumannii virulence traits such as biofilm formation (csuA, csuB, and ompA) and motility (pilZ and pilH). We also observed a strong induction in genes involved in cell division (minD, minE, ftsK, ftsB, and ftsL). These transcriptional data were supported by functional assays showing that farnesol disrupts A. baumannii cell membrane integrity, alters cell morphology, and impairs virulence characteristics such as biofilm formation and twitching motility. Moreover, we showed that A. baumannii uses efflux pumps as a defense mechanism against this eukaryotic signaling molecule. Owing to its effects on membrane integrity, farnesol was tested to see if it potentiated the activity of the membrane-acting polymyxin antibiotic colistin. When coadministered, farnesol increased sensitivity to colistin for otherwise resistant strains. These data provide mechanistic understanding of the antagonistic interactions between diverse pathogens and may provide important insights into novel therapeutic strategies.
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143
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El Zowalaty ME, Al Thani AA, Webster TJ, El Zowalaty AE, Schweizer HP, Nasrallah GK, Marei HE, Ashour HM. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: arsenal of resistance mechanisms, decades of changing resistance profiles, and future antimicrobial therapies. Future Microbiol 2015; 10:1683-706. [PMID: 26439366 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.15.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most serious public health issues facing humans since the discovery of antimicrobial agents. The frequent, prolonged, and uncontrolled use of antimicrobial agents are major factors in the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial strains, including multidrug-resistant variants. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of nosocomial infections. The abundant data on the increased resistance to antipseudomonal agents support the need for global action. There is a paucity of new classes of antibiotics active against P. aeruginosa. Here, we discuss recent antibacterial resistance profiles and mechanisms of resistance by P. aeruginosa. We also review future potential methods for controlling antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as phage therapy, nanotechnology and antipseudomonal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E El Zowalaty
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,BioMedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, PO Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Asmaa A Al Thani
- BioMedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, PO Box 2713, Qatar.,Department of Health Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02018, USA.,Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed E El Zowalaty
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Herbert P Schweizer
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.,Emerging Pathogens Institute, Institute for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Gheyath K Nasrallah
- BioMedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, PO Box 2713, Qatar.,Department of Health Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Hany E Marei
- BioMedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, PO Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Hossam M Ashour
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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144
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van Breda SV, Buys A, Apostolides Z, Nardell EA, Stoltz AC. The antimicrobial effect of colistin methanesulfonate on Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2015; 95:440-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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146
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Stokowa-Sołtys K, Kasprowicz A, Wrzesiński J, Ciesiołka J, Gaggelli N, Gaggelli E, Valensin G, Jeżowska-Bojczuk M. Impact of Cu(2+) ions on the structure of colistin and cell-free system nucleic acid degradation. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 151:67-74. [PMID: 26028475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Colistin and transition metal ions are commonly used as feed additives for livestock animals. This work presents the results of an analysis of combined potentiometric and spectroscopic (UV-vis, EPR, CD, NMR) data which lead to conclude that colistin is able to effectively chelate copper(II) ions. In cell-free system the oxidative activity of the complex manifests itself in the plasmid DNA destruction with simultaneous generation of reactive OH species, when accompanied by hydrogen peroxide or ascorbic acid. The degradation of RNA occurs most likely via a hydrolytic mechanism not only for complexed compound but also colistin alone. Therefore, huge amounts of the used antibiotic for nontherapeutic purposes might have a potential influence on livestock health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Stokowa-Sołtys
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Kasprowicz
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jan Wrzesiński
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jerzy Ciesiołka
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
| | - Nicola Gaggelli
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy Via Aldo Moro, 2-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Gaggelli
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy Via Aldo Moro, 2-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Gianni Valensin
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy Via Aldo Moro, 2-53100 Siena, Italy
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147
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Löffler S, Libberton B, Richter-Dahlfors A. Organic bioelectronics in infection. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:4979-4992. [PMID: 32262450 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00382b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Organic bioelectronics is a rapidly growing field of both academic and industrial interest. Specific attributes make this class of materials particularly interesting for biomedical and medical applications, and a whole new class of biologically compatible devices is being created owing to structural and functional similarities to biological systems. In parallel, modern advances in biomedical research call for dynamically controllable systems. In infection biology, a progressing bacterial infection can be studied dynamically, at much higher resolution and on a smaller spatial scale than ever before, and it is now understood that minute changes in the tissue microenvironment play pivotal roles in the outcome of infections. This review merges the fields of infection biology and organic bioelectronics, describing the ability of conducting polymer devices to sense, modify, and interact with the infected tissue microenvironment. Though the primary focus is from the perspective of bacterial infections, general examples from cell biology and regenerative medicine are included where relevant. Spatially and temporally controlled biomimetic in vitro systems will greatly aid our molecular understanding of the infection process, thereby providing exciting opportunities for organic bioelectronics in future diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Löffler
- Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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148
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Niu H, Cui P, Shi W, Zhang S, Feng J, Wang Y, Sullivan D, Zhang W, Zhu B, Zhang Y. Identification of Anti-Persister Activity against Uropathogenic Escherichia coli from a Clinical Drug Library. Antibiotics (Basel) 2015; 4:179-87. [PMID: 27025620 PMCID: PMC4790332 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics4020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Uropathogenic E. coli is a major cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs), but current antibiotics do not always effectively clear the persistent infection. To identify drugs that eliminate uropathogenic E. coli persisters, we screened a clinical drug library consisting of 1524 compounds using high throughput drug exposure assay in 96-well plates. Bacterial survival was assessed by growth on LB plates. We identified 14 drug candidates (tosufloxacin, colistin, sparfloxacin, moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin, enrofloxacin and sarafloxacin, octodrine, clofoctol, dibekacin, cephalosporin C, pazufloxacin, streptomycin and neomycin), which had high anti-persister activity. Among them, tosufloxacin and colistin had the highest anti-persister activity and could completely eradicate E. coli persisters in 3 days in vitro while the current UTI antibiotics failed to do so. Our findings may have implications for the development of a more effective treatment for UTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Niu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research and Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Peng Cui
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Wanliang Shi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Jie Feng
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Lab, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China.
| | - David Sullivan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Wenhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Bingdong Zhu
- Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research and Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Infections caused by multi-drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, particularly Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae, that cause nosocomial infections, represent a growing problem worldwide. The rapid increase in the prevalence of Gram-negative pathogens that are resistant to fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides as well as all β-lactams, including carbapenems, monobactam, cephalosporins and broad-spectrum penicillins, has prompted the reconsideration of colistin as a valid therapeutic option. Colistin is an old class of cationic, which act by disrupting the bacterial membranes resulting in cellular death. Although there has been a significant recent increase in the data gathered on colistin, focusing on its chemistry, antibacterial activity, mechanism of action and resistance, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and new clinical application, the prevalence of colistin resistance has been very little reported in the literature. This review concentrates on recent literature aimed at optimizing the clinical use of this important antibiotic. METHODS The available evidence from various studies (microbiological and clinical studies, retrieved from the PubMed, and Scopus databases) regarding the mechanisms and prevalence of resistance was evaluated. RESULTS Increasing use of colistin for treatment of infections caused by these bacteria has led to the emergence of colistin resistance in several countries worldwide. Although resistance to polymyxins is generally less than 10%, it is higher in the Mediterranean and South-East Asia (Korea and Singapore), where colistin resistance rates are continually increasing. CONCLUSION There is a critical need for effective infection prevention and control measures and strict use of antibiotics in the world to control the rise and spread of colistin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abed Zahedi Bialvaei
- Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
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150
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Zhang H, Zhang Q. Clinical efficacy and safety of colistin treatment in patients with pulmonary infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Acinetobacter baumannii: a meta-analysis. Arch Med Sci 2015; 11:34-42. [PMID: 25861288 PMCID: PMC4379367 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2015.48158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of colistin treatment in patients with pulmonary infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Acinetobacter baumannii. MATERIAL AND METHODS The relevant studies were identified through a search of public databases including PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE up to December 2012. A meta-analysis was conducted to compare the clinical response, mortality and renal damage of colistin (colistin group) versus other effective antibiotics (control group). The odds ratio (OR) was chosen as the effect size. RESULTS A total of 9 studies were eventually identified. The result of the meta-analysis showed that the pooled OR of clinical response was 1.24 (95% CI = 0.68-2.27, p > 0.05) for patients in the colistin group versus the control group, indicating no significant difference in efficacy between colistin and control groups. Similar results were obtained by the further subgroup meta-analyses by sample size, research year, ethnicity and study method. Treatment with colistin versus other agents did not affect hospital mortality (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.58-1.89, p > 0.05) or renal damage (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 0.78-2.00, p > 0.05). The combined estimate of our analysis was strong across multiple sensitivity analyses and without significant publication bias. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that colistin may be as efficacious and safe as standard antibiotics for the treatment of pulmonary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huagen Zhang
- Respiratory Medicine Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Guangdong, Meizhou, China
| | - Qianyun Zhang
- Respiratory Medicine Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Guangdong, Meizhou, China
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