151
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Hicks L, Liu G, Ukken FP, Lu S, Bollinger KE, O'Connor-Giles K, Gonsalvez GB. Depletion or over-expression of Sh3px1 results in dramatic changes in cell morphology. Biol Open 2015; 4:1448-61. [PMID: 26459243 PMCID: PMC4728355 DOI: 10.1242/bio.013755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian Sorting Nexin 9 (Snx9) family consists of three paralogs: Snx9, Snx18 and Snx33. Most of the published literature to date has centered on the role of Snx9 in clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). Snx9 contains an Sh3 domain at its N-terminus and has been shown to interact with Dynamin and actin nucleation factors via this domain. In addition to the Sh3 domain, Snx9 also contains a C-terminal BAR domain. BAR domains are known to sense and/or induce membrane curvature. In addition to endocytosis, recent studies have implicated the Snx9 family in diverse processes such as autophagy, macropinocytosis, phagocytosis and mitosis. The Snx9 family is encoded by a single gene in Drosophila called sh3px1. In this report, we present our initial characterization of sh3px1. We found that depletion of Sh3px1 from Drosophila Schneider 2 (S2) cells resulted in defective lamellipodia formation. A similar phenotype has been reported upon depletion of Scar, the actin nucleation factor implicated in forming lamellipodia. In addition, we demonstrate that over-expression of Sh3px1 in S2 cells results in the formation of tubules as well as long protrusions. Formation of these structures required the C-terminal BAR domain as well as the adjacent Phox homology (PX) domain of Sh3px1. Furthermore, efficient protrusion formation by Sh3px1 required the actin nucleation factor Wasp. Tubules and protrusions were also generated upon over-expressing the mammalian orthologs Snx18 and Snx33 in S2 cells. By contrast, over-expressing Snx9 mostly induced long tubules. Summary: Proteins containing BAR domains are known to generate membrane curvature. Some BAR domains generate tubules upon over-expression in cells, whereas others generate membrane protrusions. We demonstrate that Sh3px1, the Drosophila ortholog of the Snx9 family, is capable of inducing both tubules and protrusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Hicks
- Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Guojun Liu
- Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Fiona P Ukken
- Laboratory of Genetics, and Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Sumin Lu
- Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Kathryn E Bollinger
- Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Kate O'Connor-Giles
- Laboratory of Genetics, and Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Graydon B Gonsalvez
- Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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152
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Schrader M, Costello JL, Godinho LF, Azadi AS, Islinger M. Proliferation and fission of peroxisomes - An update. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1863:971-83. [PMID: 26409486 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, peroxisomes perform crucial functions in cellular metabolism, signalling and viral defense which are essential to the health and viability of the organism. In order to achieve this functional versatility peroxisomes dynamically respond to molecular cues triggered by changes in the cellular environment. Such changes elicit a corresponding response in peroxisomes, which manifests itself as a change in peroxisome number, altered enzyme levels and adaptations to the peroxisomal structure. In mammals the generation of new peroxisomes is a complex process which has clear analogies to mitochondria, with both sharing the same division machinery and undergoing a similar division process. How the regulation of this division process is integrated into the cell's response to different stimuli, the signalling pathways and factors involved, remains somewhat unclear. Here, we discuss the mechanism of peroxisomal fission, the contributions of the various division factors and examine the potential impact of post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, on the proliferation process. We also summarize the signalling process and highlight the most recent data linking signalling pathways with peroxisome proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schrader
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, EX4 4QJ, Exeter Devon, UK; Centre for Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Joseph L Costello
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, EX4 4QJ, Exeter Devon, UK
| | - Luis F Godinho
- Centre for Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Afsoon S Azadi
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, EX4 4QJ, Exeter Devon, UK
| | - Markus Islinger
- Neuroanatomy, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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153
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Miller SE, Mathiasen S, Bright NA, Pierre F, Kelly BT, Kladt N, Schauss A, Merrifield CJ, Stamou D, Höning S, Owen DJ. CALM regulates clathrin-coated vesicle size and maturation by directly sensing and driving membrane curvature. Dev Cell 2015; 33:163-75. [PMID: 25898166 PMCID: PMC4406947 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The size of endocytic clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs) is remarkably uniform, suggesting that it is optimized to achieve the appropriate levels of cargo and lipid internalization. The three most abundant proteins in mammalian endocytic CCVs are clathrin and the two cargo-selecting, clathrin adaptors, CALM and AP2. Here we demonstrate that depletion of CALM causes a substantial increase in the ratio of “open” clathrin-coated pits (CCPs) to “necked”/“closed” CCVs and a doubling of CCP/CCV diameter, whereas AP2 depletion has opposite effects. Depletion of either adaptor, however, significantly inhibits endocytosis of transferrin and epidermal growth factor. The phenotypic effects of CALM depletion can be rescued by re-expression of wild-type CALM, but not with CALM that lacks a functional N-terminal, membrane-inserting, curvature-sensing/driving amphipathic helix, the existence and properties of which are demonstrated. CALM is thus a major factor in controlling CCV size and maturation and hence in determining the rates of endocytic cargo uptake. CALM loss increases size and frequency of early endocytic clathrin-coated structures Depletion of CALM slows endocytic clathrin-coated pit maturation and endocytic rate CALM possesses an N-terminal, membrane-curvature-sensing/driving amphipathic helix Clathrin-coated pit maturation is regulated by CALM’s N-terminal amphipathic helix
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E Miller
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
| | - Signe Mathiasen
- Bionanotechnology and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicholas A Bright
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Fabienne Pierre
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie et Biochimie Structurales, UPR3082 CNRS - Bat 34, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Bernard T Kelly
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Nikolay Kladt
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Astrid Schauss
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christien J Merrifield
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie et Biochimie Structurales, UPR3082 CNRS - Bat 34, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Dimitrios Stamou
- Bionanotechnology and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefan Höning
- Institute of Biochemistry I and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - David J Owen
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
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154
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Bezanilla M, Gladfelter AS, Kovar DR, Lee WL. Cytoskeletal dynamics: a view from the membrane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 209:329-37. [PMID: 25963816 PMCID: PMC4427793 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201502062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Many aspects of cytoskeletal assembly and dynamics can be recapitulated in vitro; yet, how the cytoskeleton integrates signals in vivo across cellular membranes is far less understood. Recent work has demonstrated that the membrane alone, or through membrane-associated proteins, can effect dynamic changes to the cytoskeleton, thereby impacting cell physiology. Having identified mechanistic links between membranes and the actin, microtubule, and septin cytoskeletons, these studies highlight the membrane’s central role in coordinating these cytoskeletal systems to carry out essential processes, such as endocytosis, spindle positioning, and cellular compartmentalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Bezanilla
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Amy S Gladfelter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - David R Kovar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Wei-Lih Lee
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
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155
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Abstract
BAR proteins comprise a heterogeneous group of multi-domain proteins with diverse biological functions. The common denominator is the Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs (BAR) domain that not only confers targeting to lipid bilayers, but also provides scaffolding to mold lipid membranes into concave or convex surfaces. This function of BAR proteins is an important determinant in the dynamic reconstruction of membrane vesicles, as well as of the plasma membrane. Several BAR proteins function as linkers between cytoskeletal regulation and membrane dynamics. These links are provided by direct interactions between BAR proteins and actin-nucleation-promoting factors of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein family and the Diaphanous-related formins. The Rho GTPases are key factors for orchestration of this intricate interplay. This review describes how BAR proteins regulate the activity of Rho GTPases, as well as how Rho GTPases regulate the function of BAR proteins. This mutual collaboration is a central factor in the regulation of vital cellular processes, such as cell migration, cytokinesis, intracellular transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pontus Aspenström
- a Department of Microbiology and Tumor and Cell Biology; Karolinska Institutet ; Stockholm , Sweden
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156
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Verschueren E, Spiess M, Gkourtsa A, Avula T, Landgraf C, Mancilla VT, Huber A, Volkmer R, Winsor B, Serrano L, Hochstenbach F, Distel B. Evolution of the SH3 Domain Specificity Landscape in Yeasts. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129229. [PMID: 26068101 PMCID: PMC4466140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the conservation of Src homology 3 (SH3) domain-mediated networks in evolution, we compared the specificity landscape of these domains among four yeast species, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Ashbya gossypii, Candida albicans, and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, encompassing 400 million years of evolution. We first aligned and catalogued the families of SH3-containing proteins in these four species to determine the relationships between homologous domains. Then, we tagged and purified all soluble SH3 domains (82 in total) to perform a quantitative peptide assay (SPOT) for each SH3 domain. All SPOT readouts were hierarchically clustered and we observed that the organization of the SH3 specificity landscape in three distinct profile classes remains conserved across these four yeast species. We also produced a specificity profile for each SH3 domain from manually aligned top SPOT hits and compared the within-family binding motif consensus. This analysis revealed a striking example of binding motif divergence in a C. albicans Rvs167 paralog, which cannot be explained by overall SH3 sequence or interface residue divergence, and we validated this specificity change with a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay. In addition, we show that position-weighted matrices (PWM) compiled from SPOT assays can be used for binding motif screening in potential binding partners and present cases where motifs are either conserved or lost among homologous SH3 interacting proteins. Finally, by comparing pairwise SH3 sequence identity to binding profile correlation we show that for ~75% of all analyzed families the SH3 specificity profile was remarkably conserved over a large evolutionary distance. Thus, a high sequence identity within an SH3 domain family predicts conserved binding specificity, whereas divergence in sequence identity often coincided with a change in binding specificity within this family. As such, our results are important for future studies aimed at unraveling complex specificity networks of peptide recognition domains in higher eukaryotes, including mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Verschueren
- EMBL/CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation-CRG, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matthias Spiess
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Genetics, UMR7156, Université de Strasbourg and CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Areti Gkourtsa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teja Avula
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christiane Landgraf
- Institut für Medizinische Immunologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor Tapia Mancilla
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Genetics, UMR7156, Université de Strasbourg and CNRS, Strasbourg, France
- Institut für Medizinische Immunologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aline Huber
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Genetics, UMR7156, Université de Strasbourg and CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Rudolf Volkmer
- Institut für Medizinische Immunologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Winsor
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Genetics, UMR7156, Université de Strasbourg and CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Luis Serrano
- EMBL/CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation-CRG, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frans Hochstenbach
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ben Distel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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157
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Van Itallie CM, Tietgens AJ, Krystofiak E, Kachar B, Anderson JM. A complex of ZO-1 and the BAR-domain protein TOCA-1 regulates actin assembly at the tight junction. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:2769-87. [PMID: 26063734 PMCID: PMC4571337 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-04-0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An alternative splice in TOCA-1 targets it to tight junctions. KO of TOCA-1 results in increased flux and decreased tight junction membrane dynamics. Ultrastructural analysis shows actin accumulation at the adherens junction. Identification of the ZO-1/TOCA-1 complex provides insights into tight junction barrier dependence on the dynamic nature of cell–cell contacts and junctional actin. Assembly and sealing of the tight junction barrier are critically dependent on the perijunctional actin cytoskeleton, yet little is known about physical and functional links between barrier-forming proteins and actin. Here we identify a novel functional complex of the junction scaffolding protein ZO-1 and the F-BAR–domain protein TOCA-1. Using MDCK epithelial cells, we show that an alternative splice of TOCA-1 adds a PDZ-binding motif, which binds ZO-1, targeting TOCA-1 to barrier contacts. This isoform of TOCA-1 recruits the actin nucleation–promoting factor N-WASP to tight junctions. CRISPR-Cas9–mediated knockout of TOCA-1 results in increased paracellular flux and delayed recovery in a calcium switch assay. Knockout of TOCA-1 does not alter FRAP kinetics of GFP ZO-1 or occludin, but longer term (12 h) time-lapse microscopy reveals strikingly decreased tight junction membrane contact dynamics in knockout cells compared with controls. Reexpression of TOCA-1 with, but not without, the PDZ-binding motif rescues both altered flux and membrane contact dynamics. Ultrastructural analysis shows actin accumulation at the adherens junction in TOCA-1–knockout cells but unaltered freeze-fracture fibril morphology. Identification of the ZO-1/TOCA-1 complex provides novel insights into the underappreciated dependence of the barrier on the dynamic nature of cell-to-cell contacts and perijunctional actin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Van Itallie
- Laboratory of Tight Junction Structure and Function, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Amber Jean Tietgens
- Laboratory of Tight Junction Structure and Function, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Evan Krystofiak
- Laboratory of Cell Structure and Dynamics, National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Bechara Kachar
- Laboratory of Cell Structure and Dynamics, National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - James M Anderson
- Laboratory of Tight Junction Structure and Function, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
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158
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Su YC, Chen JZY. A model of vesicle tubulation and pearling induced by adsorbing particles. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:4054-4060. [PMID: 25907594 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00565e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We study the basic theoretical model of a deformable vesicle immersed in a solution of particles that can adsorb onto one of the two surfaces of a membrane. The model consists of an adsorption energy gain for the adsorbing particles and the Canham-Helfrich membrane bending energy, in which the spontaneous curvature is coupled with the adsorption area. We demonstrate that bud, pearling, and tube conformations can be stabilized after minimizing the free energy and that the pearling-tubulation transition has the characteristics of an abrupt structural transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Su
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, CanadaN2L 3G1.
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159
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Liu S, Xiong X, Zhao X, Yang X, Wang H. F-BAR family proteins, emerging regulators for cell membrane dynamic changes-from structure to human diseases. J Hematol Oncol 2015; 8:47. [PMID: 25956236 PMCID: PMC4437251 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-015-0144-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cell membrane dynamics change in curvature during physiological and pathological processes. In the past ten years, a novel protein family, Fes/CIP4 homology-Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (F-BAR) domain proteins, has been identified to be the most important coordinators in membrane curvature regulation. The F-BAR domain family is a member of the Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain superfamily that is associated with dynamic changes in cell membrane. However, the molecular basis in membrane structure regulation and the biological functions of F-BAR protein are unclear. The pathophysiological role of F-BAR protein is unknown. This review summarizes the current understanding of structure and function in the BAR domain superfamily, classifies F-BAR family proteins into nine subfamilies based on domain structure, and characterizes F-BAR protein structure, domain interaction, and functional relevance. In general, F-BAR protein binds to cell membrane via F-BAR domain association with membrane phospholipids and initiates membrane curvature and scission via Src homology-3 (SH3) domain interaction with its partner proteins. This process causes membrane dynamic changes and leads to seven important cellular biological functions, which include endocytosis, phagocytosis, filopodium, lamellipodium, cytokinesis, adhesion, and podosome formation, via distinct signaling pathways determined by specific domain-binding partners. These cellular functions play important roles in many physiological and pathophysiological processes. We further summarize F-BAR protein expression and mutation changes observed in various diseases and developmental disorders. Considering the structure feature and functional implication of F-BAR proteins, we anticipate that F-BAR proteins modulate physiological and pathophysiological processes via transferring extracellular materials, regulating cell trafficking and mobility, presenting antigens, mediating extracellular matrix degradation, and transmitting signaling for cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suxuan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China. .,Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
| | - Xinyu Xiong
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
| | - Xianxian Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA. .,Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA. .,Center for Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China. .,Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA. .,Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA. .,Center for Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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160
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Tsujita K, Takenawa T, Itoh T. Feedback regulation between plasma membrane tension and membrane-bending proteins organizes cell polarity during leading edge formation. Nat Cell Biol 2015; 17:749-58. [PMID: 25938814 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tension applied to the plasma membrane (PM) is a global mechanical parameter involved in cell migration. However, how membrane tension regulates actin assembly is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that FBP17, a membrane-bending protein and an activator of WASP/N-WASP-dependent actin nucleation, is a PM tension sensor involved in leading edge formation. In migrating cells, FBP17 localizes to short membrane invaginations at the leading edge, while diminishing from the cell rear in response to PM tension increase. Conversely, following reduced PM tension, FBP17 dots randomly distribute throughout the cell, correlating with loss of polarized actin assembly on PM tension reduction. Actin protrusive force is required for the polarized accumulation, indicating a role for FBP17-mediated activation of WASP/N-WASP in PM tension generation. In vitro experiments show that FBP17 membrane-bending activity depends on liposomal membrane tension. Thus, FBP17 is the local activator of actin polymerization that is inhibited by PM tension in the feedback loop that regulates cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Tsujita
- Biosignal Research Center, Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tadaomi Takenawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Toshiki Itoh
- Biosignal Research Center, Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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161
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Yoshida Y, Niwa H, Honsho M, Itoyama A, Fujiki Y. Pex11mediates peroxisomal proliferation by promoting deformation of the lipid membrane. Biol Open 2015; 4:710-21. [PMID: 25910939 PMCID: PMC4467191 DOI: 10.1242/bio.201410801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pex11p family proteins are key players in peroxisomal fission, but their molecular mechanisms remains mostly unknown. In the present study, overexpression of Pex11pβ caused substantial vesiculation of peroxisomes in mammalian cells. This vesicle formation was dependent on dynamin-like protein 1 (DLP1) and mitochondrial fission factor (Mff), as knockdown of these proteins diminished peroxisomal fission after Pex11pβ overexpression. The fission-deficient peroxisomes exhibited an elongated morphology, and peroxisomal marker proteins, such as Pex14p or matrix proteins harboring peroxisomal targeting signal 1, were discernible in a segmented staining pattern, like beads on a string. Endogenous Pex11pβ was also distributed a striped pattern, but which was not coincide with Pex14p and PTS1 matrix proteins. Altered morphology of the lipid membrane was observed when recombinant Pex11p proteins were introduced into proteo-liposomes. Constriction of proteo-liposomes was observed under confocal microscopy and electron microscopy, and the reconstituted Pex11pβ protein localized to the membrane constriction site. Introducing point mutations into the N-terminal amphiphathic helix of Pex11pβ strongly reduced peroxisomal fission, and decreased the oligomer formation. These results suggest that Pex11p contributes to the morphogenesis of the peroxisomal membrane, which is required for subsequent fission by DLP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Yoshida
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University Graduate School, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Hajime Niwa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University Graduate School, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Masanori Honsho
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University Graduate School, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Akinori Itoyama
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University Graduate School, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yukio Fujiki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University Graduate School, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University Graduate School, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (ICNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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162
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Tubulation by amphiphysin requires concentration-dependent switching from wedging to scaffolding. Structure 2015; 23:873-881. [PMID: 25865245 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BAR proteins are involved in a variety of membrane remodeling events but how they can mold membranes into different shapes remains poorly understood. Using electron paramagnetic resonance, we find that vesicle binding of the N-BAR protein amphiphysin is predominantly mediated by the shallow insertion of amphipathic N-terminal helices. In contrast, the interaction with tubes involves deeply inserted N-terminal helices together with the concave surface of the BAR domain, which acts as a scaffold. Combined with the observed concentration dependence of tubulation and BAR domain scaffolding, the data indicate that initial membrane deformations and vesicle binding are mediated by insertion of amphipathic helical wedges, while tubulation requires high protein densities at which oligomeric BAR domain scaffolds form. In addition, we identify a pocket of residues on the concave surface of the BAR domain that insert deeply into tube membrane. Interestingly, this pocket harbors a number of disease mutants in the homologous amphiphysin 2.
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163
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FlnA binding to PACSIN2 F-BAR domain regulates membrane tubulation in megakaryocytes and platelets. Blood 2015; 126:80-8. [PMID: 25838348 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-07-587600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs (BAR) and Fes-CIP4 homology BAR (F-BAR) proteins generate tubular membrane invaginations reminiscent of the megakaryocyte (MK) demarcation membrane system (DMS), which provides membranes necessary for future platelets. The F-BAR protein PACSIN2 is one of the most abundant BAR/F-BAR proteins in platelets and the only one reported to interact with the cytoskeletal and scaffold protein filamin A (FlnA), an essential regulator of platelet formation and function. The FlnA-PACSIN2 interaction was therefore investigated in MKs and platelets. PACSIN2 associated with FlnA in human platelets. The interaction required FlnA immunoglobulin-like repeat 20 and the tip of PACSIN2 F-BAR domain and enhanced PACSIN2 F-BAR domain membrane tubulation in vitro. Most human and wild-type mouse platelets had 1 to 2 distinct PACSIN2 foci associated with cell membrane GPIbα, whereas Flna-null platelets had 0 to 4 or more foci. Endogenous PACSIN2 and transfected enhanced green fluorescent protein-PACSIN2 were concentrated in midstage wild-type mouse MKs in a well-defined invagination of the plasma membrane reminiscent of the initiating DMS and dispersed in the absence of FlnA binding. The DMS appeared less well defined, and platelet territories were not readily visualized in Flna-null MKs. We conclude that the FlnA-PACSIN2 interaction regulates membrane tubulation in MKs and platelets and likely contributes to DMS formation.
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Stanishneva-Konovalova T, Sokolova O. Molecular dynamics simulations of negatively charged DPPC/DPPI lipid bilayers at two levels of resolution. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2014.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bai Z, Grant BD. A TOCA/CDC-42/PAR/WAVE functional module required for retrograde endocytic recycling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E1443-52. [PMID: 25775511 PMCID: PMC4378436 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1418651112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endosome-to-Golgi transport is required for the function of many key membrane proteins and lipids, including signaling receptors, small-molecule transporters, and adhesion proteins. The retromer complex is well-known for its role in cargo sorting and vesicle budding from early endosomes, in most cases leading to cargo fusion with the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Transport from recycling endosomes to the TGN has also been reported, but much less is understood about the molecules that mediate this transport step. Here we provide evidence that the F-BAR domain proteins TOCA-1 and TOCA-2 (Transducer of Cdc42 dependent actin assembly), the small GTPase CDC-42 (Cell division control protein 42), associated polarity proteins PAR-6 (Partitioning defective 6) and PKC-3/atypical protein kinase C, and the WAVE actin nucleation complex mediate the transport of MIG-14/Wls and TGN-38/TGN38 cargo proteins from the recycling endosome to the TGN in Caenorhabditis elegans. Our results indicate that CDC-42, the TOCA proteins, and the WAVE component WVE-1 are enriched on RME-1-positive recycling endosomes in the intestine, unlike retromer components that act on early endosomes. Furthermore, we find that retrograde cargo TGN-38 is trapped in early endosomes after depletion of SNX-3 (a retromer component) but is mainly trapped in recycling endosomes after depletion of CDC-42, indicating that the CDC-42-associated complex functions after retromer in a distinct organelle. Thus, we identify a group of interacting proteins that mediate retrograde recycling, and link these proteins to a poorly understood trafficking step, recycling endosome-to-Golgi transport. We also provide evidence for the physiological importance of this pathway in WNT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Bai
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Barth D Grant
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
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Galkina SI, Fedorova NV, Serebryakova MV, Arifulin EA, Stadnichuk VI, Gaponova TV, Baratova LA, Sud'ina GF. Inhibition of the GTPase dynamin or actin depolymerisation initiates outward plasma membrane tubulation/vesiculation (cytoneme formation) in neutrophils. Biol Cell 2015; 107:144-58. [DOI: 10.1111/boc.201400063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana I. Galkina
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Natalia V. Fedorova
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Marina V. Serebryakova
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Evgenii A. Arifulin
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow 119991 Russia
| | | | - Tatjana V. Gaponova
- FGBU Hematology Research Center; Russian Federation Ministry of Public Health; Moscow 125167 Russia
| | - Ludmila A. Baratova
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Galina F. Sud'ina
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow 119991 Russia
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Renard HF, Simunovic M, Lemière J, Boucrot E, Garcia-Castillo MD, Arumugam S, Chambon V, Lamaze C, Wunder C, Kenworthy AK, Schmidt AA, McMahon HT, Sykes C, Bassereau P, Johannes L. Endophilin-A2 functions in membrane scission in clathrin-independent endocytosis. Nature 2015; 517:493-6. [PMID: 25517096 PMCID: PMC4342003 DOI: 10.1038/nature14064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
During endocytosis, energy is invested to narrow the necks of cargo-containing plasma membrane invaginations to radii at which the opposing segments spontaneously coalesce, thereby leading to the detachment by scission of endocytic uptake carriers. In the clathrin pathway, dynamin uses mechanical energy from GTP hydrolysis to this effect, assisted by the BIN/amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain-containing protein endophilin. Clathrin-independent endocytic events are often less reliant on dynamin, and whether in these cases BAR domain proteins such as endophilin contribute to scission has remained unexplored. Here we show, in human and other mammalian cell lines, that endophilin-A2 (endoA2) specifically and functionally associates with very early uptake structures that are induced by the bacterial Shiga and cholera toxins, which are both clathrin-independent endocytic cargoes. In controlled in vitro systems, endoA2 reshapes membranes before scission. Furthermore, we demonstrate that endoA2, dynamin and actin contribute in parallel to the scission of Shiga-toxin-induced tubules. Our results establish a novel function of endoA2 in clathrin-independent endocytosis. They document that distinct scission factors operate in an additive manner, and predict that specificity within a given uptake process arises from defined combinations of universal modules. Our findings highlight a previously unnoticed link between membrane scaffolding by endoA2 and pulling-force-driven dynamic scission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri-François Renard
- Institut Curie — Centre de Recherche, Endocytic Trafficking and Therapeutic Delivery group, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
- CNRS UMR3666, 75005 Paris, France
- U1143 INSERM, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mijo Simunovic
- Institut Curie — Centre de Recherche, Membrane and Cell Functions group, CNRS UMR 168, Physico-Chimie Curie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
- The University of Chicaco, Department of Chemistry, 5735 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Joël Lemière
- Institut Curie — Centre de Recherche, Biomimetism of Cell Movement group, CNRS UMR 168, Physico-Chimie Curie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Boucrot
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London & Birkbeck College, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Maria-Daniela Garcia-Castillo
- Institut Curie — Centre de Recherche, Endocytic Trafficking and Therapeutic Delivery group, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
- CNRS UMR3666, 75005 Paris, France
- U1143 INSERM, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Senthil Arumugam
- Institut Curie — Centre de Recherche, Endocytic Trafficking and Therapeutic Delivery group, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
- CNRS UMR3666, 75005 Paris, France
- U1143 INSERM, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Valérie Chambon
- Institut Curie — Centre de Recherche, Endocytic Trafficking and Therapeutic Delivery group, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
- CNRS UMR3666, 75005 Paris, France
- U1143 INSERM, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Lamaze
- CNRS UMR3666, 75005 Paris, France
- U1143 INSERM, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut Curie — Centre de Recherche, Membrane Dynamics and Mechanics of Intracellular Signaling group, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Christian Wunder
- Institut Curie — Centre de Recherche, Endocytic Trafficking and Therapeutic Delivery group, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
- CNRS UMR3666, 75005 Paris, France
- U1143 INSERM, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Anne K. Kenworthy
- Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, 718 Light Hall, 37232 Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anne A. Schmidt
- CNRS, UMR7592, Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Harvey T. McMahon
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, CB2 0QH, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cécile Sykes
- Institut Curie — Centre de Recherche, Biomimetism of Cell Movement group, CNRS UMR 168, Physico-Chimie Curie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Patricia Bassereau
- Institut Curie — Centre de Recherche, Membrane and Cell Functions group, CNRS UMR 168, Physico-Chimie Curie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Ludger Johannes
- Institut Curie — Centre de Recherche, Endocytic Trafficking and Therapeutic Delivery group, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
- CNRS UMR3666, 75005 Paris, France
- U1143 INSERM, 75005 Paris, France
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Moravcevic K, Alvarado D, Schmitz KR, Kenniston JA, Mendrola JM, Ferguson KM, Lemmon MA. Comparison of Saccharomyces cerevisiae F-BAR domain structures reveals a conserved inositol phosphate binding site. Structure 2015; 23:352-63. [PMID: 25620000 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
F-BAR domains control membrane interactions in endocytosis, cytokinesis, and cell signaling. Although they are generally thought to bind curved membranes containing negatively charged phospholipids, numerous functional studies argue that differences in lipid-binding selectivities of F-BAR domains are functionally important. Here, we compare membrane-binding properties of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae F-BAR domains in vitro and in vivo. Whereas some F-BAR domains (such as Bzz1p and Hof1p F-BARs) bind equally well to all phospholipids, the F-BAR domain from the RhoGAP Rgd1p preferentially binds phosphoinositides. We determined X-ray crystal structures of F-BAR domains from Hof1p and Rgd1p, the latter bound to an inositol phosphate. The structures explain phospholipid-binding selectivity differences and reveal an F-BAR phosphoinositide binding site that is fully conserved in a mammalian RhoGAP called Gmip and is partly retained in certain other F-BAR domains. Our findings reveal previously unappreciated determinants of F-BAR domain lipid-binding specificity and provide a basis for its prediction from sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Moravcevic
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA; Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Diego Alvarado
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Karl R Schmitz
- Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Jon A Kenniston
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Jeannine M Mendrola
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Kathryn M Ferguson
- Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Mark A Lemmon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA; Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA.
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169
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Tan P, Zaidel-Bar R. Transient Membrane Localization of SPV-1 Drives Cyclical Actomyosin Contractions in the C. elegans Spermatheca. Curr Biol 2015; 25:141-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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170
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Chander H, Brien CD, Truesdell P, Watt K, Meens J, Schick C, Germain D, Craig AWB. Toca-1 is suppressed by p53 to limit breast cancer cell invasion and tumor metastasis. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 16:3413. [PMID: 25547174 PMCID: PMC4332744 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-014-0503-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Transducer of Cdc42-dependent actin assembly-1 (Toca-1) recruits actin regulatory proteins to invadopodia, and promotes breast tumor metastasis. Since metastatic breast tumors frequently harbor mutations in the tumor suppressor p53, we tested whether p53 regulates Toca-1 expression. Methods Normal mammary epithelial cells (HBL-100, MCF10A) and breast cancer cell lines expressing wild-type (WT) p53 (DU4475, MTLn3) were treated with camptothecin or Nutlin-3 to stabilize p53 to test effects on Toca-1 mRNA and protein levels. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were performed to identify p53 binding site in Toca-1 gene. Stable silencing of p53 and Toca-1 were performed in MTLn3 cells to test effects on invadopodia and cell invasion in vitro, and tumor metastasis in vivo. Results We observed that breast cancer cell lines with mutant p53 have high levels of Toca-1 compared to those with WT p53. Stabilization of WT p53 led to further reduction in Toca-1 mRNA and protein levels in normal breast epithelial cells and breast cancer cells. ChIP assays revealed p53 binding within intron 2 of toca1, and reduced histone acetylation within its promoter region upon p53 upregulation or activation. Stable silencing of WT p53 in MTLn3 cells led to increased extracellular matrix degradation and cell invasion compared to control cells. Interestingly, the combined silencing of p53 and Toca-1 led to a partial rescue of these effects of p53 silencing in vitro and reduced lung metastases in mice. In human breast tumors, Toca-1 levels were high in subtypes with frequent p53 mutations, and high Toca-1 transcript levels correlated with increased risk of relapse. Conclusions Based on these findings, we conclude that loss of p53 tumor suppressor function in breast cancers leads to upregulation of Toca-1, and results in enhanced risk of developing metastatic disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-014-0503-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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171
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Xiao S, Shaw RM. Cardiomyocyte protein trafficking: Relevance to heart disease and opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2014; 25:379-89. [PMID: 25649302 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes, the individual contractile units of heart muscle, are long-lived and robust. Given the longevity of these cells, it can be easy to overlook their dynamic intracellular environment that contain rapid protein movements and frequent protein turnover. Critical gene transcription and protein translation occur continuously, as well as trafficking and localization of proteins to specific functional zones of cell membrane. As heart failure becomes an increasingly important clinical entity, growing numbers of investigative teams are examining the cell biology of healthy and diseased cardiomyocytes. In this review, we introduce the major architectural structures and types of protein movements within cardiac cells, and then review recent studies that explore the regulation of such movements. We conclude by introducing current translational directions of the basic studies with a focus on novel areas of therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Xiao
- Heart Institute and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Robin M Shaw
- Heart Institute and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
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Picas L, Viaud J, Schauer K, Vanni S, Hnia K, Fraisier V, Roux A, Bassereau P, Gaits-Iacovoni F, Payrastre B, Laporte J, Manneville JB, Goud B. BIN1/M-Amphiphysin2 induces clustering of phosphoinositides to recruit its downstream partner dynamin. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5647. [PMID: 25487648 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides play a central role in many physiological processes by assisting the recruitment of proteins to membranes through specific phosphoinositide-binding motifs. How this recruitment is coordinated in space and time is not well understood. Here we show that BIN1/M-Amphiphysin2, a protein involved in T-tubule biogenesis in muscle cells and frequently mutated in centronuclear myopathies, clusters PtdIns(4,5)P2 to recruit its downstream partner dynamin. By using several mutants associated with centronuclear myopathies, we find that the N-BAR and the SH3 domains of BIN1 control the kinetics and the accumulation of dynamin on membranes, respectively. We show that phosphoinositide clustering is a mechanism shared by other proteins that interact with PtdIns(4,5)P2, but do not contain a BAR domain. Our numerical simulations point out that clustering is a diffusion-driven process in which phosphoinositide molecules are not sequestered. We propose that this mechanism plays a key role in the recruitment of downstream phosphoinositide-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Picas
- Institut Curie and CNRS UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Julien Viaud
- INSERM, UMR1048, Université Toulouse III, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Kristine Schauer
- Institut Curie and CNRS UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Stefano Vanni
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7275, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Karim Hnia
- Department of Translational Medicine, IGBMC, U964, UMR7104, Strasbourg University, Collège de France, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Vincent Fraisier
- Institut Curie and CNRS UMR 144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Platform, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Aurélien Roux
- Biochemistry Department, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Frédérique Gaits-Iacovoni
- INSERM, UMR1048, Université Toulouse III, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Bernard Payrastre
- INSERM, UMR1048, Université Toulouse III, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Jocelyn Laporte
- Department of Translational Medicine, IGBMC, U964, UMR7104, Strasbourg University, Collège de France, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | | | - Bruno Goud
- Institut Curie and CNRS UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
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Suetsugu S, Kurisu S, Takenawa T. Dynamic shaping of cellular membranes by phospholipids and membrane-deforming proteins. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:1219-48. [PMID: 25287863 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00040.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
All cellular compartments are separated from the external environment by a membrane, which consists of a lipid bilayer. Subcellular structures, including clathrin-coated pits, caveolae, filopodia, lamellipodia, podosomes, and other intracellular membrane systems, are molded into their specific submicron-scale shapes through various mechanisms. Cells construct their micro-structures on plasma membrane and execute vital functions for life, such as cell migration, cell division, endocytosis, exocytosis, and cytoskeletal regulation. The plasma membrane, rich in anionic phospholipids, utilizes the electrostatic nature of the lipids, specifically the phosphoinositides, to form interactions with cytosolic proteins. These cytosolic proteins have three modes of interaction: 1) electrostatic interaction through unstructured polycationic regions, 2) through structured phosphoinositide-specific binding domains, and 3) through structured domains that bind the membrane without specificity for particular phospholipid. Among the structured domains, there are several that have membrane-deforming activity, which is essential for the formation of concave or convex membrane curvature. These domains include the amphipathic helix, which deforms the membrane by hemi-insertion of the helix with both hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, and/or the BAR domain superfamily, known to use their positively charged, curved structural surface to deform membranes. Below the membrane, actin filaments support the micro-structures through interactions with several BAR proteins as well as other scaffold proteins, resulting in outward and inward membrane micro-structure formation. Here, we describe the characteristics of phospholipids, and the mechanisms utilized by phosphoinositides to regulate cellular events. We then summarize the precise mechanisms underlying the construction of membrane micro-structures and their involvements in physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Suetsugu
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan; Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan; and Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shusaku Kurisu
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan; Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan; and Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tadaomi Takenawa
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan; Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan; and Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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174
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Petoukhov MV, Weissenhorn W, Svergun DI. Endophilin-A1 BAR domain interaction with arachidonyl CoA. Front Mol Biosci 2014; 1:20. [PMID: 25988161 PMCID: PMC4428356 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2014.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophilin-A1 belongs to the family of BAR domain containing proteins that catalyze membrane remodeling processes via sensing, inducing and stabilizing membrane curvature. We show that the BAR domain of endophilin-A1 binds arachidonic acid and molds its coenzyme A (CoA) activated form, arachidonyl-CoA into a defined structure. We studied low resolution structures of endophilin-A1-BAR and its complex with arachidonyl-CoA in solution using synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The free endophilin-A1-BAR domain is shown to be dimeric at lower concentrations but builds tetramers and higher order complexes with increasing concentrations. Extensive titration SAXS studies revealed that the BAR domain produces a homogenous complex with the lipid micelles. The structural model of the complexes revealed two arachidonyl-CoA micelles bound to the distal arms of an endophilin-A1-BAR dimer. Intriguingly, the radius of the bound micelles significantly decreases compared to that of the free micelles, and this structural result may provide hints on the potential biological relevance of the endophilin-A1-BAR interaction with arachidonyl CoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim V. Petoukhov
- Hamburg Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory c/o DESYHamburg, Germany
| | - Winfried Weissenhorn
- Unit of Virus Host Cell Interactions, University Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France
- Unit of Virus Host Cell Interactions, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueGrenoble, France
| | - Dmitri I. Svergun
- Hamburg Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory c/o DESYHamburg, Germany
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Shin NY, Choi H, Neff L, Wu Y, Saito H, Ferguson SM, De Camilli P, Baron R. Dynamin and endocytosis are required for the fusion of osteoclasts and myoblasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 207:73-89. [PMID: 25287300 PMCID: PMC4195819 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201401137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dynamin function is essential for cell–cell fusion in both osteoclast precursors and myoblasts in part through its effects on endocytosis. Cell–cell fusion is an evolutionarily conserved process that leads to the formation of multinucleated myofibers, syncytiotrophoblasts and osteoclasts, allowing their respective functions. Although cell–cell fusion requires the presence of fusogenic membrane proteins and actin-dependent cytoskeletal reorganization, the precise machinery allowing cells to fuse is still poorly understood. Using an inducible knockout mouse model to generate dynamin 1– and 2–deficient primary osteoclast precursors and myoblasts, we found that fusion of both cell types requires dynamin. Osteoclast and myoblast cell–cell fusion involves the formation of actin-rich protrusions closely associated with clathrin-mediated endocytosis in the apposed cell. Furthermore, impairing endocytosis independently of dynamin also prevented cell–cell fusion. Since dynamin is involved in both the formation of actin-rich structures and in endocytosis, our results indicate that dynamin function is central to the osteoclast precursors and myoblasts fusion process, and point to an important role of endocytosis in cell–cell fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nah-Young Shin
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Hyewon Choi
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Lynn Neff
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yumei Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510 Department of Cell Biology and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Hiroaki Saito
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Shawn M Ferguson
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510 Department of Cell Biology and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Pietro De Camilli
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510 Department of Cell Biology and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
| | - Roland Baron
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115
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176
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Abstract
Among the proteins involved in lipid membrane remodeling in intracellular traffic, dynamin has been the focus of many studies, as it was the first protein shown to be mechanistically involved in membrane fission: the reaction by which a vesicle neck can be severed to release a free vesicle. After almost 25 years of research, a wide variety of data from various techniques has been acquired on the mechanism by which dynamin breaks membranes. However, the literature may sometimes sound confusing, and the primary goal of this review will be to provide a stepping stone towards a potential consensus on how dynamin may work. I will then discuss the most recent findings in light of previous work, and the future possible lines of research in the field of dynamin.
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177
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Abstract
Dynamin is a large GTPase that mediates plasma membrane fission during clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Dynamin assembles into polymers on the necks of budding membranes in cells and has been shown to undergo GTP-dependent conformational changes that lead to membrane fission in vitro. Recent efforts have shed new light on the mechanisms of dynamin-mediated fission, yet exactly how dynamin performs this function in vivo is still not fully understood. Dynamin interacts with a number of proteins during the endocytic process. These interactions are mediated by the C-terminal proline-rich domain (PRD) of dynamin binding to SH3 domain-containing proteins. Three of these dynamin-binding partners (intersectin, amphiphysin and endophilin) have been shown to play important roles in the clathrin-mediated endocytosis process. They promote dynamin-mediated plasma membrane fission by regulating three important sequential steps in the process: recruitment of dynamin to sites of endocytosis; assembly of dynamin into a functional fission complex at the necks of clathrin-coated pits (CCPs); and regulation of dynamin-stimulated GTPase activity, a key requirement for fission.
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178
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Tourdot RW, Bradley RP, Ramakrishnan N, Radhakrishnan R. Multiscale computational models in physical systems biology of intracellular trafficking. IET Syst Biol 2014; 8:198-213. [PMID: 25257021 PMCID: PMC4336166 DOI: 10.1049/iet-syb.2013.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In intracellular trafficking, a definitive understanding of the interplay between protein binding and membrane morphology remains incomplete. The authors describe a computational approach by integrating coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) simulations with continuum Monte Carlo (CM) simulations of the membrane to study protein-membrane interactions and the ensuing membrane curvature. They relate the curvature field strength discerned from the molecular level to its effect at the cellular length-scale. They perform thermodynamic integration on the CM model to describe the free energy landscape of vesiculation in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. The method presented here delineates membrane morphologies and maps out the free energy changes associated with membrane remodeling due to varying coat sizes, coat curvature strengths, membrane bending rigidities, and tensions; furthermore several constraints on mechanisms underlying clathrin-mediated endocytosis have also been identified, Their CGMD simulations have revealed the importance of PIP2 for stable binding of proteins essential for curvature induction in the bilayer and have provided a molecular basis for the positive curvature induction by the epsin N-terminal homology (EIMTH) domain. Calculation of the free energy landscape for vesicle budding has identified the critical size and curvature strength of a clathrin coat required for nucleation and stabilisation of a mature vesicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Tourdot
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ryan P Bradley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Natesan Ramakrishnan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ravi Radhakrishnan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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179
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Zhang SS, Shaw RM. Trafficking highways to the intercalated disc: new insights unlocking the specificity of connexin 43 localization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 21:43-54. [PMID: 24460200 DOI: 10.3109/15419061.2013.876014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
With each heartbeat, billions of cardiomyocytes work in concert to propagate the electrical excitation needed to effectively circulate blood. Regulated expression and timely delivery of connexin proteins to form gap junctions at the specialized cell-cell contact region, known as the intercalated disc, is essential to ventricular cardiomyocyte coupling. We focus this review on several regulatory mechanisms that have been recently found to govern the lifecycle of connexin 43 (Cx43), the short-lived and most abundantly expressed connexin in cardiac ventricular muscle. The Cx43 lifecycle begins with gene expression, followed by oligomerization into hexameric channels, and then cytoskeletal-based transport toward the disc region. Once delivered, hemichannels interact with resident disc proteins and are organized to effect intercellular coupling. We highlight recent studies exploring regulation of Cx43 localization to the intercalated disc, with emphasis on alternatively translated Cx43 isoforms and cytoskeletal transport machinery that together regulate Cx43 gap junction coupling between cardiomyocytes.
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180
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Synaptojanin 1 mutation in Parkinson's disease brings further insight into the neuropathological mechanisms. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:289728. [PMID: 25302295 PMCID: PMC4181773 DOI: 10.1155/2014/289728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Synaptojanin 1 (SYNJ1) is a phosphoinositide phosphatase highly expressed in nerve terminals. Its two phosphatase domains dephosphorylate phosphoinositides present in membranes, while its proline-rich domain directs protein-protein interactions with synaptic components, leading to efficient recycling of synaptic vesicles in neurons. Triplication of SYNJ1 in Down's syndrome is responsible for higher level of phosphoinositides, enlarged endosomes, and learning deficits. SYNJ1 downregulation in Alzheimer's disease models is protective towards amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) toxicity. One missense mutation in one of SYNJ1 functional domains was recently incriminated in an autosomal recessive form of early-onset Parkinson's disease (PD). In the third decade of life, these patients develop progressive Parkinsonism with bradykinesia, dystonia, and variable atypical symptoms such as cognitive decline, seizures, and eyelid apraxia. The identification of this new gene, together with the fact that most of the known PD proteins play a role in synaptic vesicle recycling and lipid metabolism, points out that synaptic maintenance is a key player in PD pathological mechanisms. Studying PD genes as a network regulating synaptic activity could bring insight into understanding the neuropathological processes of PD and help identify new genes at fault in this devastating disorder.
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181
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Kostan J, Salzer U, Orlova A, Törö I, Hodnik V, Senju Y, Zou J, Schreiner C, Steiner J, Meriläinen J, Nikki M, Virtanen I, Carugo O, Rappsilber J, Lappalainen P, Lehto VP, Anderluh G, Egelman EH, Djinović-Carugo K. Direct interaction of actin filaments with F-BAR protein pacsin2. EMBO Rep 2014; 15:1154-62. [PMID: 25216944 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201439267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Two mechanisms have emerged as major regulators of membrane shape: BAR domain-containing proteins, which induce invaginations and protrusions, and nuclear promoting factors, which cause generation of branched actin filaments that exert mechanical forces on membranes. While a large body of information exists on interactions of BAR proteins with membranes and regulatory proteins of the cytoskeleton, little is known about connections between these two processes. Here, we show that the F-BAR domain protein pacsin2 is able to associate with actin filaments using the same concave surface employed to bind to membranes, while some other tested N-BAR and F-BAR proteins (endophilin, CIP4 and FCHO2) do not associate with actin. This finding reveals a new level of complexity in membrane remodeling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Kostan
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Salzer
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Albina Orlova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Imre Törö
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vesna Hodnik
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Yosuke Senju
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juan Zou
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Claudia Schreiner
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Steiner
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jari Meriläinen
- Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko Nikki
- Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ismo Virtanen
- Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Oliviero Carugo
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Juri Rappsilber
- Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Department of Biotechnology, Technological University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pekka Lappalainen
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veli-Pekka Lehto
- Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gregor Anderluh
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia EN-FIST Centre of Excellence, Ljubljana, Slovena
| | - Edward H Egelman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kristina Djinović-Carugo
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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182
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The CDC42-Interacting Protein 4 Controls Epithelial Cell Cohesion and Tumor Dissemination. Dev Cell 2014; 30:553-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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183
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CIP4 promotes lung adenocarcinoma metastasis and is associated with poor prognosis. Oncogene 2014; 34:3527-35. [PMID: 25174397 PMCID: PMC4978543 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is linked to tumor progression, metastasis, and poor survival rates. Here, we report the role of Cdc42-interacting protein 4 (CIP4) in the regulation of NSCLC cell invasiveness and tumor metastasis. CIP4 was highly expressed in a panel of NSCLC cell lines and normal lung epithelial cell lines. Stable knock-down (KD) of CIP4 in lung adenocarcinoma H1299 cells, expressing wild-type EGFR, led to increased EGFR levels on the cell surface, and defects in sustained activation of Erk kinase in H1299 cells treated with EGF. CIP4 localized to leading edge projections in NSCLC cells, and CIP4 KD cells displayed defects in EGF-induced cell motility and invasion through extracellular matrix. This correlated with reduced expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in CIP4 KD cells compared to control. In xenograft assays, CIP4 silencing had no effect on tumor growth, but resulted in significant defects in spontaneous metastases to the lungs from these subcutaneous tumors. This correlated with reduced expression of the Erk target gene Zeb1, and the Zeb1 target gene MMP-2 in CIP4 KD tumors compared to control. CIP4 also enhanced rates of metastasis to the liver and lungs in an intrasplenic experimental metastasis model. In human NSCLC tumor sections, CIP4 expression was elevated ≥ 2-fold in 43% of adenocarcinomas and 32% of squamous carcinomas compared to adjacent normal lung tissues. Analysis of microarray data for NSCLC patients also revealed that high CIP4 transcript levels correlated with reduced overall survival. Together, these results identify CIP4 as a positive regulator of NSCLC metastasis, and a potential poor prognostic biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma.
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184
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Roujeinikova A. Phospholipid binding residues of eukaryotic membrane-remodelling F-BAR domain proteins are conserved in Helicobacter pylori CagA. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:525. [PMID: 25115379 PMCID: PMC4141123 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cytotoxin associated gene product A (CagA) is an oncogenic protein secreted by the gastric bacterium Helicobacter pylori. Internalization of CagA by human epithelial cells occurs by an unknown mechanism that requires interaction with the host membrane lipid phosphatidylserine. Findings Local homology at the level of amino acid sequence and secondary structure has been identified between the membrane-tethering region of CagA and the lipid-binding Fes-CIP4 homology-Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (F-BAR) domains of eukaryotic proteins. The F-BAR proteins are major components of the endocytic machinery. In addition to the membrane-binding F-BAR domains, they contain other domains that interact with actin-regulatory networks and mediate interplay between membrane dynamics and cytoskeleton re-arrangements. Positively charged residues found on the lipid binding face of the F-BAR domains are conserved in CagA and represent residues involved in CagA binding to lipids. Conclusions The homologies with F-BAR proteins extend to lipid binding specificities and involvement in reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. CagA and F-BAR domains share binding specificity for phosphatidylserine and phosphoinositides. Similar to the F-BAR proteins, CagA has a membrane-binding module and a module that shares structural homology with actin-binding proteins, and, like eukaryotic F-BAR domain proteins, CagA function is linked to actin dynamics. The uncovered similarities between the bacterial effector protein and eukaryotic F-BAR proteins suggest convergent evolution of CagA towards a similar function. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1756-0500-7-525) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Roujeinikova
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Building 76, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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185
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Messa M, Fernández-Busnadiego R, Sun EW, Chen H, Czapla H, Wrasman K, Wu Y, Ko G, Ross T, Wendland B, De Camilli P. Epsin deficiency impairs endocytosis by stalling the actin-dependent invagination of endocytic clathrin-coated pits. eLife 2014; 3:e03311. [PMID: 25122462 PMCID: PMC4161027 DOI: 10.7554/elife.03311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epsin is an evolutionarily conserved endocytic clathrin adaptor whose most critical function(s) in clathrin coat dynamics remain(s) elusive. To elucidate such function(s), we generated embryonic fibroblasts from conditional epsin triple KO mice. Triple KO cells displayed a dramatic cell division defect. Additionally, a robust impairment in clathrin-mediated endocytosis was observed, with an accumulation of early and U-shaped pits. This defect correlated with a perturbation of the coupling between the clathrin coat and the actin cytoskeleton, which we confirmed in a cell-free assay of endocytosis. Our results indicate that a key evolutionary conserved function of epsin, in addition to other roles that include, as we show here, a low affinity interaction with SNAREs, is to help generate the force that leads to invagination and then fission of clathrin-coated pits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Messa
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Rubén Fernández-Busnadiego
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Elizabeth Wen Sun
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Hong Chen
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Heather Czapla
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Kristie Wrasman
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Yumei Wu
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Genevieve Ko
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Theodora Ross
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Beverly Wendland
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Pietro De Camilli
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
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186
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Iron-rich ferritin in the hypoxia-tolerant rodent Spalax ehrenbergi: a naturally-occurring biomarker confirms the internalization and pathways of intracellular macromolecules. J Struct Biol 2014; 187:254-265. [PMID: 25050761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of pits/caveolae in the plasmalemma advanced the study of macromolecule internalization. "Transcytosis" describes the transport of macromolecular cargo from one front of a polarized cell to the other within membrane-bounded carrier(s), via endocytosis, intracellular trafficking and exocytosis. Clathrin-mediated transcytosis is used extensively by epithelial cells, while caveolae-mediated transcytosis mostly occurs in endothelial cells. The internalization pathways were monitored by various markers, including radioisotopes, nanoparticles, enzymes, immunostains, and fluorophores. We describe an internalization pathway identified using a naturally-occurring biomarker, in vivo assembled ferritin, containing electron-dense iron cores. Iron, an essential trace metal for most living species and iron homeostasis, is crucial for cellular life. Ferritin is a ubiquitous and highly conserved archeoprotein whose main function is to store a reserve iron supply inside the cytoplasm in a non-toxic form. Ferritin is present in all organisms which have a metabolic requirement for iron and in even in organisms whose taxonomic rank is very low. The newborns of the blind mole, Spalax ehrenbergi, are born and live in a hypoxic environment and have significant iron overload in their liver and heart, but their iron metabolism has not been previously studied. These newborns, which are evolutionarily adapted to fluctuations in the environmental oxygen, have a unique ability to sequester transplacental iron and store it in ferritin without any signs of iron toxicity. Using the ferrihydrite cores of ferritin, we were able to monitor the ferritin internalization from portals of its entry into the cytosol of hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes and into the lysosomes.
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187
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Martín-García R, Coll PM, Pérez P. F-BAR domain protein Rga7 collaborates with Cdc15 and Imp2 to ensure proper cytokinesis in fission yeast. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:4146-58. [PMID: 25052092 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.146233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
F-BAR domain proteins act as linkers between the cell cortex and cytoskeleton, and are involved in membrane binding and bending. Rga7 is one of the seven F-BAR proteins present in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. In addition to the F-BAR domain in the N-terminal region, Rga7 possesses a Rho GTPase-activating protein (GAP) domain at its C-terminus. We show here that Rga7 is necessary to prevent fragmentation of the contracting ring and incorrect septum synthesis. Accordingly, cultures of cells lacking Rga7 contain a higher percentage of dividing cells and more frequent asymmetric or aberrant septa, which ultimately might cause cell death. The Rga7 F-BAR domain is necessary for the protein localization to the division site and to the cell tips, and also for the Rga7 roles in cytokinesis. In contrast, Rga7 GAP catalytic activity seems to be dispensable. Moreover, we demonstrate that Rga7 cooperates with the two F-BAR proteins Cdc15 and Imp2 to ensure proper cytokinesis. We have also detected association of Rga7 with Imp2, and its binding partners Fic1 and Pxl1. Taken together, our findings suggest that Rga7 forms part of a protein complex that coordinates the late stages of cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Martín-García
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pedro M Coll
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pilar Pérez
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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188
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Sun X, Pinacho R, Saia G, Punko D, Meana JJ, Ramos B, Gill G. Transcription factor Sp4 regulates expression of nervous wreck 2 to control NMDAR1 levels and dendrite patterning. Dev Neurobiol 2014; 75:93-108. [PMID: 25045015 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glutamatergic signaling through N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) is important for neuronal development and plasticity and is often dysregulated in psychiatric disorders. Mice mutant for the transcription factor Sp4 have reduced levels of NMDAR subunit 1 (NR1) protein, but not mRNA, and exhibit behavioral and memory deficits (Zhou et al., [2010] Human Molecular Genetics 19: 3797-3805). In developing cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs), Sp4 controls dendrite patterning (Ramos et al., [2007] Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104: 9882-9887). Sp4 target genes that regulate dendrite pruning or NR1 levels are not known. Here we report that Sp4 activates transcription of Nervous Wreck 2 (Nwk2; also known as Fchsd1) and, further, that Nwk2, an F-BAR domain-containing protein, mediates Sp4-dependent regulation of dendrite patterning and cell surface expression of NR1. Knockdown of Nwk2 in CGNs increased primary dendrite number, phenocopying Sp4 knockdown, and exogenous expression of Nwk2 in Sp4-depleted neurons rescued dendrite number. We observed that acute Sp4 depletion reduced levels of surface, but not total, NR1, and this was rescued by Nwk2 expression. Furthermore, expression of Nr1 suppressed the increase in dendrite number in Sp4- or Nwk2- depleted neurons. We previously reported that Sp4 protein levels were reduced in cerebellum of subjects with bipolar disorder (BD) (Pinacho et al., [2011] Bipolar Disorders 13: 474-485). Here we report that Nwk2 mRNA and NR1 protein levels were also reduced in postmortem cerebellum of BD subjects. Our data suggest a role for Sp4-regulated Nwk2 in NMDAR trafficking and identify a Sp4-Nwk2-NMDAR1 pathway that regulates neuronal morphogenesis during development and may be disrupted in bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Sun
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111; Genetics Program, Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111
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189
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Yolcu C, Haussman RC, Deserno M. The Effective Field Theory approach towards membrane-mediated interactions between particles. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 208:89-109. [PMID: 24685271 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2014.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Fluid lipid membranes can mediate forces between particles bound to them: A local deformation of the surface geometry created by some object spreads to distant regions, where other objects can respond to it. The physical characteristics of these geometric interactions, and how they are affected by thermal fluctuations, are well described by the simple continuum curvature-elastic Hamiltonian proposed 40 years ago by Wolfgang Helfrich. Unfortunately, while the underlying principles are conceptually straightforward, the corresponding calculations are not-largely because one must enforce boundary conditions for finite-sized objects. This challenge has inspired several heuristic approaches for expressing the problem in a point particle language. While streamlining the calculations of leading order results and enabling predictions for higher order corrections, the ad hoc nature of the reformulation leaves its domain of validity unclear. In contrast, the framework of Effective Field Theory (EFT) provides a systematic way to construct a completely equivalent point particle description. In this review we present a detailed account for how this is accomplished. In particular, we use a familiar example from electrostatics as an analogy to motivate the key steps needed to construct an EFT, most notably capturing finite size information in point-like "polarizabilities," and determining their value through a suitable "matching procedure." The interaction (free) energy then emerges as a systematic cumulant expansion, for which powerful diagrammatic techniques exist, which we also briefly revisit. We then apply this formalism to derive series expansions for interactions between flat and curved particle pairs, multibody interactions, as well as corrections to all these interactions due to thermal fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Yolcu
- Dept. of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Robert C Haussman
- Dept. of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Markus Deserno
- Dept. of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
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190
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Myogenesis defect due to Toca-1 knockdown can be suppressed by expression of N-WASP. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:1930-41. [PMID: 24861867 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle formation is a multistep process involving proliferation, differentiation, alignment and fusion of myoblasts to form myotubes which fuse with additional myoblast to form myofibers. Toca-1 (Transducer of Cdc42-dependent actin assembly), is an adaptor protein which activates N-WASP in conjunction with Cdc42 to facilitate membrane invagination, endocytosis and actin cytoskeleton remodeling. Expression of Toca-1 in mouse primary myoblasts and C2C12 myoblasts was up-regulated on day 1 of differentiation and subsequently down-regulated during differentiation. Knocking down Toca-1 expression in C2C12 cells (Toca-1(KD) cells) resulted in a significant decrease in myotube formation and expression of shRNA-resistant Toca-1 in Toca-1(KD) cells rescued the myogenic defect, suggesting that the knockdown was specific and Toca-1 is essential for myotube formation. Toca-1(KD) cells exhibited elongated spindle-like morphology, expressed myogenic markers (MyoD and MyHC) and localized N-Cadherin at cell periphery similar to control cells suggesting that Toca-1 is not essential for morphological changes or expression of proteins critical for differentiation. Toca-1(KD) cells displayed prominent actin fibers suggesting a defect in actin cytoskeleton turnover necessary for cell-cell fusion. Toca-1(KD) cells migrated faster than control cells and had a reduced number of vinculin patches similar to N-WASP(KO) MEF cells. Transfection of N-WASP-expressing plasmid into Toca-1(KD) cells restored myotube formation of Toca-1(KD) cells. Thus, our results suggest that Toca-1(KD) cells have defects in formation of myotubes probably due to reduced activity of actin cytoskeleton regulators such as N-WASP. This is the first study to identify and characterize the role of Toca-1 in myogenesis.
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191
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Wu T, Shi Z, Baumgart T. Mutations in BIN1 associated with centronuclear myopathy disrupt membrane remodeling by affecting protein density and oligomerization. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93060. [PMID: 24755653 PMCID: PMC3995651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of membrane shapes is central to many cellular phenomena. Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain-containing proteins are key players for membrane remodeling during endocytosis, cell migration, and endosomal sorting. BIN1, which contains an N-BAR domain, is assumed to be essential for biogenesis of plasma membrane invaginations (T-tubules) in muscle tissues. Three mutations, K35N, D151N and R154Q, have been discovered so far in the BAR domain of BIN1 in patients with centronuclear myopathy (CNM), where impaired organization of T-tubules has been reported. However, molecular mechanisms behind this malfunction have remained elusive. None of the BIN1 disease mutants displayed a significantly compromised curvature sensing ability. However, two mutants showed impaired membrane tubulation both in vivo and in vitro, and displayed characteristically different behaviors. R154Q generated smaller membrane curvature compared to WT N-BAR. Quantification of protein density on membranes revealed a lower membrane-bound density for R154Q compared to WT and the other mutants, which appeared to be the primary reason for the observation of impaired deformation capacity. The D151N mutant was unable to tubulate liposomes under certain experimental conditions. At medium protein concentrations we found 'budding' structures on liposomes that we hypothesized to be intermediates during the tubulation process except for the D151N mutant. Chemical crosslinking assays suggested that the D151N mutation impaired protein oligomerization upon membrane binding. Although we found an insignificant difference between WT and K35N N-BAR in in vitro assays, depolymerizing actin in live cells allowed tubulation of plasma membranes through the K35N mutant. Our results provide insights into the membrane-involved pathophysiological mechanisms leading to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Zheng Shi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Tobias Baumgart
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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192
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Schneider K, Seemann E, Liebmann L, Ahuja R, Koch D, Westermann M, Hübner CA, Kessels MM, Qualmann B. ProSAP1 and membrane nanodomain-associated syndapin I promote postsynapse formation and function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 205:197-215. [PMID: 24751538 PMCID: PMC4003247 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201307088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
ProSAP1/Shank2 and syndapin I–enriched membrane nanodomains are important spatial cues and organizing platforms that shape dendritic membranes into synaptic compartments. Insights into mechanisms coordinating membrane remodeling, local actin nucleation, and postsynaptic scaffolding during postsynapse formation are important for understanding vertebrate brain function. Gene knockout and RNAi in individual neurons reveal that the F-BAR protein syndapin I is a crucial postsynaptic coordinator in formation of excitatory synapses. Syndapin I deficiency caused significant reductions of synapse and dendritic spine densities. These syndapin I functions reflected direct, SH3 domain–mediated associations and functional interactions with ProSAP1/Shank2. They furthermore required F-BAR domain-mediated membrane binding. Ultra-high-resolution imaging of specifically membrane-associated, endogenous syndapin I at membranes of freeze-fractured neurons revealed that membrane-bound syndapin I preferentially occurred in spines and formed clusters at distinct postsynaptic membrane subareas. Postsynaptic syndapin I deficiency led to reduced frequencies of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents, i.e., to defects in synaptic transmission phenocopying ProSAP1/Shank2 knockout, and impairments in proper synaptic ProSAP1/Shank2 distribution. Syndapin I–enriched membrane nanodomains thus seem to be important spatial cues and organizing platforms, shaping dendritic membrane areas into synaptic compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schneider
- Institute for Biochemistry I, 2 Institute for Human Genetics, and 3 Electron Microscopy Center, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
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193
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Bulk endocytosis at neuronal synapses. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2014; 57:378-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-014-4636-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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194
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Grützke J, Rindte K, Goosmann C, Silvie O, Rauch C, Heuer D, Lehmann MJ, Mueller AK, Brinkmann V, Matuschewski K, Ingmundson A. The spatiotemporal dynamics and membranous features of the Plasmodium liver stage tubovesicular network. Traffic 2014; 15:362-82. [PMID: 24423236 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
For membrane-bound intracellular pathogens, the surrounding vacuole is the portal of communication with the host cell. The parasitophorous vacuole (PV) harboring intrahepatocytic Plasmodium parasites satisfies the parasites' needs of nutrition and protection from host defenses to allow the rapid parasite growth that occurs during the liver stage of infection. In this study, we visualized the PV membrane (PVM) and the associated tubovesicular network (TVN) through fluorescent tagging of two PVM-resident Plasmodium berghei proteins, UIS4 and IBIS1. This strategy revealed previously unrecognized dynamics with which these membranes extend throughout the host cell. We observed dynamic vesicles, elongated clusters of membranes and long tubules that rapidly extend and contract from the PVM in a microtubule-dependent manner. Live microscopy, correlative light-electron microscopy and fluorescent recovery after photobleaching enabled a detailed characterization of these membranous features, including velocities, the distribution of UIS4 and IBIS1, and the connectivity of PVM and TVN. Labeling of host cell compartments revealed association of late endosomes and lysosomes with the elongated membrane clusters. Moreover, the signature host autophagosome protein LC3 was recruited to the PVM and TVN and colocalized with UIS4. Together, our data demonstrate that the membranes surrounding intrahepatic Plasmodium are involved in active remodeling of host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Grützke
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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195
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Del Pino I, Koch D, Schemm R, Qualmann B, Betz H, Paarmann I. Proteomic analysis of glycine receptor β subunit (GlyRβ)-interacting proteins: evidence for syndapin I regulating synaptic glycine receptors. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:11396-11409. [PMID: 24509844 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.504860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycine receptors (GlyRs) mediate inhibitory neurotransmission in spinal cord and brainstem. They are clustered at inhibitory postsynapses via a tight interaction of their β subunits (GlyRβ) with the scaffolding protein gephyrin. In an attempt to isolate additional proteins interacting with GlyRβ, we performed pulldown experiments with rat brain extracts using a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein encompassing amino acids 378-455 of the large intracellular loop of GlyRβ as bait. This identified syndapin I (SdpI) as a novel interaction partner of GlyRβ that coimmunoprecipitates with native GlyRs from brainstem extracts. Both SdpI and SdpII bound efficiently to the intracellular loop of GlyRβ in vitro and colocalized with GlyRβ upon coexpression in COS-7 cells. The SdpI-binding site was mapped to a proline-rich sequence of 22 amino acids within the intracellular loop of GlyRβ. Deletion and point mutation analysis disclosed that SdpI binding to GlyRβ is Src homology 3 domain-dependent. In cultured rat spinal cord neurons, SdpI immunoreactivity was found to partially colocalize with marker proteins of inhibitory and excitatory synapses. When SdpI was acutely knocked down in cultured spinal cord neurons by viral miRNA expression, postsynaptic GlyR clusters were significantly reduced in both size and number. Similar changes in GlyR cluster properties were found in spinal cultures from SdpI-deficient mice. Our results are consistent with a role of SdpI in the trafficking and/or cytoskeletal anchoring of synaptic GlyRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Del Pino
- Department of Neurochemistry, Max-Planck-Institute for Brain Research, D-60438 Frankfurt/Main
| | - Dennis Koch
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, D-07743 Jena
| | - Rudolf Schemm
- Department for Theoretical and Computational Biophysics, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, D-37077 Göttingen, and
| | - Britta Qualmann
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, D-07743 Jena
| | - Heinrich Betz
- Department of Neurochemistry, Max-Planck-Institute for Brain Research, D-60438 Frankfurt/Main,; Max-Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Ingo Paarmann
- Department of Neurochemistry, Max-Planck-Institute for Brain Research, D-60438 Frankfurt/Main,.
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196
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Wang H, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Jin WL, Wu G. Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the inverse F-BAR domain of the human srGAP2 protein. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS 2014; 70:123-6. [PMID: 24419634 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x13033712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs (BAR) domain proteins play essential roles in diverse cellular processes by inducing membrane invaginations or membrane protrusions. Among the BAR superfamily, the `classical' BAR and Fes/CIP4 homology BAR (F-BAR) subfamilies of proteins usually promote membrane invaginations, whereas the inverse BAR (I-BAR) subfamily generally incur membrane protrusions. Despite possessing an N-terminal F-BAR domain, the srGAP2 protein regulates neurite outgrowth and neuronal migration by causing membrane protrusions reminiscent of the activity of I-BAR domain proteins. In this study, the inverse F-BAR (IF-BAR) domain of human srGAP2 was overexpressed, purified and crystallized. The crystals of the srGAP2 IF-BAR domain protein diffracted to 3.50 Å resolution and belonged to space group P2(1). These results will facilitate further structural determination of the srGAP2 IF-BAR domain and the ultimate elucidation of its peculiar behaviour of inducing membrane protrusions rather than membrane invaginations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Lin Jin
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Geng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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197
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Abstract
A rich and ongoing history of cell biology research has defined the major polymer systems of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. Recent studies have identified additional proteins that form filamentous structures in cells and can self-assemble into linear polymers when purified. This suggests that the eukaryotic cytoskeleton is an even more complex system than previously considered. In this essay, I examine the case for an expanded definition of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton and present a series of challenges for future work in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Moseley
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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198
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The interplay between cell signalling and mechanics in developmental processes. Nat Rev Genet 2013; 14:733-44. [PMID: 24045690 DOI: 10.1038/nrg3513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Force production and the propagation of stress and strain within embryos and organisms are crucial physical processes that direct morphogenesis. In addition, there is mounting evidence that biomechanical cues created by these processes guide cell behaviours and cell fates. In this Review we discuss key roles for biomechanics during development to directly shape tissues, to provide positional information for cell fate decisions and to enable robust programmes of development. Several recently identified molecular mechanisms suggest how cells and tissues might coordinate their responses to biomechanical cues. Finally, we outline long-term challenges in integrating biomechanics with genetic analysis of developing embryos.
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199
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Destaing O, Ferguson SM, Grichine A, Oddou C, De Camilli P, Albiges-Rizo C, Baron R. Essential function of dynamin in the invasive properties and actin architecture of v-Src induced podosomes/invadosomes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77956. [PMID: 24348990 PMCID: PMC3857171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The large GTPase dynamin plays a key role in endocytosis but is also localized at numerous actin rich sites. We investigated dynamin functions at podosomes/invadosomes, actin-based cellular adhesion structures implicated in tissue invasion. Podosomes/invadosomes are constituted of long F-actin bundles perpendicular to the substratum (actin cores), connected to randomly arranged F-actin fibers parallel to the substratum (actin cloud). We show here that dynamin depletion in v-Src-transformed fibroblasts triggers a massive disorganization of podosomes/invadosomes (isolated or in rosettes), with a corresponding inhibition of their invasive properties. The action of dynamin at podosomes/invadosomes requires a functional full-length protein, suggesting that the effects of dynamin at these sites and in membrane remodelling during endocytosis are mediated by similar mechanisms. In order to determine direct effect of dynamin depletion on invadosome, an optogenetic approach based on the photosensitizer KillerRed was developed. Acute dynamin photo-inactivation leads to a very rapid disorganization of invadosome without affecting focal adhesions. Dynamin therefore is a key regulator of the architecture of actin in podosomes/invadosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Destaing
- Institut Albert Bonniot, Université Joseph Fourier; Université Joseph Fourier site Santé, Grenoble cedex, France
- Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Shawn M. Ferguson
- Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Alexei Grichine
- Institut Albert Bonniot, Université Joseph Fourier; Université Joseph Fourier site Santé, Grenoble cedex, France
| | - Christiane Oddou
- Institut Albert Bonniot, Université Joseph Fourier; Université Joseph Fourier site Santé, Grenoble cedex, France
| | - Pietro De Camilli
- Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Corinne Albiges-Rizo
- Institut Albert Bonniot, Université Joseph Fourier; Université Joseph Fourier site Santé, Grenoble cedex, France
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Roland Baron
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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200
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Vehlow A, Soong D, Vizcay-Barrena G, Bodo C, Law AL, Perera U, Krause M. Endophilin, Lamellipodin, and Mena cooperate to regulate F-actin-dependent EGF-receptor endocytosis. EMBO J 2013; 32:2722-34. [PMID: 24076656 PMCID: PMC3801443 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2013.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays an essential role during development and diseases including cancer. Lamellipodin (Lpd) is known to control lamellipodia protrusion by regulating actin filament elongation via Ena/VASP proteins. However, it is unknown whether this mechanism supports endocytosis of the EGFR. Here, we have identified a novel role for Lpd and Mena in clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) of the EGFR. We have discovered that endogenous Lpd is in a complex with the EGFR and Lpd and Mena knockdown impairs EGFR endocytosis. Conversely, overexpressing Lpd substantially increases the EGFR uptake in an F-actin-dependent manner, suggesting that F-actin polymerization is limiting for EGFR uptake. Furthermore, we found that Lpd directly interacts with endophilin, a BAR domain containing protein implicated in vesicle fission. We identified a role for endophilin in EGFR endocytosis, which is mediated by Lpd. Consistently, Lpd localizes to clathrin-coated pits (CCPs) just before vesicle scission and regulates vesicle scission. Our findings suggest a novel mechanism in which Lpd mediates EGFR endocytosis via Mena downstream of endophilin. Cooperation between a BAR domain protein and a regulator of actin filament elongation during lamellipodia protrusion reveals actin cytoskeleton roles in endocytic vesicle scission in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Vehlow
- King's College London, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, London, UK
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