151
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Northrop J, Oliver DB, Mukerji I. Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Mapping: A New Methodology to Elucidate Global Structural Features. J Vis Exp 2022:10.3791/63433. [PMID: 35377367 PMCID: PMC10639101 DOI: 10.3791/63433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is an established fluorescence-based method used to successfully measure distances in and between biomolecules in vitro as well as within cells. In FRET, the efficiency of energy transfer, measured by changes in fluorescence intensity or lifetime, relates to the distance between two fluorescent molecules or labels. Determination of dynamics and conformational changes from the distances are just some examples of applications of this method to biological systems. Under certain conditions, this methodology can add to and enhance existing X-ray crystal structures by providing information regarding dynamics, flexibility, and adaptation to binding surfaces. We describe the use of FRET and associated distance determinations to elucidate structural properties, through the identification of a binding site or the orientations of dimer subunits. Through judicious choice of labeling sites, and often employment of multiple labeling strategies, we have successfully applied these mapping methods to determine global structural properties in a protein-DNA complex and the SecA-SecYEG protein translocation system. In the SecA-SecYEG system, we have used FRET mapping methods to identify the preprotein-binding site and determine the local conformation of the bound signal sequence region. This study outlines the steps for performing FRET mapping studies, including identification of appropriate labeling sites, discussion of possible labels including non-native amino acid residues, labeling procedures, how to perform measurements, and interpreting the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Northrop
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Department, Wesleyan University
| | - Donald B Oliver
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Department, Wesleyan University; Molecular Biophysics Program, Wesleyan University
| | - Ishita Mukerji
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Department, Wesleyan University; Molecular Biophysics Program, Wesleyan University;
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152
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Artyukh RI, Fatkhullin BF, Kachalova GS, Antipova VN, Perevyazova TA, Yunusova AK. Structural analysis of cysteine-free Nt.BspD6 nicking endonuclease and its functional features. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2022; 1870:140756. [PMID: 35026466 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2022.140756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nicking endonuclease Nt.BspD6I (Nt.BspD6I) is the large subunit of the heterodimeric restriction endonuclease R.BspD6I. It recognizes the short specific DNA sequence 5´'- GAGTC and cleaves only the top strand in dsDNA at a distance of four nucleotides downstream the recognition site toward the 3´'-terminus. A mechanism of interaction of this protein with DNA is still unknown. Here we report the crystal structure of Cysteine-free Nt.BspD6I, with four cysteine residues (11, 160, 508, 578) substituted by serine, which was determined with a resolution of 1.93 Å. A comparative structural analysis showed that the substitution of cysteine residues induced marked conformational changes in the N-terminal recognition and the C-terminal cleavage domains. As a result of this changes were formed three new hydrogen bonds and the electrostatic field in these regions changed compared with wild type Nt.BspD6I. The substitution of cysteine residues did not alter the nicking function of Cysteine-free Nt.BspD6I but caused change in the activity of Cysteine-free heterodimeric restriction endonuclease R.BspD6I due to a change in the interaction between its large and small subunits. The results obtained contribute to the identification of factors influencing the interactions of subunits in the heterodimeric restriction enzyme R.BspD6I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimma I Artyukh
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia.
| | - Bulat F Fatkhullin
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - Galina S Kachalova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - Valeriya N Antipova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - Tatyana A Perevyazova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - Alfiya K Yunusova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
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153
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Bacterial Transcriptional Regulators: A Road Map for Functional, Structural, and Biophysical Characterization. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042179. [PMID: 35216300 PMCID: PMC8879271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The different niches through which bacteria move during their life cycle require a fast response to the many environmental queues they encounter. The sensing of these stimuli and their correct response is driven primarily by transcriptional regulators. This kind of protein is involved in sensing a wide array of chemical species, a process that ultimately leads to the regulation of gene transcription. The allosteric-coupling mechanism of sensing and regulation is a central aspect of biological systems and has become an important field of research during the last decades. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art techniques applied to unravel these complex mechanisms. We introduce a roadmap that may serve for experimental design, depending on the answers we seek and the initial information we have about the system of study. We also provide information on databases containing available structural information on each family of transcriptional regulators. Finally, we discuss the recent results of research about the allosteric mechanisms of sensing and regulation involving many transcriptional regulators of interest, highlighting multipronged strategies and novel experimental techniques. The aim of the experiments discussed here was to provide a better understanding at a molecular level of how bacteria adapt to the different environmental threats they face.
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154
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Cabrera-Orefice A, Potter A, Evers F, Hevler JF, Guerrero-Castillo S. Complexome Profiling-Exploring Mitochondrial Protein Complexes in Health and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:796128. [PMID: 35096826 PMCID: PMC8790184 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.796128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Complexome profiling (CP) is a state-of-the-art approach that combines separation of native proteins by electrophoresis, size exclusion chromatography or density gradient centrifugation with tandem mass spectrometry identification and quantification. Resulting data are computationally clustered to visualize the inventory, abundance and arrangement of multiprotein complexes in a biological sample. Since its formal introduction a decade ago, this method has been mostly applied to explore not only the composition and abundance of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes in several species but also to identify novel protein interactors involved in their assembly, maintenance and functions. Besides, complexome profiling has been utilized to study the dynamics of OXPHOS complexes, as well as the impact of an increasing number of mutations leading to mitochondrial disorders or rearrangements of the whole mitochondrial complexome. Here, we summarize the major findings obtained by this approach; emphasize its advantages and current limitations; discuss multiple examples on how this tool could be applied to further investigate pathophysiological mechanisms and comment on the latest advances and opportunity areas to keep developing this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Cabrera-Orefice
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Alisa Potter
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Felix Evers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Johannes F Hevler
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sergio Guerrero-Castillo
- University Children's Research@Kinder-UKE, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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155
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Zhou Z, Li Y, Xu H, Xie X, He Z, Lin S, Li R, Jin S, Cui J, Hu H, Liu F, Wu S, Ma W, Songyang Z. An inducible CRISPR/Cas9 screen identifies DTX2 as a transcriptional regulator of human telomerase. iScience 2022; 25:103813. [PMID: 35198878 PMCID: PMC8844827 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Most tumor cells reactivate telomerase to ensure unlimited proliferation, whereas the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is tightly regulated and rate-limiting for telomerase activity maintenance. Several general transcription factors (TFs) have been found in regulating hTERT transcription; however, a systematic study is lacking. Here we performed an inducible CRISPR/Cas9 KO screen using an hTERT core promoter-driven reporter. We identified numerous positive regulators including an E3 ligase DTX2. In telomerase-positive cancer cells, DTX2 depletion downregulated hTERT transcription and telomerase activity, contributing to progressive telomere shortening, growth arrest, and increased apoptosis. Utilizing BioID, we characterized multiple TFs as DTX2 proximal proteins, among which NFIC functioned corporately with DTX2 in promoting hTERT transcription. Further analysis demonstrated that DTX2 mediated K63-linked ubiquitination of NFIC, which facilitated NFIC binding to the hTERT promoter and enhanced hTERT expression. These findings highlight a new hTERT regulatory pathway that may be exploited for potential cancer therapeutics. An inducible CRISPR/Cas9 screen identifies regulators for hTERT transcription DTX2 deficiency leads to telomere shortening and cell growth arrest DTX2 mediates ubiquitination on NFIC, stabilizing NFIC binding on hTERT promoter DTX2-NFIC functions corporately to promote hTERT transcription and tumorigenesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifen Zhou
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research, Institute of Healthy Aging Research, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yujing Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research, Institute of Healthy Aging Research, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Huimin Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research, Institute of Healthy Aging Research, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaowei Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research, Institute of Healthy Aging Research, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zibin He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research, Institute of Healthy Aging Research, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Song Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research, Institute of Healthy Aging Research, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ruofei Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research, Institute of Healthy Aging Research, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shouheng Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research, Institute of Healthy Aging Research, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jun Cui
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research, Institute of Healthy Aging Research, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hai Hu
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Feng Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research, Institute of Healthy Aging Research, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Su Wu
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research, Institute of Healthy Aging Research, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Wenbin Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research, Institute of Healthy Aging Research, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Zhou Songyang
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research, Institute of Healthy Aging Research, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510005, China
- Corresponding author
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156
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Roth S, Ideses D, Juven-Gershon T, Danielli A. Rapid Biosensing Method for Detecting Protein-DNA Interactions. ACS Sens 2022; 7:60-70. [PMID: 34979074 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Identifying and investigating protein-DNA interactions, which play significant roles in many biological processes, is essential for basic and clinical research. Current techniques for identification of protein-DNA interactions are laborious, time-consuming, and suffer from nonspecific binding and limited sensitivity. To overcome these challenges and assess protein-DNA interactions, we use a magnetic modulation biosensing (MMB) system. In MMB, one of the interacting elements (protein or DNA) is immobilized to magnetic beads, and the other is coupled to a fluorescent molecule. Thus, the link between the magnetic bead and the fluorescent molecule is established only when binding occurs, enabling detection of the protein-DNA interaction. Using magnetic forces, the beads are concentrated and manipulated in a periodic motion in and out of a laser beam, producing a detectable oscillating signal. Using MMB, we detected protein-DNA interactions between short GC-rich DNA sequences and both a purified specificity protein 1 (Sp1) and an overexpressed Buttonhead (BTD) protein in a cell lysate. The specificity of the interactions was assessed using mutated DNA sequences and competition experiments. The assays were experimentally compared with commonly used electrophoretic mobility shift assay, which takes approximately 4-72 h. In comparison, the MMB-based assay's turnaround time is ∼2 h, and it provides unambiguous results and quantitative measures of performance. The MMB system uses simple and cheap components, making it an attractive alternative method over current costly and time-consuming techniques for analyzing protein-DNA interactions. Therefore, we anticipate that the MMB-based technique will significantly advance the detection of protein-DNA interactions in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Roth
- Faculty of Engineering, The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Max and Anna Webb Street, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Diana Ideses
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Max and Anna Webb Street, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Tamar Juven-Gershon
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Max and Anna Webb Street, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Amos Danielli
- Faculty of Engineering, The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Max and Anna Webb Street, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
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157
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Wang H, Liu Y, Cheng X, Zhang Y, Li S, Wang X, Xiang W. Titer improvement of milbemycins via coordinating metabolic competition and transcriptional co-activation controlled by SARP family regulator in Streptomyces bingchenggensis. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:1252-1263. [PMID: 35084043 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Streptomyces bingchenggensis is a promising producer of milbemycins (MILs), the macrolide pesticide used widely in agriculture. The relationship between different biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) and the MIL BGC remains unclear, which hinders the precise metabolic engineering of S. bingchenggensis for titer improvement. To address this issue, this study discovered the regulatory function of a previously unidentified regulator KelR on a type-II polyketide BGC, MIL BGC and two other BGCs, and caused titer improvement. First, a type II polyketide synthase (PKS) gene cluster kel with a bidirectional effect on MIL biosynthesis was found using transcriptome analysis. A Streptomyces antibiotic regulatory protein (SARP) family regulator KelR from the kel cluster was then characterized as an activator of several BGCs including mil and kel clusters. Metabolic competition between mil and kel clusters at the late fermentation stage was confirmed. Finally, KelR and those BGCs were manipulated in S. bingchenggensis, which led to a 71.7% titer improvement of MIL A3/A4 to 4058.2±71.0 mg/L. This research deciphered the regulatory function of a previously unidentified regulatory protein KelR on several BGCs including mil in S. bingchenggensis and provided an example of coordinating metabolic competition and co-regulation for titer improvement of secondary metabolites. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- School of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiangjing Wang
- School of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Wensheng Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.,School of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
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158
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Rodríguez J, Pérez-González C, Martínez-Calvo M, Mosquera J, Mascareñas JL. Deactivation of a dimeric DNA-binding peptide through a palladium-mediated self-immolative cleavage. RSC Adv 2022; 12:3500-3504. [PMID: 35425354 PMCID: PMC8979313 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra09180h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we describe an approach for the on-demand disassembly of dimeric peptides using a palladium-mediated cleavage of a designed self-immolative linker. The utility of the strategy is demonstrated for the case of dimeric basic regions of bZIP transcription factors. While the dimer binds designed DNA sequences with good affinities, the peptide–DNA complex can be readily dismounted by addition of palladium reagents that trigger the cleavage of the spacer, and the release of unfunctional monomeric peptides. A metallic trigger for disassembling and cancelling function.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Rodríguez
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Rúa Jenaro de la Fuente s/n Santiago de Compostela 15782 Spain
| | - Cibrán Pérez-González
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Rúa Jenaro de la Fuente s/n Santiago de Compostela 15782 Spain
| | - Miguel Martínez-Calvo
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Rúa Jenaro de la Fuente s/n Santiago de Compostela 15782 Spain
| | - Jesús Mosquera
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Rúa Jenaro de la Fuente s/n Santiago de Compostela 15782 Spain
| | - José L Mascareñas
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Rúa Jenaro de la Fuente s/n Santiago de Compostela 15782 Spain
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159
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Díaz-Galicia E, Grünberg R, Arold ST. How to Find the Right RNA-Sensing CRISPR-Cas System for an In Vitro Application. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12020053. [PMID: 35200314 PMCID: PMC8869480 DOI: 10.3390/bios12020053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas systems have a great and still largely untapped potential for in vitro applications, in particular, for RNA biosensing. However, there is currently no systematic guide on selecting the most appropriate RNA-targeting CRISPR-Cas system for a given application among thousands of potential candidates. We provide an overview of the currently described Cas effector systems and review existing Cas-based RNA detection methods. We then propose a set of systematic selection criteria for selecting CRISPR-Cas candidates for new applications. Using this approach, we identify four candidates for in vitro RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Escarlet Díaz-Galicia
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Raik Grünberg
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (R.G.); (S.T.A.)
| | - Stefan T. Arold
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), INSERM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence: (R.G.); (S.T.A.)
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160
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Abstract
Two sets of bioorthogonally applicable, double fluorogenic probes, capable of sensing DNA–protein interactions, were prepared by installing an azide or tetrazine motif onto structurally fluorogenic, DNA sensitive frames. Installation of these bioorthogonal functions onto DNA intercalating dyes furnished these scaffolds with reactivity based fluorogenicity, rendering these probes double-fluorogenic, AND-type logic switches that require the simultaneous occurrence of a bioorthogonal reaction and interaction with DNA to trigger high intensity fluorescence. The probes were evaluated for double fluorogenic behavior in the presence/absence of DNA and a complementary bioorthogonal function. Our studies revealed that azide and tetrazine appending thiazole orange frames show remarkable double fluorogenic features. One of these probes, a membrane permeable tetrazine modified thiazole orange derivative was further tested in live cell labeling studies. Cells expressing bioorthogonalized DNA-binding proteins showed intensive fluorescence characteristics of the localization of the proteins upon treatment with our double fluorogenic probe. On the contrary, labeling similarly bioorthogonalized cytosolic proteins did not result in the appearance of the fluorescence signal. These studies suggest that such double-fluorogenic probes are indeed capable of sensing DNA–protein interactions in cells.
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161
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HBXIP induces anoikis resistance by forming a reciprocal feedback loop with Nrf2 to maintain redox homeostasis and stabilize Prdx1 in breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2022; 8:7. [PMID: 35027562 PMCID: PMC8758767 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-021-00374-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anoikis resistance is an essential prerequisite for tumor metastasis, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Herein, we report that the oncoprotein hepatitis B X-interacting protein (HBXIP) is prominently upregulated in breast cancer cells following ECM detachment. Altering HBXIP expression can impair the anchorage-independent growth ability of tumor cells. Mechanistically, HBXIP, which binds to Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) to activate nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), contains a cis-acting antioxidant response element (ARE) in the gene promoter and is a target gene of Nrf2. The HBXIP/Nrf2 axis forms a reciprocal positive feedback loop that reinforces the expression and tumor-promoting actions of each protein. In response to ECM detachment, Nrf2 reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, protects the mitochondrial membrane potential and increases cellular ATP, GSH and NADPH levels to maintain breast cancer cell survival. Meanwhile, the reinforcement of HBXIP induced by Nrf2 inhibits JNK1 activation by inhibiting ubiquitin-mediated degradation of Prdx1, which also plays an essential role in promoting ECM-detached cell survival. Furthermore, a strong positive correlation was identified between HBXIP expression and Prdx1 expression in clinical breast cancer tissues and TCGA Pan-Cancer Atlas clinical data of breast invasive carcinoma based on the cBioPortal cancer genomics database. Co-expression of HBXIP and Prdx1 predicts a poor prognosis for breast cancer patients. Collectively, our findings reveal a significant mechanism by which the HBXIP/Nrf2 feedback loop contributes to anoikis resistance by maintaining redox homeostasis and inhibiting JNK1 activation and support the likely therapeutic value of the HBXIP/Nrf2 axis in breast cancer patients.
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162
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Charlier D, Bervoets I. Separation and Characterization of Protein-DNA Complexes by EMSA and In-Gel Footprinting. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2516:169-199. [PMID: 35922628 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2413-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In-gel footprinting enables the precise identification of protein binding sites on the DNA after separation of free and protein-bound DNA molecules by gel electrophoresis in native conditions and subsequent digestion by the nuclease activity of the 1,10-phenanthroline-copper ion [(OP)2-Cu+] within the gel matrix. Hence, the technique combines the resolving power of protein-DNA complexes in the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) with the precision of target site identification by chemical footprinting. This approach is particularly well suited to characterize distinct molecular assemblies in a mixture of protein-DNA complexes and to identify individual binding sites within composite operators, when the concentration-dependent occupation of binding sites, with a different affinity, results in the generation of complexes with a distinct stoichiometry and migration velocity in gel electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Charlier
- Research Group of Microbiology, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Indra Bervoets
- Research Group of Microbiology, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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163
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Aydin O, Kanarya D, Yilmaz U, Tunç CÜ. Determination of Optimum Ratio of Cationic Polymers and Small Interfering RNA with Agarose Gel Retardation Assay. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2434:117-128. [PMID: 35213013 PMCID: PMC9703289 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2010-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials have aroused attention in the recent years for their high potential for gene delivery applications. Most of the nanoformulations used in gene delivery are positively charged to carry negatively charged oligonucleotides. However, excessive positively charged carriers are cytotoxic. Therefore, the complexed oligonucleotide/nanoparticles should be well-examined before the application. In that manner, agarose gel electrophoresis, which is a basic method utilized for separation, identification, and purification of nucleic acid molecules because of its poriferous nature, is one of the strategies to determine the most efficient complexation rate. When the electric field is applied, RNA fragments can migrate through anode due to the negatively charged phosphate backbone. Because RNA has a uniform mass/charge ratio, RNA molecules run in agarose gel proportional according to their size and molecular weight. In this chapter, the determination of complexation efficiency between cationic polymer carriers and small interfering RNA (siRNA) cargos by using agarose gel electrophoresis is described. siRNA/cationic polymer carrier complexes are placed in an electric field and the charged molecules move through the counter-charged electrodes due to the phenomenon of electrostatic attraction. Nucleic acid cargos are loaded to cationic carriers via the electrostatic interaction between positively charged amine groups (N) of the carrier and negatively charged phosphate groups (P) of RNA. The N/P ratio determines the loading efficiency of the cationic polymer carrier. In here, the determination of N/P ratio, where the most efficient complexation occurs, by exposure to the electric field with a gel retardation assay is explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Aydin
- NanoThera Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
- ERNAM - Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
- ERKAM - Clinical Engineering and Implementation Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Dilek Kanarya
- NanoThera Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- ERNAM - Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ummugulsum Yilmaz
- NanoThera Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Cansu Ümran Tunç
- NanoThera Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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164
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Antika TR, Chrestella DJ, Ivanesthi IR, Rida G, Chen KY, Liu FG, Lee YC, Chen YW, Tseng YK, Wang CC. OUP accepted manuscript. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:2190-2200. [PMID: 35100402 PMCID: PMC8887476 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike many other aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, alanyl-tRNA synthetase (AlaRS) retains a conserved prototype structure throughout biology. While Caenorhabditis elegans cytoplasmic AlaRS (CeAlaRSc) retains the prototype structure, its mitochondrial counterpart (CeAlaRSm) contains only a residual C-terminal domain (C-Ala). We demonstrated herein that the C-Ala domain from CeAlaRSc robustly binds both tRNA and DNA. It bound different tRNAs but preferred tRNAAla. Deletion of this domain from CeAlaRSc sharply reduced its aminoacylation activity, while fusion of this domain to CeAlaRSm selectively and distinctly enhanced its aminoacylation activity toward the elbow-containing (or L-shaped) tRNAAla. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CeAlaRSm once possessed the C-Ala domain but later lost most of it during evolution, perhaps in response to the deletion of the T-arm (part of the elbow) from its cognate tRNA. This study underscores the evolutionary gain of C-Ala for docking AlaRS to the L-shaped tRNAAla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titi Rindi Antika
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Dea Jolie Chrestella
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Indira Rizqita Ivanesthi
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Gita Riswana Nawung Rida
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Guo Liu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chung Lee
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Beitou District, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Landseed International Hospital, Pingzhen District, Taoyuan 32449, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Kuan Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Statistics, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chia Wang
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +886 3 426 0840; Fax: +886 3 422 8482;
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165
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Mudiyanselage SDD, Wang Y. Fluorescein-Based Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2316:133-140. [PMID: 34845691 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1464-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
RNA-protein complexes are functionally important in biology. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) have been widely used to study the molecular basis of protein-RNA interactions. Previous methods for EMSA mostly relied on radioactive RNA substrates, raising health and environmental concerns. Here, we describe a method based on fluorescein-labeled RNA for EMSA. In addition, we simplified the protocol to efficiently purify RNA-binding proteins from bacterial expression systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA.
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166
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Ning S, Chao HJ, Li S, Zhou R, Zou L, Zhang X, Liu J, Yan D, Duan M. The auto-inhibition mechanism of transcription factor Ets-1 induced by phosphorylation on the intrinsically disordered region. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:1132-1141. [PMID: 35317227 PMCID: PMC8902471 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most abundant post-translation modifications (PTMs), the phosphorylation usually occurred on the intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs). The regulation on the structures and interactions of IDRs induced by phosphorylation is critical to the function performing. The eukaryotic transcription factor 1 (Ets-1) is a member of transcription factor family, which participates in many important biological processes. The DNA-binding ability of Ets-1 is auto-inhibited by a disordered serine-rich region (SRR) on the Ets-1. The inhibition ability of SRR is greatly enhanced by the phosphorylation of the serine on the SRR. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms of the phosphorylation regulation on the structure and activity of Ets-1 are still unclear and under debates. By using both of the molecular simulations and biochemical experiments, we studied the molecule mechanism of phosphorylation regulation on the auto-inhibition of the Ets-1. The reasons of stabilization of Ets-1 core by phosphorylation on SRR region were elucidated. More important, the free energy landscapes (FEL) show that both of the steric hindrance and allosteric regulation are responsible for the DNA-binding inhibitory induced by phosphorylation, but the steric effects contribute greater than the allosteric regulation. The phosphorylation not only enhances the electrostatic interactions to facilitate the steric impedance, but also promotes the formation of hydrophobic residue clusters, which provide major driven force for the allosteric regulation. The structural basis of auto-inhibition of Ets-1 induced by the phosphorylation revealed in this study would great help the developing of inhibitor for the cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangbo Ning
- National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jun Chao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuangli Li
- National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhou
- National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zou
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhang
- National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dazhong Yan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, People’s Republic of China
- Corresponding authors at: National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, People’s Republic of China (M. Duan).
| | - Mojie Duan
- National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
- Corresponding authors at: National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, People’s Republic of China (M. Duan).
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167
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Chen J, Chen M, Zhu TF. Directed evolution and selection of biostable L-DNA aptamers with a mirror-image DNA polymerase. Nat Biotechnol 2022; 40:1601-1609. [PMID: 35668324 PMCID: PMC9646512 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-022-01337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mirror-image aptamers made from chirally inverted nucleic acids are nuclease-resistant and exceptionally biostable, opening up opportunities for unique applications. However, the directed evolution and selection of mirror-image aptamers directly from large randomized L-DNA libraries has, to our knowledge, not been demonstrated previously. Here, we developed a 'mirror-image selection' scheme for the directed evolution and selection of biostable L-DNA aptamers with a mirror-image DNA polymerase. We performed iterative rounds of enrichment and mirror-image polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of L-DNA sequences that bind native human thrombin, in conjunction with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) to isolate individual aptamers and L-DNA sequencing-by-synthesis to determine their sequences. Based on the selected L-DNA aptamers, we designed biostable thrombin sensors and inhibitors, which remained functional in physiologically relevant nuclease-rich environments, even in the presence of human serum that rapidly degraded D-DNA aptamers. Mirror-image selection of biostable L-DNA aptamers directly from large randomized L-DNA libraries greatly expands the range of biomolecules that can be targeted, broadening their applications as biostable sensors, therapeutics and basic research tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Chen
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyin Chen
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting F. Zhu
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
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168
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Choi WS, Garcia-Diaz M. A minimal motif for sequence recognition by mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM). Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 50:322-332. [PMID: 34928349 PMCID: PMC8754647 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab1230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) plays a critical role in mitochondrial transcription initiation and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) packaging. Both functions require DNA binding, but in one case TFAM must recognize a specific promoter sequence, while packaging requires coating of mtDNA by association with non sequence-specific regions. The mechanisms by which TFAM achieves both sequence-specific and non sequence-specific recognition have not yet been determined. Existing crystal structures of TFAM bound to DNA allowed us to identify two guanine-specific interactions that are established between TFAM and the bound DNA. These interactions are observed when TFAM is bound to both specific promoter sequences and non-sequence specific DNA. These interactions are established with two guanine bases separated by 10 random nucleotides (GN10G). Our biochemical results demonstrate that the GN10G consensus is essential for transcriptional initiation and contributes to facilitating TFAM binding to DNA substrates. Furthermore, we report a crystal structure of TFAM in complex with a non sequence-specific sequence containing a GN10G consensus. The structure reveals a unique arrangement in which TFAM bridges two DNA substrates while maintaining the GN10G interactions. We propose that the GN10G consensus is key to facilitate the interaction of TFAM with DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Suk Choi
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Miguel Garcia-Diaz
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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169
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Dong H, Huang F, Guo X, Xu X, Liu Q, Li X, Feng Y. Characterization of Argonaute nucleases from mesophilic bacteria Paenibacillus borealis and Brevibacillus laterosporus. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:133. [PMID: 38650276 PMCID: PMC10992608 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00478-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermophilic Argonaute proteins (Agos) have been shown to utilize small DNA guides for cleaving complementary DNA in vitro, which shows great potential for nucleic acid detection. In this study, we explored mesophilic Agos for the detection of small molecule by cooperating with allosteric transcription factors (aTFs). Two Agos from mesophilic bacteria, Paenibacillus borealis (PbAgo) and Brevibacillus laterosporus (BlAgo), showed nuclease activity for single-stranded DNA at moderate temperatures (37 °C) by using 5'-phosphorylated and 5'-hydroxylated DNA guides. Both Agos perform programmable cleavage of double-stranded DNA, especially in AT-rich regions of plasmid. Furthermore, we developed a simple and low-cost p-hydroxybenzoic acid detection method based on DNA-guided DNA cleavage of Agos and the allosteric effect of HosA, which expands the potential application of small molecule detection by Agos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huarong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
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170
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He L, Chang H, Qi Y, Zhang B, Shao Q. ceRNA Networks: The Backbone Role in Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Resistance/Sensitivity of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:15330338211062313. [PMID: 34908512 PMCID: PMC8689620 DOI: 10.1177/15330338211062313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 40% of rectal cancers during initial diagnosis are identified as locally advanced rectal cancers (LARCs), for which the standardized treatment scenario is total mesorectal excision following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). nCRT can lead to discernible reductions in local relapse rate and distant metastasis rate in LARC patients, in whom previously inoperable tumors may potentially be surgically removed. However, only 4% to 20% cases can attain pathological complete response, and the remaining patients who are unresponsive to nCRT have to suffer from the side effects plus toxicities and may encounter poor survival outcomes due to the late surgical intervention. As such, employing potential biomarkers to differentiate responders from nonresponders before nCRT implementation appears to be the overarching goal. Well-defined competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks include long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)-microRNA (miRNA)-mRNA and circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks. As ceRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs sponge miRNAs to indirectly suppress miRNAs downstream of oncogenic mRNAs or tumor-suppressive mRNAs. The abnormal expression of mRNAs regulates the nCRT-induced DNA damage repair process through pluralistic carcinogenic signaling pathways, thereby bringing about alterations in the nCRT resistance/sensitivity of tumors. Moreover, many molecular mechanisms relevant to cell proliferation, metastasis, or apoptosis of cancers (eg, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and caspase-9-caspase-3 pathway) are influenced by ceRNA networks. Herein, we reviewed a large group of abnormally expressed mRNAs and noncoding RNAs that are associated with nCRT resistance/sensitivity in LARC patients and ultimately pinpointed the backbone role of ceRNA networks in the molecular mechanisms of nCRT resistance/sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin He
- Department of Radiotherapy, 56697Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.,Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China
| | - Hao Chang
- Department of Radiotherapy, 56697Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuhong Qi
- Department of Radiotherapy, 56697Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, 56697Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Qiuju Shao
- Department of Radiotherapy, 56697Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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171
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Liano D, Chowdhury S, Di Antonio M. Cockayne Syndrome B Protein Selectively Resolves and Interact with Intermolecular DNA G-Quadruplex Structures. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20988-21002. [PMID: 34855372 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Guanine-rich DNA can fold into secondary structures known as G-quadruplexes (G4s). G4s can form from a single DNA strand (intramolecular) or from multiple DNA strands (intermolecular), but studies on their biological functions have been often limited to intramolecular G4s, owing to the low probability of intermolecular G4s to form within genomic DNA. Herein, we report the first example of an endogenous protein, Cockayne Syndrome B (CSB), that can bind selectively with picomolar affinity toward intermolecular G4s formed within rDNA while displaying negligible binding toward intramolecular structures. We observed that CSB can selectively resolve intermolecular over intramolecular G4s, demonstrating that its selectivity toward intermolecular structures is also reflected at the resolvase level. Immunostaining of G4s with the antibody BG4 in CSB-impaired cells (CS1AN) revealed that G4-staining in the nucleolus of these cells can be abrogated by transfection of viable CSB, suggesting that intermolecular G4s can be formed within rDNA and act as binding substrate for CSB. Given that loss of function of CSB elicits premature aging phenotypes, our findings indicate that the interaction between CSB and intermolecular G4s in rDNA could be of relevance to maintain cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Liano
- Chemistry Department, Imperial College London, Molecular Science Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom.,Institute of Chemical Biology, Molecular Science Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Souroprobho Chowdhury
- Chemistry Department, Imperial College London, Molecular Science Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom.,Institute of Chemical Biology, Molecular Science Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Di Antonio
- Chemistry Department, Imperial College London, Molecular Science Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom.,Institute of Chemical Biology, Molecular Science Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom.,The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
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172
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Ma F, Li CC, Zhang CY. Nucleic acid amplification-integrated single-molecule fluorescence imaging for in vitro and in vivo biosensing. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13415-13428. [PMID: 34796887 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04799j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Single-molecule fluorescence imaging is among the most advanced analytical technologies and has been widely adopted for biosensing due to its distinct advantages of simplicity, rapidity, high sensitivity, low sample consumption, and visualization capability. Recently, a variety of nucleic acid amplification approaches have been developed to provide a straightforward and highly efficient way for amplifying low abundance target signals. The integration of single-molecule fluorescence imaging with nucleic acid amplification has greatly facilitated the construction of various fluorescent biosensors for in vitro and in vivo detection of DNAs, RNAs, enzymes, and live cells with high sensitivity and good selectivity. Herein, we review the advances in the development of fluorescent biosensors by integrating single-molecule fluorescence imaging with nucleic acid amplification based on enzyme (e.g., DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase, exonuclease, and endonuclease)-assisted and enzyme-free (e.g., catalytic hairpin assembly, entropy-driven DNA amplification, ligation chain reaction, and hybridization chain reaction) strategies, and summarize the principles, features, and in vitro and in vivo applications of the emerging biosensors. Moreover, we discuss the remaining challenges and future directions in this area. This review may inspire the development of new signal-amplified single-molecule biosensors and promote their practical applications in fundamental and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China. .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Chen-Chen Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China. .,Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Chun-Yang Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
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173
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Ma Y, Wang X, Luo W, Xiao J, Song X, Wang Y, Shuai H, Ren Z, Wang Y. Roles of Emerging RNA-Binding Activity of cGAS in Innate Antiviral Response. Front Immunol 2021; 12:741599. [PMID: 34899698 PMCID: PMC8660693 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.741599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
cGAS, a DNA sensor in mammalian cells, catalyzes the generation of 2'-3'-cyclic AMP-GMP (cGAMP) once activated by the binding of free DNA. cGAMP can bind to STING, activating downstream TBK1-IRF-3 signaling to initiate the expression of type I interferons. Although cGAS has been considered a traditional DNA-binding protein, several lines of evidence suggest that cGAS is a potential RNA-binding protein (RBP), which is mainly supported by its interactions with RNAs, RBP partners, RNA/cGAS-phase-separations as well as its structural similarity with the dsRNA recognition receptor 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthase. Moreover, two influential studies reported that the cGAS-like receptors (cGLRs) of fly Drosophila melanogaster sense RNA and control 3'-2'-cGAMP signaling. In this review, we summarize and discuss in depth recent studies that identified or implied cGAS as an RBP. We also comprehensively summarized current experimental methods and computational tools that can identify or predict RNAs that bind to cGAS. Based on these discussions, we appeal that the RNA-binding activity of cGAS cannot be ignored in the cGAS-mediated innate antiviral response. It will be important to identify RNAs that can bind and regulate the activity of cGAS in cells with or without virus infection. Our review provides novel insight into the regulation of cGAS by its RNA-binding activity and extends beyond its DNA-binding activity. Our review would be significant for understanding the precise modulation of cGAS activity, providing the foundation for the future development of drugs against cGAS-triggering autoimmune diseases such as Aicardi-Gourtières syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Ma
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weisheng Luo
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji Xiao
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Song
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanlin Shuai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Heyuan, China
| | - Zhe Ren
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiliang Wang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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174
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Ying D, Tseng CY, Chen PW, Lo YH, Hall D. A 30.3 fA/√Hz Biosensing Current Front-End With 139 dB Cross-Scale Dynamic Range. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2021; 15:1368-1379. [PMID: 34727038 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2021.3124197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents an 8-channel array of low-noise (30.3 fA/√Hz) current sensing front-ends with on-chip microelectrode electrochemical sensors. The analog front-end (AFE) consists of a 1st-order continuous-time delta-sigma (CT ΔΣ) modulator that achieves 123 fA sensitivity over a 10 Hz bandwidth and 139 dB cross-scale dynamic range with a 2-bit programmable current reference. A digital predictor and tri-level pulse width modulated (PWM) current-steering DAC realize the equivalent performance of a multi-bit ΔΣ in an area- and power-efficient manner. The AFE consumes 50.3 µW and 0.11 mm2 per readout channel. The proposed platform was used to observe protein-ligand interactions in real-time using transient induced molecular electronic spectroscopy (TIMES), a label- and immobilization-free biosensing technique.
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175
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Stockmal KA, Downs LP, Davis AN, Kemp LK, Karim S, Morgan SE. Cationic Glycopolyelectrolytes for RNA Interference in Tick Cells. Biomacromolecules 2021; 23:34-46. [PMID: 34793129 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The black-legged tick (Ixodes scapularis) is the primary vector for bacteria that cause Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi), where numerous glycosylated tick proteins are involved at the interface of vector-host-pathogen interactions. Reducing the expression of key tick proteins, such as selenoprotein K (SelK), through RNA interference is a promising approach to reduce pathogen transmission, but efficient delivery of nucleic acids to arthropods has proven challenging. While cationic glycopolymers have been used as nonviral gene delivery vehicles in mammalian cells, their use in arthropod or insect gene transfection has not been established. In this study, statistical acrylamide-based cationic glycopolymers with glucose or galactose pendant groups were synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization, and the effects of the saccharide pendant group and cationic monomer loading on polymer cytotoxicity, RNA complexation, and SelK gene knockdown in ISE6 cells were evaluated. All polymers exhibited low cytotoxicity, yet RNA/copolymer complex cell uptake and gene knockdown were highly dependent on the saccharide structure and the N:P (amino to phosphate groups) ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli A Stockmal
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-5050, United States
| | - Latoyia P Downs
- School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-5050, United States
| | - Ashley N Davis
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-5050, United States
| | - Lisa K Kemp
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-5050, United States
| | - Shahid Karim
- School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-5050, United States.,Center for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-5050, United States
| | - Sarah E Morgan
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-5050, United States
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176
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Gui L, Zhang S, Xu Y, Zhang H, Zhu Y, Kong L. UBE2S promotes cell chemoresistance through PTEN-AKT signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2021; 7:357. [PMID: 34785642 PMCID: PMC8595659 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00750-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination displays a crucial role in various biological functions, such as protein degradation, signal transduction, and cellular homeostasis. Accumulating evidence has indicated that ubiquitination is essential in cancer progression. Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2S (UBE2S) is a member of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family of the ubiquitin system and its role in hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is largely unknown. We investigated the role of UBE2S in HCC and found UBE2S upregulation is relevant with large tumor size, recurrence, and advanced TNM stage, serving as an independent risk factor of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) for HCC patients. We conducted in vitro experiments and found that in HCC cells, UBE2S overexpression increases the resistance to 5-FU and oxaliplatin, while UBE2S knockdown achieves an opposite effect. UBE2S is transcriptionally activated by the binding of FOXM1 to UBE2S promoter, which induces its upregulation and reduces PTEN protein level by promoting PTEN ubiquitination at Lys60 and Lys327 and facilitating AKT phosphorylation. The promotional effect of FOXM1-UBE2S axis on HCC cell chemoresistance is attenuated by allosteric AKT inhibitor, MK2206. In conclusion, our results reveal that UBE2S is a prognostic biomarker for HCC patients, and the FOXM1-UBE2S-PTEN-p-AKT signaling axis might be a promising target for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Gui
- grid.452509.f0000 0004 1764 4566Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Sicai Zhang
- grid.452509.f0000 0004 1764 4566Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Yongzi Xu
- grid.452509.f0000 0004 1764 4566Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- grid.452509.f0000 0004 1764 4566Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lianbao Kong
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 210029, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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177
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He X, Yuan J, Wang Y. G3BP1 binds to guanine quadruplexes in mRNAs to modulate their stabilities. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:11323-11336. [PMID: 34614161 PMCID: PMC8565330 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA guanine quadruplexes (rG4) assume important roles in post-transcriptional regulations of gene expression, which are often modulated by rG4-binding proteins. Hence, understanding the biological functions of rG4s requires the identification and functional characterizations of rG4-recognition proteins. By employing a bioinformatic approach based on the analysis of overlap between peaks obtained from rG4-seq analysis and those detected in >230 eCLIP-seq datasets for RNA-binding proteins generated from the ENCODE project, we identified a large number of candidate rG4-binding proteins. We showed that one of these proteins, G3BP1, is able to bind directly to rG4 structures with high affinity and selectivity, where the binding entails its C-terminal RGG domain and is further enhanced by its RRM domain. Additionally, our seCLIP-Seq data revealed that pyridostatin, a small-molecule rG4 ligand, could displace G3BP1 from mRNA in cells, with the most pronounced effects being observed for the 3′-untranslated regions (3′-UTR) of mRNAs. Moreover, luciferase reporter assay results showed that G3BP1 positively regulates mRNA stability through its binding with rG4 structures. Together, we identified a number of candidate rG4-binding proteins and validated that G3BP1 can bind directly with rG4 structures and regulate the stabilities of mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei He
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0403, USA
| | - Jun Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0403, USA
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0403, USA
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178
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Determining translocation orientations of nucleic acid helicases. Methods 2021; 204:160-171. [PMID: 34758393 PMCID: PMC9076756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicase enzymes translocate along an RNA or DNA template with a defined polarity to unwind, separate, or remodel duplex strands for a variety of genome maintenance processes. Helicase mutations are commonly associated with a variety of diseases including aging, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Biochemical characterization of these enzymes has provided a wealth of information on the kinetics of unwinding and substrate preferences, and several high-resolution structures of helicases alone and bound to oligonucleotides have been solved. Together, they provide mechanistic insights into the structural translocation and unwinding orientations of helicases. However, these insights rely on structural inferences derived from static snapshots. Instead, continued efforts should be made to combine structure and kinetics to better define active translocation orientations of helicases. This review explores many of the biochemical and biophysical methods utilized to map helicase binding orientation to DNA or RNA substrates and includes several time-dependent methods to unequivocally map the active translocation orientation of these enzymes to better define the active leading and trailing faces.
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179
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Polyketide Starter and Extender Units Serve as Regulatory Ligands to Coordinate the Biosynthesis of Antibiotics in Actinomycetes. mBio 2021; 12:e0229821. [PMID: 34579580 PMCID: PMC8546615 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02298-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyketides are one of the largest categories of secondary metabolites, and their biosynthesis is initiated by polyketide synthases (PKSs) using coenzyme A esters of short fatty acids (acyl-CoAs) as starter and extender units. In this study, we discover a universal regulatory mechanism in which the starter and extender units, beyond direct precursors of polyketides, function as ligands to coordinate the biosynthesis of antibiotics in actinomycetes. A novel acyl-CoA responsive TetR-like regulator (AcrT) is identified in an erythromycin-producing strain of Saccharopolyspora erythraea. AcrT shows the highest binding affinity to the promoter of the PKS-encoding gene eryAI in the DNA affinity capture assay (DACA) and directly represses the biosynthesis of erythromycin. Propionyl-CoA (P-CoA) and methylmalonyl-CoA (MM-CoA) as the starter and extender units for erythromycin biosynthesis can serve as the ligands to release AcrT from PeryAI, resulting in an improved erythromycin yield. Intriguingly, anabolic pathways of the two acyl-CoAs are also suppressed by AcrT through inhibition of the transcription of acetyl-CoA (A-CoA) and P-CoA carboxylase genes and stimulation of the transcription of citrate synthase genes, which is beneficial to bacterial growth. As P-CoA and MM-CoA accumulate, they act as ligands in turn to release AcrT from those targets, resulting in a redistribution of more A-CoA to P-CoA and MM-CoA against citrate. Furthermore, based on analyses of AcrT homologs in Streptomyces avermitilis and Streptomyces coelicolor, it is believed that polyketide starter and extender units have a prevalent, crucial role as ligands in modulating antibiotic biosynthesis in actinomycetes.
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180
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Xie W, Xia Q, Chen L, Xiong G, Gao Y, Yu Y, He X. Cloning and identification of a new repressor of 3,17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase of Comamonas testosteroni. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7067-7075. [PMID: 34677711 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06566-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 3,17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3,17β-HSD) is a key enzyme in the metabolic pathway for steroid compounds catabolism in Comamonas testosteroni. Tetracycline repressor (TetR) family, repressors existing in most microorganisms, may play key roles in regulating the expression of 3,17β-HSD. Previous reports showed that three tetR genes are located in the contig58 of C. testosteroni ATCC 11996 (GenBank: AHIL01000049.1), among which the first tetR gene encoded a potential repressor of 3,17β-HSD by sensing environmental signals. However, whether the other proposed tetR genes act as repressors of 3,17β-HSD are still unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS In the present study, we cloned the second tetR gene and analyzed the regulatory mechanism of the protein on 3,17β-HSD using electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)-based assay, and loss-of-function analysis. The results showed that the second tetR gene was 660-bp, encoding a 26 kD protein, which could regulate the expression of 3,17β-HSD gene via binding to the conserved consensus sequences located 1100-bp upstream of the 3,17β-HSD gene. Furthermore, the mutant strain of C. testosteroni with the second tetR gene knocked-out mutant expresses good biological genetic stability, and the expression of 3,17β-HSD in the mutant strain is slightly higher than that in the wild type under testosterone induction. CONCLUSIONS The second tetR gene acts as a negative regulator in 3,17β-HSD expression, and the mutant has potential application in bioremediation of steroids contaminated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Qin Xia
- School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Ling Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Guangming Xiong
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, 24103, Kiel, Germany
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Yuanhua Yu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Xiuxia He
- School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China.
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181
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Li M, Itoh A, Xi J, Yu C, Wu Y, Ridgway WM, Liu H. Enhancing Antigen Presentation and Inducing Antigen-Specific Immune Tolerance with Amphiphilic Peptides. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:2051-2059. [PMID: 34526376 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ag-specific immunotherapy to restore immune tolerance to self-antigens, without global immune suppression, is a long-standing goal in the treatment of autoimmune disorders such as type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, vaccination with autoantigens such as insulin or glutamic acid decarboxylase have largely failed in human T1D trials. Induction and maintenance of peripheral tolerance by vaccination requires efficient autoantigen presentation by APCs. In this study, we show that a lipophilic modification at the N-terminal end of CD4+ epitopes (lipo-peptides) dramatically improves peptide Ag presentation. We designed amphiphilic lipo-peptides to efficiently target APCs in the lymph nodes by binding and trafficking with endogenous albumin. Additionally, we show that lipophilic modification anchors the peptide into the membranes of APCs, enabling a bivalent cell-surface Ag presentation. The s.c. injected lipo-peptide accumulates in the APCs in the lymph node, enhances the potency and duration of peptide Ag presentation by APCs, and induces Ag-specific immune tolerance that controls both T cell- and B cell-mediated immunity. Immunization with an amphiphilic insulin B chain 9-23 peptide, an immunodominant CD4+ T cell epitope in NOD mice, significantly suppresses the activation of T cells, increases inhibitory cytokine production, induces regulatory T cells, and delays the onset and lowers the incidence of T1D. Importantly, treatment with a lipophilic β-cell peptide mixture delays progression to end-stage diabetes in acutely diabetic NOD mice, whereas the same doses of standard soluble peptides were not effective. Amphiphilic modification effectively enhances Ag presentation for peptide-based immune regulation of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Arata Itoh
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Jingchao Xi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Chunsong Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Yuehong Wu
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - William M Ridgway
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Haipeng Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; .,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; and.,Tumor Biology and Microenvironment Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI
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182
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Tan H, Su G, Tan X, Qin Y, Chen L, Yuan G, Kijlstra A, Yang P. SNP-mediated binding of TBX1 to the enhancer element of IL-10 reduces the risk of Behçet's disease. Epigenomics 2021; 13:1523-1537. [PMID: 34612069 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2021-0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The genetic association between Behçet's disease susceptibility and IL-10 has been confirmed in multiple cohorts, but the underlying mechanism of this association remains unclear. Materials & methods: We combined public resources and laboratory experiments (electrophoretic mobility shift assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporter gene and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing) to analyze transcription factor binding and enhancer activity controlling IL-10 expression. Results & conclusion: The T allele of noncoding rs3024490 within super-enhancer elements is able to specifically bind TBX1 and, in turn, promotes the enhancer activity and increased expression of IL-10. However, a relative deficiency in TBX1 in Behçet's disease patients leads to the low expression of IL-10 and increased risk of developing Behçet's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handan Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Guannan Su
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xiao Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yang Qin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Lin Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Gangxiang Yuan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Aize Kijlstra
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands
| | - Peizeng Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, PR China
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183
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Liu Y, Khan S, Wu P, Li B, Liu L, Ni J, Zhang H, Chen K, Wu H, Zhang B. Uncovering and Engineering a Mini-Regulatory Network of the TetR-Family Regulator SACE_0303 for Yield Improvement of Erythromycin in Saccharopolyspora erythraea. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:692901. [PMID: 34595157 PMCID: PMC8476842 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.692901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythromycins produced by Saccharopolyspora erythraea have broad-spectrum antibacterial activities. Recently, several TetR-family transcriptional regulators (TFRs) were identified to control erythromycin production by multiplex control modes; however, their regulatory network remains poorly understood. In this study, we report a novel TFR, SACE_0303, positively correlated with erythromycin production in Sac. erythraea. It directly represses its adjacent gene SACE_0304 encoding a MarR-family regulator and indirectly stimulates the erythromycin biosynthetic gene eryAI and resistance gene ermE. SACE_0304 negatively regulates erythromycin biosynthesis by directly inhibiting SACE_0303 as well as eryAI and indirectly repressing ermE. Then, the SACE_0303 binding site within the SACE_0303-SACE_0304 intergenic region was defined. Through genome scanning combined with in vivo and in vitro experiments, three additional SACE_0303 target genes (SACE_2467 encoding cation-transporting ATPase, SACE_3156 encoding a large transcriptional regulator, SACE_5222 encoding α-ketoglutarate permease) were identified and proved to negatively affect erythromycin production. Finally, by coupling CRISPRi-based repression of those three targets with SACE_0304 deletion and SACE_0303 overexpression, we performed stepwise engineering of the SACE_0303-mediated mini-regulatory network in a high-yield strain, resulting in enhanced erythromycin production by 67%. In conclusion, the present study uncovered the regulatory network of a novel TFR for control of erythromycin production and provides a multiplex tactic to facilitate the engineering of industrial actinomycetes for yield improvement of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Sabir Khan
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Panpan Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Bowen Li
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Lanlan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Jingshu Ni
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Ketao Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Hang Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Buchang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
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184
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Enhancing Ristomycin A Production by Overexpression of ParB-Like StrR Family Regulators Controlling the Biosynthesis Genes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0106621. [PMID: 34505824 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01066-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Amycolatopsis sp. strain TNS106 harbors a ristomycin-biosynthetic gene cluster (asr) in its genome and produces ristomycin A. Deletion of the sole cluster-situated StrR family regulatory gene, asrR, abolished ristomycin A production and the transcription of the asr genes orf5 to orf39. The ristomycin A fermentation titer in Amycolatopsis sp. strain TNS106 was dramatically improved by overexpression of asrR and a heterologous StrR family regulatory gene, bbr, from the balhimycin-biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) utilizing strong promoters and multiple gene copies. Ristomycin A production was improved by approximately 60-fold, resulting in a fermentation titer of 4.01 g/liter in flask culture, in one of the engineered strains. Overexpression of AsrR and Bbr upregulated transcription of tested asr biosynthetic genes, indicating that these asr genes were positively regulated by AsrR and Bbr. However, only the promoter region of the asrR operon and the intergenic region upstream of orf12 were bound by AsrR and Bbr in gel retardation assays, suggesting that AsrR and Bbr directly regulated the asrR operon and probably orf12 to orf14 but no other asr biosynthetic genes. Further assays with synthetic short probes showed that AsrR and Bbr specifically bound not only probes containing the canonical inverted repeats but also a probe with only one 7-bp element of the inverted repeats in its native context. AsrR and Bbr have an N-terminal ParB-like domain and a central winged helix-turn-helix DNA-binding domain. Site-directed mutations indicated that the N-terminal ParB-like domain was involved in activation of ristomycin A biosynthesis and did not affect the DNA-binding activity of AsrR and Bbr. IMPORTANCE This study showed that overexpression of either a native StrR family regulator (AsrR) or a heterologous StrR family regulator (Bbr) dramatically improved ristomycin A production by increasing the transcription of biosynthetic genes directly or indirectly. The conserved ParB-like domain of AsrR and Bbr was demonstrated to be involved in the regulation of asr BGC expression. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism of StrR family regulators in the regulation of glycopeptide antibiotic biosynthesis. Furthermore, the regulator overexpression plasmids constructed in this study could serve as valuable tools for strain improvement and genome mining for new glycopeptide antibiotics. In addition, ristomycin A is a type III glycopeptide antibiotic clinically used as a diagnostic reagent due to its side effects. The overproduction strains engineered in this study are ideal materials for industrial production of ristomycin A.
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185
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Yu F, Wang Z, Zhang T, Chen X, Xu H, Wang F, Guo L, Chen M, Liu K, Wu B. Deficiency of intestinal Bmal1 prevents obesity induced by high-fat feeding. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5323. [PMID: 34493722 PMCID: PMC8423749 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25674-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of intestine clock in energy homeostasis remains elusive. Here we show that mice with Bmal1 specifically deleted in the intestine (Bmal1iKO mice) have a normal phenotype on a chow diet. However, on a high-fat diet (HFD), Bmal1iKO mice are protected against development of obesity and related abnormalities such as hyperlipidemia and fatty livers. These metabolic phenotypes are attributed to impaired lipid resynthesis in the intestine and reduced fat secretion. Consistently, wild-type mice fed a HFD during nighttime (with a lower BMAL1 expression) show alleviated obesity compared to mice fed ad libitum. Mechanistic studies uncover that BMAL1 transactivates the Dgat2 gene (encoding the triacylglycerol synthesis enzyme DGAT2) via direct binding to an E-box in the promoter, thereby promoting dietary fat absorption. Supporting these findings, intestinal deficiency of Rev-erbα, a known BMAL1 repressor, enhances dietary fat absorption and exacerbates HFD-induced obesity and comorbidities. Moreover, small-molecule targeting of REV-ERBα/BMAL1 by SR9009 ameliorates HFD-induced obesity in mice. Altogether, intestine clock functions as an accelerator in dietary fat absorption and targeting intestinal BMAL1 may be a promising approach for management of metabolic diseases induced by excess fat intake.
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MESH Headings
- ARNTL Transcription Factors/deficiency
- ARNTL Transcription Factors/genetics
- Animals
- Circadian Rhythm/genetics
- Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase/genetics
- Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase/metabolism
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Dietary Fats/administration & dosage
- Dietary Fats/metabolism
- Fatty Liver/etiology
- Fatty Liver/genetics
- Fatty Liver/metabolism
- Fatty Liver/prevention & control
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Homeostasis/drug effects
- Homeostasis/genetics
- Hyperlipidemias/etiology
- Hyperlipidemias/genetics
- Hyperlipidemias/metabolism
- Hyperlipidemias/prevention & control
- Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Lipid Metabolism/drug effects
- Lipid Metabolism/genetics
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/metabolism
- Obesity/etiology
- Obesity/genetics
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/prevention & control
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Binding
- Pyrrolidines/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction
- Thiophenes/pharmacology
- Triglycerides/biosynthesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjun Yu
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianpeng Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xun Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiman Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianxia Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaisheng Liu
- Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Baojian Wu
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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186
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Zou RS, Liu Y, Ha T. In vitro Cleavage and Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assays for Very Fast CRISPR. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e4138. [PMID: 34604444 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas9 has transformed biomedical research and medicine through convenient and targeted manipulation of DNA. Time- and spatially-resolved control over Cas9 activity through the recently developed very fast CRISPR (vfCRISPR) system have facilitated comprehensive studies of DNA damage and repair. Understanding the fundamental principles of Cas9 binding and cleavage behavior is essential before the widespread use of these systems and can be readily accomplished in vitro through both cleavage and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA). The protocol for in vitro cleavage consists of Cas9 with guide RNA (gRNA) ribonucleoprotein (RNP) formation, followed by incubation with target DNA. For EMSA, this reaction is directly loaded onto an agarose gel for visualization of the target DNA band that is shifted due to binding by the Cas9 RNP. To assay for cleavage, Proteinase K is added to degrade the RNP, allowing target DNA (cleaved and/or uncleaved) to migrate consistently with its molecular weight. Heating at 95°C rapidly inactivates the RNP on demand, allowing time-resolved measurements of Cas9 cleavage kinetics. This protocol facilitates the characterization of the light-activation mechanism of photocaged vfCRISPR gRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger S Zou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Taekjip Ha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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187
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Probing DNA-protein interactions using single-molecule diffusivity contrast. BIOPHYSICAL REPORTS 2021; 1:100009. [PMID: 36425309 PMCID: PMC9680706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpr.2021.100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Single-molecule fluorescence investigations of protein-nucleic acid interactions require robust means to identify the binding state of individual substrate molecules in real time. Here, we show that diffusivity contrast, widely used in fluorescence correlation spectroscopy at the ensemble level and in single-particle tracking on individual (but slowly diffusing) species, can be used as a general readout to determine the binding state of single DNA molecules with unlabeled proteins in solution. We first describe the technical basis of drift-free single-molecule diffusivity measurements in an anti-Brownian electrokinetic trap. We then cross-validate our method with protein-induced fluorescence enhancement, a popular technique to detect protein binding on nucleic acid substrates with single-molecule sensitivity. We extend an existing hydrodynamic modeling framework to link measured diffusivity to particular DNA-protein structures and obtain good agreement between the measured and predicted diffusivity values. Finally, we show that combining diffusivity contrast with protein-induced fluorescence enhancement allows simultaneous mapping of binding stoichiometry and location on individual DNA-protein complexes, potentially enhancing single-molecule views of relevant biophysical processes.
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188
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Billey E, Hafidh S, Cruz-Gallardo I, Litholdo CG, Jean V, Carpentier MC, Picart C, Kumar V, Kulichova K, Maréchal E, Honys D, Conte MR, Deragon JM, Bousquet-Antonelli C. LARP6C orchestrates posttranscriptional reprogramming of gene expression during hydration to promote pollen tube guidance. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:2637-2661. [PMID: 34124761 DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.27.401307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that posttranscriptional regulation is a key player in the transition between mature pollen and the progamic phase (from pollination to fertilization). Nonetheless, the actors in this messenger RNA (mRNA)-based gene expression reprogramming are poorly understood. We demonstrate that the evolutionarily conserved RNA-binding protein LARP6C is necessary for the transition from dry pollen to pollen tubes and the guided growth of pollen tubes towards the ovule in Arabidopsis thaliana. In dry pollen, LARP6C binds to transcripts encoding proteins that function in lipid synthesis and homeostasis, vesicular trafficking, and polarized cell growth. LARP6C also forms cytoplasmic granules that contain the poly(A) binding protein and possibly represent storage sites for translationally silent mRNAs. In pollen tubes, the loss of LARP6C negatively affects the quantities and distribution of storage lipids, as well as vesicular trafficking. In Nicotiana benthamiana leaf cells and in planta, analysis of reporter mRNAs designed from the LARP6C target MGD2 provided evidence that LARP6C can shift from a repressor to an activator of translation when the pollen grain enters the progamic phase. We propose that LARP6C orchestrates the timely posttranscriptional regulation of a subset of mRNAs in pollen during the transition from the quiescent to active state and along the progamic phase to promote male fertilization in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Billey
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Said Hafidh
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Isabel Cruz-Gallardo
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Celso G Litholdo
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Viviane Jean
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Marie-Christine Carpentier
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Claire Picart
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Kulichova
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168 CNRS, CEA, INRAE, Université Grenoble Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - David Honys
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Maria R Conte
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Jean-Marc Deragon
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Cécile Bousquet-Antonelli
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
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189
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Billey E, Hafidh S, Cruz-Gallardo I, Litholdo CG, Jean V, Carpentier MC, Picart C, Kumar V, Kulichova K, Maréchal E, Honys D, Conte MR, Deragon JM, Bousquet-Antonelli C. LARP6C orchestrates posttranscriptional reprogramming of gene expression during hydration to promote pollen tube guidance. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:2637-2661. [PMID: 34124761 PMCID: PMC8408461 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that posttranscriptional regulation is a key player in the transition between mature pollen and the progamic phase (from pollination to fertilization). Nonetheless, the actors in this messenger RNA (mRNA)-based gene expression reprogramming are poorly understood. We demonstrate that the evolutionarily conserved RNA-binding protein LARP6C is necessary for the transition from dry pollen to pollen tubes and the guided growth of pollen tubes towards the ovule in Arabidopsis thaliana. In dry pollen, LARP6C binds to transcripts encoding proteins that function in lipid synthesis and homeostasis, vesicular trafficking, and polarized cell growth. LARP6C also forms cytoplasmic granules that contain the poly(A) binding protein and possibly represent storage sites for translationally silent mRNAs. In pollen tubes, the loss of LARP6C negatively affects the quantities and distribution of storage lipids, as well as vesicular trafficking. In Nicotiana benthamiana leaf cells and in planta, analysis of reporter mRNAs designed from the LARP6C target MGD2 provided evidence that LARP6C can shift from a repressor to an activator of translation when the pollen grain enters the progamic phase. We propose that LARP6C orchestrates the timely posttranscriptional regulation of a subset of mRNAs in pollen during the transition from the quiescent to active state and along the progamic phase to promote male fertilization in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Billey
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Said Hafidh
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Isabel Cruz-Gallardo
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Celso G. Litholdo
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Viviane Jean
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Marie-Christine Carpentier
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Claire Picart
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Kulichova
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168 CNRS, CEA, INRAE, Université Grenoble Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - David Honys
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Maria R. Conte
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Jean-Marc Deragon
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Cécile Bousquet-Antonelli
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
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190
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Fujita T, Nagata S, Fujii H. Protein or ribonucleoprotein-mediated blocking of recombinase polymerase amplification enables the discrimination of nucleotide and epigenetic differences between cell populations. Commun Biol 2021; 4:988. [PMID: 34413466 PMCID: PMC8376914 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02503-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Isothermal DNA amplification, such as recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), is well suited for point-of-care testing (POCT) as it does not require lengthy thermal cycling. By exploiting DNA amplification at low temperatures that do not denature heat-sensitive molecules such as proteins, we have developed a blocking RPA method to detect gene mutations and examine the epigenetic status of DNA. We found that both nucleic acid blockers and nuclease-dead clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) ribonucleoproteins suppress RPA reactions by blocking elongation by DNA polymerases in a sequence-specific manner. By examining these suppression events, we are able to discriminate single-nucleotide mutations in cancer cells and evaluate genome-editing events. Methyl-CpG binding proteins similarly inhibit elongation by DNA polymerases on CpG-methylated template DNA in our RPA reactions, allowing for the detection of methylated CpG islands. Thus, the use of heat-sensitive molecules such as proteins and ribonucleoprotein complexes as blockers in low-temperature isothermal DNA amplification reactions markedly expands the utility and application of these methods. Fujita et al. investigate the use of oligoribonucleotides, proteins, and ribonucleoprotein complexes as sequence-specific blockers of DNA extension by DNA polymerases. They demonstrate the value of proteins and ribonucleoprotein complexes as blockers in low-temperature isothermal DNA amplification reactions for discrimination of nucleotide and epigenetic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshitsugu Fujita
- Department of Biochemistry and Genome Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan.
| | - Shoko Nagata
- Department of Biochemistry and Genome Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan
| | - Hodaka Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Genome Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan.
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191
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Ji ZS, Jiang H, Xie Y, Wei QP, Yin XF, Ye JH, Quan XZ, Lan YL, Zhao M, Tian XL, Zhang YJ, Yang XZ. Chemerin promotes the pathogenesis of preeclampsia by activating CMKLR1/p-Akt/CEBPɑ axis and inducing M1 macrophage polarization. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 38:611-628. [PMID: 34398343 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09636-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A higher ratio of M1/M2 macrophages and an elevated chemerin level are both related to increased risk of preeclampsia. However, the crosstalk between these two events and their collective contribution to preeclampsia are not well understood. In this study, we assessed the impacts of chemerin chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1)/p-Akt/CEBPα axis in regulating macrophage polarization and mediating the pathogenic effects of chemerin on preeclampsia. We showed that chemerin, in a dose- and time-dependent manner, stimulated M1 macrophage polarization, inhibited macrophage-induced trophoblast invasion and migration, and suppressed macrophage-mediated angiogenesis. All these chemerin-induced phenotypes are essentially mediated by sequentially CMKLR1, Akt activation, and CEBPα. Mechanistically, CEBPα acted as a transcriptional activator for both IRF8 and chemerin. In vivo, chemerin aggravated preeclampsia, while α-NETA, an inhibitor for CMKLR1, significantly suppressed M1 macrophage polarization and alleviated preeclampsia. In summary, chemerin, by activating CMKLR1/Akt/CEBPα axis, forms a positive feedback loop, promotes M1 macrophage polarization, suppresses trophoblast migration/invasion and angiogenesis, and contributes to preeclampsia. Therefore, targeting chemerin signaling may benefit the prevention and/or treatment of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Song Ji
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No.136, Jingzhou Road, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No.136, Jingzhou Road, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Peng Wei
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No.136, Jingzhou Road, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Fang Yin
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No.136, Jingzhou Road, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Hai Ye
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No.136, Jingzhou Road, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Zhen Quan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No.136, Jingzhou Road, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Li Lan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No.136, Jingzhou Road, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No.136, Jingzhou Road, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Long Tian
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No.136, Jingzhou Road, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Jun Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No.136, Jingzhou Road, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Zhou Yang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No.136, Jingzhou Road, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
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192
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Das A, Sinha T, Shyamal S, Panda AC. Emerging Role of Circular RNA-Protein Interactions. Noncoding RNA 2021; 7:48. [PMID: 34449657 PMCID: PMC8395946 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna7030048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are emerging as novel regulators of gene expression in various biological processes. CircRNAs regulate gene expression by interacting with cellular regulators such as microRNAs and RNA binding proteins (RBPs) to regulate downstream gene expression. The accumulation of high-throughput RNA-protein interaction data revealed the interaction of RBPs with the coding and noncoding RNAs, including recently discovered circRNAs. RBPs are a large family of proteins known to play a critical role in gene expression by modulating RNA splicing, nuclear export, mRNA stability, localization, and translation. However, the interaction of RBPs with circRNAs and their implications on circRNA biogenesis and function has been emerging in the last few years. Recent studies suggest that circRNA interaction with target proteins modulates the interaction of the protein with downstream target mRNAs or proteins. This review outlines the emerging mechanisms of circRNA-protein interactions and their functional role in cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arundhati Das
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar 751023, India; (A.D.); (T.S.); (S.S.)
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - Tanvi Sinha
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar 751023, India; (A.D.); (T.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Sharmishtha Shyamal
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar 751023, India; (A.D.); (T.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Amaresh Chandra Panda
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar 751023, India; (A.D.); (T.S.); (S.S.)
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193
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Radaeva M, Ton AT, Hsing M, Ban F, Cherkasov A. Drugging the 'undruggable'. Therapeutic targeting of protein-DNA interactions with the use of computer-aided drug discovery methods. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:2660-2679. [PMID: 34332092 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) act as major oncodrivers in many cancers and are frequently regarded as high-value therapeutic targets. The functionality of TFs relies on direct protein-DNA interactions, which are notoriously difficult to target with small molecules. However, this prior view of the 'undruggability' of protein-DNA interfaces has shifted substantially in recent years, in part because of significant advances in computer-aided drug discovery (CADD). In this review, we highlight recent examples of successful CADD campaigns resulting in drug candidates that directly interfere with protein-DNA interactions of several key cancer TFs, including androgen receptor (AR), ETS-related gene (ERG), MYC, thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box protein (TOX), topoisomerase II (TOP2), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Importantly, these findings open novel and compelling avenues for therapeutic targeting of over 1600 human TFs implicated in many conditions including and beyond cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Radaeva
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and the Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Anh-Tien Ton
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and the Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Michael Hsing
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and the Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Fuqiang Ban
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and the Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Artem Cherkasov
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and the Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada.
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194
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Bjarnason S, Ruidiaz SF, McIvor J, Mercadante D, Heidarsson PO. Protein intrinsic disorder on a dynamic nucleosomal landscape. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2021; 183:295-354. [PMID: 34656332 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The complex nucleoprotein landscape of the eukaryotic cell nucleus is rich in dynamic proteins that lack a stable three-dimensional structure. Many of these intrinsically disordered proteins operate directly on the first fundamental level of genome compaction: the nucleosome. Here we give an overview of how disordered interactions with and within nucleosomes shape the dynamics, architecture, and epigenetic regulation of the genetic material, controlling cellular transcription patterns. We highlight experimental and computational challenges in the study of protein disorder and illustrate how integrative approaches are increasingly unveiling the fine details of nuclear interaction networks. We finally dissect sequence properties encoded in disordered regions and assess common features of disordered nucleosome-binding proteins. As drivers of many critical biological processes, disordered proteins are integral to a comprehensive molecular view of the dynamic nuclear milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sveinn Bjarnason
- Department of Biochemistry, Science Institute, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Sarah F Ruidiaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Science Institute, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Jordan McIvor
- School of Chemical Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Davide Mercadante
- School of Chemical Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Pétur O Heidarsson
- Department of Biochemistry, Science Institute, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
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195
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Gómez-González J, Bouzada D, Pérez-Márquez LA, Sciortino G, Maréchal JD, Vázquez López M, Vázquez ME. Stereoselective Self-Assembly of DNA Binding Helicates Directed by the Viral β-Annulus Trimeric Peptide Motif. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1564-1569. [PMID: 34320309 PMCID: PMC8485332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Combining
coordination chemistry and peptide engineering offers
extraordinary opportunities for developing novel molecular (supra)structures.
Here, we demonstrate that the β-annulus motif is capable of
directing the stereoselective assembly of designed peptides containing
2,2′-bipyridine ligands into parallel three-stranded chiral
peptide helicates, and that these helicates selectively bind with
high affinity to three-way DNA junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacobo Gómez-González
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - David Bouzada
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lidia A Pérez-Márquez
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Sciortino
- Insilichem, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola, Spain
| | - Jean-Didier Maréchal
- Insilichem, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola, Spain
| | - Miguel Vázquez López
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Eugenio Vázquez
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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196
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Ferraz RAC, Lopes ALG, da Silva JAF, Moreira DFV, Ferreira MJN, de Almeida Coimbra SV. DNA-protein interaction studies: a historical and comparative analysis. PLANT METHODS 2021; 17:82. [PMID: 34301293 PMCID: PMC8299673 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-021-00780-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
DNA-protein interactions are essential for several molecular and cellular mechanisms, such as transcription, transcriptional regulation, DNA modifications, among others. For many decades scientists tried to unravel how DNA links to proteins, forming complex and vital interactions. However, the high number of techniques developed for the study of these interactions made the choice of the appropriate technique a difficult task. This review intends to provide a historical context and compile the methods that describe DNA-protein interactions according to the purpose of each approach, summarise the respective advantages and disadvantages and give some examples of recent uses for each technique. The final aim of this work is to help in deciding which technique to perform according to the objectives and capacities of each research team. Considering the DNA-binding proteins characterisation, filter binding assay and EMSA are easy in vitro methods that rapidly identify nucleic acid-protein binding interactions. To find DNA-binding sites, DNA-footprinting is indeed an easier, faster and reliable approach, however, techniques involving base analogues and base-site selection are more precise. Concerning binding kinetics and affinities, filter binding assay and EMSA are useful and easy methods, although SPR and spectroscopy techniques are more sensitive. Finally, relatively to genome-wide studies, ChIP-seq is the desired method, given the coverage and resolution of the technique. In conclusion, although some experiments are easier and faster than others, when designing a DNA-protein interaction study several concerns should be taken and different techniques may need to be considered, since different methods confer different precisions and accuracies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo André Campos Ferraz
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Lúcia Gonçalves Lopes
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jessy Ariana Faria da Silva
- LAQV Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Diana Filipa Viana Moreira
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Nogueira Ferreira
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Vieira de Almeida Coimbra
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- LAQV Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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197
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Xiao F, Wang H, Zhang L, Ding Z, Xu S, Gu Z, Shi G. Engineering of a Biosensor in Response to Malate in Bacillus licheniformis. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:1775-1784. [PMID: 34213891 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Malate is an essential intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle; it also has valuable uses in medicine and food. The production of malate with a microbial synthesis method is still in its early stages. One of the key problems in metabolic engineering is that the dynamic and subtle changes in malate are difficult to detect. It remains critical to develop techniques with direct and precise detection of malate in microbial metabolism, which facilitates high-throughput screening of the engineered strains. In this study, a genetically encoded biosensor in response to malate was constructed in B. licheniformis. Key regulator MalR and the action site of the biosensor were first identified. Then, the output of the reporter gene expression was amplified by introducing a strong constitutive promoter and iteratively tuning the action sites. The engineered biosensor can respond to malate from 5 to 15 g/L; within this range, it shows a linear correlation between eGFP fluorescence and malate concentration. This biosensor enrich our toolbox of synthetic biology in pathway engineering for malate production in microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, People’s Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youran Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, People’s Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengxu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, People’s Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, People’s Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, People’s Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongyang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, People’s Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sha Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, People’s Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenghua Gu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, People’s Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guiyang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, People’s Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, People’s Republic of China
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198
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Shi H, Gandhi AA, Smith SA, Wang Q, Chiang D, Yalavarthi S, Ali RA, Liu C, Sule G, Tsou PS, Zuo Y, Kanthi Y, Farkash EA, Lin JD, Morrissey JH, Knight JS. Endothelium-protective, histone-neutralizing properties of the polyanionic agent defibrotide. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e149149. [PMID: 34264868 PMCID: PMC8492316 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.149149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil-mediated activation and injury of the endothelium play roles in the pathogenesis of diverse disease states ranging from autoimmunity to cancer to COVID-19. Neutralization of cationic proteins (such as neutrophil extracellular trap–derived [NET-derived] histones) with polyanionic compounds has been suggested as a potential strategy for protecting the endothelium from such insults. Here, we report that the US Food and Drug Administration–approved polyanionic agent defibrotide (a pleiotropic mixture of oligonucleotides) directly engages histones and thereby blocks their pathological effects on endothelium. In vitro, defibrotide counteracted endothelial cell activation and pyroptosis-mediated cell death, whether triggered by purified NETs or recombinant histone H4. In vivo, defibrotide stabilized the endothelium and protected against histone-accelerated inferior vena cava thrombosis in mice. Mechanistically, defibrotide demonstrated direct and tight binding to histone H4 as detected by both electrophoretic mobility shift assay and surface plasmon resonance. Taken together, these data provide insights into the potential role of polyanionic compounds in protecting the endothelium from thromboinflammation with potential implications for myriad NET- and histone-accelerated disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Alex A Gandhi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Stephanie A Smith
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Qiuyu Wang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Diane Chiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Srilakshmi Yalavarthi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Ramadan A Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Gautam Sule
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Pei-Suen Tsou
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Yu Zuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Yogendra Kanthi
- Division of Intramural Research National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Evan A Farkash
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Jiandie D Lin
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - James H Morrissey
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Jason S Knight
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
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199
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Shi H, Gandhi AA, Smith SA, Wang Q, Chiang D, Yalavarthi S, Ali RA, Liu C, Sule G, Tsou PS, Zuo Y, Kanthi Y, Farkash EA, Lin JD, Morrissey JH, Knight JS. Endothelium-protective, histone-neutralizing properties of the polyanionic agent defibrotide. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [PMID: 33655266 DOI: 10.1101/2021.02.21.21252160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil-mediated activation and injury of the endothelium play a role in the pathogenesis of diverse disease states ranging from autoimmunity to cancer to COVID-19. Neutralization of cationic proteins (such as neutrophil extracellular trap/NET-derived histones) with polyanionic compounds has been suggested as a potential strategy for protecting the endothelium from such insults. Here, we report that the FDA-approved polyanionic agent defibrotide (a pleiotropic mixture of oligonucleotides) directly engages histones and thereby blocks their pathological effects on endothelium. In vitro , defibrotide counteracted endothelial cell activation and pyroptosis-mediated cell death, whether triggered by purified NETs or recombinant histone H4. In vivo , defibrotide stabilized the endothelium and protected against histone-accelerated inferior vena cava thrombosis in mice. Mechanistically, defibrotide demonstrated direct and tight binding to histone H4 as detected by both electrophoretic mobility shift assay and surface plasmon resonance. Taken together, these data provide insights into the potential role of polyanionic compounds in protecting the endothelium from thromboinflammation with potential implications for myriad NET- and histone-accelerated disease states.
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200
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Ravi Kumara GS, Seo YJ. Polymerase-mediated synthesis of p-vinylaniline-coupled fluorescent DNA for the sensing of nucleolin protein- c-myc G-quadruplex interactions. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:5788-5793. [PMID: 34085078 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00863c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we report the synthesis of two deoxyuridine derivatives (dUCN2, dUPy)-featuring p-vinylaniline-based fluorophores linked through a propargyl unit at the 5' position-that function as molecular rotors. This probing system proved to be useful for the sensing of gene regulation arising from interactions between this G-quadruplex and nucleolin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Young Jun Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, South Korea.
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