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Yarmolinsky J, Relton CL, Lophatananon A, Muir K, Menon U, Gentry-Maharaj A, Walther A, Zheng J, Fasching P, Zheng W, Yin Ling W, Park SK, Kim BG, Choi JY, Park B, Davey Smith G, Martin RM, Lewis SJ. Appraising the role of previously reported risk factors in epithelial ovarian cancer risk: A Mendelian randomization analysis. PLoS Med 2019; 16:e1002893. [PMID: 31390370 PMCID: PMC6685606 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various risk factors have been associated with epithelial ovarian cancer risk in observational epidemiological studies. However, the causal nature of the risk factors reported, and thus their suitability as effective intervention targets, is unclear given the susceptibility of conventional observational designs to residual confounding and reverse causation. Mendelian randomization (MR) uses genetic variants as proxies for risk factors to strengthen causal inference in observational studies. We used MR to evaluate the association of 12 previously reported risk factors (reproductive, anthropometric, clinical, lifestyle, and molecular factors) with risk of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer, invasive epithelial ovarian cancer histotypes, and low malignant potential tumours. METHODS AND FINDINGS Genetic instruments to proxy 12 risk factors were constructed by identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were robustly (P < 5 × 10-8) and independently associated with each respective risk factor in previously reported genome-wide association studies. These risk factors included genetic liability to 3 factors (endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, type 2 diabetes) scaled to reflect a 50% higher odds liability to disease. We obtained summary statistics for the association of these SNPs with risk of overall and histotype-specific invasive epithelial ovarian cancer (22,406 cases; 40,941 controls) and low malignant potential tumours (3,103 cases; 40,941 controls) from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (OCAC). The OCAC dataset comprises 63 genotyping project/case-control sets with participants of European ancestry recruited from 14 countries (US, Australia, Belarus, Germany, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Norway, Canada, Poland, UK, Spain, Netherlands, and Sweden). SNPs were combined into multi-allelic inverse-variance-weighted fixed or random effects models to generate effect estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Three complementary sensitivity analyses were performed to examine violations of MR assumptions: MR-Egger regression and weighted median and mode estimators. A Bonferroni-corrected P value threshold was used to establish strong evidence (P < 0.0042) and suggestive evidence (0.0042 < P < 0.05) for associations. In MR analyses, there was strong or suggestive evidence that 2 of the 12 risk factors were associated with invasive epithelial ovarian cancer and 8 of the 12 were associated with 1 or more invasive epithelial ovarian cancer histotypes. There was strong evidence that genetic liability to endometriosis was associated with an increased risk of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer (odds ratio [OR] per 50% higher odds liability: 1.10, 95% CI 1.06-1.15; P = 6.94 × 10-7) and suggestive evidence that lifetime smoking exposure was associated with an increased risk of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer (OR per unit increase in smoking score: 1.36, 95% CI 1.04-1.78; P = 0.02). In analyses examining histotypes and low malignant potential tumours, the strongest associations found were between height and clear cell carcinoma (OR per SD increase: 1.36, 95% CI 1.15-1.61; P = 0.0003); age at natural menopause and endometrioid carcinoma (OR per year later onset: 1.09, 95% CI 1.02-1.16; P = 0.007); and genetic liability to polycystic ovary syndrome and endometrioid carcinoma (OR per 50% higher odds liability: 0.89, 95% CI 0.82-0.96; P = 0.002). There was little evidence for an association of genetic liability to type 2 diabetes, parity, or circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and sex hormone binding globulin with ovarian cancer or its subtypes. The primary limitations of this analysis include the modest statistical power for analyses of risk factors in relation to some less common ovarian cancer histotypes (low grade serous, mucinous, and clear cell carcinomas), the inability to directly examine the association of some ovarian cancer risk factors that did not have robust genetic variants available to serve as proxies (e.g., oral contraceptive use, hormone replacement therapy), and the assumption of linear relationships between risk factors and ovarian cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS Our comprehensive examination of possible aetiological drivers of ovarian carcinogenesis using germline genetic variants to proxy risk factors supports a role for few of these factors in invasive epithelial ovarian cancer overall and suggests distinct aetiologies across histotypes. The identification of novel risk factors remains an important priority for the prevention of epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Yarmolinsky
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline L. Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol and University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Artitaya Lophatananon
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Usha Menon
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, Institute for Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, Institute for Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Axel Walther
- Bristol Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jie Zheng
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen–EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen–Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Woo Yin Ling
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sue K. Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byoung-Gie Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Yeob Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Boyoung Park
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol and University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M. Martin
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol and University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J. Lewis
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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152
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Bregenzer ME, Horst EN, Mehta P, Novak CM, Repetto T, Mehta G. The Role of Cancer Stem Cells and Mechanical Forces in Ovarian Cancer Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1008. [PMID: 31323899 PMCID: PMC6679114 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11071008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is an extremely lethal gynecologic disease; with the high-grade serous subtype predominantly associated with poor survival rates. Lack of early diagnostic biomarkers and prevalence of post-treatment recurrence, present substantial challenges in treating ovarian cancers. These cancers are also characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity and protracted metastasis, further complicating treatment. Within the ovarian tumor microenvironment, cancer stem-like cells and mechanical stimuli are two underappreciated key elements that play a crucial role in facilitating these outcomes. In this review article, we highlight their roles in modulating ovarian cancer metastasis. Specifically, we outline the clinical relevance of cancer stem-like cells, and challenges associated with their identification and characterization and summarize the ways in which they modulate ovarian cancer metastasis. Further, we review the mechanical cues in the ovarian tumor microenvironment, including, tension, shear, compression and matrix stiffness, that influence (cancer stem-like cells and) metastasis in ovarian cancers. Lastly, we outline the challenges associated with probing these important modulators of ovarian cancer metastasis and provide suggestions for incorporating these cues in basic biology and translational research focused on metastasis. We conclude that future studies on ovarian cancer metastasis will benefit from the careful consideration of mechanical stimuli and cancer stem cells, ultimately allowing for the development of more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Bregenzer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Eric N Horst
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Pooja Mehta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USAeering
| | - Caymen M Novak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Taylor Repetto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USAeering
| | - Geeta Mehta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USAeering.
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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153
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Wang Y, Sessine MS, Zhai Y, Tipton C, McCool K, Kuick R, Connolly DC, Fearon ER, Cho KR. Lineage tracing suggests that ovarian endosalpingiosis does not result from escape of oviductal epithelium. J Pathol 2019; 249:206-214. [PMID: 31131879 DOI: 10.1002/path.5308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Most high-grade serous carcinomas are thought to arise from Fallopian tube epithelium (FTE), but some likely arise outside of the tube, perhaps from ectopic tubal-type epithelium known as endosalpingiosis. Importantly, the origin of endosalpingiosis is poorly understood. The proximity of the tubal fimbriae to the ovaries has led to the proposal that disruptions in the ovarian surface that occur during ovulation may allow detached FTE to implant in the ovary and form tubal-type glands and cysts. An alternative model suggests that cells present in ectopic locations outside the Müllerian tract retain the capacity for multi-lineage differentiation and can form glands with tubal-type epithelium. We used double transgenic Ovgp1-iCreERT2 ;R26RLSL-eYFP mice, which express an eYFP reporter protein in OVGP1-positive tissues following transient tamoxifen (TAM) treatment, to track the fate of oviductal epithelial cells. Cohorts of adult mice were given TAM to activate eYFP expression in oviductal epithelium, and ovaries were examined at time points ranging from 2 days to 12 months post-TAM. To test whether superovulation might increase acquisition of endosalpingiosis, additional cohorts of TAM-treated mice underwent up to five cycles of superovulation and ovaries were examined at 1, 6, and 12 months post-TAM. Ovaries were sectioned in their entirety to identify endosalpingiosis. Immunohistochemical staining for PAX8, tubulin, OVGP1, and eYFP was employed to study endosalpingiosis lesions. Ovarian endosalpingiosis was identified in 14.2% of TAM-treated adult mice. The endosalpingiotic inclusion glands and cysts were lined by secretory and ciliated cells and expressed PAX8, tubulin, OVGP1, and eYFP. Neither age nor superovulation was associated with a significant increase in endosalpingiosis. Endosalpingiosis was also occasionally present in the ovaries of pre-pubertal mice. The findings imply that ovarian endosalpingiosis in the mouse does not likely arise as a consequence of detachment and implantation of tubal epithelium and other mechanisms may be relevant. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Michael S Sessine
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yali Zhai
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Courtney Tipton
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kevin McCool
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rork Kuick
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Eric R Fearon
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kathleen R Cho
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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154
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MicroRNA-654-5p suppresses ovarian cancer development impacting on MYC, WNT and AKT pathways. Oncogene 2019; 38:6035-6050. [PMID: 31278368 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0860-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy due to the silent nature on its early onset and the rapid acquisition of drug resistance. Histologically heterogeneous, it includes several subtypes with different mutational landscapes, hampering the development of effective targeted therapies. Non-coding RNAs are emerging as potential new therapeutic targets in cancer. To search for a microRNA signature related to ovarian carcinomas and study its potential as effective targeted therapy, we examined the expression of 768 miRNA in a large collection of tumor samples and found miR-654-5p to be infraexpressed in ovarian serous carcinomas, the most common and aggressive type. Restoration of miR-654-5p levels reduced tumor cell viability in vitro and in vivo and impaired sphere formation capacity and viability of ovarian cancer patient-derived ascitic cells ex vivo. CDCP1 and PLAGL2 oncogenes were found to be the most relevant direct miR-654-5p targets and both genes convey in a molecular signature associated with key cancer pathways relevant to ovarian tumorigenesis, such as MYC, WNT and AKT pathways. Together, we unveiled the tumor suppressor function of miR-654-5p, suggesting that its restoration or co-targeting of CDCP1 and PLAGL2 may be an effective therapeutic approach for ovarian cancer.
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155
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Ghani FI, Dendo K, Watanabe R, Yamada K, Yoshimatsu Y, Yugawa T, Nakahara T, Tanaka K, Yoshida H, Yoshida M, Ishikawa M, Goshima N, Kato T, Kiyono T. An Ex-Vivo Culture System of Ovarian Cancer Faithfully Recapitulating the Pathological Features of Primary Tumors. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070644. [PMID: 31248002 PMCID: PMC6678777 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The success rate of establishing human cancer cell lines is not satisfactory and the established cell lines often do not preserve the molecular and histological features of the original tissues. In this study, we developed a novel culture method which can support proliferation of almost all primary epithelial ovarian cancer cells, as well as primary normal human oviductal epithelial cells. Cancer cells from fresh or frozen specimens were enriched by the anti-EpCAM antibody-conjugated magnetic beads, plated on Matrigel-coated plate and cultivated under the optimized culture conditions. Seventeen newly established ovarian cancer cell lines, which included all four major histotypes of ovarian cancer, were confirmed to express histotype-specific markers in vitro. Some of the cell lines from all the four histotypes, except mucinous type, generated tumors in immune-deficient mice and the xenograft tumor tissues recapitulated the corresponding original tissues faithfully. Furthermore, with poorly tumorigenic cell lines including mucinous type, we developed a novel xenograft model which could reconstruct the original tissue architecture through forced expression of a set of oncogenes followed by its silencing. With combination of the novel culture method and cell-derived xenograft system, virtually every epithelial ovarian cancer can be reconstituted in mice in a timely fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Ishrat Ghani
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute; Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
- Department of Cell Culture Technology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Kasumi Dendo
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute; Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
- Department of Cell Culture Technology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Reiko Watanabe
- Department of Cell Culture Technology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Kenji Yamada
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute; Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Yuki Yoshimatsu
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute; Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Takashi Yugawa
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute; Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Tomomi Nakahara
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute; Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Katsuyuki Tanaka
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute; Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Pathology Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Yoshida
- Pathology Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Mitsuya Ishikawa
- Department of Gynecology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Naoki Goshima
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan.
| | - Tomoyasu Kato
- Department of Gynecology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Tohru Kiyono
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute; Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
- Department of Cell Culture Technology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
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156
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Integrative Network Analysis Reveals a MicroRNA-Based Signature for Prognosis Prediction of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1056431. [PMID: 31275959 PMCID: PMC6582839 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1056431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a heterogeneous disease, which has been recently classified into four molecular subtypes, of which the mesenchymal subtype exhibited the worst prognosis. We aimed to identify a microRNA- (miRNA-) based signature by incorporating the molecular modalities involved in the mesenchymal subtype for risk stratification, which would allow the identification of patients who might benefit from more rigorous treatments. Method We characterized the regulatory mechanisms underlying the mesenchymal subtype using network analyses integrating gene and miRNA expression profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort to identify a miRNA signature for prognosis prediction. Results We identified four miRNAs as the master regulators of the mesenchymal subtype and developed a risk score model. The 4-miRNA signature significantly predicted overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in discovery (p=0.004 and p=0.04) and two independent public datasets (GSE73582: OS, HR: 2.26 (1.26-4.05), p=0.005, PFS, HR: 2.03 (1.34-3.09), p<0.001; GSE25204: OS, HR: 3.07 (1.73-5.46), p<0.001, PFS, HR: 2.59 (1.72-3.88), p<0.001). Moreover, in multivariate analyses, the miRNA signature maintained as an independent prognostic predictor and achieved superior efficiency compared to the currently used clinical factors. Conclusions In conclusion, our network analysis identified a 4-miRNA signature which has prognostic value superior to currently reported clinical covariates. This signature warrants further testing and validation for use in clinical practice.
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157
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Moga MA, Bălan A, Dimienescu OG, Burtea V, Dragomir RM, Anastasiu CV. Circulating miRNAs as Biomarkers for Endometriosis and Endometriosis-Related Ovarian Cancer-An Overview. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8050735. [PMID: 31126056 PMCID: PMC6571871 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection and accurate diagnosis are pivotal in the management of endometriosis and endometriosis-related ovarian neoplasms (ERONs), yet there is no clear common ground regarding their pathogenesis. Endometriosis is a debilitating pathology that profoundly impairs the quality of life. Although the spontaneous resolution of endometriosis is possible, studies suggest that it can be a progressive condition, and ERONs can develop. The gold standard for diagnosis remains as the invasive method of laparoscopy followed by histological confirmation. In recent years, novel biomarkers have been discovered. MicroRNAs (miRNA) represent important epigenetic modulators of gene expression and are very attractive as biomarkers due to their lower complexity, tissue specificity, and stability in bodily fluids. Several studies have advanced the possibility of miRNAs becoming potential biomarkers in endometriosis and ERONs. Our aim is to bring these studies together in order to have a better understanding of whether, how, and when miRNAs might be used as biomarkers for these pathologies. METHODS We selected the reviewed papers from Google Academic, PubMed, and CrossRef. A total of eight studies met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS MiR-200 family, miR-143, 145, miR-20a, and miR199a were the most commonly dysregulated miRNAs in endometriosis, and miR-200 family was found to be dysregulated in both ERONs and endometriosis. CONCLUSIONS No single miRNA was considered as a sole biomarker for this pathology. However, since the prognostic value of biomarkers is generally enhanced if more are assessed at the same time, a panel of miRNAs could be a better indicator of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Alexandru Moga
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500019 Brasov, Romania.
| | - Andreea Bălan
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500019 Brasov, Romania.
| | - Oana Gabriela Dimienescu
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500019 Brasov, Romania.
| | - Victoria Burtea
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500019 Brasov, Romania.
| | - Roxana Maria Dragomir
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500019 Brasov, Romania.
| | - Costin Vlad Anastasiu
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500019 Brasov, Romania.
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158
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Shi K, Yin X, Cai MC, Yan Y, Jia C, Ma P, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Gu Z, Zhang M, Di W, Zhuang G. PAX8 regulon in human ovarian cancer links lineage dependency with epigenetic vulnerability to HDAC inhibitors. eLife 2019; 8:44306. [PMID: 31050342 PMCID: PMC6533083 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PAX8 is a prototype lineage-survival oncogene in epithelial ovarian cancer. However, neither its underlying pro-tumorigenic mechanisms nor potential therapeutic implications have been adequately elucidated. Here, we identified an ovarian lineage-specific PAX8 regulon using modified cancer outlier profile analysis, in which PAX8-FGF18 axis was responsible for promoting cell migration in an autocrine fashion. An image-based drug screen pinpointed that PAX8 expression was potently inhibited by small-molecules against histone deacetylases (HDACs). Mechanistically, HDAC blockade altered histone H3K27 acetylation occupancies and perturbed the super-enhancer topology associated with PAX8 gene locus, resulting in epigenetic downregulation of PAX8 transcripts and related targets. HDAC antagonists efficaciously suppressed ovarian tumor growth and spreading as single agents, and exerted synergistic effects in combination with standard chemotherapy. These findings provide mechanistic and therapeutic insights for PAX8-addicted ovarian cancer. More generally, our analytic and experimental approach represents an expandible paradigm for identifying and targeting lineage-survival oncogenes in diverse human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Chun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Yan
- GenenDesign Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenqiang Jia
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengfei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengzhe Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyu Gu
- GenenDesign Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Di
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanglei Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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159
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Ovarian cancer cell lines derived from non-serous carcinomas migrate and invade more aggressively than those derived from high-grade serous carcinomas. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5515. [PMID: 30940866 PMCID: PMC6445084 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41941-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The term ovarian cancer describes a heterogeneous group of tumours that grow in the ovary but are not necessarily of ovarian origin. Recent genomic analysis has shown that many of the most commonly used ovarian cancer cell lines have been mischaracterised, leading to erroneous conclusions and a gap in the translation of laboratory research into novel treatments for patients. Here, we use 10 epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines to investigate 2D migration, cell cycle parameters and 3D invasion behaviour into different substrates and find significant differences between the behaviours of cell lines from different origins. Cell lines derived from non-serous carcinomas migrated more quickly and were more likely to invade into Matrigel and collagen I substrates than cell lines derived from high-grade serous carcinomas. However not all cell lines derived from non-serous carcinomas exhibited similar invasive behaviour. These findings may reflect differences in the behaviour of the primary tumour types from which the cell lines were derived, given that high-grade serous carcinomas typically expand and spread over peritoneal surfaces. These results provide the basis of an in vitro model for identifying differences between ovarian cancer tumour types.
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160
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Raab M, Sanhaji M, Zhou S, Rödel F, El-Balat A, Becker S, Strebhardt K. Blocking Mitotic Exit of Ovarian Cancer Cells by Pharmaceutical Inhibition of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex Reduces Chromosomal Instability. Neoplasia 2019; 21:363-375. [PMID: 30851646 PMCID: PMC6407080 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Paclitaxel is a frontline drug for the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). However, following paclitaxel-platinum based chemotherapy, tumor recurrence occurs in most ovarian cancer patients. Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer and represents genetic variation fueling tumor adaptation to cytotoxic effects of anticancer drugs. In this study, our Kaplan-Meier analysis including 263 ovarian cancer patients (stages I/II) revealed that high Polo-like kinase (PLK) 1 expression correlates with bad prognosis. To evaluate the role of PLK1 as potential cancer target within a combinatorial trial, we induced strong mitotic arrest in ovarian cancer cell lines by synergistically co-targeting microtubules (paclitaxel) and PLK1 (BI6727) followed by pharmaceutical inhibition of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex (APC/C) using proTAME. In short- and long-term experiments, this triple treatment strongly activated apoptosis in cell lines and primary ovarian cells derived from cancer patients. Mechanistically, BI6727/paclitaxel/proTAME stabilize Cyclin B1 and trigger mitotic arrest, which initiates mitochondrial apoptosis by inactivation of antiapoptotic BCL-2 family proteins, followed by activation of caspase-dependent effector pathways. This triple treatment prevented endoreduplication and reduced CIN, two mechanisms that are associated with aggressive tumors and the acquisition of drug resistance. This "two-punch strategy" (strong mitotic arrest followed by blocking mitotic exit) has important implications for developing paclitaxel-based combinatorial treatments in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Raab
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main
| | - Mourad Sanhaji
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main
| | - Shengtao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Franz Rödel
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe University; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) / German Cancer Research Center, partner site, Frankfurt a. M
| | - Ahmed El-Balat
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main
| | - Sven Becker
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main
| | - Klaus Strebhardt
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) / German Cancer Research Center, partner site, Frankfurt a. M..
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161
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Sadłecki P, Grabiec M, Grzanka D, Jóźwicki J, Antosik P, Walentowicz-Sadłecka M. Expression of zinc finger transcription factors (ZNF143 and ZNF281) in serous borderline ovarian tumors and low-grade ovarian cancers. J Ovarian Res 2019; 12:23. [PMID: 30885238 PMCID: PMC6423742 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-019-0501-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-grade ovarian cancers represent up to 8% of all epithelial ovarian carcinomas (EOCs). Recent studies demonstrated that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is crucial for the progression of EOCs. EMT plays a key role in cancer invasion, metastasis formation and chemotherapy resistance. An array of novel EMT transcription factors from the zinc finger protein family have been described recently, among them zinc finger protein 143 (ZNF143) and zinc finger protein 281 (ZNF281). The study included tissue specimens from 42 patients. Based on histopathological examination of surgical specimens, eight lesions were classified as serous borderline ovarian tumors (sBOTs) and 34 as low-grade EOCs. The proportions of the ovarian tumors that tested positively for ZNF143 and ZNF281 were 90 and 57%, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found in the expressions of ZNF143 and ZNF281 transcription factors in SBOTs and low-grade EOCs. Considering the expression patterns for ZNF143 and ZNF281 identified in this study, both sBOTs and low-grade EOCs might undergo a dynamic epithelial-mesenchymal interconversion. The lack of statistically significant differences in the expressions of the zinc finger proteins in sBOTs and low-grade serous EOCs might constitute an evidence for common origin of these two tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Sadłecki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, ul. Ujejskiego 75, 85-168, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Marek Grabiec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, ul. Ujejskiego 75, 85-168, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jakub Jóźwicki
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Paulina Antosik
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Walentowicz-Sadłecka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, ul. Ujejskiego 75, 85-168, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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162
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High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer: Basic Sciences, Clinical and Therapeutic Standpoints. Int J Mol Sci 2019. [PMID: 30813239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040952] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Among a litany of malignancies affecting the female reproductive tract, that of the ovary is the most frequently fatal. Moreover, while the steady pace of scientific discovery has fuelled recent ameliorations in the outcomes of many other cancers, the rates of mortality for ovarian cancer have been stagnant since around 1980. Yet despite the grim outlook, progress is being made towards better understanding the fundamental biology of this disease and how its biology in turn influences clinical behaviour. It has long been evident that ovarian cancer is not a unitary disease but rather a multiplicity of distinct malignancies that share a common anatomical site upon presentation. Of these, the high-grade serous subtype predominates in the clinical setting and is responsible for a disproportionate share of the fatalities from all forms of ovarian cancer. This review aims to provide a detailed overview of the clinical-pathological features of ovarian cancer with a particular focus on the high-grade serous subtype. Along with a description of the relevant clinical aspects of this disease, including novel trends in treatment strategies, this text will inform the reader of recent updates to the scientific literature regarding the origin, aetiology and molecular-genetic basis of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC).
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163
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High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer: Basic Sciences, Clinical and Therapeutic Standpoints. Int J Mol Sci 2019. [PMID: 30813239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040952]+[] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Among a litany of malignancies affecting the female reproductive tract, that of the ovary is the most frequently fatal. Moreover, while the steady pace of scientific discovery has fuelled recent ameliorations in the outcomes of many other cancers, the rates of mortality for ovarian cancer have been stagnant since around 1980. Yet despite the grim outlook, progress is being made towards better understanding the fundamental biology of this disease and how its biology in turn influences clinical behaviour. It has long been evident that ovarian cancer is not a unitary disease but rather a multiplicity of distinct malignancies that share a common anatomical site upon presentation. Of these, the high-grade serous subtype predominates in the clinical setting and is responsible for a disproportionate share of the fatalities from all forms of ovarian cancer. This review aims to provide a detailed overview of the clinical-pathological features of ovarian cancer with a particular focus on the high-grade serous subtype. Along with a description of the relevant clinical aspects of this disease, including novel trends in treatment strategies, this text will inform the reader of recent updates to the scientific literature regarding the origin, aetiology and molecular-genetic basis of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC).
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164
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A Cell-Autonomous Oncosuppressive Role of Human RNASET2 Affecting ECM-Mediated Oncogenic Signaling. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020255. [PMID: 30813308 PMCID: PMC6406318 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RNASET2 is an extracellular ribonuclease endowed with a marked antitumorigenic role in several carcinomas, independent from its catalytic activity. Besides its antitumorigenic role by the recruitment to the tumor mass of immune cells from the monocyte/macrophage lineage, RNASET2 is induced by cellular stress and involved in actin cytoskeleton remodeling affecting cell interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of RNASET2 expression modulation on cell phenotype and behavior in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cellular models. In silico analysis on two publicly available datasets of gene expression from EOC patients (n = 392) indicated that increased RNASET2 transcript levels are associated with longer overall survival. In EOC biopsies (n = 101), analyzed by immunohistochemistry, RNASET2 was found heterogeneously expressed among tumors with different clinical⁻pathological characteristics and, in some cases, its expression localized to tumor-associated ECM. By characterizing in vitro two models of EOC cells in which RNASET2 was silenced or overexpressed, we report that RNASET2 expression negatively affects growth capability by conferring a peculiar cell phenotype upon the interaction of EOC cells with the ECM, resulting in decreased src activation. Altogether, these data suggest that drugs targeting activated src might represent a therapeutic approach for RNASET2-expressing EOCs.
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165
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High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer: Basic Sciences, Clinical and Therapeutic Standpoints. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040952. [PMID: 30813239 PMCID: PMC6412907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Among a litany of malignancies affecting the female reproductive tract, that of the ovary is the most frequently fatal. Moreover, while the steady pace of scientific discovery has fuelled recent ameliorations in the outcomes of many other cancers, the rates of mortality for ovarian cancer have been stagnant since around 1980. Yet despite the grim outlook, progress is being made towards better understanding the fundamental biology of this disease and how its biology in turn influences clinical behaviour. It has long been evident that ovarian cancer is not a unitary disease but rather a multiplicity of distinct malignancies that share a common anatomical site upon presentation. Of these, the high-grade serous subtype predominates in the clinical setting and is responsible for a disproportionate share of the fatalities from all forms of ovarian cancer. This review aims to provide a detailed overview of the clinical-pathological features of ovarian cancer with a particular focus on the high-grade serous subtype. Along with a description of the relevant clinical aspects of this disease, including novel trends in treatment strategies, this text will inform the reader of recent updates to the scientific literature regarding the origin, aetiology and molecular-genetic basis of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC).
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166
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Lymphatic Invasion in the Fallopian Tube is a Late Event in the Progression of Pelvic Serous Carcinoma and Correlates With Distant Metastasis. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2019; 39:178-183. [PMID: 30702463 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The majority of extrauterine high-grade serous carcinomas are believed to arise in the fallopian tube as serous tubal intraepithelial carcinomas. The primary mode of metastasis is intraperitoneal, and patients usually present with peritoneal carcinomatosis. Although the tubes have a rich lymphatic network, tubal lymphatic invasion is observed in only a minority of cases. Fallopian tube sections from 222 patients with advanced stage high-grade extrauterine serous carcinoma were reviewed and lymphatic invasion within the lamina propria and myosalpinx were assessed. Seventeen patients were FIGO stage II, 162 stage III, and 43 stage IV. Tubal lymphatic invasion was identified in 44 cases (19.7%). Among the cases with lymphatic invasion, nonfimbrial lamina propria, fimbrial lamina propria, and myosalpingeal lymphatic invasion were present in 23 (52%), 21 (48%), and 21 (48%), respectively. Among cases with lymphatic invasion, 16 (36%) were FIGO stage IV, while among cases without lymphatic invasion, 27 (15%) were stage IV (P=0.0014, χ). In summary, in women with advanced stage high-grade extrauterine serous carcinoma, lymphatic invasion in the fallopian tube is uncommon, and is more than twice as likely to be associated with distant metastases as compared with those without tubal lymphatic invasion.
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167
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Furusawa A, Miyamoto M, Takano M, Tsuda H, Song YS, Aoki D, Miyasaka N, Inazawa J, Inoue J. Ovarian cancer therapeutic potential of glutamine depletion based on GS expression. Carcinogenesis 2019; 39:758-766. [PMID: 29617730 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acids (AAs) are biologically important nutrient compounds necessary for the survival of any cell. Of the 20 AAs, cancer cells depend on the uptake of several extracellular AAs for survival. However, which extracellular AA is indispensable for the survival of cancer cells and the molecular mechanism involved have not been fully defined. In this study, we found that the reduction of cell survival caused by glutamine (Gln) depletion is inversely correlated with the expression level of glutamine synthetase (GS) in ovarian cancer (OVC) cells. GS expression was downregulated in 45 of 316 OVC cases (14.2%). The depletion of extracellular Gln by treatment with l-asparaginase, in addition to inhibiting Gln uptake via the knockdown of a Gln transporter, led to the inhibition of cell growth in OVC cells with low expression of GS (GSlow-OVC cells). Furthermore, the re-expression of GS in GSlow-OVC cells induced the inhibition of tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Thus, these findings provide novel insight into the development of an OVC therapy based on the requirement of Gln.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Furusawa
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Morikazu Miyamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa city, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masashi Takano
- Department of Clinical Oncology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa city, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tsuda
- Department of Basic Pathology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa city, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yong Sang Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Daisuke Aoki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Miyasaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Johji Inazawa
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Bioresource Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Inoue
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Bioresource Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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168
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Zhao L, Wang W, Xu L, Yi T, Zhao X, Wei Y, Vermeulen L, Goel A, Zhou S, Wang X. Integrative network biology analysis identifies miR-508-3p as the determinant for the mesenchymal identity and a strong prognostic biomarker of ovarian cancer. Oncogene 2018; 38:2305-2319. [PMID: 30478449 PMCID: PMC6755993 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0577-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a heterogeneous malignancy that poses tremendous clinical challenge. Based on unsupervised classification of whole-genome gene expression profiles, four molecular subtypes of ovarian cancer were recently identified. However, single-driver molecular events specific to these subtypes have not been clearly elucidated. We aim to characterize the regulatory mechanisms underlying the poor prognosis mesenchymal subtype of ovarian cancer using a systems biology approach, involving a variety of molecular modalities including gene and microRNA expression profiles. miR-508-3p emerged as the most powerful determinant that regulates a cascade of dysregulated genes in the mesenchymal subtype, including core genes involved in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) program. Moreover, miR-508-3p down-regulation, due to promoter hypermethylation, was directly correlated with metastatic behaviors in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our multidimensional network analysis identified miR-508-3p as a master regulator that defines the mesenchymal subtype and provides a novel prognostic biomarker to improve management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Lian Xu
- Department of Pathology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Louis Vermeulen
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research and Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shengtao Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong. .,Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
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169
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Barbolina MV. Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Organ-Specific Metastases in Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10110444. [PMID: 30445726 PMCID: PMC6266311 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10110444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian carcinoma is the most predominant type of ovarian carcinoma, the deadliest gynecologic malignancy. It is typically diagnosed late when the cancer has already metastasized. Transcoelomic metastasis is the most predominant mechanism of dissemination from epithelial ovarian carcinoma, although both hematogenously and lymphogenously spread metastases also occur. In this review, we describe molecular mechanisms known to regulate organ-specific metastasis from epithelial ovarian carcinoma. We begin by discussing the sites colonized by metastatic ovarian carcinoma and rank them in the order of prevalence. Next, we review the mechanisms regulating the transcoelomic metastasis. Within this chapter, we specifically focus on the mechanisms that were demonstrated to regulate peritoneal adhesion—one of the first steps in the transcoelomic metastatic cascade. Furthermore, we describe mechanisms of the transcoelomic metastasis known to regulate colonization of specific sites within the peritoneal cavity, including the omentum. Mechanisms underlying hematogenous and lymphogenous metastatic spread are less comprehensively studied in ovarian cancer, and we summarize mechanisms that were identified to date. Lastly, we discuss the outcomes of the clinical trials that attempted to target some of the mechanisms described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Barbolina
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
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170
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Kim J, Park EY, Kim O, Schilder JM, Coffey DM, Cho CH, Bast RC. Cell Origins of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10110433. [PMID: 30424539 PMCID: PMC6267333 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10110433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer, also known as high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), is the most common and deadliest type of ovarian cancer. HGSC appears to arise from the ovary, fallopian tube, or peritoneum. As most HGSC cases present with widespread peritoneal metastases, it is often not clear where HGSC truly originates. Traditionally, the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) was long believed to be the origin of HGSC. Since the late 1990s, the fallopian tube epithelium has emerged as a potential primary origin of HGSC. Particularly, serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC), a noninvasive tumor lesion formed preferentially in the distal fallopian tube epithelium, was proposed as a precursor for HGSC. It was hypothesized that STIC lesions would progress, over time, to malignant and metastatic HGSC, arising from the fallopian tube or after implanting on the ovary or peritoneum. Many clinical studies and several mouse models support the fallopian tube STIC origin of HGSC. Current evidence indicates that STIC may serve as a precursor for HGSC in high-risk women carrying germline BRCA1 or 2 mutations. Yet not all STIC lesions appear to progress to clinical HGSCs, nor would all HGSCs arise from STIC lesions, even in high-risk women. Moreover, the clinical importance of STIC remains less clear in women in the general population, in which 85–90% of all HGSCs arise. Recently, increasing attention has been brought to the possibility that many potential precursor or premalignant lesions, though composed of microscopically—and genetically—cancerous cells, do not advance to malignant tumors or lethal malignancies. Hence, rigorous causal evidence would be crucial to establish that STIC is a bona fide premalignant lesion for metastatic HGSC. While not all STICs may transform into malignant tumors, these lesions are clearly associated with increased risk for HGSC. Identification of the molecular characteristics of STICs that predict their malignant potential and clinical behavior would bolster the clinical importance of STIC. Also, as STIC lesions alone cannot account for all HGSCs, other potential cellular origins of HGSC need to be investigated. The fallopian tube stroma in mice, for instance, has been shown to be capable of giving rise to metastatic HGSC, which faithfully recapitulates the clinical behavior and molecular aspect of human HGSC. Elucidating the precise cell(s) of origin of HGSC will be critical for improving the early detection and prevention of ovarian cancer, ultimately reducing ovarian cancer mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Indiana University Melvin & Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Eun Young Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Olga Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Jeanne M Schilder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Indiana University Melvin & Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Donna M Coffey
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist and Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Chi-Heum Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 41931, Korea.
| | - Robert C Bast
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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171
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Hadi LM, Yaghini E, Stamati K, Loizidou M, MacRobert AJ. Therapeutic enhancement of a cytotoxic agent using photochemical internalisation in 3D compressed collagen constructs of ovarian cancer. Acta Biomater 2018; 81:80-92. [PMID: 30267880 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical internalisation (PCI) is a method for enhancing delivery of drugs to their intracellular target sites of action. In this study we investigated the efficacy of PCI using a porphyrin photosensitiser and a cytotoxic agent on spheroid and non-spheroid compressed collagen 3D constructs of ovarian cancer versus conventional 2D culture. The therapeutic responses of two human carcinoma cell lines (SKOV3 and HEY) were compared using a range of assays including optical imaging. The treatment was shown to be effective in non-spheroid constructs of both cell lines causing a significant and synergistic reduction in cell viability measured at 48 or 96 h post-illumination. In the larger spheroid constructs, PCI was still effective but required higher saporin and photosensitiser doses. Moreover, in contrast to the 2D and non-spheroid experiments, where comparable efficacy was found for the two cell lines, HEY spheroid constructs were found to be more susceptible to PCI and a lower dose of saporin could be used. PCI treatment was observed to induce death principally by apoptosis in the 3D constructs compared to the mostly necrotic cell death caused by PDT. At low oxygen levels (1%) both PDT and PCI were significantly less effective in the constructs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Assessment of new drugs or delivery systems for cancer therapy prior to conducting in vivo studies often relies on the use of conventional 2D cell culture, however 3D cancer constructs can provide more physiologically relevant information owing to their 3D architecture and the presence of an extracellular matrix. This study investigates the efficacy of Photochemical Internalisation mediated drug delivery in 3D constructs. In 3D cultures, both oxygen and drug delivery to the cells are limited by diffusion through the extracellular matrix unlike 2D models, and in our model we have used compressed collagen constructs where the density of collagen mimics physiological values. These 3D constructs are therefore well suited to studying drug delivery using PCI. Our study highlights the potential of these constructs for identifying differences in therapeutic response to PCI of two ovarian carcinoma lines.
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172
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Xie Y, Zhou F, Zhao X. TNFAIP8 promotes cell growth by regulating the Hippo pathway in epithelial ovarian cancer. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:4975-4982. [PMID: 30546405 PMCID: PMC6256973 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8) is an independent prognostic factor for cancer-specific and disease-free survival in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). However, the exact mechanism of the biological role of TNFAIP8 in EOC remains unclear. In the present study, a siRNA specifically targeting TNFAIP8 was prepared to knock down TNFAIP8 in EOC cells. Cell growth, colony formation, apoptosis, and cell cycle distribution in TNFAIP8-deficient EOC cells were determined. In addition, the underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated by western blot analysis and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays. It was demonstrated that the knockdown of TNFAIP8 inhibited EOC cell growth and colony formation, along with increased levels of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The results of the western blot analysis suggested that TNFAIP8 inhibited the expression of phosphorylated yes-associated protein 1 (YAP) while promoting total and nuclear YAP expression, followed by the regulation of apoptosis and cell cycle checkpoint protein expression in EOC. Overexpression of YAP in EOC cells efficiently attenuated cell growth inhibition in TNFAIP8-deficient EOC cells. In addition, knockdown of TNFAIP8 significantly impaired EOC tumor growth in vivo. Collectively, the data from the present study suggested that TNFAIP8 is an oncogene and a novel therapeutic target for EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xie
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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173
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Zhang C, Wang X, Anaya Y, Parodi L, Cheng L, Anderson ML, Hawkins SM. Distinct molecular pathways in ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma with concurrent endometriosis. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:2505-2515. [PMID: 30152524 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Women with endometriosis, a benign growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity, are at increased risk of specific histotypes of epithelial ovarian cancer, such as ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma (OEA). Women with OEA who have endometriosis at time of surgical staging demonstrate improved clinical prognosis compared to women with OEA without evidence of endometriosis. However, the molecular contributions of the endometriotic tumor microenvironment to these ovarian cancers remain poorly understood. As a starting point, we used a platform for genome-wide transcriptomic profiling to compare specimens of OEA from women with and without concurrent endometriosis and benign reproductive tract tissues, including proliferative endometrium and typical and atypical endometrioma samples (n = 20). Principle component analysis revealed distinct clustering between benign and malignant samples as well as malignant samples with and without concurrent endometriosis. Examination of gene signatures revealed that OEA with concurrent endometriosis contained a unique molecular signature compared to OEA without concurrent endometriosis, distinguished by 682 unique genes differentially expressed (fold change < or >1.5, p < 0.01). Bioinformatic analysis of these differentially expressed gene products using ingenuity pathway analysis revealed activation of NFkB signaling, an inflammatory signaling pathway constitutively active in endometriosis. DAVID functional annotation clustering further revealed enrichment in RAS signaling as both cytoskeleton organization and GTPase regulator activity relied heavily on RAS protein signal transduction. Gene set enrichment analysis highlighted immune and inflammatory nodes involved in OEA with concurrent endometriosis. These observations provide novel resources for understanding molecular subtleties potentially involved in OEA within the context of the endometriotic tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Xiyin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Yanett Anaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Luca Parodi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istituto Clinico Sant' Anna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Lijun Cheng
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Matthew L Anderson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Shannon M Hawkins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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174
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Xie Y, Park ES, Xiang D, Li Z. Long-term organoid culture reveals enrichment of organoid-forming epithelial cells in the fimbrial portion of mouse fallopian tube. Stem Cell Res 2018; 32:51-60. [PMID: 30176443 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A recent paradigm shift in ovarian cancer research is the finding that many ovarian cancers may originate from fallopian tube epithelial (FTE) cells. As tissue stem and progenitor cells often serve as cells of origin of cancer, a better understanding of FTE stem/progenitor cells and how they become transformed is essential for early detection and prevention of ovarian cancer. To facilitate study of FTE stem/progenitor cells in model systems, we established an organoid culture system for mouse FTE cells. We find that EPCAM+ mouse FTE cells can be stably cultured long-term under a minimal condition of activated EGF signaling and suppressed TGFbeta signaling. We show that both Notch and Wnt signaling are required for growth of FTE cells in organoids, and further activation of Wnt signaling supports their maturation toward the ciliated cell lineage. Lastly, by analyzing the frequency of organoid-forming cells in different portions of the fallopian tube (FT), we find that the distal portion of the FT, which includes the fimbria, is enriched with organoid-forming FTE stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xie
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Life Sciences Institute of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China.; Key Laboratory of High-Incident-Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China
| | - Eun-Sil Park
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Dongxi Xiang
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Zhe Li
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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175
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Gasparri ML, Besharat ZM, Farooqi AA, Khalid S, Taghavi K, Besharat RA, Sabato C, Papadia A, Panici PB, Mueller MD, Ferretti E. MiRNAs and their interplay with PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in ovarian cancer cells: a potential role in platinum resistance. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:2313-2318. [PMID: 30109500 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2737-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a leading cause of death among gynecologic malignancies. This disappointing prognosis is closely related to intrinsic or acquired resistance to conventional platinum-based chemotherapy, which can affect a third of patients. As such, investigating relevant molecular targets is crucial in the fight against this disease. So far, many mutations involved in ovarian cancer pathogenesis have been identified. Among them, a few pathways were implicated. One such pathway is the P13K/AKT/mTOR with abnormalities found in many cases. This pathway is considered to have an instrumental role in proliferation, migration, invasion and, more recently, in chemotherapy resistance. Many miRNAs have been found to influence P13K/AKT/mTOR pathway with different potential role in tumor genesis and ovarian cancer behaviour. In particular, their biological function was recently investigated as regards chemoresistance, therefore, leading to the identification of potential specific indirect biomarker of platinum sensitivity in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Gasparri
- Department of Gynecology Obstetrics and Urology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. .,Surgical and Medical Department of Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | - Sumbul Khalid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Katayoun Taghavi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Raad Aris Besharat
- Department of Gynecology Obstetrics and Urology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Sabato
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Center for Life NanoScience@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Papadia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Michael David Mueller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elisabetta Ferretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
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176
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Perimenopausal management of ovarian endometriosis and associated cancer risk: When is medical or surgical treatment indicated? Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2018; 51:151-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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177
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Niskakoski A, Pasanen A, Lassus H, Renkonen-Sinisalo L, Kaur S, Mecklin JP, Bützow R, Peltomäki P. Molecular changes preceding endometrial and ovarian cancer: a study of consecutive endometrial specimens from Lynch syndrome surveillance. Mod Pathol 2018; 31:1291-1301. [PMID: 29588532 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-018-0044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Molecular alterations preceding endometrial and ovarian cancer and the sequence of events are unknown. Consecutive specimens from lifelong surveillance for Lynch syndrome provides a natural setting to address such questions. To molecularly define the multistep gynecological tumorigenesis, DNA mismatch repair gene mutation carriers with endometrial or ovarian carcinoma or endometrial hyperplasia were identified from a nation-wide registry and endometrial biopsy specimens taken from these individuals during 20 years of screening were collected. A total of 213 endometrial and ovarian specimens from Lynch syndrome individuals and 197 histology-matched (non-serous) samples from sporadic cases were available for this investigation. The specimens were profiled for markers linked to endometrial and ovarian tumorigenesis, including ARID1A protein expression, mismatch repair status, and tumor suppressor gene promoter methylation. In Lynch syndrome-associated endometrial and ovarian carcinomas, ARID1A protein was lost in 61-100% and mismatch repair was deficient in 97-100%, compared to 0-17% and 14-44% in sporadic cases (P = 0.000). ARID1A loss appeared in complex hyperplasia and deficient mismatch repair and tumor suppressor gene promoter methylation in histologically normal endometrium. Despite quantitative differences between Lynch syndrome and sporadic cases, ARID1A expression, mismatch repair, and tumor suppressor gene promoter methylation divided endometrial samples from both patient groups into three categories of increasing abnormality, comprising normal endometrium and simple hyperplasia (I), complex hyperplasia with or without atypia (II), and endometrial cancer (III). Complex hyperplasias without vs. with atypia were molecularly indistinguishable. In conclusion, surveillance specimens from Lynch syndrome identify mismatch repair deficiency, tumor suppressor gene promoter methylation, and ARID1A loss as early changes in tumor development. Our findings are clinically relevant for the classification of endometrial hyperplasias and have potential implications in cancer prevention in Lynch syndrome and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Niskakoski
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Annukka Pasanen
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heini Lassus
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Sippy Kaur
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka-Pekka Mecklin
- Department of Surgery and Education & Science, Central Finland Health Care District, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Jyväskylä University, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ralf Bützow
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Peltomäki
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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178
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Abstract
Endometriosis-associated cancers include clear cell and endometrioid ovarian carcinoma. A history of endometriosis has long been considered to be a risk factor for later development of these malignancies; however, recent molecular genetic evidence has provided unequivocal evidence that these lesions are in fact the precursors for endometriosis-associated cancers. Herein, we will explore the relationship between endometriosis and ovarian carcinomas, similarities between the premalignant lesions and their cancerous counterparts, and the potential role of mutations and the ovarian microenvironment that may contribute to malignant transformation.
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179
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Preclinical Models of Ovarian Cancer: Pathogenesis, Problems, and Implications for Prevention. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2018; 60:789-800. [PMID: 28719396 DOI: 10.1097/grf.0000000000000312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical models are relatively underutilized and underfunded resources for modeling the pathogenesis and prevention of ovarian cancers. Several reviews have detailed the numerous published models of ovarian cancer. In this review, we will provide an overview of experimental model systems, their strengths and limitations, and use selected models to illustrate how they can be used to address specific issues about ovarian cancer pathogenesis. We will then highlight some of the preclinical prevention studies performed to date and discuss experiments needed to address important unanswered questions about ovarian cancer prevention strategies.
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180
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Muinao T, Pal M, Deka Boruah HP. Origins based clinical and molecular complexities of epithelial ovarian cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:1326-1345. [PMID: 29890249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal of all common gynaecological malignancies in women worldwide. Ovarian cancer comprises of >15 distinct tumor types and subtypes characterized by histopathological features, environmental and genetic risk factors, precursor lesions and molecular events during oncogenesis. Recent studies on gene signature profiling of different subtypes of ovarian cancer have revealed significant genetic heterogeneity between and within each ovarian cancer histological subtype. Thus, an immense interest have shown towards a more personalized medicine for understanding the clinical and molecular complexities of four major types of epithelial ovarian cancer (serous, endometrioid, clear cell, and mucinous). As such, further in depth studies are needed for identification of molecular signalling network complexities associated with effective prognostication and targeted therapies to prevent or treat metastasis. Therefore, understanding the metastatic potential of primary ovarian cancer and therapeutic interventions against lethal ovarian cancer for the development of personalized therapies is very much indispensable. Consequently, in this review we have updated the key dysregulated genes of four major subtypes of epithelial carcinomas. We have also highlighted the recent advances and current challenges in unravelling the complexities of the origin of tumor as well as genetic heterogeneity of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thingreila Muinao
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Jorhat Campus, Assam 785006, India
| | - Mintu Pal
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Jorhat Campus, Assam 785006, India.
| | - Hari Prasanna Deka Boruah
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Jorhat Campus, Assam 785006, India
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181
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Ricci F, Affatato R, Carrassa L, Damia G. Recent Insights into Mucinous Ovarian Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061569. [PMID: 29795040 PMCID: PMC6032258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian mucinous tumors represent a group of rare neoplasms with a still undefined cell of origin but with an apparent progression from benign to borderline to carcinoma. Even though these tumors are different from the other histological subtypes of epithelial ovarian neoplasms, they are still treated with a similar chemotherapeutic approach. Here, we review its pathogenesis, molecular alterations, (differential) diagnosis, clinical presentation and current treatment, and how recent molecular and biological information on this tumor might lead to better and more specific clinical management of patients with mucinous ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ricci
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy.
| | - Roberta Affatato
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy.
| | - Laura Carrassa
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Damia
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy.
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182
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Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) as a rich source of bioactive components to combat cancer naturally: Are we on the right track to fully unlock its potential as inhibitor of deregulated signaling pathways. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 119:98-105. [PMID: 29753870 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Research over decades has progressively explored pharmacological actions of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia). Biologically and pharmacologically active molecules isolated from M. charantia have shown significant anti-cancer activity in cancer cell lines and xenografted mice. In this review spotlight was set on the bioactive compounds isolated from M. charantia that effectively inhibited cancer development and progression via regulation of protein network in cancer cells. We summarize most recent high-quality research work in cancer cell lines and xenografted mice related to tumor suppressive role-play of M. charantia and its bioactive compounds. Although M. charantia mediated health promoting, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory effects have been extensively investigated, there is insufficient information related to regulation of signaling networks by bioactive molecules obtained from M. charantia in different cancers. M. charantia has been shown to modulate AKT/mTOR/p70S6K signaling, p38MAPK-MAPKAPK-2/HSP-27 pathway, cell cycle regulatory proteins and apoptosis-associated proteins in different cancers. However, still there are visible knowledge gaps related to the drug targets in different cancers because we have not yet developed comprehensive understanding of the M. charantia mediated regulation of signal transduction pathways. To explore these questions, experimental platforms are needed that can prove to be helpful in getting a step closer to personalized medicine.
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183
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Wang L, Xu T, Cui M. Are ovarian cancer stem cells the target for innovative immunotherapy? Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:2615-2626. [PMID: 29780254 PMCID: PMC5951213 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s155458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a subpopulation of cancer cells with the ability of self-renewal and differentiation, are believed to be responsible for tumor generation, progression, metastasis, and relapse. Ovarian cancer, the most malignant gynecological cancer, has consistent pathology behavior with CSC model, which suggests that therapies based on ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs) can gain a more successful prognosis. Much evidence has proved that epigenetic mechanism played an important role in tumor formation and sustainment. Since CSCs are generally resistant to conventional therapies (chemotherapy and radiotherapy), immunotherapy is a more effective method that has been implemented in the clinic. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell, an adoptive cellular immunotherapy, which results in apparent elimination of tumor in both hematologic and solid cancers, could be used for ovarian cancer. This review covers the basic conception of CSCs and OCSCs, the implication of epigenetic mechanism underlying cancer evolution considering CSC model, the immunotherapies reported for ovarian cancer targeting OCSCs currently, and the relationship between immune system and hierarchy cancer organized by CSCs. Particularly, the promising prospects and potential pitfalls of targeting OCSC surface markers to design CAR-T cellular immunotherapy are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianmin Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Manhua Cui
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
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184
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Oseledchyk A, Leitao MM, Konner J, O'Cearbhaill RE, Zamarin D, Sonoda Y, Gardner GJ, Long Roche K, Aghajanian CA, Grisham RN, Brown CL, Snyder A, Chi DS, Soslow RA, Abu-Rustum NR, Zivanovic O. Adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage I endometrioid or clear cell ovarian cancer in the platinum era: a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Cohort Study, 2000-2013. Ann Oncol 2018; 28:2985-2993. [PMID: 28950307 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We sought to evaluate the impact of adjuvant chemotherapy on overall survival (OS) in patients with stage I endometrioid epithelial ovarian cancer (EEOC) or ovarian clear cell cancer (OCCC) using a national database. Patients and methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was used to identify patients diagnosed with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage I EEOC or OCCC from 2000 to 2013. We sought to identify predictors of chemotherapy use and to assess the impact of chemotherapy on OS in these patients. OS was compared using the log-rank test and the Cox proportional hazards model. Results In all, 3552 patients with FIGO stage I EEOC and 1995 patients with stage I OCCC were identified. Of the 1600 patients (45%) with EEOC who underwent adjuvant chemotherapy, the 5-year OS rate was 90%, compared with 89% for those who did not undergo adjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.807). Of the 1374 (69%) patients with OCCC who underwent adjuvant chemotherapy, the 5-year OS rate was 85%, compared with 83% (P = 0.439) for those who did not undergo adjuvant chemotherapy. Chemotherapy use was associated with younger age, higher substage, and more recent year of diagnosis for both the EEOC and OCCC groups. Only in the subgroup of patients with FIGO substage IC, grade 3 EEOC (n = 282) was chemotherapy associated with an improved 5-year OS-81% compared with 62% (P = 0.003) in untreated patients (HR: 0.583; 95% CI: 0.359-0.949; P = 0.030). In patients with OCCC, there was no significant effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on OS in any substage. Conclusions Adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with improved OS only in patients with substage IC, grade 3 EEOC. In stage I OCCC, adjuvant chemotherapy was not associated with improved OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Oseledchyk
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - M M Leitao
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York.,Department of OB/GYN, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York
| | - J Konner
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York
| | - R E O'Cearbhaill
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York
| | - D Zamarin
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York
| | - Y Sonoda
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York.,Department of OB/GYN, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York
| | - G J Gardner
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York.,Department of OB/GYN, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York
| | - K Long Roche
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York.,Department of OB/GYN, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York
| | - C A Aghajanian
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York
| | - R N Grisham
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York
| | - C L Brown
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York.,Department of OB/GYN, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York
| | - A Snyder
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York
| | - D S Chi
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York.,Department of OB/GYN, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York
| | - R A Soslow
- Gynecologic Pathology, Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - N R Abu-Rustum
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York.,Department of OB/GYN, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York
| | - O Zivanovic
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York.,Department of OB/GYN, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York
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185
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Niskakoski A, Pasanen A, Porkka N, Eldfors S, Lassus H, Renkonen-Sinisalo L, Kaur S, Mecklin JP, Bützow R, Peltomäki P. Converging endometrial and ovarian tumorigenesis in Lynch syndrome: Shared origin of synchronous carcinomas. Gynecol Oncol 2018; 150:92-98. [PMID: 29716739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.04.566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The diagnosis of carcinoma in both the uterus and the ovary simultaneously is not uncommon and raises the question of synchronous primaries vs. metastatic disease. Targeted sequencing of sporadic synchronous endometrial and ovarian carcinomas has shown that such tumors are clonally related and thus represent metastatic disease from one site to the other. Our purpose was to investigate whether or not the same applies to Lynch syndrome (LS), in which synchronous cancers of the gynecological tract are twice as frequent as in sporadic cases, reflecting inherited defects in DNA mismatch repair (MMR). METHODS MMR gene mutation carriers with endometrial or ovarian carcinoma or endometrial hyperplasia were identified from a nationwide registry. Endometrial (n = 35) and ovarian carcinomas (n = 23), including 13 synchronous carcinoma pairs, were collected as well as endometrial hyperplasias (n = 56) and normal endometria (n = 99) from a surveillance program over two decades. All samples were studied for MMR status, ARID1A and L1CAM protein expression and tumor suppressor gene promoter methylation, and synchronous carcinomas additionally for somatic mutation profiles of 578 cancer-relevant genes. RESULTS Synchronous carcinomas were molecularly concordant in all cases. Prior or concurrent complex (but not simple) endometrial hyperplasias showed a high degree of concordance with endometrial or ovarian carcinoma as the endpoint lesion. CONCLUSIONS Our investigation suggests shared origins for synchronous endometrial and ovarian carcinomas in LS, in analogy to sporadic cases. The similar degrees of concordance between complex hyperplasias and endometrial vs. ovarian carcinoma highlight converging pathways for endometrial and ovarian tumorigenesis overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Niskakoski
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Annukka Pasanen
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Noora Porkka
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Samuli Eldfors
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heini Lassus
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | | | - Sippy Kaur
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Jukka-Pekka Mecklin
- Department of Surgery and Education & Science, Central Finland Health Care District, Finland; Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Jyväskylä University, Finland
| | - Ralf Bützow
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Päivi Peltomäki
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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186
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Ghoneum A, Afify H, Salih Z, Kelly M, Said N. Role of tumor microenvironment in ovarian cancer pathobiology. Oncotarget 2018; 9:22832-22849. [PMID: 29854318 PMCID: PMC5978268 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cancer affecting the female population and at present, stands as the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. Poor prognosis and low five-year survival rate are attributed to nonspecific symptoms and below par diagnostic criteria at early phases along with a lack of effective treatment at advanced stages. It is thus of utmost importance to understand ovarian carcinoma through several lenses including its molecular pathogenesis, epidemiology, histological subtypes, hereditary factors, diagnostic approaches and methods of treatment. Above all, it is crucial to dissect the role that the unique peritoneal tumor microenvironment plays in ovarian cancer progression and metastasis. This review seeks to highlight several important aspects of ovarian cancer pathobiology as a means to provide the necessary background to approach ovarian malignancies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Ghoneum
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Hesham Afify
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Ziyan Salih
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Michael Kelly
- Department of Cancer Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Neveen Said
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Department of Cancer Urology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
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187
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Tang M, Liu B, Bu X, Zhao P. Cross-talk between ovarian cancer cells and macrophages through periostin promotes macrophage recruitment. Cancer Sci 2018. [PMID: 29527764 PMCID: PMC5980394 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) contribute to tumor progression, but it is not clear how they are recruited to tumor sites. Here we showed that periostin (POSTN) was present at high levels in ovarian cancer ascetic fluids and was correlated with CD163+TAMs. The high POSTN level and macrophage infiltration were inversely associated with relapse‐free survival for ovarian cancer patients. In vitro studies showed that coculture with macrophages significantly increased POSTN production in ovarian cancer cells. Further investigation found that POSTN production in ovarian cancer cells was promoted by transforming growth factor‐β generated by macrophages. Moreover, siRNA of POSTN and POSTN neutralizing antibody treatment showed that ovarian cancer cell‐derived POSTN promoted the recruitment of macrophages and modulated their cytokine secretion profile. Collectively, these data indicated that POSTN was an important factor for macrophage recruitment in the tumor microenvironment and is involved in the interactions between macrophages and ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bingji Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaocui Bu
- The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Biotherapy Center, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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188
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Kar SP, Berchuck A, Gayther SA, Goode EL, Moysich KB, Pearce CL, Ramus SJ, Schildkraut JM, Sellers TA, Pharoah PDP. Common Genetic Variation and Susceptibility to Ovarian Cancer: Current Insights and Future Directions. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 27:395-404. [PMID: 28615364 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we summarize current progress in the genetic epidemiology of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), focusing exclusively on elucidating the role of common germline genetic variation in conferring susceptibility to EOC. We provide an overview of the more than 30 EOC risk loci identified to date by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and describe the contribution of large-scale, cross-cancer type, custom genotyping projects, such as the OncoArray and the Collaborative Oncological Gene-Environment Study, to locus discovery and replication. We discuss the histotype-specific nature of these EOC risk loci, pleiotropy, or overlapping genetic effects between EOC and other hormone-related cancer types, and the application of findings to polygenic risk prediction for EOC. The second part of the article offers a concise review of primarily laboratory-based studies that have led to the identification of several putative EOC susceptibility genes using common variants at the known EOC risk loci as starting points. More global biological insights emerging from network- and pathway-based analyses of GWAS for EOC susceptibility are also highlighted. Finally, we delve into potential future directions, including the need to identify EOC risk loci in non-European populations and the next generation of GWAS functional studies that are likely to involve genome editing to establish the cell type-specific carcinogenic effects of EOC risk variants Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(4); 395-404. ©2018 AACRSee all articles in this CEBP Focus section, "Genome-Wide Association Studies in Cancer."
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha P Kar
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Andrew Berchuck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Simon A Gayther
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kirsten B Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Celeste Leigh Pearce
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Susan J Ramus
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joellen M Schildkraut
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Virginia
| | - Thomas A Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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189
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Zhang J, Li X, Liu X, Tian F, Zeng W, Xi X, Lin Y. EIF5A1 promotes epithelial ovarian cancer proliferation and progression. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 100:168-175. [PMID: 29428664 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the most common gynecological cancers and has the highest mortality rate thereof. We found abundant eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A1 (EIF5A1) in 54 EOC tissues, and high EIF5A1 levels predicted poor survival. EIF5A1 ectopic expression enhanced EOC cell proliferative, migration, and invasive capabilities, while EIF5A1 knockdown suppressed them. Most importantly, GC7 (N1-guanyl-1,7-diaminoheptane, an EIF5A1 hypusination inhibitor) could reverse the effect of EIF5A1 upregulation on EOC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and mutant type EIF5A1K50A plasmid [bearing a single point mutation (K50 → A50) that prevents hypusination] had no effects on these malignant behaviors. Our findings imply that EIF5A1 is a vital regulator of EOC proliferation and progression and is a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target in EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital of the China Welfare Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 910 Hengshan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital of the China Welfare Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 910 Hengshan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiaorui Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital of the China Welfare Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 910 Hengshan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Fuju Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital of the China Welfare Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 910 Hengshan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Weihong Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital of the China Welfare Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 910 Hengshan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiaowei Xi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai 200080, China.
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital of the China Welfare Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 910 Hengshan Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
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190
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Hou D, Liu Z, Xu X, Liu Q, Zhang X, Kong B, Wei JJ, Gong Y, Shao C. Increased oxidative stress mediates the antitumor effect of PARP inhibition in ovarian cancer. Redox Biol 2018; 17:99-111. [PMID: 29684820 PMCID: PMC6006521 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PARP inhibitors have been widely tested in clinical trials, especially for the treatment of breast cancer and ovarian cancer, and were shown to be highly successful. Because PARP primarily functions in sensing and repairing DNA strand breaks, the therapeutic effect of PARP inhibition is generally believed to be attributed to impaired DNA repair. We here report that oxidative stress is also increased by PARP inhibition and mediates the antitumor effect. We showed that PARP1 is highly expressed in specimens of high grade serous ovarian carcinoma and its activity is required for unperturbed proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. Inhibition or depletion of PARP leads to not only an increase in DNA damage, but also an elevation in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Importantly, antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) significantly attenuated the induction of DNA damage and the perturbation of proliferation by PARP inhibition or depletion. We further showed that NADPH oxidases 1 and 4 were significantly upregulated by PARP inhibition and were partially responsible for the induction of oxidative stress. Depletion of NOX1 and NOX4 partially rescued the growth inhibition of PARP1-deficient tumor xenografts. Our findings suggest that in addition to compromising the repair of DNA damage, PARP inhibition or depletion may exert extra antitumor effect by elevating oxidative stress in ovarian cancer cells. PARP1 is overexpressed in ovarian cancer. PARP inhibition increases oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage. PARP inhibition increases ROS by upregulating NOX1 and NOX4. Oxidative stress mediates the antitumor effect of PARP inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education/Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Zhaojian Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xiuhua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education/Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education/Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education/Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Beihua Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jian-Jun Wei
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yaoqin Gong
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education/Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Changshun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education/Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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191
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Zhao L, Wang W, Huang S, Yang Z, Xu L, Yang Q, Zhou X, Wang J, Shen Q, Wang C, Le X, Feng M, Zhou N, Lau WB, Lau B, Yao S, Yi T, Wang X, Zhao X, Wei Y, Zhou S. The RNA binding protein SORBS2 suppresses metastatic colonization of ovarian cancer by stabilizing tumor-suppressive immunomodulatory transcripts. Genome Biol 2018; 19:35. [PMID: 29548303 PMCID: PMC5857099 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-018-1412-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer constitutes one of the most lethal gynecologic malignancies for females. Currently, early detection strategies and therapeutic options for ovarian cancer are far from satisfactory, leading to high diagnosis rates at late stages and disease relapses. New avenues of therapy are needed that target key processes in ovarian cancer progression. While a variety of non-coding RNAs have been proven to regulate ovarian cancer metastatic progression, the functional roles of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) in this process are less well defined. RESULTS In this study, we identify that the RBP sorbin and SH3 domain containing 2 (SORBS2) is a potent suppressor of ovarian cancer metastatic colonization. Mechanistic studies show that SORBS2 binds the 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of WFDC1 (WAP four-disulfide core domain 1) and IL-17D (Interleukin-17D), two secreted molecules that are shown to act as metastasis suppressors. Enhanced expression of either WFDC1 or IL-17D potently represses SORBS2 depletion-mediated cancer metastasis promotion. By enhancing the stability of these gene transcripts, SORBS2 suppresses ovarian cancer invasiveness and affects monocyte to myeloid-derived suppressor cell and M2-like macrophage polarization, eliciting a tumor-suppressive immune microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS Our data illustrate a novel post-transcriptional network that links cancer progression and immunomodulation within the tumor microenvironment through SORBS2-mediated transcript stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Shuang Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengnan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Xu
- Department of Pathology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qilian Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuhong Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenlu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Le
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Feng
- Department of Pathology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Nianxin Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Wayne Bond Lau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bonnie Lau
- Department of Surgery, Emergency Medicine, Kaiser Santa Clara Medical Center, Affiliate of Stanford University, Santa Clara, CA, USA
| | - Shaohua Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengtao Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Ji JX, Wang YK, Cochrane DR, Huntsman DG. Clear cell carcinomas of the ovary and kidney: clarity through genomics. J Pathol 2018; 244:550-564. [PMID: 29344971 DOI: 10.1002/path.5037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Clear cell ovarian carcinoma (CCOC) and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) both feature clear cytoplasm, owing to the accumulation of cytoplasmic glycogen. Genomic studies have demonstrated several mutational similarities between these two diseases, including frequent alterations in the chromatin remodelling SWI-SNF and cellular proliferation phosphoinositide 3-kinase-mammalian target of rapamycin pathways, as well as a shared hypoxia-like mRNA expression signature. Although many targeted treatment options have been approved for advanced-stage ccRCC, CCOC patients are still treated with conventional platinum and taxane chemotherapy, to which they are resistant. To determine the extent of similarity between these malignancies, we performed unsupervised clustering of mRNA expression data from these cancers. This review highlights the similarities and differences between these two clear cell carcinomas to facilitate knowledge translation within future research efforts. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer X Ji
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yi Kan Wang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, BC, Canada
| | - Dawn R Cochrane
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, BC, Canada
| | - David G Huntsman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, BC, Canada
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193
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Puttabyatappa M, Padmanabhan V. Developmental Programming of Ovarian Functions and Dysfunctions. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2018; 107:377-422. [PMID: 29544638 PMCID: PMC6119353 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the origin of several ovarian pathologies remain unclear. In addition to the genetic basis, developmental insults are gaining attention as a basis for the origin of these pathologies. Such early insults include maternal over or under nutrition, stress, and exposure to environmental chemicals. This chapter reviews the development and physiological function of the ovary, the known ovarian pathologies, the developmental check points of ovarian differentiation impacted by developmental insults, the role played by steroidal and metabolic factors as mediaries, the epigenetic mechanisms via which these mediaries induce their effects, and the knowledge gaps for targeting future studies to ultimately aid in the development of improved treatments.
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194
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Park KJ, Patel P, Linkov I, Jotwani A, Kauff N, Pike MC. Observations on the origin of ovarian cortical inclusion cysts in women undergoing risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy. Histopathology 2018; 72:766-776. [PMID: 29197096 DOI: 10.1111/his.13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Evidence suggests that up to 70% of high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSCs) arise potentially from fallopian tube fimbriae, and that many of the remaining cases arise from within the ovary in cortical inclusion cysts (CICs) with a Müllerian phenotype (Müllerian-CICs). It has been proposed that Müllerian-CICs arise either from metaplasia of mesothelial ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) entrapped within the ovary after ovulation or from normal tubal cells entrapped postovulation. However, this proposal is controversial. We therefore conducted a study of CICs in women, most of them BRCA1/2 mutation carriers, undergoing risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy at our institution from 2000 to 2014. METHODS AND RESULTS We used immunohistochemistry for PAX8, a Müllerian marker, and calretinin, a mesothelial marker to classify CIC cells. In 499 CICs from 59 women, 72.3% were positive for PAX8 (PAX8+ ): ≥10% of CIC cells positive; 43.5% positive for calretinin (calretinin+ ). The proportion of PAX8+ CICs increased from 62.9% in premenopausal to 80.5% in postmenopausal patients. The proportion of calretinin+ CICs decreased from 52.6% to 35.6%, respectively. There was significant overlap of PAX8 and calretinin positivity: 82 (16.4%) CICs were PAX8+ /calretinin+ ; 43 (40.2%) of these 82 demonstrated PAX8+ /calretinin+ in the same cells. CONCLUSIONS These results, and the increased ratio of PAX8+ to calretinin+ CICs from premenopausal to postmenopausal, show that many PAX8+ CICs probably arise from metaplasia of OSE-derived CICs. The proportion of PAX+ /calretinin- CICs arising from OSE-derived CICs is unclear, but our results strongly support the proposal that many Müllerian-CICs arise from OSE via metaplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay J Park
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Prusha Patel
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Irina Linkov
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anjali Jotwani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Noah Kauff
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Malcolm C Pike
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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195
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Yi Y, Tsai SH, Cheng JC, Wang EY, Anglesio MS, Cochrane DR, Fuller M, Gibb EA, Wei W, Huntsman DG, Karsan A, Hoodless PA. APELA promotes tumour growth and cell migration in ovarian cancer in a p53-dependent manner. Gynecol Oncol 2017; 147:663-671. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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196
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Kedves AT, Gleim S, Liang X, Bonal DM, Sigoillot F, Harbinski F, Sanghavi S, Benander C, George E, Gokhale PC, Nguyen QD, Kirschmeier PT, Distel RJ, Jenkins J, Goldberg MS, Forrester WC. Recurrent ubiquitin B silencing in gynecological cancers establishes dependence on ubiquitin C. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:4554-4568. [PMID: 29130934 DOI: 10.1172/jci92914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional repression of ubiquitin B (UBB) is a cancer-subtype-specific alteration that occurs in a substantial population of patients with cancers of the female reproductive tract. UBB is 1 of 2 genes encoding for ubiquitin as a polyprotein consisting of multiple copies of ubiquitin monomers. Silencing of UBB reduces cellular UBB levels and results in an exquisite dependence on ubiquitin C (UBC), the second polyubiquitin gene. UBB is repressed in approximately 30% of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) patients and is a recurrent lesion in uterine carcinosarcoma and endometrial carcinoma. We identified ovarian tumor cell lines that retain UBB in a repressed state, used these cell lines to establish orthotopic ovarian tumors, and found that inducible expression of a UBC-targeting shRNA led to tumor regression, and substantial long-term survival benefit. Thus, we describe a recurrent cancer-specific lesion at the level of ubiquitin production. Moreover, these observations reveal the prognostic value of UBB repression and establish UBC as a promising therapeutic target for ovarian cancer patients with recurrent UBB silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia T Kedves
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Scott Gleim
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaoyou Liang
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dennis M Bonal
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Frederic Sigoillot
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fred Harbinski
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sneha Sanghavi
- Neurosciences, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christina Benander
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth George
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jeremy Jenkins
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - William C Forrester
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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197
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Molecular analysis of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma with and without associated serous tubal intra-epithelial carcinoma. Nat Commun 2017; 8:990. [PMID: 29042553 PMCID: PMC5645359 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Many high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs) of the pelvis are thought to originate in the distal portion of the fallopian tube. Serous tubal intra-epithelial carcinoma (STIC) lesions are the putative precursor to HGSC and identifiable in ~ 50% of advanced stage cases. To better understand the molecular etiology of HGSCs, we report a multi-center integrated genomic analysis of advanced stage tumors with and without STIC lesions and normal tissues. The most significant focal DNA SCNAs were shared between cases with and without STIC lesions. The RNA sequence and the miRNA data did not identify any clear separation between cases with and without STIC lesions. HGSCs had molecular profiles more similar to normal fallopian tube epithelium than ovarian surface epithelium or peritoneum. The data suggest that the molecular features of HGSCs with and without associated STIC lesions are mostly shared, indicating a common biologic origin, likely to be the distal fallopian tube among all cases.High-grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs) are associated with precursor lesions (STICs) in the fallopian epithelium in only half of the cases. Here the authors report the molecular analysis of HGSCs with and without associated STICs and show similar profiles supporting a common origin for all HGSCs.
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198
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Klotz DM, Wimberger P. Cells of origin of ovarian cancer: ovarian surface epithelium or fallopian tube? Arch Gynecol Obstet 2017; 296:1055-1062. [PMID: 28940023 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-017-4529-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cancer in women and one of the leading causes of death from gynecological malignancies. Despite of its clinical importance, ovarian tumorigenesis is poorly understood and prognosis remains poor. This is particularly true for the most common type of ovarian cancer, high-grade serous ovarian cancer. RESULTS Two models are considered, whether it arises from the ovarian surface epithelium or from the fallopian tube. The first model is based on (1) the pro-inflammatory environment caused by ovulation events, (2) the expression pattern of ovarian inclusion cysts, and (3) biomarkers that are shared by the ovarian surface epithelium and malignant growth. The model suggesting a non-ovarian origin is based on (1) tubal precursor lesions, (2) genetic evidence of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers, and (3) recent animal studies. Neither model has clearly demonstrated superiority over the other. Therefore, one can speculate that high-grade serous ovarian cancer may arise from two different sites that undergo similar changes. Both tissues are derived from the same embryologic origin, which may explain how progenitor cells from different sites can respond similar to stimuli within the ovaries. However, distinct molecular drivers, such as BRCA deficiency, may still preferentially arise from one site of origin as precancerous mutations are frequently seen in the fallopian tube. CONCLUSIONS Confirming the origin of ovarian cancer has important clinical implications when deciding on cancer risk-reducing prophylactic surgery. It will be important to identify key biomarker to uncover the sequence of ovarian tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Martin Klotz
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. .,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany. .,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Pauline Wimberger
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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199
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Zhang B, Chen F, Xu Q, Han L, Xu J, Gao L, Sun X, Li Y, Li Y, Qian M, Sun Y. Revisiting ovarian cancer microenvironment: a friend or a foe? Protein Cell 2017; 9:674-692. [PMID: 28929459 PMCID: PMC6053350 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0466-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of ovarian cancer involves the co-evolution of neoplastic cells together with the adjacent microenvironment. Steps of malignant progression including primary tumor outgrowth, therapeutic resistance, and distant metastasis are not determined solely by genetic alterations in ovarian cancer cells, but considerably shaped by the fitness advantage conferred by benign components in the ovarian stroma. As the dynamic cancer topography varies drastically during disease progression, heterologous cell types within the tumor microenvironment (TME) can actively determine the pathological track of ovarian cancer. Resembling many other solid tumor types, ovarian malignancy is nurtured by a TME whose dark side may have been overlooked, rather than overestimated. Further, harnessing breakthrough and targeting cures in human ovarian cancer requires insightful understanding of the merits and drawbacks of current treatment modalities, which mainly target transformed cells. Thus, designing novel and precise strategies that both eliminate cancer cells and manipulate the TME is increasingly recognized as a rational avenue to improve therapeutic outcome and prevent disease deterioration of ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qixia Xu
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Liu Han
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jiaqian Xu
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Libin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiaochen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Min Qian
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Department of Medicine and VAPSHCS, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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200
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Cochrane DR, Tessier-Cloutier B, Lawrence KM, Nazeran T, Karnezis AN, Salamanca C, Cheng AS, McAlpine JN, Hoang LN, Gilks CB, Huntsman DG. Clear cell and endometrioid carcinomas: are their differences attributable to distinct cells of origin? J Pathol 2017; 243:26-36. [PMID: 28678427 DOI: 10.1002/path.4934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial epithelium is the presumed tissue of origin for both eutopic and endometriosis-derived clear cell and endometrioid carcinomas. We had previously hypothesized that the morphological, biological and clinical differences between these carcinomas are due to histotype-specific mutations. Although some mutations and genomic landscape features are more likely to be found in one of these histotypes, we were not able to identify a single class of mutations that was exclusively present in one histotype and not the other. This lack of genomic differences led us to an alternative hypothesis that these cancers could arise from distinct cells of origin within endometrial tissue, and that it is the cellular context that accounts for their differences. In a proteomic screen, we identified cystathionine γ-lyase (CTH) as a marker for clear cell carcinoma, as it is expressed at high levels in clear cell carcinomas of the ovary and endometrium. In the current study, we analysed normal Müllerian tissues, and found that CTH is expressed in ciliated cells of endometrium (both eutopic endometrium and endometriosis) and fallopian tubes. We then demonstrated that other ciliated cell markers are expressed in clear cell carcinomas, whereas endometrial secretory cell markers are expressed in endometrioid carcinomas. The same differential staining of secretory and ciliated cells was demonstrable in a three-dimensional organoid culture system, in which stem cells were stimulated to differentiate into an admixture of secretory and ciliated cells. These data suggest that endometrioid carcinomas are derived from cells of the secretory cell lineage, whereas clear cell carcinomas are derived from, or have similarities to, cells of the ciliated cell lineage. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn R Cochrane
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Basile Tessier-Cloutier
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Tayyebeh Nazeran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anthony N Karnezis
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Clara Salamanca
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Angela S Cheng
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jessica N McAlpine
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lien N Hoang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - C Blake Gilks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David G Huntsman
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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