201
|
|
202
|
Kapelewska J, Kotowska U, Karpińska J, Kowalczuk D, Arciszewska A, Świrydo A. Occurrence, removal, mass loading and environmental risk assessment of emerging organic contaminants in leachates, groundwaters and wastewaters. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
203
|
Wieck S, Olsson O, Kümmerer K. Consumers’ perceptions of biocidal products in households. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2018; 221:260-268. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
204
|
Tahar A, Tiedeken EJ, Rowan NJ. Occurrence and geodatabase mapping of three contaminants of emerging concern in receiving water and at effluent from waste water treatment plants - A first overview of the situation in the Republic of Ireland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 616-617:187-197. [PMID: 29112842 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This constitutes the first study to address occurrence and geodatabase mapping of the anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac (DCL) and the natural (17-beta-estradiol or E2) and synthetic (17-alpha-ethynylestradiol or EE2) estrogenic hormones in Republic of Ireland receiving waters over the period 1999 to 2015. Among these data, 317 samples came from concentration studies, while 205 were from effect-based studies. Monitoring data came from 16 waste water treatment plants (WWTPs), 23 water bodies (including rivers, lakes, marine and transitional waters) and 7 from domestic locations. Out of approximately 1000 WWPTs in the Republic of Ireland, only 16 have been monitored for at least one of these compounds of emerging concern (CECs). Diclofenac is found in treated effluents from 5 WWTPs at levels at least as high as other European WWPTs, and sometime higher. Measurements of E2 and EE2 in WWPT effluents were rare and effluents were more often evaluated for total estrogens; these CECs were generally not detected using conventional analytical methods because of limits of detection being too high compared to environmental concentrations and WFD environmental quality standards. There was good agreement between occurrence of these CEC and regional drug dispensing data in Ireland. Mapping the aforementioned data onto appropriate river basin catchment management tools will inform predictive and simulated risk determinations to inform investment in infrastructure that is necessary to protect rivers and beaches and economic activities that rely on clean water. There is a pressing commensurate need to refine/develop new analytical methods with low levels of detection for future CEC intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Tahar
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Athlone, Co. Westmeath, Ireland
| | - Erin Jo Tiedeken
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Athlone, Co. Westmeath, Ireland; School of Science, National College of New Jersey, Pennington Road Ewing, NJ 08628-0718, USA
| | - Neil J Rowan
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Athlone, Co. Westmeath, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
205
|
Liu YY, Hu XL, Bao YF, Yin DQ. Simultaneous determination of 29 pharmaceuticals in fish muscle and plasma by ultrasonic extraction followed by SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:2139-2150. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- You-yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment; Ministry of Education; College of Environmental Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Xia-lin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment; Ministry of Education; College of Environmental Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Yi-fan Bao
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment; Ministry of Education; College of Environmental Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Da-qiang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment; Ministry of Education; College of Environmental Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
206
|
Wang Y, Wang X, Li M, Dong J, Sun C, Chen G. Removal of Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) from Municipal Waste Water with Integrated Membrane Systems, MBR-RO/NF. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15020269. [PMID: 29401723 PMCID: PMC5858338 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on the application of combining membrane bioreactor (MBR) treatment with reverse osmosis (RO) or nanofiltration (NF) membrane treatment for removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in municipal wastewater. Twenty-seven PPCPs were measured in real influent with lowest average concentration being trimethoprim (7.12 ng/L) and the highest being caffeine (18.4 ng/L). The results suggest that the MBR system effectively removes the PPCPs with an efficiency of between 41.08% and 95.41%, and that the integrated membrane systems, MBR-RO/NF, can achieve even higher removal rates of above 95% for most of them. The results also suggest that, due to the differences in removal mechanisms of NF/RO membrane, differences of removal rates exist. In this study, the combination of MBR-NF resulted in the removal of 13 compounds to below detection limits and MBR-RO achieved even better results with removal of 20 compounds to below detection limits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Beijing Municipal Research Academy of Environmental Protection, No. 59, Beiyingfang Middle Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Urban Environmental Pollution Control, No. 59, Beiyingfang Middle Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Xu Wang
- Beijing Municipal Research Academy of Environmental Protection, No. 59, Beiyingfang Middle Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Urban Environmental Pollution Control, No. 59, Beiyingfang Middle Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Mingwei Li
- Beijing Municipal Research Academy of Environmental Protection, No. 59, Beiyingfang Middle Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Urban Environmental Pollution Control, No. 59, Beiyingfang Middle Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Jing Dong
- Beijing Municipal Research Academy of Environmental Protection, No. 59, Beiyingfang Middle Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Urban Environmental Pollution Control, No. 59, Beiyingfang Middle Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Changhong Sun
- Beijing Municipal Research Academy of Environmental Protection, No. 59, Beiyingfang Middle Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Urban Environmental Pollution Control, No. 59, Beiyingfang Middle Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Guanyi Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
207
|
Llorens-Blanch G, Parladé E, Martinez-Alonso M, Gaju N, Caminal G, Blánquez P. A comparison between biostimulation and bioaugmentation in a solid treatment of anaerobic sludge: Drug content and microbial evaluation. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 72:206-217. [PMID: 29132777 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Emerging pollutants can reach the environment through the sludge of Wastewater Treatment Plants. In this work, the use of Trametes versicolor in biopiles at lab-scale was studied, evaluating its capacity to remove the most hydrophobic Pharmaceuticals and assessing the evolution of the biopiles microbial communities. The total removal of drugs at real concentrations from sewage sludge was assessed for non-inoculated and fungal inoculated biopiles, testing if the re-inoculation of the biopiles after 22 days of treatment would improve the removal yields. It was found that 2 out of the 15 initially detected pharmaceuticals were totally degraded after 22 days, and re-inoculated fungal biopiles achieved higher removal rates than non-re-inoculated fungal biopiles for single compounds and for all the drugs simultaneously: 66.45% and 49.18% re-inoculated and non-re-inoculated biopiles, respectively. Finally, the study of the bacterial and fungal communities revealed that fungal inoculated and non-inoculated biopiles evolved to similar communities adapted to the presence of those drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Llorens-Blanch
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química Biològica i Ambiental, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Parladé
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Martinez-Alonso
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Gaju
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Caminal
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC) CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Blánquez
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química Biològica i Ambiental, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
208
|
Rivera-Jaimes JA, Postigo C, Melgoza-Alemán RM, Aceña J, Barceló D, López de Alda M. Study of pharmaceuticals in surface and wastewater from Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico: Occurrence and environmental risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 613-614:1263-1274. [PMID: 28962074 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present work describes the first known study to date on the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in surface water and wastewater of Cuernavaca, the capital of the state of Morelos (México). Selected pharmaceuticals (a total of 35) were extracted from the collected water samples with a generic solid phase extraction (SPE) protocol and determined in the sample extracts by means of high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). A screening level risk assessment combining the measured environmental concentrations (MECs) with dose-response data based on predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) was also applied to estimate Hazard Quotients (HQs) for the pharmaceuticals detected in the investigated area. A total of twelve pharmaceuticals were found in the water samples analyzed, with detection frequencies above 78% and in most cases of 100%. Overall, the most abundant pharmaceuticals in surface water were the analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs naproxen (732-4880ng/L), acetaminophen (354-4460ng/L), and diclofenac (258-1398ng/L), and the lipid regulator bezafibrate (286-2100ng/L). On the contrary, other compounds like the β-blocker atenolol and the psychiatric drug carbamazepine were found at only a few ng or tens of ng per liter in the Apatlaco River. Despite the fact that some of the most abundant compounds showed good removal (>97%) during wastewater treatment, concentrations downstream the WWTP were only slightly lower than upstream. This indicates the existence of additional inputs of untreated wastewater into the river. Based on the obtained HQ-values, the concentrations of ibuprofen, sulfamethoxazole, diclofenac and naproxen present in the river could pose a high toxicity risk for the aquatic ecosystem. These findings highlight these pharmaceuticals as relevant organic contaminants in the area of study and the need to further monitor them in order to adopt appropriate measures to safeguard the ecosystem, and eventually human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Abraham Rivera-Jaimes
- Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas (CIICAP), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos (UAEM), Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Cristina Postigo
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08434 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rosa María Melgoza-Alemán
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos (UAEM), Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jaume Aceña
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08434 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Damia Barceló
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08434 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Edifici H2O, Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Miren López de Alda
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08434 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
209
|
Rocha AC, Camacho C, Eljarrat E, Peris A, Aminot Y, Readman JW, Boti V, Nannou C, Marques A, Nunes ML, Almeida CM. Bioaccumulation of persistent and emerging pollutants in wild sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 161:354-363. [PMID: 29195184 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Marine pollution has been increasing as a consequence of anthropogenic activities. The preservation of marine ecosystems, as well as the safety of harvested seafood, are nowadays a global concern. Here, we report for the first time the contamination levels of a large set of 99 emerging and persistent organic contaminants (butyltins (BTs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides including pyrethroids, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PCPs) and flame retardants) in roe/gonads of sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Sea urchins are a highly prized worldwide delicacy, and the harvesting of this seafood has increased over the last decades, particularly in South West Atlantic coast, where this organism is harvested mainly for exportation. Sampling was performed in three harvesting sites of the NW Portuguese coast subjected to distinct anthropogenic pressures: Carreço, Praia Norte and Vila Chã, with sea urchins being collected in the north and south areas of each site. Butyltins and pharmaceuticals were not found at measurable levels. Several PAHs, four pyrethroids insecticides, four PCPs and eleven flame retardants were found in roe/gonads of sea urchins, though in general at low levels. Differences among harvesting sites and between areas within each site were found, the lowest levels of contaminants being registered in Carreço. The accumulation of contaminants in sea urchins' roe/gonads seemed to reflect the low anthropogenic pressure felt in the sampling sites. Nevertheless, taking into account the low accumulated levels of chemicals, results indicate that sea urchins collected in South West Atlantic coast are safe for human consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Cristina Rocha
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR / CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Carolina Camacho
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR / CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Division of Aquaculture and Seafood Upgrading. Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, I.P. (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ethel Eljarrat
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Department of Environmental Chemistry (IDAEA-CSIC), JordiGirona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Peris
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Department of Environmental Chemistry (IDAEA-CSIC), JordiGirona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yann Aminot
- Biogeochemistry Research Centre, Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - James W Readman
- Biogeochemistry Research Centre, Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Vasiliki Boti
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, University of Ioannina, Panepistimioupolis, Ioannina, GR 45110, Greece
| | - Christina Nannou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, University of Ioannina, Panepistimioupolis, Ioannina, GR 45110, Greece
| | - António Marques
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR / CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Division of Aquaculture and Seafood Upgrading. Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, I.P. (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Leonor Nunes
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR / CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Division of Aquaculture and Seafood Upgrading. Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, I.P. (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Marisa Almeida
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR / CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
210
|
Martínez-Hernández V, Leal M, Meffe R, de Miguel A, Alonso-Alonso C, de Bustamante I, Lillo J, Martín I, Salas JJ. Removal of emerging organic contaminants in a poplar vegetation filter. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 342:482-491. [PMID: 28866407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Vegetation filters (VFs), a type of land application system, are a robust technology based on natural treatment mechanisms for the removal of wastewater contaminants. Their capacity to attenuate emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) has not yet been evaluated. The present study reports the results of a 2-year EOC monitoring carried out using a poplar VF receiving wastewater primarily treated by an Imhoff tank. The compounds selected included analgesics, a β-adrenergic blocker, stimulants, an anticonvulsant, an anti-depressant, an anti-inflammatory, an antibiotic and analgesic and stimulant metabolites. EOCs were analysed in the Imhoff tank effluent, in the infiltrated water at a depth of 90cm and in the groundwater at a depth of 10m. The results demonstrated that EOC attenuation was more significant in the first 90cm than in the rest of the soil profile. The removal efficiency for all of the selected EOCs was higher than 90% with the exception of ketoprofen, which may pose a higher threat of groundwater contamination. The observed attenuation correlated with the hydrophobicity and charge state of the EOCs. The higher persistence of the metabolites 4-AAA and 4-FAA shows that progression in the degradation pathway does not always imply a mitigation of contamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - M Leal
- IMDEA Water Institute, Avda Punto Com 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Spain; University of Rey Juan Carlos, ESCET, Biology and Geology Department, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933, Madrid, Spain.
| | - R Meffe
- IMDEA Water Institute, Avda Punto Com 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
| | - A de Miguel
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Department of Water and Food, Droevendaalsesteeg, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - C Alonso-Alonso
- IMDEA Water Institute, Avda Punto Com 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
| | - I de Bustamante
- IMDEA Water Institute, Avda Punto Com 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Spain; University of Alcalá, Geology, Geography and Environment Department Ctra, A-II km 33.6, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - J Lillo
- IMDEA Water Institute, Avda Punto Com 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Spain; University of Rey Juan Carlos, ESCET, Biology and Geology Department, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933, Madrid, Spain.
| | - I Martín
- Foundation Center of New Water Technologies (CENTA), Autovía Sevilla-Huelva (A-49), Km. 28, 41820, Carrión de los Céspedes, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - J J Salas
- Foundation Center of New Water Technologies (CENTA), Autovía Sevilla-Huelva (A-49), Km. 28, 41820, Carrión de los Céspedes, Sevilla, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
211
|
Zhang P, Zhou H, Li K, Zhao X, Liu Q, Li D, Zhao G, Wang L. Occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products, and their associated environmental risks in Guanting Reservoir and its upstream rivers in north China. RSC Adv 2018; 8:4703-4712. [PMID: 35539549 PMCID: PMC9077785 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12945a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Eighteen selected pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), consisting of five non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals (N-APs), four sulfonamides (SAs), four tetracyclines (TCs), four macrolides (MCs), and one quinolone (QN) were detected in surface water and sediments from Guanting Reservoir (GTR) and its upstream rivers in north China. Acetaminophen, caffeine, chlorotetracycline, and ofloxacin were detected with 100% frequency in the surface water of GTR and its upstream rivers, while diltiazem was also detected with 100% frequency in surface water from the reservoir's upstream rivers. Acetaminophen and caffeine were detected with 100% frequency in sediments from GTR and its upstream rivers, while high concentrations of ofloxacin in GTR, and carbamazepine, tetracycline, and chlortetracycline in upstream rivers were also detected in 100% of samples. Five N-APs, especially acetaminophen and caffeine, were prominent pollutants. The mean concentrations of acetaminophen were 155 and 302 ng L−1 in surface water and 529 and 202 ng g−1 in sediments from GTR and upstream rivers, respectively. The mean concentrations of caffeine were 208 and 338 ng L−1 in surface water samples and 1430 and 1020 ng g−1 in sediments from GTR and upstream rivers, respectively. The geographical differences in PPCP concentrations were largely due to anthropogenic activities. Sewage discharged from Zhangjiakou City and human activities around the GTR basin were the main sources of PPCPs in this area. An environmental risk assessment for the worst-case scenario was undertaken using calculated risk quotients, which indicated a medium risk from erythromycin in GTR and a high risk in its upstream rivers. Eighteen selected pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) were detected in surface water and sediments from the Guanting Reservoir (GTR) and its upstream rivers.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research
- Beijing
- China
- Department of Water Environment
| | - Huaidong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research
- Beijing
- China
- Department of Water Environment
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research
- Beijing
- China
- Department of Water Environment
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research
- Beijing
- China
- Department of Water Environment
| | - Qiaona Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research
- Beijing
- China
- Department of Water Environment
| | - Dongjiao Li
- Department of Water Environment
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research
- Beijing
- China
| | - Gaofeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research
- Beijing
- China
- Department of Water Environment
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Water Environment
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research
- Beijing
- China
| |
Collapse
|
212
|
Kovacic M, Kopcic N, Kusic H, Stangar UL, Dionysiou DD, Bozic AL. Reactivation and reuse of TiO 2-SnS 2 composite catalyst for solar-driven water treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:2538-2551. [PMID: 29127639 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0667-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important features of photocatalytic materials intended to be used for water treatment is their long-term stability. The study is focused on the application of thermal and chemical treatments for the reactivation of TiO2-SnS2 composite photocatalyst, prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and immobilized on the glass support using titania/silica binder. Such a catalytic system was applied in solar-driven treatment, solar/TiO2-SnS2/H2O2, for the purification of water contaminated with diclofenac (DCF). The effectiveness of studied reactivation methods for retaining TiO2-SnS2 activity in consecutive cycles was evaluated on basis of DCF removal and conversion, and TOC removal and mineralization of organic content. Besides these water quality parameters, biodegradability changes in DCF aqueous solution treated by solar/TiO2-SnS2/H2O2 process using simply reused (air-dried) and thermally and chemically reactivated composite photocatalyst through six consecutive cycles were monitored. It was established that both thermal and chemical reactivation retain TiO2-SnS2 activity in the second cycle of its reuse. However, both treatments caused the alteration in the TiO2-SnS2 morphology due to the partial transformation of visible-active SnS2 into non-active SnO2. Such alteration, repeated through consecutive reactivation and reuse, was reflected through gradual activity loss of TiO2-SnS2 composite in applied solar-driven water treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marin Kovacic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nina Kopcic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Kusic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Urska Lavrencic Stangar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 113, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory for Environmental Research, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, 5000, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221-0012, USA
| | - Ana Loncaric Bozic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
213
|
Tahar A, Tiedeken EJ, Clifford E, Cummins E, Rowan N. Development of a semi-quantitative risk assessment model for evaluating environmental threat posed by the three first EU watch-list pharmaceuticals to urban wastewater treatment plants: An Irish case study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 603-604:627-638. [PMID: 28654878 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of receiving waters with pharmaceutical compounds is of pressing concern. This constitutes the first study to report on the development of a semi-quantitative risk assessment (RA) model for evaluating the environmental threat posed by three EU watch list pharmaceutical compounds namely, diclofenac, 17-beta-estradiol and 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol, to aquatic ecosystems using Irish data as a case study. This RA model adopts the Irish Environmental Protection Agency Source-Pathway-Receptor concept to define relevant parameters for calculating low, medium or high risk score for each agglomeration of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), which include catchment, treatments, operational and management factors. This RA model may potentially be used on a national scale to (i) identify WWTPs that pose a particular risk as regards releasing disproportionally high levels of these pharmaceutical compounds, and (ii) help identify priority locations for introducing or upgrading control measures (e.g. tertiary treatment, source reduction). To assess risks for these substances of emerging concern, the model was applied to 16 urban WWTPs located in different regions in Ireland that were scored for the three different compounds and ranked as low, medium or high risk. As a validation proxy, this case study used limited monitoring data recorded at some these plants receiving waters. It is envisaged that this semi-quantitative RA approach may aid other EU countries investigate and screen for potential risks where limited measured or predicted environmental pollutant concentrations and/or hydrological data are available. This model is semi-quantitative, as other factors such as influence of climate change and drug usage or prescription data will need to be considered in a future point for estimating and predicting risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Tahar
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Ireland.
| | - Erin Jo Tiedeken
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Ireland; National Biodiversity Data Centre, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Eoghan Clifford
- College of Engineering and informatics, Department of Civil Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Enda Cummins
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Neil Rowan
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
214
|
Pereira AMPT, Silva LJG, Lino CM, Meisel LM, Pena A. A critical evaluation of different parameters for estimating pharmaceutical exposure seeking an improved environmental risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017. [PMID: 28628814 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A critical evaluation of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) Guideline on Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) was performed on 16 of Portugal's most consumed pharmaceuticals in wastewater effluents (WWEs), the main route for aquatic contamination. The predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) were formulated based on the Guideline, after incorporating several refinements. The best approach was selected by comparing the measured environmental concentrations (MECs) to the PECs in WWEs. Finally, risk was assessed by comparing PECs to predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs). The results showed that the default value of the penetration factor (Fpen) used by the EMA (0.01) was surpassed and that national consumption and excretion data were the two most important parameters for PEC calculations. The risk quotient between PECs and PNECs was higher than 1 for 12 pharmaceuticals, indicating a risk to all three trophic levels of aquatic organisms (algae, daphnids and fish). To improve the current ERA framework, suggestions were made for incorporating consumption and excretion data, changing the default value of Fpen to 0.04 and adding a safety factor of 10. Moreover, this evaluation should be performed for pharmaceuticals already on the market, and future ERAs should incorporate a risk-benefit analysis, an important risk-management step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André M P T Pereira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Group of Bromatology, Pharmacognosy and Analytical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Liliana J G Silva
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Group of Bromatology, Pharmacognosy and Analytical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Celeste M Lino
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Group of Bromatology, Pharmacognosy and Analytical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Leonor M Meisel
- INFARMED, I.P. - National Authority of Medicines and Health Products, 1749-004 Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Angelina Pena
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Group of Bromatology, Pharmacognosy and Analytical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
215
|
Wang J, He B, Yan D, Hu X. Implementing ecopharmacovigilance (EPV) from a pharmacy perspective: A focus on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 603-604:772-784. [PMID: 28390750 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Environmental experts have made great efforts to control pharmaceutical pollution. However, the control of emerged environmental problems caused by medicines should draw more attention of pharmacy and pharmacovigilance researchers. Ecopharmacovigilance (EPV) as a kind of pharmacovigilance for the environment is recognized worldwide as crucial to minimize the environmental risk of pharmaceutical pollutants. But continuing to treat the pollution of pharmaceuticals as a group of substances instead of targeting individual pharmaceuticals on a prioritized basis will lead to a significant waste of resources. Considering vulture population decline caused by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) residues, we presented a global-scale analysis of 139 reports of NSAIDs occurrence across 29 countries, in order to provide a specific context for implementing EPV. We found a heavy regional bias toward research in Europe, Asia and America. The top 5 most frequently studied NSAIDs included ibuprofen, diclofenac, naproxen, acetaminophen and ketoprofen. The profile of NSAIDs was dominated by acetaminophen in wastewater influents and effluents. Ibuprofen was the most abundant NSAID in surface water. Only 9 NSAIDs were reported in groundwater samples. And majority of NSAIDs were detected in solid matrices at below 1μg/g except for ketoprofen, diclofenac and ibuprofen. From a pharmacy perspective, we get some implication and propose some management practice options for EPV implementation. These include: Further popularizing and applying the concept of EPV, together with developing relevant regulatory guidance, is necessary; More attention should be paid to how to implement EPV for the pollution control of older established drugs; Triggering "a dynamic watch-list mechanism" in conjunction with "source control"; Implementing targeted sewage treatment technologies and strengthening multidisciplinary collaboration; Pharmaceutical levels in aquatic organisms as biological indicators for monitoring pharmaceutical pollution within the water environment; Upgrading drinking water treatment plants with the aim of removing pharmaceutical residues; Paying more attention to EPV for pharmaceuticals in solid matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Bingshu He
- Hubei Woman and Child Hospital, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Dan Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Xiamin Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| |
Collapse
|
216
|
Bellver-Domingo A, Fuentes R, Hernández-Sancho F. Shadow prices of emerging pollutants in wastewater treatment plants: Quantification of environmental externalities. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 203:439-447. [PMID: 28837910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are designed to remove mainly the organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus compounds and suspended solids from wastewater but are not capable of removing chemicals of human origin, such as pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs). The presence of PPCPs in wastewater has environmental effects on the water bodies receiving the WWTP effluents and renders the effluent as unsuitable as a nonconventional water source. Considering PPCPs as non-desirable outputs, the shadow prices methodology has been implemented using the output distance function to measure the environmental benefits of removing five PPCPs (acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxen, carbamazepine and trimethoprim) from WWTP effluents discharged to three different ecosystems (wetland, river and sea). Acetaminophen and ibuprofen show the highest shadow prices of the sample for wetland areas. Their values are 128.2 and 11.0 €/mg respectively. These results represent a proxy in monetary terms of the environmental benefit achieved from avoiding the discharge of these PPCPs in wetlands. These results suggest which PPCPs are urgent to remove from wastewater and which ecosystems are most vulnerable to their presence. The findings of this study will be useful for the plant managers in order to make decisions about prioritization in the removal of different pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Bellver-Domingo
- Water Economics Group, Department of Applied Economics II, University of Valencia, Avda. Tarongers S/N, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - R Fuentes
- Faculty of Economics, Department of Applied Economic Analysis, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, E-03080, Spain
| | - F Hernández-Sancho
- Water Economics Group, Department of Applied Economics II, University of Valencia, Avda. Tarongers S/N, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
217
|
Morphological tunable three-dimensional flower-like zinc oxides with high photoactivity for targeted environmental Remediation: Degradation of emerging micropollutant and radicals trapping experiments. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
218
|
Tran NH, Gin KYH. Occurrence and removal of pharmaceuticals, hormones, personal care products, and endocrine disrupters in a full-scale water reclamation plant. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 599-600:1503-1516. [PMID: 28531959 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This study provided the first comprehensive data on the occurrence and removal of twenty-five target emerging contaminants (ECs) in a full-scale water reclamation plant (WRP) in the Southeast Asian region. Nineteen out of the twenty-five ECs were ubiquitously detected in raw influent samples. Concentrations of the detected ECs in raw influent samples ranged substantially from 44.3 to 124,966ng/L, depending upon the compound and sampling date. The elimination of ECs in full-scale conventional activated sludge (CAS) and membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems at a local WRP was evaluated and compared. Several ECs, such as acetaminophen, atenolol, fenoprofen, indomethacin, ibuprofen, and oxybenzone, exhibited excellent removal efficiencies (>90%) in biological wastewater treatment processes, while some of the investigated compounds (carbamazepine, crotamiton, diclofenac, and iopamidol) appeared to be persistent in the both CAS and MBR systems. Field-based monitoring results showed that MBR outperformed CAS in the elimination of most target ECs. The relationship between molecular characteristics of ECs (i.e. physicochemical properties and structural features) and their removal efficiencies during biological wastewater treatment was also elucidated. Excellent removal efficiencies (>90%) were often noted for ECs with the sole presence of electron donating groups (i.e. phenolic [OH], amine [NH2], methoxy [OCH3], phenoxy [OC6H5], or alkyl groups). Conversely, ECs with the absence of electron donating groups or the predominance of strong electron withdrawing groups (e.g. halogenated, carbonyl, carboxyl, and sulfonamide) tended to show poor removal efficiencies (<30%) in biological wastewater treatment processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Han Tran
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, T-Lab Building, #02-01, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore.
| | - Karina Yew-Hoong Gin
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, T-Lab Building, #02-01, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
219
|
Pereira AL, de Vasconcelos Barros RT, Pereira SR. Pharmacopollution and Household Waste Medicine (HWM): how reverse logistics is environmentally important to Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:24061-24075. [PMID: 28929406 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0097-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacopollution is a public health and environmental outcome of some active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) and endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDC) dispersed through water and/or soil. Its most important sources are the pharmaceutical industry, healthcare facilities (e.g., hospitals), livestock, aquaculture, and households (patients' excretion and littering). The last source is the focus of this article. Research questions are "What is the Household Waste Medicine (HWM) phenomenon?", "How HWM and pharmacopollution are related?", and "Why is a reverse logistic system necessary for HWM in Brazil?" This article followed the seven steps proposed by Rother (2007) for a systematic review based on the Cochrane Handbook and the National Health Service (NHS) Center for Reviews Dissemination (CDR) Report. The HWM phenomenon brings many environmental, public health, and, social challenges. The insufficient data is a real challenge to assessing potential human health risks and API concentrations. Therefore, the hazard of long-term exposure to low concentrations of pharmacopollutants and the combined effects of API mixtures is still uncertain. HWM are strongly related to pharmacopollution, as this review shows. The Brazilian HWM case is remarkable because it is the fourth pharmaceutical market (US$ 65,971 billion), with a wide number of private pharmacies and drugstores (3.3: 10,000 pharmacy/inhabitants), self-medication habits, and no national take-back program. The HWM generation is estimated in 56.6 g/per capita, or 10,800 t/year. The absence of a reverse logistics for HWM can lead to serious environmental and public health challenges. The sector agreement for HWM is currently under public consultation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Luiz Pereira
- Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Minas Gerais (SESMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | | | - Sandra Rosa Pereira
- Inspetoria de Fiscalização de Grandes Empresas (IFEP / SUL), Vitoria da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
220
|
Yadav MK, Short MD, Aryal R, Gerber C, van den Akker B, Saint CP. Occurrence of illicit drugs in water and wastewater and their removal during wastewater treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 124:713-727. [PMID: 28843086 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This review critically evaluates the types and concentrations of key illicit drugs (cocaine, amphetamines, cannabinoids, opioids and their metabolites) found in wastewater, surface water and drinking water sources worldwide and what is known on the effectiveness of wastewater treatment in removing such compounds. It is also important to amass information on the trends in specific drug use as well as the sources of such compounds that enter the environment and we review current international knowledge on this. There are regional differences in the types and quantities of illicit drug consumption and this is reflected in the quantities detected in water. Generally, the levels of illicit drugs in wastewater effluents are lower than in raw influent, indicating that the majority of compounds can be at least partially removed by conventional treatment processes such as activated sludge or trickling filters. However, the literature also indicates that it is too simplistic to assume non-detection equates to drug removal and/or mitigation of associated risks, as there is evidence that some compounds may avoid detection via inadequate sampling and/or analysis protocols, or through conversion to transformation products. Partitioning of drugs from the water to the solids fraction (sludge/biosolids) may also simply shift the potential risk burden to a different environmental compartment and the review found no information on drug stability and persistence in biosolids. Generally speaking, activated sludge-type processes appear to offer better removal efficacy across a range of substances, but the lack of detail in many studies makes it difficult to comment on the most effective process configurations and operations. There is also a paucity of information on the removal effectiveness of alternative treatment processes. Research is also required on natural removal processes in both water and sediments that may over time facilitate further removal of these compounds in receiving environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meena K Yadav
- Natural and Built Environments Research Centre, School of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.
| | - Michael D Short
- Natural and Built Environments Research Centre, School of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.
| | - Rupak Aryal
- Natural and Built Environments Research Centre, School of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.
| | - Cobus Gerber
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, City East Campus, North Terrace, Playford Building, Level 4, Room 47, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Ben van den Akker
- Natural and Built Environments Research Centre, School of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; Australian Water Quality Centre, SA Water, 250 Victoria Square, Adelaide SA 5000; GPO Box 1751, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Christopher P Saint
- Natural and Built Environments Research Centre, School of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
221
|
Grabicova K, Grabic R, Fedorova G, Fick J, Cerveny D, Kolarova J, Turek J, Zlabek V, Randak T. Bioaccumulation of psychoactive pharmaceuticals in fish in an effluent dominated stream. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 124:654-662. [PMID: 28825984 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The treated effluent from sewage treatment plants (STP) is a major source of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) that enter the aquatic environment. Bioaccumulation of 11 selected psychoactive pharmaceuticals (citalopram, clomipramine, haloperidol, hydroxyzine, levomepromazine, mianserin, mirtazapine, paroxetine, sertraline, tramadol and venlafaxine) was examined in Zivny Stream (tributary of the Blanice River, the Czech Republic), which is a small stream highly affected by effluent from the Prachatice STP. Six of the 11 pharmaceuticals were detected in grab water samples and in passive samplers. All pharmaceuticals were found in fish exposed to the stream for a defined time. The organs with highest presence of the selected pharmaceuticals were the liver and kidney; whereas only one pharmaceutical (sertraline) was detected in the brain of exposed fish. Fish plasma and muscle samples were not adequate in revealing exposure because the number of hits was much lower than that in the liver or kidney. Using the criterion of a bioaccumulation factor (BAF) ≥ 500, citalopram, mianserin, mirtazapine and sertraline could be classified as potential bioaccumulative compounds. In combination, data from integrative passive samplers and fish liver or kidney tissue samples were complimentary in detection of target compounds and simultaneously helped to distinguish between bioconcentration and bioaccumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Grabicova
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic.
| | - Roman Grabic
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Ganna Fedorova
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Jerker Fick
- Department of Chemistry, Umea University, SE-901 87 Umea, Sweden
| | - Daniel Cerveny
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Kolarova
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Turek
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Zlabek
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Randak
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
222
|
Zhou L, Sleiman M, Ferronato C, Chovelon JM, de Sainte-Claire P, Richard C. Sulfate radical induced degradation of β2-adrenoceptor agonists salbutamol and terbutaline: Phenoxyl radical dependent mechanisms. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 123:715-723. [PMID: 28719816 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the reactivity and oxidation mechanisms of salbutamol (SAL) and terbutaline (TBL), two typical β2-adrenoceptor agonists, towards sulfate radical (SO4-) by using photo-activated persulfate (PS). The reaction pathways and mechanisms were proposed based on products identification using high resolution HPLC-ESI-MS, laser flash photolysis (LFP) and molecular orbital calculations. The results indicated that SO4- was the dominant reactive species in the UV/PS process. The second-order rate constants of sulfate radical reaction with SAL and TBL were measured as (3.7 ± 0.3) × 109 and (4.2 ± 0.3) × 109 M-1 s-1 by LFP, respectively. For both SAL and TBL, phenoxyl radicals were found to play key roles in the orientation of the primary pathways. For SAL, a benzophenone derivative was generated by oxidation of the phenoxyl radical. However, in the case of TBL, the transformation of the phenoxyl radical into benzoquinone was impossible. Instead, the addition of OSO3H on the aromatic ring was the major pathway. The same reactivity pattern was observed in the case of TBL structural analogs resorcinol and 3,5-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol. Our results revealed that basic conditions inhibited the decomposition of SAL and TBL, while, increasing PS dose enhanced the degradation. The present work could help for a better understanding of the difference in oxidation reactivity of substituted phenols widely present in natural waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626, 2 Avenue Albert Einstein, Villeurbanne, France; Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Sigma-Clermont, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, F-63178, Aubière, France
| | - Mohamad Sleiman
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Sigma-Clermont, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, F-63178, Aubière, France
| | - Corinne Ferronato
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626, 2 Avenue Albert Einstein, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean-Marc Chovelon
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626, 2 Avenue Albert Einstein, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Pascal de Sainte-Claire
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Sigma-Clermont, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, F-63178, Aubière, France
| | - Claire Richard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Sigma-Clermont, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, F-63178, Aubière, France.
| |
Collapse
|
223
|
Ashfaq M, Li Y, Wang Y, Chen W, Wang H, Chen X, Wu W, Huang Z, Yu CP, Sun Q. Occurrence, fate, and mass balance of different classes of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in an anaerobic-anoxic-oxic wastewater treatment plant in Xiamen, China. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 123:655-667. [PMID: 28710982 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the occurrence and fate of 49 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) were investigated in an anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A2/O) wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) for seven consecutive days using 24-h composite sampling technique. Special emphasis was placed to understand the distribution of PPCPs in dissolved and adsorbed phase, and to evaluate PPCP fate in different treatment units. Among the 49 PPCPs, 40 PPCPs in influent, 36 in effluent, 29 in sludge and 23 in suspended solids were detected at least once during sampling. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and a stimulant were predominant PPCPs in influent whereas antibiotics were predominant in sludge, effluent and suspended solids. Removal efficiencies from the aqueous phase based on the dissolved PPCPs showed variable contribution in removing different PPCPs under screen and grit chamber, anaerobic treatment, anoxic treatment, oxic treatment and sedimentation-UV treatments, with the highest removal percentage by anaerobic process in terms of both individual and overall treatment. Mass load analysis showed that 352 g PPCPs enter the WWTP daily while 14.5 g and 58.1 g were discharged through effluent and excess sludge to the receiving sea water and soil applications, respectively. Mass balance analysis based on both aqueous and suspended PPCPs showed 280 g (79.4%) mass of influent PPCPs was lost along the wastewater treatment processes, mainly due to degradation/transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ashfaq
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Yan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Yuwen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; College of Ecology and Resources Engineering, Wuyi University, Wuyishan City 354300, China
| | - Han Wang
- College of Ecology and Resources Engineering, Wuyi University, Wuyishan City 354300, China
| | - Xiangqiang Chen
- General Water of Xiamen Sewage Co. Ltd., Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Wei Wu
- General Water of Xiamen Sewage Co. Ltd., Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Zhenyi Huang
- General Water of Xiamen Sewage Co. Ltd., Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Chang-Ping Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Qian Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
224
|
Thiebault T, Fougère L, Destandau E, Réty M, Jacob J. Temporal dynamics of human-excreted pollutants in wastewater treatment plant influents: Toward a better knowledge of mass load fluctuations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 596-597:246-255. [PMID: 28433767 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of 25 drug target residues (illicit drugs or pharmaceutically active compounds) was investigated during 85 consecutive days in the influents of a wastewater treatment plant in the Region Centre-Val de Loire, France. This long tracking period allowed a better understanding of the patterns affecting the occurrence of this type of contaminants. Among them, 2 were never detected (i.e. heroin and amphetamine). Concerning illicit drugs two patterns were found. Cocaine and ecstasy median loads varied considerably between weekdays and weekend days (i.e. 18.3 and 35.9% respectively) whereas cannabis and heroin (based on 6-mono-acetylmorphine loads) loads were within the same order of magnitude with a significant statistical correlation with pharmaceuticals such as acetaminophen or ketoprofen. The consumption of selected drugs was back-calculated from the loads. Among illicit drugs the highest consumption was found for cannabis with a median consumption of 51mg·day-1·inhabitant-1 (inh) whereas the median consumption for cocaine (based on benzoylecgonine loads) and ecstasy was 32 and 6mg·day-1·103·inh-1 respectively. The highest consumption values of pharmaceutically active compounds (PACs) were found for acetaminophen and acetylsalicylic acid with 108.8 and 34.1mg·day-1·inh-1 respectively, in good agreement with national sales data. A statistically significant weekly pattern was found for several PACs such as metoprolol and trimethoprim, but with the opposite pattern to that of illicit drugs. The variations in daily PAC loads could provide information about the mobility of people in the catchment, especially on the basis of daily taken PACs (i.e. to treat chronicle diseases).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Thiebault
- Univ Orleans, CNRS, BRGM, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), UMR 7327, 45071 Orleans, France.
| | | | | | - Maxime Réty
- Univ Orleans, CNRS, BRGM, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), UMR 7327, 45071 Orleans, France; Univ Orleans, CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, 45067 Orleans, France
| | - Jérémy Jacob
- Univ Orleans, CNRS, BRGM, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), UMR 7327, 45071 Orleans, France
| |
Collapse
|
225
|
Yang YY, Toor GS, Wilson PC, Williams CF. Micropollutants in groundwater from septic systems: Transformations, transport mechanisms, and human health risk assessment. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 123:258-267. [PMID: 28672210 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Septic systems may contribute micropollutants to shallow groundwater and surface water. We constructed two in situ conventional drainfields (drip dispersal and gravel trench) and an advanced drainfield of septic systems to investigate the fate and transport of micropollutants to shallow groundwater. Unsaturated soil-water and groundwater samples were collected, over 32 sampling events (January 2013 to June 2014), from the drainfields (0.31-1.07 m deep) and piezometers (3.1-3.4 m deep). In addition to soil-water and groundwater, effluent samples collected from the septic tank were also analyzed for 20 selected micropollutants, including wastewater markers, hormones, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), a plasticizer, and their transformation products. The removal efficiencies of micropollutants from septic tank effluent to groundwater were similar among three septic systems and were 51-89% for sucralose and 53->99% for other micropollutants. Even with high removal rates within the drainfields, six PPCPs and sucralose with concentrations ranging from <0.3 to 154 ng/L and 121 to 32,000 ng/L reached shallow groundwater, respectively. The human health risk assessment showed that the risk to human health due to consumption of groundwater is negligible for the micropollutants monitored in the study. A better understanding of ecotoxicological effects of micropollutant mixtures from septic systems to ecosystem and human health is warranted for the long-term sustainability of septic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ya Yang
- Soil and Water Quality Laboratory, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, 14625 CR 672, Wimauma, FL 33598, USA
| | - Gurpal S Toor
- Soil and Water Quality Laboratory, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, 14625 CR 672, Wimauma, FL 33598, USA.
| | - P Chris Wilson
- Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, University of Florida, Soil and Water Science Department, 110290 Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Clinton F Williams
- USDA-ARS, US Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, 21881 N. Cardon Ln, Maricopa, AZ 85239, USA
| |
Collapse
|
226
|
Yang Y, Ok YS, Kim KH, Kwon EE, Tsang YF. Occurrences and removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in drinking water and water/sewage treatment plants: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 596-597:303-320. [PMID: 28437649 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 635] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, many of micropollutants have been widely detected because of continuous input of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) into the environment and newly developed state-of-the-art analytical methods. PPCP residues are frequently detected in drinking water sources, sewage treatment plants (STPs), and water treatment plants (WTPs) due to their universal consumption, low human metabolic capability, and improper disposal. When partially metabolized PPCPs are transferred into STPs, they elicit negative effects on biological treatment processes; therefore, conventional STPs are insufficient when it comes to PPCP removal. Furthermore, the excreted metabolites may become secondary pollutants and can be further modified in receiving water bodies. Several advanced treatment systems, including membrane filtration, granular activated carbon, and advanced oxidation processes, have been used for the effective removal of individual PPCPs. This review covers the occurrence patterns of PPCPs in water environments and the techniques adopted for their treatment in STP/WTP unit processes operating in various countries. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the removal and fate of PPCPs in different treatment facilities as well as the optimum methods for their elimination in STP and WTP systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI), Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Yiu Fai Tsang
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
227
|
Almeida HFD, Freire MG, Marrucho IM. Improved Monitoring of Aqueous Samples by the Concentration of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients using Ionic-Liquid-based Systems. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2017; 19:4651-4659. [PMID: 30271271 PMCID: PMC6157720 DOI: 10.1039/c7gc01954h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones (FQs) and Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are two classes of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs), widespreadly used in human healthcare and as veterinary drugs, and that have been found throughout the water cycle in the past years. These two classes of APIs are commonly present in aqueous streams in concentrations ranging from ng.L-1 to µg.L-1. Despite such low concentrations, these contaminants tend to bioaccumulate, leading to serious environmental and health issues after chronic exposure. The low concentrations of FQs and NSAIDs in aqueous media also render their difficult identification and quantification, wich may result in an unefficient evaluation of their environmental impact and persistence. Therefore, the development of alternative pre-treatment techniques for their extraction and concentration from aqueous samples is a crucial requirement. In this work, liquid-liquid systems, namely ionic-liquid-based aqueous biphasic systems (IL-based ABS), were tested as simultaneous extraction and concentration platforms of FQs and NSAIDs. ABS composed of imidazolium-, ammonium- and phosphonium-based ILs and a citrate-based salt (C6H5K3O7) were evaluated for the single-step extraction and concentration of three FQs (ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and norfloxacin) and three NSAIDs (diclofenac, naproxen and ketoprofen) from aqueous samples. Outstanding one-step extraction efficiencies of APIs close to 100% were obtained. Furthermore, concentration factors of both FQs and NSAIDs were optimized by an appropriate manipulation of the phase-forming components compositions to tailor the volumes of the coexisting phases. Concentration factors of 1000-fold of both FQS and NSAIDs were obtained in a single-step, without reaching the saturation of the IL-rich phase. The concentration of APIs up to the mg.L-1 allowed their easy and straightforward identification and quantification by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) coupled to an UV detector, as shown either with model aqueous samples or real wastewater effluent samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo F. D. Almeida
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mara G. Freire
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel M. Marrucho
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
228
|
Causanilles A, Kinyua J, Ruttkies C, van Nuijs ALN, Emke E, Covaci A, de Voogt P. Qualitative screening for new psychoactive substances in wastewater collected during a city festival using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 184:1186-1193. [PMID: 28672699 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The inclusion of new psychoactive substances (NPS) in the wastewater-based epidemiology approach presents challenges, such as the reduced number of users that translates into low concentrations of residues and the limited pharmacokinetics information available, which renders the choice of target biomarker difficult. The sampling during special social settings, the analysis with improved analytical techniques, and data processing with specific workflow to narrow the search, are required approaches for a successful monitoring. This work presents the application of a qualitative screening technique to wastewater samples collected during a city festival, where likely users of recreational substances gather and consequently higher residual concentrations of used NPS are expected. The analysis was performed using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. Data were processed using an algorithm that involves the extraction of accurate masses (calculated based on molecular formula) of expected m/z from an in-house database containing about 2,000 entries, including NPS and transformation products. We positively identified eight NPS belonging to the classes of synthetic cathinones, phenethylamines and opioids. In addition, the presence of benzodiazepine analogues, classical drugs and other licit substances with potential for abuse was confirmed. The screening workflow based on a database search was useful in the identification of NPS biomarkers in wastewater. The findings highlight the specific classical drugs and low NPS use in the Netherlands. Additionally, meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP), 2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromophenethylamine (2C-B), and 4-fluoroamphetamine (FA) were identified in wastewater for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Causanilles
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Chemical Water Quality and Health, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands; Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juliet Kinyua
- Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campus Drie Eiken, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christoph Ruttkies
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, IPB Halle, Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Weinberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Alexander L N van Nuijs
- Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campus Drie Eiken, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Erik Emke
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Chemical Water Quality and Health, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campus Drie Eiken, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pim de Voogt
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Chemical Water Quality and Health, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands; Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
229
|
Ding H, Wu Y, Zhang W, Zhong J, Lou Q, Yang P, Fang Y. Occurrence, distribution, and risk assessment of antibiotics in the surface water of Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 184:137-147. [PMID: 28586654 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
SPE-UPLC-MS/MS was used to investigate the occurrence of 18 target antibiotics in the surface water of Poyang Lake over different seasons of 2014-2015. The maximum concentrations of sulfadiazine, oxytetracycline, and doxycycline were 56.2, 48.7, and 39.7 ng/L, respectively. Compared with those in the other lakes or surface waters, the surface water of Poyang Lake contained moderate or below-average levels of antibiotics. The significantly lower concentrations (P < 0.01) of roxithromycin in June 2015 likely resulted from the dilution effect of water flow during the flood season. Antibiotic concentrations were higher in site P3-1 than in other sites (P < 0.01), whereas those in other sites (P1-1, P2-1, P5-1, P6-1, P7-1, P13-1, P16-1, P17-1, P18-1) were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Given that tetracyclines and sulfonamides are common veterinary medicines, the high concentrations of oxytetracycline, doxycycline, and sulfadiazine in site P3-1 might be closely related to agricultural production in the surrounding areas. The risk assessment of the main antibiotic contaminants revealed that the majority of the risk quotients of the target antibiotics were below 0.01, thereby indicating the minimal risk of these antibiotics to organisms at three different trophic levels. Sulfadimidine and sulfadiazine were identified as the main antibiotics that contribute to ecological risk in Poyang Lake, and that the daphnid is the main model organism exposed to these risks. This study provides important data for antibiotic pollution control and environmental protection in the study area and enriches environmental monitoring data on a global scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Ding
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Institute of Water Sciences, Nanchang 330029, People's Republic of China; Ministry of Water Resources Research Center of Poyang Lake Water Resources and Water Environment, Nanchang 330029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixiao Wu
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihao Zhang
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China; Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Resources Security, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiayou Zhong
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Institute of Water Sciences, Nanchang 330029, People's Republic of China; Ministry of Water Resources Research Center of Poyang Lake Water Resources and Water Environment, Nanchang 330029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qian Lou
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Institute of Water Sciences, Nanchang 330029, People's Republic of China; Ministry of Water Resources Research Center of Poyang Lake Water Resources and Water Environment, Nanchang 330029, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Institute of Water Sciences, Nanchang 330029, People's Republic of China; Ministry of Water Resources Research Center of Poyang Lake Water Resources and Water Environment, Nanchang 330029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Institute of Water Sciences, Nanchang 330029, People's Republic of China; Ministry of Water Resources Research Center of Poyang Lake Water Resources and Water Environment, Nanchang 330029, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
230
|
Fan T, Sun Y, Peng J, Wu Q, Ma Y, Zhou X. Combination of amplified rDNA restriction analysis and high-throughput sequencing revealed the negative effect of colistin sulfate on the diversity of soil microorganisms. Microbiol Res 2017; 206:9-15. [PMID: 29146264 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Colistin sulfate is widely used in both human and veterinary medicine. However, its effect on the microbial ecologyis unknown. In this study, we determined the effect of colistin sulfate on the diversity of soil microorganisms by amplified rDNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) and high-throughput sequencing.ARDRAshowed that the diversity of DNA from soil microorganisms was reduced after soil was treated with colistin sulfate, with the most dramatic reductionobserved after 35days of treatment. High-throughput sequencing showed that the Chao1 and abundance-based coverage estimators (ACE) were reduced in the soils treated with colistin sulfate for 35 dayscompared to those treated with colistin sulfate for 7days. Furthermore, Chao1 and ACE tended to be lower when higher concentration of colistin sulfate was used, suggesting that the microbial abundance is reduced by colistin sulfate in a dose-dependent manner. Shannon index showed that the diversity of soil microorganism was reduced upon treatment with colistin sulfate compared to the untreated control group. Following 7days of treatment, Bacillus, Clostridiumand Sphingomonas were sensitive to all the concentration of colistin sulfate used in this study. Following 35days of treatment, the abundance of Choroplast, Haliangium, Pseudomonas, Lactococcus, and Clostridium was significantly decreased. Our results demonstrated that colistin sulfate especially at high concentration (≥5mg/kg) could alter the population structure of microorganisms and consequently the microbial community function in soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingli Fan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine of Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Cangzhou Technical College, Cangzhou, 061001, China
| | - Yongxue Sun
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jinju Peng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine of Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Qun Wu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine of Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yi Ma
- Department of Veterinary Medicine of Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety/Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
231
|
García-Santiago X, Garrido JM, Lema JM, Franco-Uría A. Fate of pharmaceuticals in soil after application of STPs products: Influence of physicochemical properties and modelling approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 182:406-415. [PMID: 28511136 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Depurated effluents can be employed as reclaimed water for irrigation in regions with low precipitations, while nutrients-rich biosolids are usually applied as fertilizer for agricultural purposes. However, both practices may result in the accumulation of micropollutants in the soil compartment, the contamination of groundwater, and/or their biotransfer to different living organisms until they finally may reach human receptors. The fate and transport of seven pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) with different physicochemical properties was analysed for these scenarios employing two different models: the buckets model and the HYDRUS-1D software package. The results indicated that these compounds have a low potential to contaminate groundwater in the type of soil under study (silty loam), although triclosan tended to accumulate in the top layers of the soil. Similar conclusions were reached through both models, although they predicted different solute plant uptake and accumulation patterns of the evaluated compounds. Therefore, the buckets model can be considered as an adequate option to perform a screening level assessment of these compounds. However, HYDRUS-1D could provide more information on the fate of pharmaceuticals in soil, thus contributing to reduce the uncertainty already associated to PPCPs. Additionally, the significant difference of the Hazard Index (HI) obtained from a human health risk assessment performed using the estimated soil concentrations from both models also contributed to recommend the use of a model that considers all the relevant mechanisms of mass transfer to reduce overestimation of risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xela García-Santiago
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan M Garrido
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan M Lema
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Amaya Franco-Uría
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
232
|
Magnetic microsphere-based portable solid phase extraction device for on-site pre-concentration of organics from large-volume water samples. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8069. [PMID: 28808332 PMCID: PMC5556110 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08778-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research a new magnetic material called M88 was fully synthetized and characterized for the extraction of pharmaceutical and personal care products in water samples. In addition, a portable prototype of magnetic solidphase extraction (MSPE) device was developed for the onsite preconcentration. The MSPE coupling with high performance liquid chromatography-Diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) method was developed and validated for simultaneous analysis of 11 PPCPs (mefenamic acid, chloroamphenicol, ketoprofen, clofibric acid, indometacin, acetylsalicylic acid, bisphenol A, phenylphenol, gemfibrozil, triclosan, and ibuprofen) in environmental water samples. Experimental parameters affecting the extraction efficiencies, such as the amount of M88, desorption solvent, extraction time, and solution pH and sample volume were investigated. Under the optimal conditions, the limits of detection (LODs, S/N = 3) for the selected PPCPs were found to be in the range of 0.7-9.4 ng/L, with good linear correlation coefficients. It is also shown that the extraction efficiency of M88 was comparable to that of the commercial Oasis HLB and was evidently higher than that of the C18 cartridge. The optimised method was further verified by performing spiking experiments in water samples from Taihu Lake, with good recovery and reproducibility for all the compounds.
Collapse
|
233
|
Kosma CI, Lambropoulou DA, Albanis TA. Photochemical transformation and wastewater fate and occurrence of omeprazole: HRMS for elucidation of transformation products and target and suspect screening analysis in wastewaters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 590-591:592-601. [PMID: 28284641 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Omeprazole is one of the world-wide most frequently prescribed and administered pharmaceuticals in humans for the relief of gastro-intestinal disorders. Despite its high worldwide consumption, omeprazole is rarely detected in urban wastewaters and environmental waters. On the other hand, its human urinary metabolites and transformation products formed through abiotic processes in the environment have been recently documented. Despite these available data, however, there is still a lack of information on the extent of environmental fate and occurrence, on elimination mechanisms and efficiencies in waste water treatment plants. In this study, the relevance of photodegradation processes on the environmental persistence of omeprazole under simulated and solar irradiation was investigated. Photodegradation experiments were performed in distilled water, lake, river and seawater, and revealed that the different matrix in natural waters significantly affect the photolytic behavior of the investigated compound. Overall, the results highlight that photodegradation process by solar irradiation significantly contributes to omeprazole degradation and elimination from the aquatic environment. TPs formed through the process were identified and elucidated by using liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry. In total seven TPs were identified, among of which four were also detected as hydrolysis TPs. The Microtox bioassay showed that solar photolysis is efficient to detoxify omeprazole and its TPs in aqueous solutions. Finally, a systematic investigation was conducted in order to provide information on removal efficiency and occurrence of omeprazole and its metabolites/TPs in 8 WWTPs in North West Greece by performing target and suspect screening analysis. The findings revealed the presence of both parent compound and metabolites/TPs in wastewaters. Given, however, the scarce detection of omeprazole at fairly low concentration levels, from analytical and environmental point of view, further attention should be given to metabolites/TPs instead of the parent compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina I Kosma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Dimitra A Lambropoulou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Τhessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece.
| | | |
Collapse
|
234
|
Lu X, Shao Y, Gao N, Chen J, Zhang Y, Xiang H, Guo Y. Degradation of diclofenac by UV-activated persulfate process: Kinetic studies, degradation pathways and toxicity assessments. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 141:139-147. [PMID: 28340369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac (DCF) is the frequently detected non-steroidal pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. In this study, the degradation of DCF was evaluated by UV-254nm activated persulfate (UV/PS). The degradation of DCF followed the pseudo first-order kinetics pattern. The degradation rate constant (kobs) was accelerated by UV/PS compared to UV alone and PS alone. Increasing the initial PS dosage or solution pH significantly enhanced the degradation efficiency. Presence of various natural water constituents had different effects on DCF degradation, with an enhancement or inhibition in the presence of inorganic anions (HCO3- or Cl-) and a significant inhibition in the presence of NOM. In addition, preliminary degradation mechanisms and major products were elucidated using LC-MS/MS. Hydroxylation, decarbonylation, ring-opening and cyclation reaction involving the attack of SO4•- or other substances, were the main degradation mechanism. TOC analyzer and Microtox bioassay were employed to evaluate the mineralization and cytotoxicity of solutions treated by UV/PS at different times, respectively. Limited elimination of TOC (32%) was observed during the mineralization of DCF. More toxic degradation products and their related intermediate species were formed, and the UV/PS process was suitable for removing the toxicity. Of note, longer degradation time may be considered for the final toxicity removal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yisheng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; China Academy of Urban Planning & Design, Beijing, China.
| | - Naiyun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juxiang Chen
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yansen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiming Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youluo Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
235
|
Madikizela LM, Chimuka L. Occurrence of naproxen, ibuprofen, and diclofenac residues in wastewater and river water of KwaZulu-Natal Province in South Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 189:348. [PMID: 28639109 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-6069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The present paper reports a detailed study that is based on the monitoring of naproxen, ibuprofen, and diclofenac in Mbokodweni River and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located around the city of Durban in KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa. Target compounds were extracted from water samples using a multi-template molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction prior to separation and quantification on a high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with photo diode array detector. The analytical method yielded the detection limits of 0.15, 1.00, and 0.63 μg/L for naproxen, ibuprofen, and diclofenac, respectively. Solid-phase extraction method was evaluated for its performance using deionized water samples that were spiked with 5 and 50 μg/L of target compounds. Recoveries were greater than 80% for all target compounds with RSD values in the range of 4.1 to 10%. Target compounds were detected in most wastewater and river water samples with ibuprofen being the most frequently detected pharmaceutical. Maximum concentrations detected in river water for naproxen, ibuprofen, and diclofenac were 6.84, 19.2, and 9.69 μg/L, respectively. The concentrations of target compounds found in effluent and river water samples compared well with some studies. The analytical method employed in this work is fast, selective, sensitive, and affordable; therefore, it can be used routinely to evaluate the occurrence of acidic pharmaceuticals in South African water resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Mzukisi Madikizela
- Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, PO Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
- Molecular Sciences Institute, University of Witwatersrand, Private Bag x3, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa.
| | - Luke Chimuka
- Molecular Sciences Institute, University of Witwatersrand, Private Bag x3, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
236
|
Seitz W, Winzenbacher R. A survey on trace organic chemicals in a German water protection area and the proposal of relevant indicators for anthropogenic influences. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 189:244. [PMID: 28462476 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-5953-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive monitoring programme of trace organic chemicals (TOrC) was conducted for a German water protection area in karstic ground. The aim of this survey was to detect the potential anthropogenic influences of point sources such as wastewater treatment plants and diffuse pollution such as runoff water from roads on the raw water used for drinking water treatment. The programme comprised seven sampling campaigns within 2 years each with up to 20 sampling sites. In total, the programme included 84 anthropogenic compounds from pharmaceuticals, iodinated X-ray contrast media, sweeteners, industrial chemicals (benzotriazoles, melamines and benzothiazoles) and pesticide metabolites. Cyclamate occurred with the highest median concentration of 44 μg l-1 in untreated wastewater and acesulfame occurred with a concentration of 20 μg l-1 in treated wastewater. In runoff water from roads, the most relevant compounds were tolyltriazole with 2.3 μg l-1 and the desphenyl-chloridazon with 1.2 μg l-1. In the stream waters, the highest median concentrations were found for melamine and acesulfame both at 0.61 μg l-1. High elimination during conventional wastewater treatment was observed for 5 out of 49 compounds. These are acetyl-sulfamethoxazole, aciclovir, cyclamate, ibuprofen and saccharin. Based on the survey results, we propose a set of nine compounds to be used as indicators for wastewater, untreated wastewater and runoff water from roads for an efficient surveillance. The indicators are intended to detect anthropogenic influences in surface, ground and drinking water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram Seitz
- Zweckverband Landeswasserversorgung, Laboratory for Operation Control and Research, Am Spitzigen Berg 1, 89129, Langenau, Germany.
| | - Rudi Winzenbacher
- Zweckverband Landeswasserversorgung, Laboratory for Operation Control and Research, Am Spitzigen Berg 1, 89129, Langenau, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
237
|
Davis CA, Erickson PR, McNeill K, Janssen EML. Environmental photochemistry of fenamate NSAIDs and their radical intermediates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2017; 19:656-665. [PMID: 28401228 DOI: 10.1039/c7em00079k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Fenamates are a class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that are not fully removed during wastewater treatment and can be released to surface waters. Here, near-surface photochemical half-lives were evaluated to range from minutes to hours of four fenamates and the closely related diclofenac. While quantum yields for direct photochemical reactions at the water surface vary widely from 0.071 for diclofenac to <0.001 for mefenamic acid, all fenamates showed significant reactivity towards singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical with bimolecular reaction rate constants of 1.3-2.8 × 107 M-1 s-1 and 1.1-2.7 × 1010 M-1 s-1, respectively. Photodecay rates increased in the presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) for diclofenac (+19%), tolfenamic acid (+9%), and mefenamic acid (+95%), but decreased for flufenamic acid (-2%) and meclofenamic acid (-14%) after accounting for light screening effects. Fast reaction rate constants of all NSAIDs with model triplet sensitizers were quantified by laser flash photolysis. Here, the direct observation of diphenylamine radical intermediates by transient absorption spectroscopy demonstrates one-electron oxidation of all fenamates. Quenching rate constants of these radical intermediates by ascorbic acid, a model antioxidant, were also quantified. These observations suggest that the balance of oxidation by photoexcited triplet DOM and quenching of the formed radical intermediates by antioxidant moieties determines whether net sensitization or net quenching by DOM occurs in the photochemical degradation of fenamates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Davis
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
238
|
Ali AM, Rønning HT, Alarif W, Kallenborn R, Al-Lihaibi SS. Occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in effluent-dominated Saudi Arabian coastal waters of the Red Sea. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 175:505-513. [PMID: 28249192 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of selected pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and the pesticide atrazine were investigated in seawater samples collected from stations located at effluent dominated sites in the Saudi Arabian coastal waters of the Red Sea. PPCPs were analysed using solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by high performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). A multi component method for the ultra-trace level quantification of 13 target PPCPs in Seawater was developed and validated for the here performed study. The method procedure is described in detail in the supplementary material section. 26 samples from 7 distinct locations (2 directly influenced by continuous sewage release) were chosen for the sampling of surface seawater. Based upon local sales information, 25 target substances (20 PPCPs, 4 pesticides and 1 stimulant) were chosen for the here reported method development. Thirteen PPCPs were detected and quantified in a total of 26 seawater samples. Metformin, diclofenac, acetaminophen, and caffeine were identified as the most abundant PPCPs, detected in maximum concentration higher than 3 μg/L (upper quantification limit for the here developed method). Concentrations were in the range of 7- >3000 (metformin), <LOQ - 2379 ng/L (acetaminophen) and 62- >3000 ng/L (caffeine). The contribution of direct sewage release on the PPCP levels detected was obvious, the target PPCPs were detected in the Al-Arbaeen and Al-Shabab coastal lagoons in high concentrations due to the low water exchange with the open sea and still ongoing sewage releases in the lagoons. Also, substantial amounts of antibiotics were detected in all samples. Levels and distribution profile of the detected PPCPs revealed high level release rates and give raise to concern on potential environmental risks associated with the here document long term exposure on the fragile coastal marine environment of the region but particularly in the nearby protected coral reef environment outside the harbour region of Jeddah.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aasim M Ali
- Department of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, PO. Box 80207, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Helene Thorsen Rønning
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), PO Box 8146 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Walied Alarif
- Department of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, PO. Box 80207, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roland Kallenborn
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science (KBM), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, Christian M. Falsen veg 1, No-1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Sultan S Al-Lihaibi
- Department of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, PO. Box 80207, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
239
|
Yan S, Yao B, Lian L, Lu X, Snyder SA, Li R, Song W. Development of Fluorescence Surrogates to Predict the Photochemical Transformation of Pharmaceuticals in Wastewater Effluents. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:2738-2747. [PMID: 28199788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The photochemical transformation of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in wastewater effluents is an emerging concern for environmental scientists. In the current study, the photodegradation of 29 PPCPs was examined in effluents under simulated solar irradiation. Direct photodegradation, triplet state effluent organic matter (3EfOM*)-mediated and hydroxyl radical (HO•)-mediated degradation are three major pathways in the removal process. With the photodegradation of trace levels of PPCPs, the excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence intensities of the effluents were also gradually reduced. Therefore, fluorescence peaks have been identified, for the first time, as appropriate surrogates to assess the photodegradation of PPCPs. The humic-like fluorescence peak is linked to direct photolysis-labile PPCPs, such as naproxen, ronidazole, diclofenac, ornidazole, tinidazole, chloramphenicol, flumequine, ciprofloxacin, methadone, and dimetridazole. The tyrosine-like EEM peak is associated with HO•/CO3•--labile PPCPs, such as trimethoprim, ibuprofen, gemfibrozil, atenolol, carbamazepine, and cephalexin. The tryptophan-like peak is associated with 3EfOM*-labile PPCPs, such as clenbuterol, metoprolol, venlafaxine, bisphenol A, propranolol, ractopamine, salbutamol, roxithromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, famotidine, terbutaline, and erythromycin. The reduction in EEM fluorescence correlates well with the removal of PPCPs, allowing a model to be constructed. The solar-driven removal of EEM fluorescence was applied to predict the attenuation of 11 PPCPs in five field samples. A close correlation between the predicted results and the experimental results suggests that fluorescence may be a suitable surrogate for monitoring the solar-driven photodegradation of PPCPs in effluents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Yan
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Bo Yao
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Lushi Lian
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xinchen Lu
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Shane A Snyder
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Weihua Song
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
240
|
Almeida HFD, Marrucho IM, Freire MG. Removal of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs from Aqueous Environments with Reusable Ionic-Liquid-based Systems. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2017; 5:2428-2436. [PMID: 30271684 PMCID: PMC6159872 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b02771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In the current era of human life, we have been facing an increased consumption of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs). Nevertheless, NSAIDs are not completely metabolized by humans and are further excreted into domestical effluents. Several studies have been showing that a wide variety of pharmaceuticals are present in water effluents and are thus a matter of serious concern in the public health. Although treatment plants use sophisticated technologies for pollutants/contaminants removal, none of these processes was particularly designed for NSAIDs. In this perspective, this work addresses the use of a liquid-liquid extraction approach, employing ionic liquids (ILs), for the removal of NSAIDs from aqueous media. In particular, aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) composed of ILs and aluminium-based salts, which are already used in water treatment plants, were tested for the removal of diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen and ketoprofen. With these systems, extraction efficiencies of NSAIDs up to 100% were obtained in a single-step. The recovery of NSAIDs from the IL medium and the recyclability of the IL-rich phase were then ascertained to guarantee the development of a more sustainable and cost-effective strategy. Based on the remarkable increase in the solubility of NSAIDs in the IL-rich phase (from a 300- to a 4100-fold when compared with pure water), water was then studied as an effective anti-solvent, and where single-step recovery percentages of NSAIDs from the IL-rich phase up to 91% were obtained. After the "cleaning" of the IL-rich phase by the induced precipitation of NSAIDs, the phase-forming components were recovered and reused in four consecutive cycles, with no detected losses on both the extraction efficiency and recovery of NSAIDs by induced precipitation. Finally, an integrated process is here proposed, which comprises the (i) removal of NSAIDs from aqueous media, (ii) the cleaning of the IL-rich phase by the recovery of NSAIDs by induced precipitation, and (iii) the phase-forming components recycling and reuse, aiming at unlocking new doors for alternative treatment strategies of aqueous environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo F. D. Almeida
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Isabel M. Marrucho
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mara G. Freire
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Corresponding Author: ; Tel: +351-234-401422; Fax: +351-234-370084
| |
Collapse
|
241
|
Veiga-Gómez M, Nebot C, Franco CM, Miranda JM, Vázquez B, Cepeda A. Identification and quantification of 12 pharmaceuticals in water collected from milking parlors: Food safety implications. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:3373-3383. [PMID: 28259402 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of drug residues into the food chain and their presence in drinking water has been recently investigated. The aim of this work was to monitor the presence of 19 active drugs in water samples collected from milking parlors of dairy farms located in Galicia (northwest Spain), one of the main Spanish milking areas. Overall, 65% of the samples tested positive for at least one of the compounds analyzed. A total of 12 drugs were measured, with concentrations ranging between 17 and 3,941 ng/L. Considering that a mixture of compounds may contribute to the overall effect of each compound and might increase or reduce its toxicity, it should be noted that 29% of the samples tested contained more than one pharmaceutical. To date, the effects of the continuous consumption of these mixtures of drugs in water or milk are unknown; however, antimicrobials may affect the human gut microbiota or have toxic effects in sensitive individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Veiga-Gómez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Pavillón 4, Planta Baixa, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Carolina Nebot
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Pavillón 4, Planta Baixa, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Carlos Manuel Franco
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Pavillón 4, Planta Baixa, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Miranda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Pavillón 4, Planta Baixa, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Vázquez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Pavillón 4, Planta Baixa, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Alberto Cepeda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Pavillón 4, Planta Baixa, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
242
|
Xu Y, Yuan Z, Ni BJ. Biotransformation of acyclovir by an enriched nitrifying culture. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 170:25-32. [PMID: 27974268 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This work evaluates the biodegradation of the antiviral drug acyclovir by an enriched nitrifying culture during ammonia oxidation and without the addition of ammonium. The study on kinetics was accompanied with the structural elucidation of biotransformation products through batch biodegradation experiments at two different initial levels of acyclovir (15 mg L-1 and 15 μg L-1). The pseudo first order kinetic studies of acyclovir in the presence of ammonium indicated the higher degradation rates under higher ammonia oxidation rates than those constant degradation rates in the absence of ammonium. The positive correlation was found between acyclovir degradation rate and ammonia oxidation rate, confirming the cometabolism of acyclovir by the enriched nitrifying culture in the presence of ammonium. Formation of the product carboxy-acyclovir (P239) indicated the main biotransformation pathway was aerobic oxidation of the terminal hydroxyl group, which was independent on the metabolic type (i.e. cometabolism or metabolism). This enzyme-linked reaction might be catalyzed by monooxygenase from ammonia oxidizing bacteria or heterotrophs. The formation of carboxy-acyclovir was demonstrated to be irrelevant to the acyclovir concentrations applied, indicating the revealed biotransformation pathway might be the dominant removal pathway of acyclovir in wastewater treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Xu
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
243
|
Recent Advances in the Use of Chemical Markers for Tracing Wastewater Contamination in Aquatic Environment: A Review. WATER 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/w9020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
244
|
Cunha V, Burkhardt-Medicke K, Wellner P, Santos MM, Moradas-Ferreira P, Luckenbach T, Ferreira M. Effects of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) on multixenobiotic resistance (MXR) related efflux transporter activity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 136:14-23. [PMID: 27810576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Certain ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins, such as zebrafish Abcb4, are efflux pumps acting as a cellular defence against a wide range of different, potentially toxic chemical compounds thus mediating so called multixenobiotic resistance (MXR). Certain chemicals target MXR proteins and, as so called chemosensitisers, inhibit the activity of these proteins thus increasing the toxicity of other chemicals that would normally be effluxed. In this study 14 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) that are being increasingly detected in aquatic systems, were assessed for interference with the MXR system of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Concentration dependent effects of test compounds were recorded with the dye accumulation assay using zebrafish embryos and in ATPase assays with recombinant zebrafish Abcb4. In the dye accumulation assay embryos at 24h post fertilisation (hpf) were exposed to 8µm rhodamine 123 along with test compounds for 2h. The rhodamine 123 tissue levels upon the exposure served as a measure for MXR transporter efflux activity of the embryo (low rhodamine levels - high activity; high levels - low activity). The known ABC protein inhibitors MK571, vinblastine and verapamil served as positive controls. All tested PPCPs affected rhodamine 123 accumulation in embryos. For seven compounds rhodamine tissue levels were either both decreased and increased depending on the compound concentration indicating both stimulation and inhibition of rhodamine 123 efflux by those compounds, only increased (inhibition, six compounds) or only decreased (stimulation, one compound). Recombinant zebrafish Abcb4 was obtained with the baculovirus expression system and PPCPs were tested for stimulation/inhibition of basal transporter ATPase activity and for inhibition of the transporter ATPase activity stimulated with verapamil. Eight of the tested PPCPs showed effects on Abcb4 ATPase activity indicating that their effects in the dye accumulation assay may have indeed resulted from interference with Abcb4-mediated rhodamine 123 efflux. Slight stimulatory effects were found for musk xylene, nerol, isoeugenol, α-amylcinnamaldehyde, α-hexylcinnamaldehyde and simvastatin indicating Abcb4 substrate/competitive inhibitor properties of those compounds. Likewise, decreases of the verapamil-stimulated Abcb4 ATPase activity by diclofenac and fluoxetine may indicate competitive transporter inhibition. Sertraline inhibited the basal and verapamil-stimulated Abcb4 ATPase activities suggesting its property as non-competitive Abcb4 inhibitor. Taken together, our finding that chemically diverse PPCPs interfere with MXR efflux activity of zebrafish indicates that (1) efflux transporters may influence bioaccumulation of many PPCPs in fish and that (2) many PPCPs may act as chemosensitisers. Furthermore, it appears that interference of PPCPs with efflux activity in zebrafish embryos is not only from effects on Abcb4 but also on other efflux transporter subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Cunha
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Coastal and Marine Environmental Toxicology Lab, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS/UP-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Largo Professor Abel Salazar, 2, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal.
| | - K Burkhardt-Medicke
- UFZ-Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Technische Universitaet Dresden, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - P Wellner
- UFZ-Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - M M Santos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Coastal and Marine Environmental Toxicology Lab, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; FCUP-Dept of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; 5IBMC-Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - P Moradas-Ferreira
- ICBAS/UP-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Largo Professor Abel Salazar, 2, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal; I3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IBMC, Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Porto, Portugal
| | - T Luckenbach
- UFZ-Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Ferreira
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Coastal and Marine Environmental Toxicology Lab, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; School of Marine Studies, Faculty of Science, Technology and Environment, The University of South Pacific, Laucala Bay Road, Suva, Fiji Islands
| |
Collapse
|
245
|
Chen W, Li X, Pan Z, Ma S, Li L. Synthesis of MnOx/SBA-15 for Norfloxacin degradation by catalytic ozonation. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
246
|
Hachi M, Chergui A, Yeddou AR, Selatnia A, Cabana H. Removal of acetaminophen and carbamazepine in single and binary systems with immobilized laccase from Trametes hirsuta. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2017.1280032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hachi
- Laboratoire d’Étude et de Développement des Techniques de Traitement et d’Épuration des Eaux et de Gestion Environnementale (LEDTEGE), Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure Kouba, Alger, Algérie
- Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Département de Biologie, Université Ziane Achour de Djelfa, Djelfa, Algérie
| | - Abdelmalek Chergui
- Laboratoire d’Étude et de Développement des Techniques de Traitement et d’Épuration des Eaux et de Gestion Environnementale (LEDTEGE), Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure Kouba, Alger, Algérie
- Laboratoire des Sciences et Techniques de l’Environnement, Département Génie de l’Environnement, École Nationale Polytechnique, Alger, Algérie
| | - Ahmed Reda Yeddou
- Laboratoire d’Étude et de Développement des Techniques de Traitement et d’Épuration des Eaux et de Gestion Environnementale (LEDTEGE), Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure Kouba, Alger, Algérie
- Département Génie de l’Environnement, Université M’Hamed Bougara, Boumerdès, Boumerdès, Algérie; and
| | - Ammar Selatnia
- Laboratoire des Sciences et Techniques de l’Environnement, Département Génie de l’Environnement, École Nationale Polytechnique, Alger, Algérie
| | - Hubert Cabana
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
247
|
Chhipi-Shrestha G, Hewage K, Sadiq R. Microbial quality of reclaimed water for urban reuses: Probabilistic risk-based investigation and recommendations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 576:738-751. [PMID: 27810759 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Although Canada has abundant freshwater resources, many cities still experience seasonal water shortage. Supply-side and demand-side management is a core strategy to address this water shortage. Under this strategy, reclaimed water, which the Canadian public is willing to use for non-potable purposes, is an option. However, no universal guidelines exist for reclaimed water use. Despite the federal government's long-term goal to develop guidelines for many water reuse applications, guidelines have only been prescribed for reclaimed water use in toilet and urinal flushing in Canada. At the provincial level, British Columbia (BC) has promulgated guidelines for wide applications of reclaimed water but only at broad class levels. This research has investigated and proposed probabilistic risk-based recommended values for microbial quality of reclaimed water in various non-potable urban reuses. The health risk was estimated by using quantitative microbial risk assessment. Two-dimensional Monte Carlo simulations were used in the analysis to include variability and uncertainty in input data. The proposed recommended values are based on the indicator organism E. coli. The required treatment levels for reuse were also estimated. In addition, the recommended values were successfully applied to three wastewater treatment effluents in the Okanagan Valley, BC, Canada. The health risks associated with other bacterial pathogens (Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella spp.), virus (adenovirus, norovirus, and rotavirus), and protozoa (Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia spp.), were also estimated. The estimated risks indicate the effectiveness of the E. coli-based water quality recommended values. Sensitivity analysis shows the pathogenic E. coli ratio and morbidity are the most sensitive input parameters for all water reuses. The proposed recommended values could be further improved by using national or regional data on water exposures, disease burden per case, and the susceptibility fraction of population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gyan Chhipi-Shrestha
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada.
| | - Kasun Hewage
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Rehan Sadiq
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
248
|
Harbi K, Makridis P, Koukoumis C, Papadionysiou M, Vgenis T, Kornaros M, Ntaikou I, Giokas S, Dailianis S. Evaluation of a battery of marine species-based bioassays against raw and treated municipal wastewaters. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 321:537-546. [PMID: 27676080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluates a battery of marine species-based bioassays against chemically characterized municipal wastewater samples (raw and WWTP treated). We estimated Dunaliella tertiolecta growth rate inhibition (24-96h IC50 values), Artemia franciscana immobilization (24h LC50 values), mussel hemocytes viability and lipid peroxidation enhancement (in terms of neutral red retention assay/NRRT and malondialdehyde/MDA content, respectively) in influent- and WWTP effluent-treated species. We found algal growth arrest and stimulation respectively, almost similar 24hLC50 values in Artemia sp., and significantly higher adverse effects (in terms of NRRT and MDA levels) in influent-treated mussel hemocytes. Furthermore, the estimation of hatchability, yolk-sac larvae mortality (24-120hLC50) and spinal deformities (SD) in sea bream Sparus aurata showed slight variations over time, with the lowest LC50 and SD50 (representing spinal deformities at 50% of yolk-sac larvae) values to be observed in influent-treated larvae at 120h. Data interpretation (both chemical and biological) revealed that toxic endpoints, such as NRRT50, 96hIC50Dun, 120hLC50Sparus and 120hSD50Sparus, significantly related to WWTP removal efficiency and further mediated by the presence of dominant compounds, such as As and Cr, could be used for identifying main components of toxicity in wastewaters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kassiani Harbi
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, GR 26 500, Greece
| | - Pavlos Makridis
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, GR 26 500, Greece
| | - Christos Koukoumis
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori St., University Campus, GR 26 500, Patras, Greece
| | - Marina Papadionysiou
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori St., University Campus, GR 26 500, Patras, Greece
| | - Theodoros Vgenis
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori St., University Campus, GR 26 500, Patras, Greece
| | - Michael Kornaros
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori St., University Campus, GR 26 500, Patras, Greece
| | - Ioanna Ntaikou
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation of Research & Technology Hellas (ICEHT/FORTH), 10 Stadiou St., Platani, GR 26 504, Patras, Greece
| | - Sinos Giokas
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, GR 26 500, Greece
| | - Stefanos Dailianis
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, GR 26 500, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
249
|
Wu D, Yao J, Lu G, Liu F, Zhou C, Zhang P, Nkoom M. Adsorptive removal of aqueous bezafibrate by magnetic ferrite modified carbon nanotubes. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra07260k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MFe2O4/CNTs were synthesized and successfully applied for the removal of aqueous bezafibrate. The adsorption behavior and mechanism were elucidated in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donghai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education
- College of Environment
- Hohai University
- Nanjing 210098
- China
| | - Jingjing Yao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education
- College of Environment
- Hohai University
- Nanjing 210098
- China
| | - Guanghua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education
- College of Environment
- Hohai University
- Nanjing 210098
- China
| | - Fuli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education
- College of Environment
- Hohai University
- Nanjing 210098
- China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education
- College of Environment
- Hohai University
- Nanjing 210098
- China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Henan Province Hydrology and Water Resources Bureau
- Zhengzhou
- China
| | - Matthew Nkoom
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education
- College of Environment
- Hohai University
- Nanjing 210098
- China
| |
Collapse
|
250
|
Johnson AC, Jürgens MD, Nakada N, Hanamoto S, Singer AC, Tanaka H. Linking changes in antibiotic effluent concentrations to flow, removal and consumption in four different UK sewage treatment plants over four years. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:919-926. [PMID: 27839989 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The arrival and discharge of seven antibiotics were monitored at two trickling filter sewage treatment plants of 6000 and 11,000 population equivalents (PE) and two activated sludge plants of 33,000 and 162,000 PE in Southern England. The investigation consisted of 24 h composite samples taken on two separate days every summer from 2012 to 2015 and in the winter of 2015 (January) from influent and effluent. The average influent concentrations generally matched predictions based on England-wide prescription data for trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, azithromycin, oxytetracycline and levofloxacin (within 3-fold), but were 3-10 times less for clarithromycin, whilst tetracycline influent concentrations were 5-17 times greater than expected. Over the four years, effluent concentrations at a single sewage plant varied by up to 16-fold for clarithromycin, 10-fold for levofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole, 7-fold for oxytetracycline, 6-fold for tetracycline, 4-fold for azithromycin and 3-fold for trimethoprim. The study attempted to identify the principal reasons for this variation in effluent concentration. By measuring carbamazepine and using it as a conservative indicator of transport through the treatment process, it was found that flow and hence concentration could alter by up to 5-fold. Measuring influent and effluent concentrations allowed assessments to be made of removal efficiency. In the two activated sludge plants, antibiotic removal rates were similar for the tested antibiotics but could vary by several-fold at the trickling filter plants. However, for clarithromycin and levofloxacin the variations in effluent concentration were above that which could be explained by either flow and/or removal alone so here year on year changes in consumption are likely to have played a role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Johnson
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, United Kingdom.
| | - Monika D Jürgens
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - Norihide Nakada
- Research Centre for Environmental Quality Management, Kyoto University, 1-2 Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga 520-0811, Japan
| | - Seiya Hanamoto
- Research Centre for Environmental Quality Management, Kyoto University, 1-2 Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga 520-0811, Japan
| | - Andrew C Singer
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - Hiroaki Tanaka
- Research Centre for Environmental Quality Management, Kyoto University, 1-2 Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga 520-0811, Japan
| |
Collapse
|