201
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Zhou W, Lozano-Torres JL, Blilou I, Zhang X, Zhai Q, Smant G, Li C, Scheres B. A Jasmonate Signaling Network Activates Root Stem Cells and Promotes Regeneration. Cell 2019; 177:942-956.e14. [PMID: 30955889 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Plants are sessile and have to cope with environmentally induced damage through modification of growth and defense pathways. How tissue regeneration is triggered in such responses and whether this involves stem cell activation is an open question. The stress hormone jasmonate (JA) plays well-established roles in wounding and defense responses. JA also affects growth, which is hitherto interpreted as a trade-off between growth and defense. Here, we describe a molecular network triggered by wound-induced JA that promotes stem cell activation and regeneration. JA regulates organizer cell activity in the root stem cell niche through the RBR-SCR network and stress response protein ERF115. Moreover, JA-induced ERF109 transcription stimulates CYCD6;1 expression, functions upstream of ERF115, and promotes regeneration. Soil penetration and response to nematode herbivory induce and require this JA-mediated regeneration response. Therefore, the JA tissue damage response pathway induces stem cell activation and regeneration and activates growth after environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkun Zhou
- Laboratory of Plant Developmental Biology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands; State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jose L Lozano-Torres
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ikram Blilou
- Laboratory of Plant Developmental Biology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands; KAUST, Thuwall 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qingzhe Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Geert Smant
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Chuanyou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Ben Scheres
- Laboratory of Plant Developmental Biology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands; Rijk Zwaan R&D, 4793 RS Fijnaart, the Netherlands.
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202
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Prostaglandin signaling regulates renal multiciliated cell specification and maturation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:8409-8418. [PMID: 30948642 PMCID: PMC6486750 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1813492116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiciliated cells (MCCs) have core roles in organ formation and function, where they control fluid flow and particle displacement. MCCs direct fluid movement in the brain and spinal cord, clearance of respiratory mucus, and ovum transport from the ovary to the uterus. Deficiencies in MCC functionality lead to hydrocephalus, chronic respiratory infections, and infertility. Prostaglandins are lipids that are used to coordinate cellular functions. Here, we discovered that prostaglandin signaling is required for MCC development in the embryonic zebrafish kidney. Understanding renal MCC genesis can lend insights into the puzzling origins of MCCs in several chronic kidney diseases, where it is unclear whether MCCs are a cause or phenotypic outcome of the condition. Multiciliated cells (MCCs) are specialized epithelia with apical bundles of motile cilia that direct fluid flow. MCC dysfunction is associated with human diseases of the respiratory, reproductive, and central nervous systems. Further, the appearance of renal MCCs has been cataloged in several kidney conditions, where their function is unknown. Despite their pivotal health importance, many aspects of MCC development remain poorly understood. Here, we utilized a chemical screen to identify molecules that affect MCC ontogeny in the zebrafish embryo kidney, and found prostaglandin signaling is essential both for renal MCC progenitor formation and terminal differentiation. Moreover, we show that prostaglandin activity is required downstream of the transcription factor ets variant 5a (etv5a) during MCC fate choice, where modulating prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels rescued MCC number. The discovery that prostaglandin signaling mediates renal MCC development has broad implications for other tissues, and could provide insight into a multitude of pathological states.
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203
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Developing zebrafish disease models for in vivo small molecule screens. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2019; 50:37-44. [PMID: 30928773 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish is a model organism that allows in vivo studies to be performed at a scale usually restricted to in vitro studies. As such, the zebrafish is well suited to in vivo screens, in which thousands of small molecules are tested for their ability to modify disease phenotypes in zebrafish disease models. Numerous approaches have been developed for modeling human diseases in zebrafish, including mutagenesis, transgenesis, pharmacological approaches, wounding, and exposure to infectious or cancerous agents. We review the various strategies for modeling human diseases in zebrafish and discuss important considerations when developing zebrafish models for use in in vivo small molecule screens.
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204
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Evans RJ, Pline K, Loynes CA, Needs S, Aldrovandi M, Tiefenbach J, Bielska E, Rubino RE, Nicol CJ, May RC, Krause HM, O’Donnell VB, Renshaw SA, Johnston SA. 15-keto-prostaglandin E2 activates host peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) to promote Cryptococcus neoformans growth during infection. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007597. [PMID: 30921435 PMCID: PMC6438442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is one of the leading causes of invasive fungal infection in humans worldwide. C. neoformans uses macrophages as a proliferative niche to increase infective burden and avoid immune surveillance. However, the specific mechanisms by which C. neoformans manipulates host immunity to promote its growth during infection remain ill-defined. Here we demonstrate that eicosanoid lipid mediators manipulated and/or produced by C. neoformans play a key role in regulating pathogenesis. C. neoformans is known to secrete several eicosanoids that are highly similar to those found in vertebrate hosts. Using eicosanoid deficient cryptococcal mutants Δplb1 and Δlac1, we demonstrate that prostaglandin E2 is required by C. neoformans for proliferation within macrophages and in vivo during infection. Genetic and pharmacological disruption of host PGE2 synthesis is not required for promotion of cryptococcal growth by eicosanoid production. We find that PGE2 must be dehydrogenated into 15-keto-PGE2 to promote fungal growth, a finding that implicated the host nuclear receptor PPAR-γ. C. neoformans infection of macrophages activates host PPAR-γ and its inhibition is sufficient to abrogate the effect of 15-keto-PGE2 in promoting fungal growth during infection. Thus, we describe the first mechanism of reliance on pathogen-derived eicosanoids in fungal pathogenesis and the specific role of 15-keto-PGE2 and host PPAR-γ in cryptococcosis. Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that is responsible for significant numbers of deaths in the immunocompromised population worldwide. Here we address whether eicosanoids produced by C. neoformans manipulate host innate immune cells during infection. Cryptococcus neoformans produces several eicosanoids that are notable for their similarity to vertebrate eicosanoids, it is therefore possible that fungal-derived eicosanoids may provoke physiological effects in the host. Using a combination of in vitro and in vivo infection models we identify a specific eicosanoid species—prostaglandin E2 –that is required by C. neoformans for growth during infection. We subsequently show that prostaglandin E2 must be converted to 15-keto-prostaglandin E2 within the host before it has these effects. Furthermore, we find that prostaglandin E2/15-keto-prostaglandin E2 mediated virulence is via activation of host PPAR-γ –an intracellular eicosanoid receptor known to interact with 15-keto-PGE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Evans
- Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Pline
- Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine A. Loynes
- Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Needs
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Maceler Aldrovandi
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, and Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, United Kingdom
| | - Jens Tiefenbach
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, The Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research (CCBR), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- InDanio Bioscience Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ewa Bielska
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel E. Rubino
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher J. Nicol
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robin C. May
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Henry M. Krause
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, The Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research (CCBR), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- InDanio Bioscience Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Valerie B. O’Donnell
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, and Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen A. Renshaw
- Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Simon A. Johnston
- Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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205
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Hayashi Y, Sezaki M, Takizawa H. Development of the hematopoietic system: Role of inflammatory factors. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2019; 8:e341. [PMID: 30916895 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have two defining features, multipotency and self-renewal, both of which are tightly controlled by cell autonomous programs and environmental factors throughout the lifetime of an organism. During development, HSCs are born in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region, and migrate to distinct hematopoietic organs such as the placenta, fetal liver and spleen, continuously self-renewing and expanding to reach a homeostatic number. HSCs ultimately seed the bone marrow around the time of birth and become dormant to sustain lifelong hematopoiesis. In this review, we will summarize the recent findings on the role of inflammatory factors regulating HSC development, that is, emergence, trafficking and differentiation. An understanding of HSC kinetics during developmental processes will provide useful knowledge on HSC behavior under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. This article is categorized under: Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Regeneration Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Tissue Stem Cells and Niches Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Environmental Control of Stem Cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Hayashi
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Maiko Sezaki
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takizawa
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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206
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Langevin C, Boudinot P, Collet B. IFN Signaling in Inflammation and Viral Infections: New Insights from Fish Models. Viruses 2019; 11:v11030302. [PMID: 30917538 PMCID: PMC6466407 DOI: 10.3390/v11030302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The overarching structure of the type I interferon (IFN) system is conserved across vertebrates. However, the variable numbers of whole genome duplication events during fish evolution offer opportunities for the expansion, diversification, and new functionalization of the genes that are involved in antiviral immunity. In this review, we examine how fish models provide new insights about the implication of virus-driven inflammation in immunity and hematopoiesis. Mechanisms that have been discovered in fish, such as the strong adjuvant effect of type I IFN that is used with DNA vaccination, constitute good models to understand how virus-induced inflammatory mechanisms can interfere with adaptive responses. We also comment on new discoveries regarding the role of pathogen-induced inflammation in the development and guidance of hematopoietic stem cells in zebrafish. These findings raise issues about the potential interferences of viral infections with the establishment of the immune system. Finally, the recent development of genome editing provides new opportunities to dissect the roles of the key players involved in the antiviral response in fish, hence enhancing the power of comparative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Langevin
- INRA, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Pierre Boudinot
- INRA, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Bertrand Collet
- INRA, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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207
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Mahony CB, Bertrand JY. How HSCs Colonize and Expand in the Fetal Niche of the Vertebrate Embryo: An Evolutionary Perspective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:34. [PMID: 30915333 PMCID: PMC6422921 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can self-renew, establish the entire blood system and represent the basis of regenerative medicine applied to hematological disorders. Clinical use of HSCs is however limited by their inefficient expansion ex vivo, creating a need to further understand HSC expansion in vivo. After embryonic HSCs are born from the hemogenic endothelium, they migrate to the embryonic/fetal niche, where the future adult HSC pool is established by considerable expansion. This takes place at different anatomical sites and is controlled by numerous signals. HSCs then migrate to their adult niche, where they are maintained throughout adulthood. Exactly how HSC expansion is controlled during embryogenesis remains to be characterized and is an important step to improve the therapeutic use of HSCs. We will review the current knowledge of HSC expansion in the different fetal niches across several model organisms and highlight possible clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Mahony
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, CMU, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julien Y Bertrand
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, CMU, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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208
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Gene therapy targeting haematopoietic stem cells for inherited diseases: progress and challenges. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2019; 18:447-462. [DOI: 10.1038/s41573-019-0020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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209
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Lucas D. Leukocyte Trafficking and Regulation of Murine Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Their Niches. Front Immunol 2019; 10:387. [PMID: 30891044 PMCID: PMC6412148 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are the most powerful type of adult stem cell found in the body. Hematopoietic stem cells are multipotent and capable of giving rise to all other types of hematopoietic cells found in the organism. A single HSC is capable of regenerating a functional hematopoietic system when transplanted into a recipient. Hematopoietic stem cells reside in the bone marrow in specific multicellular structures called niches. These niches are indispensable for maintaining and regulating HSC numbers and function. It has become increasingly clearer that HSC and their niches can also be regulated by migrating leukocytes. Here we will discuss the composition of murine bone marrow niches and how HSC and their niches are regulated by different types of leukocytes that traffic between the periphery and the niche. Unless otherwise indicated all the studies discussed below were performed in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lucas
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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210
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Hoffman CM, Han J, Calvi LM. Impact of aging on bone, marrow and their interactions. Bone 2019; 119:1-7. [PMID: 30010082 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis in land dwelling vertebrates and marine mammals occurs within the bone marrow, continually providing mature progeny over the course of an organism's lifetime. This conserved dependency highlights the critical relationship between these two organs, yet the skeletal and hematopoietic systems are often thought of as separate. In fact, data are beginning to show that skeletal disease pathogenesis influences hematopoiesis and viceversa, offering novel opportunities to approach disease affecting bone and blood. With a growing global population of aged individuals, interest has focused on cell autonomous changes in hematopoietic and skeletal systems that result in dysfunction. The purpose of this review is to summarize the literature on aging effects in both fields, and provide critical examples of organ cross-talk in the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey M Hoffman
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Jimin Han
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Laura M Calvi
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America.
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211
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Seda M, Geerlings M, Lim P, Jeyabalan-Srikaran J, Cichon AC, Scambler PJ, Beales PL, Hernandez-Hernandez V, Stoker AW, Jenkins D. An FDA-Approved Drug Screen for Compounds Influencing Craniofacial Skeletal Development and Craniosynostosis. Mol Syndromol 2019; 10:98-114. [PMID: 30976283 PMCID: PMC6422125 DOI: 10.1159/000491567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural crest stem/progenitor cells (NCSCs) populate a variety of tissues, and their dysregulation is implicated in several human diseases including craniosynostosis and neuroblastoma. We hypothesised that small molecules that inhibit NCSC induction or differentiation may represent potential therapeutically relevant drugs in these disorders. We screened 640 FDA-approved compounds currently in clinical use for other conditions to identify those which disrupt development of NCSC-derived skeletal elements that form the zebrafish jaw. In the primary screen, we used heterozygous transgenic sox10:gfp zebrafish to directly visualise NCSC-derived jaw cartilage. We noted partial toxicity of this transgene in relation to jaw patterning, suggesting that our primary screen was sensitised for NCSC defects, and we confirmed 10 novel, 4 previously reported, and 2 functional analogue drug hits in wild-type embryos. Of these drugs, 9/14 and 7/14, respectively, are known to target pathways implicated in osteoarthritis pathogenesis or to cause reduced bone mineral density/increased fracture risk as side effects in patients treated for other conditions, suggesting that our screen enriched for pathways targeting skeletal tissue homeostasis. We selected one drug that inhibited NCSC induction and one drug that inhibits bone mineralisation for further detailed analyses which reflect our initial hypotheses. These drugs were leflunomide and cyclosporin A, respectively, and their functional analogues, teriflunomide and FK506 (tacrolimus). We identified their critical developmental windows of activity, showing that the severity of defects observed related to the timing, duration, and dose of treatment. While leflunomide has previously been shown to inhibit NCSC induction, we demonstrate additional later roles in cartilage remodelling. Both drugs altered expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinases. As proof-of-concept, we also tested drug treatment of disease-relevant mammalian cells. While leflunomide treatment inhibited the viability of several human NCSC-derived neuroblastoma cell lines coincident with altered expression of genes involved in ribosome biogenesis and transcription, FK506 enhanced murine calvarial osteoblast differentiation and prevented fusion of the coronal suture in calvarial explants taken from Crouzon syndrome mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Seda
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Maartje Geerlings
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Peggy Lim
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | - Ann-Christin Cichon
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programmes, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Peter J. Scambler
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programmes, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Philip L. Beales
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | - Andrew W. Stoker
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programmes, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Dagan Jenkins
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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212
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Dissecting metabolism using zebrafish models of disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2019; 47:305-315. [PMID: 30700500 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are becoming an increasingly powerful model organism to study the role of metabolism in disease. Since its inception, the zebrafish model has relied on unique attributes such as the transparency of embryos, high fecundity and conservation with higher vertebrates, to perform phenotype-driven chemical and genetic screens. In this review, we describe how zebrafish have been used to reveal novel mechanisms by which metabolism regulates embryonic development, obesity, fatty liver disease and cancer. In addition, we will highlight how new approaches in advanced microscopy, transcriptomics and metabolomics using zebrafish as a model system have yielded fundamental insights into the mechanistic underpinnings of disease.
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213
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Lemoine M, Pradeu T. Dissecting the Meanings of "Physiology" to Assess the Vitality of the Discipline. Physiology (Bethesda) 2019; 33:236-245. [PMID: 29873600 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00015.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maël Lemoine
- ImmunoConcept, UMR5164, CNRS & University of Bordeaux , Bordeaux , France
| | - Thomas Pradeu
- ImmunoConcept, UMR5164, CNRS & University of Bordeaux , Bordeaux , France
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214
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Su T, Huang K, Ma H, Liang H, Dinh PU, Chen J, Shen D, Allen TA, Qiao L, Li Z, Hu S, Cores J, Frame BN, Young AT, Yin Q, Liu J, Qian L, Caranasos TG, Brudno Y, Ligler FS, Cheng K. Platelet-Inspired Nanocells for Targeted Heart Repair After Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2019; 29:1803567. [PMID: 32256277 PMCID: PMC7111457 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201803567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. While reperfusion therapy is vital for patient survival post-heart attack, it also causes further tissue injury, known as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in clinical practice. Exploring ways to attenuate I/R injury is of clinical interest for improving post-ischemic recovery. A platelet-inspired nanocell (PINC) that incorporates both prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-modified platelet membrane and cardiac stromal cell-secreted factors to target the heart after I/R injury is introduced. By taking advantage of the natural infarct-homing ability of platelet membrane and the overexpression of PGE2 receptors (EPs) in the pathological cardiac microenvironment after I/R injury, the PINCs can achieve targeted delivery of therapeutic payload to the injured heart. Furthermore, a synergistic treatment efficacy can be achieved by PINC, which combines the paracrine mechanism of cell therapy with the PGE2/EP receptor signaling that is involved in the repair and regeneration of multiple tissues. In a mouse model of myocardial I/R injury, intravenous injection of PINCs results in augmented cardiac function and mitigated heart remodeling, which is accompanied by the increase in cycling cardiomyocytes, activation of endogenous stem/progenitor cells, and promotion of angiogenesis. This approach represents a promising therapeutic delivery platform for treating I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Su
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North, Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Ke Huang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North, Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Hongxia Liang
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative, Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Phuong-Uyen Dinh
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative, Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Justin Chen
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North, Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Deliang Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Tyler A Allen
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative, Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Li Qiao
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative, Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative, Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Shiqi Hu
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative, Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Jhon Cores
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North, Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Brianna N Frame
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ashlyn T Young
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North, Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Qi Yin
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative, Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Jiandong Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Li Qian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Thomas G Caranasos
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yevgeny Brudno
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North, Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Frances S Ligler
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North, Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Ke Cheng
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North, Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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215
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Wu CH, Chuang HY, Wang CL, Hsu CY, Long CY, Hsieh TH, Tsai EM. Estradiol induces cell proliferation in MCF‑7 mammospheres through HER2/COX‑2. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:2341-2349. [PMID: 30664162 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation (CD)44+/CD24- breast cancer cells have stem cell‑like characteristics and are potent initiators of tumorigenesis. Mammosphere cells can partially initiate breast tumorigenesis by inducing estradiol (E2)‑dependent breast cancer cells. However, the mechanisms by which E2 mediates cancer formation in MCF‑7 mammosphere (MS) cells have remained elusive. In the present study, MS cells were isolated by sphere culture. It was possible to maintain these MS cells in culture for long periods of time, while retaining the CD44+/CD24- stem cell marker status. The CD44+/CD24- status was confirmed by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the stem‑cell markers Musashi‑1, cytokeratin (CK)7 and CK19 were identified by immunofluorescence microscopy. It was revealed that treatment of MS cells with E2 increased the expression of CD44, whereas decreased the expression of CD24 on MS cells. In addition, treatment with E2 increased colony formation by MS cells. E2 also induced cyclooxygenase‑2 (COX‑2) expression in MS cells, which promoted their proliferation through the estrogen receptor/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)/mitogen‑activated protein kinase/phosphoinositide‑3 kinase signaling pathway. The results suggested a tumorigenic mechanism by which E2 promotes tumor cell proliferation via HER2/COX‑2 signaling. The present study provided evidence for the molecular impact of E2 on breast tumorigenesis, and suggested possible strategies for preventing and treating human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Hu Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Sanmin, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Hui-Yu Chuang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Sanmin, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Chiu-Lin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Sanmin, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Chia-Yi Hsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Sanmin, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Cheng-Yu Long
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Sanmin, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Tsung-Hua Hsieh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Sanmin, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Eing-Mei Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Sanmin, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan R.O.C
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216
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Zebrafish disease models in hematology: Highlights on biological and translational impact. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1865:620-633. [PMID: 30593895 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) has proven to be a versatile and reliable in vivo experimental model to study human hematopoiesis and hematological malignancies. As vertebrates, zebrafish has significant anatomical and biological similarities to humans, including the hematopoietic system. The powerful genome editing and genome-wide forward genetic screening tools have generated models that recapitulate human malignant hematopoietic pathologies in zebrafish and unravel cellular mechanisms involved in these diseases. Moreover, the use of zebrafish models in large-scale chemical screens has allowed the identification of new molecular targets and the design of alternative therapies. In this review we summarize the recent achievements in hematological research that highlight the power of the zebrafish model for discovery of new therapeutic molecules. We believe that the model is ready to give an immediate translational impact into the clinic.
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217
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Abstract
THE PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mobilized peripheral blood is the predominant source of stem and progenitor cells for hematologic transplantation. Successful transplant requires sufficient stem cells of high enough quality to recapitulate lifelong hematopoiesis, but in some patients and normal donors, reaching critical threshold stem cell numbers are difficult to achieve. Novel strategies, particularly those offering rapid mobilization and reduced costs, remains an area of interest.This review summarizes critical scientific underpinnings in understanding the process of stem cell mobilization, with a focus on new or improved strategies for their efficient collection and engraftment. RECENT FINDINGS Studies are described that provide new insights into the complexity of stem cell mobilization. Agents that target new pathways such HSC egress, identify strategies to collect more potent competing HSC and new methods to optimize stem cell collection and engraftment are being evaluated. SUMMARY Agents and more effective strategies that directly address the current shortcomings of hematopoietic stem cell mobilization and transplantation and offer the potential to facilitate collection and expand use of mobilized stem cells have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis M. Pelus
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 W Walnut Street, R2-301, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Hal E Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 W Walnut Street, R2-301, Indianapolis, IN 46202
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218
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Chambers JM, Poureetezadi SJ, Addiego A, Lahne M, Wingert RA. ppargc1a controls nephron segmentation during zebrafish embryonic kidney ontogeny. eLife 2018; 7:40266. [PMID: 30475208 PMCID: PMC6279350 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephron segmentation involves a concert of genetic and molecular signals that are not fully understood. Through a chemical screen, we discovered that alteration of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling disrupts nephron segmentation in the zebrafish embryonic kidney (Poureetezadi et al., 2016). Here, we show that the PPAR co-activator ppargc1a directs renal progenitor fate. ppargc1a mutants form a small distal late (DL) segment and an expanded proximal straight tubule (PST) segment. ppargc1a promotes DL fate by regulating the transcription factor tbx2b, and restricts expression of the transcription factor sim1a to inhibit PST fate. Interestingly, sim1a restricts ppargc1a expression to promote the PST, and PST development is fully restored in ppargc1a/sim1a-deficient embryos, suggesting Ppargc1a and Sim1a counterbalance each other in an antagonistic fashion to delineate the PST segment boundary during nephrogenesis. Taken together, our data reveal new roles for Ppargc1a during development, which have implications for understanding renal birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Chambers
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States.,Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States.,Center for Zebrafish Research, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States
| | - Shahram Jevin Poureetezadi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States.,Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States.,Center for Zebrafish Research, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States
| | - Amanda Addiego
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States.,Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States.,Center for Zebrafish Research, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States
| | - Manuela Lahne
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States.,Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States.,Center for Zebrafish Research, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States
| | - Rebecca A Wingert
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States.,Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States.,Center for Zebrafish Research, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States
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219
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Demmerath EM, Bohler S, Kunze M, Erlacher M. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of possible pro-survival activities of PGE2, EGF, TPO and FLT3L on human hematopoiesis. Haematologica 2018; 104:669-677. [PMID: 30442724 PMCID: PMC6442978 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.191569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelosuppression is a major and frequently dose-limiting side effect of anticancer therapy and is responsible for most treatment-related morbidity and mortality. In addition, repeated cycles of DNA damage and cell death of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, followed by compensatory proliferation and selection pressure, lead to genomic instability and pave the way for therapy-related myelodysplastic syndromes and secondary acute myeloid leukemia. Protection of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from chemo- and radiotherapy in patients with solid tumors would reduce both immediate complications and long-term sequelae. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were reported to prevent chemo- or radiotherapy-induced myelosuppression in mice. We tested both molecules for potentially protective effects on human CD34+ cells in vitro and established a xenograft mouse model to analyze stress resistance and regeneration of human hematopoiesis in vivo. EGF was neither able to protect human stem and progenitor cells in vitro nor to promote hematopoietic regeneration following sublethal irradiation in vivo. PGE2 significantly reduced in vitro apoptotic susceptibility of human CD34+ cells to taxol and etoposide. This could, however, be ascribed to reduced proliferation rather than to a change in apoptosis signaling and BCL-2 protein regulation. Accordingly, 16,16-dimethyl-PGE2 (dmPGE2) did not accelerate regeneration of the human hematopoietic system in vivo. Repeated treatment of sublethally irradiated xenograft mice with known antiapoptotic substances, such as human FLT3L and thrombopoietin (TPO), which suppress transcription of the proapoptotic BCL-2 proteins BIM and BMF, also only marginally promoted human hematopoietic regeneration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Demmerath
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg
| | - Sheila Bohler
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg
| | - Mirjam Kunze
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of Freiburg
| | - Miriam Erlacher
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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220
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Jiang M, Chen H, Lai S, Wang R, Qiu Y, Ye F, Fei L, Sun H, Xu Y, Jiang X, Zhou Z, Zhang T, Li Y, Xie J, Fang Q, Gale RP, Han X, Huang H, Guo G. Maintenance of human haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in vitro using a chemical cocktail. Cell Discov 2018; 4:59. [PMID: 30393564 PMCID: PMC6206058 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-018-0059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of effective culture conditions to maintain and possibly expand human HSPCs in vitro is an important goal. Recent advances highlight the efficacy of chemicals in maintaining and converting cell fates. We screened 186 chemicals and found that a combination of CHIR-99021, Forskolin and OAC1 (CFO) maintained human CD34-positive cells in vitro. Efficiency of the culture system was characterized using flow cytometry for CD34-positive cells, a colony-forming assay and xeno-transplants. We found that human CD34-positive cells treated with this combination had enhanced expression of human HSPC markers and increased haematopoietic re-populating ability in immune-deficient mice. Single-cell RNA-seq analyses showed that the in vitro cultured human CD34-positive cells were heterogeneous. We found that CFO supports maintenance of human CD34-positive cells by activating HOXA9, GATA2 and AKT-cAMP signaling pathway. These data have implications in therapies requiring maintenance and/or expansion of human HSPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Jiang
- 1Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310058 China.,2Stem Cell Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Haide Chen
- 1Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310058 China.,2Stem Cell Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Shujing Lai
- 1Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310058 China.,2Stem Cell Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Renying Wang
- 1Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310058 China.,2Stem Cell Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Yunfei Qiu
- 3Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310003 China
| | - Fang Ye
- 1Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310058 China.,2Stem Cell Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Lijiang Fei
- 1Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310058 China.,2Stem Cell Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Huiyu Sun
- 1Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310058 China.,2Stem Cell Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Yang Xu
- 4UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - Xinyi Jiang
- 1Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310058 China.,2Stem Cell Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Ziming Zhou
- 1Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310058 China.,2Stem Cell Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Tingyue Zhang
- 1Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310058 China.,2Stem Cell Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Yanwei Li
- 5Core Facilities, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Jin Xie
- 6Institute of Mechatronic Control Engineering, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310027 China
| | - Qun Fang
- 7Department of Chemistry, Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Robert Peter Gale
- 8Department of Medicine, Haematology Research Centre, Division of Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Xiaoping Han
- 1Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310058 China.,2Stem Cell Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - He Huang
- 2Stem Cell Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310058 China.,3Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310003 China.,Alliance for Atlas of Blood Cells, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoji Guo
- 1Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310058 China.,2Stem Cell Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310058 China.,3Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310003 China.,Alliance for Atlas of Blood Cells, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310058 China
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221
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Letrado P, de Miguel I, Lamberto I, Díez-Martínez R, Oyarzabal J. Zebrafish: Speeding Up the Cancer Drug Discovery Process. Cancer Res 2018; 78:6048-6058. [PMID: 30327381 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an ideal in vivo model to study a wide variety of human cancer types. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of zebrafish in the cancer drug discovery process, from (i) approaches to induce malignant tumors, (ii) techniques to monitor cancer progression, and (iii) strategies for compound administration to (iv) a compilation of the 355 existing case studies showing the impact of zebrafish models on cancer drug discovery, which cover a broad scope of scenarios. Finally, based on the current state-of-the-art analysis, this review presents some highlights about future directions using zebrafish in cancer drug discovery and the potential of this model as a prognostic tool in prospective clinical studies. Cancer Res; 78(21); 6048-58. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Letrado
- Ikan Biotech SL, The Zebrafish Lab Department, Centro Europeo de Empresas e Innovación de Navarra (CEIN), Noain, Spain.,Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Irene de Miguel
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iranzu Lamberto
- Ikan Biotech SL, The Zebrafish Lab Department, Centro Europeo de Empresas e Innovación de Navarra (CEIN), Noain, Spain
| | - Roberto Díez-Martínez
- Ikan Biotech SL, The Zebrafish Lab Department, Centro Europeo de Empresas e Innovación de Navarra (CEIN), Noain, Spain.
| | - Julen Oyarzabal
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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222
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de Pater E, Trompouki E. Bloody Zebrafish: Novel Methods in Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:124. [PMID: 30374440 PMCID: PMC6196227 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is an optimal system for studying stem cell maintenance and lineage differentiation under physiological and pathological conditions. In vertebrate organisms, billions of differentiated hematopoietic cells need to be continuously produced to replenish the blood cell pool. Disruptions in this process have immediate consequences for oxygen transport, responses against pathogens, maintenance of hemostasis and vascular integrity. Zebrafish is a widely used and well-established model for studying the hematopoietic system. Several new hematopoietic regulators were identified in genetic and chemical screens using the zebrafish model. Moreover, zebrafish enables in vivo imaging of hematopoietic stem cell generation and differentiation during embryogenesis, and adulthood. Finally, zebrafish has been used to model hematopoietic diseases. Recent technological advances in single-cell transcriptome analysis, epigenetic regulation, proteomics, metabolomics, and processing of large data sets promise to transform the current understanding of normal, abnormal, and malignant hematopoiesis. In this perspective, we discuss how the zebrafish model has proven beneficial for studying physiological and pathological hematopoiesis and how these novel technologies are transforming the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma de Pater
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eirini Trompouki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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223
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Zebrafish: an emerging real-time model system to study Alzheimer's disease and neurospecific drug discovery. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:45. [PMID: 30302279 PMCID: PMC6170431 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0109-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is emerging as an increasingly successful model for translational research on human neurological disorders. In this review, we appraise the high degree of neurological and behavioural resemblance of zebrafish with humans. It is highly validated as a powerful vertebrate model for investigating human neurodegenerative diseases. The neuroanatomic and neurochemical pathways of zebrafish brain exhibit a profound resemblance with the human brain. Physiological, emotional and social behavioural pattern similarities between them have also been well established. Interestingly, zebrafish models have been used successfully to simulate the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) as well as Tauopathy. Their relatively simple nervous system and the optical transparency of the embryos permit real-time neurological imaging. Here, we further elaborate on the use of recent real-time imaging techniques to obtain vital insights into the neurodegeneration that occurs in AD. Zebrafish is adeptly suitable for Ca2+ imaging, which provides a better understanding of neuronal activity and axonal dystrophy in a non-invasive manner. Three-dimensional imaging in zebrafish is a rapidly evolving technique, which allows the visualisation of the whole organism for an elaborate in vivo functional and neurophysiological analysis in disease condition. Suitability to high-throughput screening and similarity with humans makes zebrafish an excellent model for screening neurospecific compounds. Thus, the zebrafish model can be pivotal in bridging the gap from the bench to the bedside. This fish is becoming an increasingly successful model to understand AD with further scope for investigation in neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration, which promises exciting research opportunities in the future.
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224
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How Surrogate and Chemical Genetics in Model Organisms Can Suggest Therapies for Human Genetic Diseases. Genetics 2018; 208:833-851. [PMID: 29487144 PMCID: PMC5844338 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.300124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic diseases are both inherited and acquired. Many genetic diseases fall under the paradigm of orphan diseases, a disease found in < 1 in 2000 persons. With rapid and cost-effective genome sequencing becoming the norm, many causal mutations for genetic diseases are being rapidly determined. In this regard, model organisms are playing an important role in validating if specific mutations identified in patients drive the observed phenotype. An emerging challenge for model organism researchers is the application of genetic and chemical genetic platforms to discover drug targets and drugs/drug-like molecules for potential treatment options for patients with genetic disease. This review provides an overview of how model organisms have contributed to our understanding of genetic disease, with a focus on the roles of yeast and zebrafish in gene discovery and the identification of compounds that could potentially treat human genetic diseases.
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225
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de Souza Anselmo C, Sardela VF, de Sousa VP, Pereira HMG. Zebrafish (Danio rerio): A valuable tool for predicting the metabolism of xenobiotics in humans? Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 212:34-46. [PMID: 29969680 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish has become a popular model organism in several lines of biological research sharing physiological, morphological and histological similarities with mammals. In fact, many human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes have direct orthologs in zebrafish, suggesting that zebrafish xenobiotic metabolic profiles may be similar to those in mammals. The focus of the review is to analyse the studies that have evaluated the metabolite production in zebrafish over the years, either of the drugs themselves or xenobiotics in general (environmental pollutants, natural products, etc.), bringing a vision of how these works were performed and comparing, where possible, with human metabolism. Early studies that observed metabolic production by zebrafish focused on environmental toxicology, and in recent years the main focus has been on toxicity screening of pharmaceuticals and drug candidates. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of standardization of the model and the knowledge of the extent of similarity with human metabolism. Zebrafish screenings are performed at different life stages, typically being carried out in adult fish through in vivo assays, followed by early larval stages and embryos. Studies comparing metabolism at the different zebrafish life stages are also common. As with any non-human model, the zebrafish presents similarities and differences in relation to the profile of generated metabolites compared to that observed in humans. Although more studies are still needed to assess the degree to which zebrafish metabolism can be compared to human metabolism, the facts presented indicate that the zebrafish is an excellent potential model for assessing xenobiotic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina de Souza Anselmo
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Chemistry, LBCD-LADETEC, Av Horácio Macedo, 1281, 21941-598, Polo de Química, bloco C, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, LabCQ, Av Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902, Bss36, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Vinicius Figueiredo Sardela
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Chemistry, LBCD-LADETEC, Av Horácio Macedo, 1281, 21941-598, Polo de Química, bloco C, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Chemistry, LPDI-LADETEC, Av Horácio Macedo, 1281, 21941-598, Polo de Química, bloco C, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Valeria Pereira de Sousa
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, LabCQ, Av Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902, Bss36, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Henrique Marcelo Gualberto Pereira
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Chemistry, LBCD-LADETEC, Av Horácio Macedo, 1281, 21941-598, Polo de Química, bloco C, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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226
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Duangprom S, Ampansri W, Suwansa-Ard S, Chotwiwatthanakun C, Sobhon P, Kornthong N. Identification and expression of prostaglandin E synthase (PGES) gene in the central nervous system and ovary during ovarian maturation of the female mud crab, Scylla olivacea. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 198:220-232. [PMID: 30292571 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandins have important physiological roles in marine invertebrates, including larval development and reproduction. The prostaglandin E concentration fluctuates during the ovarian development of crustaceans. The biosynthetic pathway of prostaglandin, however, has not been well studied in portunid crabs, including in the mud crab, Scylla olivacea. In this study, the aim was to investigate the presence of prostaglandin E synthase (PGES), enzyme that catalyzes the terminal conversion in the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) biosynthesis, and its gene expression in the central nervous system (CNS) and ovary during ovarian maturation of S. olivacea. cDNA sequence encoding PGES was cloned from the S. olivacea ovary. The PGES transcript of S. olivacea (Scyol-PGES) consists of 1258 nucleotides, which encodes for 420 amino acid PGES protein precursor. Investigation of gene expression by RT-PCR indicated that Scyol-PGES was detected in all organs studied. Based on in situ hybridization, Scyol-PGES was detected in the I to III stages for oocyte development of Stage 3 of ovarian development, and in the CNS, including the various neuronal clusters of the brain. In the ventral nerve cord, the Scyol-PGES gene was expressed in the neurons within the subesophageal, thoracic and abdominal ganglia. The Scyol-PGES gene expression as indicated by relative abundance of mRNA in the Stage 4 of ovarian development was greater than that at Stages 1 to 3 of ovarian development. This is the first report on PGES in the mud crab, S. olivacea, and its gene expression suggested the involvement of PGES in the ovarian development of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supawadee Duangprom
- Chulabhorn International Collage of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Wilailuk Ampansri
- Chulabhorn International Collage of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Saowaros Suwansa-Ard
- Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia
| | - Charoonroj Chotwiwatthanakun
- Mahidol University, Nakhonsawan Campus, Nakhonsawan, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prasert Sobhon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand; Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Rd., SeanSook Sub-District, Mueang District, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Napamanee Kornthong
- Chulabhorn International Collage of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathumthani, Thailand.
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227
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Inhibition of 15-PGDH causes Kras-driven tumor expansion through prostaglandin E2-ALDH1 signaling in the pancreas. Oncogene 2018; 38:1211-1224. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0510-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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228
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Baeten JT, de Jong JLO. Genetic Models of Leukemia in Zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:115. [PMID: 30294597 PMCID: PMC6158309 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish animal model is gaining increasing popularity as a tool for studying human disease. Over the past 15 years, many models of leukemia and other hematological malignancies have been developed in the zebrafish. These confer some significant advantages over similar models in other animals and systems, representing a powerful resource for investigation of the molecular basis of human leukemia. This review discusses the various zebrafish models of lymphoid and myeloid leukemia available, the major discoveries that have been made possible by them, and opportunities for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jill L. O. de Jong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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229
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Endometrial Stem Cells in Farm Animals: Potential Role in Uterine Physiology and Pathology. Bioengineering (Basel) 2018; 5:bioengineering5030075. [PMID: 30231577 PMCID: PMC6163755 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering5030075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The endometrium is an accessible source of mesenchymal stem cells. Most investigations of endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (eMSCs) have been conducted in humans. In animals, particularly in livestock, eMSC research is scarce. Such cells have been described in the bovine, ovine, caprine, porcine, and equine endometrium. Here we provide the state of the art of eMSCs in farm animals with a focus on the bovine species. In bovines, eMSCs have been identified during the phases of the estrous cycle, during which their functionality and the presence of eMSC-specific markers has been shown to change. Moreover, postpartum inflammation related to endometritis affects the presence and functionality of eMSCs, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) may be the mediator of such changes. We demonstrated that exposure to PGE2 in vitro modifies the transcriptomic profile of eMSCs, showing its potential role in the fate of stem cell activation, migration, and homing during pathological uterine inflammation in endometritis and in healthy puerperal endometrium. Farm animal research on eMSCs can be of great value in translational research for certain uterine pathologies and for immunomodulation of local responses to pathogens, hormones, and other substances. Further research is necessary in areas such as in vivo location of the niches and their immunomodulatory and anti-infective properties.
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230
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Mandelbaum J, Shestopalov IA, Henderson RE, Chau NG, Knoechel B, Wick MJ, Zon LI. Zebrafish blastomere screen identifies retinoic acid suppression of MYB in adenoid cystic carcinoma. J Exp Med 2018; 215:2673-2685. [PMID: 30209067 PMCID: PMC6170170 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a salivary gland malignancy that has no effective therapy and is caused by translocations involving MYB. A zebrafish chemical genetic screen identifies the retinoic acid class of compounds as potential MYB-inhibitory agents. Preclinical ACC mouse xenotransplantation models confirm the in vivo efficacy of retinoic acid, which represents a potential therapy for ACC. Pluripotent cells have been used to probe developmental pathways that are involved in genetic diseases and oncogenic events. To find new therapies that would target MYB-driven tumors, we developed a pluripotent zebrafish blastomere culture system. We performed a chemical genetic screen and identified retinoic acid agonists as suppressors of c-myb expression. Retinoic acid treatment also decreased c-myb gene expression in human leukemia cells. Translocations that drive overexpression of the oncogenic transcription factor MYB are molecular hallmarks of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), a malignant salivary gland tumor with no effective therapy. Retinoic acid agonists inhibited tumor growth in vivo in ACC patient–derived xenograft models and decreased MYB binding at translocated enhancers, thereby potentially diminishing the MYB positive feedback loop driving ACC. Our findings establish the zebrafish pluripotent cell culture system as a method to identify modulators of tumor formation, particularly establishing retinoic acid as a potential new effective therapy for ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Mandelbaum
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ilya A Shestopalov
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rachel E Henderson
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nicole G Chau
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Birgit Knoechel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michael J Wick
- South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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231
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Elmonem MA, Berlingerio SP, van den Heuvel LP, de Witte PA, Lowe M, Levtchenko EN. Genetic Renal Diseases: The Emerging Role of Zebrafish Models. Cells 2018; 7:cells7090130. [PMID: 30200518 PMCID: PMC6162634 DOI: 10.3390/cells7090130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural and functional similarity of the larval zebrafish pronephros to the human nephron, together with the recent development of easier and more precise techniques to manipulate the zebrafish genome have motivated many researchers to model human renal diseases in the zebrafish. Over the last few years, great advances have been made, not only in the modeling techniques of genetic diseases in the zebrafish, but also in how to validate and exploit these models, crossing the bridge towards more informative explanations of disease pathophysiology and better designed therapeutic interventions in a cost-effective in vivo system. Here, we review the significant progress in these areas giving special attention to the renal phenotype evaluation techniques. We further discuss the future applications of such models, particularly their role in revealing new genetic diseases of the kidney and their potential use in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Elmonem
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology & Development and Regeneration, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 817, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, 11628 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sante Princiero Berlingerio
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology & Development and Regeneration, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 817, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Lambertus P van den Heuvel
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology & Development and Regeneration, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 817, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter A de Witte
- Laboratory for Molecular Bio-Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Martin Lowe
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Elena N Levtchenko
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology & Development and Regeneration, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 817, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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232
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Loynes CA, Lee JA, Robertson AL, Steel MJG, Ellett F, Feng Y, Levy BD, Whyte MK, Renshaw SA. PGE 2 production at sites of tissue injury promotes an anti-inflammatory neutrophil phenotype and determines the outcome of inflammation resolution in vivo. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaar8320. [PMID: 30191175 PMCID: PMC6124908 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar8320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the first immune cells recruited to a site of injury or infection, where they perform many functions. Having completed their role, neutrophils must be removed from the inflammatory site-either by apoptosis and efferocytosis or by reverse migration away from the wound-for restoration of normal tissue homeostasis. Disruption of these tightly controlled physiological processes of neutrophil removal can lead to a range of inflammatory diseases. We used an in vivo zebrafish model to understand the role of lipid mediator production in neutrophil removal. Following tailfin amputation in the absence of macrophages, neutrophillic inflammation does not resolve, due to loss of macrophage-dependent handling of eicosanoid prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) that drives neutrophil removal via promotion of reverse migration. Knockdown of endogenous PGE synthase gene reveals PGE2 as essential for neutrophil inflammation resolution. Furthermore, PGE2 is able to signal through EP4 receptors during injury, causing an increase in Alox12 production and switching toward anti-inflammatory eicosanoid signaling. Our data confirm regulation of neutrophil migration by PGE2 and LXA4 (lipoxin A4) in an in vivo model of inflammation resolution. This pathway may contain therapeutic targets for driving inflammation resolution in chronic inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A. Loynes
- The Bateson Centre, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Jou A. Lee
- The Bateson Centre, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Anne L. Robertson
- The Bateson Centre, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael JG. Steel
- The Bateson Centre, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Felix Ellett
- The Bateson Centre, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Shriners Burns Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Yi Feng
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Bruce D. Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Moira K.B. Whyte
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Stephen A. Renshaw
- The Bateson Centre, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
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233
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Specific oxylipins enhance vertebrate hematopoiesis via the receptor GPR132. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:9252-9257. [PMID: 30139917 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1806077115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are lipid-derived signaling molecules with cardioprotective and vasodilatory actions. We recently showed that 11,12-EET enhances hematopoietic induction and engraftment in mice and zebrafish. EETs are known to signal via G protein-coupled receptors, with evidence supporting the existence of a specific high-affinity receptor. Identification of a hematopoietic-specific EET receptor would enable genetic interrogation of EET signaling pathways, and perhaps clinical use of this molecule. We developed a bioinformatic approach to identify an EET receptor based on the expression of G protein-coupled receptors in cell lines with differential responses to EETs. We found 10 candidate EET receptors that are expressed in three EET-responsive cell lines, but not expressed in an EET-unresponsive line. Of these, only recombinant GPR132 showed EET-responsiveness in vitro, using a luminescence-based β-arrestin recruitment assay. Knockdown of zebrafish gpr132b prevented EET-induced hematopoiesis, and marrow from GPR132 knockout mice showed decreased long-term engraftment capability. In contrast to high-affinity EET receptors, GPR132 is reported to respond to additional hydroxy-fatty acids in vitro, and we found that these same hydroxy-fatty acids enhance hematopoiesis in the zebrafish. We conducted structure-activity relationship analyses using both cell culture and zebrafish assays on diverse medium-chain fatty acids. Certain oxygenated, unsaturated free fatty acids showed high activation of GPR132, whereas unoxygenated or saturated fatty acids had lower activity. Absence of the carbon-1 position carboxylic acid prevented activity, suggesting that this moiety is required for receptor activation. GPR132 responds to a select panel of oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids to enhance both embryonic and adult hematopoiesis.
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234
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Making HSCs in vitro: don't forget the hemogenic endothelium. Blood 2018; 132:1372-1378. [PMID: 30089629 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-04-784140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Generating a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) in vitro from nonhematopoietic tissue has been a goal of experimental hematologists for decades. Until recently, no in vitro-derived cell has closely demonstrated the full lineage potential and self-renewal capacity of a true HSC. Studies revealing stem cell ontogeny from embryonic mesoderm to hemogenic endothelium to HSC provided the key to inducing HSC-like cells in vitro from a variety of cell types. Here we review the path to this discovery and discuss the future of autologous transplantation with in vitro-derived HSCs as a therapeutic modality.
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235
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Li Z, Qian P, Shao W, Shi H, He XC, Gogol M, Yu Z, Wang Y, Qi M, Zhu Y, Perry JM, Zhang K, Tao F, Zhou K, Hu D, Han Y, Zhao C, Alexander R, Xu H, Chen S, Peak A, Hall K, Peterson M, Perera A, Haug JS, Parmely T, Li H, Shen B, Zeitlinger J, He C, Li L. Suppression of m 6A reader Ythdf2 promotes hematopoietic stem cell expansion. Cell Res 2018; 28:904-917. [PMID: 30065315 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-018-0072-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from human umbilical cord blood (hUCB) holds great promise for treating a broad spectrum of hematological disorders including cancer. However, the limited number of HSCs in a single hUCB unit restricts its widespread use. Although extensive efforts have led to multiple methods for ex vivo expansion of human HSCs by targeting single molecules or pathways, it remains unknown whether it is possible to simultaneously manipulate the large number of targets essential for stem cell self-renewal. Recent studies indicate that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modulates the expression of a group of mRNAs critical for stem cell-fate determination by influencing their stability. Among several m6A readers, YTHDF2 is recognized as promoting targeted mRNA decay. However, the physiological functions of YTHDF2 in adult stem cells are unknown. Here we show that following the conditional knockout (KO) of mouse Ythdf2 the numbers of functional HSC were increased without skewing lineage differentiation or leading to hematopoietic malignancies. Furthermore, knockdown (KD) of human YTHDF2 led to more than a 10-fold increase in the ex vivo expansion of hUCB HSCs, a fivefold increase in colony-forming units (CFUs), and more than an eightfold increase in functional hUCB HSCs in the secondary serial of a limiting dilution transplantation assay. Mapping of m6A in RNAs from mouse hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) as well as from hUCB HSCs revealed its enrichment in mRNAs encoding transcription factors critical for stem cell self-renewal. These m6A-marked mRNAs were recognized by Ythdf2 and underwent decay. In Ythdf2 KO HSPCs and YTHDF2 KD hUCB HSCs, these mRNAs were stabilized, facilitating HSC expansion. Knocking down one of YTHDF2's key targets, Tal1 mRNA, partially rescued the phenotype. Our study provides the first demonstration of the function of YTHDF2 in adult stem cell maintenance and identifies its important role in regulating HSC ex vivo expansion by regulating the stability of multiple mRNAs critical for HSC self-renewal, thus identifying potential for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenrui Li
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Pengxu Qian
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA.,Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wanqing Shao
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Hailing Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Xi C He
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Madelaine Gogol
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Zulin Yu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Yongfu Wang
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Meijie Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yunfei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - John M Perry
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Fang Tao
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Kun Zhou
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA.,Department of Hematology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Deqing Hu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA.,Tianjin Medical University School of Basic Medicine, Tian Jin, 300070, China
| | - Yingli Han
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Chongbei Zhao
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | | | - Hanzhang Xu
- Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shiyuan Chen
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Allison Peak
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Kathyrn Hall
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Michael Peterson
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Anoja Perera
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Haug
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Tari Parmely
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Hua Li
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Bin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Julia Zeitlinger
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Linheng Li
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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236
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TGF-β receptor 1 regulates progenitors that promote browning of white fat. Mol Metab 2018; 16:160-171. [PMID: 30100246 PMCID: PMC6158128 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Beige/brite adipose tissue displays morphological characteristics and beneficial metabolic traits of brown adipose tissue. Previously, we showed that TGF-β signaling regulates the browning of white adipose tissue. Here, we inquired whether TGF-β signals regulated presumptive beige progenitors in white fat and investigated the TGF-β regulated mechanisms involved in beige adipogenesis. Methods We deleted TGF-β receptor 1 (TβRI) in adipose tissue (TβRIAdKO mice) and, using flow-cytometry based assays, identified and isolated presumptive beige progenitors located in the stromal vascular cells of white fat. These cells were molecularly characterized to examine beige/brown marker expression and to investigate TGF-β dependent mechanisms. Further, the cells were transplanted into athymic nude mice to examine their adipogenesis potential. Results Deletion of TβRI promotes beige adipogenesis while reducing the detrimental effects of high fat diet feeding. Interaction of TGF-β signaling with the prostaglandin pathway regulated the appearance of beige adipocytes in white fat. Using flow cytometry techniques and stromal vascular fraction from white fat, we isolated presumptive beige stem/progenitor cells (iBSCs). Upon genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of TGF-β signaling, these cells express high levels of predominantly beige markers. Transplantation of TβRI-deficient stromal vascular cells or iBSCs into athymic nude mice followed by high fat diet feeding and stimulation of β-adrenergic signaling via CL316,243 injection or cold exposure promoted robust beige adipogenesis in vivo. Conclusions TβRI signals target the prostaglandin network to regulate presumptive beige progenitors in white fat capable of developing into beige adipocytes with functional attributes. Controlled inhibition of TβRI signaling and concomitant PGE2 stimulation has the potential to promote beige adipogenesis and improve metabolism. Loss of TβRI in adipose tissue promotes beige adipogenesis. TβRI regulates presumptive beige adipocyte progenitors in white fat. TβRI signals interact with the PGE2/Cox2 pathway during beige adipogenesis. TβRI regulates thermogenesis, mitochondrial bioenergetics and beige adipogenesis.
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237
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Samat N, Ng MF, Ruslan NF, Okuda KS, Tan PJ, Patel V. Interference Potential of Tannins and Chlorophylls in Zebrafish Phenotypic-Based Assays. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2018; 16:408-419. [PMID: 29985634 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2017.833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products are prolific producers of diverse chemical scaffolds, which have yielded several clinically useful drugs. However, the complex features of natural products present challenges for identifying bioactive molecules using high-throughput screens. For most assays, measured endpoints are either colorimetric or luminescence based. Thus, the presence of the major metabolites, tannins, and chlorophylls, in natural products could potentially interfere with these measurements to give either false-positive or false-negative hits. In this context, zebrafish phenotypic assays provide an alternative approach to bioprospect naturally occurring bioactive compounds. Whether tannins and/or chlorophylls interfere in zebrafish phenotypic assays, is unclear. In this study, we evaluated the interference potential of tannins and chlorophylls against efficacy of known small-molecule inhibitors that are known to cause phenotypic abnormalities in developing zebrafish embryos. First, we fractionated tannin-enriched fraction (TEF) and chlorophyll-enriched fraction (CEF) from Camellia sinensis and cotreated them with PD0325901 [mitogen-activated protein kinase-kinase (MEK) inhibitor] and sunitinib malate (SM; anti-[lymph]angiogenic drug). While TEF and CEF did not interfere with phenotypic or molecular endpoints of PD0325901, TEF at 100 μg/mL partially masked the antiangiogenic effect of SM. On the other hand, CEF (100 μg/mL) was toxic when treated up to 6 dpf. Furthermore, CEF at 100 μg/mL potentially enhanced the activity of γ-secretase inhibitors, resulting in toxicity of treated embryos. Our study provides evidence that the presence of tannin and/or chlorophyll in natural products do interfere with zebrafish phenotype assays used for identifying potential hits. However, this may be target/assay dependent and thus requiring additional optimization steps to assess interference potential of tannins and chlorophylls before performing any screening assay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mei Fong Ng
- Cancer Research Malaysia , Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Pei Jean Tan
- Cancer Research Malaysia , Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Vyomesh Patel
- Cancer Research Malaysia , Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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238
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Early JJ, Cole KL, Williamson JM, Swire M, Kamadurai H, Muskavitch M, Lyons DA. An automated high-resolution in vivo screen in zebrafish to identify chemical regulators of myelination. eLife 2018; 7:35136. [PMID: 29979149 PMCID: PMC6056238 DOI: 10.7554/elife.35136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelinating oligodendrocytes are essential for central nervous system (CNS) formation and function. Their disruption is implicated in numerous neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. However, recent studies have indicated that oligodendrocytes may be tractable for treatment of disease. In recent years, zebrafish have become well established for the study of myelinating oligodendrocyte biology and drug discovery in vivo. Here, by automating the delivery of zebrafish larvae to a spinning disk confocal microscope, we were able to automate high-resolution imaging of myelinating oligodendrocytes in vivo. From there, we developed an image analysis pipeline that facilitated a screen of compounds with epigenetic and post-translational targets for their effects on regulating myelinating oligodendrocyte number. This screen identified novel compounds that strongly promote myelinating oligodendrocyte formation in vivo. Our imaging platform and analysis pipeline is flexible and can be employed for high-resolution imaging-based screens of broad interest using zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Early
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,United Kingdom Zebrafish screening facility, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Katy Lh Cole
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jill M Williamson
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Swire
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - David A Lyons
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,United Kingdom Zebrafish screening facility, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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239
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Roumane A, Berthenet K, El Fassi C, Ichim G. Caspase-independent cell death does not elicit a proliferative response in melanoma cancer cells. BMC Cell Biol 2018; 19:11. [PMID: 29973136 PMCID: PMC6030751 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-018-0164-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Apoptosis, the most well-known type of programmed cell death, can induce in a paracrine manner a proliferative response in neighboring surviving cells called apoptosis-induced proliferation (AiP). While having obvious benefits when triggered in developmental processes, AiP is a serious obstacle in cancer therapy, where apoptosis is frequently induced by chemotherapy. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the capacity of an alternative type of cell death, called caspase-independent cell death, to promote proliferation. Results Using a novel in vitro isogenic cellular model to trigger either apoptosis or caspase-independent cell death, we found that the later has no obvious compensatory proliferation effects on neighboring cells. Conclusions This study enforces the idea that alternative types of cell death such as caspase-independent cell death could be considered to replace apoptosis in the context of cancer treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12860-018-0164-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlima Roumane
- INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
| | - Kevin Berthenet
- INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France.,LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Chaïmaa El Fassi
- INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
| | - Gabriel Ichim
- INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France. .,LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
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240
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Ben Nasr M, D'Addio F, Malvandi AM, Faravelli S, Castillo-Leon E, Usuelli V, Rocchio F, Letizia T, El Essawy AB, Assi E, Mameli C, Giani E, Macedoni M, Maestroni A, Dassano A, Loretelli C, Paroni M, Cannalire G, Biasucci G, Sala M, Biffi A, Zuccotti GV, Fiorina P. Prostaglandin E2 Stimulates the Expansion of Regulatory Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Type 1 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1387. [PMID: 29971065 PMCID: PMC6018202 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are multipotent stem cells that have been harnessed as a curative therapy for patients with hematological malignancies. Notably, the discovery that HSPCs are endowed with immunoregulatory properties suggests that HSPC-based therapeutic approaches may be used to treat autoimmune diseases. Indeed, infusion with HSPCs has shown promising results in the treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and remains the only “experimental therapy” that has achieved a satisfactory rate of remission (nearly 60%) in T1D. Patients with newly diagnosed T1D have been successfully reverted to normoglycemia by administration of autologous HSPCs in association with a non-myeloablative immunosuppressive regimen. However, this approach is hampered by a high incidence of adverse effects linked to immunosuppression. Herein, we report that while the use of autologous HSPCs is capable of improving C-peptide production in patients with T1D, ex vivo modulation of HSPCs with prostaglandins (PGs) increases their immunoregulatory properties by upregulating expression of the immune checkpoint-signaling molecule PD-L1. Surprisingly, CXCR4 was upregulated as well, which could enhance HSPC trafficking toward the inflamed pancreatic zone. When tested in murine and human in vitro autoimmune assays, PG-modulated HSPCs were shown to abrogate the autoreactive T cell response. The use of PG-modulated HSPCs may thus provide an attractive and novel treatment of autoimmune diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moufida Ben Nasr
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca D'Addio
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Amir Mohammad Malvandi
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Faravelli
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Eduardo Castillo-Leon
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vera Usuelli
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Rocchio
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Teresa Letizia
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Emma Assi
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Mameli
- Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Buzzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Giani
- Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Buzzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Maddalena Macedoni
- Department of Pediatrics, Diabetes Service Studies, University of Milan, Ospedale dei Bambini Vittore Buzzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Maestroni
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Dassano
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristian Loretelli
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Moira Paroni
- Department of Bioscience, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cannalire
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Giacomo Biasucci
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Marco Sala
- Department of Pediatrics, Tradate Hospital, Tradate, Italy
| | - Alessandra Biffi
- Gene Therapy Program, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Buzzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Division of Endocrinology, ASST Sacco Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
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241
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Zhan Y, Huang Y, Chen J, Cao Z, He J, Zhang J, Huang H, Ruan H, Luo L, Li L. The caudal dorsal artery generates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells via the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition in zebrafish. J Genet Genomics 2018; 45:S1673-8527(18)30099-7. [PMID: 29929848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) originate from the hemogenic endothelium of the ventral wall of the dorsal aorta (DA) through the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT) from approximately 30 to 60 hours post fertilization (hpf). However, whether other artery sites can generate HSPCs de novo remains unclear. In this study, using live imaging and lineage tracing, we found that the caudal dorsal artery (CDA) in the caudal hematopoietic tissue directly gave rise to HSPCs through EHT. This process initiated from approximately 60 hpf and terminated at approximately 156 hpf. Compared with that in the DA, fewer EHT events were observed in the CDA. The EHT events in the DA and CDA were similarly regulated by Runx1 but differentially influenced by blood flow (i.e., the EHT frequency in CDA was affected to a lesser extent when circulation was compromised in the tnnt2a-/- mutant). Therefore, the whole artery, including both DA and CDA, was endowed with the ability to produce HSPCs during a much longer time period. Coincidently, the lineage tracing results indicated that adult hematopoietic cells originated from the embryonic endothelium, and those produced later preferentially colonized the adult thymus. Collectively, our study revealed that the CDA serves as an additional source of hematopoiesis, and it shows similar but not identical properties with the DA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandong Zhan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Bioresources and Eco-environments, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Youkui Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Bioresources and Eco-environments, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jingying Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Bioresources and Eco-environments, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zigang Cao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Bioresources and Eco-environments, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jianbo He
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Bioresources and Eco-environments, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Honghui Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Bioresources and Eco-environments, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hua Ruan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Bioresources and Eco-environments, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lingfei Luo
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Bioresources and Eco-environments, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Li Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Bioresources and Eco-environments, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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242
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Desai A, Zhang Y, Park Y, Dawson DM, Larusch GA, Kasturi L, Wald D, Ready JM, Gerson SL, Markowitz SD. A second-generation 15-PGDH inhibitor promotes bone marrow transplant recovery independently of age, transplant dose and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor support. Haematologica 2018; 103:1054-1064. [PMID: 29472361 PMCID: PMC6058768 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.178376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation following myeloablative chemotherapy is a curative treatment for many hematopoietic malignancies. However, profound granulocytopenia during the interval between transplantation and marrow recovery exposes recipients to risks of fatal infection, a significant source of transplant-associated morbidity and mortality. We have previously described the discovery of a small molecule, SW033291, that potently inhibits the prostaglandin degrading enzyme 15-PGDH, increases bone marrow prostaglandin E2, and accelerates hematopoietic recovery following murine transplant. Here we describe the efficacy of (+)-SW209415, a second-generation 15-PGDH inhibitor, in an expanded range of models relevant to human transplantation. (+)-SW209415 is 10,000-fold more soluble, providing the potential for intravenous delivery, while maintaining potency in inhibiting 15-PGDH, increasing in vivo prostaglandin E2, and accelerating hematopoietic regeneration following transplantation. In additional models, (+)-SW209415: (i) demonstrated synergy with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, the current standard of care; (ii) maintained efficacy as transplant cell dose was escalated; (iii) maintained efficacy when transplant donors and recipients were aged; and (iv) potentiated homing in xenotransplants using human hematopoietic stem cells. (+)-SW209415 showed no adverse effects, no potentiation of in vivo growth of human myeloma and leukemia xenografts, and, on chronic high-dose administration, no toxicity as assessed by weight, blood counts and serum chemistry. These studies provide independent chemical confirmation of the activity of 15-PGDH inhibitors in potentiating hematopoietic recovery, extend the range of models in which inhibiting 15-PGDH demonstrates activity, allay concerns regarding potential for adverse effects from increasing prostaglandin E2, and thereby, advance 15-PGDH as a therapeutic target for potentiating hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Desai
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yongyou Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Youngsoo Park
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pathology, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dawn M Dawson
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gretchen A Larusch
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lakshmi Kasturi
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David Wald
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Joseph M Ready
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Stanton L Gerson
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sanford D Markowitz
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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243
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Agarwala S, Tamplin OJ. Neural Crossroads in the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche. Trends Cell Biol 2018; 28:987-998. [PMID: 29857963 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche supports steady-state hematopoiesis and responds to changing needs during stress and disease. The nervous system is an important regulator of the niche, and its influence is established early in development when stem cells are specified. Most research has focused on direct innervation of the niche, however recent findings show there are different modes of neural control, including globally by the central nervous system (CNS) and hormone release, locally by neural crest-derived mesenchymal stem cells, and intrinsically by hematopoietic cells that express neural receptors and neurotransmitters. Dysregulation between neural and hematopoietic systems can contribute to disease, however new therapeutic opportunities may be found among neuroregulator drugs repurposed to support hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobhika Agarwala
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Owen J Tamplin
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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244
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Mahony CB, Pasche C, Bertrand JY. Oncostatin M and Kit-Ligand Control Hematopoietic Stem Cell Fate during Zebrafish Embryogenesis. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:1920-1934. [PMID: 29779898 PMCID: PMC5993650 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular pathways controlling hematopoietic stem cell specification and expansion is a necessary milestone to perform regenerative medicine. Here, we used the zebrafish model to study the role of the ckit signaling pathway in this process. We show the importance of kitb/kitlgb signaling in the specification and expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), in the hemogenic endothelium and caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT), respectively. Moreover, we identified the zebrafish ortholog of Oncostatin M (osm) in the zebrafish genome. We show that the osm/osmr pathway acts upstream of kitb during specification of the hemogenic endothelium, while both pathways act synergistically to expand HSCs in the CHT. Moreover, we found that osm, in addition to its role in promoting HSC proliferation, inhibits HSC commitment to the lymphoid fate. Altogether, our data identified two cytokines, kitlgb and osm, secreted by the vascular niche, that control HSCs during early embryonic development. kitb/kitlgb signaling is necessary for HSCs in the zebrafish model osm is a new cytokine important for HSCs in the zebrafish model osmr and kitb signaling are required sequentially for HSC specification osmr and kitb synergize to expand HSCs in the caudal hematopoietic tissue
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Mahony
- University of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, CMU, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Corentin Pasche
- University of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, CMU, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Julien Y Bertrand
- University of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, CMU, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, Geneva 1211, Switzerland.
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245
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Berrun A, Harris E, Stachura DL. Isthmin 1 (ism1) is required for normal hematopoiesis in developing zebrafish. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196872. [PMID: 29758043 PMCID: PMC5951578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is an essential and highly regulated biological process that begins with hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). In healthy organisms, HSCs are responsible for generating a multitude of mature blood cells every day, yet the molecular pathways that instruct HSCs to self-renew and differentiate into post-mitotic blood cells are not fully known. To understand these molecular pathways, we investigated novel genes expressed in hematopoietic-supportive cell lines from the zebrafish (Danio rerio), a model system increasingly utilized to uncover molecular pathways important in the development of other vertebrate species. We performed RNA sequencing of the transcriptome of three stromal cell lines derived from different stages of embryonic and adult zebrafish and identified hundreds of highly expressed transcripts. For our studies, we focused on isthmin 1 (ism1) due to its shared synteny with its human gene ortholog and because it is a secreted protein. To characterize ism1, we performed loss-of-function experiments to identify if mature blood cell production was disrupted. Myeloid and erythroid lineages were visualized and scored with transgenic zebrafish expressing lineage-specific markers. ism1 knockdown led to reduced numbers of neutrophils, macrophages, and erythrocytes. Analysis of clonal methylcellulose assays from ism1 morphants also showed a reduction in total hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Overall, we demonstrate that ism1 is required for normal generation of HSPCs and their downstream progeny during zebrafish hematopoiesis. Further investigation into ism1 and its importance in hematopoiesis may elucidate evolutionarily conserved processes in blood formation that can be further investigated for potential clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Berrun
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Chico, Chico, CA, United States of America
| | - Elena Harris
- Department of Computer Sciences, California State University Chico, Chico, CA, United States of America
| | - David L Stachura
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Chico, Chico, CA, United States of America
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246
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Lidonnici MR, Ferrari G. Gene therapy and gene editing strategies for hemoglobinopathies. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2018; 70:87-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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247
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Lipoprotein lipase regulates hematopoietic stem progenitor cell maintenance through DHA supply. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1310. [PMID: 29615667 PMCID: PMC5882990 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03775-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mediates hydrolysis of triglycerides (TGs) to supply free fatty acids (FFAs) to tissues. Here, we show that LPL activity is also required for hematopoietic stem progenitor cell (HSPC) maintenance. Knockout of Lpl or its obligatory cofactor Apoc2 results in significantly reduced HSPC expansion during definitive hematopoiesis in zebrafish. A human APOC2 mimetic peptide or the human very low-density lipoprotein, which carries APOC2, rescues the phenotype in apoc2 but not in lpl mutant zebrafish. Creating parabiotic apoc2 and lpl mutant zebrafish rescues the hematopoietic defect in both. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is identified as an important factor in HSPC expansion. FFA-DHA, but not TG-DHA, rescues the HSPC defects in apoc2 and lpl mutant zebrafish. Reduced blood cell counts are also observed in Apoc2 mutant mice at the time of weaning. These results indicate that LPL-mediated release of the essential fatty acid DHA regulates HSPC expansion and definitive hematopoiesis.
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248
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Clatworthy AE, Romano KP, Hung DT. Whole-organism phenotypic screening for anti-infectives promoting host health. Nat Chem Biol 2018; 14:331-341. [PMID: 29556098 PMCID: PMC9843822 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-018-0018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
To date, antibiotics have been identified on the basis of their ability to kill bacteria or inhibit their growth rather than directly for their capacity to improve clinical outcomes of infected patients. Although historically successful, this approach has led to the development of an antibiotic armamentarium that suffers from a number of shortcomings, including the inevitable emergence of resistance and, in certain infections, suboptimal efficacy leading to long treatment durations, infection recurrence, or high mortality and morbidity rates despite apparent bacterial sterilization. Conventional antibiotics fail to address the complexities of in vivo bacterial physiology and virulence, as well as the role of the host underlying the complex, dynamic interactions that cause disease. New interventions are needed, aimed at host outcome rather than microbiological cure. Here we review the role of screening models for cellular and whole-organism infection, including worms, flies, zebrafish, and mice, to identify novel therapeutic strategies and discuss their future implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E. Clatworthy
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keith P. Romano
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deborah T. Hung
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to D.T.H.
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249
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Quickly Attainable and Highly Engrafting Hematopoietic Stem Cells. BLOOD SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/bls-2018-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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250
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Zhang B, He L, Liu Y, Zhang J, Zeng Q, Wang S, Fan Z, Fang F, Chen L, Lv Y, Xi J, Yue W, Li Y, Pei X. Prostaglandin E 2 Is Required for BMP4-Induced Mesoderm Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:905-919. [PMID: 29478896 PMCID: PMC5919771 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The accurate control of early cell fate specification during differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is critical for acquiring pure therapeutic cell populations of interest. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is a key mesoderm inducer from ESCs. However, the molecular mechanism of the mesodermal cell fate decision induced by BMP4 remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate the requirement of a bioactive lipid, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), for the mesoderm specification from hESCs by BMP4 induction. We show that BMP4 directly regulates the expression of the key enzyme for PGE2 synthesis, COX-1, and promotes PGE2 production. More importantly, in the absence of BMP4, forced COX-1 expression or PGE2 treatment is sufficient to initiate mesoderm specification of hESCs by activation of EP2-PKA signaling and modulation of nuclear translocation of β-catenin. Together, our findings provide insights into the critical role of BMP regulation of PGE2 synthesis and its downstream signaling in initiating mesoderm commitment of hESCs. COX-1 and PGE2 played pivotal roles in the mesoderm specification of hESCs Specific inhibition of COX-1 suppressed mesoderm differentiation of hESCs BMP4 directly upregulated the transcription of the COX-1 PGE2 stimulated differentiation mainly via the EP2-PKA-GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Lijuan He
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Quan Zeng
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Sihan Wang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Zeng Fan
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Yang Lv
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Jiafei Xi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Wen Yue
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China.
| | - Xuetao Pei
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China.
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