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Vasques GA, Andrade NLM, Correa FA, Jorge AAL. Update on new GH-IGF axis genetic defects. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2019; 63:608-617. [PMID: 31939486 PMCID: PMC10522240 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The somatotropic axis is the main hormonal regulator of growth. Growth hormone (GH), also known as somatotropin, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) are the key components of the somatotropic axis. This axis has been studied for a long time and the knowledge of how some molecules could promote or impair hormones production and action has been growing over the last decade. The enhancement of large-scale sequencing techniques has expanded the spectrum of known genes and several other candidate genes that could affect the GH-IGF1-bone pathway. To date, defects in more than forty genes were associated with an impairment of the somatotropic axis. These defects can affect from the secretion of GH to the bioavailability and action of IGF-1. Affected patients present a large heterogeneous group of conditions associated with growth retardation. In this review, we focus on the description of the GH-IGF axis genetic defects reported in the last decade. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2019;63(6):608-17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela A. Vasques
- Hospital das ClínicasFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasil Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Laboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular (LIM25), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Hospital das ClínicasFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasil Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular (LIM42), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Nathalia L. M. Andrade
- Hospital das ClínicasFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasil Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Laboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular (LIM25), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Hospital das ClínicasFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasil Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular (LIM42), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Fernanda A. Correa
- Hospital das ClínicasFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasil Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular (LIM42), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Alexander A. L. Jorge
- Hospital das ClínicasFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasil Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Laboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular (LIM25), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Hospital das ClínicasFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasil Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular (LIM42), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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202
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Crippa M, Bonati MT, Calzari L, Picinelli C, Gervasini C, Sironi A, Bestetti I, Guzzetti S, Bellone S, Selicorni A, Mussa A, Riccio A, Ferrero GB, Russo S, Larizza L, Finelli P. Molecular Etiology Disclosed by Array CGH in Patients With Silver-Russell Syndrome or Similar Phenotypes. Front Genet 2019; 10:955. [PMID: 31749829 PMCID: PMC6843062 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Silver–Russell syndrome (SRS) is an imprinting disorder primarily caused by genetic and epigenetic aberrations on chromosomes 11 and 7. SRS is a rare growth retardation disorder often misdiagnosed due to its heterogeneous and non-specific clinical features. The Netchine–Harbison clinical scoring system (NH-CSS) is the recommended tool for differentiating patients into clinical SRS or unlikely SRS. However, the clinical diagnosis is molecularly confirmed only in about 60% of patients, leaving the remaining substantial proportion of SRS patients with unknown genetic etiology. Materials and Methods: A cohort of 34 Italian patients with SRS or SRS-like features scored according to the NH-CSS and without any SRS-associated (epi)genetic alterations was analyzed by high-resolution array-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) in order to identify potentially pathogenic copy number variants (CNVs). Results and Discussion: In seven patients, making up 21% of the initial cohort, five pathogenic and two potentially pathogenic CNVs were found involving distinct genomic regions either previously associated with growth delay conditions (1q24.3-q25.3, 17p13.3, 17q22, and 22q11.2-q11.22) and with SRS spectrum (7p12.1 and 7p15.3-p14.3) or outlined for the first time (19q13.42), providing a better definition of reported and as yet unreported SRS overlapping syndromes. All the variants involve genes with a defined role in growth pathways, and for two genes mapping at 7p, IGF2BP3 and GRB10, the association with SRS turns out to be reinforced. The deleterious effect of the two potentially pathogenic variants, comprising GRB10 and ZNF331 genes, was explored by targeted approaches, though further studies are needed to validate their pathogenic role in the SRS etiology. In conclusion, we reconfirm the utility of performing a genome-wide scan to achieve a differential diagnosis in patients with SRS or similar features and to highlight novel chromosome alterations associated with SRS and growth retardation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Crippa
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Bonati
- Clinic of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luciano Calzari
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Picinelli
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Gervasini
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sironi
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bestetti
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Guzzetti
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Simonetta Bellone
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Mussa
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Riccio
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Caserta, Italy.,Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso," Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Russo
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lidia Larizza
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Palma Finelli
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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203
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Borchiellini M, Ummarino S, Di Ruscio A. The Bright and Dark Side of DNA Methylation: A Matter of Balance. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101243. [PMID: 31614870 PMCID: PMC6830319 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation controls several cellular processes, from early development to old age, including biological responses to endogenous or exogenous stimuli contributing to disease transition. As a result, minimal DNA methylation changes during developmental stages drive severe phenotypes, as observed in germ-line imprinting disorders, while genome-wide alterations occurring in somatic cells are linked to cancer onset and progression. By summarizing the molecular events governing DNA methylation, we focus on the methods that have facilitated mapping and understanding of this epigenetic mark in healthy conditions and diseases. Overall, we review the bright (health-related) and dark (disease-related) side of DNA methylation changes, outlining how bulk and single-cell genomic analyses are moving toward the identification of new molecular targets and driving the development of more specific and less toxic demethylating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Borchiellini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy.
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Simone Ummarino
- Harvard Medical School Initiative for RNA Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Annalisa Di Ruscio
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy.
- Harvard Medical School Initiative for RNA Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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204
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Giabicani E, Willems M, Steunou V, Chantot-Bastaraud S, Thibaud N, Abi Habib W, Azzi S, Lam B, Bérard L, Bony-Trifunovic H, Brachet C, Brischoux-Boucher E, Caldagues E, Coutant R, Cuvelier ML, Gelwane G, Guemas I, Houang M, Isidor B, Jeandel C, Lespinasse J, Naud-Saudreau C, Jesuran-Perelroizen M, Perrin L, Piard J, Sechter C, Souchon PF, Storey C, Thomas D, Le Bouc Y, Rossignol S, Netchine I, Brioude F. Increasing knowledge in IGF1R defects: lessons from 35 new patients. J Med Genet 2019; 57:160-168. [PMID: 31586944 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) is a keystone of fetal growth regulation by mediating the effects of IGF-I and IGF-II. Recently, a cohort of patients carrying an IGF1R defect was described, from which a clinical score was established for diagnosis. We assessed this score in a large cohort of patients with identified IGF1R defects, as no external validation was available. Furthermore, we aimed to develop a functional test to allow the classification of variants of unknown significance (VUS) in vitro. METHODS DNA was tested for either deletions or single nucleotide variant (SNV) and the phosphorylation of downstream pathways studied after stimulation with IGF-I by western blot analysis of fibroblast of nine patients. RESULTS We detected 21 IGF1R defects in 35 patients, including 8 deletions and 10 heterozygous, 1 homozygous and 1 compound-heterozygous SNVs. The main clinical characteristics of these patients were being born small for gestational age (90.9%), short stature (88.2%) and microcephaly (74.1%). Feeding difficulties and varying degrees of developmental delay were highly prevalent (54.5%). There were no differences in phenotypes between patients with deletions and SNVs of IGF1R. Functional studies showed that the SNVs tested were associated with decreased AKT phosphorylation. CONCLUSION We report eight new pathogenic variants of IGF1R and an original case with a homozygous SNV. We found the recently proposed clinical score to be accurate for the diagnosis of IGF1R defects with a sensitivity of 95.2%. We developed an efficient functional test to assess the pathogenicity of SNVs, which is useful, especially for VUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloïse Giabicani
- Sorbonne Université, UFR Médecine, Paris, France .,AP-HP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau-Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France.,INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Nathalie Thibaud
- AP-HP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau-Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France
| | | | - Salah Azzi
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Bich Lam
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Bérard
- AP-HP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau-Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France
| | | | - Cécile Brachet
- U.L.B., Pediatric Endocrinology, Reine Fabiola Children's Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Regis Coutant
- CHU Angers, Endocrinologie et Diabétologie Pédiatriques, Angers, France
| | | | - Georges Gelwane
- AP-HP, Hôpital Robert Debré, Endocrinologie et Diabétologie Pédiatriques, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | | | - Muriel Houang
- Sorbonne Université, UFR Médecine, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau-Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France.,INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | | | - Claire Jeandel
- CHRU Montpellier Pôle Mère et enfant, Pédiatrie Spécialisée Endocrinologie Gynécologie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Monique Jesuran-Perelroizen
- Endocrinologie-pédiatrique, Cabinet libéral, Toulouse, France.,AFPEL, Association Française des Pédiatres Endocrinologues Libéraux, Lille, France
| | - Laurence Perrin
- Université Paris Diderot, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Robert Debré, Génétique Clinique, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Piard
- Université de Franche-Comté, CHU Besançon, Centre de Génétique Humaine, Besançon, France
| | - Claire Sechter
- Université de Franche-Comté, CHU Jean Minjoz, Unité d'Endocrinologie et Diabétologie Pédiatriques, Besançon, France
| | - Pierre-François Souchon
- American Memorial Hospital, Diabétologie et Endocrinologie Pédiatriques, CHU Reims, Reims, France
| | - Caroline Storey
- AP-HP, Hôpital Robert Debré, Endocrinologie et Diabétologie Pédiatriques, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | | | - Yves Le Bouc
- Sorbonne Université, UFR Médecine, Paris, France.,INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Rossignol
- Hopitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, Service de Pédiatrie 1, Strasbourg, France.,INSERM U1112, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, Strasbourg, France
| | - Irène Netchine
- Sorbonne Université, UFR Médecine, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau-Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France.,INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Brioude
- Sorbonne Université, UFR Médecine, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau-Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France.,INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
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205
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Plachy L, Strakova V, Elblova L, Obermannova B, Kolouskova S, Snajderova M, Zemkova D, Dusatkova P, Sumnik Z, Lebl J, Pruhova S. High Prevalence of Growth Plate Gene Variants in Children With Familial Short Stature Treated With GH. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:4273-4281. [PMID: 30753492 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-02288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Familial short stature (FSS) is a term describing a growth disorder that is vertically transmitted. Milder forms may result from the combined effect of multiple genes; more severe short stature is suggestive of a monogenic condition. The etiology of most FSS cases has not been thoroughly elucidated to date. OBJECTIVES To identify the genetic etiology of severe FSS in children treated with GH because of the diagnosis of small for gestational age or GH deficiency (SGA/GHD). DESIGN, SETTINGS, AND PATIENTS Of 736 children treated with GH because of GHD/SGA, 33 with severe FSS (life-minimum height -2.5 SD or less in both the patient and shorter parent) were included in the study. The genetic etiology was known in 5 of 33 children prior to the study [ACAN (in 2], NF1, PTPN11, and SOS1). In the remaining 28 of 33, whole-exome sequencing was performed. The results were evaluated using American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics standards and guidelines. RESULTS In 30 of 33 children (90%), we found at least one variant with potential clinical significance in genes known to affect growth. A genetic cause was elucidated in 17 of 33 (52%). Of these children, variants in growth plate-related genes were found in 9 of 17 [COL2A1, COL11A1, and ACAN (all in 2), FLNB, FGFR3, and IGF1R], and IGF-associated proteins were affected in 2 of 17 (IGFALS and HMGA2). In the remaining 6 of 17, the discovered genetic mechanisms were miscellaneous (TRHR, MBTPS2, GHSR, NF1, PTPN11, and SOS1). CONCLUSIONS Single-gene variants are frequent among families with severe FSS, with variants affecting the growth plate being the most prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Plachy
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- University Hospital Motol, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Strakova
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- University Hospital Motol, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Elblova
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- University Hospital Motol, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Obermannova
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- University Hospital Motol, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislava Kolouskova
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- University Hospital Motol, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Snajderova
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- University Hospital Motol, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Zemkova
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- University Hospital Motol, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Dusatkova
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- University Hospital Motol, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Sumnik
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- University Hospital Motol, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Lebl
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- University Hospital Motol, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Stepanka Pruhova
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- University Hospital Motol, Prague 5, Czech Republic
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206
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Shi M, Ruan L, Shi X, Zhu Y, Qian Y, Dai Z, Wu C. A spontaneous pregnancy and successful delivery in a Chinese female with Silver-Russell syndrome accompanied by gestational diabetes mellitus. Gynecol Endocrinol 2019; 35:752-755. [PMID: 30905204 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2019.1590547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by severe intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation and typical dysmorphic features including body asymmetry, relative macrocephaly, protruding forehead, and feeding difficulties. Previous descriptions of SRS focus on the management of specific issues in children. Herein, we present clinical and metabolic characteristics of an adult woman with SRS accompanied by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Given the rare circumstances presented in our case, the emerging questions concerning the management of metabolic issues and fertility potential in adult SRS patient deserve more attention. Further, long-term follow up is essential to gain future insights into the natural history and optimal management in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengte Shi
- a Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Luya Ruan
- a Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Shi
- a Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoxin Zhu
- a Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Yanying Qian
- a Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijuan Dai
- a Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoming Wu
- a Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , People's Republic of China
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Wesseler K, Kraft F, Eggermann T. Molecular and Clinical Opposite Findings in 11p15.5 Associated Imprinting Disorders: Characterization of Basic Mechanisms to Improve Clinical Management. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174219. [PMID: 31466347 PMCID: PMC6747273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver-Russell and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndromes (SRS, BWS) are rare congenital human disorders characterized by opposite growth disturbances. With the increasing knowledge on the molecular basis of SRS and BWS, it has become obvious that the disorders mirror opposite alterations at the same genomic loci in 11p15.5. In fact, these changes directly or indirectly affect the expression of IGF2 and CDKN1C and their associated pathways, and thereby, cause growth disturbances as key features of both diseases. The increase of knowledge has become possible with the development and implementation of new and comprehensive assays. Whereas, in the beginning molecular testing was restricted to single chromosomal loci, many tests now address numerous loci in the same run, and the diagnostic implementation of (epi)genome wide assays is only a question of time. These high-throughput approaches will be complemented by the analysis of other omic datasets (e.g., transcriptome, metabolome, proteome), and it can be expected that the integration of these data will massively improve the understanding of the pathobiology of imprinting disorders and their diagnostics. Especially long-read sequencing methods, e.g., nanopore sequencing, allowing direct detection of native DNA modification, will strongly contribute to a better understanding of genomic imprinting in the near future. Thereby, new genomic loci and types of pathogenic variants will be identified, resulting in more precise discrimination into different molecular subgroups. These subgroups serve as the basis for (epi)genotype-phenotype correlations, allowing a more directed prognosis, counseling, and therapy. By deciphering the pathophysiological consequences of SRS and BWS and their molecular disturbances, future therapies will be available targeting the basic cause of the disease and respective pathomechanisms and will complement conventional therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Wesseler
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University Aachen (RWTH), 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Florian Kraft
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University Aachen (RWTH), 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University Aachen (RWTH), 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Cariati F, D'Argenio V, Tomaiuolo R. The evolving role of genetic tests in reproductive medicine. J Transl Med 2019; 17:267. [PMID: 31412890 PMCID: PMC6694655 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-2019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Infertility is considered a major public health issue, and approximately 1 out of 6 people worldwide suffer from infertility during their reproductive lifespans. Thanks to technological advances, genetic tests are becoming increasingly relevant in reproductive medicine. More genetic tests are required to identify the cause of male and/or female infertility, identify carriers of inherited diseases and plan antenatal testing. Furthermore, genetic tests provide direction toward the most appropriate assisted reproductive techniques. Nevertheless, the use of molecular analysis in this field is still fragmented and cumbersome. The aim of this review is to highlight the conditions in which a genetic evaluation (counselling and testing) plays a role in improving the reproductive outcomes of infertile couples. We conducted a review of the literature, and starting from the observation of specific signs and symptoms, we describe the available molecular tests. To conceive a child, both partners' reproductive systems need to function in a precisely choreographed manner. Hence to treat infertility, it is key to assess both partners. Our results highlight the increasing importance of molecular testing in reproductive medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valeria D'Argenio
- KronosDNA srl, Spinoff of Università Federico II, Naples, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate scarl, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy.
| | - Rossella Tomaiuolo
- KronosDNA srl, Spinoff of Università Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
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209
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Burgevin M, Lacroix A, Brown G, Mikaty M, Coutinho V, Netchine I, Odent S. Intellectual functioning in Silver-Russell syndrome: First study in adults. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2019; 28:391-402. [PMID: 31390893 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2019.1644643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is a rare genetic disorder (estimated incidence 1/30,000 to 100,000 live births). So far, only a few studies have focused on the cognitive profile of individuals with SRS, and these were conducted some time ago, concentrated on pediatric cohorts, and included patients who had been diagnosed using a variety of clinical diagnostic systems. There has yet to be any research on the intellectual functioning of adults with SRS. This study sought to establish the intelligence, strengths and weaknesses within intellectual profile of adults with SRS, compared with normative data. Ten individuals with 11p15 epimutation aged 18-39 years completed the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition. Measures of interest included participants' intelligence (Full Scale Intelligence Quotient [FSIQ]) and four domains of cognitive functioning: verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory and processing speed. Discrepancy scores were calculated, and descriptive statistical and linear correlations were used to investigate factors associated with IQ outcome. Clinical and medical information such as rehabilitation, and perceived difficulties in daily life were collected by interviews and questionnaires. Results showed that the mean FSIQ score was in the average range (M = 95.40, SD = 18.55) and they performed best on verbal comprehension. Frequent daily difficulties were reported by patients and/or their families: learning disabilities and low self-esteem were perceived by 60% of adults. Early intervention and multidisciplinary care from childhood to adulthood are important in SRS for care potential medical, cognitive and psychosocial problems. This is the first study to document the intellectual functioning of adults with SRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Burgevin
- Univ Rennes, LP3C (Laboratoire de Psychologie: Cognition, Comportement, Communication), EA 1285, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Agnès Lacroix
- Univ Rennes, LP3C (Laboratoire de Psychologie: Cognition, Comportement, Communication), EA 1285, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Genavee Brown
- Univ Rennes, LP3C (Laboratoire de Psychologie: Cognition, Comportement, Communication), EA 1285, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Myriam Mikaty
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares CLAD-Ouest, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Virginie Coutinho
- Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France.,Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé Des Populations, Inserm, Villejuif, France
| | - Irène Netchine
- Sorbonne Universités, Inserm, UMR S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Odent
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares CLAD-Ouest, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France.,Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
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210
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Brightman DS, Lokulo-Sodipe O, Searle BA, Mackay DJG, Davies JH, Temple IK, Dauber A. Growth Hormone Improves Short-Term Growth in Patients with Temple Syndrome. Horm Res Paediatr 2019; 90:407-413. [PMID: 30836360 DOI: 10.1159/000496700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Temple syndrome is an imprinting disorder caused by maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 14 (mat UPD14), paternal deletion of 14q32 or paternal hypomethylation of the intergenic differentially methylated region (MEG3/DLK1 IG-DMR). Patients with Temple syndrome have pre- and postnatal growth restriction, short stature, hypotonia, small hands and feet and precocious puberty. We sought to determine whether treatment with growth hormone improves growth outcomes in patients with Temple syndrome. METHODS This was a retrospective observational study reviewing the medical records of 14 patients with Temple syndrome, 7 of whom were treated with growth hormone. RESULTS After 1 year of growth hormone treatment, the height standard deviation score (SDS) increased a median of 1.31 SDS with a median increased height velocity of 5.30 cm/year. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest short-term improvement in height SDS with growth hormone treatment similar to the response in patients treated under the small for gestational age indication. We recommend considering growth hormone therapy in all patients with Temple syndrome who have short stature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana S Brightman
- Genetic Counseling Program, Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA,
| | - Oluwakemi Lokulo-Sodipe
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Beverly A Searle
- Unique - The Rare Chromosome Disorder Support Group, Oxted, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah J G Mackay
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Justin H Davies
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - I Karen Temple
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Dauber
- Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders, Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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211
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Walenkamp MJE, Robers JML, Wit JM, Zandwijken GRJ, van Duyvenvoorde HA, Oostdijk W, Hokken-Koelega ACS, Kant SG, Losekoot M. Phenotypic Features and Response to GH Treatment of Patients With a Molecular Defect of the IGF-1 Receptor. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:3157-3171. [PMID: 30848790 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-02065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The phenotype and response to GH treatment of children with an IGF1R defect is insufficiently known. OBJECTIVE To develop a clinical score for selecting children with short stature for genetic testing and evaluate the efficacy of treatment. DESIGN AND SETTING Case series with an IGF1R defect identified in a university genetic laboratory. PATIENTS AND INTERVENTIONS Of all patients with sufficient clinical data, 18 had (likely) pathogenic mutations (group 1) and 7 had 15q deletions including IGF1R (group 2); 19 patients were treated with GH. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Phenotype and response to GH treatment. RESULTS In groups 1 and 2, mean (range) birth weight, length, and head circumference (HC) SD scores (SDSs) were -2.1 (-3.7 to -0.4), -2.7 (-5.0 to -1.0), and -1.6 (-3.0 to 0.0), respectively. At presentation, height, HC, and serum IGF-1 SDSs were -3.0 (-5.5 to -1.7), -2.5 (-4.2 to -0.5), and +1.2 (-1.3 to 3.2), respectively. Feeding problems were reported in 15 of 19 patients. A clinical score with 76% sensitivity is proposed. After 3 years of GH treatment [1.1 (0.2) mg/m2/d] height gain in groups 1 (n = 12) and 2 (n = 7) was 0.9 SDS and 1.3 SDS (at a mean IGF-1 of 3.5 SDS), less than reported for small for gestational age (1.8 SDS). CONCLUSION A clinical score encompassing birth weight and/or length, short stature, microcephaly, and IGF-1 is useful for selecting patients for IGF1R analysis. Feeding problems are common and the growth response to GH treatment is moderate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie J E Walenkamp
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jasmijn M L Robers
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jan M Wit
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Wilma Oostdijk
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anita C S Hokken-Koelega
- Dutch Growth Research Foundation, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sarina G Kant
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Monique Losekoot
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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212
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Giabicani É, Boulé M, Aubertin G, Galliani E, Brioude F, Dubern B, Netchine I. Sleep disordered breathing in Silver-Russell syndrome patients: a new outcome. Sleep Med 2019; 64:23-29. [PMID: 31655321 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Imprinting disorders (ID), such as Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), are associated with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). No data are available for Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS), another ID that shares clinical features with PWS, although many patients describe excessive daytime sleepiness, disturbed sleep, and snoring. The aim of this study was to characterize sleep in children with SRS and to evaluate the impact of recombinant growth hormone (rGH) therapy. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of sleep recordings in 40 patients with molecularly proven SRS (methylation anomaly in 11p15 [n = 32] or maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 [n = 16]). Sleep recordings were either by means of polygraphy or polysomnography (PSG) (n = 16). A total of 34 patients received rGH therapy. RESULTS We collected 61 sleep recordings. The mean apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was 3.4 events/h (0-12.4), with a mean central AHI of 0.5 events/h (0-2.4). SDB was identified in 73.8% (n = 45) of the recordings and was severe in 4.9%. SDB was present in 86.4% of patients before rGH therapy and was severe in 13.6%. AHI worsened for 5 of 12 patients with sleep recordings before and after rGH therapy initiation, reaching mild impairment. The mean rGH dose was 32.3 μg/kg/(12.9-51.4), with a mean insulin-like growth factor 1 plasma level of 1.7 SDS (-1.9 to 6.6). CONCLUSION Most patients with SRS present with SDB with an obstructive profile, possibly explained by narrowing of the airways and lymphoid organ hypertrophy. We recommend systematic ear-nose-throat evaluation of SRS patients and PSG if there are clinical anomalies, preferably before initiating rGH therapy, to monitor and adapt the management of patients with SDB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éloïse Giabicani
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 938 Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, APHP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France.
| | - Michèle Boulé
- APHP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires et du Sommeil, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Aubertin
- APHP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Service de Pneumologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Références des Maladies Respiratoires Rares de l'Enfant, Paris, France; Centre de Pneumologie de l'Enfant, Ramsay Générale de Santé, Clinique Chirurgicale, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Eva Galliani
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale et Chirurgie Plastique, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Brioude
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 938 Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, APHP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Dubern
- APHP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Service de Nutrition et de Gastroentérologie Pédiatriques, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutriomics, Paris, France
| | - Irène Netchine
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 938 Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, APHP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France
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213
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Yakoreva M, Kahre T, Žordania R, Reinson K, Teek R, Tillmann V, Peet A, Õiglane-Shlik E, Pajusalu S, Murumets Ü, Vals MA, Mee P, Wojcik MH, Õunap K. A retrospective analysis of the prevalence of imprinting disorders in Estonia from 1998 to 2016. Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 27:1649-1658. [PMID: 31186545 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-019-0446-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Imprinting disorders (ImpDis) represent a small group of rare congenital diseases primarily affecting growth, development, and the hormonal and metabolic systems. The aim of present study was to identify the prevalence of the ImpDis in Estonia, to describe trends in the live birth prevalence of these disorders between 1998 and 2016, and to compare the results with previously published data. We retrospectively reviewed the records of all Estonian patients since 1998 with both molecularly and clinically diagnosed ImpDis. A prospective study was also conducted, in which all patients with clinical suspicion for an ImpDis were molecularly analyzed. Eighty-seven individuals with ImpDis were identified. Twenty-seven (31%) of them had Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), 15 (17%) had Angelman syndrome (AS), 15 (17%) had Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS), 12 (14%) had Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), 10 (11%) had pseudo- or pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism, four had central precocious puberty, two had Temple syndrome, one had transient neonatal diabetes mellitus, and one had myoclonus-dystonia syndrome. One third of SRS and BWS cases fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for these disorders, but tested negative for genetic abnormalities. Seventy-six individuals were alive as of January 1, 2018, indicating the total prevalence of ImpDis in Estonia is 5.8/100,000 (95% CI 4.6/100,000-7.2/100,000). The minimum live birth prevalence of all ImpDis in Estonia in 2004-2016 was 1/3,462, PWS 1/13,599, AS 1/27,198, BWS 1/21,154, SRS 1/15,866, and PHP/PPHP 1/27,198. Our results are only partially consistent with previously published data. The worldwide prevalence of SRS and GNAS-gene-related ImpDis is likely underestimated and may be at least three times higher than expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Yakoreva
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tiina Kahre
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Riina Žordania
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Karit Reinson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Rita Teek
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vallo Tillmann
- Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Children's Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Aleksandr Peet
- Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Children's Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eve Õiglane-Shlik
- Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Children's Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sander Pajusalu
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ülle Murumets
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mari-Anne Vals
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Children's Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Pille Mee
- United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Monica H Wojcik
- Divisions of Newborn Medicine and Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Katrin Õunap
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia. .,Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia. .,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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214
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Goedegebuure WJ, Smeets CCJ, Renes JS, de Rijke YB, Hokken-Koelega ACS. Gonadal function and pubertal development in patients with Silver-Russell syndrome. Hum Reprod 2019; 33:2122-2130. [PMID: 30252068 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is gonadal function affected in males and females with Silver-Russell Syndrome (SRS)? SUMMARY ANSWER Sertoli cell dysfunction is more common in males with SRS, with 11p15 LOM, but gonadal function seems to be unaffected in females with SRS. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Males with SRS have an increased risk for genital abnormalities such as cryptorchidism and hypospadias, which could be associated with reproductive problems in later life. In SRS females, an association has been described with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome, which might compromise their reproductive function. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Longitudinal follow-up study, involving 154 subjects, over a time period of 20 years. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Thirty-one SRS patients (14 males) and 123 non-SRS patients born at same gestational age (SGA; 65 males). All received growth hormone and 27.3% received additional gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog treatment (GnRHa). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Mean age at onset of puberty was 11.5 years in SRS males versus 11.6 years in non-SRS males (P = 0.51), and 10.5 years in SRS females versus 10.7 years in non-SRS females (P = 0.50). Four of the 14 SRS males had a post-pubertal inhibin-B level below the fifth percentile compared to healthy controls, and two of them an FSH above the 95th percentile, indicating Sertoli cell dysfunction. One of them had a history of bilateral cryptorchidism and orchiopexy. All SRS females had AMH, LH and FSH levels within the reference range. Pubertal duration to Tanner stage five was similar in SRS and non-SRS. Pubertal height gain was better in SRS patients who additionally received GnRHa (P < 0.01). Mean age at menarche was 13.1 years in SRS versus 13.3 years in non-SRS (P = 0.62). One SRS female had primary amenorrhea due to Müllerian agenesis. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION As this is a rare syndrome, the SRS group had a small size. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS As gonadal function is not affected in females with SRS, it is likely that reproductive function is also not affected. Sertoli cell dysfunction in males with SRS could cause impaired reproductive function and should be assessed during pubertal development. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) No external funding was used for the study. The authors have no conflicts of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Goedegebuure
- Department of Pediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Dutch Growth Research Foundation, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C C J Smeets
- Department of Pediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J S Renes
- Department of Pediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Y B de Rijke
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A C S Hokken-Koelega
- Department of Pediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Dutch Growth Research Foundation, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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215
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Eggermann T, Begemann M, Kurth I, Elbracht M. Contribution of GRB10 to the prenatal phenotype in Silver-Russell syndrome? Lessons from 7p12 copy number variations. Eur J Med Genet 2019; 62:103671. [PMID: 31100449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2019.103671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The growth factor binding protein 10 (GRB10) has been suggested as a candidate gene for Silver-Russell syndrome because of its localization in 7p12, its imprinting status, data from mice models and its putative role in growth. Based on a new patient with normal growth carrying a GRB10 deletion affecting the paternal allele and data from the literature, we conclude that the heterogeneous clinical findings in patients with copy number variations (CNVs) of GRB10 gene depend on the size and the gene content of the CNV. However, evidence from mouse and human cases indicate a growth suppressing role of GRB10 in prenatal development. As a result, an increase of active maternal GRB10 copies, e.g. by maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 or duplications of the region results in intrauterine growth retardation. In contrast, a defective GRB10 copy might result in prenatal overgrowth, whereas the paternal GRB10 allele is not required for proper prenatal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University Aachen (RWTH), Aachen, Germany.
| | - Matthias Begemann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University Aachen (RWTH), Aachen, Germany
| | - Ingo Kurth
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University Aachen (RWTH), Aachen, Germany
| | - Miriam Elbracht
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University Aachen (RWTH), Aachen, Germany
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216
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Brioude F, Toutain A, Giabicani E, Cottereau E, Cormier-Daire V, Netchine I. Overgrowth syndromes - clinical and molecular aspects and tumour risk. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019; 15:299-311. [PMID: 30842651 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-019-0180-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Overgrowth syndromes are a heterogeneous group of rare disorders characterized by generalized or segmental excessive growth commonly associated with additional features, such as visceromegaly, macrocephaly and a large range of various symptoms. These syndromes are caused by either genetic or epigenetic anomalies affecting factors involved in cell proliferation and/or the regulation of epigenetic markers. Some of these conditions are associated with neurological anomalies, such as cognitive impairment or autism. Overgrowth syndromes are frequently associated with an increased risk of cancer (embryonic tumours during infancy or carcinomas during adulthood), but with a highly variable prevalence. Given this risk, syndrome-specific tumour screening protocols have recently been established for some of these conditions. Certain specific clinical traits make it possible to discriminate between different syndromes and orient molecular explorations to determine which molecular tests to conduct, despite the syndromes having overlapping clinical features. Recent advances in molecular techniques using next-generation sequencing approaches have increased the number of patients with an identified molecular defect (especially patients with segmental overgrowth). This Review discusses the clinical and molecular diagnosis, tumour risk and recommendations for tumour screening for the most prevalent generalized and segmental overgrowth syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Brioude
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, AP-HP Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France.
| | - Annick Toutain
- CHU de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, Service de Génétique, INSERM UMR1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine, Tours, France
| | - Eloise Giabicani
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, AP-HP Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Edouard Cottereau
- CHU de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, Service de Génétique, Tours, France
| | - Valérie Cormier-Daire
- Service de génétique clinique, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMR1163, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Irene Netchine
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, AP-HP Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France
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217
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Next generation sequencing and imprinting disorders: Current applications and future perspectives: Lessons from Silver-Russell syndrome. Mol Cell Probes 2019; 44:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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218
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Storr HL, Chatterjee S, Metherell LA, Foley C, Rosenfeld RG, Backeljauw PF, Dauber A, Savage MO, Hwa V. Nonclassical GH Insensitivity: Characterization of Mild Abnormalities of GH Action. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:476-505. [PMID: 30265312 PMCID: PMC6607971 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
GH insensitivity (GHI) presents in childhood with growth failure and in its severe form is associated with extreme short stature and dysmorphic and metabolic abnormalities. In recent years, the clinical, biochemical, and genetic characteristics of GHI and other overlapping short stature syndromes have rapidly expanded. This can be attributed to advancing genetic techniques and a greater awareness of this group of disorders. We review this important spectrum of defects, which present with phenotypes at the milder end of the GHI continuum. We discuss their clinical, biochemical, and genetic characteristics. The objective of this review is to clarify the definition, identification, and investigation of this clinically relevant group of growth defects. We also review the therapeutic challenges of mild GHI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L Storr
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Sumana Chatterjee
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Louise A Metherell
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Corinne Foley
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ron G Rosenfeld
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Philippe F Backeljauw
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Andrew Dauber
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Martin O Savage
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Vivian Hwa
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Vo Quang S, Galliani E, Eche S, Tomat C, Fauroux B, Picard A, Kadlub N. Contribution of a better maxillofacial phenotype in Silver–Russell syndrome to define a better orthodontics and surgical management. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2019; 120:110-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kagami M, Yanagisawa A, Ota M, Matsuoka K, Nakamura A, Matsubara K, Nakabayashi K, Takada S, Fukami M, Ogata T. Temple syndrome in a patient with variably methylated CpGs at the primary MEG3/DLK1:IG-DMR and severely hypomethylated CpGs at the secondary MEG3:TSS-DMR. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:42. [PMID: 30846001 PMCID: PMC6407230 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0640-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The human chromosome 14q32.2 imprinted region harbors the primary MEG3/DLK1:IG-differentially methylated region (DMR) and secondary MEG3:TSS-DMR. The MEG3:TSS-DMR can remain unmethylated only in the presence of unmethylated MEG3/DLK1:IG-DMR in somatic tissues, but not in the placenta, because of a hierarchical regulation of the methylation pattern between the two DMRs. Methods We performed molecular studies in a 4-year-old Japanese girl with Temple syndrome (TS14). Results Pyrosequencing analysis showed extremely low methylation levels of five CpGs at the MEG3:TSS-DMR and grossly normal methylation levels of four CpGs at the MEG3/DLK1:IG-DMR in leukocytes. HumanMethylation450 BeadChip confirmed marked hypomethylation of the MEG3:TSS-DMR and revealed multilocus imprinting disturbance (MLID) including mild hypomethylation of the H19/IGF2:IG-DMR and mild hypermethylation of the GNAS A/B:TSS-DMR in leukocytes. Bisulfite sequencing showed markedly hypomethylated CpGs at the MEG3:TSS-DMR and irregularly and non-differentially methylated CpGs at the MEG3/DLK1:IG-DMR in leukocytes and apparently normal methylation patterns of the two DMRs in the placenta. Maternal uniparental disomy 14 and a deletion involving this imprinted region were excluded. Conclusions Such a methylation pattern of the MEG3/DLK1:IG-DMR has not been reported in patients with TS14. It may be possible that a certain degree of irregular hypomethylation at the MEG3/DLK1:IG-DMR has prevented methylation of the MEG3:TSS-DMR in somatic tissues and that a hypermethylation type MLID has occurred at the MEG3/DLK1:IG-DMR to yield the apparently normal methylation pattern in the placenta. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-019-0640-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayo Kagami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.
| | - Atsuhiro Yanagisawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Yaizu City Hospital, 1000 Doubara, Yaizu, Shizuoka, 425-8505, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, JR Tokyo General Hospital, 2-1-3 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 151-8528, Japan
| | - Miyuki Ota
- Department of Pediatrics, Yaizu City Hospital, 1000 Doubara, Yaizu, Shizuoka, 425-8505, Japan
| | - Kentaro Matsuoka
- Department of Pathology, Dokkyo Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, 2-1-50 Minami-Koshigaya, Koshigaya, Saitama, 343-8555, Japan
| | - Akie Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Keiko Matsubara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakabayashi
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Shuji Takada
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Maki Fukami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Ogata
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan. .,Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan.
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Mackay DJ, Bliek J, Lombardi MP, Russo S, Calzari L, Guzzetti S, Izzi C, Selicorni A, Melis D, Temple K, Maher E, Brioude F, Netchine I, Eggermann T. Discrepant molecular and clinical diagnoses in Beckwith-Wiedemann and Silver-Russell syndromes. Genet Res (Camb) 2019; 101:e3. [PMID: 30829192 PMCID: PMC7044970 DOI: 10.1017/s001667231900003x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) and Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) are two imprinting disorders associated with opposite molecular alterations in the 11p15.5 imprinting centres. Their clinical diagnosis is confirmed by molecular testing in 50-70% of patients. The authors from different reference centres for BWS and SRS have identified single patients with unexpected and even contradictory molecular findings in respect to the clinical diagnosis. These patients clinically do not fit the characteristic phenotypes of SRS or BWS, but illustrate their clinical heterogeneity. Thus, comprehensive molecular testing is essential for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management, to avoid premature clinical diagnosis and anxiety for the families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J.G. Mackay
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK and Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury SP2 8BJ, UK
| | - Jet Bliek
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Paola Lombardi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Russo
- Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Centro di Ricerche e Tecnologie Biomediche IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luciano Calzari
- Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Centro di Ricerche e Tecnologie Biomediche IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Guzzetti
- Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Centro di Ricerche e Tecnologie Biomediche IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Izzi
- Prenatal Diagnosis Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Melis
- Department of Pediatrics, University “Federico II”, Napoli, Italy
| | - Karen Temple
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK and Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury SP2 8BJ, UK
| | - Eamonn Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frédéric Brioude
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), APHP Hôpital Trousseau, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Irène Netchine
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), APHP Hôpital Trousseau, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Postnatal management of growth failure in children born small for gestational age. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2019; 95 Suppl 1:23-29. [PMID: 30550759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To discuss the etiology and growth consequences of small size at birth and the indications, effects, and safety of biosynthetic growth hormone therapy in children born small for gestational age. SOURCE OF DATA A comprehensive and non-systematic search was carried out in the PubMed, LILACS, and SciELO databases from 1980 to the present day, using the terms "small for gestational age," "intrauterine growth restriction," and "growth hormone". The publications were critically selected by the authors. DATA SYNTHESIS Although the majority of children born small for gestational age show spontaneous catch-up growth during the first two years of life, some of them remain with short stature during childhood, with high risk of short stature in adult life. Treatment with growth hormone might be indicated, preferably after 2-4 years of age, in those small for gestational age children who remain short, without catch-up growth. Treatment aims to increase growth velocity and to reach a normal height during childhood and an adult height within target height. Response to growth hormone treatment is variable, with better growth response during the pre-pubertal period. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with growth hormone in short children born small for gestational age is safe and effective to improve adult height. Efforts should be done to identify the etiology of small size at birth before treatment.
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Cardoso‐Demartini AA, Boguszewski MC, Alves CA. Postnatal management of growth failure in children born small for gestational age. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Monteagudo-Sánchez A, Sánchez-Delgado M, Mora JRH, Santamaría NT, Gratacós E, Esteller M, de Heredia ML, Nunes V, Choux C, Fauque P, de Nanclares GP, Anton L, Elovitz MA, Iglesias-Platas I, Monk D. Differences in expression rather than methylation at placenta-specific imprinted loci is associated with intrauterine growth restriction. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:35. [PMID: 30808399 PMCID: PMC6390544 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0630-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide studies have begun to link subtle variations in both allelic DNA methylation and parent-of-origin genetic effects with early development. Numerous reports have highlighted that the placenta plays a critical role in coordinating fetal growth, with many key functions regulated by genomic imprinting. With the recent description of wide-spread polymorphic placenta-specific imprinting, the molecular mechanisms leading to this curious polymorphic epigenetic phenomenon is unknown, as is their involvement in pregnancies complications. RESULTS Profiling of 35 ubiquitous and 112 placenta-specific imprinted differentially methylated regions (DMRs) using high-density methylation arrays and pyrosequencing revealed isolated aberrant methylation at ubiquitous DMRs as well as abundant hypomethylation at placenta-specific DMRs. Analysis of the underlying chromatin state revealed that the polymorphic nature is not only evident at the level of allelic methylation, but DMRs can also adopt an unusual epigenetic signature where the underlying histones are biallelically enrichment of H3K4 methylation, a modification normally mutually exclusive with DNA methylation. Quantitative expression analysis in placenta identified two genes, GPR1-AS1 and ZDBF2, that were differentially expressed between IUGRs and control samples after adjusting for clinical factors, revealing coordinated deregulation at the chromosome 2q33 imprinted locus. CONCLUSIONS DNA methylation is less stable at placenta-specific imprinted DMRs compared to ubiquitous DMRs and contributes to privileged state of the placenta epigenome. IUGR-associated expression differences were identified for several imprinted transcripts independent of allelic methylation. Further work is required to determine if these differences are the cause IUGR or reflect unique adaption by the placenta to developmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Monteagudo-Sánchez
- Imprinting and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, Av. Gran Via de L'Hospotalet 199-203, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Sánchez-Delgado
- Imprinting and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, Av. Gran Via de L'Hospotalet 199-203, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Ramon Hernandez Mora
- Imprinting and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, Av. Gran Via de L'Hospotalet 199-203, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Tubío Santamaría
- Imprinting and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, Av. Gran Via de L'Hospotalet 199-203, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Leibniz Institute on Aging, Jena, Germany
| | - Eduard Gratacós
- Fetal I+D Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, Gran via, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miguel López de Heredia
- Human Molecular Genetics group, Genes, disease and Therapy Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, Av. Gran Via de L'Hospitalet 199-203, 08907, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Virgina Nunes
- Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Human Molecular Genetics group, Genes, disease and Therapy Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, Av. Gran Via de L'Hospitalet 199-203, 08907, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciòn Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecile Choux
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté - INSERM UMR1231, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Patricia Fauque
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté - INSERM UMR1231, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Guiomar Perez de Nanclares
- (Epi) Genetics Laboratory, BioAraba National Health Institute, Hospital Universitario Araba-Txagorritxu, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava, Spain
| | - Lauren Anton
- Maternal and Child Health Research Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Michal A Elovitz
- Maternal and Child Health Research Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Isabel Iglesias-Platas
- GReN (Grup de Reçerca en Neonatologia), BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Institut de Reçerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Monk
- Imprinting and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, Av. Gran Via de L'Hospotalet 199-203, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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Adachi M, Fukami M, Kagami M, Sho N, Yamazaki Y, Tanaka Y, Asakura Y, Hanakawa J, Muroya K. Severe in utero under-virilization in a 46,XY patient with Silver-Russell syndrome with 11p15 loss of methylation. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2019; 32:191-196. [PMID: 30676999 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2018-0464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is characterized by growth retardation and variable features including macrocephaly, body asymmetry, and genital manifestations such as cryptorchidism in 46,XY patients. Case presentation The patient was born at 39 weeks with a birth weight of 1344 g. Subtle clitoromegaly warranted a thorough evaluation, which disclosed 46,XY karyotype, bilateral undescended testes, and a rudimentary uterus. Because of severe under-virilization, the patient was assigned as female. Failure to thrive, macrocephaly, and body asymmetry led to the diagnosis of SRS, confirmed by marked hypomethylation of H19/IGF2 intergenic differentially methylated region (IG-DMR). From age 9 years, progressive virilization occurred, which necessitated luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog (LHRHa) treatment. Gonadal resection at 15 years revealed immature testes with mostly Sertoli-cell-only tubules. Panel analysis for 46,XY-differences of sex development (DSD) failed to detect any pathogenic variants. Conclusions This is the second reported case of molecularly proven 46,XY SRS accompanied by severe under-virilization. SRS should be included in the differential diagnosis of 46,XY-DSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Adachi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Maki Fukami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayo Kagami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Sho
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yamazaki
- Department of Urology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yukichi Tanaka
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yumi Asakura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Junko Hanakawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Koji Muroya
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
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Kraft F, Wesseler K, Begemann M, Kurth I, Elbracht M, Eggermann T. Novel familial distal imprinting centre 1 (11p15.5) deletion provides further insights in imprinting regulation. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:30. [PMID: 30770769 PMCID: PMC6377752 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0629-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deletions of the imprinting centre 1 (IC1) in 11p15.5 are rare and their clinical significance is not only influenced by their parental origin but also by their exact genomic localization. In case the maternal IC1 allele is affected, the deletion is associated with the overgrowth disorder Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) and a gain of methylation (GOM) of the IC1. The consequences of deletions of the paternal IC1 allele depend on the localization and probably the binding sites of methylation-specific DNA-binding factors affected by the change. It has been suggested that distal deletions of the paternal allele are associated with a normal IC1 methylation and phenotype, whereas proximal alterations cause a loss of methylation (LOM) and Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) features. RESULTS In a patient referred for molecular BWS testing and his family, a deletion within the IC1 was identified by MLPA. It was associated with a GOM, corresponding to the transmission of the alteration via the maternal germline. Accordingly, the deletion was also detectable in the maternal grandmother, but here the paternal chromosome 11p15.5 was affected and a IC1 LOM was observed. By nanopore sequencing, the localization of the deletion could be precisely determined. CONCLUSIONS We report for the first time both GOM and LOM of the IC1 in the same family, caused by transmission of a 2.2-kb deletion in 11p15.5. Nanopore sequencing allowed the precise characterization of the change by long-read sequencing and thereby provides further insights in the regulation of imprinting in the IC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Kraft
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katharina Wesseler
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Begemann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ingo Kurth
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Miriam Elbracht
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074, Aachen, Germany.
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Collett-Solberg PF, Jorge AAL, Boguszewski MCS, Miller BS, Choong CSY, Cohen P, Hoffman AR, Luo X, Radovick S, Saenger P. Growth hormone therapy in children; research and practice - A review. Growth Horm IGF Res 2019; 44:20-32. [PMID: 30605792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Short stature remains the most common reason for referral to a pediatric Endocrinologist and its management remains a challenge. One of the main controversies is the diagnosis of idiopathic short stature and the role of new technologies for genetic investigation of children with inadequate growth. Complexities in management of children with short stature includes selection of who should receive interventions such as recombinant human growth hormone, and how should this agent dose be adjusted during treatment. Should anthropometrical data be the primary determinant or should biochemical and genetic data be used to improve growth response and safety? Furthermore, what is considered a suboptimal response to growth hormone therapy and how should this be managed? Treatment of children with short stature remains a "hot" topic and more data is needed in several areas. These issues are reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Ferrez Collett-Solberg
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Alexander A L Jorge
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), the Endocrinology Division/Genetic Endocrinology Unit (LIM 25), Brazil.
| | | | - Bradley S Miller
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, USA.
| | - Catherine Seut Yhoke Choong
- Division of Pediatrics School of Medicine, Perth Childrens Hospital, University of Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- Dean, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Andrew R Hoffman
- Senior Vice Chair for Academic Affairs, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, USA.
| | - Xiaoping Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Sally Radovick
- Department of Pediatrics, Senior Associate Dean for Clinical and Translational Research, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, USA.
| | - Paul Saenger
- New York University Winthrop Hospital, 101 Mineola Boulevard, Mineola, NY 11201, USA.
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Abi Habib W, Brioude F, Azzi S, Rossignol S, Linglart A, Sobrier ML, Giabicani É, Steunou V, Harbison MD, Le Bouc Y, Netchine I. Transcriptional profiling at the DLK1/MEG3 domain explains clinical overlap between imprinting disorders. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau9425. [PMID: 30801013 PMCID: PMC6382400 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau9425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Imprinting disorders (IDs) often affect growth in humans, leading to diseases with overlapping features, regardless of the genomic region affected. IDs related to hypomethylation of the human 14q32.2 region and its DLK1/MEG3 domain are associated with Temple syndrome (TS14). TS14 is a rare type of growth retardation, the clinical signs of which overlap considerably with those of Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS), another ID related to IGF2 down-regulation at 11p15.5 region. We show that 14q32.2 hypomethylation affects expression, not only for genes at this locus but also for other imprinted genes, and especially lowers IGF2 levels at 11p15.5. Furthermore, expression of nonimprinted genes is also affected, some of which are also deregulated in SRS patients. These findings highlight the epigenetic regulation of gene expression at the DLK1/MEG3 domain. Expression profiling of TS14 and SRS patients highlights common signatures, which may account for the clinical overlap observed between TS14 and SRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Abi Habib
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Service d’Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Brioude
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Service d’Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France
| | - Salah Azzi
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Service d’Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Rossignol
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence pour les Anomalies du Développement (FECLAD), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Agnès Linglart
- Endocrinology and Diabetology for Children and Reference Center for Rare Disorders of Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, Bicêtre Paris Sud, AP-HP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM U986, INSERM, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Marie-Laure Sobrier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Éloïse Giabicani
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Service d’Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Steunou
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Madeleine D. Harbison
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yves Le Bouc
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Service d’Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France
| | - Irène Netchine
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Service d’Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France
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229
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Brzezinski J, Michaeli O, Wasserman JD. Tumor risk and surveillance for children with hereditary disorders affecting growth. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2019; 26:66-76. [PMID: 30516551 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hereditary disorders affecting growth (both overgrowth and growth retardation) are frequently associated with heightened risk of neoplastic disease. This review summarizes the tumor spectra associated with these conditions and identifies disease-specific screening approaches. RECENT FINDINGS An understanding of the molecular events underlying many of these growth disorders has evolved significantly over the past several years. Recognition of genotype-phenotype associations, in many cases, informs the cancer risk profile. Additionally, accumulating data suggest a benefit of rational presymptomatic surveillance for at-risk individuals, with a reduction in tumor-associated morbidity. Recent clinical practice recommendations have established risk-driven paradigms for tumor surveillance in the context of hereditary tumor predisposition syndromes, including those affecting growth. SUMMARY Clinicians caring for children with growth disorders should be aware of syndromic associations and the associated cancer risks. Knowledge of tumor spectra and recommended surveillance strategies may facilitate tumor diagnosis at an early stage and reduce morbidity of the disease and associated treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Brzezinski
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children
- Institute of Medical Science, The University of Toronto
| | - Orli Michaeli
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children
| | - Jonathan D Wasserman
- Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto
- Genetics & Genome Biology Program, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Suntharalingham JP, Ishida M, Buonocore F, del Valle I, Solanky N, Demetriou C, Regan L, Moore GE, Achermann JC. Analysis of CDKN1C in fetal growth restriction and pregnancy loss. F1000Res 2019; 8:90. [PMID: 31497289 PMCID: PMC6713069 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.15016.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C (CDKN1C) is a key negative regulator of cell growth encoded by a paternally imprinted/maternally expressed gene in humans. Loss-of-function variants in CDKN1C are associated with an overgrowth condition (Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome) whereas "gain-of-function" variants in CDKN1C that increase protein stability cause growth restriction as part of IMAGe syndrome ( Intrauterine growth restriction, Metaphyseal dysplasia, Adrenal hypoplasia and Genital anomalies). As three families have been reported with CDKN1C mutations who have fetal growth restriction (FGR)/Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) without adrenal insufficiency, we investigated whether pathogenic variants in CDKN1C could be associated with isolated growth restriction or recurrent loss of pregnancy. Methods: Analysis of published literature was undertaken to review the localisation of variants in CDKN1C associated with IMAGe syndrome or fetal growth restriction. CDKN1C expression in different tissues was analysed in available RNA-Seq data (Human Protein Atlas). Targeted sequencing was used to investigate the critical region of CDKN1C for potential pathogenic variants in SRS (n=66), FGR (n=37), DNA from spontaneous loss of pregnancy (n= 22) and women with recurrent miscarriages (n=78) (total n=203). Results: All published single nucleotide variants associated with IMAGe syndrome are located in a highly-conserved "hot-spot" within the PCNA-binding domain of CDKN1C between codons 272-279. Variants associated with familial growth restriction but normal adrenal function currently affect codons 279 and 281. CDKN1C is highly expressed in the placenta compared to adult tissues, which may contribute to the FGR phenotype and supports a role in pregnancy maintenance. In the patient cohorts studied no pathogenic variants were identified in the PCNA-binding domain of CDKN1C. Conclusion: CDKN1C is a key negative regulator of growth. Variants in a very localised "hot-spot" cause growth restriction, with or without adrenal insufficiency. However, pathogenic variants in this region are not a common cause of isolated fetal growth restriction phenotypes or loss-of-pregnancy/recurrent miscarriages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer P. Suntharalingham
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Miho Ishida
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Federica Buonocore
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Ignacio del Valle
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Nita Solanky
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Charalambos Demetriou
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Lesley Regan
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Gudrun E. Moore
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - John C. Achermann
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
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Suntharalingham JP, Ishida M, Buonocore F, del Valle I, Solanky N, Demetriou C, Regan L, Moore GE, Achermann JC. Analysis of CDKN1C in fetal growth restriction and pregnancy loss. F1000Res 2019; 8:90. [PMID: 31497289 PMCID: PMC6713069 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.15016.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C (CDKN1C) is a key negative regulator of cell growth encoded by a paternally imprinted/maternally expressed gene in humans. Loss-of-function variants in CDKN1C are associated with an overgrowth condition (Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome) whereas "gain-of-function" variants in CDKN1C that increase protein stability cause growth restriction as part of IMAGe syndrome ( Intrauterine growth restriction, Metaphyseal dysplasia, Adrenal hypoplasia and Genital anomalies). As two families have been reported with CDKN1C mutations who have fetal growth restriction (FGR)/Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) without adrenal insufficiency, we investigated whether pathogenic variants in CDKN1C could be associated with isolated growth restriction or recurrent loss of pregnancy. Methods: Analysis of published literature was undertaken to review the localisation of variants in CDKN1C associated with IMAGe syndrome or fetal growth restriction. CDKN1C expression in different tissues was analysed in available RNA-Seq data (Human Protein Atlas). Targeted sequencing was used to investigate the critical region of CDKN1C for potential pathogenic variants in SRS (n=58), FGR (n=26), DNA from spontaneous loss of pregnancy (n= 21) and women with recurrent miscarriages (n=71) (total n=176). Results: All published single nucleotide variants associated with IMAGe syndrome are located in a highly-conserved "hot-spot" within the PCNA-binding domain of CDKN1C between codons 272-279. Variants associated with familial growth restriction but normal adrenal function currently affect codons 279 and 281. CDKN1C is highly expressed in the placenta compared to adult tissues, which may contribute to the FGR phenotype and supports a role in pregnancy maintenance. In the patient cohorts studied no pathogenic variants were identified in the PCNA-binding domain of CDKN1C. Conclusion: CDKN1C is a key negative regulator of growth. Variants in a very localised "hot-spot" cause growth restriction, with or without adrenal insufficiency. However, pathogenic variants in this region are not a common cause of isolated fetal growth restriction phenotypes or loss-of-pregnancy/recurrent miscarriages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer P. Suntharalingham
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Miho Ishida
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Federica Buonocore
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Ignacio del Valle
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Nita Solanky
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Charalambos Demetriou
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Lesley Regan
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Gudrun E. Moore
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - John C. Achermann
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
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232
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Midro AT, Tommerup N, Borys J, Panasiuk B, Kosztyła-Hojna B, Zalewska R, Konstantynowicz J, Łebkowska U, Cooper L, Scherer SE, Mehrjouy MM, Liu Q, Skowroński R, Stankiewicz P. Neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies and distal limb anomalies syndrome due to disruption of BPTF in a 35-year-old man initially diagnosed with Silver-Russell syndrome. Clin Genet 2019; 95:534-536. [PMID: 30633344 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alina T Midro
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Niels Tommerup
- Wilhelm Johannsen Centre for Functional Genome Research Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (ICMM), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Borys
- Clinic of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Medical University, Białystok, Poland
| | - Barbara Panasiuk
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Renata Zalewska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University, Białystok, Poland
| | - Jerzy Konstantynowicz
- Department of Pediatrics, Rheumatology, Immunology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Medical University, Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Lance Cooper
- Baylor Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Steven E Scherer
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Manna M Mehrjouy
- Wilhelm Johannsen Centre for Functional Genome Research Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (ICMM), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rafał Skowroński
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Paweł Stankiewicz
- Baylor Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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233
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Kvernebo Sunnergren K, Ankarberg-Lindgren C, Dahlgren J. Adrenal and Gonadal Activity, Androgen Concentrations, and Adult Height Outcomes in Boys With Silver-Russell Syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:829. [PMID: 31920957 PMCID: PMC6914679 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We have previously shown that adult height (AH) in males with Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) correlated negatively with prepubertal estradiol concentrations. We aimed to identify the source of estradiol by analyzing androgen secretion profiles and measuring anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B concentrations during childhood and puberty in this group of patients. Methods: In a retrospective longitudinal single-center study, 13 males with SRS were classified as non-responders (NRs = 8) or responders (Rs = 5), depending on the AH outcome. From 6 years of age, androgens were determined by mass spectrometry, and AMH, inhibin B and sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations were analyzed by immunoassays. Results: AH outcome correlated negatively with dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS) at 8 (r = -0.72), 10 (r = -0.79), and 12 years (r = -0.72); testosterone at 10 (r = -0.94), 12 (r = -0.70) and 14 years (r = -0.64); dihydrotestosterone (DHT) at 10 (r = -0.62) and 12 years; (r = -0.57) and AMH at 12 years (r = 0.62) of age. Compared with Rs, NRs had higher median concentrations of DHEAS (μmol/L) at 10 years (2.9 vs. 1.0); androstenedione (nmol/L) at 10 (1.1 vs. 0.6) and 12 years (1.7 vs. 0.8); testosterone (nmol/L) at 10 (0.3 vs. 0.1), 12 (7.8 vs. 0.2) and 14 years (15.6 vs. 10.4); and DHT (pmol/L) at 10 (122 vs. 28) and 12 years (652 vs. 59) of age. AMH (ng/mL) was lower in NRs than in Rs at 12 years of age (11 vs. 50). No significant differences were observed in the inhibin B concentrations at any age. Conclusions: The elevated androgen concentrations before and during puberty, originated from both adrenal and gonadal secretion and correlated negatively with AH outcomes in males with SRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjersti Kvernebo Sunnergren
- Göteborg Pediatric Growth Research Center (GP-GRC), Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Carina Ankarberg-Lindgren
- Göteborg Pediatric Growth Research Center (GP-GRC), Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jovanna Dahlgren
- Göteborg Pediatric Growth Research Center (GP-GRC), Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Queen Silva Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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234
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Argente J, Tatton-Brown K, Lehwalder D, Pfäffle R. Genetics of Growth Disorders-Which Patients Require Genetic Testing? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:602. [PMID: 31555216 PMCID: PMC6742727 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The second 360° European Meeting on Growth Hormone Disorders, held in Barcelona, Spain, in June 2017, included a session entitled Pragmatism vs. Curiosity in Genetic Diagnosis of Growth Disorders, which examined current concepts of genetics and growth in the clinical setting, in terms of both growth failure and overgrowth. For patients with short stature, multiple genes have been identified that result in GH deficiency, which may be isolated or associated with additional pituitary hormone deficiencies, or in growth hormone resistance, primary insulin-like growth factor (IGF) acid-labile subunit deficiency, IGF-I deficiency, IGF-II deficiency, IGF-I resistance, and primary PAPP-A2 deficiency. While genetic causes of short stature were previously thought to primarily be associated with the GH-IGF-I axis, it is now established that multiple genetic anomalies not associated with the GH-IGF-I axis can result in short stature. A number of genetic anomalies have also been shown to be associated with overgrowth, some of which involve the GH-IGF-I axis. In patients with overgrowth in combination with an intellectual disability, two predominant gene families, the epigenetic regulator genes, and PI3K/AKT pathway genes, have now been identified. Specific processes should be followed for decisions on which patients require genetic testing and which genes should be examined for anomalies. The decision to carry out genetic testing should be directed by the clinical process, not merely for research purposes. The intention of genetic testing should be to direct the clinical options for management of the growth disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Argente
- Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III and IMDEA Institute, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Jesús Argente
| | - Katrina Tatton-Brown
- Institute of Cancer Research, St George's University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London and St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dagmar Lehwalder
- Global Medical Affairs, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Roland Pfäffle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Roland Pfäffle
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235
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Giabicani E, Chantot-Bastaraud S, Bonnard A, Rachid M, Whalen S, Netchine I, Brioude F. Roles of Type 1 Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF) Receptor and IGF-II in Growth Regulation: Evidence From a Patient Carrying Both an 11p Paternal Duplication and 15q Deletion. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:263. [PMID: 31114545 PMCID: PMC6503735 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We report an original association of complex genetic defects in a patient carrying both an 11p paternal duplication, resulting in the double expression of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), as reported in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, and a 15q terminal deletion, including the type 1 IGF receptor gene (IGF1R), resulting in haploinsufficiency for this gene. The patient was born with measurements appropriate for her gestational age but experienced growth retardation in early childhood, allowing a better comprehension of the IGF system in the pathophysiology of growth. It is possible that IGF-II plays a key role in fetal growth, independently of IGF1R signaling, and that its role is less important in post-natal growth, leaving IGF-I and growth hormone as the main actors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloïse Giabicani
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, APHP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Eloïse Giabicani
| | - Sandra Chantot-Bastaraud
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, APHP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France
- APHP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Département de Génétique, UF de Génétique Chromosomique, Paris, France
| | - Adeline Bonnard
- APHP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Département de Génétique, UF de Génétique Chromosomique, Paris, France
| | - Myriam Rachid
- APHP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Département de Génétique, UF de Génétique Chromosomique, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Whalen
- AP-HP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Department of Medical Genetics and Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs et Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes rares, Paris, France
| | - Irène Netchine
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, APHP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Brioude
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, APHP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France
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236
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Ballard LM, Jenkinson E, Byrne CD, Child JC, Davies JH, Inskip H, Lokulo-Sodipe O, Mackay DJG, Wakeling EL, Temple IK, Fenwick A. Lived experience of Silver-Russell syndrome: implications for management during childhood and into adulthood. Arch Dis Child 2019; 104:76-82. [PMID: 29954740 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2018-314952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is limited information on the psychosocial impact of growing up with Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS), characterised by slow growth in utero leading to short stature in adulthood. Such information could aid families in making difficult treatment decisions and guide management strategies for health professionals. We aimed to explore the lived experience of people with SRS across the lifespan. DESIGN/SETTING/PATIENTS In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted between January 2015 and October 2016 with a sample of 15 adults (six women) with genetically confirmed SRS from the UK. Qualitative interviews were transcribed and coded to identify similarities and differences: codes were then grouped to form overarching themes. RESULTS Four themes were identified from participant accounts: (1) appearance-related concerns extending beyond height; (2) strategies to deal with real and perceived threats; (3) women's experiences of pain, disability and feeling older than their years; and (4) feeling overlooked in romantic relationships. These themes show that other factors, beyond short stature, affect patient well-being and indicate a mismatch between patient need and healthcare provision. CONCLUSIONS Challenges in SRS during childhood and adolescence were central to the psychosocial impact of SRS, and were not limited to height. These challenges, as well as symptoms such as pain and fatigue for women, have not previously been documented. To help individuals with SRS develop strategies to manage psychosocial issues, we recommend clinicians incorporate psychological services as an integral part of multidisciplinary teams managing individuals with SRS during childhood, adolescence and adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Marie Ballard
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Ethics and Law, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Elizabeth Jenkinson
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Nutrition and Metabolism Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Southampton National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Jenny C Child
- Membership and Communications, Child Growth Foundation, Sutton Coldfield, UK
| | - Justin Huw Davies
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton Children's Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Hazel Inskip
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Oluwakemi Lokulo-Sodipe
- Faculty of Medicine, Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Emma L Wakeling
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - I Karen Temple
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Angela Fenwick
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Ethics and Law, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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237
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Vado Y, Errea-Dorronsoro J, Llano-Rivas I, Gorria N, Pereda A, Gener B, Garcia-Naveda L, Perez de Nanclares G. Cri-du-chat syndrome mimics Silver-Russell syndrome depending on the size of the deletion: a case report. BMC Med Genomics 2018; 11:124. [PMID: 30587166 PMCID: PMC6307281 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-018-0441-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silver-Russell Syndrome (SRS) is a rare growth-related genetic disorder mainly characterized by prenatal and postnatal growth failure. Although molecular causes are not clear in all cases, the most common mechanisms involved in SRS are loss of methylation on chromosome 11p15 (≈50%) and maternal uniparental disomy for chromosome 7 (upd(7)mat) (≈10%). CASE PRESENTATION We present a girl with clinical suspicion of SRS (intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation, prominent forehead, triangular face, mild psychomotor delay, transient neonatal hypoglycemia, mild hypotonia and single umbilical artery). Methylation and copy number variations at chromosomes 11 and 7 were studied by methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and as no alterations were found, molecular karyotyping was performed. A deletion at 5p15.33p15.2 was identified (arr[GRCh37] 5p15.33p15.2(25942-11644643)× 1), similar to those found in patients with Cri-du-chat Syndrome (CdCS). CdCS is a genetic disease resulting from a deletion of variable size occurring on the short arm of chromosome 5 (5p-), whose main feature is a high-pitched mewing cry in infancy, accompanied by multiple congenital anomalies, intellectual disability, microcephaly and facial dysmorphism. CONCLUSIONS The absence of some CdCS features in the current patient could be due to the fact that in her case the critical regions responsible do not lie within the identified deletion. In fact, a literature review revealed a high degree of concordance between the clinical manifestations of the two syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yerai Vado
- Rare Diseases Research Group. Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, BioAraba Health Research Institute, OSI Araba University Hospital, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba, Spain
- Laboratory of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba Spain
| | - Javier Errea-Dorronsoro
- Rare Diseases Research Group. Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, BioAraba Health Research Institute, OSI Araba University Hospital, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba, Spain
| | - Isabel Llano-Rivas
- Service of Genetics, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Nerea Gorria
- Service of Pediatric Neurology, BioAraba Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Araba-Txagorritxu, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba Spain
| | - Arrate Pereda
- Rare Diseases Research Group. Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, BioAraba Health Research Institute, OSI Araba University Hospital, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba, Spain
| | - Blanca Gener
- Service of Genetics, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Laura Garcia-Naveda
- Service of Genetics, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Guiomar Perez de Nanclares
- Rare Diseases Research Group. Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, BioAraba Health Research Institute, OSI Araba University Hospital, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba, Spain
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238
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Genetic Analysis and Clinical Presentation in Silver Russell Syndrome. Indian J Pediatr 2018; 85:1141-1142. [PMID: 30039337 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-018-2738-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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239
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Finken MJJ, van der Steen M, Smeets CCJ, Walenkamp MJE, de Bruin C, Hokken-Koelega ACS, Wit JM. Children Born Small for Gestational Age: Differential Diagnosis, Molecular Genetic Evaluation, and Implications. Endocr Rev 2018; 39:851-894. [PMID: 29982551 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Children born small for gestational age (SGA), defined as a birth weight and/or length below -2 SD score (SDS), comprise a heterogeneous group. The causes of SGA are multifactorial and include maternal lifestyle and obstetric factors, placental dysfunction, and numerous fetal (epi)genetic abnormalities. Short-term consequences of SGA include increased risks of hypothermia, polycythemia, and hypoglycemia. Although most SGA infants show catch-up growth by 2 years of age, ∼10% remain short. Short children born SGA are amenable to GH treatment, which increases their adult height by on average 1.25 SD. Add-on treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist may be considered in early pubertal children with an expected adult height below -2.5 SDS. A small birth size increases the risk of later neurodevelopmental problems and cardiometabolic diseases. GH treatment does not pose an additional risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn J J Finken
- Department of Pediatrics, VU University Medical Center, MB Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Manouk van der Steen
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center/Sophia Children's Hospital, CN Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carolina C J Smeets
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center/Sophia Children's Hospital, CN Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marie J E Walenkamp
- Department of Pediatrics, VU University Medical Center, MB Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christiaan de Bruin
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, RC Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anita C S Hokken-Koelega
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center/Sophia Children's Hospital, CN Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan M Wit
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, RC Leiden, Netherlands
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240
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Ibáñez L, Barouti K, Markantes GK, Armeni AK, Georgopoulos NA. Pediatric endocrinology: an overview of the last decade. Hormones (Athens) 2018; 17:439-449. [PMID: 30293227 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-018-0067-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, considerable progress has been made in the field of pediatric endocrinology. However, there is still a long way to go regarding the exploration of novel avenues, such as epigenetics, the changing views on the pathophysiology and derived therapy of specific disorders, and the prevention of prevalent diseases. The next decade will hopefully bring the consolidation of most of those achievements and the development of new pathways for further progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Ibáñez
- Pediatric Research Institute Sant Joan de Deu, University of Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain & CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, 08950 Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Konstantina Barouti
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Georgios K Markantes
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Anastasia K Armeni
- Pediatric Research Institute Sant Joan de Deu, University of Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain & CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Neoklis A Georgopoulos
- Pediatric Research Institute Sant Joan de Deu, University of Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain & CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
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241
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Cirello V, Giorgini V, Castronovo C, Marelli S, Mainini E, Sironi A, Recalcati MP, Pessina M, Giardino D, Larizza L, Persani L, Finelli P, Russo S, Fugazzola L. Segmental Maternal UPD of Chromosome 7q in a Patient With Pendred and Silver Russell Syndromes-Like Features. Front Genet 2018; 9:600. [PMID: 30555519 PMCID: PMC6284021 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pendred syndrome (PS) is an autosomal recessive disorder due to mutations in the SLC26A4 gene (chr7q22. 3) and characterized by sensorineural hearing loss and variable thyroid phenotype. Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is a heterogeneous imprinting disorder including severe intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation, and dysmorphic features. Maternal uniparental disomy of either the whole chromosome 7 (upd(7)mat) or 7q (upd(7q)mat) is one of the multiple mechanisms impacting the expression of imprinted genes in SRS, and is associated with milder clinical features. Here, we report genetic and clinical characterization of a female child with PS, postnatal growth retardation, and minor dysmorphic features. A gross homozygous deletion of SLC26A4 exons 17-20 was suspected by Sanger sequencing and then confirmed by array-CGH. Moreover, an insertion of about 1 kb of the CCDC126 gene (7p15.3), which does not appear to be clinically relevant, was detected. The possible occurrence of a balanced rearrangement between 7p and 7q was excluded. The absence of the deletion in the father led to the investigation of upd, and microsatellite segregation analysis revealed a segmental 7q (upd(7q)mat), leading to SLC26A4 homozygosity and responsible for both PS and SRS-like traits. The proband matched 3 out of 6 major SRS criteria. In conclusion, this is the first report of uniparental isodisomy encompassing almost the whole long arm of chromosome 7 resulting in PS and SRS-like features. Whereas, the inner ear phenotype of PS is typical, the clinical features suggestive of SRS might have been overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cirello
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Giorgini
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Castronovo
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Susan Marelli
- Neuropsychiatry and Neurorehabilitation Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Lecco, Italy
| | - Ester Mainini
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sironi
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Recalcati
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Pessina
- Neuropsychiatry and Neurorehabilitation Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Lecco, Italy
| | - Daniela Giardino
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lidia Larizza
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Persani
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Palma Finelli
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Russo
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Fugazzola
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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242
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Homma TK, Krepischi ACV, Furuya TK, Honjo RS, Malaquias AC, Bertola DR, Costa SS, Canton AP, Roela RA, Freire BL, Kim CA, Rosenberg C, Jorge AAL. Recurrent Copy Number Variants Associated with Syndromic Short Stature of Unknown Cause. Horm Res Paediatr 2018; 89:13-21. [PMID: 29130988 DOI: 10.1159/000481777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Genetic imbalances are responsible for many cases of short stature of unknown etiology. This study aims to identify recurrent pathogenic copy number variants (CNVs) in patients with syndromic short stature of unknown cause. METHODS We selected 229 children with short stature and dysmorphic features, developmental delay, and/or intellectual disability, but without a recognized syndrome. All patients were evaluated by chromosomal microarray (array-based comparative genomic hybridization/single nucleotide polymorphism array). Additionally, we searched databases and previous studies to recover recurrent pathogenic CNVs associated with short stature. RESULTS We identified 32 pathogenic/probably pathogenic CNVs in 229 patients. By reviewing the literature, we selected 4 previous studies which evaluated CNVs in cohorts of patients with short stature. Taken together, there were 671 patients with short stature of unknown cause evaluated by chromosomal microarray. Pathogenic/probably pathogenic CNVs were identified in 87 patients (13%). Seven recurrent CNVs, 22q11.21, 15q26, 1p36.33, Xp22.33, 17p13.3, 1q21.1, 2q24.2, were observed. They are responsible for about 40% of all pathogenic/probably pathogenic genomic imbalances found in short stature patients of unknown cause. CONCLUSION CNVs seem to play a significant role in patients with short stature. Chromosomal microarray should be used as a diagnostic tool for evaluation of growth disorders, especially for syndromic short stature of unknown cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais K Homma
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Genetica, Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratorio de Hormonios e Genetica Molecular LIM42, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C V Krepischi
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (IB-USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiane K Furuya
- Laboratorio de Oncologia Experimental LIM24, Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia do Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (CTO/ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rachel S Honjo
- Unidade de Genetica do Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexsandra C Malaquias
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Pediatrica, Departamento de Pediatria, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Debora R Bertola
- Unidade de Genetica do Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia S Costa
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (IB-USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana P Canton
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Genetica, Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosimeire A Roela
- Laboratorio de Oncologia Experimental LIM24, Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia do Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (CTO/ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna L Freire
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratorio de Hormonios e Genetica Molecular LIM42, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Chong A Kim
- Unidade de Genetica do Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Rosenberg
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (IB-USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexander A L Jorge
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Genetica, Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratorio de Hormonios e Genetica Molecular LIM42, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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243
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Inoue T, Yagasaki H, Nishioka J, Nakamura A, Matsubara K, Narumi S, Nakabayashi K, Yamazawa K, Fuke T, Oka A, Ogata T, Fukami M, Kagami M. Molecular and clinical analyses of two patients with UPD(16)mat detected by screening 94 patients with Silver-Russell syndrome phenotype of unknown aetiology. J Med Genet 2018; 56:413-418. [PMID: 30242100 PMCID: PMC6582712 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2018-105463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Recently, a patient with maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 16 (UPD(16)mat) presenting with Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) phenotype was reported. SRS is characterised by growth failure and dysmorphic features. Objective To clarify the prevalence of UPD(16)mat in aetiology-unknown patients with SRS phenotype and phenotypic differences between UPD(16)mat and SRS. Methods We studied 94 patients with SRS phenotype of unknown aetiology. Sixty-three satisfied the Netchine-Harbison clinical scoring system (NH-CSS) criteria, and 25 out of 63 patients showed both protruding forehead and relative macrocephaly (clinical SRS). The remaining 31 patients met only three NH-CSS criteria, but were clinically suspected as having SRS. To detect UPD(16)mat, we performed methylation analysis for the ZNF597:TSS-differentially methylated region (DMR) on chromosome 16 and subsequently performed microsatellite, SNP array and exome analyses in the patients with hypomethylated ZNF597:TSS-DMR. Results We identified two patients (2.1%) with a mixture of maternal isodisomy and heterodisomy of chromosome 16 in 94 aetiology-unknown patients with SRS phenotype. Both patients exhibited preterm birth and prenatal and postnatal growth failure. The male patient had ventricular septal defect and hypospadias. Whole-exome sequencing detected no gene mutations related to their phenotypes. Conclusion We suggest considering genetic testing for UPD(16)mat in SRS phenotypic patients without known aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu Inoue
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yagasaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Junko Nishioka
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Akie Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keiko Matsubara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Narumi
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakabayashi
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yamazawa
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Fuke
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Oka
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Ogata
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Maki Fukami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayo Kagami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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244
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Tzika E, Dreker T, Imhof A. Epigenetics and Metabolism in Health and Disease. Front Genet 2018; 9:361. [PMID: 30279699 PMCID: PMC6153363 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the next 10 years, one billion people are estimated to suffer from disabling consequences of metabolic disorders, making them the number one noncommunicable disease on a global scale by 2030. Lots of risk factors such as dietary intake, lack of exercise and other life style behaviors are considered to play a role in the development of metabolic disorders. Despite the efforts that have been undertaken to unravel their potential causes, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Evidence suggests that the pathogenesis involves changes on chromatin and chromatin-modifying enzymes, which can contribute to a persistent dysregulated metabolic phenotype. Indeed, a rising number of studies links epigenetic alterations with the diagnosis and prognosis of metabolic disorders. A prerequisite for exploiting these findings for pharmacological intervention is a detailed understanding of how differential epigenetic modifications control cell metabolism. In this mini review, we summarize the recent advances in uncovering the interplay between epigenetics and metabolic pathways on a cellular level and highlight potential new avenues for alternative treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Tzika
- 4SC AG, Translational Pharmacology, Munich, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Axel Imhof
- Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Protein Analysis Unit (ZfP), Biomedical Center, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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245
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Soellner L, Kraft F, Sauer S, Begemann M, Kurth I, Elbracht M, Eggermann T. Search for cis-acting factors and maternal effect variants in Silver-Russell patients with ICR1 hypomethylation and their mothers. Eur J Hum Genet 2018; 27:42-48. [PMID: 30218098 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-018-0269-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver-Russell syndrome is an imprinting disorder characterized by severe intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation. The majority of patients show loss of methylation (LOM) of the H19/IGF2 IG-DMR (ICR1) in 11p15.5. In ~10% of these patients aberrant methylation of additional imprinted loci on other chromosomes than 11 can be observed (multilocus imprinting defect - MLID). Recently, genomic variations in the ICR1 have been associated with disturbed methylation of the ICR1. In addition, variants in factors contributing to the life cycle of imprinting are discussed to cause aberrant imprinting, including MLID. These variants can either be identified in the patients with imprinting disorders themselves or in their mothers. We performed comprehensive studies to elucidate the role of both cis-acting variants in 11p15.5 as well as of maternal effect variants in the etiology of ICR1 LOM. Whereas copy number analysis and next generation sequencing in the ICR1 did not provide any evidence for a variant, search for maternal effect variants in 21 mothers of patients with ICR1 LOM identified two carriers of NLRP5 variants. By considering our results as well as those from the literature, we conclude that the causes for epimutations are heterogeneous. MLID might be regarded as an own etiological subgroup, associated with maternal effect variants in NLRP and functionally related genes. In addition, these variants might also contribute to LOM of single imprinted loci. Furthermore, genomic variants in the patients themselves might result in aberrant methylation patterns and need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Soellner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Florian Kraft
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Sauer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Labor Dr. Wisplinghoff, Köln, Germany
| | - Matthias Begemann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ingo Kurth
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Miriam Elbracht
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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246
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LincRNA H19 protects from dietary obesity by constraining expression of monoallelic genes in brown fat. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3622. [PMID: 30190464 PMCID: PMC6127097 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05933-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis in mice and humans improves metabolic health and understanding BAT function is of interest for novel approaches to counteract obesity. The role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in these processes remains elusive. We observed maternally expressed, imprinted lncRNA H19 increased upon cold-activation and decreased in obesity in BAT. Inverse correlations of H19 with BMI were also observed in humans. H19 overexpression promoted, while silencing of H19 impaired adipogenesis, oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial respiration in brown but not white adipocytes. In vivo, H19 overexpression protected against DIO, improved insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial biogenesis, whereas fat H19 loss sensitized towards HFD weight gains. Strikingly, paternally expressed genes (PEG) were largely absent from BAT and we demonstrated that H19 recruits PEG-inactivating H19-MBD1 complexes and acts as BAT-selective PEG gatekeeper. This has implications for our understanding how monoallelic gene expression affects metabolism in rodents and, potentially, humans. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis counteracts obesity and promotes metabolic health. The role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the regulation of this process is not well understood. Here the authors identify a maternally expressed lncRNA, H19, that increases BAT oxidative metabolism and energy expenditure.
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Poulton C, Azmanov D, Atkinson V, Beilby J, Ewans L, Gration D, Dreyer L, Shetty V, Peake C, McCormack E, Palmer R, Lewis B, Dawkins H, Broley S, Baynam G. Silver Russel syndrome in an aboriginal patient from Australia. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:2561-2563. [PMID: 30152198 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS OMIM 180860) is a rare, albeit well-recognized disorder characterized by severe intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation. It remains a clinical diagnosis with a molecular cause identifiable in approximately 60%-70% of patients. We report a 4-year-old Australian Aboriginal girl who was born at 32 weeks gestation with features strongly suggestive of SRS, after extensive investigation she was referred to our undiagnosed disease program (UDP). Genomic sequencing was performed which identified a heterozygous splice site variant in IGF2 which is predicted to be pathogenic by in-silico studies, paternal allelic origin, de novo status, and RNA studies on fibroblasts. We compare clinical findings with reported patients to add to the knowledge base on IGF2 variants and to promote the engagement of other Australian Aboriginal families in genomic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathryn Poulton
- Department of Neonatology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dimitar Azmanov
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Vanessa Atkinson
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John Beilby
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lisa Ewans
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dylan Gration
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lauren Dreyer
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Vinutha Shetty
- Department of Endocrinology, Perth Children's Hospital Foundation, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ciara Peake
- Department of Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital Foundation, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Emma McCormack
- Faculty of Science, Doctor of Medicine Program, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Richard Palmer
- School of Spatial Sciences, Curtin University - Perth City Campus, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Barry Lewis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, PathWest Laboratory Medicine Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hugh Dawkins
- Centre for Population Health Research, Curtin University of Technology, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephanie Broley
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gareth Baynam
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia.,King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women Perth, Western Australia Register for Developmental Abnormalities, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Zhang W, Wan H, Feng G, Qu J, Wang J, Jing Y, Ren R, Liu Z, Zhang L, Chen Z, Wang S, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Yuan Y, Zhou Q, Li W, Liu GH, Hu B. SIRT6 deficiency results in developmental retardation in cynomolgus monkeys. Nature 2018; 560:661-665. [PMID: 30135584 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0437-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SIRT6 acts as a longevity protein in rodents1,2. However, its biological function in primates remains largely unknown. Here we generate a SIRT6-null cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) model using a CRISPR-Cas9-based approach. SIRT6-deficient monkeys die hours after birth and exhibit severe prenatal developmental retardation. SIRT6 loss delays neuronal differentiation by transcriptionally activating the long non-coding RNA H19 (a developmental repressor), and we were able to recapitulate this process in a human neural progenitor cell differentiation system. SIRT6 deficiency results in histone hyperacetylation at the imprinting control region of H19, CTCF recruitment and upregulation of H19. Our results suggest that SIRT6 is involved in regulating development in non-human primates, and may provide mechanistic insight into human perinatal lethality syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guihai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaobin Jing
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruotong Ren
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zunpeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Cell Therapy Center, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyan Wang
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Cell Therapy Center, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Institute of Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Institute of Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Cell Therapy Center, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Baoyang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Institute of Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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249
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Ma JH, Kim HP, Bok J, Shin JO. CTCF is required for maintenance of auditory hair cells and hearing function in the mouse cochlea. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:2646-2652. [PMID: 30107916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Auditory hair cells play an essential role in hearing. These cells convert sound waves, mechanical stimuli, into electrical signals that are conveyed to the brain via spiral ganglion neurons. The hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea. They assemble in a special arrangement with three rows of outer hair cells and one row of inner hair cells. The proper differentiation and preservation of auditory hair cells are essential for acquiring and maintaining hearing function, respectively. Many genetic regulatory mechanisms underlying hair-cell differentiation and maintenance have been elucidated to date. However, the role of epigenetic regulation in hair-cell differentiation and maintenance has not been definitively demonstrated. CTCF is an essential epigenetic component that plays a primary role in the organization of global chromatin architecture. To determine the role of CTCF in mammalian hair cells, we specifically deleted Ctcf in developing hair cells by crossing Ctcffl/fl mice with Gfi1Cre/+ mice. Gfi1Cre; Ctcffl/fl mice did not exhibit obvious developmental defects in hair cells until postnatal day 8. However, at 3 weeks, the Ctcf deficiency caused intermittent degeneration of the stereociliary bundles of outer hair cells, resulting in profound hearing impairment. At 5 weeks, most hair cells were degenerated in Gfi1Cre; Ctcffl/fl mice, and defects in other structures of the organ of Corti, such as the tunnel of Corti and Nuel's space, became apparent. These results suggest that CTCF plays an essential role in maintaining hair cells and hearing function in mammalian cochlea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Ma
- Department of Anatomy, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Pyo Kim
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Republic of Korea; BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoong Bok
- Department of Anatomy, Republic of Korea; BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Republic of Korea; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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250
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Eggermann T, Ledig S, Begemann M, Elbracht M, Kurth I, Wieacker P. Search for altered imprinting marks in Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser patients. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2018; 6:1225-1228. [PMID: 30099855 PMCID: PMC6305658 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome (MRKH) is the second most common cause of primary amenorrhea and characterized by absence of the uterus and the upper part of the vagina. The etiology of MRKH is mainly unknown but a contribution of genomic alterations is probable. A molecular disturbance so far neglected in MRKH research is aberrant methylation at imprinted loci. In fact, MRKH has been reported in patients with the imprinting disorder Silver-Russell syndrome. METHODS We report on a rare patient with MRKH and SRS due to an ICR1 hypomethylation in 11p15.5. On the basis of this observation we screened a large cohort of MRKH patients (n > 100) for aberrant methylation at nine imprinted loci. RESULTS We failed to detect any epimutation, thus we conclude that imprinting defects at least at the currently known disease-relevant imprinted loci do not contribute to the isolated MRKH phenotype. However, it cannot be excluded that altered methylation marks at other loci are involved in the etiology of MRKH. CONCLUSION The molecular basis for MRKH remains unclear in the majority of patients, but future studies on the association between MRKH and ICR1 hypomethylation/SRS will to enlighten the role of epigenetics in the etiology of MRKH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Susanne Ledig
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Begemann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Miriam Elbracht
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ingo Kurth
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Wieacker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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