Preferred Reporting Of Case Series in Surgery (PROCESS) 2023 guidelines

INTRODUCTION

The Preferred Reporting Of CasE Series in Surgery (PROCESS) guidelines were developed in 2016 in order to improve the reporting quality of surgical case series. Since its inception, it has been updated twice, in 2018 and 2020, and has been cited over 1000 times. PROCESS guidelines have enjoyed great acceptance within the surgical research community. Our aim is to update the PROCESS guidelines in order to maintain its applicability in the field of surgical research.

METHODS

A PROCESS 2023 steering group was created. By working in collaboration, members of this group came up with proposals to update the PROCESS 2020 guidelines. These proposals were presented to an expert panel of researchers, who in turn scrutinised these proposals and decided whether they should become part of PROCESS 2023 guidelines or not, through a Delphi consensus exercise.

RESULTS

A total of 38 people participated in the development of PROCESS 2023 guidelines. The majority of items received a score between 7 and 9 from greater than 70% of the participants, indicating consensus with the proposed changes to those items. However, two items (3c and 6a) received a score between 7 and 9 from less than 70% of the participants, indicating a lack of consensus with the proposed changes to those items. Those items will remain unchanged.

DISCUSSION

The updated PROCESS 2023 guidelines are presented with an aim to continue improving the reporting quality of case series in surgery.

Totally extraperitoneal repair of groin hernia in liver transplant patients: a case series study (TOHER)

PURPOSE

The present study aims to describe the feasibility and the postoperative results of groin hernia repair in liver transplant patients using a totally extra-peritoneal (TEP) repair approach.

METHODS

From May 2022 to March 2023, liver transplant patients with groin hernia underwent TEP groin hernia repair, by the single common senior experimented surgeon. Background information, intraoperative findings, postoperative complications, postoperative pain, health, and well-being were registered.

RESULTS

Thirteen TEP approach groin hernioplasties were performed in 10 patients, completing the procedure in all cases without the need for conversion either to open or transabdominal preperitoneal approaches. 70% of surgical explorations revealed multiple hernia defects: lateral hernias in all patients, medial defects in 62%, and femoral defects in 30.8%. Median hospital stay was 1 day [range (0.3)], with 30% treated as outpatients. Post-surgical complications occurred in 30% of cases: 1 hematoma and 2 seromas. Postoperative pain and physical functioning scored 100 (IQR 44) and 90 (IQR 15), respectively.

CONCLUSION

TEP groin hernioplasty is safe and feasible for liver transplant patients, with low complication rates, short hospital stays, and a significant proportion treated as outpatients. The posterior approach allows comprehensive repair of myopectineal defects, crucial due to associated hernial defects.

Aortic arch endovascular branch and fenestrated repair: Initial Canadian experience with novel technology

Objective

The objective is to describe the initial Canadian experience using novel aortic arch branched endograft technologies.

Methods

We performed a retrospective consecutive case series of all patients undergoing aortic arch branched repair with newly available endograft technology since 2020 at our site. We describe the patient characteristics, treatment characteristics, and postoperative outcomes.

Results

Eleven patients received arch branched endografts, indicated for penetrating aortic ulcer in seven patients (64%), arch degeneration after prior aortic dissection repair in three (27%), and acute aortobronchial fistula in one patient (9%). Their average age was 72 ± 7 years. Complete arch repair from zone 0 to 4 was performed in six cases (55%); the remaining repairs landed proximally in zones 1 or 2. Seven repairs used a single retrograde facing inner branch (thoracic branch endoprosthesis; W.L. Gore & Associates), three used double antegrade inner branch (Bolton Relay; Terumo Interventional Systems), and one emergent case used double in situ fenestrations. Seven repairs (64%) used an adjunctive extra-anatomic bypass to complete great vessel perfusion, two of which were created during a prior aortic repair. Inferior vena cava balloon inflow occlusion during deployment was used in all cases. No mortalities, transient or permanent spinal cord paralysis, myocardial infarction, dialysis dependence, venous thromboembolism, or bleeding requiring reintervention occurred. No patient undergoing elective arch branch repair experienced a stroke. The one patient undergoing emergent repair did suffer a stroke. The median length of stay was 5 days (interquartile range, 2-8 days). Two endoleaks developed: a type Ia endoleak successfully treated with a Palmaz stent (Cordis) during the index admission, and a type II endoleak with ongoing sac regression on postoperative follow-up. Postoperatively, one patient suffered a suspected aortic graft infection that was treated with lifelong antibiotics. During a mean radiographic follow-up of 7.2 months, no cases of branch vessel instability (ie, no migration, reintervention, arterial rupture, intraluminal thrombus, occlusion, stenosis, or kinking of the branch grafts) developed. Three patients experienced sac regression of >5 mm, and no patient experienced continued postoperative dilation.

Conclusions

To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest reported Canadian volume of aortic arch repair using novel branched or fenestrated technology. The series demonstrates that a multidisciplinary program and properly selected patients can yield excellent results using endovascular repair for complex aortic arch pathology.

Selecting the best surgical approach in various cases of prolapsed pedunculated submucosal fibroids: A case series

INTRODUCTION

The pedunculated fibroid is classically managed through vaginal myomectomy. However, vaginal myomectomy cannot be safely and easily performed in all cases. We reviewed three cases of prolapsed pedunculated submucosal fibroids, each with a specific surgical difficulty.

PRESENTATION OF CASES

The first case had a prolapsed pedunculated uterine fibroid in pregnancy and underwent fibroid extirpation during an emergency cesarean section through the lower uterine segment incision. The second case was a nulliparous woman with recurrent abnormal uterine bleeding due to a giant prolapsed pedunculated uterine fibroid who underwent laparotomy fibroid extirpation through posterior colpotomy, preserving the uterus. The third case had a prolapsed pedunculated uterine fibroid in perimenopause with multiple fibroids and underwent fibroid stalk excision through an isthmic incision to facilitate a safe laparotomy hysterectomy procedure.

DISCUSSION

Vaginal removal has become the standard surgical method for prolapsed pedunculated submucous fibroids. However, some possible consequences of vaginal myomectomy include severe stalk bleeding, infection, and uterus inversion induced by excessive traction. Therefore, specific approaches are needed in some circumstances.

CONCLUSION

Customised surgical approaches provided safe and efficient access to the prolapsed pedunculated fibroid stalk during myomectomy or hysterectomy.

Indocyanine Green Fluorescent Lymphography During Open Inguinal Hernia Repair: Relationship Between Lymphatic Vessel Injury and Postoperative Hydrocele

BACKGROUND

This prospective case series analyzed patients who underwent indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescent lymphography during open inguinal hernia repair. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between ICG leakage and postoperative hydroceles in patients who underwent inguinal hernia repair.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Data were analyzed from 40 patients who underwent primary open hernia repair between October 2020 and June 2021 (44 cases in total). Hydroceles were categorized into two types: symptomatic and "ultrasonic" (detected only by ultrasound imaging).

RESULTS

In the univariate analysis, hernia type (p = 0.044) and ICG leakage (p = 0.007) were independent risk factors for postoperative ultrasonic hydroceles. Additionally, mesh type (p = 0.043) and ICG leakage (p = 0.025) were independent risk factors for postoperative symptomatic hydroceles. In the multivariate analysis, ICG leakage (p = 0.034) was an independent risk factor for postoperative ultrasonic hydroceles.

CONCLUSIONS

ICG leakage after inguinal hernia repair was independently associated with postoperative ultrasonic and symptomatic hydroceles. These findings suggest a relationship between lymphatic vessel injury and the incidence of postoperative hydroceles.

Evaluating the quality of studies reporting on clinical applications of stromal vascular fraction: A systematic review and proposed reporting guidelines (CLINIC-STRA-SVF)

Background

The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) has been widely explored in a number of therapeutic applications in several specialties. Its therapeutic potential is being increasingly demonstrated, although its mechanism of action is still unclear.

Objective

To evaluate the quality of studies reporting on clinical applications of SVF.

Method

This is a systematic literature review that followed the PRISMA guidelines with the search of the studies from December 1, 2012, to December 1, 2022, in the following databases: MEDLINE, LILACS and EMBASE. The level of evidence of the studies was assessed using the GRADE system, and the rigor used in the publication of the results was assessed in relation to adherence to the guidelines indicated by the EQUATOR Network Group. The CLINIC - STRA-SVF reporting guideline was developed after the completion of this systematic review.

Results

A total of 538 articles were found, and 77 articles were selected after reading the titles and abstracts and removing duplicates. Then, 15 studies were removed for not meeting the inclusion criteria, leaving 62 studies. The CLINIC - STRA-SVF was developed and consists of 33 items and two tables.

Conclusion

There is scientific evidence, although mostly with a low level of evidence, that the use of SVF in clinical applications is safe and effective. The information published in these studies should be standardized, and the CLINIC - STRA-SVF reporting guideline proposed in this study may assist in the design, conduct, recording and reporting of clinical trials and others clinical studies involving the SVF.

Simultaneous Occurrence of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case Series with Literature Review

BACKGROUND

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of differentiated TC, while medullary TC (MTC) accounts for 4%. The concomitant presence of PTC and MTC is rare.

METHODS

This is a retrospective, single-center observational study conducted over 16 years (2001-2017). The data were collected from the clinical records of patients who underwent total thyroidectomy at the Endocrine Unit-Department of Medicine of the University Hospital of Pisa, Italy.

RESULTS

Over 690 analyzed cases, 650 (94.2%) were exclusive DTC, 19 exclusive MTC (2.75%) and 5 PTC/MTC (0.7%). No case of mixed medullary/follicular TC or hereditary MTC (familial MTC/multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2) was found. Among the five PTC/MTC cases, there was a male prevalence (M:F = 3:2), and all PTC components were at stage I, whereas 40% of MTC were at stage I and III and 20% of MTC were at stage II; microPTC (mPTC) was prevalent (80%) and also microMTCs were frequent (40%); 60% of MTC patients recovered, while 40% of patients developed metastatic disease. The search for germline mutations of the RET gene resulted in being negative in all cases.

CONCLUSIONS

The incidence of PTC/MTC has been increasing over the past 30 years. The etiology of PTC/MTC forms is still unknown, and although this simultaneous occurrence could be only a coincidence, we cannot exclude the hypothesis of a shared genetic origin.

Effect of Mobilization with Movement on Pain, Disability, and Range of Motion in Patients with Shoulder Pain and Movement Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

BACKGROUND

Shoulder pain is a disabling musculoskeletal disorder worldwide. Thus, it is important to identify interventions able to improve pain and disability.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the effects of mobilization with movement (MWM) on pain, disability, and range of motion in patients with shoulder pain and movement impairment.

METHODS

A systematic search of different databases was performed. The systematic review protocol has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023404128). A random-effects model for meta-analysis was used to determine the mean difference (MD), standardized mean differences (SMD), and 95% confidence interval for the outcome of interest.

RESULTS

Twenty-six studies were included. Of these, eighteen were included in the meta-analysis. MWM improved pain during movement with a moderate effect SMD of (-0.6; 95% confidence interval, -1.1 to -0.1, I2 = 0%; N = 66;) and shoulder abduction MD of (12.7°; 1.3 to 24.0; I2 = 73%; N = 90) compared to sham MWM in the short term (0-6 weeks). Combined MWM and conventional rehabilitation improved pain at rest, with a MD of (-1.2; -2.2 to -0.2; I2 = 61%; N = 100), and disability SMD of (-1.3; confidence interval -2.2 to -0.4; I2 = 87%; N = 185) compared to conventional rehabilitation alone in the short term. Combined MWM and conventional rehabilitation also resulted in improvement in shoulder abduction and external rotation. Compared to Maitland, MWM resulted in improvement in the shoulder abduction MD (20.4°; confidence interval 4.3 to 36.5; I2 = 89%; N = 130) in the short term. There is no information regarding long-term effects.

CONCLUSION

Evidence suggests that MWM may reduce shoulder pain and restore shoulder range of motion and function. Our findings are promising, but the evidence is not strong enough to recommend it pragmatically.

Genotypic and antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus agalactiae causing bovine mastitis in the central region of Thailand

Introduction

Streptococcus agalactiae is a highly contagious pathogen that causes bovine mastitis, leading to significant economic losses. This study aimed to (1) identify and characterize S. agalactiae strains responsible for bovine mastitis by examining their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics in Thai dairy-intensive farming areas and (2) determine their susceptibility profiles to antimicrobial agents.

Material and methods

In total, 100 S. agalactiae isolates obtained from clinical and subclinical mastitis cases from 13 dairy herds located in the central region of Thailand were examined. To confirm the identity of the bacterial pathogens, conventional microbiological procedures recommended by the National Mastitis Council (NMC) and the VITEK® 2 system were employed.

Results

All 100 isolates were successfully identified as S. agalactiae using the NMC procedure, whereas 94 isolates were identified as S. agalactiae using the VITEK® 2 system. Finally, the S. agalactiae-specific gene dlt S was identified in all the examined isolates using polymerase chain reaction. Capsular polysaccharide (CPS) typing revealed that all strains belonged to CPS type Ia. Multilocus sequence typing identified 33 selected isolates as sequence type 103. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) typing yielded 43 RAPD types, with 6 RAPD clusters identified. These results demonstrated a high level of genetic diversity among S. agalactiae within the studied herds. RAPD analysis suggested that specific S. agalactiae strains could persist in dairy farms for 2-12 months. Furthermore, antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the broth microdilution method. Most strains demonstrated susceptibility to ampicillin, penicillin, penicillin/novobiocin, cephalothin, oxacillin, ceftiofur, and erythromycin.

Discussion

This study revealed the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of S. agalactiae isolates responsible for bovine mastitis in the central region of Thailand. The rapid identification of S. agalactiae and application of molecular typing methods can provide valuable epidemiological information regarding S. agalactiae causing mastitis in dairy farms. The antimicrobial susceptibility of S. agalactiae indicates that antimicrobial treatment for control and eradication could be a successful protocol. Our findings revealed that a single clonal strain of S. agalactiae affected the 13 studied farms. Further research is needed to explore the feasibility of vaccine development and application.

Single-incision laparoscopic surgery transabdominal preperitoneal approach for recurrent inguinal hernia: A case series of long-term follow-up

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE

Laparoscopic surgery is recommended to treat recurrent inguinal hernia (IH). Single-incision laparoscopic surgery transabdominal pre-peritoneal (SILS-TAPP) has been an option for IH repair but few studies on the application of this method for recurrent IH was conducted. We aimed to report our experience of SILS-TAPP for recurrent IH and the long-term outcomes of this technique.

CASE PRESENTATION

Ten patients of recurrent IH, including three multiple recurrences, were successfully treated with SILS-TAPP. Previous surgeries were Bassini and Lichtenstein's procedures. No perioperative complications were observed; neither additional trocar nor conversion to open surgery was needed. Median operation time was 65 (range: 45-95) minutes. Post-operative pain lasted for two to three days. Neither long-term complications nor recurrence was seen until the median follow-up time of 37 (range: 16-53) months.

CLINICAL DISCUSSION

Although the surgical procedure of hernia repair of SILS-TAPP was the same as conventional TAPP, the manipulation of the instrument was technically challenging. This surgical method should be done by an SILS expert with application of several surgical tips to overcome difficulties adhering to single-port surgery. Also, meticulous and patient dissection of the inguinal site is suggested.

CONCLUSION

SILS-TAPP is safe and feasible to repair recurrent inguinal hernia. However, it should be done by experienced surgeons.

A novel endovascular robotic-assisted system for endovascular aortic repair: first-in-human evaluation of practicability and safety

OBJECTIVES

To assess the practicability and safety of a novel endovascular robotic system for performing endovascular aortic repair in human.

METHODS

A prospective observational study was conducted in 2021 with 6 months post-operative follow-up. Patients with aortic aneurysms and clinical indications for elective endovascular aortic repair were enrolled in the study. The novel developed robotic system is applicable for the majority of commercial devices and various types of endovascular surgeries. The primary endpoint was technical success without in-hospital major adverse events. Technical success was defined as the ability of the robotic system to complete all procedural steps based on procedural segments.

RESULTS

The first-in-human evaluation of robot-assisted endovascular aortic repair was performed in five patients. The primary endpoint was achieved in all patients (100%). There were no device- or procedure-related complications or no in-hospital major adverse events. The operation time and total blood loss in these cases were equal to those in the manual procedures. The radiation exposure of the surgeon was 96.5% lower than that in the traditional position while the radiation exposure of the patients was not significantly increased.

CONCLUSIONS

Early clinical evaluation of the novel endovascular aortic repair in endovascular aortic repair demonstrated practicability, safety, and procedural effectiveness comparable to manual operation. In addition, the total radiation exposure of the operator was significantly lower than that of traditional procedures.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT

This study applies a novel approach to perform the endovascular aortic repair in a more accurate and minimal-invasive way and lays the foundation for the perspective automation of the endovascular robotic system, which reflects a new paradigm for endovascular surgery.

KEY POINTS

• This study is a first-in-human evaluation of a novel endovascular robotic system for endovascular aortic repair (EVAR). • Our system might reduce the occupational risks associated with manual EVAR and contribute to achieving a higher degree of precision and control. • Early evaluation of the endovascular robotic system demonstrated practicability, safety, and procedural effectiveness comparable to that of manual operation.

Vestibular Schwannoma Stereotactic Radiosurgery in Octogenarians: Case Series

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

The management of octogenarians with vestibular schwannomas (VS) has received little attention. However, with the increase in octogenarian population, more effort is needed to clarify the value of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in this population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of SRS in this patient age group.

METHODS

A retrospective study of 62 patients aged 80 years or older who underwent single-session SRS for symptomatic VS during a 35-year interval was performed. The median patient age was 82 years, and 61.3% were male. SRS was performed as planned adjuvant management or for delayed progression after prior partial resection in 5 patients.

RESULTS

SRS resulted in a 5-year tumor control rate of 95.6% with a 4.8% risk of adverse radiation effects (ARE). Tumor control was unrelated to patient age, tumor volume, Koos grade, sex, SRS margin dose, or prior surgical management. Four patients underwent additional management including 1 patient with symptomatic progression requiring surgical resection, 2 patients with symptomatic hydrocephalus requiring cerebrospinal fluid diversion, and 1 patient whose tumor-related cyst required delayed cyst aspiration. Three patients developed ARE, including 1 patient with permanent facial weakness (House-Brackmann grade II), 1 who developed trigeminal neuropathy, and 1 who had worsening gait disorder. Six patients had serviceable hearing preservation before SRS, and 2 maintained serviceable hearing preservation after 4 years. A total of 44 (71%) patients died at an interval ranging from 6 to 244 months after SRS.

CONCLUSION

SRS resulted in tumor and symptom control in most octogenarian patients with VS.

A novel remnant liver-first strategy for liver autotransplantation in patients with end-stage hepatic alveolar echinococcosis: a retrospective case series

BACKGROUND

Ex vivo liver resection combined with autotransplantation is an effective therapeutic strategy for unresectable end-stage hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE). However, ex vivo liver resection combined with autotransplantation is a technically demanding and time-consuming procedure associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The authors aimed to present our novel remnant liver-first strategy of in vivo liver resection combined with autotransplantation (IRAT) technique for treating patients with end-stage HAE.

METHODS

This retrospective study included patients who underwent IRAT between January 2014 and December 2020 at two institutions. Patients with end-stage HAE were carefully assessed for IRAT by a multidisciplinary team. The safety, feasibility, and outcomes of this novel technique were analyzed.

RESULTS

IRAT was successfully performed in six patients, with no perioperative deaths. The median operative time was 537.5 min (range, 501.3-580.0), the median anhepatic time was 59.0 min (range, 54.0-65.5), and the median cold ischemia time was 165.0 min (range, 153.8-201.5). The median intraoperative blood loss was 700.0 ml (range, 475.0-950.0). In-hospital complications occurred in two patients. No Clavien-Dindo grade III or higher complications were observed. At a median follow-up of 18.6 months (range, 15.4-76.0) , all patients were alive. No recurrence of HAE was observed.

CONCLUSION

The remnant liver-first strategy of IRAT is feasible and safe for selected patients with end-stage HAE. The widespread adoption of this novel technique requires further studies to standardize the operative procedure and identify patients who are most likely to benefit from it.

Indications and Outcomes of Completion Cholecystectomy: A 5-year Experience From a Rural Tertiary Center

BACKGROUND

Completion cholecystectomy (CC) is performed for recurrent or persistent biliary symptoms following subtotal cholecystectomy (STC) or incomplete cholecystectomy (IC). Due to its complexity, cases are often referred to hepato-pancreato-biliary (HBP) surgeons. There is little published literature on indications or outcomes of CC.

METHODS

Completion cholecystectomy cases performed between 2016 and 2021 by the sole HPB surgeon covering a rural referral base of >250-mile radius in West Texas were included. Primary variables of interest include indications and outcomes of CC.

RESULTS

Of the eleven patients included, 5 (45.5%) had laparoscopic STC, 3 patients (27.3%) had laparoscopic converted to open STC, and 2 (18.2%) had laparoscopic IC. Most STC cases (6/9, 66.6%) were reconstituting, while 3 STC cases were fenestrating (all had persistent bile leak). For reconstituting STC, indications were symptomatic cholelithiasis in 5 patients (45.5%), and choledocholithiasis in 3 patients (27.3%). The median (IQR) duration between index procedure and subsequent CC was 15 (1.4-92) months. The median (IQR) remnant gallbladder length was 4 (3-4.5) cm. Completion cholecystectomy was performed robotically in 8 cases (72.7%). Post-CC complications occurred in 3 patients (27.3%); these were 1 superficial surgical site infection, 1 hepatic abscess requiring percutaneous drainage, and lastly atrial fibrillation.

CONCLUSIONS

All patients requiring CC had residual gallbladder remnant >2.5 cm; this is longer than recommended for STC. Completion cholecystectomy is a complex operation that carries significant morbidity, even when performed using minimally invasive techniques. As bailout procedures become more common in severely inflamed cholecystitis, it is important to collate more data on the outcomes of requiring CC.

No Delayed Ruptures on Long-Term Follow-Up of a Case Series of Persistently Filling Saccular Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysms After Flow Diversion With the Pipeline Embolization Device

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Flow diversion of intracranial aneurysms results in high occlusion rates. However, 10% to 20% remain persistently filling at 1 year. Often, these are retreated, but benefits of retreatment are not well established. A better understanding of the long-term rupture risk of persistently filling aneurysms after flow diversion is needed.

METHODS

Our institutional database of 974 flow diversion cases was queried for persistently filling saccular aneurysms of the clinoidal, ophthalmic, and communicating segments of the internal carotid artery treated with the pipeline embolization device (PED, Medtronic). Persistent filling was defined as continued flow into the aneurysm on 1 year catheter angiogram. The clinical record was queried for retreatments and delayed ruptures. Clinical follow-up was required for at least 2 years.

RESULTS

Ninety-four persistent aneurysms were identified. The average untreated aneurysm size was 5.6 mm. A branch vessel originated separately in 55% of cases from the body of the aneurysm in 10.6% of cases and from the neck in 34% of cases. Eighteen percent of aneurysms demonstrated >95% filling at 1 year, and 61% were filling 5% to 95% of their original size. The mean follow-up time was 4.9 years, including 41 cases with >5 years. No retreatment was undertaken in 91.5% of aneurysms. There were no cases of delayed subarachnoid hemorrhage.

CONCLUSION

Among saccular internal carotid artery aneurysms treated with PED that demonstrated persistent aneurysm filling at 1 year, there were no instances of delayed rupture on long-term follow-up. These data suggest that observation may be appropriate for continued aneurysm filling at least in the first several years after PED placement.

Surgical management of odontogenic myxomas: A case series

INTRODUCTION

Odontogenic myxoma is a relatively rare bone tumor involving exclusively the jaws. Despite its benign nature, odontogenic myxoma can exhibit aggressive, locally invasiveness and has a high potential of recurrence. Surgical treatment can be conservative of radical. The choice of surgical procedure is controversial, and there are no established guidelines.

CASE SERIES PRESENTATION

We present a case series of three cases of odontogenic myxomas. This case series illustrates the variability of the radioclinical presentation of odontogenic myxoma and the resulting surgical management, ranging from simple enucleation to mandibular interruptive resection surgery with free flap reconstruction.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

Through this case series, we highlighted and described decision criteria contributing to treatment choice and summarized this in an algorithm. Radiological tumor characteristics and also patient specific factors such as age need to be considered to make a personalized decision to each patient.

Hydrocele of the Canal of Nuck: A report of five cases

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE

Canal of Nuck hydrocele is a rare condition in females. Due to mild symptoms, it may be neglected, leading to complications, including infection and bleeding. The rarity of this condition, coupled with its potential for adverse outcomes, necessitates a high index of suspicion among treating surgeons to diagnose and promptly manage the case. We present five cases of the canal of Nuck hydrocele.

CASE PRESENTATION

We prospectively studied five cases of the canal of Nuck hydrocele admitted to our surgical department over two years. Three patients presented with painless, non-tender inguinal swelling, while two had tenderness. Three patients had a right-sided canal of Nuck hydrocele, one had a left-sided, and one had bilateral hydroceles. One patient had an associated indirect inguinal hernia. All patients were treated by carefully dissecting the hydrocele from the round ligament, followed by ligation of the canal of Nuck near the deep inguinal ring. The associated hernia was treated using herniotomy. All patients had an uneventful postoperative course with no recorded postoperative wound infection or recurrence.

CLINICAL DISCUSSION

The hydrocele of the Canal of Nuck develops from the failure of complete obliteration of the processus vaginalis in female patients. Most cases are asymptomatic and are usually found incidentally as painless swelling in the inguinolabial region. Surgery is the treatment of choice, as there is an increased incidence of associated complications such as infection and bleeding, and it also helps to confirm the diagnosis. The surgical procedure involves resection of the hydrocele, ligation of the neck of the processus vaginalis, and repair of any associated hernia, if present.

CONCLUSION

The canal of Nuck hydrocele is often overlooked in female pediatric patients with inguinolabial masses. Surgeons must maintain a high index of suspicion and perform prompt ultrasound examinations for an accurate diagnosis. Early surgical intervention is of utmost importance for preventing morbidity.

A systematic review of conservative and surgical treatments for deep gluteal syndrome

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

Conservative and surgical treatments, are recommended as the primary treatment in the management of patients diagnosed with deep gluteal syndrome; but evidence supporting superiority of one treatment over another is lacking. The aim of this review is to systematically review the effectiveness of treatments.

DATABASES AND DATA TREATMENT

MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, AMED, Cochrane Library (Central Register of Controlled Trials), and PEDro were screened (to 24 July 2019). Risk of bias of trials and surgical case series were assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and Joanna Briggs Institute Critical appraisal checklists, respectively. Outcomes were reductions in pain or disability. For each outcome, the minimum clinically important difference (MCID) was calculated. A narrative synthesis was performed.

RESULTS

Out of 909 records, thirteen studies with 508 patients were included, eight RCTs with 336 patients and 5 case series with 172 patients. Conservative modalities were: infiltration into muscle of steroid, botulinum toxin, thiochilcoside and colchicine. There was one RCT and five case series of surgery. Only three trials reached an MCID in pain reduction for the intervention. The five surgical studies reached a before and after MCID. Only one study showed an MCID reduction in disability. The overall quality of evidence was low.

CONCLUSION

Given the low quality of evidence, no single conservative treatment can be recommended over another. Clinicians should follow general guidelines on the management of back pain and sciatica for first line treatment, namely physiotherapy. Surgery may have a place for chronic cases.

Adjuvant Stereotactic Radiosurgery With or Without Postresection Fractionated Radiation Therapy for the Management of Clival Chordomas in Adults: An International Multicenter Case Series

BACKGROUND

Clival chordomas are challenging because of their proximity to critical neurovascular structures. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has been proven effective with minimal adverse effects.

OBJECTIVE

To compare the outcomes of histologically confirmed primary clival chordomas in adults who underwent SRS alone (SRS group) vs SRS after fractionated radiotherapy (FRT+SRS group).

METHODS

We collected patient data from 10 institutions affiliated with the International Radiosurgery Research Foundation. We evaluated overall survival, tumor control, and freedom from additional treatment (FFAT).

RESULTS

Fifty-seven (77%) patients were included in the SRS group and 17 (23%) in the FRT+SRS group. The median radiological follow-up was 48 months (IQR, 24-85) in the SRS group and 36 months (IQR, 25-41) in the FRT+SRS group. During the follow-up, 8 SRS and 2 FRT+SRS patients died ( P = .80). The groups had comparable 10-year overall survival (SRS: 76% vs FRT+SRS: 80%; logrank test, P = .75) and tumor control rates (SRS: 34% vs FRT+SRS: 45%; logrank test, P = .29). The SRS group had a superior 10-year FFAT rate (40%) compared with FRT+SRS (23%; logrank test, P = .02). This finding persisted in the multivariate analysis of the Cox proportional hazards illustrating a 2.40-fold increase in the relative risk of requiring additional treatment among the FRT+SRS group ( P = .04).

CONCLUSION

Adjuvant FRT with subsequent boost SRS did not provide superior overall survival or tumor control compared with patients who underwent adjuvant SRS alone. Further studies are required to refine management guidelines among adults with clival chordomas.

Radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy (rESWT) for coccydynia: a prospective study of 14 patients

Background

Coccydynia is defined as pain in the coccyx. We investigated the effect of radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy (rESWT) in the management of coccydynia.

Methods

In this prospective study, patients (≥18 years) diagnosed with coccydynia at a sports clinic located in Thessaloniki, Greece, were eligible for rESWT treatment when they reported a visual analogue scale (VAS) pain level ≥6. Treatment sessions were once weekly and ended when VAS pain levels decreased to ≤3. Recurrence rates were documented at 3-month and 12-month follow-ups.

Results

Fourteen patients were treated using rESWT. The mean age and symptom duration of our cohort was 33.6±7.9 (range: 20-45) years and 9.4±8.5 (range: 3-36) months, respectively. The mean number of treatment sessions per patient was 6.4±1.6 (range: 4-8). The mean device pressure, frequency, and number of pulses was 1.2±0.1 (range: 1-1.4) bar, 5.0±0.1 (range: 5-6) Hz, and 2082±74.8 (range: 2000-2300) pulses, respectively. Treatment alleviated pain in all patients, and no recurrence of symptoms was reported during follow-up. There was a positive correlation between symptom duration and the number of treatment sessions (r=0.701, P=0.005). Pairwise comparison highlighted significant reductions in VAS pain levels between each stage of treatment (P<0.001).

Conclusion

Our study affirms the safety and efficacy of rESWT in managing coccydynia.

Influence of immediate postoperative gingival thickness and gingival margin position on the outcomes of root coverage therapy: A 6 months prospective case series study using 3D digital measuring methods

BACKGROUND

To assess linear and volumetric changes following the treatment of gingival recessions (GRs) by means of a modified coronally advanced tunnel technique combined with acellular dermal matrix (MTUN + ADM).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Patients presenting GR type 1 (RT1) GRs underwent root coverage surgery consisting of MTUN + ADM. Clinical measurements were made, and intraoral scans were obtained at baseline, postoperatively, and 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months after surgery, to evaluate changes in probing depth (PD), keratinized tissue width (KTW), recession depth (RD), recession area (RA), marginal gingival thickness (MGT), and mucosal volume (MV). The impact of patient-level and surgical-site variables upon percentage root coverage (% RC) and the likelihood of achieving complete root coverage (CRC) were explored.

RESULTS

A total of 20 patients (n = 47 teeth) were treated. After 6 months, RD and RA decreased, while KTW, MGT, and MV increased. The mean % RC was 93% at 6 months and CRC was found on 72.3% of the sites at 6 months. The postoperative MGT changes at 1.5 and 3 mm were significantly correlated to % RC and CRC at 6 months. Each additional mm of postoperative gain of gingival thickness resulted in a 4-fold increase in the probability of achieving CRC. Additionally, gingival margin positioned ≥0.5 mm coronal to the cementoenamel junction immediately after surgery was a strong predictor of CRC.

CONCLUSIONS

The MGT gain at 1.5 and 3 mm achieved in the immediate postoperative period is a significant predictor of CRC at 6 months when treating multiple GRs via MTUN + ADM.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

The Scientific rationale for the study relies on the lack of 3D digital measuring tools in the assessment of soft tissue healing dynamics after root coverage therapy. The principal findings of this study can be summarized as follows: tooth type, tooth position, and post-operative gingival margin position and gingival thickness and volume changes are predictors of CRC. Therefore, the practical implications are that the more thickness and more coronal advancement achieved immediately after root coverage surgery, the higher chance of achieving CRC.

Cervical vertebral body replacement using a modern in situ expandable and angulable corpectomy cage system: early clinical and radiological outcome

PURPOSE

Vertebral body replacement (VBR) cages are commonly implanted to reconstruct the cervical vertebrae in cases of tumour, trauma, spondylodiscitis, and degeneration. Expandable cages have been widely used for this purpose; however, the lacking congruence at the implant-bone interface and consequent implant displacement were considered as a serious drawback of such systems. Aim of this study is to evaluate the early clinical and radiological outcome of a modern in situ not only expandable but also angulable cervical corpectomy cage system.

METHODS

A total of 42 patients who underwent a single or multilevel cervical VBR procedure were included and retrospectively evaluated in this single-centre case series. The neurological status was assessed using American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) score. Complications were categorized into surgical (including implant-associated) and general medical. Radiographic parameters included regional angulation, segmental height, and coronal alignment.

RESULTS

Mean age was 59.5 ± 20.6 years. The recorded ASIA score improved postoperatively by 10 points (p  0.0001). Surgical including implant-associated complication rates were 19.05%. Radiographic evaluation showed a height gain of 11.2 mm (p < 0.0001), lordotic correction of 7° (p < 0.0001), and coronal alignment of 3° (p < 0.0001). At the last follow-up, loss of angulation correction of 1.9° (p  0.0002), subsidence of 1.92 mm (p  0.0006), and fusion rates of 68.42% were observed.

CONCLUSIONS

The use of an in situ angulable and expandable cage system in cervical VBR seems to offer better results compared to conventional static or expandable cages regarding segmental height gain, lordotic correction, and clinical improvement as well as low complication and revision rates. Significant height gain in multilevel surgeries is associated with higher rates of implant-associated complications.

Automated segmentation of meningioma from contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI images in a case series using a marker-controlled watershed segmentation and fuzzy C-means clustering machine learning algorithm

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE

Accurate segmentation of meningiomas from contrast-enhanced T1-weighted (CE T1-w) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial for diagnosis and treatment planning. Manual segmentation is time-consuming and prone to variability. To evaluate an automated segmentation approach for meningiomas using marker-controlled watershed segmentation (MCWS) and fuzzy c-means (FCM) algorithms.

CASE PRESENTATION AND METHODS

CE T1-w MRI of 3 female patients (aged 59, 44, 67 years) with right frontal meningiomas were analyzed. Images were converted to grayscale and preprocessed with Otsu's thresholding and FCM clustering. MCWS segmentation was performed. Segmentation accuracy was assessed by comparing automated segmentations to manual delineations.

CLINICAL DISCUSSION

The approach successfully segmented meningiomas in all cases. Mean sensitivity was 0.8822, indicating accurate identification of tumors. Mean Dice similarity coefficient between Otsu's and FCM1 was 0.6599, suggesting good overlap between segmentation methods.

CONCLUSION

The MCWS and FCM approach enables accurate automated segmentation of meningiomas from CE T1-w MRI. With further validation on larger datasets, this could provide an efficient tool to assist in delineating meningioma boundaries for clinical management.

Ketorolac-induced anaphylaxis following oral administration: a case series

Background

Ketorolac is a commonly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug for reducing pain and inflammation. Anaphylaxis is a medical emergency that occurs after exposure to an allergen, with a varied clinical presentation requiring prompt and appropriate measures to prevent or manage it. Although uncommon, ketorolac can cause anaphylaxis requiring immediate medical care. The authors present two cases of anaphylaxis in females induced after oral intake of ketorolac with successful outcomes.

Case presentations

The cases involve two adult women who experienced an allergic reaction to ketorolac. The first woman, aged 36, and the second woman, aged 26, on her second postpartum day, both developed similar types of symptoms like periorbital swelling, itching, and difficulty breathing after taking oral ketorolac. The second woman had a history of allergic rashes. They received immediate treatment with epinephrine, oxygen therapy, intravenous fluids, and other medications. They showed a rapid improvement and were discharged after observation.

Clinical discussion

Anaphylactic reactions to ketorolac, a commonly used pain management drug, have been reported. Symptoms include swelling, difficulty breathing, and hypotension. Treatment involves medications like epinephrine, hydrocortisone, and pheniramine. A detailed medical history, laboratory investigations, appropriate medication, oxygen therapy, and follow-up care are important in managing anaphylactic reactions, which can be life-threatening.

Conclusion

Although rare, ketorolac can cause anaphylactic reactions in patients with or without a history of drug allergy. Immediate recognition and management are essential, along with a detailed medical history and follow-up care.

LITT for biopsy proven radiation necrosis: A qualitative systematic review

INTRODUCTION

With the widespread use of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), post-radiation treatment effects (PTREs) are increasing in prevalence. Radiation necrosis (RN) is a serious PTRE which carries a poor prognosis. Since 2012, laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) has been used to treat RN. However, reviews have attempting to generalise the efficacy of LITT against biopsy-proven RN are limited. In this systematic review, patient demographic characteristics and post-LITT clinical outcomes are characterised.

METHODS

A systematic literature search was conducted in four major databases for cohort studies and case reports published between 2012 and 2022, following the PRISMA 2020 checklist. Data was extracted and descriptively analysed. Quality of reporting was assessed using the PROCESS criteria and reporting bias was evaluated using the ROBINS-I scoring system.

RESULTS

Eleven studies met our inclusion criteria, with an overall moderate risk of reporting bias being observed. Mean pre-LITT target lesion volume was 6.75 cm3, and was independent of gender, time since SRS, age and number of interventions prior to LITT.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

LITT is a versatile treatment option which may be used to treat a vast range of patients with refractory biopsy-proven RN. However, neurosurgeons should exercise caution when selecting patients for LITT due to insufficient data on the treatment's efficacy against biopsy-proven RN. This warrants further studies to unequivocally determine the safety and clinical outcomes.

Role of a Plastic Surgeon in the Management of Local Manifestations of Snakebite in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Prospective Single-Center Case Series

Background  There is a paucity of literature regarding the management of snakebite site complications. The wound complications can have debilitating sequelae, most of which may require reconstruction. Methods  This is a prospective single-institution observational study conducted from November 2019 to December 2021. Patient demographic characteristics and snakebite-related information, length of hospitalization, surgical lesions encountered, the type of treatment offered, and complications were recorded. Results  Fifteen patients (10 males and 5 females) with ages ranging from 10 to 53 years (mean: 36.5 years) were included in the study. Urgent fasciotomy was performed in three patients with compartment syndrome of the upper limb. Facial reconstruction was performed in one patient. One patient required distraction, cross-finger flap, and bone grafting of the index finger, while another patient required a pedicled groin flap for digital salvage. Below knee amputation was done for Marjolin's ulcer in a chronic snakebite case. Few patients required skin grafting. No major complications were encountered. Conclusions  Plastic surgeons play an important role in the management of bite site effects for restoration of form and function, which goes a long way in rehabilitating these patients back in the society. This case series presents a varied range of bite site complications and their management that would serve as a guide to plastic surgeons for better outcome.

Migrated intrauterine device: Case series report

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE

Implantation of an intrauterine device (IUD) is a common method of contraception in Saudi Arabia. Although rare, IUD migration and colon perforation have been reported. The current report presented three cases of IUD migration into the colon and recto-uterine pouch.

METHODS AND OUTCOMES

The study included a series of three cases of migrated IUDs. The first case was a 25-year-old female, Gravida 2, Para 2 + 0, at 28 week-gestation, who presented with abdominal pain with a history of IUD placement that had not been removed or imaged before. The patient submitted to the caesarian section (CS), where IUD was found in the sigmoid colon. Elective laparoscopic removal of IUD with resection and primary repair of sigmoid colon was done later. The second case was a 37-year-old female, Gravida 1, Para 1 + 0, non-pregnant hypothyroidism, and a history of IUD placement. The patient got pregnant and gave birth through CS. She was then presented with abdominal pain and requested the removal of the IUD. On colonoscopy, IUD was seen in the pouch of Douglas with no evidence of a fistulous tract. IUD was removed through laparoscopy. The third case was a 47-year-old female, Gravida 14, Para 14 + 0, with a history of previous CS presented with a missing IUD that had been inserted 20 years ago after she had five pregnancies and subsequent deliveries. On colonoscopy, IUD was embedded on the wall of the transverse colon, and through abdominal surgery, IUD was removed by cutting through the colon and primary repair was done. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: the presentation of IUD migration cases was foundto vary according to the site of migration and type of IUD.however the cases are usually present with abdominal pain. An abdominal pelvic imaging with CT in these patients are essential in diagnosis. Retrival of migrating IUDs may be done through colonoscopy, laparoscopy, and in some cases with adhesion laparotomy is the solution.

CONCLUSION

Abdominal and pelvic CT scan are very important in the diagnosis and the localization of IUD. Elective colonoscopy and laparoscopy are successful management approaches for these cases.

Comparison of short-stretch bandage and long-stretch bandage for post-traumatic hand edema

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE

Hand edema is a common post-surgical or traumatic complication in orthopedic patients, necessitating effective treatment interventions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of two different types of bandages, along with finger flexion exercises, on managing hand edema.

CASE PRESENTATION

Our orthopedic patients with post-surgical or traumatic hand edema and three non-edematous hands were enrolled in the study. A mixed model effect with fixed factors of time (pre-post) and bandage type (M, C, N), and random factors of hand, edema, fingers, and phalanges was applied. The bandage types were circular with short elastic bandage (M) and circular with elastic bandage (C). Finger flexion exercises involved alternating contractions of extrinsic and intrinsic flexors. Randomization ensured unbiased allocation to bandage types.

CLINICAL DISCUSSION

The M bandage demonstrated a significant reduction in hand edema by effectively moving free fluids, reinforcing tissue hydrostatic pressure, and facilitating venous and lymphatic flow. On the other hand, the C bandage did not produce significant pre-post differences in hand circumference.

CONCLUSIONS

The combination of a circular bandage with finger flexion exercises shows promise in reducing hand edema in orthopedic patients. Particularly, the stiff bandage M exhibited superior efficacy compared to the elastic one C in reducing hand circumference. These findings provide valuable insights for clinical practice, offering an effective strategy for managing hand edema and promoting better patient outcomes.

Percutaneous endoscopic cecostomy for management of Ogilvie's syndrome: a case series and literature review with an update on current guidelines (with video)

INTRODUCTION

Percutaneous endoscopic cecostomy (PEC) is a viable treatment option for patients with persistent or recurrent acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (ACPO; Ogilvie's syndrome). It should be generally considered in patients that are refractory to pharmacologic and endoscopic decompression, especially those not amenable to surgical intervention due to an increased perioperative risk. Physicians are rather unfamiliar with this approach given the limited number of reports in the literature and paucity of guideline resources, although guidelines concerning ACPO and covering the role of endoscopy were recently published by three major expert societies, all within the last 2 years.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

We retrospectively identified three consecutive patients who underwent PEC placement at a Czech tertiary referral center between May 2018 and December 2021: all for recurrent ACPO. In addition, we summarized the current guidelines in order to present the latest knowledge related both to the procedure and management approach in patients with ACPO.

RESULTS

The placement of PEC was successful and resulted in clinical improvement in all cases without any adverse events.

CONCLUSION

The results of our experience are in line with previous reports and suggest that PEC may become a very useful tool in the armamentarium of modalities utilized to treat ACPO. Furthermore, the availability of guideline resources now offers comprehensive guidance for informed decision-making and the procedural aspects.

Evaluation of Serial Intra-Arterial Indocyanine Green Videoangiography in the Surgical Treatment of Cranial and Craniocervical Junction Arteriovenous Fistulae: A Case Series

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Intravenous indocyanine green (IV-ICG) videoangiography is commonly performed to detect blood flow in the microscopic view. However, intra-arterial ICG (IA-ICG) videoangiography provides high-contrast imaging, repeatability within a short period of time, and clear-cut separation of the arterial and venous phases compared with IV-ICG. These features are useful for detecting retrograde venous drainage (RVD) and shunt occlusion in arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) surgery. This study aimed to investigate whether IA-ICG videoangiography can be repeatable within a short period of time and be useful for detecting RVD and shunt occlusion in cranial- and craniocervical junction (CCJ)-AVF surgery.

METHODS

Between January 2012 and December 2022, 50 patients were treated with endovascular or surgical intervention for cranial- and CCJ-AVF at Tokushima University Hospital. Of these, 5 patients (6 lesions) underwent open surgery with IA-ICG videoangiography in a hybrid operating room. We analyzed the data of these 5 patients (6 lesions).

RESULTS

There were 4/patient (median, range 2-12) and 3.5/lesion (median, range 2-10) intraoperative IA-ICG runs. IA-ICG videoangiography detected RVD in all patients. Clearance of IA-ICG-induced fluorescence was achieved within 30 seconds in all patients at each region of interest. After the disconnection of the fistulae, IA-ICG videoangiography and intraoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) confirmed the disappearance of RVD in all patients. There were no complications associated with IA-ICG videoangiography.

CONCLUSION

This study showed that IA-ICG videoangiography is repeatable within a short period of time before and after obliteration and can be useful for detecting RVD and shunt occlusion in cranial- and CCJ-AVF surgery. IA-ICG videoangiography also allows intraoperative DSA studies in a hybrid operating room. Considering the recent advancements in hybrid operating rooms, combining IA-ICG videoangiography with intraoperative DSA is a useful strategy for cranial- and CCJ-AVF surgery.

Distal fusion in Duchenne scoliosis: the relevance of preoperative pelvic obliquity. A case series study

PURPOSE

The aim of this study was to determine clinical and radiographic outcomes for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) patients who underwent posterior spinal fusion from T2/3 to L5 (without pelvic fixation), at this single centre.

METHODS

From January 2012 to January 2020, 29 consecutive DMD scoliosis patients underwent posterior spinal fusion using pedicle screws from T2/3 to L5 in a single center with a minimum of 3 years follow-up (FU). Radiologic measurements and chart review were performed.

RESULTS

Twenty nine patients aged 14 ± 1.5 years were included. No patient was lost to FU. All patients had significant correction in Cobb angle, pelvic obliquity (PO) and lumbar lordosis (LL), without loss of correction at last FU. The mean values for preoperative, immediate postoperative and last FU were CA 62o, 15o and 17o, PO: 21o, 8o and 9o; and LL 10o, -41o and -41o respectively. Correction in CA was independent of any variable analysed including implant density, rod diameter, traction, or bone density. Regarding PO, it was inversely related to age and independent of all other variables. Factors associated with postoperative complications were age and respiratory function.

CONCLUSIONS

It appears from our results that pelvic fixation might not always be required in DMD scoliosis surgery, when using pedicle screws with lowest instrumented vertebra at L5. However, larger preoperative PO values can be related with residual PO. It seems that probably related to the underlying condition, early surgery may decrease incidence of complications.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

IV.

Gastroblastoma without GLI1 and EWSR1 gene breaks

OBJECTIVE

To report a rare gastroblastoma; discuss its clinical features, histopathological morphology, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis; and so as to improve the understanding on this disease and provide reference for its diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

METHODS

The diagnosis and treatment, imaging examination, pathological, and genetic data of a 19-year-old young female patient with gastroblastoma were analyzed retrospectively, and the relevant literature was reviewed and summarized.

RESULTS

The patient was found to have a "gastrointestinal stromal tumor" for 3 days by physical examination in another hospital. Abdominal CT and MRI considered "solid pseudopapilloma of pancreas" and clinically planned to perform "radical pancreatoduodenectomy." During the operation, the tumor was observed to bulge from the posterior wall of the gastric antrum, and the root was located in the gastric antrum, so it was changed to "partial gastrectomy + Ronx-y gastrojejunal anastomosis." The postoperative pathology showed that the tumor was bi-differentiated between gastric epithelium and mesenchymal. Combined with the results of IHC and the opinions of several consultation units, the diagnosis of gastric blastoma (low-grade malignancy) was supported. However, the fracture rearrangement of GLI1 and EWSR1 genes was not detected by FISH. After 19 months of follow-up, no signs of tumor recurrence and metastasis were found.

CONCLUSION

Combined with existing literature reports, gastroblastoma occurs in young people, equally in men and women, and tends to occur in the gastric antrum. The biological behavior of the tumor tends to be inert, and the prognosis of most cases is good. Postoperative pathology and IHC are reliable methods for the diagnosis of gastric blastoma, and surgical resection of the lesion is the preferred treatment.

Short Peptide Nanofiber Biomaterials Ameliorate Local Hemostatic Capacity of Surgical Materials and Intraoperative Hemostatic Applications in Clinics

Short designer self-assembling peptide (dSAP) biomaterials are a new addition to the hemostat group. It may provide a diverse and robust toolbox for surgeons to integrate wound microenvironment with much safer and stronger hemostatic capacity than conventional materials and hemostatic agents. Especially in noncompressible torso hemorrhage (NCTH), diffuse mucosal surface bleeding, and internal medical bleeding (IMB), with respect to the optimal hemostatic formulation, dSAP biomaterials are the ingenious nanofiber alternatives to make bioactive neural scaffold, nasal packing, large mucosal surface coverage in gastrointestinal surgery (esophagus, gastric lesion, duodenum, and lower digestive tract), epicardiac cell-delivery carrier, transparent matrix barrier, and so on. Herein, in multiple surgical specialties, dSAP-biomaterial-based nano-hemostats achieve safe, effective, and immediate hemostasis, facile wound healing, and potentially reduce the risks in delayed bleeding, rebleeding, post-operative bleeding, or related complications. The biosafety in vivo, bleeding indications, tissue-sealing quality, surgical feasibility, and local usability are addressed comprehensively and sequentially and pursued to develop useful surgical techniques with better hemostatic performance. Here, the state of the art and all-round advancements of nano-hemostatic approaches in surgery are provided. Relevant critical insights will inspire exciting investigations on peptide nanotechnology, next-generation biomaterials, and better promising prospects in clinics.

Twists and turns: A case report of cecal volvulus

We present a case of a 22-year-old male presenting in the emergency room with colicky abdominal pain, vomiting, and abdominal distension for which an early computed tomography scan was done and diagnosed as cecal volvulus. Following diagnosis case was managed promptly by laparotomy with right hemicolectomy and primary anastomosis.

The Management of Hydrocephalus in Midline Posterior Fossa Cystic Collections: Surgical Outcome From a Retrospective Single-Center Case Series of 54 Consecutive Pediatric Patients

BACKGROUND

Hydrocephalus frequently occurs with midline posterior fossa cystic collections. The classification of this heterogeneous group of developmental anomalies, including Dandy-Walker malformation, persisting Blake's pouch, retrocerebellar arachnoid cysts, and mega cisterna magna, is subject of debate. The absence of diagnostic criteria is confusing regarding the ideal management of PFCC-related hydrocephalus.

OBJECTIVE

To decipher the surgical strategy for the treatment of children with PFCC-related hydrocephalus through a retrospective analysis of the surgical outcome driven by their clinical and radiological presentation.

METHODS

This study enrolled patients operated of symptomatic PFCC-related hydrocephalus. Clinical and MRI features were examined, as well as the surgical outcome. Unbiased subgroup classification of the patients was performed with multiple component analysis as a function of imaging characteristics and hierarchical clustering on principal component. Outcome was assessed with binomial logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis.

RESULTS

Fifty-four patients were included between 2007 and 2021. Multiple component analysis suggested that cerebellar and vermian hypoplasia, vermian rotation, basal-tentorial angle, and fastigial angle were strongly correlated. Hierarchical clustering and the distribution of the patients in the bidimensional plot showed the clear segregation of 3 major clusters, which correlated with the radiological diagnosis ( P < .01). Binomial logistic regression and survival analysis showed that endoscopic third ventriculostomy was an effective treatment for patients with persisting Blake's pouch, while failing to control hydrocephalus in most of patients with Dandy-Walker malformation.

CONCLUSION

Preoperative MRI in patients with PFCC-related hydrocephalus is essential to better define the diagnosis. The choice of treatment strategy notably relies on correct radiological diagnosis.

Gastric cancer for young adults: Case series of three cases

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE

Gastric cancer is the fifth most common malignant tumor in the world. It is considered to be the second most common cause of cancer-related death. It is still described as the preserve of people aged over 50. However, it is rarely described in young people. In this study, we report three cases of gastric cancer for subjects under 35 years of age.

METHODS

The study was a retrospective single-center non-consecutive case series.

RESULTS

We report three cases of gastric cancer for young people under 35 years old. The consultation reason was chronic pain with a mean evolution of 2.1 years associated with post prandial vomiting. Clinical, biological and prognostic aspects were evaluated. Biopsies in all these patients were consistent with a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. The mean age was 28.3 years, with males predominating.

CONCLUSION

Gastric cancer is generally considered to be a pathology of the elderly, but it can also occur in younger patients. Late consultation for treatment leads to late-stage diagnosis and a poorer prognosis.

Intraoperative ultrasound-guided ventricular cannulation in patients with normal-sized ventricles

INTRODUCTION

Many pathologies require normal-sized ventricle cannulation, which may be technically challenging even with neuronavigation guidance. This study presents a series of ventricular cannulation of normal-sized ventricles using intraoperative ultrasound (iUS) guidance and the outcomes of patients treated by this technique, for the first time.

METHODS

The study included patients who underwent ultrasound-guided ventricular cannulation of normal-sized ventricles (either ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting or Ommaya reservoir) between January 2020 and June 2022. All patients underwent iUS-guided ventricular cannulation from the right Kocher's point. The inclusion criteria for normal-sized ventricles were as follows: (1) Evans index <30%, and (2) widest third ventricle diameter <6mm. Medical records and pre-, intra- and post-operative imaging were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTS

Nine of the 18 included patients underwent VP shunt placement; 6 had idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), 2 had resistant cerebrospinal fluid fistula following posterior fossa surgery, and 1 had iatrogenic intracranial pressure elevation following foramen magnum decompression. Nine patients underwent Ommaya reservoir implantation, 6 of whom had breast carcinoma and leptomeningeal metastases and 3 hematologic disease and leptomeningeal infiltration. All catheter tip positions were achieved in a single attempt, and none were placed suboptimally. Mean follow-up was 10 months. One IIH patient (5.5%) had early shunt infection which necessitated shunt removal.

CONCLUSION

iUS is a simple and safe method for accurate cannulation of normal-sized ventricles. It provides an effective real-time guidance option for challenging punctures.

Retrospective Study of 57 Patients Submitted to Dorsal Root Entry Zone Lesioning by Radiofrequency for Brachial Plexus Avulsion Pain

BACKGROUND

Dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) lesioning may be used to treat neuropathic pain in patients with traumatic brachial plexus injuries. The clinical outcome after surgery is variable in the medical literature. We aimed to report the surgical outcome after DREZ lesioning by radiofrequency and to analyze prognostic factors such as the presence of a spinal cord injury identified before surgery.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective study that included 57 patients who had experienced traumatic brachial plexus injuries and exhibited neuropathic pain that did not respond to conservative treatment methods. They were submitted to DREZ lesioning. We defined the inclusion and exclusion criteria, collected sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and identified and classified spinal cord lesions based on magnetic resonance imaging. We applied statistical tests to evaluate the association between pain intensity after surgery and the radiological profile and sociodemographic characteristics.

RESULTS

Immediately after surgery, the pain outcome was considered good or excellent in 50 patients (89.28%). At the last follow-up, it was good or excellent in 39 patients (68.43%). There was no association (P > 0.05) between the pain outcome and the variables analyzed (time interval between trauma and DREZ lesioning, presence of spinal cord injury, age, the number of avulsed roots, and the type of pain).

CONCLUSIONS

DREZ lesioning using radiofrequency represents a significant therapeutic approach for managing neuropathic pain after a traumatic brachial plexus injury. Importantly, we found that the presence of a spinal cord injury is not associated with the surgical outcome.

Roux-en-Y biliary reconstruction as a definitive treatment for serious complications of portal biliopathy. Case series

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE

Portal biliopathy (PB) is an abnormality of the biliary tree wall due to extrahepatic portal hypertension. Among the complications of portal biliopathy are digestive bleeding, jaundice, and cholangitis. Surgical treatment is an exception when medical management is not possible.

CASE PRESENTATION

This is a case series study of four patients with severe PB complications requiring surgical management in our center from 2005 to 2016. Two of them had previous surgical procedures related to portal hypertension. All presented with severe biliary stenosis and recurrent cholangitis, and two also had massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Because of endoscopic management failure, a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy was performed in all cases. Two patients presented morbidity Clavien-Dindo>IIIA, requiring reoperation. During follow-up, no one developed other complications related to PB.

DISCUSSION

Surgical treatment for PB complications is a challenge and mainly implies a portosystemic shunt as a first step. When it fails, an alternative is perform a biliodigestive anastomoses, with high risk of bleeding given the prominent collaterals present in the hepatoduodenal pedicle secondary to portal cavernomatosis.

CONCLUSION

Our patients after YRGB didn't present new complications due to PB. The surgery could be a definite solution for PB complications. It has only been made for selective cases because it implies high complexity and risk.

Endovascular treatment for life-threatening hemoptysis due to rupture of descending thoracic aortic aneurysm: A case series

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE

Aortic aneurysm is an uncommon but life-threatening cause of hemoptysis. Treatments include surgery and/or endovascular intervention, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Endovascular intervention is associated with good early and medium-term outcomes.

CASE PRESENTATIONS

We report three cases of hemoptysis due to ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysm who underwent endovascular intervention. In all three cases, endovascular grafts were placed in the descending thoracic aorta, the number of grafts used was 1, the average time to stop hemoptysis was 4 to 5 days, and the length of hospital stay was between 6 and 8 days. No intravascular fistula, renal failure, prolonged mechanical ventilation and other major cardiovascular events were reported.

CLINICAL DISCUSSION

Endovascular treatment for descending TAA has been demonstrated to be safe and effective, particularly in emergencies in which patients presented with life-threatening hemoptysis, due to its rapid access to the aorta. In our experience at a tertiary hospital in southern Vietnam, the procedural time for a thoracic endovascular aortic repair is relatively brief and can last between 15 and 30 min. Thus, endovascular treatment for ruptured TAA can substantially improve patient prognosis, reduce mortality and complications.

CONCLUSION

The implementation of endovascular intervention can help improve prognosis, reduce mortality and complications in patients with hemoptysis due to ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysm.

Early Outcomes on Triple-Branch Arch Device With Retrograde Left Common Carotid Branch: A Case Series

INTRODUCTION

Endovascular aortic arch repair using multibranch devices has been applied in patients considered at high risk for open repair. The aim of this case series was to report the early outcomes in patients managed with a new design 3 branch arch custom-made device, including a retrograde left common carotid artery (LCCA) branch.

METHODS

The Preferred Reporting Of CaSe Series in Surgery (PROCESS) guidelines were followed. All consecutive patients undergoing endovascular repair of an aortic arch lesion with a custom-made triple-branch device, including a retrograde LCCA branch (Cook Medical, Bloomington, IN, USA), between October 27, 2022, and February 28, 2023, were included. The presence of an arch aneurysm (degenerative or post-dissection) with diameter ≥55 mm and high risk for a conventional open repair set the indication for treatment. The primary outcomes were technical success and mortality at 30 days. Early morbidity and reinterventions were considered as secondary outcomes.

RESULTS

Eight elective patients (87.5% men, mean age 72.3±27.0 years) were included. Five of them (62.5%) had undergone a previous ascending aorta repair of an acute type A aortic dissection. All patients were asymptomatic, except one, with left recurrent laryngeal nerve compression. The mean maximum aortic diameter was 70.4±21.0 mm. Percutaneous femoral and axillary access was used in all cases except three in which a cut down for right carotid access was performed. Technical success was 100%. Femoral access to the LCCA and implantation of the bridging stent was performed without technical challenges. No death nor cerebrovascular event was recorded during the 30 day follow-up. Five patients (62.5%) presented major complications, 3 related to access needing reintervention and the remaining related to congestive heart failure (CHF), which were managed successfully with medical treatment. Follow-up (range 1-4 month) was uneventful, except for one patient who presented a secondary type Ia endoleak.

CONCLUSIONS

According to our early experience, the presence of a retrograde branch facilitated the revascularization of the LCCA through femoral access, decreasing the risk of cerebrovascular morbidity. Further analyses with longer follow-up are needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the device.

CLINICAL IMPACT

Data arising mainly from the retrograde branch for the revascularization of the LSA are encouraging from a variety of devices. The premiminary experience with a triple-branched arch device, with a retrograde branche for the LSA but also for the LCCA, was associated with no 30 day mortality and 100% technical success.The device's design allowed swift catheterization and completion of the LCCA revascularization using femoral access exclusively.

Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on eating habits and lifestyle of college students in Tabriz, Iran: a cross-sectional study

Background

The pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has influenced lifestyle behaviors and the health of populations worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the eating habits and lifestyle behaviors of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences students in Tabriz, Iran.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 220 college students selected using a convenience sampling method in May-June 2022. Data were collected by the questionnaire, which included information on eating habits, physical activity, smoking, watching television, social media use, sleep, anxiety and stress, and smoking before and during the pandemic. The Chi-square test was used to analyze the association of COVID-19 with lifestyle behaviors.

Results

The median age of participants was 22.00 (IQR: 3.00) years old. The median BMI was 21.69 (IQR: 3.82) kg/m2, and 74.5% of participants had a BMI of 18.5 to 25 kg/m2. Around 34.5% of participants reported a weight gain during the pandemic. During the pandemic, students' eating habits improved by maintaining a regular meal pattern, eating a balanced diet, consuming 2-3 servings of milk or its products, consuming one or more servings of pulses, eggs, or meat per day, decreasing consumption of fast food, fried, and junk foods, adding less sugar to meals and beverages, and consuming fewer sugar-sweetened beverages and foods with high sugar (all p = 0.000). They also reported less physical activity and more sitting and screen time. Sleep time and poorer quality of sleep increased during the pandemic (p = 0.000). Feeling stress or anxiety in a day increased, and 2.2% of our participants decided to smoke. The biggest reasons for eating habits changes were less eating out, fear of coronavirus spreading through food, preferring home-cooked food, and improved knowledge about nutrition.

Conclusion

The results indicated that the eating habits of university students improved; however, participants stated increased weight gain, screen, sitting, and sleep time, declined physical activity, worse sleep quality, and feeling stress or anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings can help to develop nutritional and behavioral recommendations for maintaining adults' health during and after the pandemic.

Guidelines for Authors and Reviewers of

Credible clinical research is a precondition of evidence-based surgery. If clinical research is not conducted and reported properly, such research can be unreliable, unclear, and misleading. Our journal, Plastic Surgery, aims to improve its quality and thus enhance interest, submissions, and readership. To do so, we must ensure that the articles published in our journal align with these goals. This article guides future clinical research contributors, how to design, conduct and report valuable and reliable research. Readers are informed how to choose a title and keywords that properly reflect the content of the article. The proper organization of a manuscript, and the information that goes into each section is described. Valuable tools like the EQUATOR Network Guidelines, the FINER Criteria and the PICOT Format are described for the reader. These resources help formulate a proper research question and ensure transparency in reporting. Commonly used study designs, and the research questions they answer are presented. This ensures that those engaged in research are choosing the right study design for their research. We outline the statistical information that should be presented in the Methods section and differentiate between the content that should be found in the Results and Discussion sections. As Plastic Surgery strives to publish high-quality, reliable research, it is by the standards presented in this article that we will judge all manuscripts submitted for publication.

High mortality diphtheritic myocarditis with conduction disturbance, case series, and review of literature

Diphtheria cases are still being reported in various parts of the globe. Although complete heart block resulting from diphtheric myocarditis is infrequent, it can lead to fatality. Awareness and recognition of this help strengthen the importance of vaccines and their proper management.

CASE PRESENTATION

The authors report two young patients who presented in the interval of a month, to the emergency department with signs and symptoms of diphtheria. Both developed diphtheric myocarditis with complete heart block and severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction, which did not respond to temporary pacing.

DISCUSSION

Diphtheria remains rare but few cases continue to emerge, especially in developing countries. Those who develop it have high mortality, particularly from cardiomyopathy, airway compromise, and organ failure. Conduction abnormalities are diagnostic of diphtheric myocarditis and have a grim prognosis and treatment options are limited.

CONCLUSION

Diphtheric myocarditis has a poor prognosis and is an independent predictor of mortality. Since aggressive invasive treatment has not been shown to improve survival, early recognition along with antitoxin at the earliest suspicion and proper supportive care are the current best available options.

Percutaneous Rhizotomy of the Gasserian Ganglion in Patients With Mass Lesion-Associated Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Case Series

BACKGROUND

Patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) secondary to mass lesions are typically treated by directly addressing the underlying pathology. In cases of TN not alleviated by treatment of the pathology, percutaneous balloon compression (PBC) and glycerol rhizotomy (Gly) are simple and effective ways to alleviate pain. However, there is limited literature on the use of these techniques for patients with TN caused by mass lesions.

OBJECTIVE

To describe the use of PBC/Gly to treat mass lesion-related TN.

METHODS

We report a retrospective, single-institution, descriptive case series of patients who presented with TN secondary to tumor or mass-like inflammatory lesion from 1999 to 2021. Patients with primary, idiopathic, or multiple sclerosis-related TN were excluded. Outcomes included Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) pain intensity and hypesthesia scores, pain persistence, and postoperative complications.

RESULTS

A total of 459 procedures were identified, of which 16 patients met the inclusion criterion (14 PBC and 2 Gly). Of the 15 patients with tumors, 12 had TN pain despite prior tumor-targeted radiation. Short-term (<3 months) BNI pain intensity improvement occurred in 15 (93.8%) patients. The mean follow-up was 54.4 months. Thirteen (81.3%) patients were pain-free (Barrow Neurological Institute pain intensity scale: IIIa-50%; I-25.0%; II-6.3%) for a mean of 23.8 (range 1-137) months. Ten patients (62.5%) had pain relief for ≥6 months from first procedure. New facial numbness developed immediately postprocedure in 8 (50%) patients. Transient, partial abducens nerve palsy occurred in 1 patient.

CONCLUSION

PBC/Gly is an effective option for medically refractory TN in patients with mass-associated TN and is a viable option for repeat treatment.

Severe hypercalcemia secondary to parathyroid adenoma: Series of four consecutive cases at a tertiary care hospital in Qatar

INTRODUCTION

In most cases of parathyroid adenoma (PA), it is not palpable and physical examination shows no remarkable findings. Hence diagnosis requires an index of suspicion. The current paper describes four cases of severe hypercalcemia secondary to PA.

PRESENTATION OF CASES

Case 1 - 29 years old Sudanese female with history of nausea/vomiting, fatigue, loss of appetite and bone aches. She had large palpable left lower neck swelling, and high calcium and PTH. Ultrasound (US) neck and SPECT/CT scan after sestamibi injection showed left inferior PA. Case 2-73 years old Sudanese male referred with history of abdominal pain and flatulence. He had severely high calcium, elevated parathormone (PTH), and high 24-hour urine calcium. US and SPECT/CT showed a left inferior PA. Case 3-54 years old Bangladeshi male, referred with history of renal colic/urolithiasis. Laboratory results showed severely high calcium and PTH levels. US and SPECT/CT scan showed right inferior PA. Case 4-35 years old Tunisian female, 12 weeks pregnant, referred with recurrent nausea and vomiting of increasing frequency from the second week of pregnancy. Laboratory tests revealed severe hypercalcemia and high PTH. US showed two parathyroid lesions.

DISCUSSION

The patients were admitted as emergency cases and investigations diagnosed severe hypercalcemia secondary to PA. All patients underwent neck exploration and PA excision. Histology confirmed PA. The four cases were swiftly assessed and treated before progressing into the more serious hypercalcemic crisis which can lead to grave consequences, particularly in the case of the pregnant female. All patients recovered with no complications and were clinically well with normal calcium level on follow up.

CONCLUSION

Severe hypercalcemia must be swiftly and thoroughly assessed to prevent the more serious hypercalcemic crisis. Clinicians need to be suspicious of parathyroid adenoma as a probable cause. Severe hypercalcemia is often accompanied with vomiting, and in pregnant females, this could be mistaken for hyperemesis gravidarum. Excision of the parathyroid adenoma treats the condition and follow up of serum calcium and PTH confirms the favorable outcome of surgery.

Laparoscopic treatment of Mirizzi syndrome with subtotal cholecystectomy and electrohydraulic lithotripsy: A case report

Mirizzi syndrome is a rare chronic cholecystitis complication. However, the current consensus on managing this condition remains controversial, especially through laparoscopic surgery. This report describes the feasibility of treating type I Mirizzi syndrome with laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy and electrohydraulic lithotripsic gallstone removal. A 53-year-old woman presented with dark urine and right upper quadrant pain for 1 month. On examination, she was jaundiced. Blood tests showed highly elevated liver and biliary enzyme levels. Abdominal ultrasound showed a slightly dilated common bile duct with suspicion of choledocholithiasis. However, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography showed a narrowed common bile duct extrinsically compressed by a gallstone in the cystic duct, establishing a Mirizzi syndrome diagnosis. Elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy was planned. At operation, the trans-infundibulum approach was used since dissection around the cystic duct was difficult due to severe local inflammation of Calot's triangle. The gallbladder's neck was opened, and the stone was removed by lithotripsy via a flexible choledochoscope. Common bile duct exploration through the cystic duct was normal. The fundus and body of the gallbladder were resected, followed by T-tube drainage and suturing of the gallbladder's neck. The patient's postoperative clinical course was uneventful. Treating Mirizzi syndrome remains a major challenge for hepatobiliary specialists even with open surgery due to high complication rates, including bile duct injuries. Treatment is primarily to clear out the responsible stone and necrotic tissue. Due to advances in endoscopic surgery and equipment, subtotal cholecystectomy with laparoscopic gallstone extraction provides a safe and effective option for patients with Mirizzi syndrome. Laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy with electrohydraulic lithotripsy is a feasible and useful approach for treating Mirizzi syndrome that avoids iatrogenic bile duct injury.

Acute coronary syndromes in chronic hemodialysis patients: a series of 34 cases (case series)

Cardiovascular diseases, particularly acute coronary syndrome, are the leading cause of death in chronic hemodialysis patients. Our study aims to analyze the pathophysiological, clinical, angiographic, and therapeutic characteristics of coronary heart disease in hemodialysis patients.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

This single-centered retrospective descriptive study included 34 hemodialysis patients hospitalized in the cardiovascular ICU.

RESULTS

The mean age of patients in our study was 64.4±11.3 years. The main cardiovascular risk factor found in our study was age, with a prevalence of 76.50%, followed by hypertension, with a prevalence of 67.60%. Diabetes was present in 55.90% of patients. The authors also found that 17.90% of patients were obese, and 29.40% had abdominal obesity. The main cause of renal disease in our study was diabetic nephropathy (52.90% of cases), followed by hypertensive nephropathy (23.50% of cases). ST segment elevation myocardial infarction was found in 14.70% of cases, and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in 85.30% of cases. Coronary angiography was performed in 76.40% of patients. Single-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) was found in 20%, two-vessel CAD in 50%, and three-vessel CAD in 30% of the cases. Coronary artery calcifications were observed in 21.42% of cases. 38.23% had an angioplasty, and 20.58% were referred for a coronary artery bypass graft.

CONCLUSION

Despite the high mortality rate after acute coronary syndrome, hemodialysis patients are less likely to undergo diagnostic angiography or coronary revascularization. Patients on hemodialysis tend to have multiple, diffuse, calcified CAD.

Risk Factors for Adjacent Segment Disease in Short Segment Lumbar Interbody Fusion-A Case Series

BACKGROUND

Adjacent segment disease (ASD) is a common problem after lumbar spinal fusions. Ways to reduce the rates of ASD are highly sought after to reduce the need for reoperation.

OBJECTIVE

To find predisposing factors of ASD after lumbar interbody fusions, especially in mismatch of pelvic incidence and lumbar lordosis (PI-LL).

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all patients undergoing lumbar interbody fusions of less than 4 levels from June 2015 to July 2020 with at least 1 year of follow-up and in those who had obtained postoperative standing X-rays.

RESULTS

We found 243 patients who fit inclusion and exclusion criteria. Fourteen patients (5.8%) developed ASD, at a median of 24 months. Postoperative lumbar lordosis was significantly higher in the non-ASD cohort (median 46.4° ± 1.4° vs 36.9° ± 3.6°, P < .001), pelvic tilt was significantly lower in the non-ASD cohort (16.0° ± 0.66° vs 20.3° ± 2.4°, P = .002), PI-LL mismatch was significantly lower in the non-ASD cohort (5.28° ± 1.0° vs 17.1° ± 2.0°, P < .001), and age-appropriate PI-LL mismatch was less common in the non-ASD cohort (34 patients [14.8%] vs 13 [92.9%] of patients with high mismatch, P < .001). Using multivariate analysis, greater PI-LL mismatch was predictive of ASD (95% odds ratio CI = 1.393-2.458, P < .001) and age-appropriate PI-LL mismatch was predictive of ASD (95% odds ratio CI = 10.8-970.4, P < .001).

CONCLUSION

Higher PI-LL mismatch, both age-independent and when adjusted for age, after lumbar interbody fusion was predictive for developing ASD. In lumbar degenerative disease, correction of spinopelvic parameters should be a main goal of surgical correction.

Sartorius muscle pedicle iliac bone graft for treating neglected femoral neck fracture: A case series

INTRODUCTION

Femoral neck fractures in patients less than 50 years account for less than 5 % of all hip fractures. Controversy remains regarding timing of surgery, operative technique, and optimal implant construct because of a lack of prospective clinical trials. The blood supply to the femoral head is tenuous and easily injured in the setting of displaced fractures. An alternative using sartorius muscle pedicle iliac bone graft has not been discussed widely.

CASE PRESENTATION

Four patients with neglected femoral neck fracture were included in the series; all underwent cannulated screws fixation and osteomuscular pedicled graft using sartorius muscle. All patients achieved bone healing after 6-months of follow-up.

CONCLUSION

Our series demonstrate that sartorius muscle pedicle graft may be a good choice for treating neglected femoral neck fractures. Further studies are required to investigate its outcome and complications.