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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review relates recent findings that highlight the role of the spleen as an active donor of monocytes during inflammation, with a special focus on atherosclerosis. RECENT FINDINGS The contribution of hypercholesterolemia and monocytes/macrophages to atherosclerotic lesion formation is undisputable. The origin of plaque macrophages is, however, still a subject of debate as to whether they derive from local amplification of (resident) macrophages or from continuous recruitment and differentiation of monocytes. Recently, the spleen has emerged as an important reservoir of monocytes that contributes to lesion growth. The regulation of monocyte mobilization from the splenic compartment has, therefore, raised a keen interest in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in this process. SUMMARY Impaired regulation of cholesterol metabolism increases the proliferation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in both the bone marrow and the spleen. Recent findings identified the implication of angiotensin II, red pulp macrophages and B-lymphocytes as partners of monocyte expansion in, and mobilization from the spleen. Future studies will help in understanding the mechanisms of monocyte mobilization and its precise roles in atherosclerosis, and whether modulation of the splenic components may become a promising future direction in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Potteaux
- aINSERM UMR-S 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité bRéanimation médicale, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France cDepartment of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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352
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Abstract
Myocardial infarction is defined as sudden ischemic death of myocardial tissue. In the clinical context, myocardial infarction is usually due to thrombotic occlusion of a coronary vessel caused by rupture of a vulnerable plaque. Ischemia induces profound metabolic and ionic perturbations in the affected myocardium and causes rapid depression of systolic function. Prolonged myocardial ischemia activates a "wavefront" of cardiomyocyte death that extends from the subendocardium to the subepicardium. Mitochondrial alterations are prominently involved in apoptosis and necrosis of cardiomyocytes in the infarcted heart. The adult mammalian heart has negligible regenerative capacity, thus the infarcted myocardium heals through formation of a scar. Infarct healing is dependent on an inflammatory cascade, triggered by alarmins released by dying cells. Clearance of dead cells and matrix debris by infiltrating phagocytes activates anti-inflammatory pathways leading to suppression of cytokine and chemokine signaling. Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and release of transforming growth factor-β induce conversion of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, promoting deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. Infarct healing is intertwined with geometric remodeling of the chamber, characterized by dilation, hypertrophy of viable segments, and progressive dysfunction. This review manuscript describes the molecular signals and cellular effectors implicated in injury, repair, and remodeling of the infarcted heart, the mechanistic basis of the most common complications associated with myocardial infarction, and the pathophysiologic effects of established treatment strategies. Moreover, we discuss the implications of pathophysiological insights in design and implementation of new promising therapeutic approaches for patients with myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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353
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Nahrendorf M, Swirski FK. Innate immune cells in ischaemic heart disease: does myocardial infarction beget myocardial infarction? Eur Heart J 2015; 37:868-72. [PMID: 26351395 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of macrophages in steady-state and diseased tissue is rapidly expanding, propelled by improved diagnostic capacity to detect and monitor cells in their native environments. In this review, we discuss implications for ischaemic heart disease and examine innate immune cell pathways that increase systemic leucocyte supply after myocardial infarction (MI). Acute MI alters the macrophage phenotype and supply chain from tissue resident to blood monocytes sourced from haematopoietic organs. That blood leucocytosis closely associates with cardiovascular mortality provides a strong motivation to understand why and how organ ischaemia alters cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Filip K Swirski
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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354
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Systemic inflammatory response following acute myocardial infarction. JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC CARDIOLOGY : JGC 2015; 12:305-12. [PMID: 26089856 PMCID: PMC4460175 DOI: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2015.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Acute cardiomyocyte necrosis in the infarcted heart generates damage-associated molecular patterns, activating complement and toll-like receptor/interleukin-1 signaling, and triggering an intense inflammatory response. Inflammasomes also recognize danger signals and mediate sterile inflammatory response following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Inflammatory response serves to repair the heart, but excessive inflammation leads to adverse left ventricular remodeling and heart failure. In addition to local inflammation, profound systemic inflammation response has been documented in patients with AMI, which includes elevation of circulating inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and cell adhesion molecules, and activation of peripheral leukocytes and platelets. The excessive inflammatory response could be caused by a deregulated immune system. AMI is also associated with bone marrow activation and spleen monocytopoiesis, which sustains a continuous supply of monocytes at the site of inflammation. Accumulating evidence has shown that systemic inflammation aggravates atherosclerosis and markers for systemic inflammation are predictors of adverse clinical outcomes (such as death, recurrent myocardial infarction, and heart failure) in patients with AMI.
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355
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Karper JC, Westenbrink BD. BNP in heart failure: even leucocytes cannot escape its influence. Eur J Heart Fail 2015; 17:536-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jacco C. Karper
- Department of Cardiology; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - B. Daan Westenbrink
- Department of Cardiology; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
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356
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Thapa M, Chinnadurai R, Velazquez VM, Tedesco D, Elrod E, Han JH, Sharma P, Ibegbu C, Gewirtz A, Anania F, Pulendran B, Suthar MS, Grakoui A. Liver fibrosis occurs through dysregulation of MyD88-dependent innate B-cell activity. Hepatology 2015; 61:2067-79. [PMID: 25711908 PMCID: PMC4441566 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Chronic liver disease mediated by activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) leads to liver fibrosis. Here, we postulated that the immune regulatory properties of HSCs might promote the profibrogenic activity of B cells. Fibrosis is completely attenuated in carbon tetrachloride-treated, B cell-deficient µMT mice, showing that B cells are required. The retinoic acid produced by HSCs augmented B-cell survival, plasma cell marker CD138 expression, and immunoglobulin G production. These activities were reversed following addition of the retinoic acid inhibitor LE540. Transcriptional profiling of fibrotic liver B cells revealed increased expression of genes related to activation of nuclear factor κ light chain enhancer of activated B cells, proinflammatory cytokine production, and CD40 signaling, suggesting that these B cells are activated and may be acting as inflammatory cells. Biological validation experiments also revealed increased activation (CD44 and CD86 expression), constitutive immunoglobulin G production, and secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α. Likewise, targeted deletion of B-cell-intrinsic myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 signaling, an innate adaptor with involvement in retinoic acid signaling, resulted in reduced infiltration of migratory CD11c(+) dendritic cells and Ly6C(++) monocytes and, hence, reduced liver pathology. CONCLUSION Liver fibrosis occurs through a mechanism of HSC-mediated augmentation of innate B-cell activity. These findings highlight B cells as important "first responders" of the intrahepatic immune environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Thapa
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Raghavan Chinnadurai
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Victoria M. Velazquez
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Dana Tedesco
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Elizabeth Elrod
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Jin-Hwan Han
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Prachi Sharma
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Chris Ibegbu
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Andrew Gewirtz
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - Frank Anania
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Mehul S. Suthar
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322,Department of Pediatrics and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Arash Grakoui
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322,Division of Infectious diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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357
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Brunner PM, Glitzner E, Reininger B, Klein I, Stary G, Mildner M, Uhrin P, Sibilia M, Stingl G. CCL7 contributes to the TNF-alpha-dependent inflammation of lesional psoriatic skin. Exp Dermatol 2015; 24:522-8. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M. Brunner
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Department of Dermatology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Elisabeth Glitzner
- Institute of Cancer Research; Department of Medicine I; Comprehensive Cancer Center; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Baerbel Reininger
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Department of Dermatology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Irene Klein
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Department of Dermatology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Georg Stary
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Department of Dermatology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Michael Mildner
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin; Department of Dermatology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Pavel Uhrin
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research; Center for Physiology and Pharmacology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Maria Sibilia
- Institute of Cancer Research; Department of Medicine I; Comprehensive Cancer Center; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Georg Stingl
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Department of Dermatology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
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358
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Dutta P, Nahrendorf M. Monocytes in myocardial infarction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1066-70. [PMID: 25792449 PMCID: PMC4409536 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of death in developed countries. Though timely revascularization of the ischemic myocardium and current standard therapy reduce acute mortality after MI, long-term morbidity and mortality remain high. During the first 1 to 2 weeks after MI, tissues in the infarcted myocardium undergo rapid turnover, including digestion of extracellular matrix and fibrosis. Post-MI repair is crucial to survival. Monocytes recruited to the infarcted myocardium remove debris and facilitate the repair process. However, exaggerated inflammation may also impede healing, as demonstrated by the association between elevated white blood cell count and in-hospital mortality after MI. Monocytes produced in the bone marrow and spleen enter the blood after MI and are recruited to the injured myocardium in 2 phases. The first phase is dominated by Ly-6c(high) monocytes and the second phase by Ly-6c(low) monocytes. Yet the number of Ly6C(low) monocytes recruited to the infarct is much lower, and Ly6C(high) monocytes can differentiate to Ly6C(low) macrophages in later healing stages. Understanding the signals regulating monocytosis after MI will help design new therapies to facilitate cardiac healing and limit heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Dutta
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston.
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
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359
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Nahrendorf M, Frantz S, Swirski FK, Mulder WJM, Randolph G, Ertl G, Ntziachristos V, Piek JJ, Stroes ES, Schwaiger M, Mann DL, Fayad ZA. Imaging systemic inflammatory networks in ischemic heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 65:1583-91. [PMID: 25881940 PMCID: PMC4401833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
While acute myocardial infarction mortality declines, patients continue to face reinfarction and/or heart failure. The immune system, which intimately interacts with healthy and diseased tissues through resident and recruited leukocytes, is a central interface for a global host response to ischemia. Pathways that enhance the systemic leukocyte supply may be potential therapeutic targets. Pre-clinically, imaging helps to identify immunity's decision nodes, which may serve as such targets. In translating the rapidly-expanding pre-clinical data on immune activity, the difficulty of obtaining multiple clinical tissue samples from involved organs is an obstacle that whole-body imaging can help overcome. In patients, molecular and cellular imaging can be integrated with blood-based diagnostics to assess the translatability of discoveries, including the activation of hematopoietic tissues after myocardial infarction, and serve as an endpoint in clinical trials. In this review, we discuss these concepts while focusing on imaging immune activity in organs involved in ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Stefan Frantz
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum Halle, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Filip K Swirski
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Willem J M Mulder
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gwendalyn Randolph
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Georg Ertl
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Technische Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jan J Piek
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erik S Stroes
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Markus Schwaiger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Douglas L Mann
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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360
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Epelman S, Liu PP, Mann DL. Role of innate and adaptive immune mechanisms in cardiac injury and repair. Nat Rev Immunol 2015; 15:117-29. [PMID: 25614321 DOI: 10.1038/nri3800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the advances that have been made in developing new therapeutics, cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of worldwide mortality. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying cardiovascular tissue injury and repair is of prime importance. Following cardiac tissue injury, the immune system has an important and complex role in driving both the acute inflammatory response and the regenerative response. This Review summarizes the role of the immune system in cardiovascular disease - focusing on the idea that the immune system evolved to promote tissue homeostasis following injury and/or infection, and that the inherent cost of this evolutionary development is unwanted inflammatory damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slava Epelman
- Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, 101 College Street, TMDT 3903 Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Peter P Liu
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Douglas L Mann
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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361
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Weinberger T, Schulz C. Myocardial infarction: a critical role of macrophages in cardiac remodeling. Front Physiol 2015; 6:107. [PMID: 25904868 PMCID: PMC4387471 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is a common condition and a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Macrophages, besides their role in host defense and tissue homeostasis, are critical players in the pathophysiological processes induced by myocardial infarction. In this article we will summarize the current understanding of the role of monocytes and macrophages in myocardial damage and cardiac remodeling in relation to their origin and developmental paths. Furthermore, we describe their potential implications in therapeutic strategies to modulate myocardial healing and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Weinberger
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig Maximilians-Universität Munich, Germany ; Munich Heart Alliance, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Schulz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig Maximilians-Universität Munich, Germany ; Munich Heart Alliance, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Munich, Germany
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362
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Boufenzer A, Lemarié J, Simon T, Derive M, Bouazza Y, Tran N, Maskali F, Groubatch F, Bonnin P, Bastien C, Bruneval P, Marie PY, Cohen R, Danchin N, Silvestre JS, Ait-Oufella H, Gibot S. TREM-1 Mediates Inflammatory Injury and Cardiac Remodeling Following Myocardial Infarction. Circ Res 2015; 116:1772-82. [PMID: 25840803 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.305628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Optimal outcome after myocardial infarction (MI) depends on a coordinated healing response in which both debris removal and repair of the myocardial extracellular matrix play a major role. However, adverse remodeling and excessive inflammation can promote heart failure, positioning leucocytes as central protagonists and potential therapeutic targets in tissue repair and wound healing after MI. OBJECTIVE In this study, we examined the role of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1(TREM-1) in orchestrating the inflammatory response that follows MI. TREM-1, expressed by neutrophils and mature monocytes, is an amplifier of the innate immune response. METHODS AND RESULTS After infarction, TREM-1 expression is upregulated in ischemic myocardium in mice and humans. Trem-1 genetic invalidation or pharmacological inhibition using a synthetic peptide (LR12) dampens myocardial inflammation, limits neutrophils recruitment and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production, thus reducing classical monocytes mobilization to the heart. It also improves left ventricular function and survival in mice (n=20-22 per group). During both permanent and transient myocardial ischemia, Trem-1 blockade also ameliorates cardiac function and limits ventricular remodeling as assessed by fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomographic imaging and conductance catheter studies (n=9-18 per group). The soluble form of TREM-1 (sTREM-1), a marker of TREM-1 activation, is detectable in the plasma of patients having an acute MI (n=1015), and its concentration is an independent predictor of death. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that TREM-1 could constitute a new therapeutic target during acute MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Boufenzer
- From the Inserm UMR_S1116 (A.B., J.L., M.D., Y.B., S.G.) and School of Surgery (N. T., F. G.), Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Central (J.L., S.G.), Nancyclotep, Hôpital Brabois (F.M., P.-Y.M.), and Department of Pathology, Hôpital Brabois (C.B.), CHU Nancy, Nancy, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Department of Clinical Pharmacology, URC-EST, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France (T.S.); UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France (T.S.); INOTREM SA, Nancy, France (M.D.); Inserm U965, Paris, France (P.B.); Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Inserm U970, Paris, France (P. B., R.C., J.-S.S., H.A.-O.); APHP, Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (N.D.); and Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France (N.D.)
| | - Jérémie Lemarié
- From the Inserm UMR_S1116 (A.B., J.L., M.D., Y.B., S.G.) and School of Surgery (N. T., F. G.), Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Central (J.L., S.G.), Nancyclotep, Hôpital Brabois (F.M., P.-Y.M.), and Department of Pathology, Hôpital Brabois (C.B.), CHU Nancy, Nancy, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Department of Clinical Pharmacology, URC-EST, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France (T.S.); UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France (T.S.); INOTREM SA, Nancy, France (M.D.); Inserm U965, Paris, France (P.B.); Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Inserm U970, Paris, France (P. B., R.C., J.-S.S., H.A.-O.); APHP, Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (N.D.); and Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France (N.D.)
| | - Tabassome Simon
- From the Inserm UMR_S1116 (A.B., J.L., M.D., Y.B., S.G.) and School of Surgery (N. T., F. G.), Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Central (J.L., S.G.), Nancyclotep, Hôpital Brabois (F.M., P.-Y.M.), and Department of Pathology, Hôpital Brabois (C.B.), CHU Nancy, Nancy, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Department of Clinical Pharmacology, URC-EST, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France (T.S.); UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France (T.S.); INOTREM SA, Nancy, France (M.D.); Inserm U965, Paris, France (P.B.); Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Inserm U970, Paris, France (P. B., R.C., J.-S.S., H.A.-O.); APHP, Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (N.D.); and Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France (N.D.)
| | - Marc Derive
- From the Inserm UMR_S1116 (A.B., J.L., M.D., Y.B., S.G.) and School of Surgery (N. T., F. G.), Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Central (J.L., S.G.), Nancyclotep, Hôpital Brabois (F.M., P.-Y.M.), and Department of Pathology, Hôpital Brabois (C.B.), CHU Nancy, Nancy, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Department of Clinical Pharmacology, URC-EST, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France (T.S.); UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France (T.S.); INOTREM SA, Nancy, France (M.D.); Inserm U965, Paris, France (P.B.); Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Inserm U970, Paris, France (P. B., R.C., J.-S.S., H.A.-O.); APHP, Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (N.D.); and Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France (N.D.)
| | - Youcef Bouazza
- From the Inserm UMR_S1116 (A.B., J.L., M.D., Y.B., S.G.) and School of Surgery (N. T., F. G.), Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Central (J.L., S.G.), Nancyclotep, Hôpital Brabois (F.M., P.-Y.M.), and Department of Pathology, Hôpital Brabois (C.B.), CHU Nancy, Nancy, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Department of Clinical Pharmacology, URC-EST, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France (T.S.); UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France (T.S.); INOTREM SA, Nancy, France (M.D.); Inserm U965, Paris, France (P.B.); Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Inserm U970, Paris, France (P. B., R.C., J.-S.S., H.A.-O.); APHP, Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (N.D.); and Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France (N.D.)
| | - Nguyen Tran
- From the Inserm UMR_S1116 (A.B., J.L., M.D., Y.B., S.G.) and School of Surgery (N. T., F. G.), Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Central (J.L., S.G.), Nancyclotep, Hôpital Brabois (F.M., P.-Y.M.), and Department of Pathology, Hôpital Brabois (C.B.), CHU Nancy, Nancy, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Department of Clinical Pharmacology, URC-EST, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France (T.S.); UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France (T.S.); INOTREM SA, Nancy, France (M.D.); Inserm U965, Paris, France (P.B.); Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Inserm U970, Paris, France (P. B., R.C., J.-S.S., H.A.-O.); APHP, Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (N.D.); and Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France (N.D.)
| | - Fatiha Maskali
- From the Inserm UMR_S1116 (A.B., J.L., M.D., Y.B., S.G.) and School of Surgery (N. T., F. G.), Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Central (J.L., S.G.), Nancyclotep, Hôpital Brabois (F.M., P.-Y.M.), and Department of Pathology, Hôpital Brabois (C.B.), CHU Nancy, Nancy, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Department of Clinical Pharmacology, URC-EST, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France (T.S.); UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France (T.S.); INOTREM SA, Nancy, France (M.D.); Inserm U965, Paris, France (P.B.); Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Inserm U970, Paris, France (P. B., R.C., J.-S.S., H.A.-O.); APHP, Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (N.D.); and Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France (N.D.)
| | - Frédérique Groubatch
- From the Inserm UMR_S1116 (A.B., J.L., M.D., Y.B., S.G.) and School of Surgery (N. T., F. G.), Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Central (J.L., S.G.), Nancyclotep, Hôpital Brabois (F.M., P.-Y.M.), and Department of Pathology, Hôpital Brabois (C.B.), CHU Nancy, Nancy, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Department of Clinical Pharmacology, URC-EST, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France (T.S.); UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France (T.S.); INOTREM SA, Nancy, France (M.D.); Inserm U965, Paris, France (P.B.); Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Inserm U970, Paris, France (P. B., R.C., J.-S.S., H.A.-O.); APHP, Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (N.D.); and Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France (N.D.)
| | - Philippe Bonnin
- From the Inserm UMR_S1116 (A.B., J.L., M.D., Y.B., S.G.) and School of Surgery (N. T., F. G.), Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Central (J.L., S.G.), Nancyclotep, Hôpital Brabois (F.M., P.-Y.M.), and Department of Pathology, Hôpital Brabois (C.B.), CHU Nancy, Nancy, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Department of Clinical Pharmacology, URC-EST, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France (T.S.); UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France (T.S.); INOTREM SA, Nancy, France (M.D.); Inserm U965, Paris, France (P.B.); Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Inserm U970, Paris, France (P. B., R.C., J.-S.S., H.A.-O.); APHP, Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (N.D.); and Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France (N.D.)
| | - Claire Bastien
- From the Inserm UMR_S1116 (A.B., J.L., M.D., Y.B., S.G.) and School of Surgery (N. T., F. G.), Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Central (J.L., S.G.), Nancyclotep, Hôpital Brabois (F.M., P.-Y.M.), and Department of Pathology, Hôpital Brabois (C.B.), CHU Nancy, Nancy, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Department of Clinical Pharmacology, URC-EST, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France (T.S.); UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France (T.S.); INOTREM SA, Nancy, France (M.D.); Inserm U965, Paris, France (P.B.); Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Inserm U970, Paris, France (P. B., R.C., J.-S.S., H.A.-O.); APHP, Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (N.D.); and Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France (N.D.)
| | - Patrick Bruneval
- From the Inserm UMR_S1116 (A.B., J.L., M.D., Y.B., S.G.) and School of Surgery (N. T., F. G.), Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Central (J.L., S.G.), Nancyclotep, Hôpital Brabois (F.M., P.-Y.M.), and Department of Pathology, Hôpital Brabois (C.B.), CHU Nancy, Nancy, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Department of Clinical Pharmacology, URC-EST, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France (T.S.); UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France (T.S.); INOTREM SA, Nancy, France (M.D.); Inserm U965, Paris, France (P.B.); Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Inserm U970, Paris, France (P. B., R.C., J.-S.S., H.A.-O.); APHP, Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (N.D.); and Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France (N.D.)
| | - Pierre-Yves Marie
- From the Inserm UMR_S1116 (A.B., J.L., M.D., Y.B., S.G.) and School of Surgery (N. T., F. G.), Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Central (J.L., S.G.), Nancyclotep, Hôpital Brabois (F.M., P.-Y.M.), and Department of Pathology, Hôpital Brabois (C.B.), CHU Nancy, Nancy, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Department of Clinical Pharmacology, URC-EST, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France (T.S.); UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France (T.S.); INOTREM SA, Nancy, France (M.D.); Inserm U965, Paris, France (P.B.); Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Inserm U970, Paris, France (P. B., R.C., J.-S.S., H.A.-O.); APHP, Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (N.D.); and Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France (N.D.)
| | - Raphael Cohen
- From the Inserm UMR_S1116 (A.B., J.L., M.D., Y.B., S.G.) and School of Surgery (N. T., F. G.), Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Central (J.L., S.G.), Nancyclotep, Hôpital Brabois (F.M., P.-Y.M.), and Department of Pathology, Hôpital Brabois (C.B.), CHU Nancy, Nancy, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Department of Clinical Pharmacology, URC-EST, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France (T.S.); UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France (T.S.); INOTREM SA, Nancy, France (M.D.); Inserm U965, Paris, France (P.B.); Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Inserm U970, Paris, France (P. B., R.C., J.-S.S., H.A.-O.); APHP, Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (N.D.); and Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France (N.D.)
| | - Nicolas Danchin
- From the Inserm UMR_S1116 (A.B., J.L., M.D., Y.B., S.G.) and School of Surgery (N. T., F. G.), Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Central (J.L., S.G.), Nancyclotep, Hôpital Brabois (F.M., P.-Y.M.), and Department of Pathology, Hôpital Brabois (C.B.), CHU Nancy, Nancy, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Department of Clinical Pharmacology, URC-EST, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France (T.S.); UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France (T.S.); INOTREM SA, Nancy, France (M.D.); Inserm U965, Paris, France (P.B.); Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Inserm U970, Paris, France (P. B., R.C., J.-S.S., H.A.-O.); APHP, Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (N.D.); and Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France (N.D.)
| | - Jean-Sébastien Silvestre
- From the Inserm UMR_S1116 (A.B., J.L., M.D., Y.B., S.G.) and School of Surgery (N. T., F. G.), Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Central (J.L., S.G.), Nancyclotep, Hôpital Brabois (F.M., P.-Y.M.), and Department of Pathology, Hôpital Brabois (C.B.), CHU Nancy, Nancy, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Department of Clinical Pharmacology, URC-EST, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France (T.S.); UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France (T.S.); INOTREM SA, Nancy, France (M.D.); Inserm U965, Paris, France (P.B.); Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Inserm U970, Paris, France (P. B., R.C., J.-S.S., H.A.-O.); APHP, Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (N.D.); and Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France (N.D.)
| | - Hafid Ait-Oufella
- From the Inserm UMR_S1116 (A.B., J.L., M.D., Y.B., S.G.) and School of Surgery (N. T., F. G.), Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Central (J.L., S.G.), Nancyclotep, Hôpital Brabois (F.M., P.-Y.M.), and Department of Pathology, Hôpital Brabois (C.B.), CHU Nancy, Nancy, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Department of Clinical Pharmacology, URC-EST, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France (T.S.); UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France (T.S.); INOTREM SA, Nancy, France (M.D.); Inserm U965, Paris, France (P.B.); Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Inserm U970, Paris, France (P. B., R.C., J.-S.S., H.A.-O.); APHP, Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (N.D.); and Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France (N.D.)
| | - Sébastien Gibot
- From the Inserm UMR_S1116 (A.B., J.L., M.D., Y.B., S.G.) and School of Surgery (N. T., F. G.), Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Central (J.L., S.G.), Nancyclotep, Hôpital Brabois (F.M., P.-Y.M.), and Department of Pathology, Hôpital Brabois (C.B.), CHU Nancy, Nancy, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Department of Clinical Pharmacology, URC-EST, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France (T.S.); UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France (T.S.); INOTREM SA, Nancy, France (M.D.); Inserm U965, Paris, France (P.B.); Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Inserm U970, Paris, France (P. B., R.C., J.-S.S., H.A.-O.); APHP, Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (N.D.); and Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France (N.D.).
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Abstract
A large body of evidence produced during decades of research indicates that myocardial injury activates innate immunity. On the one hand, innate immunity both aggravates ischemic injury and impedes remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). On the other hand, innate immunity activation contributes to myocardial healing, as exemplified by monocytes' central role in the formation of a stable scar and protection against intraventricular thrombi after acute infarction. Although innate leukocytes can recognize a wide array of self-antigens via pattern recognition receptors, adaptive immunity activation requires highly specific cooperation between antigen-presenting cells and distinct antigen-specific receptors on lymphocytes. We have only recently begun to examine lymphocyte activation's relationship to adaptive immunity and significance in the context of ischemic myocardial injury. There is some experimental evidence that CD4(+) T-cells contribute to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Several studies have shown that CD4(+) T-cells, especially CD4(+) T-regulatory cells, improve wound healing after MI, whereas depleting B-cells is beneficial post MI. That T-cell activation after MI is induced by T-cell receptor signaling implicates autoantigens that have not yet been identified in this context. Also, the significance of lymphocytes in humans post MI remains unclear, primarily as a result of methodology. This review summarizes current experimental evidence of lymphocytes' activation, functional role, and crosstalk with innate leukocytes in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, wound healing, and remodeling after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Hofmann
- From the Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Würzburg, Germany (U.H.); and Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Halle/Saale, Germany (S.F.).
| | - Stefan Frantz
- From the Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Würzburg, Germany (U.H.); and Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Halle/Saale, Germany (S.F.).
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364
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Shantsila E, Tapp LD, Lip GYH. Free Light Chains in patients with acute coronary syndromes: Relationships to inflammation and renal function. Int J Cardiol 2015; 185:322-7. [PMID: 25828674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.03.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We assessed changes of serum combined free immunoglobulin light chains (cFLC) levels, which are associated with increased all-cause mortality, in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in relation to inflammation and renal function indices. METHODS cFLC were measured in 48 patients with STEMI on days 1, 3, 7 and 30 with assessment of their relationships with monocyte subsets, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and cystatin C. Day 1 levels in STEMI patients were compared to 40 patients with stable coronary artery disease, and 37 healthy controls. RESULTS There were no significant differences in cFLC levels between the study groups. In STEMI patients, cFLC values peaked on day 7 post-MI and remained elevated on day 30 (p<0.001 vs. day 1 for both). hsCRP concentrations peaked on day 3 of STEMI followed by their gradual reduction to the levels seen in the controls (p<0.001). In STEMI cFLC correlated with cystatin C (r=0.55, p<0.001), and negatively correlated with counts of CD14++CD16- monocytes (r=-0.55, p<0.001). On multivariate Cox regression analysis, cFLC concentrations were associated with increased need for future percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (p=0.019). CONCLUSION cFLC levels increase during STEMI with peak values on day 7 after presentation and predict the need for future PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Shantsila
- University of Birmingham, Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Luke D Tapp
- University of Birmingham, Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- University of Birmingham, Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
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365
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Scheiermann C, Frenette PS, Hidalgo A. Regulation of leucocyte homeostasis in the circulation. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 107:340-51. [PMID: 25750191 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The functions of blood cells extend well beyond the immune functions of leucocytes or the respiratory and hemostatic functions of erythrocytes and platelets. Seen as a whole, the bloodstream is in charge of nurturing and protecting all organs by carrying a mixture of cell populations in transit from one organ to another. To optimize these functions, evolution has provided blood and the vascular system that carries it with various mechanisms that ensure the appropriate influx and egress of cells into and from the circulation where and when needed. How this homeostatic control of blood is achieved has been the object of study for over a century, and although the major mechanisms that govern it are now fairly well understood, several new concepts and mediators have recently emerged that emphasize the dynamism of this liquid tissue. Here we review old and new concepts that relate to the maintenance and regulation of leucocyte homeostasis in blood and briefly discuss the mechanisms for platelets and red blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Scheiermann
- Walter-Brendel-Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Paul S Frenette
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Department of Atherothrombosis, Imaging and Epidemiology, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain Institut für Prophylaxe und Epidemiologie der Kreislaufkrankheiten (IPEK), Munich 80336, Germany
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366
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Liu Z, Ye P, Wang S, Wu J, Sun Y, Zhang A, Ren L, Cheng C, Huang X, Wang K, Deng P, Wu C, Yue Z, Xia J. MicroRNA-150 Protects the Heart From Injury by Inhibiting Monocyte Accumulation in a Mouse Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 8:11-20. [PMID: 25466411 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.114.000598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background—
MicroRNAs (miRs) and inflammatory monocytes participate in many cardiac pathophysiological processes including acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Recently, we observed that miR-150 is downregulated in injured mouse plasma after AMI as well as in human infarcted monocytes. However, the precise functional role of miR-150 in response to AMI remains unknown.
Methods and Results—
In a mouse model of AMI and in human subjects with AMI, we found that miR-150 expression was reduced in monocytes. In vitro studies showed that ectopic expression of miR-150 markedly reduced monocyte migration and proinflammatory cytokine production, whereas blockade of miR-150 had opposing effects. In vivo studies showed that overexpression of miR-150 in mice resulted in improved cardiac function, reduced myocardial infarction size, inhibition of apoptosis, and reduced inflammatory Ly-6C
high
monocyte invasion levels after AMI. Wild-type mice transplanted with miR-150 null (−/−) bone marrow cells could reverse this protective effect. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that miR-150 inhibited the expression of chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), thereby promoting monocyte migration.
Conclusions—
Our findings indicate that miR-150 acts as a critical regulator of monocyte cell migration and production of proinflammatory cytokines, leading to cardioprotective effects against AMI-induced injury. Thus, miR-150 may be a suitable target for therapeutic intervention in the setting of ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- From the Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Z.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (Z.L., J.W., Y.S., A.Z., L.R., C.C., X.H., K.W., P.D., C.W., Z.Y., J.X.) and Department of Thoracic Surgery (S.W.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.Y.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (J.X.), Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Ye
- From the Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Z.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (Z.L., J.W., Y.S., A.Z., L.R., C.C., X.H., K.W., P.D., C.W., Z.Y., J.X.) and Department of Thoracic Surgery (S.W.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.Y.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (J.X.), Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Sihua Wang
- From the Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Z.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (Z.L., J.W., Y.S., A.Z., L.R., C.C., X.H., K.W., P.D., C.W., Z.Y., J.X.) and Department of Thoracic Surgery (S.W.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.Y.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (J.X.), Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Wu
- From the Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Z.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (Z.L., J.W., Y.S., A.Z., L.R., C.C., X.H., K.W., P.D., C.W., Z.Y., J.X.) and Department of Thoracic Surgery (S.W.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.Y.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (J.X.), Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- From the Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Z.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (Z.L., J.W., Y.S., A.Z., L.R., C.C., X.H., K.W., P.D., C.W., Z.Y., J.X.) and Department of Thoracic Surgery (S.W.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.Y.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (J.X.), Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Anchen Zhang
- From the Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Z.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (Z.L., J.W., Y.S., A.Z., L.R., C.C., X.H., K.W., P.D., C.W., Z.Y., J.X.) and Department of Thoracic Surgery (S.W.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.Y.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (J.X.), Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Linyun Ren
- From the Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Z.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (Z.L., J.W., Y.S., A.Z., L.R., C.C., X.H., K.W., P.D., C.W., Z.Y., J.X.) and Department of Thoracic Surgery (S.W.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.Y.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (J.X.), Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Cheng
- From the Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Z.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (Z.L., J.W., Y.S., A.Z., L.R., C.C., X.H., K.W., P.D., C.W., Z.Y., J.X.) and Department of Thoracic Surgery (S.W.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.Y.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (J.X.), Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofan Huang
- From the Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Z.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (Z.L., J.W., Y.S., A.Z., L.R., C.C., X.H., K.W., P.D., C.W., Z.Y., J.X.) and Department of Thoracic Surgery (S.W.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.Y.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (J.X.), Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Wang
- From the Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Z.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (Z.L., J.W., Y.S., A.Z., L.R., C.C., X.H., K.W., P.D., C.W., Z.Y., J.X.) and Department of Thoracic Surgery (S.W.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.Y.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (J.X.), Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Deng
- From the Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Z.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (Z.L., J.W., Y.S., A.Z., L.R., C.C., X.H., K.W., P.D., C.W., Z.Y., J.X.) and Department of Thoracic Surgery (S.W.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.Y.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (J.X.), Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuangyan Wu
- From the Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Z.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (Z.L., J.W., Y.S., A.Z., L.R., C.C., X.H., K.W., P.D., C.W., Z.Y., J.X.) and Department of Thoracic Surgery (S.W.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.Y.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (J.X.), Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhang Yue
- From the Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Z.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (Z.L., J.W., Y.S., A.Z., L.R., C.C., X.H., K.W., P.D., C.W., Z.Y., J.X.) and Department of Thoracic Surgery (S.W.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.Y.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (J.X.), Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahong Xia
- From the Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Z.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (Z.L., J.W., Y.S., A.Z., L.R., C.C., X.H., K.W., P.D., C.W., Z.Y., J.X.) and Department of Thoracic Surgery (S.W.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.Y.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (J.X.), Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
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Abstract
Monocytes and their descendant macrophages are essential to the development and exacerbation of atherosclerosis, a lipid-driven inflammatory disease. Lipid-laden macrophages, known as foam cells, reside in early lesions and advanced atheromata. Our understanding of how monocytes accumulate in the growing lesion, differentiate, ingest lipids, and contribute to disease has advanced substantially over the last several years. These cells' remarkable phenotypic and functional complexity is a therapeutic opportunity: in the future, treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease and its complications may involve specific targeting of atherogenic monocytes/macrophages and their products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Hilgendorf
- From the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (I.H.); Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (F.K.S.); and Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Immunology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (C.S.R.).
| | - Filip K Swirski
- From the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (I.H.); Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (F.K.S.); and Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Immunology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (C.S.R.)
| | - Clinton S Robbins
- From the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (I.H.); Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (F.K.S.); and Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Immunology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (C.S.R.).
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368
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Mellak S, Ait-Oufella H, Esposito B, Loyer X, Poirier M, Tedder TF, Tedgui A, Mallat Z, Potteaux S. Angiotensin II mobilizes spleen monocytes to promote the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm in Apoe-/- mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 35:378-88. [PMID: 25524776 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is widespread among elderly people and results in progressive expansion and rupture of the aorta with high mortality. Macrophages, which are the main population observed within the site of aneurysm, are thought to derive from circulating monocytes although no direct evidence has been provided to date. In this study, we were particularly interested in understanding the trafficking behavior of monocyte subsets in AAA and their role in disease pathogenesis. APPROACH AND RESULTS Using bone marrow transplantation in Apoe(-/-) mice, we showed that circulating monocytes give rise to abdominal aortic macrophages in hypercholesterolemic mice submitted to angiotensin II (AngII). Detailed monitoring of monocyte compartmentalization revealed that lymphocyte antigen 6C(high) and lymphocyte antigen 6C(low) monocytes transiently increase in blood early after AngII infusion and differentially infiltrate the abdominal aorta. The splenic reservoir accounted for the mobilization of the 2 monocyte subsets after 3 days of AngII infusion. Spleen removal or lymphocyte deficiency in Apoe(-/-) Rag2(-/-) mice similarly impaired early monocyte increase in blood in response to AngII and protected against AAA development, independently of blood pressure. Reconstitution of Apoe(-/-) Rag2(-/-) mice with total splenocytes but not with B-cell-depleted splenocytes restored monocyte mobilization in response to AngII and enhanced susceptibility to AAA. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the data show that lymphocyte antigen 6C(high) and lymphocyte antigen 6C(low) monocytes are mobilized from the spleen in response to AngII. Intriguingly, the process is dependent on the presence of B cells and significantly contributes to the development of AAA and the occurrence of aortic rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Mellak
- From the INSERM Unit UMR-S 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (S.M., H.A.-O., B.E., X.L., M.P., A.T., Z.M., S.P.); Réanimation Médicale, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Université Pierre-et-Marie Curie, Université Pierre-et-Marie Curie, Paris, France (H.A.-O.); Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (T.F.T.); and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Z.M.)
| | - Hafid Ait-Oufella
- From the INSERM Unit UMR-S 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (S.M., H.A.-O., B.E., X.L., M.P., A.T., Z.M., S.P.); Réanimation Médicale, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Université Pierre-et-Marie Curie, Université Pierre-et-Marie Curie, Paris, France (H.A.-O.); Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (T.F.T.); and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Z.M.)
| | - Bruno Esposito
- From the INSERM Unit UMR-S 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (S.M., H.A.-O., B.E., X.L., M.P., A.T., Z.M., S.P.); Réanimation Médicale, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Université Pierre-et-Marie Curie, Université Pierre-et-Marie Curie, Paris, France (H.A.-O.); Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (T.F.T.); and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Z.M.)
| | - Xavier Loyer
- From the INSERM Unit UMR-S 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (S.M., H.A.-O., B.E., X.L., M.P., A.T., Z.M., S.P.); Réanimation Médicale, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Université Pierre-et-Marie Curie, Université Pierre-et-Marie Curie, Paris, France (H.A.-O.); Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (T.F.T.); and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Z.M.)
| | - Maxime Poirier
- From the INSERM Unit UMR-S 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (S.M., H.A.-O., B.E., X.L., M.P., A.T., Z.M., S.P.); Réanimation Médicale, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Université Pierre-et-Marie Curie, Université Pierre-et-Marie Curie, Paris, France (H.A.-O.); Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (T.F.T.); and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Z.M.)
| | - Thomas F Tedder
- From the INSERM Unit UMR-S 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (S.M., H.A.-O., B.E., X.L., M.P., A.T., Z.M., S.P.); Réanimation Médicale, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Université Pierre-et-Marie Curie, Université Pierre-et-Marie Curie, Paris, France (H.A.-O.); Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (T.F.T.); and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Z.M.)
| | - Alain Tedgui
- From the INSERM Unit UMR-S 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (S.M., H.A.-O., B.E., X.L., M.P., A.T., Z.M., S.P.); Réanimation Médicale, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Université Pierre-et-Marie Curie, Université Pierre-et-Marie Curie, Paris, France (H.A.-O.); Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (T.F.T.); and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Z.M.)
| | - Ziad Mallat
- From the INSERM Unit UMR-S 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (S.M., H.A.-O., B.E., X.L., M.P., A.T., Z.M., S.P.); Réanimation Médicale, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Université Pierre-et-Marie Curie, Université Pierre-et-Marie Curie, Paris, France (H.A.-O.); Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (T.F.T.); and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Z.M.)
| | - Stéphane Potteaux
- From the INSERM Unit UMR-S 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (S.M., H.A.-O., B.E., X.L., M.P., A.T., Z.M., S.P.); Réanimation Médicale, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Université Pierre-et-Marie Curie, Université Pierre-et-Marie Curie, Paris, France (H.A.-O.); Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (T.F.T.); and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Z.M.).
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369
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Reyes JL, Wang A, Fernando MR, Graepel R, Leung G, van Rooijen N, Sigvardsson M, McKay DM. Splenic B cells from Hymenolepis diminuta-infected mice ameliorate colitis independent of T cells and via cooperation with macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 194:364-78. [PMID: 25452561 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Helminth parasites provoke multicellular immune responses in their hosts that can suppress concomitant disease. The gut lumen-dwelling tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta, unlike other parasites assessed as helminth therapy, causes no host tissue damage while potently suppressing murine colitis. With the goal of harnessing the immunomodulatory capacity of infection with H. diminuta, we assessed the putative generation of anti-colitic regulatory B cells following H. diminuta infection. Splenic CD19(+) B cells isolated from mice infected 7 [HdBc(7(d))] and 14 d (but not 3 d) previously with H. diminuta and transferred to naive mice significantly reduced the severity of dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS)-, oxazolone-, and dextran-sodium sulfate-induced colitis. Mechanistic studies with the DNBS model, revealed the anti-colitic HdBc(7(d)) was within the follicular B cell population and its phenotype was not dependent on IL-4 or IL-10. The HdBc(7(d)) were not characterized by increased expression of CD1d, CD5, CD23, or IL-10 production, but did spontaneously, and upon LPS plus anti-CD40 stimulation, produce more TGF-β than CD19(+) B cells from controls. DNBS-induced colitis in RAG1(-/-) mice was inhibited by administration of HdBc(7(d)), indicating a lack of a requirement for T and B cells in the recipient; however, depletion of macrophages in recipient mice abrogated the anti-colitic effect of HdBc(7(d)). Thus, in response to H. diminuta, a putatively unique splenic CD19(+) B cell with a functional immunoregulatory program is generated that promotes the suppression of colitis dominated by TH1, TH2, or TH1-plus-TH2 events, and may do so via the synthesis of TGF-β and the generation of, or cooperation with, a regulatory macrophage.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Reyes
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Arthur Wang
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Maria R Fernando
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Rabea Graepel
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Gabriella Leung
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Nico van Rooijen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Mikael Sigvardsson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping 581-85, Sweden
| | - Derek M McKay
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada;
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370
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Latet SC, Hoymans VY, Van Herck PL, Vrints CJ. The cellular immune system in the post-myocardial infarction repair process. Int J Cardiol 2014; 179:240-7. [PMID: 25464457 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that overactivation and prolongation of the inflammatory response after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) result in worse left ventricular remodelling, dysfunction and progression to heart failure. This post-AMI inflammatory response is characterised by the critical involvement of cells from both the innate and adaptive immune systems. In this review paper, we aim to summarise and discuss the emergence of immune cells in the bloodstream and myocardium after AMI in men and mice. Subset composition, phenotypes, and kinetics of immune cells are considered. In addition, the relation with post-MI cardiac remodelling, function and outcome is reported. Increased knowledge of immune components, the mechanisms and interactions by which these cells contribute to myocardial damage and repair following AMI may help to close the gaps that limit improvement of treatments of those who survive the acute infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam C Latet
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Pathophysiological Research, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Vicky Y Hoymans
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Pathophysiological Research, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Paul L Van Herck
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Pathophysiological Research, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Christiaan J Vrints
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Pathophysiological Research, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium.
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371
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Tsiantoulas D, Sage AP, Mallat Z, Binder CJ. Targeting B cells in atherosclerosis: closing the gap from bench to bedside. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 35:296-302. [PMID: 25359862 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaque formation is strongly influenced by different arms of the immune system, including B lymphocytes. B cells are divided into 2 main families: the B1 and the B2 cells. B1 cells are atheroprotective mainly via the production of natural IgM antibodies that bind oxidized low-density lipoprotein and apoptotic cells. B2 cells, which include follicular and marginal zone B cells, are suggested to be proatherogenic. Antibody-mediated depletion of B cells has become a valuable treatment option for certain autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis that are also characterized by the development of premature atherosclerosis. Thus, B cells represent a novel interesting target for therapeutic modulation of the atherosclerotic disease process. Here, we discuss the effect of different of B-cell subsets in experimental atherosclerosis, their mechanism of action as well as potential ways to exploit these findings for the treatment of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tsiantoulas
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna and Center for Molecular Medicine (CeMM) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (D.T., C.J.B.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.S., Z.M.)
| | - Andrew P Sage
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna and Center for Molecular Medicine (CeMM) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (D.T., C.J.B.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.S., Z.M.)
| | - Ziad Mallat
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna and Center for Molecular Medicine (CeMM) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (D.T., C.J.B.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.S., Z.M.)
| | - Christoph J Binder
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna and Center for Molecular Medicine (CeMM) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (D.T., C.J.B.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.S., Z.M.).
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372
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Saxena A, Dobaczewski M, Rai V, Haque Z, Chen W, Li N, Frangogiannis NG. Regulatory T cells are recruited in the infarcted mouse myocardium and may modulate fibroblast phenotype and function. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H1233-42. [PMID: 25128167 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00328.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a pivotal role in suppressing immune responses regulating behavior and gene expression in effector T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Tregs infiltrate the infarcted myocardium; however, their role the inflammatory and reparative response after myocardial infarction remains poorly understood. We used FoxP3(EGFP) reporter mice to study Treg trafficking in the infarcted heart and examined the effects of Treg depletion on postinfarction remodeling using an anti-CD25 antibody. Moreover, we investigated the in vitro effects of Tregs on cardiac fibroblast phenotype and function. Low numbers of Tregs infiltrated the infarcted myocardium after 24-72 h of reperfusion. Treg depletion had no significant effects on cardiac dysfunction and scar size after reperfused myocardial infarction but accelerated ventricular dilation and accentuated apical remodeling. Enhanced myocardial dilation in Treg-depleted animals was associated with increased expression of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 and accentuated macrophage infiltration. In vitro, Tregs modulated the cardiac fibroblast phenotype, reducing expression of α-smooth muscle actin, decreasing expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3, and attenuating contraction of fibroblast-populated collagen pads. Our findings suggest that endogenous Tregs have modest effects on the inflammatory and reparative response after myocardial infarction. However, the anti-inflammatory and matrix-preserving properties of Tregs may suggest a role for Treg-based cell therapy in the attenuation of adverse postinfarction remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Saxena
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; and
| | - Marcin Dobaczewski
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; and
| | - Vikrant Rai
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; and
| | - Zaffar Haque
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; and
| | - Wei Chen
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; and
| | - Na Li
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; and
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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373
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Ohm IK, Gao E, Belland Olsen M, Alfsnes K, Bliksøen M, Øgaard J, Ranheim T, Nymo SH, Holmen YD, Aukrust P, Yndestad A, Vinge LE. Toll-like receptor 9-activation during onset of myocardial ischemia does not influence infarct extension. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104407. [PMID: 25126943 PMCID: PMC4134200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Myocardial infarction (MI) remains a major cause of death and disability worldwide, despite available reperfusion therapies. Inflammatory signaling is considered nodal in defining final infarct size. Activation of the innate immune receptor toll-like receptors (TLR) 9 prior to ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) reduces infarct size, but the consequence of TLR9 activation timed to the onset of ischemia is not known. Methods and Results The TLR9-agonist; CpG B was injected i.p. in C57BL/6 mice immediately after induction of ischemia (30 minutes). Final infarct size, as well as area-at-risk, was measured after 24 hours of reperfusion. CpG B injection resulted in a significant increase in circulating granulocytes and monocytes both in sham and I/R mice. Paradoxically, clear evidence of reduced cardiac infiltration of both monocytes and granulocytes could be demonstrated in I/R mice treated with CpG B (immunocytochemistry, myeloperoxidase activity and mRNA expression patterns). In addition, systemic TLR9 activation elicited significant alterations of cardiac inflammatory genes. Despite these biochemical and cellular changes, there was no difference in infarct size between vehicle and CpG B treated I/R mice. Conclusion Systemic TLR9-stimulation upon onset of ischemia and subsequent reperfusion does not alter final infarct size despite causing clear alterations of both systemic and cardiac inflammatory parameters. Our results question the clinical usefulness of TLR9 activation during cardiac I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Kristine Ohm
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Erhe Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Maria Belland Olsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katrine Alfsnes
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marte Bliksøen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonas Øgaard
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Ranheim
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ståle Haugset Nymo
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yangchen Dhondup Holmen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Yndestad
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leif Erik Vinge
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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374
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Abstract
Monocytes are blood-derived mononuclear phagocytic cells that traffic throughout the body and can provide rapid innate immune effector responses in response to microbial pathogen infections. Among blood monocytes, the most abundant subset in mice is represented by inflammatory Ly6C(+) CCR2(+) monocytes and is the functional equivalent of the CD14(+) monocytes in humans. Herein we focus on published evidence describing the exquisite functional plasticity of these cells, and we extend this overview to their multiples roles in vivo during host immune defenses against microbial pathogen infections, as antigen-presenting cells, inflammatory cells or Trojan horse cells.
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375
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Nahrendorf
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.
| | - Filip K Swirski
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
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376
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Abstract
The development of atherosclerosis is the major etiological factor causing cardiovascular disease and constitutes a lipid-induced, chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease of the large arteries. A long-standing view of the protective role of B cells in atherosclerosis has been challenged by recent studies using B cell depletion in animal models. Whereas complete B cell deficiency increases atherosclerosis, depletion of B2 but not B1 cells reduces atherosclerosis. This has led to a re-evaluation of the multiple potential pathways by which B cells can regulate atherosclerosis, and the apparent opposing roles of B1 and B2 cells. B cells, in addition to having the unique ability to produce antibodies, are now recognized to play a number of important roles in the immune system, including cytokine production and direct regulation of T cell responses. This review summarizes current knowledge on B cell subsets and functions, and how these could distinctly influence atherosclerosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Sage
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
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377
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Chalasani G, Rothstein D. Non-Antibody Mediated Roles of B Cells in Allograft Survival. CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40472-014-0020-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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378
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumanth D Prabhu
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; and Medical Service, Birmingham VA Medical Center, AL
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379
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Ait-Oufella H, Sage AP, Mallat Z, Tedgui A. Adaptive (T and B cells) immunity and control by dendritic cells in atherosclerosis. Circ Res 2014; 114:1640-60. [PMID: 24812352 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.114.302761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation in response to lipoprotein accumulation in the arterial wall is central in the development of atherosclerosis. Both innate and adaptive immunity are involved in this process. Adaptive immune responses develop against an array of potential antigens presented to effector T lymphocytes by antigen-presenting cells, especially dendritic cells. Functional analysis of the role of different T-cell subsets identified the Th1 responses as proatherogenic, whereas regulatory T-cell responses exert antiatherogenic activities. The effect of Th2 and Th17 responses is still debated. Atherosclerosis is also associated with B-cell activation. Recent evidence established that conventional B-2 cells promote atherosclerosis. In contrast, innate B-1 B cells offer protection through secretion of natural IgM antibodies. This review discusses the recent development in our understanding of the role of T- and B-cell subsets in atherosclerosis and addresses the role of dendritic cell subpopulations in the control of adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafid Ait-Oufella
- From INSERM UMR-S 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (H.A.-O., Z.M., A.T.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France (H.A.-O.); and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.S., Z.M.)
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380
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Zhang S, Dehn S, DeBerge M, Rhee KJ, Hudson B, Thorp EB. Phagocyte-myocyte interactions and consequences during hypoxic wound healing. Cell Immunol 2014; 291:65-73. [PMID: 24862542 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI), secondary to atherosclerotic plaque rupture and occlusive thrombi, triggers acute margination of inflammatory neutrophils and monocyte phagocyte subsets to the damaged heart, the latter of which may give rise briefly to differentiated macrophage-like or dendritic-like cells. Within the injured myocardium, a primary function of these phagocytic cells is to remove damaged extracellular matrix, necrotic and apoptotic cardiac cells, as well as immune cells that turn over. Recognition of dying cellular targets by phagocytes triggers intracellular signaling, particularly in macrophages, wherein cytokines and lipid mediators are generated to promote inflammation resolution, fibrotic scarring, angiogenesis, and compensatory organ remodeling. These actions cooperate in an effort to preserve myocardial contractility and prevent heart failure. Immune cell function is modulated by local tissue factors that include secreted protease activity, oxidative stress during clinical reperfusion, and hypoxia. Importantly, experimental evidence suggests that monocyte function and phagocytosis efficiency is compromised in the setting of MI risk factors, including hyperlipidemia and ageing, however underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Herein we review seminal phagocyte and cardiac molecular factors that lead to, and culminate in, the recognition and removal of dying injured myocardium, the effects of hypoxia, and their relationship to cardiac infarct size and heart healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shirley Dehn
- Department of Pathology and Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew DeBerge
- Department of Pathology and Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ki-Jong Rhee
- Department of Pathology and Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Barry Hudson
- Department of Pathology and Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Edward B Thorp
- Department of Pathology and Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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381
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Bao Y, Cao X. The immune potential and immunopathology of cytokine-producing B cell subsets: a comprehensive review. J Autoimmun 2014; 55:10-23. [PMID: 24794622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
B lymphocytes are generally recognized for their potential to mediate humoral immunity by producing different antibody isotypes and being involved in opsonization and complement fixation. Nevertheless, the non-classical, antibody-independent immune potential of B cell subsets has attracted much attention especially in the past decade. These B cells can release a broad variety of cytokines (such as IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IFN-α, IFN-γ, TNF-α, TGF-β, LT), and can be classified into distinct subsets depending on the particular cytokine profile, thus emerging the concept of cytokine-producing B cell subsets. Although there is still controversy surrounding the key cell surface markers, intracellular factors and cellular origins of cytokine-producing B cell subsets, accumulating evidence indicates that these B cells are endowed with great potential to regulate both innate and adaptive arms of immune system though releasing cytokines. On the one hand, they promote immune responses through mounting Th1/Th2/Th17 and neutrophil response, inducing DC maturation and formation of lymphoid structures, increasing NK cell and macrophage activation, enhancing development of themselves and sustaining antibody production. On the other hand, they can negatively regulate immune responses by suppressing Th cell responses, inhibiting Tr1 cell and Foxp3(+) Treg differentiation, impairing APC function and pro-inflammatory cytokine release by monocytes, and inducing CD8(+) T cell anergy and CD4(+) T cell apoptosis. Therefore, cytokine-producing B cell subsets have multifunctional functions in health and diseases, playing pathologic as well as protective roles in autoimmunity, infection, allergy, and even malignancy. In this review, we revisit the history of discovering cytokine-producing B cells, describe the identification of cytokine-producing B cell subsets, introduce the origins of cytokine-producing B cell subsets as well as molecular and cellular mechanisms for their differentiation, and summarize the recent progress made toward understanding the unexpectedly complex and potentially opposing roles of cytokine-producing B cells in immunological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Bao
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China; Translational Medicine Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xuetao Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
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382
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Zhang T, Zhao LL, Zhang ZR, Fu PD, Su ZD, Qi LC, Li XQ, Dong YM. Interaction network analysis revealed biomarkers in myocardial infarction. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:4997-5003. [PMID: 24748432 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3366-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a serious heart disease. The cardiac cells of patients with MI will die due to lack of blood for a long time. In this study, we aimed to find new targets for MI diagnosis and therapy. We downloaded GSE22229 including 12 blood samples from healthy persons and GSE29111 from Gene Expression Omnibus including 36 blood samples from MI patients. Then we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in patients with MI compared to normal controls with p value < 0.05 and |logFC| > 1. Furthermore, interaction network and sub-network of these of these DEGs were constructed by NetBox. Linker genes were screened in the Global Network database. The degree of linker genes were calculated by igraph package in R language. Gene ontology and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway analysis were performed for DEGs and network modules. A total of 246 DEGs were identified in MI, which were enriched in the immune response. In the interaction network, LCK, CD247, CD3D, FYN, HLA-DRA, IL2, CD8A CD3E, CD4, CD3G had high degree, among which CD3E, CD4, CD3G were DEGs while others were linker genes screened from Global Network database. Genes in the sub-network were also enriched in the immune response pathway. The genes with high degree may be biomarkers for MI diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street of Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
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383
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Alibhai FJ, Tsimakouridze EV, Chinnappareddy N, Wright DC, Billia F, O'Sullivan ML, Pyle WG, Sole MJ, Martino TA. Short-term disruption of diurnal rhythms after murine myocardial infarction adversely affects long-term myocardial structure and function. Circ Res 2014; 114:1713-22. [PMID: 24687134 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.114.302995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Patients in intensive care units are disconnected from their natural environment. Synchrony between environmental diurnal rhythms and intracellular circadian rhythms is essential for normal organ biology; disruption causes pathology. Whether disturbing rhythms after myocardial infarction (MI) exacerbates long-term myocardial dysfunction is not known. OBJECTIVE Short-term diurnal rhythm disruption immediately after MI impairs remodeling and adversely affects long-term cardiac structure and function in a murine model. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice were infarcted by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation (MI model) within a 3-hour time window, randomized to either a normal diurnal or disrupted environment for 5 days, and then maintained under normal diurnal conditions. Initial infarct size was identical. Short-term diurnal disruption adversely affected body metabolism and altered early innate immune responses. In the first 5 days, crucial for scar formation, there were significant differences in cardiac myeloperoxidase, cytokines, neutrophil, and macrophage infiltration. Homozygous clock mutant mice exhibited altered infiltration after MI, consistent with circadian mechanisms underlying innate immune responses crucial for scar formation. In the proliferative phase, 1 week after MI, this led to significantly less blood vessel formation in the infarct region of disrupted mice; by day 14, echocardiography showed increased left ventricular dilation and infarct expansion. These differences continued to evolve with worse cardiac structure and function by 8 weeks after MI. CONCLUSIONS Diurnal rhythm disruption immediately after MI impaired healing and exacerbated maladaptive cardiac remodeling. These preclinical findings suggest that disrupted diurnal rhythms such as found in modern intensive care unit environments may adversely affect long-term patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal J Alibhai
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences (F.J.A., E.V.T., N.C., W.G.P., T.A.M.), Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences (D.C.W.), and Department of Clinical Studies (M.L.O.), University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.B., M.J.S.)
| | - Elena V Tsimakouridze
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences (F.J.A., E.V.T., N.C., W.G.P., T.A.M.), Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences (D.C.W.), and Department of Clinical Studies (M.L.O.), University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.B., M.J.S.)
| | - Nirmala Chinnappareddy
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences (F.J.A., E.V.T., N.C., W.G.P., T.A.M.), Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences (D.C.W.), and Department of Clinical Studies (M.L.O.), University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.B., M.J.S.)
| | - David C Wright
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences (F.J.A., E.V.T., N.C., W.G.P., T.A.M.), Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences (D.C.W.), and Department of Clinical Studies (M.L.O.), University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.B., M.J.S.)
| | - Filio Billia
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences (F.J.A., E.V.T., N.C., W.G.P., T.A.M.), Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences (D.C.W.), and Department of Clinical Studies (M.L.O.), University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.B., M.J.S.)
| | - M Lynne O'Sullivan
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences (F.J.A., E.V.T., N.C., W.G.P., T.A.M.), Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences (D.C.W.), and Department of Clinical Studies (M.L.O.), University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.B., M.J.S.)
| | - W Glen Pyle
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences (F.J.A., E.V.T., N.C., W.G.P., T.A.M.), Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences (D.C.W.), and Department of Clinical Studies (M.L.O.), University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.B., M.J.S.)
| | - Michael J Sole
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences (F.J.A., E.V.T., N.C., W.G.P., T.A.M.), Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences (D.C.W.), and Department of Clinical Studies (M.L.O.), University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.B., M.J.S.)
| | - Tami A Martino
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences (F.J.A., E.V.T., N.C., W.G.P., T.A.M.), Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences (D.C.W.), and Department of Clinical Studies (M.L.O.), University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.B., M.J.S.).
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384
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Abstract
Myocardial infarction triggers an intense inflammatory response that is essential for cardiac repair, but which is also implicated in the pathogenesis of postinfarction remodelling and heart failure. Signals in the infarcted myocardium activate toll-like receptor signalling, while complement activation and generation of reactive oxygen species induce cytokine and chemokine upregulation. Leukocytes recruited to the infarcted area, remove dead cells and matrix debris by phagocytosis, while preparing the area for scar formation. Timely repression of the inflammatory response is critical for effective healing, and is followed by activation of myofibroblasts that secrete matrix proteins in the infarcted area. Members of the transforming growth factor β family are critically involved in suppression of inflammation and activation of a profibrotic programme. Translation of these concepts to the clinic requires an understanding of the pathophysiological complexity and heterogeneity of postinfarction remodelling in patients with myocardial infarction. Individuals with an overactive and prolonged postinfarction inflammatory response might exhibit left ventricular dilatation and systolic dysfunction and might benefit from targeted anti-IL-1 or anti-chemokine therapies, whereas patients with an exaggerated fibrogenic reaction can develop heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and might require inhibition of the Smad3 (mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3) cascade. Biomarker-based approaches are needed to identify patients with distinct pathophysiologic responses and to rationally implement inflammation-modulating strategies.
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385
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Hilgendorf I, Gerhardt LMS, Tan TC, Winter C, Holderried TAW, Chousterman BG, Iwamoto Y, Liao R, Zirlik A, Scherer-Crosbie M, Hedrick CC, Libby P, Nahrendorf M, Weissleder R, Swirski FK. Ly-6Chigh monocytes depend on Nr4a1 to balance both inflammatory and reparative phases in the infarcted myocardium. Circ Res 2014; 114:1611-22. [PMID: 24625784 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.114.303204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Healing after myocardial infarction involves the biphasic accumulation of inflammatory lymphocyte antigen 6C (Ly-6C)(high) and reparative Ly-6C(low) monocytes/macrophages (Mo/MΦ). According to 1 model, Mo/MΦ heterogeneity in the heart originates in the blood and involves the sequential recruitment of distinct monocyte subsets that differentiate to distinct macrophages. Alternatively, heterogeneity may arise in tissue from 1 circulating subset via local macrophage differentiation and polarization. The orphan nuclear hormone receptor, nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group a, member 1 (Nr4a1), is essential to Ly-6C(low) monocyte production but dispensable to Ly-6C(low) macrophage differentiation; dependence on Nr4a1 can thus discriminate between systemic and local origins of macrophage heterogeneity. OBJECTIVE This study tested the role of Nr4a1 in myocardial infarction in the context of the 2 Mo/MΦ accumulation scenarios. METHODS AND RESULTS We show that Ly-6C(high) monocytes infiltrate the infarcted myocardium and, unlike Ly-6C(low) monocytes, differentiate to cardiac macrophages. In the early, inflammatory phase of acute myocardial ischemic injury, Ly-6C(high) monocytes accrue in response to a brief C-C chemokine ligand 2 burst. In the second, reparative phase, accumulated Ly-6C(high) monocytes give rise to reparative Ly-6C(low) F4/80(high) macrophages that proliferate locally. In the absence of Nr4a1, Ly-6C(high) monocytes express heightened levels of C-C chemokine receptor 2 on their surface, avidly infiltrate the myocardium, and differentiate to abnormally inflammatory macrophages, which results in defective healing and compromised heart function. CONCLUSIONS Ly-6C(high) monocytes orchestrate both inflammatory and reparative phases during myocardial infarction and depend on Nr4a1 to limit their influx and inflammatory cytokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Hilgendorf
- From the Center for Systems Biology (I.H., L.M.S.G., C.W., B.G.C., Y.I., M.N., R.W., F.K.S.) and Department of Cardiology (T.C.T., M.S.-C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany (T.A.W.H.); Department of Medicine (R.L.) and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (P.L.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (A.Z.); Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, CA (C.C.H.); and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.W.)
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386
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Novoyatleva T, Sajjad A, Engel FB. TWEAK-Fn14 Cytokine-Receptor Axis: A New Player of Myocardial Remodeling and Cardiac Failure. Front Immunol 2014; 5:50. [PMID: 24611063 PMCID: PMC3920183 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has been firmly established as a pathogenic factor in heart failure, a significant socio-economic burden. In this review, we will explore the role of other members of the TNF/TNF receptor superfamily (TNFSF/TNFRSF) in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) focusing on TWEAK and its receptor Fn14, new players in myocardial remodeling and heart failure. The TWEAK/Fn14 pathway controls a variety of cellular activities such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis and has diverse biological functions in pathological mechanisms like inflammation and fibrosis that are associated with CVDs. Furthermore, it has recently been shown that the TWEAK/Fn14 axis is a positive regulator of cardiac hypertrophy and that deletion of Fn14 receptor protects from right heart fibrosis and dysfunction. We discuss the potential use of the TWEAK/Fn14 axis as biomarker for CVDs as well as therapeutic target for future treatment of human heart failure based on supporting data from animal models and in vitro studies. Collectively, existing data strongly suggest the TWEAK/Fn14 axis as a potential new therapeutic target for achieving cardiac protection in patients with CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Novoyatleva
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodelling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany
| | - Amna Sajjad
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodelling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany ; Government College University Faisalabad , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Felix B Engel
- Department of Nephropathology, Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pathology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen , Germany
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387
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Frantz S, Nahrendorf M. Cardiac macrophages and their role in ischaemic heart disease. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 102:240-8. [PMID: 24501331 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac macrophages are abundant in the healthy heart and after myocardial infarction (MI). Different macrophage phenotypes likely promote myocardial health vs. disease. Infarct macrophages are inflammatory and derive from circulating monocytes produced by the haematopoietic system. These cells are centrally involved in inflammatory tissue remodelling, resolution of inflammation during post-MI healing, and left ventricular remodelling. Presumably, macrophages interact with myocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. Although macrophages are primarily recruited to the ischaemic myocardium, the remote non-ischaemic myocardium macrophage population changes dynamically after MI. Macrophages' known roles in defending the steady state and their pathological actions in other disease contexts provide a road map for exploring cardiac macrophages and their phenotypes, functions, and therapeutic potential. In our review, we summarize recent insights into the role of cardiac macrophages, focus on their actions after ischaemia, and highlight emerging research topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Frantz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacherstraße 6, 97080 Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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388
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Hilgendorf I, Theurl I, Gerhardt LMS, Robbins CS, Weber GF, Gonen A, Iwamoto Y, Degousee N, Holderried TAW, Winter C, Zirlik A, Lin HY, Sukhova GK, Butany J, Rubin BB, Witztum JL, Libby P, Nahrendorf M, Weissleder R, Swirski FK. Innate response activator B cells aggravate atherosclerosis by stimulating T helper-1 adaptive immunity. Circulation 2014; 129:1677-87. [PMID: 24488984 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.006381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerotic lesions grow via the accumulation of leukocytes and oxidized lipoproteins in the vessel wall. Leukocytes can attenuate or augment atherosclerosis through the release of cytokines, chemokines, and other mediators. Deciphering how leukocytes develop, oppose, and complement each other's function and shape the course of disease can illuminate our understanding of atherosclerosis. Innate response activator (IRA) B cells are a recently described population of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor-secreting cells of hitherto unknown function in atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we show that IRA B cells arise during atherosclerosis in mice and humans. In response to a high-cholesterol diet, IRA B cell numbers increase preferentially in secondary lymphoid organs via Myd88-dependent signaling. Mixed chimeric mice lacking B cell-derived granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor develop smaller lesions with fewer macrophages and effector T cells. Mechanistically, IRA B cells promote the expansion of classic dendritic cells, which then generate interferon γ-producing T helper-1 cells. This IRA B cell-dependent T helper-1 skewing manifests in an IgG1-to-IgG2c isotype switch in the immunoglobulin response against oxidized lipoproteins. CONCLUSIONS Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor-producing IRA B cells alter adaptive immune processes and shift the leukocyte response toward a T helper-1-associated milieu that aggravates atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Hilgendorf
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (I.H., I.T., L.M.S.G., C.S.R., G.F.W., Y.I., C.W., H.Y.L., M.N., R.W., F.K.S.); Department of Internal Medicine VI, Infectious Diseases, Immunology Rheumatology, Pneumology, University Hospital of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (I.T.); Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (C.S.R., N.D.); Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (A.G., J.L.W.); Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany (T.A.W.H.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.W., A.Z.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (G.K.S., P.L.); Department of Pathology (J.B.) and Division of Vascular Surgery (B.B.R.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.W.)
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389
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From proliferation to proliferation: monocyte lineage comes full circle. Semin Immunopathol 2014; 36:137-48. [PMID: 24435095 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-013-0409-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes are mononuclear circulating phagocytes that originate in the bone marrow and give rise to macrophages in peripheral tissue. For decades, our understanding of monocyte lineage was bound to a stepwise model that favored an inverse relationship between cellular proliferation and differentiation. Sophisticated molecular and surgical cell tracking tools have transformed our thinking about monocyte topo-ontogeny and function. Here, we discuss how recent studies focusing on progenitor proliferation and differentiation, monocyte mobilization and recruitment, and macrophage differentiation and proliferation are reshaping knowledge of monocyte lineage in steady state and disease.
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390
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Abstract
After myocardial infarction (MI), circulating B cells produce the chemokine Ccl7, which mobilizes inflammatory monocytes from the bone marrow into the blood, after which they are then recruited to the injured heart, a new study shows. B cell depletion after MI limits myocardial injury and improves heart function, suggesting a new approach for the management of acute MI (pages 1273–1280).
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391
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Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for cardiac inflammation: immunomodulatory properties and the influence of toll-like receptors. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:181020. [PMID: 24391353 PMCID: PMC3872440 DOI: 10.1155/2013/181020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After myocardial infarction (MI), the inflammatory response is indispensable for initiating reparatory processes. However, the intensity and duration of the inflammation cause additional damage to the already injured myocardium. Treatment with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) upon MI positively affects cardiac function. This happens likely via a paracrine mechanism. As MSC are potent modulators of the immune system, this could influence this postinfarct immune response. Since MSC express toll-like receptors (TLR), danger signal (DAMP) produced after MI could influence their immunomodulatory properties. SCOPE OF REVIEW Not much is known about the direct immunomodulatory efficiency of MSC when injected in a strong inflammatory environment. This review focuses first on the interactions between MSC and the immune system. Subsequently, an overview is provided of the effects of DAMP-associated TLR activation on MSC and their immunomodulative properties after myocardial infarction. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS MSC can strongly influence most cell types of the immune system. TLR signaling can increase and decrease this immunomodulatory potential, depending on the available ligands. Although reports are inconsistent, TLR3 activation may boost immunomodulation by MSC, while TLR4 activation suppresses it. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Elucidating the effects of TLR activation on MSC could identify new preconditioning strategies which might improve their immunomodulative properties.
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