1
|
Shen M, Li Z, Li H, Yan X, Feng B, Xu L. Association of periodontitis and tooth loss with extent of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1243992. [PMID: 38075042 PMCID: PMC10702216 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1243992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The objective was to investigate the association of periodontitis and tooth loss with extent of diabetic coronary atherosclerosis. Materials and methods 272 patients who were hospitalized at Shanghai East hospital and underwent a coronary artery calcium (CAC) CT scan were enrolled in this study. Individuals were grouped based on their CAC scores into a normal-to-mild coronary atherosclerosis (AS) group (0 ≤ score ≤ 100, n=184) and a moderate-to-severe group (score≥101, n=88). Periodontitis parameters and number of missing teeth were evaluated for every patient. The severity of periodontitis was categorized as mild, moderate, or severe. The taxonomic composition of the microbiota was determined using full-length 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Salivary inflammatory factors were tested by ELISA. Results Clinical attachment loss (CAL) (P =0.05) and the number of teeth lost (P = 0.016) were significantly higher in the moderate-to-severe coronary AS group, with these differences being more obvious in younger patients and patients with short-duration diabetes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that CAL (OR = 1.231, 95% CI = 1.066-1.214, P = 0.047) and having 10-19 missing teeth (OR = 1.604, 95% CI = 1.393-6.555, P = 0.05) were strongly associated with the presence of moderate-to-severe coronary AS. Salivary IL-6 and TNF-α levels, as well as levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Neisseria mucosa, were significantly elevated in the moderate-to-severe coronary AS group. Conclusion It was found that both tooth loss and CAL were related to the extent of diabetic coronary AS. Saliva inflammatory factors and oral bacteremia may be new biomarkers for moderate-to-severe coronary AS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minhua Shen
- Department of Stomatology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Stomatology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huizhi Li
- Department of Endocrinology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinfeng Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim SJ, Park HS, Kang PM, Kim BJ, Kim HS, Heo JH, Kim TS, Im SI. Effects of the beta-blocker carvedilol on arrhythmia and long-term clinical outcomes in benign prostate hypertrophy patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35008. [PMID: 37682158 PMCID: PMC10489449 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) is associated with autonomic dysfunction and sympathetic nervous system mediated by the alpha receptor. However, limited data exist regarding the effects of the beta-blocker (BB) carvedilol on arrhythmia and urologic outcomes in BPH patients. Our database of patients diagnosed with BPH from 2015 to 2020 was used to obtain echocardiography and electrocardiogram data. Inclusion criteria were BPH patients taking BBs. International Prostate Symptom Score questionnaire were used to evaluate the urinary symptoms and quality of life. Among 448 patients with BPH (69.2 ± 10.9 years) taking BBs, 219 patients took carvedilol (48.9%) and 229 patients took a non-carvedilol BB (51.1%; bisoprolol, 184 patients, 80% or nebivolol, 45 patients, 20%). Difference in the baseline characteristics was not observed. During the median 36-month follow-up, a lower incidence of arrhythmic events (P = .029), total urologic events (P < .001), and less use of additive alpha-blocker was observed in the carvedilol group (P = .022). In multivariate analysis, less carvedilol use (P = .019), heart failure (P < .001), stroke (P < .001), and cardiomyopathy (P = .046) were independent risk factors for arrhythmic events. In addition, less carvedilol use (P = .009) and older age (P = .005) were independent risk factors for urologic events based on BB type at the median 36-month follow-up. The use of carvedilol was associated with less arrhythmic events in BPH patients with palpitation and decreased the incidence of urologic events in BPH compared with the use of non-carvedilol BBs in long-term follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jin Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Su Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Bong Joon Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Su Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ho Heo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Sang Kim
- Department of Urology, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Il Im
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shen MT, Shahin B, Chen Z, Adami GR. Unexpected lower level of oral periodontal pathogens in patients with high numbers of systemic diseases. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15502. [PMID: 37465146 PMCID: PMC10351517 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontal disease is associated with systemic conditions such as diabetes, arthritis, and cardiovascular disease, all diseases with large inflammatory components. Some, but not all, reports show periopathogens Porphyromonas gingivialis and Tannerella forsythia at higher levels orally in people with one of these chronic diseases and in people with more severe cases. These oral pathogens are thought to be positively associated with systemic inflammatory diseases through induction of oral inflammation that works to distort systemic inflammation or by directly inducing inflammation at distal sites in the body. This study aimed to determine if, among patients with severe periodontal disease, those with multi-morbidity (or many chronic diseases) showed higher levels of periodontal pathogens. Methods A total of 201 adult subjects, including 84 with severe periodontal disease were recruited between 1/2017 and 6/2019 at a city dental clinic. Electronic charts supplied self-reported diseases and conditions which informed a morbidity index based on the number of chronic diseases and conditions present. Salivary composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results As expected, patients with severe periodontal disease showed higher levels of periodontal pathogens in their saliva. Also, those with severe periodontal disease showed higher levels of multiple chronic diseases (multimorbidity). An examination of the 84 patients with severe periodontal disease revealed some subjects despite being of advanced age were free or nearly free of systemic disease. Surprisingly, the salivary microbiota of the least healthy of these 84 subjects, defined here as those with maximal multimorbidity, showed significantly lower relative numbers of periodontal pathogens, including Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella Forsythia, after controlling for active caries, tobacco usage, age, and gender. Analysis of a control group with none to moderate periodontal disease revealed no association of multimorbidity or numbers of medications used and specific oral bacteria, indicating the importance of severe periodontal disease as a variable of interest. Conclusion The hypothesis that periodontal disease patients with higher levels of multimorbidity would have higher levels of oral periodontal pathogens is false. Multimorbidity is associated with a reduced relative number of periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Shen
- Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Betti Shahin
- Restorative Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Zhengjia Chen
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Biostatistics Shared Resource Core, University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Guy R Adami
- Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tabassum A, Madi M, Alabdulaziz A, Al Nasrallah Y, Alabdulaziz M, Ahmad Siddique I, Kazmi F. Prevalence of periodontitis based on retrospective radiographic evaluation at dental hospital in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia: A retrospective study. Saudi Dent J 2022; 34:788-794. [PMID: 36570580 PMCID: PMC9767840 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The contemporary information on the prevalence of periodontitis and associated risk factors is deficient in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Our aim was to measure the prevalence of periodontitis and associated risk factors among the Saudi population in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia who visited the University Dental Hospital. Methods In this retrospective study, the demographic data and medical and dental records of 700 subjects were examined. Bitewing radiographs were analyzed to measure the alveolar bone loss in posterior teeth by measuring the distance between the cementoenamel junction and the crest of the alveolar bone. A chi-square test was performed to compare the severity of periodontitis. A comparison of multivariate mean bone loss was performed using a t-test. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the predictors of periodontitis. A P-value equal to or under 0.05 reflected statistical significance. Results Among 700 cases, the patients' mean age was 35.6 ± 12.1; 52.6 % were male and 47.4 % were female. Overall periodontitis prevalence was 52.1 %. The distribution of mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis prevalence was 36.1 %, 14.1 %, and 1.8 %, respectively. The severity of periodontitis was statistically similar between males and females (p = 0.148); however, significantly more Saudi than non-Saudi patients had moderate periodontitis. Higher proportions of severe periodontitis were seen in the age group of over 50-years-old (p < 0.001) and in patients with poor oral hygiene (p < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (p < 0.005), and hypertension (p < 0.002). Six total predictors of periodontitis were depicted, i.e., age > 50 years (OR = 3.73), poor OH status (OR = 2.24), BOP (OR = 3.35), presence of plaque (OR = 2.61), diabetes mellitus (OR = 3.19), and hypertension (OR = 3.62). Conclusion The primary factors associated with the prevalence of periodontitis were age, nationality, diabetes, hypertension, BOP, plaque, and OH status. However, no association was observed between gender or cardiovascular disease and the prevalence of periodontitis in the studied population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afsheen Tabassum
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia,Corresponding author.
| | - Marwa Madi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alabdulaziz
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousif Al Nasrallah
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alabdulaziz
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Intisar Ahmad Siddique
- Lecturer, Lecturer-Research & Biostatistics, Department of Dental Education, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhat Kazmi
- Department of Oral Pathology, Rashid Latif Dental College/Rashid Latif Medical Complex, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Meregildo-Rodriguez ED, Robles-Arce LG, Chunga-Chévez EV, Asmat-Rubio MG, Zavaleta-Alaya P, Vásquez-Tirado GA. Periodontal disease as a non-traditional risk factor for acute coronary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. LE INFEZIONI IN MEDICINA 2022; 30:501-515. [PMID: 36482952 PMCID: PMC9715009 DOI: 10.53854/liim-3004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous observational studies have suggested an association between periodontal disease (PD) and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Nonetheless, evidence linking PD with coronary heart disease (CHD) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is still contradictory. We aim to systematically review the role of PD as a risk factor for ACS (myocardial infarction and unstable angina). METHODS The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021286278) and we followed the recommendations of the PRISMA and AMSTAR 2 guidelines. We systematically searched for 7 databases and electronic thesis repositories from inception to February 2022. We included articles without language restriction following the PECO strategy (population: "adult participants"; exposure: "periodontal disease"; comparator: "no periodontal disease"; outcome: "acute coronary syndrome" OR "acute myocardial infarction" OR "unstable angina"). Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were pooled using random effects and heterogeneity was quantified by Cochran's Q and Higgins' I2 statistics. Subgroup analyses were carried out according to the participants' sex, type of diagnosis of PD, type of study, and continent of origin of studies. RESULTS We included 46 papers (17 cohort, 25 case-control, and 4 cross-sectional studies) that met the inclusion criteria. This meta-analysis includes a total of 6,806,286 participants and at least 68,932 ACS events, mainly myocardial infarction (MI). In accordance with our results, PD is associated with a higher risk of ACS (OR 1.35; 95% CI 1.25-1.45). However, clinical and methodological heterogeneity was significant (I2=86%, p<0.05). In the sensitivity analysis, the exclusion of some studies with "extreme" results (outliers) did not significantly affect the overall estimate or heterogeneity. In subgroup analysis, we found no statistically significant differences between men and women according to subgroup difference tests (I2=0%, p=0.67). Conversely, there were differences according to the type of diagnosis of PD (clinical or self-reported diagnosis), type of study (cohort, case-control, or cross-sectional study), and the continent of origin (North America, South America, Asia, or Europe) of the studies (I2=79%-96%, p<0.10). Of the 46 studies, only 4 had a high risk of bias. Additionally, the funnel plot suggested publication bias. CONCLUSION PD may be an important non-traditional risk factor for ACS. Although, this meta-analysis brings together more studies, and therefore more evidence, than any other previous similar study, its results should be interpreted with caution due to the great heterogeneity and the potential presence of bias.
Collapse
|
6
|
Prevalence of Microorganisms in Atherosclerotic Plaques of Coronary Arteries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8678967. [PMID: 36506809 PMCID: PMC9731758 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8678967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the existence of pathogens in atherosclerotic plaques of coronary arteries was investigated in coronary arteries diseases (CAD) patients. Methods This study was designed and implemented up to 31 August 2020. The findings present according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) checklist. Two independent reviewers (I.RJ and S.H) performed a comprehensive search on four different English databases including PubMed, ISI, Scopus, and Embase. In order to assess the quality of the articles, a checklist prepared by The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) was used. Results Finally, 44 studies were selected. The prevalence of different microorganisms in coronary arteries were as follows: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (46.2%), Campylobacter rectus (43.0%), Chlamydia pneumonia (42.8%), Cytomegalovirus (29.1%), Helicobacter pylori (18.9%), Herpes simplex virus type 1 (5.9%), Porphyromonas gingivalis (42.6%), Prevotella intermedia (47.6%), Tannerella forsythia (43.7%), and Treponema denticola (32.9%). Conclusion Based on the result of this meta-analysis, Prevotella intermedia and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans are the most common microorganisms in atherosclerotic plaques of coronary arteries and may have an important role in the development of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
|
7
|
A potential oral microbiome signature associated with coronary artery disease in Tunisia. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231418. [PMID: 35695679 PMCID: PMC9251586 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20220583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronary artery disease is a chronic inflammatory disease involving genetic as well as environmental factors. Recent evidence suggests that the oral microbiome has a significant role in triggering atherosclerosis. The present study assessed the oral microbiome composition variation between coronary patients and healthy subjects in order to identify a potential pathogenic signature associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). We performed metagenomic profiling of salivary microbiomes by 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing. Oral microbiota profiling was performed for 30 individuals including 20 patients with CAD and 10 healthy individuals without carotid plaques or previous stroke or myocardial infarction.We found that oral microbial communities in patients and healthy controls are represented by similar global core oral microbiome. The predominant taxa belonged to Firmicutes (genus Streptococcus, Veillonella, Granulicatella, Selenomonas), Proteobacteria (genus Neisseria, Haemophilus), Actinobacteria (genus Rothia), Bacteroidetes (genus Prevotella, Porphyromonas) and Fusobacteria (genus Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia). More than 60% relative abundance of each sample for both CAD patients and controls is represented by three major genera including Streptococcus (24.97% and 26.33%), Veillonella (21.43% and 19.91%) and Neisseria (14.23% and 15.33%). Using penalized regression analysis, the bacterial genus Eikenella was involved as the major discriminant genus for both status and Syntax score of CAD. We also reported a significant negative correlation between Syntax score and Eikenella abundance in coronary patients' group (Spearman rho =-0.68, p= 0.00094). In conclusion, the abundance of Eikenella in oral coronary patient samples compared to controls could be a prominent pathological indicator for the development of CAD.
Collapse
|
8
|
Bacali C, Vulturar R, Buduru S, Cozma A, Fodor A, Chiș A, Lucaciu O, Damian L, Moldovan ML. Oral Microbiome: Getting to Know and Befriend Neighbors, a Biological Approach. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030671. [PMID: 35327473 PMCID: PMC8945538 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral microbiome, forming a biofilm that covers the oral structures, contains a high number of microorganisms. Biofilm formation starts from the salivary pellicle that allows bacterial adhesion–colonization–proliferation, co-aggregation and biofilm maturation in a complex microbial community. There is a constant bidirectional crosstalk between human host and its oral microbiome. The paper presents the fundamentals regarding the oral microbiome and its relationship to modulator factors, oral and systemic health. The modern studies of oral microorganisms and relationships with the host benefits are based on genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics. Pharmaceuticals such as antimicrobials, prebiotics, probiotics, surface active or abrasive agents and plant-derived ingredients may influence the oral microbiome. Many studies found associations between oral dysbiosis and systemic disorders, including autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular, diabetes, cancers and neurodegenerative disorders. We outline the general and individual factors influencing the host–microbial balance and the possibility to use the analysis of the oral microbiome in prevention, diagnosis and treatment in personalized medicine. Future therapies should take in account the restoration of the normal symbiotic relation with the oral microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Bacali
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 32 Clinicilor St., 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Romana Vulturar
- Department of Molecular Sciences, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 6 Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, University Babes-Bolyai, 30 Fântânele St., 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Smaranda Buduru
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 32 Clinicilor St., 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Angela Cozma
- 4th Medical Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj-Napoca, 18 Republicii St., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Adriana Fodor
- Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2-4 Clinicilor St., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Adina Chiș
- Department of Molecular Sciences, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 6 Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, University Babes-Bolyai, 30 Fântânele St., 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ondine Lucaciu
- Department of Oral Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Laura Damian
- Department of Rheumatology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, Centre for Rare Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases, 2-4 Clinicilor St., 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- CMI Reumatologie Dr. Damian, 6-8 Petru Maior St., 400002 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mirela Liliana Moldovan
- Department of Dermopharmacy and Cosmetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 12, I. Creanga St., 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xu H, Tian B, Shi W, Tian J, Zhang X, Zeng J, Qin M. A Correlation Study of the Microbiota Between Oral Cavity and Tonsils in Children With Tonsillar Hypertrophy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:724142. [PMID: 35155268 PMCID: PMC8831826 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.724142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tonsillar hypertrophy is a common disease in 3-to-6-year-old children, which may cause serve symptoms like airway obstruction. Microbiological factors play an important role in the etiology of tonsillar hypertrophy. As the starting point of digestive and respiratory tracts, the microbial composition of the oral cavity is not only unique but also closely related to the resident microbiota in other body sites. Here we reported a correlation study of the microbiota between oral cavity and tonsils in children with tonsillar hypertrophy. Saliva, supragingival plaque, and wiped samples from the tonsil surface were collected from both tonsillar hypertrophy patients and participants with healthy tonsils and were then analyzed using Illumina Miseq Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. In the tonsillar hypertrophic state, more genera were detected on the tonsil surface than in the tonsil parenchyma, with more intra-microbiota correlations. When tonsillar hypertrophy occurred, both the oral cavity and tonsil surface endured microbiome shift with increased genera category and more active bacterial interactions. Over half of the newly detected genera from the tonsillar hypertrophic state were associated with infection and inflammation process or exhibited antibiotic-resistant characters. Of each individual, the microbial composition and structure of saliva seemed more similar to that of the tonsil surface, compared with the supragingival plaque. In salivary microbiota, genus Johnsonella might be relative with the healthy state of tonsils, while Pseudoxanthomonas might be relative with tonsillar hypertrophy. Our study supported the link between oral microbiota with the healthy and hypertrophic states of tonsils and may provide new directions for future researches in the specific role of oral microbiota in the etiology of tonsil diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He Xu
- Pediatric Department, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Bijun Tian
- Pediatric Department, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Shi
- Pediatric Department, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Pediatric Department, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Xuexi Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China
| | - Jin Zeng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Man Qin
- Pediatric Department, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Man Qin,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Matsui S, Maruhashi T, Kishimoto S, Kajikawa M, Yusoff FM, Nakashima A, Taguchi A, Higashi Y. Poor tooth brushing behavior is associated with high risk of cardiovascular events: A prospective observational study. Int J Cardiol 2021; 350:111-117. [PMID: 34979151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Poor oral care is associated with cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of tooth brushing behavior on the incidences of future cardiovascular events in a general population including patients with cardiovascular disease. METHODS This was a prospective observational study which included 692 participants (437 men and 255 women, mean age, 63 ± 16 years). The participants were divided into three groups according to the frequency and duration of tooth brushing: low frequency and short duration group (<twice/day and <2 min/procedure), low frequency or short duration group (<twice/day or <2 min/procedure), and non-low frequency and non-short duration group (≥twice/day and ≥2 min/procedure). We assessed the associations of tooth brushing behavior with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) including death from cardiovascular causes, acute myocardial infarction, hospitalization for heart failure, and stroke. RESULTS During a median follow-up period of 28.5 (15.4-35.1) months, 32 events occurred (10 deaths from cardiovascular causes, one acute myocardial infarction, 13 hospitalizations for heart failure, and eight strokes). Kaplan-Meier curves for MACEs among the groups were significantly different (P = 0.001). After adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, the combination of low frequency and short duration of tooth brushing was significantly associated with high incidences of MACEs compared with the incidences of MACEs for the combination of non-low frequency and non-short duration of tooth brushing (hazard ratio, 3.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.24-7.63; P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS The combination of decreased frequency and duration of tooth brushing is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION URL for Clinical Trial: http://UMIN; Registration Number for Clinical Trial: UMIN000003409.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Matsui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Maruhashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinji Kishimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masato Kajikawa
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Farina Mohamad Yusoff
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ayumu Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akira Taguchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan
| | - Yukihito Higashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zedda N, Bramanti B, Gualdi-Russo E, Ceraico E, Rinaldo N. The biological index of frailty: A new index for the assessment of frailty in human skeletal remains. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2021; 176:459-473. [PMID: 34418072 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Frailty is the physiological stress that individuals suffer during their life. In past populations, frailty is conventionally assessed through the occurrence of different biomarkers of biological stress. Some efforts have been made to propose indexes that combine all biomarkers. However, these indices have some critical limitations: they cannot be used on incomplete skeletons, do not consider the severity and/or healing of lesions, and assign equal importance to different biomarkers. To address these limitations, we propose a new index to assess frailty in skeletal individuals. MATERIAL AND METHODS By statistically analyzing a large amount of osteological data available from the Museum of London, and using a Logit model, we were able to define a different weight for each reported biomarker of frailty, based on their importance in increasing the risk of premature death for the individuals. RESULTS The biological index of frailty (BIF) is the weighted mean of all biomarkers scored on the individuals, according to a different degree of importance assigned to each one. It also considers the severity and healing of the biomarkers when this is relevant to diagnose frailty. We applied BIF on a sample of Monastics and Non-Monastics from medieval England and compared it with the skeletal index of frailty (SFI). DISCUSSION BIF is the first frailty index that gives a different weight to each skeletal biomarker of stress, considers both severity and healing of the lesions, and can be applied on partial skeletal remains. The comparison with SFI showed that BIF is applicable to a larger number of skeletal individuals, revealing new differences between the Monastic and the Non-Monastic groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Zedda
- Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Barbara Bramanti
- Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Emanuela Gualdi-Russo
- Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Ceraico
- Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Natascia Rinaldo
- Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Progress in Oral Microbiome Related to Oral and Systemic Diseases: An Update. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11071283. [PMID: 34359364 PMCID: PMC8306157 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11071283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human oral microbiome refers to an ecological community of symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms found in the oral cavity. The oral cavity is an environment that provides various biological niches, such as the teeth, tongue, and oral mucosa. The oral cavity is the gateway between the external environment and the human body, maintaining oral homeostasis, protecting the mouth, and preventing disease. On the flip side, the oral microbiome also plays an important role in the triggering, development, and progression of oral and systemic diseases. In recent years, disease diagnosis through the analysis of the human oral microbiome has been realized with the recent development of innovative detection technology and is overwhelmingly promising compared to the previous era. It has been found that patients with oral and systemic diseases have variations in their oral microbiome compared to normal subjects. This narrative review provides insight into the pathophysiological role that the oral microbiome plays in influencing oral and systemic diseases and furthers the knowledge related to the oral microbiome produced over the past 30 years. A wide range of updates were provided with the latest knowledge of the oral microbiome to help researchers and clinicians in both academic and clinical aspects. The microbial community information can be utilized in non-invasive diagnosis and can help to develop a new paradigm in precision medicine, which will benefit human health in the era of post-metagenomics.
Collapse
|
13
|
Meyerhoefer CD, Pepper JV, Manski RJ, Moeller JF. Dental Care Use, Edentulism, and Systemic Health among Older Adults. J Dent Res 2021; 100:1468-1474. [PMID: 34138663 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211019018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Past research suggests there are systematic associations between oral health and chronic illness among older adults. Although causality has not yet been credibly established, periodontitis has been found to be associated with higher risk of both heart disease and stroke. We advance this literature by estimating the direct association between dental care use and systemic health using multiple waves of the 1992 to 2016 Health and Retirement Study. Through the inclusion of individual fixed effects in our regression models, we account for unobservable time-invariant characteristics of individuals that might otherwise bias estimates of the association between dental care use and health. We find statistically significant negative associations between dental care use and the number of health conditions, self-reported overall health, the incidence of heart disease, and the incidence of stroke. In particular, the use of dental care within the past 2 y is associated with a 2.7% reduction in the likelihood of being diagnosed with a heart condition and a reduction in the likelihood of a stroke diagnosis of between 5.3% and 11.6%. We also find large positive correlations between edentulism and the measures of chronic illness. Associations from models estimated separately for men and women are qualitatively similar to one another. These findings provide additional motivation for the consideration of a Medicare dental benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - J V Pepper
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - R J Manski
- University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J F Moeller
- University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bugueno IM, Benkirane-Jessel N, Huck O. Implication of Toll/IL-1 receptor domain containing adapters in Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced inflammation. Innate Immun 2021; 27:324-342. [PMID: 34018827 PMCID: PMC8186158 DOI: 10.1177/17534259211013087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is induced by periodontal dysbiosis characterized by the predominance of anaerobic species. TLRs constitute the classical pathway for cell activation by infection. Interestingly, the Toll/IL-1 receptor homology domain adapters initiate signaling events, leading to the activation of the expression of the genes involved in the host immune response. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis on the expression and protein-protein interactions among five TIR adapters (MAL, MyD88, TRIF, TRAM and SARM) in gingival epithelial cells and endothelial cells. It was observed that P. gingivalis is able to modulate the signaling cascades activated through its recognition by TLR4/2 in gingival epithelial cells and endothelial cells. Indeed, MAL-MyD88 protein-protein interactions associated with TLR4 was the main pathway activated by P. gingivalis infection. When transient siRNA inhibition was performed, cell viability, inflammation, and cell death induced by infection decreased and such deleterious effects were almost absent when MAL or TRAM were targeted. This study emphasizes the role of such TIR adapter proteins in P. gingivalis elicited inflammation and the precise evaluation of TIR adapter protein interactions may pave the way for future therapeutics in both periodontitis and systemic disease with a P. gingivalis involvement, such as atherothrombosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac M Bugueno
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Nadia Benkirane-Jessel
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivier Huck
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France.,Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, France.,Pôle de Médecine et de Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaires, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sethi NJ, Safi S, Korang SK, Hróbjartsson A, Skoog M, Gluud C, Jakobsen JC. Antibiotics for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 2:CD003610. [PMID: 33704780 PMCID: PMC8094925 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd003610.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide with approximately 7.4 million deaths each year. People with established coronary heart disease have a high risk of subsequent cardiovascular events including myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death. Antibiotics might prevent such outcomes due to their antibacterial, antiinflammatory, and antioxidative effects. However, a randomised clinical trial and several observational studies have suggested that antibiotics may increase the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. Furthermore, several non-Cochrane Reviews, that are now outdated, have assessed the effects of antibiotics for coronary heart disease and have shown conflicting results. No previous systematic review using Cochrane methodology has assessed the effects of antibiotics for coronary heart disease. OBJECTIVES We assessed the benefits and harms of antibiotics compared with placebo or no intervention for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, SCI-EXPANDED, and BIOSIS in December 2019 in order to identify relevant trials. Additionally, we searched TRIP, Google Scholar, and nine trial registries in December 2019. We also contacted 11 pharmaceutical companies and searched the reference lists of included trials, previous systematic reviews, and other types of reviews. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised clinical trials assessing the effects of antibiotics versus placebo or no intervention for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in adult participants (≥18 years). Trials were included irrespective of setting, blinding, publication status, publication year, language, and reporting of our outcomes. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Three review authors independently extracted data. Our primary outcomes were all-cause mortality, serious adverse event according to the International Conference on Harmonization - Good Clinical Practice (ICH-GCP), and quality of life. Our secondary outcomes were cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, and sudden cardiac death. Our primary time point of interest was at maximum follow-up. Additionally, we extracted outcome data at 24±6 months follow-up. We assessed the risks of systematic errors using Cochrane 'Rosk of bias' tool. We calculated risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dichotomous outcomes. We calculated absolute risk reduction (ARR) or increase (ARI) and number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) or for an additional harmful outcome (NNTH) if the outcome result showed a beneficial or harmful effect, respectively. The certainty of the body of evidence was assessed by GRADE. MAIN RESULTS We included 38 trials randomising a total of 26,638 participants (mean age 61.6 years), with 23/38 trials reporting data on 26,078 participants that could be meta-analysed. Three trials were at low risk of bias and the 35 remaining trials were at high risk of bias. Trials assessing the effects of macrolides (28 trials; 22,059 participants) and quinolones (two trials; 4162 participants) contributed with the vast majority of the data. Meta-analyses at maximum follow-up showed that antibiotics versus placebo or no intervention seemed to increase the risk of all-cause mortality (RR 1.06; 95% CI 0.99 to 1.13; P = 0.07; I2 = 0%; ARI 0.48%; NNTH 208; 25,774 participants; 20 trials; high certainty of evidence), stroke (RR 1.14; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.29; P = 0.04; I2 = 0%; ARI 0.73%; NNTH 138; 14,774 participants; 9 trials; high certainty of evidence), and probably also cardiovascular mortality (RR 1.11; 95% CI 0.98 to 1.25; P = 0.11; I2= 0%; 4674 participants; 2 trials; moderate certainty of evidence). Little to no difference was observed when assessing the risk of myocardial infarction (RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.88 to 1.03; P = 0.23; I2 = 0%; 25,523 participants; 17 trials; high certainty of evidence). No evidence of a difference was observed when assessing sudden cardiac death (RR 1.08; 95% CI 0.90 to 1.31; P = 0.41; I2 = 0%; 4520 participants; 2 trials; moderate certainty of evidence). Meta-analyses at 24±6 months follow-up showed that antibiotics versus placebo or no intervention increased the risk of all-cause mortality (RR 1.25; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.48; P = 0.007; I2 = 0%; ARI 1.26%; NNTH 79 (95% CI 335 to 42); 9517 participants; 6 trials; high certainty of evidence), cardiovascular mortality (RR 1.50; 95% CI 1.17 to 1.91; P = 0.001; I2 = 0%; ARI 1.12%; NNTH 89 (95% CI 261 to 49); 9044 participants; 5 trials; high certainty of evidence), and probably also sudden cardiac death (RR 1.77; 95% CI 1.28 to 2.44; P = 0.0005; I2 = 0%; ARI 1.9%; NNTH 53 (95% CI 145 to 28); 4520 participants; 2 trials; moderate certainty of evidence). No evidence of a difference was observed when assessing the risk of myocardial infarction (RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.82 to 1.11; P = 0.53; I2 = 43%; 9457 participants; 5 trials; moderate certainty of evidence) and stroke (RR 1.17; 95% CI 0.90 to 1.52; P = 0.24; I2 = 0%; 9457 participants; 5 trials; high certainty of evidence). Meta-analyses of trials at low risk of bias differed from the overall analyses when assessing cardiovascular mortality at maximum follow-up. For all other outcomes, meta-analyses of trials at low risk of bias did not differ from the overall analyses. None of the trials specifically assessed serious adverse event according to ICH-GCP. No data were found on quality of life. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Our present review indicates that antibiotics (macrolides or quinolones) for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease seem harmful when assessing the risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and stroke at maximum follow-up and all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and sudden cardiac death at 24±6 months follow-up. Current evidence does, therefore, not support the clinical use of macrolides and quinolones for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Future trials on the safety of macrolides or quinolones for the secondary prevention in patients with coronary heart disease do not seem ethical. In general, randomised clinical trials assessing the effects of antibiotics, especially macrolides and quinolones, need longer follow-up so that late-occurring adverse events can also be assessed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naqash J Sethi
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region of Denmark, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sanam Safi
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region of Denmark, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steven Kwasi Korang
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region of Denmark, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Asbjørn Hróbjartsson
- Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Odense (CEBMO) and Cochrane Denmark, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Open Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria Skoog
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region of Denmark, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Clinical Study Support, Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian Gluud
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region of Denmark, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group, Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region of Denmark, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Janus C Jakobsen
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region of Denmark, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group, Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region of Denmark, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Presence of bacterial DNA in thrombotic material of patients with myocardial infarction. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16299. [PMID: 33004892 PMCID: PMC7530676 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73011-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious agents have been suggested to be involved in etiopathogenesis of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). However, the relationship between bacterial infection and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has not yet been completely clarified. The objective of this study is to detect bacterial DNA in thrombotic material of patients with ACS with ST-segment elevation (STEMI) treated with Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PPCI). We studied 109 consecutive patients with STEMI, who underwent thrombus aspiration and arterial peripheral blood sampling. Testing for bacterial DNA was performed by probe-based real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). 12 probes and primers were used for the detection of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Chlamydia pneumoniae, viridans group streptococci, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Tannarella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Helycobacter pylori, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Staphylococus aureus, Prevotella intermedia and Streptococcus mutans. Thus, DNA of four species of bacteria was detected in 10 of the 109 patients studied. The most frequent species was viridans group streptococci (6 patients, 5.5%), followed by Staphylococus aureus (2 patients, 1.8%). Moreover, a patient had DNA of Porphyromonas gingivalis (0.9%); and another patient had DNA of Prevotella intermedia (0.9%). Bacterial DNA was not detected in peripheral blood of any of our patients. In conclusion, DNA of four species of endodontic and periodontal bacteria was detected in thrombotic material of 10 STEMI patients. Bacterial DNA was not detected in the peripheral blood of patients with bacterial DNA in their thrombotic material. Bacteria could be latently present in plaques and might play a role in plaque instability and thrombus formation leading to ACS.
Collapse
|
17
|
Li Q, Liu J, Liu W, Chu Y, Zhong J, Xie Y, Lou X, Ouyang X. LOX-1 Regulates P. gingivalis-Induced Monocyte Migration and Adhesion to Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:596. [PMID: 32793587 PMCID: PMC7394702 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is one of the main periodontal bacteria. This pathogen was reported to enhance monocyte migration and adhesion to endothelial cells in atherosclerosis. The scavenger receptor lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) plays a pivotal role in atherogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether LOX-1 modulates P. gingivalis-mediated monocyte migration and adhesion to endothelial cells and how it works. The results showed that the migration and adhesion of monocytic THP-1 cells to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were significantly enhanced when HUVECs or THP-1 cells were challenged with P. gingivalis. Meanwhile, the expression level of LOX-1 in both HUVECs and THP-1 cells were also significantly increased by P. gingivalis stimulation. It is well known that ligand/receptor pairs monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)/CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), selectins/Integrins, and cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)/Integrins mediate monocyte migration and adhesion to endothelial cells. In this study, LOX-1 was demonstrated to be crucially involved in P. gingivalis-induced THP-1 cell migration and adhesion to HUVECs, by regulating expression of ligands MCP-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and E-selectin in HUVECs and that of their receptors CCR2 and Integrin αMβ2 in THP-1 cells. The nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway was proved to be involved in this process. In conclusion, LOX-1 plays a crucial role in P. gingivalis-induced monocyte migration and adhesion to endothelial cells. This result implies LOX-1 may act as a bridge in linking periodontitis to atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianru Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyi Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Chu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jinsheng Zhong
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xinzhe Lou
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangying Ouyang
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bilgin Çetin M, Önder C, Orhan K, Kumbasar D, Serdar MA, Ünsal E. Relationship of periodontitis and edentulism to angiographically diagnosed coronary artery disease: A cross-sectional study. J Periodontal Res 2020; 55:895-904. [PMID: 32648271 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study is to examine the connection between oral status and the extent of coronary artery disease (CAD), which is diagnosed by angiography. BACKGROUND Periodontitis and tooth loss have been linked to atherosclerosis and CAD in previous studies. However, no distinct connection was revealed due to the diversity of the results and the variety of diagnostic methods. To provide a more consistent data pool and stronger evidence, there is a need for studies with standard measurements and diagnostic criteria. METHODS 309 patients, who consulted to Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology and had coronary angiography, were enrolled to this study. Individuals were grouped based on their coronary angiography results, as CAD (+) (n = 233) and CAD (-) (n = 76). Studied parameters included cardiovascular risk factors, plaque index (PI), remaining teeth count, bleeding on probing (BOP), and probing pocket depth (PPD). Periapical radiographs were taken from teeth with ≥4 mm PPD. Oral status was categorized as periodontally healthy subjects/patients with gingivitis (Group 1), patients with periodontitis (Group 2), and edentulous subjects (Group 3). RESULTS PI (P < 0.001), PPD (P = 0.001), BOP (P = 0.004), the number of patients with less than 10 teeth (P = 0.014), and edentulism (P = 0.009) were significantly higher in CAD (+) patients, who were mostly older (P < 0.001) and male (P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that Group 2 (odds ratio = 2.48, 95% confidence interval = 1.24-4.95, P = 0.010) and Group 3 (odds ratio = 2.01, 95% confidence interval = 1.14-5.17, P = 0.040) were highly associated with CAD. Two and three stenosed vessels were significantly higher in Groups 2 and 3 compared to Group 1 (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS It was found that both edentulism and periodontitis were related to CAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Bilgin Çetin
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Canan Önder
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kaan Orhan
- Department of Dento Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Kumbasar
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Elif Ünsal
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kubehl K, Temple DH. Reproductive life histories influence cariogenesis: Exploring sex-specific variation in dental caries and survivorship in the human past. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 172:376-385. [PMID: 32112570 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Differences in dental caries prevalence between males and females is considered a reflection of diet. However, recent syntheses argue that sex-specific variation in dental caries prevalence also reflects changes in the oral cavity attributable to variation in reproductive life histories. This study explores sex-specific variation in carious lesions using a life history perspective to understand if differences in reproductive ecology influence this process. MATERIALS AND METHODS Survival probability between 860 males and females from the Terry Collection was compared using carious lesion manifestation (absent, crown presence, root/cemento-enamel junction [CEJ] presence) and sex as covariates and age as a time series variable. A four-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) comparing carious lesion type by sex, age, and periodontal disease presence was used to evaluate interaction between these variables. RESULTS Individuals with carious lesions have greater survivorship than those without lesions. Males and females with crown lesions do not differ in survivorship from individuals without carious lesions. Females with root/CEJ lesions are characterized by the highest survivorship. A significant interaction was found for root/CEJ carious lesions by age, sex, and periodontal disease presence. Root/CEJ lesion formation in older males was not dependent upon periodontal disease presence, though dependence between these variables characterizes postmenopausal females. CONCLUSION Sex-specific variation in crown lesions is not associated with reproductive life histories and likely reflects diet. By contrast, root/CEJ lesions form through pathways attributable to reproductive life histories, particularly age-induced periodontal disease in females. These results suggest the formation of carious lesions is complex, and in some cases, rooted in reproductive life histories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Kubehl
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Daniel H Temple
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Leskelä J, Pietiäinen M, Safer A, Lehto M, Metso J, Malle E, Buggle F, Becher H, Sundvall J, Grau AJ, Pussinen PJ, Palm F. Serum lipopolysaccharide neutralizing capacity in ischemic stroke. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228806. [PMID: 32084157 PMCID: PMC7034831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Periodontitis is associated with increased serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activity, which may be one mechanism linking periodontitis with the risk of cardiovascular diseases. As LPS-carrying proteins including lipoproteins modify LPS-activity, we investigated the determinants of serum LPS-neutralizing capacity (LPS-NC) in ischemic stroke. The association of LPS-NC and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, a major microbial biomarker in periodontitis, was also investigated. Materials and methods The assay to measure LPS-NC was set up by spiking serum samples with E. coli LPS. The LPS-NC, LPS-binding protein (LBP), soluble CD14 (sCD14), lipoprotein profiles, apo(lipoprotein) A-I, apoB, and phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) activity, were determined in 98 ischemic stroke patients and 100 age- and sex-matched controls. Serum and saliva immune response to A. actinomycetemcomitans, its concentration in saliva, and serotype-distribution were examined. Results LPS-NC values ranged between 51–83% in the whole population. Although several of the LPS-NC determinants differed significantly between cases and controls (PLTP, sCD14, apoA-I, HDL-cholesterol), the levels did not (p = 0.056). The main determinants of LPS-NC were i) triglycerides (β = -0.68, p<0.001), and ii) HDL cholesterol (0.260, <0.001), LDL cholesterol (-0.265, <0.001), PLTP (-0.196, 0.011), and IgG against A. actinomycetemcomitans (0.174, 0.011). Saliva A. actinomycetemcomitans concentration was higher [log mean (95% CI), 4.39 (2.35–8.19) vs. 10.7 (5.45–21) genomes/ml, p = 0.023) and serotype D more frequent (4 vs. 0%, p = 0.043) in cases than controls. Serotypeablity or serotypes did not, however, relate to the LPS-NC. Conclusion Serum LPS-NC comprised low PLTP-activity, triglyceride and LDL cholesterol concentrations, as well as high HDL cholesterol and IgG against A. actinomycetemcomitans. The present findings let us to conclude that LPS-NC did not associate with stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Leskelä
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Milla Pietiäinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anton Safer
- Institute of Global Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markku Lehto
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Metso
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ernst Malle
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Florian Buggle
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Heiko Becher
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, Hamburg, Germany
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jouko Sundvall
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Armin J. Grau
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Pirkko J. Pussinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Frederick Palm
- Department of Neurology, Helios Klinikum Schleswig, Schleswig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ward LM, Cooper SA, Hughes-McCormack L, Macpherson L, Kinnear D. Oral health of adults with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2019; 63:1359-1378. [PMID: 31119825 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been several past reports that adults with intellectual disabilities experience poor oral health (tooth loss, periodontal health and untreated dental caries). Loss of a functional dentition has serious consequences, including problems with chewing, swallowing, nutrition, speech, temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis and pain and systemic health conditions. Poor oral health is largely preventable through proactive oral care support. In recent years, social care provision for adults has changed, with deinstitutionalisation and home-based personalised care now being the typical provision in high income countries. Hence, oral health inequalities might be reducing. However, there is limited recent evidence-synthesis on the topic. We aimed to address this. METHOD PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018089880. We conducted a preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses systematic review of publications since 2008. Four databases were searched with a clear search strategy, strict inclusion criteria for selection of papers, double scoring (two raters), systematic data extraction and quality appraisal of included papers. RESULTS A total of 33/3958 retrieved articles were included, of which 14 were drawn from dental service users and 10 from Special Olympic athletes, therefore not necessarily being representative of the wider population with intellectual disabilities. Despite this limitation, adults with intellectual disabilities were still shown to experience poor oral health. High levels of poor oral hygiene and gingivitis were found, with many also affected by periodontitis and untreated dental decay. There is clear unmet need relating to both periodontal (gum) and tooth health, leading to tooth loss. CONCLUSIONS Despite reports in the past of poor oral health amongst adults with intellectual disabilities, and despite it being preventable, there remains a high burden of poor oral health. This highlights the need to raise awareness, and for polices on effective daily oral care, and appropriate service provision. The importance of oral health and its possible negative sequelae needs to be elevated amongst carers and professionals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L M Ward
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Gartnavel Royal Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - S A Cooper
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Gartnavel Royal Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - L Hughes-McCormack
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Gartnavel Royal Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - L Macpherson
- School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, Glasgow Dental Hospital and University of Glasgow Dental School, Glasgow, UK
| | - D Kinnear
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Gartnavel Royal Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Quasi-Randomized Trial of Effects of Perioperative Oral Hygiene Instruction on Inpatients with Heart Diseases Using a Behavioral Six-Step Method. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16214252. [PMID: 31683872 PMCID: PMC6862145 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The assessor-blinded, parallel-design, quasi-randomized study (alternating allocation) aimed to determine the effects of the six-step method on postoperative numbers of oral bacteria, periodontal status, and atrial fibrillation (AF) among inpatients with heart diseases and periodontitis. Seventy inpatients who received preoperative periodontal treatment were quasi-randomly assigned to intervention and control groups at University Hospital. The intervention group received intensive oral hygiene instruction using a six-step method for 15 minutes per week and the control group received routine oral hygiene instruction. Significantly fewer oral bacteria were identified on the tongue at discharge compared with baseline in the intervention than the control group (ANCOVA) (large effect size, p = 0.02). Changes in scores for self-efficacy, plaque scores, probed pocket depth, and bleeding on probing between baseline and discharge were significantly greater in the intervention, than in the control group (p < 0.05). The period of postoperative AF (days) was significantly shorter in the intervention, than in the control group (p = 0.019). In conclusion, oral hygiene instruction using the six-step method decreased the numbers of oral bacteria on the tongue and improved self-efficacy, oral health behaviors, oral hygiene status, periodontal status, and period of postoperative AF among inpatients with periodontitis and heart diseases.
Collapse
|
23
|
Pietiäinen M, Liljestrand JM, Kopra E, Pussinen PJ. Mediators between oral dysbiosis and cardiovascular diseases. Eur J Oral Sci 2019; 126 Suppl 1:26-36. [PMID: 30178551 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Clinical periodontitis is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) through systemic inflammation as the etiopathogenic link. Whether the oral microbiota, especially its quality, quantity, serology, and virulence factors, plays a role in atherogenesis is not clarified. Patients with periodontitis are exposed to bacteria and their products, which have access to the circulation directly through inflamed oral tissues and indirectly (via saliva) through the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in systemic inflammatory and immunologic responses. Periodontitis is associated with persistent endotoxemia, which has been identified as a notable cardiometabolic risk factor. The serology of bacterial biomarkers for oral dysbiosis is associated with an increased risk for subclinical atherosclerosis, prevalent and future coronary artery disease, and incident and recurrent stroke. In addition to species-specific antibodies, the immunologic response includes persistent, cross-reactive, proatherogenic antibodies against host-derived antigens. Periodontitis may affect lipoprotein metabolism at all levels, and all lipoprotein classes are affected. Periodontitis or its bacterial signatures may be involved not only in increased storage of proatherogenic lipids but also in attenuation of the anti-atherogenic processes, thereby putatively increasing the net risk of atherosclerosis. In this review we summarize possible molecular mediators between the dysbiotic oral microbiota and atherosclerotic processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milla Pietiäinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - John M Liljestrand
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisa Kopra
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirkko J Pussinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
The King Is Dead: Clark Gable's Heart Attack. Am J Med Sci 2018; 356:219-226. [PMID: 29961543 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Clark Gable was born in a small Ohio mining town and never finished high school. Stage struck as a young man, he did menial jobs while working his way up to movie stardom-his most famous role was in "Gone with the Wind." He married 5 times. During WWII, he enlisted in the Army Air Corps, flew a few combat missions as a gunner and won the Distinguished Service Cross. Personally, he was intermittently obese, a drinker, smoker, hypertensive and predictably in 1960, he suffered an acute myocardial infarction. His clinical course was benign until the 10th hospital day, when he died suddenly. No resuscitation was attempted. At the time of his death, preventive cardiology, mouth-to-mouth ventilation, closed chest cardiac massage, defibrillation and coronary care units were in their infancy. The history of these and subsequent therapeutic practices are reviewed, but Gable died a bit too early for their application.
Collapse
|
25
|
Dietary Polyphenols and Periodontitis-A Mini-Review of Literature. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071786. [PMID: 30036945 PMCID: PMC6099717 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, which is a chronic infection and disease of the periodontium, is a significant global health burden and is linked to other chronic health conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Dietary polyphenols present in a wide variety of plant-based foods, herbs, and botanicals have been shown to exert antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and reduced osteoclast and alveolar bone loss activities in animal models of periodontitis. Polyphenol-containing beverages and foods especially green tea and its active catechin epigallocatechin-3-gallate, cranberries, pomegranates, and fruit and vegetable extracts have reported bacteriostatic/bactericidal activity against microbial species such as P. gingivalis and shown total bacterial burden in clinical studies. These polyphenols also exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, which have the potential to impact various biological mechanisms for reducing the initiation and progression of periodontitis. The main objective of this mini-review is to focus on the mechanisms of action of dietary polyphenols in improving the pathophysiology underlying chronic inflammatory diseases like periodontitis based on pre-clinical and clinical models.
Collapse
|
26
|
Choi YH, Kosaka T, Ojima M, Sekine S, Kokubo Y, Watanabe M, Miyamoto Y, Ono T, Amano A. Relationship between the burden of major periodontal bacteria and serum lipid profile in a cross-sectional Japanese study. BMC Oral Health 2018; 18:77. [PMID: 29728099 PMCID: PMC5935931 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-018-0536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association of periodontal bacteria with lipid profile alteration remains largely unknown, although it has been suggested that chronic periodontitis increases the atherosclerotic risk. This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between the prevalence and total burden of periodontal bacteria and serum lipid profile. Methods Saliva from enrolled participants was collected to detect 4 major periodontal bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, and Prevotella intermedia) using Polymerase Chain Reaction method. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were assessed using blood samples. We compared the averages of each lipid in association with the prevalence of each bacterial species, their burden (low, moderate, and high), and the combination of bacterial burden and periodontal status, defined as periodontitis, using the Community Periodontal Index, after adjustment for other potential confounding factors, by employing general linear models with least square means. Results A total of 385 Japanese individuals (176 men, 209 women; mean age 69.2 years) were enrolled. The number of bacterial species and their co-existence with periodontitis were significantly related to a decrease in HDL (p for trend < 0.01) and increase in TG (p for trend = 0.04). The adjusted mean HDL levels (mg/dL) in individuals with low, moderate, and high levels of bacterial species were 66.1, 63.0, and 58.9, respectively, and those in the 6 groups defined by combination of the two factors were 67.9, 64.6, 64.3, 65.4, 61.5, and 54.7, respectively. Conclusion Periodontal bacterial burden is suggested to be independently involved in lowering serum HDL level. Our findings suggest that bacterial tests in a clinical setting could be a useful approach for predicting the risk of HDL metabolism dysregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Hee Choi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Takayuki Kosaka
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gerontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita-Osaka, Japan
| | - Miki Ojima
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita-Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sekine
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita-Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kokubo
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita-Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Watanabe
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita-Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyamoto
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita-Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ono
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gerontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita-Osaka, Japan.,Division of Comprehensive Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Atsuo Amano
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita-Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Im SI, Heo J, Kim BJ, Cho KI, Kim HS, Heo JH, Hwang JY. Impact of periodontitis as representative of chronic inflammation on long-term clinical outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation. Open Heart 2018; 5:e000708. [PMID: 29713482 PMCID: PMC5922561 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2017-000708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Relationship between atrial fibrillation (AF) and inflammation was shown in previous studies. However, there was limited data about the association between the periodontitis and AF in the long-term follow-up. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of periodontitis on long-term clinical outcomes in patients with AF. Methods The Kosin University echocardiography, ECG and periodontitis database were reviewed from 2013 to 2015 to identify patients with AF. Those patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of periodontitis and clinical events including any arrhythmic attack, thromboembolic and bleeding and death were collected during a median of 18 months. Results Among 227 patients with AF, 47 (20.7%) patients had periodontitis. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were significantly higher in patients with periodontitis compared with those without periodontitis (p<0.001). Arrhythmias including AF, atrial tachycardia, atrial premature beat, ventricular tachycardia and ventricular premature beat also occurred in 44 (93.6%) patients, which was higher significantly higher incidence in patients with periodontitis than in those without periodontitis (p<0.001). In univariate analysis, age, CHA2DS2-VASc, left atrial volume index (LAVi) and periodontitis were significantly associated with arrhythmic events and MACE including bleeding events, thromboembolic events, arrhythmic events and mortality. In multivariate analysis, LAVi (p=0.005) and periodontitis (p<0.001) were independent risk factors for arrhythmic events and periodontitis (p<0.001) for MACE at the long-term follow-up. Conclusions The periodontitis as representative of chronic inflammation was an independent predictor of arrhythmic events and MACE in patients with AF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Il Im
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Heo
- Department of Dentistry/Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Joon Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Im Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Su Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ho Heo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yong Hwang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pietiäinen M, Kopra KAE, Vuorenkoski J, Salminen A, Paju S, Mäntylä P, Buhlin K, Liljestrand JM, Nieminen MS, Sinisalo J, Hyvärinen K, Pussinen PJ. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitansserotypes associate with periodontal and coronary artery disease status. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 45:413-421. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milla Pietiäinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - K. A. Elisa Kopra
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Juha Vuorenkoski
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Aino Salminen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
- Department of Dental Medicine Huddinge; Division of Periodontology; Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge Sweden
| | - Susanna Paju
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Päivi Mäntylä
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
- Institute of Dentistry; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; Kuopio University Hospital; Kuopio Finland
| | - Kåre Buhlin
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
- Department of Dental Medicine Huddinge; Division of Periodontology; Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge Sweden
| | - John M. Liljestrand
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Markku S. Nieminen
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Center; Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Juha Sinisalo
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Center; Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Kati Hyvärinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Pirkko J. Pussinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Altamimi AG, AlBakr SA, Alanazi TA, Alshahrani FA, Chalisserry EP, Anil S. Prevalence of Periodontitis in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: a Case Control Study. Mater Sociomed 2018; 30:58-61. [PMID: 29670479 PMCID: PMC5857055 DOI: 10.5455/msm.2018.30.58-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To assess the prevalence of periodontal disease among patients undergoing renal dialysis. Methods: Sixty hemodialysis patients (30 males, 30 females) with a mean age of 44.4±9.5 years comprised the study group. Periodontal parameters such as plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured in these patients and 60 age and sex-matched control subjects. The data was tabulated and analyzed. Results: The mean duration of dialysis was 5.50±3.02 years. The plaque index (PI) bleeding on probing (BOP), Periodontal probing depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were significantly higher in patients undergoing hemodialysis than in control subjects. The mean clinical attachment level was significantly higher among the dialysis patients (2.78±0.83 mm) than the control subjects (1.97±0.53 mm). The plaque index and bleeding on probing also showed a similar pattern in patients undergoing hemodialysis compared to control patients. The prevalence and severity of periodontal disease seems to be higher in patients undergoing dialysis. Conclusion: From the observations of this study, it can be concluded that patients undergoing hemodialysis are more prone to periodontal diseases. Further studies with a larger population and a comparison with the duration of dialysis may further substantiate the current findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Faleh A Alshahrani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elna Paul Chalisserry
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sukumaran Anil
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Poonamallee High Road, Chennai, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cardoso EM, Reis C, Manzanares-Céspedes MC. Chronic periodontitis, inflammatory cytokines, and interrelationship with other chronic diseases. Postgrad Med 2017; 130:98-104. [DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2018.1396876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Maria Cardoso
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences (FCS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, Guarda, Portugal
| | - Cátia Reis
- Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, CESPU, Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Maria Cristina Manzanares-Céspedes
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Health University of Barcelona Campus (HUBc), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
McCully KS. Hyperhomocysteinemia, Suppressed Immunity, and Altered Oxidative Metabolism Caused by Pathogenic Microbes in Atherosclerosis and Dementia. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:324. [PMID: 29056905 PMCID: PMC5635055 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many pathogenic microorganisms have been demonstrated in atherosclerotic plaques and in cerebral plaques in dementia. Hyperhomocysteinemia, which is a risk factor for atherosclerosis and dementia, is caused by dysregulation of methionine metabolism secondary to deficiency of the allosteric regulator, adenosyl methionine. Deficiency of adenosyl methionine results from increased polyamine biosynthesis by infected host cells, causing increased activity of ornithine decarboxylase, decreased nitric oxide and peroxynitrate formation and impaired immune reactions. The down-regulation of oxidative phosphorylation that is observed in aging and dementia is attributed to deficiency of thioretinaco ozonide oxygen complexed with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and phosphate, which catalyzes oxidative phosphorylation. Adenosyl methionine biosynthesis is dependent upon thioretinaco ozonide and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and the deficiency of adenosyl methionine and impaired immune function in aging are attributed to depletion of thioretinaco ozonide from mitochondrial membranes. Allyl sulfides and furanonaphthoquinones protect against oxidative stress and apoptosis by increasing the endogenous production of hydrogen sulfide and by inhibiting electron transfer to the active site of oxidative phosphorylation. Diallyl trisulfide and napabucasin inhibit the signaling by the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3), potentially enhancing immune function by effects on T helper lymphocytes and promotion of apoptosis. Homocysteine promotes endothelial dysfunction and apoptosis by the unfolded protein response and endoplasmic reticulum stress through activation of the N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, causing oxidative stress, calcium influx, apoptosis and endothelial dysfunction. The prevention of atherosclerosis and dementia may be accomplished by a proposed nutritional metabolic homocysteine-lowering protocol which enhances immunity and corrects the altered oxidative metabolism in atherosclerosis and dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kilmer S. McCully
- Pathology, VA Boston Healthcare System (VHA), Boston, MA, United States
- Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Damgaard C, Reinholdt J, Enevold C, Fiehn NE, Nielsen CH, Holmstrup P. Immunoglobulin G antibodies against Porphyromonas gingivalis or Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in cardiovascular disease and periodontitis. J Oral Microbiol 2017; 9:1374154. [PMID: 29081914 PMCID: PMC5646634 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2017.1374154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim was to elucidate whether levels of circulating antibodies to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis correlate to loss of attachment, as a marker for periodontitis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Design: Sera were collected from 576 participants of the Danish Health Examination Survey (DANHES). Immunoglobulin G antibodies against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and protein antigens from the a, b and c serotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis were quantified by titration in ELISA plates coated with a mixture of antigens prepared by disintegration of bacteria. Results: Levels of antibodies against P. gingivalis (OR = 1.48) and A. actinomycetemcomitans (1.31) associated with periodontitis, as determined by univariable logistic regression analysis. These antibody levels also associated with CVD (1.17 and 1.37), respectively, However, after adjusting for other risk factors, including age, smoking, gender, alcohol consumption, overweight, and level of education using multivariable logistic regression analysis, only increasing body mass index (BMI; 1.09), previous smoking (1.99), and increasing age (decades) (2.27) remained associated with CVD. Increased levels of antibodies against P. gingivalis (1.34) remained associated with periodontitis after adjusting for other risk factors. Conclusions: CVD and periodontitis were associated with levels of IgG antibodies to P. gingivalis or A. actinomycetemcomitans in univariable analyses, but only the association of P. gingivalis antibody levels with periodontitis reached statistical significance after adjustment for common confounders. Age, in particular, influenced this relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Damgaard
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Reinholdt
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christian Enevold
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nils-Erik Fiehn
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Henrik Nielsen
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Palle Holmstrup
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sethi NJ, Safi S, Korang SK, Hróbjartsson A, Skoog M, Gluud C, Jakobsen JC. Antibiotics for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Hippokratia 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd003610.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naqash J Sethi
- Department 7812, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research; Blegdamsvej 9 Copenhagen Denmark 2100
| | - Sanam Safi
- Department 7812, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research; Blegdamsvej 9 Copenhagen Denmark 2100
| | - Steven Kwasi Korang
- Department 7812, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research; Blegdamsvej 9 Copenhagen Denmark 2100
| | - Asbjørn Hróbjartsson
- Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Center for Evidence-Based Medicine; Sdr. Boulevard 29, Gate 50 (Videncenteret) Odense C Denmark 5000
| | - Maria Skoog
- Barsebäcksvägen 39 Löddeköpinge Sweden 24630
| | - Christian Gluud
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Department 7812, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital; The Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group; Blegdamsvej 9 Copenhagen Denmark DK-2100
| | - Janus C Jakobsen
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Department 7812, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital; The Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group; Blegdamsvej 9 Copenhagen Denmark DK-2100
- Holbaek Hospital; Department of Cardiology; Holbaek Denmark 4300
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Prabha RD, Kandasamy R, Sivaraman US, Nandkumar MA, Nair PD. Antibacterial nanosilver coated orthodontic bands with potential implications in dentistry. Indian J Med Res 2017; 144:580-586. [PMID: 28256467 PMCID: PMC5345305 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.200895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: Fixed orthodontic treatment, an indispensable procedure in orthodontics, necessitates insertion of dental bands. Insertion of band material could also introduce a site of plaque retention. It was hypothesized that band materials with slow-release antimicrobial properties could help in sustained infection control, prevention of dental plaque formation and further associated health risks. Considering the known antimicrobial proprieties of silver, a coating of silver nanoparticle (SNP) onto the stainless steel bands was done and characterized for its beneficial properties in the prevention of plaque accumulation. Methods: Coatings of SNPs on conventional stainless steel dental bands were prepared using thermal evaporation technology. The coated dental bands were characterized for their physicochemical properties and evaluated for antimicrobial activity and biocompatibility. The physiochemical characterization of band material both coated and uncoated was carried out using scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectroscopy, atomic force microscopyand contact angle test. Biocompatibility tests for coated band material were carried using L929 mouse fibroblast cell culture and MTT [3-(4, 5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay. Antimicrobial activity of coated band material against Gram-positive bacteria was tested. Results: A stable and uniform coating of SNPs was obtained. The coated band materials were biocompatible as well as possessed distinct antimicrobial activity. Interpretation & conclusions: The SNP coated dental bands could be potential antimicrobial dental bands for future clinical use. Further studies need to be done to validate the efficiency of coated band materials in oral environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - U Sajeev Sivaraman
- Division of Tissue Engineering & Regeneration Technologies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Maya A Nandkumar
- Microbiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Prabha D Nair
- Division of Tissue Engineering & Regeneration Technologies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Matsui S, Kajikawa M, Maruhashi T, Iwamoto Y, Iwamoto A, Oda N, Kishimoto S, Hidaka T, Kihara Y, Chayama K, Goto C, Aibara Y, Nakashima A, Noma K, Taguchi A, Higashi Y. Decreased frequency and duration of tooth brushing is a risk factor for endothelial dysfunction. Int J Cardiol 2017; 241:30-34. [PMID: 28341376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal disease is associated with endothelial dysfunction, leading to cardiovascular disease. The effect of detailed tooth brushing behavior, not only frequency but also duration of tooth brushing, on endothelial function is unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships of detailed methods of tooth brushing with vascular function. METHODS We evaluated flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation, and frequency and duration of tooth brushing in 896 subjects. We divided the subjects into three groups according to the frequency and duration of tooth brushing: low frequency and short duration group (<twice/day and <2min/procedure), low frequency or short duration group (<twice/day or <2min/procedure), non-low frequency and non-short duration group (≥twice/day and ≥2min/procedure). RESULTS FMD in the low frequency and short duration group was significantly lower than FMD in the low frequency or short duration group and FMD in the non-low frequency and non-short duration group [3.1 (2.7)% vs. 4.2 (3.1)% and 4.7 (3.1)%, P=0.001 and <0.001, respectively]. Nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation was similar in the three groups. Using the non-low frequency and non-short duration group as the reference, the low frequency and short duration of tooth brushing group was significantly associated with an increased odds ratio of a low FMD tertile after adjustment for conventional risk factors (OR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.39-3.59; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that low frequency and short duration of tooth brushing are associated with endothelial dysfunction. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION URL for clinical trial: http://UMIN; registration number for clinical trial: UMIN000003409.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Matsui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masato Kajikawa
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Maruhashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yumiko Iwamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akimichi Iwamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nozomu Oda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinji Kishimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hidaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasuki Kihara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Chikara Goto
- Hiroshima International University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Aibara
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ayumu Nakashima
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kensuke Noma
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akira Taguchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan
| | - Yukihito Higashi
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gualtero DF, Viafara-Garcia SM, Morantes SJ, Buitrago DM, Gonzalez OA, Lafaurie GI. Rosuvastatin Inhibits Interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-6 Production in Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells Stimulated With Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Serotype b. J Periodontol 2017; 88:225-235. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2016.160288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
37
|
Ebersole JL, Kryscio RJ, Campbell C, Kinane DF, McDevitt J, Christodoulides N, Floriano PN, Miller CS. Salivary and serum adiponectin and C-reactive protein levels in acute myocardial infarction related to body mass index and oral health. J Periodontal Res 2016; 52:419-427. [PMID: 27549083 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Adiponectin is produced by adipose cells and is considered an anti-inflammatory molecule. In contrast, C-reactive protein (CRP) has been identified as a hallmark of systemic inflammation and used as a risk marker of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Of interest was the relationship of these two biomarkers to oral health and CVD risk. MATERIAL AND METHODS This investigation examined these two molecules in serum and unstimulated whole saliva of patients within 48 h of an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) compared to control subjects. We hypothesized a differential response in these biomolecules resulting from the heart attack that would be affected by both the body mass index and oral health characteristics of the individuals. RESULTS Significantly lower adiponectin levels were observed in the serum of patients with AMI. Serum adiponectin in both groups and salivary adiponectin in patients with AMI decreased with increasing body mass index. Oral health was significantly worse in patients with AMI, and both serum and salivary adiponectin were elevated with better oral health in control subjects. Serum CRP levels were increased in patients with AMI regardless of their oral health, and both serum and salivary CRP were significantly elevated in S-T wave elevated patients with MI. CONCLUSIONS These initial data provide evidence relating obesity and oral health to salivary and serum analyte levels that occur in association with cardiac events. Relationships have been described between CVD risk and periodontal disease. Additionally, various systemic inflammatory biomarkers appear to reflect both the CVD risk and the extent/severity of periodontitis. Our findings indicated that oral health and obesity contribute to altering levels of these salivary and serum analytes in association with cardiac events. The potential that serum and/or salivary biomarkers could aid in evaluating CVD risk requires knowledge regarding how the oral health of the individual would impact the effectiveness of these biological measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Ebersole
- Department of Oral Health Practice & Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - R J Kryscio
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences and Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - C Campbell
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - D F Kinane
- College of Dentistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J McDevitt
- Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - N Christodoulides
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - P N Floriano
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - C S Miller
- Department of Oral Health Practice & Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Teshome A, Yitayeh A. Relationship between periodontal disease and preterm low birth weight: systematic review. Pan Afr Med J 2016; 24:215. [PMID: 27800070 PMCID: PMC5075444 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2016.24.215.8727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Periodontal disease is a neglected bacterial infection that causes destruction of the periodontium in pregnant women. Yet its impact on the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes has not systematically evaluated and there is no clear statement on the relationship between periodontal disease and preterm low birth weight. The objective of this study was to summarize the evidence on the impact of periodontal disease on preterm low birth weight. Methods We searched the following data bases from January 2005 to December 2015: CINAHL (cumulative index to nursing and allied health literature), MEDLINE, AMED, EMBASE (excerpta medica database), Cochrane library and Google scholar. Only case-control studies with full text in English were eligible. Critical appraisal of the identified articles was done by two authors independently to provide the possible relevance of the papers for inclusion in the review process. The selected Case control studies were critically appraised with 12 items structured checklist adapted from national institute of health (NIH). Odds ratio (OR) or risk ratios (RR) were extracted from the selected studies. The two reviewers who selected the appropriate studies also extracted the data and evaluated the risk of bias. Results Of 229 articles, ten studies with a total of 2423 participants with a mean age ranged from 13 to 49 years were met the inclusion criteria. The studies focused on preterm birth, low birth weight and /or preterm low birth weight and periodontitis. Of the selected studies, 9 implied an association between periodontal disease and increased risk of preterm birth, low birth weight and /or preterm low birth weight outcome (ORs ranging from 2.04 to 4.19) and only one study found no evidence of association. Conclusion Periodontal disease may be one of the possible risk factor for preterm low birth weight infant. However, more precise studies with randomized clinical trial with sufficient follow-up period must be done to confirm the association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amare Teshome
- Department of Dentistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Asmare Yitayeh
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lennon LT, Ramsay SE, Papacosta O, Shaper AG, Wannamethee SG, Whincup PH. Cohort Profile Update: The British Regional Heart Study 1978-2014: 35 years follow-up of cardiovascular disease and ageing. Int J Epidemiol 2016; 44:826-826g. [PMID: 26232420 PMCID: PMC4521137 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy T Lennon
- Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, UCL Medical School, London, UK and
| | - Sheena E Ramsay
- Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, UCL Medical School, London, UK and
| | - Olia Papacosta
- Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, UCL Medical School, London, UK and
| | - A Gerald Shaper
- Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, UCL Medical School, London, UK and
| | - S Goya Wannamethee
- Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, UCL Medical School, London, UK and
| | - Peter H Whincup
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
McCully KS. Homocysteine Metabolism, Atherosclerosis, and Diseases of Aging. Compr Physiol 2015; 6:471-505. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c150021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
41
|
Schmitt A, Carra MC, Boutouyrie P, Bouchard P. Periodontitis and arterial stiffness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol 2015; 42:977-87. [PMID: 26465940 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Patients with periodontitis have a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases, although a causal relationship between these conditions remains unclear. Arterial stiffness is considered a marker of arteriosclerosis and a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. A systematic review of the literature on clinical studies using pulse wave velocity (PWV) to assess arterial stiffness in patients with periodontitis was carried out to answer the following questions: (i) Do patients with periodontitis have impaired arterial stiffness compared to non-periodontal diseased subjects? (ii) Is periodontal treatment effective as a means to improve arterial stiffness in patients with periodontitis? LITERATURE REVIEW Literature search was done on different databases up to September 2014. All clinical studies (excluding case reports) using PWV in patients with periodontitis were retrieved for a full-text evaluation. A total of 10 studies were included. Patients with periodontitis have increased arterial stiffness compared to controls (PWV mean difference 0.85 m/s; 95% confidence interval: 0.53-1.16; p<0.00001). The only two interventional studies showed contradictory results on the effects of periodontal treatment on PWV. CONCLUSION Patients with periodontitis appear to have higher values of PWV compared to controls. The effect of periodontal treatment on arterial stiffness remains unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Schmitt
- Department of Periodontology, Service of Odontology, Rothschild Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris 7 - Denis Diderot, U.F.R. of Odontology, Paris, France
| | - Maria Clotilde Carra
- Department of Periodontology, Service of Odontology, Rothschild Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris 7 - Denis Diderot, U.F.R. of Odontology, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Boutouyrie
- Department of Pharmacology, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Paris, France.,INSERM U970, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Bouchard
- Department of Periodontology, Service of Odontology, Rothschild Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris 7 - Denis Diderot, U.F.R. of Odontology, Paris, France.,EA 2496, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Boillot A, Demmer RT, Mallat Z, Sacco RL, Jacobs DR, Benessiano J, Tedgui A, Rundek T, Papapanou PN, Desvarieux M. Periodontal microbiota and phospholipases: the Oral Infections and Vascular Disease Epidemiology Study (INVEST). Atherosclerosis 2015; 242:418-23. [PMID: 26282947 PMCID: PMC4862208 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Periodontal infections have been linked to cardiovascular disease, including atherosclerosis, and systemic inflammation has been proposed as a possible mediator. Secretory phospholipase A2 (s-PLA2) and Lipoprotein-associated PLA2 (Lp-PLA2) are inflammatory enzymes associated with atherosclerosis. No data are available on the association between oral microbiota and PLA2s. We studied whether a relationship exists between periodontal microbiota and the activities of these enzymes. METHODS The Oral Infection and Vascular Disease Epidemiology Study (INVEST) collected subgingival biofilms and serum samples from 593 dentate men and women (age 68.7 ± 8.6 years). 4561 biofilm samples were collected in the two most posterior teeth of each quadrant (average 7/participant) for quantitative assessment of 11 bacterial species using DNA-DNA checkerboard hybridization. Mean concentration of s-PLA2 and activities of s-PLA2 and Lp-PLA2 were regressed on tertiles of etiologic dominance (ED). ED is defined as the level of presumed periodontopathic species/combined level of all eleven species measured, and represents the relative abundance of periodontopathic organisms. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, smoking, BMI, diabetes, LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure. RESULTS Higher levels of s-PLA2 activity were observed across increasing tertiles of etiologic dominance (0.66 ± 0.04 nmol ml(-1) min(-1), 0.73 ± 0.04 nmol ml(-1) min(-1), 0.89 ± 0.04 nmol ml-1 min-1; p < 0.001), with also a trend of association between Lp-PLA2 activity and ED (p = 0.07), while s-PLA2 concentration was unrelated to ED. CONCLUSION Increasingly greater s-PLA2 activity at higher tertiles of etiologic dominance may provide a mechanistic explanatory link of the relationship between periodontal microbiota and vascular diseases. Additional studies investigating the role of s-PLA2 are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Boillot
- Department of Periodontology, Rothschild Hospital (AP-HP); University Paris 7, 5 Rue Santerre, Paris, France; INSERM U1018, University of Versailles St Quentin. Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France
| | - Ryan T Demmer
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Inserm U970; Cardiovascular Research Center, and Université Paris-Descartes University, F-75015, Paris, France; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ralph L Sacco
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - David R Jacobs
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joelle Benessiano
- Service de Biochimie, Hôpital Bichat, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alain Tedgui
- Inserm U970; Cardiovascular Research Center, and Université Paris-Descartes University, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Panos N Papapanou
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Moïse Desvarieux
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; INSERM Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Center, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 1153, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Fujiwara N, Tsuruda K, Iwamoto Y, Kato F, Odaki T, Yamane N, Hori Y, Harashima Y, Sakoda A, Tagaya A, Komatsuzawa H, Sugai M, Noguchi M. Significant increase of oral bacteria in the early pregnancy period in Japanese women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 8. [PMID: 26345599 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Oral microflora during pregnancy is critical to oral health care in the mother and her child. We examined the changes in the oral microbiota between pregnancy and nonpregnancy periods. METHODS The study was performed using 132 healthy pregnant women enrolled from Hiroshima City Asa Citizens Hospital and 51 healthy nonpregnant women as control. During pregnancy, 132 subjects were assessed for seven microbial species by the cultured method and polymerase chain reaction at the early (7-16 weeks gestation), the middle (17-28 weeks), and the late (29-39 weeks) pregnancy periods. Pregnant women completed a series of questionnaires regarding oral and systemic health and lifestyle habits. RESULTS The total cultivable microbial counts in the early pregnancy were significantly higher than that of the nonpregnant women (P < 0.05). The incidences of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in gingival sulcus during the early and middle pregnancy were significantly higher than the nonpregnant group (P < 0.05), while Prevotella intermedia and Fusobacterium nucleatum did not change. Candida species were more frequently detected during the middle and late pregnancy. CONCLUSION The data suggest that pregnancy, especially in the early periods, promotes the proliferation of microorganisms in the oral cavity and facilitates a colonization of periodontal pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Fujiwara
- Department of Bacteriology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Keiko Tsuruda
- Department of Bacteriology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuko Iwamoto
- Department of Bacteriology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Fuminori Kato
- Department of Bacteriology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | | | - Yuriko Hori
- Hiroshima City Asa Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuka Harashima
- Japanese Red Cross Hiroshima College of Nursing, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ayako Sakoda
- Japanese Red Cross Hiroshima College of Nursing, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Hitoshi Komatsuzawa
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Sugai
- Department of Bacteriology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mayumi Noguchi
- Department of Maternity Nursing, Japanese Red Cross Toyota College of Nursing, Toyota, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kinane DF, Zhang P, Benakanakere M, Singleton J, Biesbrock A, Nonnenmacher C, He T. Experimental gingivitis, bacteremia and systemic biomarkers: a randomized clinical trial. J Periodontal Res 2015; 50:864-9. [PMID: 25960104 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Bacteremia and systemic inflammatory markers are associated with periodontal and systemic diseases and may be linking mechanisms between these conditions. We hypothesized that in the development of gingival inflammation, systemic markers of inflammation and bacteremia would increase. MATERIAL AND METHODS To study the effect of bacteremia on systemic inflammatory markers, we recruited 80 subjects to participate in an experimental gingivitis study. Subjects were stratified based on gender, smoking and the number of bleeding sites and then randomized to one of two groups: control group (n = 40) or experimental gingivitis group (n = 40). Subjects in the control group conducted an oral hygiene regimen: brushing twice daily with a regular sodium fluoride cavity protection dentifrice and a standard manual toothbrush, flossing twice daily, and mouth rinsing with an anti-cavity fluoride rinse once daily. The experimental group stopped brushing and flossing, and used only the fluoride anti-cavity mouth rinse for 21 d. RESULTS Seventy-nine of 80 subjects were evaluable. One subject in the control group was excluded from the results due to antibiotic use during the study. Our data showed the experimental gingivitis group exhibited a significant (p < 0.05) increase in dental plaque level and gingival inflammatory indices relative to baseline and the control group but a decrease in bacteremia and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 levels vs. baseline. Bacteremia was negatively correlated with gingival inflammatory indices and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 levels in the experimental gingivitis group, thus negating our hypothesis. CONCLUSION We conclude that there are marked differences in systemic cytokine levels over the course of short-term experimentally induced gingivitis and further conclude that a long-term periodontitis study must be considered to address mechanisms whereby oral diseases may affect systemic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D F Kinane
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - P Zhang
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Benakanakere
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Singleton
- Department of Periodontics, Endodontics and Dental Hygiene, Center for Oral Health and Systemic Disease, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - A Biesbrock
- Health Care Research Center, Procter & Gamble Company, Mason, OH, USA
| | - C Nonnenmacher
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - T He
- Health Care Research Center, Procter & Gamble Company, Mason, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Effects of Intravenous Injection of Porphyromonas gingivalis on Rabbit Inflammatory Immune Response and Atherosclerosis. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:364391. [PMID: 26063970 PMCID: PMC4433690 DOI: 10.1155/2015/364391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of intravenous injection of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) on rabbit inflammatory immune response and atherosclerosis were evaluated by establishing a microamount Pg bacteremia model combined with high-fat diet. Twenty-four New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into Groups A-D (n = 6). After 14 weeks, levels of inflammatory factors (C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)) in peripheral blood were detected by ELISA. The aorta was subjected to HE staining. Local aortic expressions of toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2), TLR-4, TNF-α, CRP, IL-6, matrix metallopeptidase-9, and MCP-1 were detected by real-time PCR, and those of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65, phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) proteins were detected by Western blot. Intravenous injection of Pg to the bloodstream alone induced atherosclerotic changes and significantly increased systemic and local aortic expressions of inflammatory factors, NF-κB p65, phospho-p38-MAPK, and JNK, especially in Group D. Injection of microamount Pg induced inflammatory immune response and accelerated atherosclerosis, in which the NF-κB p65, p38-MAPK, and JNK signaling pathways played important roles. Intravenous injection of Pg is not the same as Pg from human periodontitis entering the blood stream. Therefore, our results cannot be extrapolated to human periodontitis.
Collapse
|
46
|
Sanchez-Torres D, Gutierrez-Bejarano D, Hurtado-Roca Y, Guallar-Castillon P, Muntner P, Laclaustra M. Non-linear association of periodontal pathogen antibodies with mortality. Int J Cardiol 2015; 187:628-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.03.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
47
|
Butler CA, Dashper SG, Khan HS, Zhang L, Reynolds EC. The interplay between iron, haem and manganese in Porphyromonas gingivalis. J Oral Biosci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
48
|
Hashimoto M, Yamazaki T, Hamaguchi M, Morimoto T, Yamori M, Asai K, Isobe Y, Furu M, Ito H, Fujii T, Terao C, Mori M, Matsuo T, Yoshitomi H, Yamamoto K, Yamamoto W, Bessho K, Mimori T. Periodontitis and Porphyromonas gingivalis in preclinical stage of arthritis patients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122121. [PMID: 25849461 PMCID: PMC4388350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine whether the presence of periodontitis (PD) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) in the subgingival biofilm associates with the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in treatment naïve preclinical stage of arthritis patients. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study of 72 consecutive patients with arthralgia who had never been treated with any anti-rheumatic drugs or glucocorticoids. Periodontal status at baseline was assessed by dentists. PD was defined stringently by the maximal probing depth≧4 mm, or by the classification by the 5th European Workshop in Periodontology (EWP) in 2005 using attachment loss. Up to eight plaque samples were obtained from each patient and the presence of Pg was determined by Taqman PCR. The patients were followed up for 2 years and introduction rate of methotrexate (MTX) treatment on the diagnosis of RA was compared in patients with or without PD or Pg. Results Patients with PD (probing depth≧4mm) had higher arthritis activity (p = 0.02) and higher risk for future introduction of MTX treatment on the diagnosis of RA during the follow up than patients without PD (Hazard ratio 2.68, p = 0.03). Arthritis activity and risk for MTX introduction increased with the severity of PD assessed by EWP, although not statistically significant. On the other hand, presence of Pg was not associated with arthritis activity (p = 0.72) or the risk for MTX introduction (p = 0.45). Conclusion In treatment naïve arthralgia patients, PD, but not the presence of Pg, associates with arthritis activity and future requirement of MTX treatment on the diagnosis of RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motomu Hashimoto
- Department of the Control for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Toru Yamazaki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahide Hamaguchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Morimoto
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masashi Yamori
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keita Asai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yu Isobe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Moritoshi Furu
- Department of the Control for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiromu Ito
- Department of the Control for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takao Fujii
- Department of the Control for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masato Mori
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuo
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yoshitomi
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiichi Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamamoto
- Department of Health Information Management, Kurashiki Sweet Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Bessho
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsuneyo Mimori
- Department of the Control for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ardila CM, Perez-Valencia AY, Rendon-Osorio WL. Tannerella forsythia is associated with increased levels of atherogenic low density lipoprotein and total cholesterol in chronic periodontitis. J Clin Exp Dent 2015; 7:e254-60. [PMID: 26155342 PMCID: PMC4483333 DOI: 10.4317/jced.52128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence suggests that acute and chronic infections with periodontopathogens are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study was to assess whether Tanerella forsythia and Porphyromonas gingivalis are associated with increased levels of atherogenic low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides and body mass index (BMI) in chronic periodontitis patients. Material and Methods Medical history and clinical and radiographic examination were conducted in 80 chronic periodontitis patients and 28 healthy individuals. Fasting blood samples were drawn for the measurement of the parameters of dyslipidemia. Anthropometric measurements such as height in meters and weight in kilograms were recorded. Both periodontitis and control subjects were asked to answer a questionnaire with regard to their socio-demographic and smoking status. The presence of T. forsythia, and P. gingivalis was detected using primers designed to target the respective 16S rRNA gene sequences. Results The occurrence of T. forsythia and P. gingivalis was higher in the group of subjects with periodontitis. Superior levels of triglycerides were observed in chronic periodontitis patients compared to healthy individuals. High levels of TC in periodontitis persons were significantly associated with increased bleeding on probing. Greater mean levels of TC and LDL were shown in the presence of T. forsythia (P<0.05). Likewise, higher proportions of patients with BMI ≥25 kg/m2 related with T. forsythia (P<0.05). T. forsythia was a significant discriminating factor in the multivariate linear regression model emerging as significant explanatory of increased levels of TC (β=17,879, 95% CI = 4,357-31,401; p=0.01) and LDL (β=17,162, 95% CI= 4,009-30,316; p=0.01). Conclusions Higher levels of serum total cholesterol and LDL were observed in the occurrence of T. forsythia and the presence of this periodontopathogen may increase the atherogenic potency of low-density lipoprotein that may augment the risk for atherosclerosis in periodontal disease patients. Key words:Periodontitis, dyslipidemia, Tannerella forsythia, cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Ardila
- Periodontist. Ph.D in Epidemiology, Biomedical Stomatology Group, Universidad de Antioquia U de A, Medellín, Colombia, Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Antioquia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide inhibits trophoblast invasion in the presence of nicotine. Placenta 2015; 36:27-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|