1
|
Wang N, Chen L, Huang W, Gao Z, Jin M. Current Advances of Nanomaterial-Based Oral Drug Delivery for Colorectal Cancer Treatment. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:557. [PMID: 38607092 PMCID: PMC11013305 DOI: 10.3390/nano14070557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor, and traditional treatments include surgical resection and radiotherapy. However, local recurrence, distal metastasis, and intestinal obstruction are significant problems. Oral nano-formulation is a promising treatment strategy for CRC. This study introduces physiological and environmental factors, the main challenges of CRC treatment, and the need for a novel oral colon-targeted drug delivery system (OCDDS). This study reviews the research progress of controlled-release, responsive, magnetic, targeted, and other oral nano-formulations in the direction of CRC treatment, in addition to the advantages of oral colon-targeted nano-formulations and concerns about the oral delivery of related therapeutic agents to inspire related research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuoya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (N.W.); (L.C.); (W.H.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, China
| | - Liqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (N.W.); (L.C.); (W.H.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (N.W.); (L.C.); (W.H.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhonggao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (N.W.); (L.C.); (W.H.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mingji Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (N.W.); (L.C.); (W.H.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Banerjee A, Deka D, Muralikumar M, Sun-Zhang A, Bisgin A, Christopher C, Zhang H, Sun XF, Pathak S. A concise review on miRNAs as regulators of colon cancer stem cells and associated signalling pathways. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:3345-3356. [PMID: 37086351 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03200-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent therapy advances and a better understanding of colon cancer biology, it remains one of the major causes of death. The cancer stem cells, associated with the progression, metastasis, and recurrence of colon cancer, play a major role in promoting the development of tumour and are found to be chemo resistant. The stroma of the tumour, which makes up the bulk of the tumour mass, is composed of the tumour microenvironment. With the advent of theranostic and the development of personalised medicine, miRNAs are becoming increasingly important in the context of colon malignancies. A holistic understanding of the regulatory roles of miRNAs in cancer cells and cancer stem cells will allow us to design effective strategies to regulate miRNAs, which could lead to improved clinical translation and creating a potent colon cancer treatment strategy. In this review paper, we briefly discuss the history of miRNA as well as the mechanisms of miRNA and cancer stem cells that contribute to the tumour growth, apoptosis, and advancement of colon cancer. The usefulness of miRNA in colorectal cancer theranostic is further concisely reviewed. We conclude by holding a stance in addressing the prospects and possibilities for miRNA by the disclosure of recent theranostic approaches aimed at eradicating cancer stem cells and enhancing overall cancer treatment outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antara Banerjee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), 603103, Kelambakkam, Chennai, India.
| | - Dikshita Deka
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), 603103, Kelambakkam, Chennai, India
| | - Makalakshmi Muralikumar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), 603103, Kelambakkam, Chennai, India
| | - Alexander Sun-Zhang
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77, Solna, Sweden
| | - Atil Bisgin
- InfoGenom R&D Laboratories, Cukurova Technopolis, Adana, Turkey
- Medical Genetics Department of Medical Faculty, Cukurova University AGENTEM (Adana Genetic Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment Center), Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Cynthia Christopher
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), 603103, Kelambakkam, Chennai, India
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Orebro University, 701 82, Orebro, Sweden
| | - Xiao-Feng Sun
- Division of Oncology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), 603103, Kelambakkam, Chennai, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xuan SH, Hua ML, Xiang Z, He XL, Huang L, Jiang C, Dong P, Wu J. Roles of cancer stem cells in gastrointestinal cancers. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:209-220. [PMID: 37181004 PMCID: PMC10173810 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i4.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the main cause of tumor growth, invasion, metastasis and recurrence. Recently, CSCs have been extensively studied to identify CSC-specific surface markers as well as signaling pathways that play key roles in CSCs self-renewal. The involvement of CSCs in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers also highlights these cells as a priority target for therapy. The diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of GI cancer have always been a focus of attention. Therefore, the potential application of CSCs in GI cancers is receiving increasing attention. This review summarizes the role of CSCs in GI cancers, focusing on esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, and pancreatic cancer. In addition, we propose CSCs as potential targets and therapeutic strategies for the effective treatment of GI cancers, which may provide better guidance for clinical treatment of GI cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hai Xuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The People’s Hospital of Dongtai City, Dongtai 224299, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meng-Lu Hua
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ze Xiang
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiang-Lin He
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou 215008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chun Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou 215008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peng Dong
- Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou 215008, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Harbiyeli IFC, Burtea DE, Ivan ET, Streață I, Nicoli ER, Uscatu D, Șerbănescu MS, Ioana M, Vilmann P, Săftoiu A. Assessing Putative Markers of Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells: From Colonoscopy to Gene Expression Profiling. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12102280. [PMID: 36291969 PMCID: PMC9601164 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are proposed to be involved in colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation, growth, and metastasis. The aim of our pilot study was to assess possible correlations between the clinicopathological characteristics of CRC patients and CSCs gene expression patterns, in order to provide insight into new methods for patient stratification and targeted therapeutic strategies. Our study involved 60 CRC patients, and the following three specific CSC genes were targeted: PROM1/CD133, ALCAM/CD166 and HCAM /CD44. Data are presented as relative mRNA expression of target genes to GAPDH. The expression of total CD133 and CD166 was assessed in paired samples of CRC tumors and adjacent tissue, while CD44 was assessed in similar samples. The qRT-PCR analysis detected all three targeted genes to different extents, in both normal and tumor tissue. In nine cases (15.69%), total CD133 had a higher expression in tumor tissue, whilst in 28 cases (47.06%) the expression was higher in non-malignant peritumor tissue. The total CD166 expression was increased in tumor tissue compared with paired non-invaded peritumor samples in eight cases (13.73%), whilst in eight cases (13.73%) the expression was higher in non-malignant peritumor tissue. Total CD44 expression was higher in tumor tissue compared with paired non-invaded peritumor samples in 47 cases (78.95%). In the remaining cases the difference between paired samples was biologically insignificant. In conclusion, our study suggests that qRT-PCR is feasible in assessing the gene expression profiles of CSCs from CRC, and a promising pathway to be followed for determining how often a person needs screening by colonoscopy and at which age to start. This could improve CRC diagnosis and early patient stratification, and open the way for new oncologic treatment development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Florina Cherciu Harbiyeli
- Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Craiova, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Daniela Elena Burtea
- Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Craiova, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Elena Tatiana Ivan
- Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Craiova, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Ioana Streață
- Human Genomics Laboratory, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Elena Raluca Nicoli
- Human Genomics Laboratory, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Daniel Uscatu
- Human Genomics Laboratory, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Mircea-Sebastian Șerbănescu
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Mihai Ioana
- Human Genomics Laboratory, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Peter Vilmann
- Gastro Unit, Division of Endoscopy, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Adrian Săftoiu
- Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Craiova, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kamel AM, Elsharkawy NM, Kandeel EZ, Hanafi M, Samra M, Osman RA. Leukemia Stem Cell Frequency at Diagnosis Correlates With Measurable/Minimal Residual Disease and Impacts Survival in Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2022; 12:867684. [PMID: 35530356 PMCID: PMC9069678 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.867684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogenous disease in which the initiation and maintenance of the malignant clone is blamed on a rare population of leukemia stem cells (LSCs). The persistence of such a malignant population is referred to as measurable/minimal residual disease (MRD). Evaluation of MRD is the gold standard for follow-up of therapy and constitutes an independent prognostic parameter. As LSCs are the main contributor to the persistence of MRD, then MRD should correlate with the bulk of LSCs at the individual case level. MRD is measured at defined time points during therapy. However, LSCs can be evaluated at diagnosis, which ensures the advantage of early prediction of high-risk patients and allows for early therapeutic decisions. Using two simple four-color monoclonal antibody combinations (CD38/CD123/CD34/CD45 and CD90/CD133/CD45/CD33) and the prism function of the Coulter Navios flow cytometer, the frequency of LSC subsets was evaluated in 84 newly diagnosed adult AML patients. For each panel, 16 possible combinations were detected. Our results showed that there was extreme variability in the percentage of the LSC fraction between different cases, as well as at the individual case level. For each LSC subset, the median value was used to divide cases into low and high expressors. LSC subsets that showed an impact on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) included CD123+, CD 123+/CD34-, CD34-/CD38+/CD123+, CD34+/CD38-/CD123+, CD133+, and CD133+/CD33-. On multivariate analysis, only CD123 (p ≤ 0.001, SE = 0.266, HR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.74.7) and CD133+/CD33- (p = 0.017, SE = 0.263, HR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.1–3.1) retained their significance for OS. Likewise, only CD34+/CD38-/CD123+ (p ≤ 0.001, HR 2.3, SE: 0.499, 95% CI: 2.4–17.4) and CD133 (p = 0.015, HR 2.3, SE 0.34, 95% CI: 1.2–4.4) retained their statistical significance for DFS. The LSC frequency at diagnosis showed a moderate to strong correlation with MRD status at day 14 and day 28. In conclusion, the level of LSCs at diagnosis correlated with MRD status at day 14 and day 28 in AML patients and had a deleterious impact on OS and DFS. It may be used as an early marker for high-risk patients allowing for early therapeutic decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azza M Kamel
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nahla M Elsharkawy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Z Kandeel
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Hanafi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Samra
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Randa A Osman
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lei X, He Q, Li Z, Zou Q, Xu P, Yu H, Ding Y, Zhu W. Cancer stem cells in colorectal cancer and the association with chemotherapy resistance. Med Oncol 2021; 38:43. [PMID: 33738588 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01488-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) have always been among the highest in the world, although the diagnosis and treatment are becoming more and more advanced. At present, the main reason is that patients have acquired drug resistance after long-term conventional drug treatment. An increasing number of evidences confirm the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are a group of special cells in cancer, only a small part of cancer cells. These special cell populations are not eliminated by chemotherapeutic drugs and result in tumor recurrence and metastasis after drug treatment. CSCs have the ability of self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation, which is associated with the occurrence and development of cancer. CSCs can be screened and identified by related surface markers. In this paper, the characteristic surface markers of CSCs in CRC and the related mechanism of drug resistance will be discussed in detail. A better understanding of the mechanism of CSCs resistance to chemotherapy may lead to better targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Lei
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, No.1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qinglian He
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, No.1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ziqi Li
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, No.1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qian Zou
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, No.1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Pingrong Xu
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, No.1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Haibing Yu
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuanlin Ding
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, No.1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Elucidation of underlying molecular mechanism of 5-Fluorouracil chemoresistance and its restoration using fish oil in experimental colon carcinoma. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:1517-1527. [PMID: 33392922 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03999-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Latest strategies for cancer treatment primarily focus on the use of chemosensitizers to enhance therapeutic outcome. N-3 PUFAs have emerged as the strongest candidate for the prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC). Our previous studies have demonstrated that fish oil (FO) rich in n-3 PUFAs not only increased therapeutic potential of 5-Fluorouracil(5-FU) in colon cancer but also ameliorated its toxicity. Henceforth, the present study is designed to elucidate mechanistic insights of FO as a chemosensitizer to circumvent drug resistance in experimental colon carcinoma. The colon cancer was induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine(DMH)/dextran sulfate sodium(DSS) in male Balb/c mice and these animals were treated with 5-FU(12.5 mg/kg b.w.), FO(0.2 ml), or 5-FU + FO(12.5 mg/kg b.w + 0.2 ml) orally for 14 days. The molecular mechanism of overcoming 5-FU resistance using FO in colon cancer was delineated by estimating expression of cancer stem cell markers using flowcytometric method and drug transporters by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. Additionally, distribution profile of 5-FU and its cytotoxic metabolite, 5-FdUMP at target(colon), and non-target sites (serum, kidney, liver, spleen) was assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) method. The observations revealed that expression of CSCs markers was remarkably reduced after using fish oil along with 5-FU in carcinogen-treated animals. Interestingly, the use of FO alongwith 5-FU also significantly declined the expression of drug transporters (ABCB1,ABCC5) and consequently resulted in an increased cellular uptake of 5-FU and its metabolite, 5-FdUMP at target site (colon). It could be possibly associated with change in permeability of cell membrane owing to the alteration in membrane fluidity. The present study revealed the mechanistic insights of FO as a MDR revertant which successfully restored 5-FU-mediated chemoresistance in experimental colon carcinoma.
Collapse
|
8
|
Rezaee M, Gheytanchi E, Madjd Z, Mehrazma M. Clinicopathological Significance of Tumor Stem Cell Markers ALDH1 and CD133 in Colorectal Carcinoma. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 16:40-50. [PMID: 33391379 PMCID: PMC7691712 DOI: 10.30699/ijp.2020.127441.2389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background & Objective: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide with a high mortality rate. The main causes of death in patients are recurrence and metastasis which are mainly attributed to the small subpopulation of cells within tumors called cancer stem cells (CSCs). This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between the expression of ALDH1 and CD133 as CSC associated markers and clinicopathological characteristics in CRC. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 483 CRC tumor samples were immunohistochemically stained for detection of CD133 and ALDH1 markers. Correlations of marker expression with clinicopathological factors were also evaluated. Results: There was a significant correlation between the luminal intensity of CD133 and neural invasion (P=0.05) and between the cytoplasmic intensity of CD133 and metastasis (P=0.05). In terms of H-score, a positive significant relation was observed between cytoplasmic expression of CD133 and lymph node (P=0.02), neural (P=0.04) and vascular invasion (P=0.02). The ALDH1 cytoplasmic expression showed a significant correlation with tumor size (P=0.001). Conclusion: Our findings showed that increased expression of CD133 and ALDH1 is associated with tumor progression and worse outcomes in CRC patients. These markers can be good candidates for localized targeting of CSCs using antibodies. Future researches need to be improved approaches for early detection of CRC, and treatment monitoring for CRC and other cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rezaee
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elmira Gheytanchi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Mehrazma
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pathology, Hasheminejad Kidney Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Circulating tumor cell as the functional aspect of liquid biopsy to understand the metastatic cascade in solid cancer. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 72:100816. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
10
|
Khelwatty SA, Essapen S, Bagwan I, Green M, Seddon AM, Modjtahedi H. Co-expression and prognostic significance of putative CSC markers CD44, CD133, wild-type EGFR and EGFRvIII in metastatic colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2019; 10:1704-1715. [PMID: 30899442 PMCID: PMC6422200 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been associated with tumour initiation and resistance to therapy. This study investigated the co-expression and prognostic significance of the CSCs biomarkers CD44 and CD133 with wild-type EGFR (wtEGFR) and EGFRvIII in colorectal cancer (CRC). The expression of these biomarkers were determined in tumours from 70 patients with metastatic CRC by immunohistochemistry, and in a panel of human CRC cell lines, and their variants with acquired-resistance to EGFR inhibitors, by flow cytometry. The expression of CD44, CD133, wtEGFR and EGFRvIII were present in 17%, 23%, 26% and 13% of cases and the co-expression of CD44/CD133 with wtEGFR and EGFRvIII were present in 9% and 3% of the cases respectively. Only co-expression of CSCs/EGFRvIII (P = 0.037), and amphiregulin (P = 0.017) were associated with worse overall survival. Interestingly, disease-free survival was improved in BTC expressing patients (P = 0.025). In vitro CD133 expression and its co-expression with CD44 were associated with primary-resistance to irinotecan and acquired-resistance to anti-EGFR inhibitors respectively. Our results suggest co-expression of CSCs and EGFRvIII could be potential biomarkers of worse overall survival and resistance to therapy in patients with mCRC and warrants further validation in a larger cohort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharadah Essapen
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston, UK.,St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Izhar Bagwan
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Margaret Green
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Alan M Seddon
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston, UK
| | - Helmout Modjtahedi
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zahran AM, Rayan A, Fakhry H, Attia AM, Ashmawy AM, Soliman A, Elkady A, Hetta HF. Pretreatment detection of circulating and tissue CD133 + CD44 + cancer stem cells as a prognostic factor affecting the outcomes in Egyptian patients with colorectal cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:1237-1248. [PMID: 30799951 PMCID: PMC6369859 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s189653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. As CD133 and CD44 are notable markers of cancer stem cells (CSCs) identity, it is thought to be a predictive indicator for colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the cell cycle state of CD133+ CD44+ and CD133− CD44−cells, isolated from primary human colorectal tumors, and to assess the clinical impact of CD133+ CD44+ CSCs on patients’ outcome regarding disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Materials and methods Tissue samples were collected from 50 primary colorectal cancer patients. Flow cytometric analysis was performed to isolate tissue CD133+ CD44+ CSCs and CD133− CD44− tumor cells from primary colorectal cancer tissue to compare the cell cycle of both types of cells. Also circulating CSCs were assessed by flow cytometry. Results Higher percentage of tissue CD133+ CD44+ CSCs isolated from colorectal cancer patients was found in G0/G1 phase. However, tissue CD133− CD44− tumor cells were predominantly found in the S phase; there were significant negative correlations between tissue CD133+ CD44+ CSCs and DFS and OS (r=−0.470, P<0.001, respectively and r=−0.487, P<0.001, respectively), also significant negative correlations between tissue CSCs and DFS and OS (r=−0.548, P<0.001, respectively and r=−0.497, P<0.001, respectively). Only the pathological grade (P<0.004) and T stage (P<0.004) had a significant effect on circulating CSC counts. Conclusion Tissue CD133+ CD44+ CSCs were more quiescent than tissue CD133− CD44− tumor cells and both circulating CSCs and tissue CSCs were considered independent negative prognostic factors on OS and DFS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M Zahran
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amal Rayan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hussein Fakhry
- Department of Surgical Oncology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Alia M Attia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Ashmawy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Soliman
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Azza Elkady
- Sohag University Medical Administration, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Helal F Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt, .,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yan X, Zhao J, Zhang R. Interleukin-37 mediates the antitumor activity in colon cancer through β-catenin suppression. Oncotarget 2018; 8:49064-49075. [PMID: 28467774 PMCID: PMC5564749 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and development of colon cancer is closely related to inflammation. Thus, we conducted the present retrospective study to investigate the effects of IL-37 (Interleukin 37), a newly identified anti-inflammatory factor, on colon cancer development. We first evaluated the IL-37 expression in 186 pairs of colon cancer samples and their adjacent normal mucosa by real-time PCR, ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunoassay) and tissue microarrays. Then the role of IL-37 on patient survival rates, colon cancer progression and their sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs were assessed. IL-37 was barely expressed in the colon cancer tissue but highly expressed in the adjacent normal tissue. The down-regulation of IL-37 was significantly correlated with the results of American Joint Committee on Cancer stage, nodal involvement, invasion depth, distant metastasis, differentiation and it was also shown to be an independent prognostic indicator of disease-free survival and overall survival for patients with colon cancer. Overexpression of IL-37 in colon cancer cell suppressed cell migration, invasion, proliferation, colony formation and cancer stem cells through suppressing β-catenin. IL-37 inhibited colon tumor formation in the mice model and sensitize the cancer cell to chemotherapy drugs. Our results showed that IL-37 plays an inhibitory role in colon cancer development and function as a novel prognostic indicator and a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Yan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cui G, Xu G, Zhu L, Pang Z, Zheng W, Li Z, Yuan A. Temporal and spatial changes of cells positive for stem-like markers in different compartments and stages of human colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Oncotarget 2018; 8:45311-45322. [PMID: 28484082 PMCID: PMC5542188 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Considerable evidence supports the idea that stem-like cells may play an essential role during the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). To accomplish this aim, we use immunohistochemistry (IHC) and double IHC with different potential stem-like markers, anti-musashi (Msi), anti-CD133, anti- LGR5 and anti-ALDH1 to examine the presentation of stem-like cells in different compartments including adenoma/CRC epithelium, transitional crypts and tumor stroma in colorectal adenoma and CRC. The results showed that cells positive for stem-like markers were remarkably increased in number and frequently observed in the adenoma/CRC epithelium, transitional crypts and tumor stroma. Notably, the population of cells positive for stem-liker markers was expanded from the base to the middle part of the transitional crypt in both adenoma and CRC tissues, reflecting that stem-like cells are likely involved in the process of colorectal tumorigenesis. Counting results showed that the grading scores of cells positive for LGR5 and ALDH1 in the adenoma/CRC epithelium were significantly increased relative with the control epithelium, and associated with the degree of dysplasia in the adenoma and node involvement in the CRC (all P < 0.05). In addition, the density of cells positive for stem-like markers in the adenomatous/cancerous stroma was also increased and paralleled an increase in the density of proliferative stromal cells labeled by PCNA, which were primarily identified as vimentin positive fibroblasts. Our results have revealed a changed temporal and spatial presentation of stem-like markers in different stages of human colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence, which might be a hallmark of the adenoma-carcinoma transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanglin Cui
- Research Group of Gastrointestinal Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Faculty of Health, Nord University, Levanger, Norway
| | - Gang Xu
- Research Group of Gastrointestinal Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Research Group of Gastrointestinal Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhigang Pang
- Research Group of Gastrointestinal Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Research Group of Gastrointestinal Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhenfeng Li
- Research Group of Gastrointestinal Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Aping Yuan
- Research Group of Gastrointestinal Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Anti-EGFR antibody sensitizes colorectal cancer stem-like cells to Fluorouracil-induced apoptosis by affecting autophagy. Oncotarget 2018; 7:81402-81409. [PMID: 27833077 PMCID: PMC5348401 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports suggest that colorectal carcinoma (CRC) may be sustained by a small subpopulation of cells, termed cancer stem cells (CSCs), which have drug resistance properties as a key reason for chemotherapy failure. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) controls CRC initiation and progression. Monoclonal antibody against EGFR (cetuximab) has been used in treatment of several cancers. However, the effects of cetuximab on CSCs in the CRC chemotherapy remain unclear. Here, we studied the effects of cetuximab on the CSC-like cells in Fluorouracil (5-FU)-treated CRC cells. CSC-like cells were independently isolated from CRC cells using CD133, CD44 or EphB2-high as markers and confirmed by tumor sphere formation assay. We found that 5-FU increased the apoptotic death of CSC-like CRC cells. Co-application of cetuximab augmented the apoptotic death of CSC-like CRC cells by 5-FU, seemingly through inhibition of 5-FU-induced increases in cell autophagy in CSC-like CRC cells. Together, our data suggest that EGFR monoclonal antibody may sensitize CSC-like CRC cells to 5-FU-induced apoptosis by affecting autophagy.
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhao Q, Zhou H, Liu Q, Cao Y, Wang G, Hu A, Ruan L, Wang S, Bo Q, Chen W, Hu C, Xu D, Tao F, Cao J, Ge Y, Yu Z, Li L, Wang H. Prognostic value of the expression of cancer stem cell-related markers CD133 and CD44 in hepatocellular carcinoma: From patients to patient-derived tumor xenograft models. Oncotarget 2018; 7:47431-47443. [PMID: 27329727 PMCID: PMC5216952 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
High expression of cancer stem cell (CSC) markers is related to poor prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the expression of these markers in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models and the relationship of the expression levels of these markers between HCC patients and their PDX models at subsequent low passages are unclear. To investigate the prognostic impact of putative CSC markers in patients with HCC and in related PDX models, the expression of CD133, CD90, CD44, ALDH1, CK7, CK19, OCT4, SOX2, vimentin, nestin, CD13 and EpCam were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) and then were validated using immunohistochemistry in tumor or peritumoral tissues from patients and tumor tissues from PDX models. Cumulative survival analysis of the patients and animals was conducted using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. Only the expression levels of CD133 and CD44 were higher in tumor tissues than in the peritumoral tissues of HCC patients by qRT-PCR. High consistency of the prognostic value of the expression of CD133/CD44 was observed in HCC patients and the PDX models. High expression levels of CD133 and CD44 were positively related to the poor prognosis of HCC patients and to that in the PDX models. PDX HCC models in the present study have been suggested to be predictive of disease outcome, which could shed light on personalized medicine and the mechanisms of CSC marker expression on prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qihong Zhao
- Department of Food and Nutrition Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qifei Liu
- Department of Food and Nutrition Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ye Cao
- Department of Food and Nutrition Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Anla Hu
- Department of Food and Nutrition Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Liang Ruan
- Department of Food and Nutrition Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Sufang Wang
- Department of Food and Nutrition Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qingli Bo
- Department of Food and Nutrition Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenjun Chen
- Department of Food and Nutrition Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chuanlai Hu
- Department of Food and Nutrition Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dexiang Xu
- Department of Food and Nutrition Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Food and Nutrition Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiyu Cao
- Department of Food and Nutrition Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yongsheng Ge
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zongfan Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Food and Nutrition Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hua Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Disease, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sato-Dahlman M, Miura Y, Huang JL, Hajeri P, Jacobsen K, Davydova J, Yamamoto M. CD133-targeted oncolytic adenovirus demonstrates anti-tumor effect in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2017. [PMID: 29100290 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18340.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic Adenoviruses (OAds) are one of the most promising anti-cancer agents that can induce cancer specific cell death. Recently, we generated infectivity-selective OAd, and the resultant OAd tumor-specific binding shows strong efficacy and mitigates toxicity. In this study, we applied this strategy based on adenovirus library screening system for generation of CD133-targeted OAd, and examined their oncolytic activity against colorectal cancer (CRC) in vitro and in vivo. CD133 (Prominin-1) is an important cell surface marker of cancer stem (like) cells (CSCs) in various cancers, including CRC. Elimination of CSCs has a high likelihood to improve CRC treatment because CSCs population in the tumor contributes to recurrence, metastases, chemotherapy resistance, and poor survival. The OAd with CD133-targeting motif (AdML-TYML) selectively infected CD133+ cultured cells and lysed them efficiently. Treatment with AdML-TYML prior to tumor inoculation inhibited the establishment of tumor of CD133+ CRC cell lines in nude mice. AdML-TYML also showed strong antitumor effect after intratumoral injections in already established CD133+ CRC subcutaneous xenografts. Our results indicate that CD133-targeted OAd selectively infected CD133+ CRC, and exhibited anti-tumorigenicity and therapeutic effect in established tumors. This novel infectivity selective virus could be a potent tool for the prevention of metastases and relapses in CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshiaki Miura
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jing Li Huang
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Kari Jacobsen
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Julia Davydova
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Masato Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang Q, Feng M, Ma X, Li H, Xie W. Gene expression profile comparison between colorectal cancer and adjacent normal tissues. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:6071-6078. [PMID: 29113248 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to compare gene expression profiles between colorectal cancer and adjacent normal tissues, and to perform a preliminarily analysis of the key genes and underlying molecular mechanisms implicated in colorectal cancer development. Gene expression microarray chips were used to screen genes that were differently expressed between colorectal cancer and adjacent normal tissues. Approximately 1,183 genes were differentially expressed in cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues (P≤0.05; fold difference, >2.0), of which 570 genes were upregulated and 613 genes were downregulated. In total, 6 upregulated genes, including keratin 23, collagen type X α1, collagen type XI α1, cell migration-inducing hyaluronan-binding protein, transforming growth factor-β1 and V-Myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog, and 2 downregulated genes, including channel α subunit 7 and EPH receptor A7, were selected and validated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, which exhibited results that were consistent with the microarray analysis. These 1,183 differentially expressed genes were further classified into 71 groups based on their functions using gene ontology and pathway analyses. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis of these upregulated or downregulated genes suggested that 23 signaling pathways were involved. The present study preliminarily screened for and identified key genes and signaling pathways that may be closely associated with colorectal cancer development. However, subsequent gene function studies are required to verify these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Maohui Feng
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Huachi Li
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xie
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rozeik MS, Hammam OA, Ali AI, Magdy M, Khalil H, Anas A, Abo El Hassan AA, Rahim AA, El-Shabasy AI. Evaluation of CD44 and CD133 as markers of liver cancer stem cells in Egyptian patients with HCV-induced chronic liver diseases versus hepatocellular carcinoma. Electron Physician 2017; 9:4708-4717. [PMID: 28894525 PMCID: PMC5586983 DOI: 10.19082/4708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a critical role in tumor development, progression, metastasis and recurrence. Aim To evaluate hepatic expression of CD44 and CD133 in Egyptian patients with HCV-induced chronic liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), and to assess its correlation with inflammatory activity scores, stages of fibrosis (in chronic hepatitis with or without cirrhosis) and grades of HCC. Methods This prospective case-control study was conducted on eighty subjects who attended the Tropical Diseases Department, Al-Azhar University Hospital, and in collaboration with Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (2014–2016). They were divided as follows: A) Control healthy group: Ten individuals with serologically negative HCV-Ab and HBsAg, and histopathologically normal liver, B) Seventy patients subdivided into 3 groups; Twenty subjects each, as: HCV-Ab+ non-cirrhotic, HCV-Ab+ cirrhotic and HCC. Necroinflammatory activity and fibrosis in non-neoplastic liver biopsies were scored according to the METAVIR scoring system. CD44 and CD133 immunostaining was evaluated in all groups semi-quantitatively using H score. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS version 22, using independent-samples t-test. Results Our study showed a significant increase of mean CD44 & CD133 expression values with disease progression among the groups (p<0.05). Their expressions increased significantly with the inflammatory activity scores and stages of fibrosis, reaching the highest values in A3F4 score compared to A1F1 (p<0.05). Moreover, there was a significant increase of their expressions across HCC grades (p<0.05), however with no significant correlation with focal lesions size. Conclusion CSCs clusters exhibiting CD133+ and/or CD44+ profiles were identified in chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and HCC. CD133 and CD44 expressions significantly corresponded to the increased inflammatory activity, fibrosis stages and higher tumor grades. Therefore, evaluation of CD44 and CD133 expression profiles as CSCs markers in non-neoplastic liver and HCCs can help in development of novel therapeutic agents for HCC targeting and prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Saeed Rozeik
- M.D., Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Olfat Ali Hammam
- M.D., Pathology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ali Ibrahim Ali
- M.D., Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona Magdy
- M.D., Pathology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba Khalil
- M.D., Pathology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amgad Anas
- M.D., Tropical Medicine Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Ali Abdel Rahim
- M.D., Tropical Medicine Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tumor-selective lipopolyplex encapsulated small active RNA hampers colorectal cancer growth in vitro and in orthotopic murine. Biomaterials 2017; 141:13-28. [PMID: 28666099 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Small active RNA (saRNA)-induced gene activation (RNAa) is a novel strategy to treat cancer. Our previous work proved that the p21-saRNA-322 successfully hindered colorectal cancer growth by activating p21 gene. However, the barrier for successful saRNA therapy is lack of efficient drug delivery. In the present study, a rectal delivery system entitled p21-saRNA-322 encapsulated tumor-selective lipopolyplex (TSLPP-p21-saRNA-322) which consist of PEI/p21-saRNA-322 polyplex core and hyaluronan (HA) modulated lipid shell was developed to treat colorectal cancer. Our results showed that this system maintained at the rectum for more than 6 h and preferentially accumulated at tumor site. CD44 knock down experiment instructed that the superb cellular uptake of TSLPP-p21-saRNA-322 attributed to HA-CD44 recognition. An orthotopic model of bio-luminescence human colorectal cancer in mice was developed using microsurgery and TSLPP-p21-saRNA-322 demonstrated a superior antitumor efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Our results provide preclinical proof-of-concept for a novel method to treat colorectal cancer by rectal administration of TSLPP formulated p21-saRNA-322.
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Glycans are essential for the maintenance of normal biological function, with alterations in glycan expression being a hallmark of cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subset of cells within a tumour capable of self-renewal, cellular differentiation and resistances to conventional therapies. As is the case with stem cells, marker proteins present on the cell surface are frequently used to identify and enrich CSCs, with the expression of these markers statistical correlating with the likelihood of cancer recurrence and overall patient survival. As such CSC markers are of high clinical relevance. The majority of markers currently used to identify CSC populations are glycoproteins, and although the diverse biological roles for many of these markers are known, the nature and function of the glycan moiety on these glycoproteins remains to be fully elucidated. This mini-review summarises our current knowledge regarding the types and extent of CSC marker glycosylation, and the various roles that these glycans play in CSC biology, including in mediating cell adhesion, metastasis, evading apoptosis, tear shear resistance, tumour growth, maintaining pluripotency, self-renewal, trafficking, maintaining stability, maintaining enzymatic activity and aiding epithelial mesenchymal transitioning. Given that CSCs markers have multiple diverse biological functions, and are potentially of significant diagnostic and therapeutic benefit the search for new markers that are uniquely expressed on CSCs is vital to selectively target/identify this subset of cancer cells. As such we have also outlined how high-throughput lectin microarrays can be used to successfully profile the glycosylation status of CSC and to identify glyco-markers unique to CSCs.
Collapse
|
21
|
Sato-Dahlman M, Miura Y, Huang JL, Hajeri P, Jacobsen K, Davydova J, Yamamoto M. CD133-targeted oncolytic adenovirus demonstrates anti-tumor effect in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:76044-76056. [PMID: 29100290 PMCID: PMC5652684 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic Adenoviruses (OAds) are one of the most promising anti-cancer agents that can induce cancer specific cell death. Recently, we generated infectivity-selective OAd, and the resultant OAd tumor-specific binding shows strong efficacy and mitigates toxicity. In this study, we applied this strategy based on adenovirus library screening system for generation of CD133-targeted OAd, and examined their oncolytic activity against colorectal cancer (CRC) in vitro and in vivo. CD133 (Prominin-1) is an important cell surface marker of cancer stem (like) cells (CSCs) in various cancers, including CRC. Elimination of CSCs has a high likelihood to improve CRC treatment because CSCs population in the tumor contributes to recurrence, metastases, chemotherapy resistance, and poor survival. The OAd with CD133-targeting motif (AdML-TYML) selectively infected CD133+ cultured cells and lysed them efficiently. Treatment with AdML-TYML prior to tumor inoculation inhibited the establishment of tumor of CD133+ CRC cell lines in nude mice. AdML-TYML also showed strong antitumor effect after intratumoral injections in already established CD133+ CRC subcutaneous xenografts. Our results indicate that CD133-targeted OAd selectively infected CD133+ CRC, and exhibited anti-tumorigenicity and therapeutic effect in established tumors. This novel infectivity selective virus could be a potent tool for the prevention of metastases and relapses in CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshiaki Miura
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jing Li Huang
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Kari Jacobsen
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Julia Davydova
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Masato Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang J, Mao T, Wang S, Wang D, Niu Z, Sun Z, Zhang J. Interleukin-35 expression is associated with colon cancer progression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:71563-71573. [PMID: 29069729 PMCID: PMC5641072 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer development is closely related to inflammation. Thus, we conducted the present investigation to study the effects of IL-35 (Interleukin 35), a newly identified anti-inflammatory factor, on colon cancer development. We first evaluated the IL-35 expression in 186 pairs of colon cancer samples and paired adjacent normal tissues by qPCR, ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunoassay) and tissue microarrays. Then the role of IL-35 on patient survival rates, colon cancer progression and their sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs were assessed. IL-35 was barely expressed in the colon cancer tissue but highly expressed in the adjacent normal tissue. The down-regulation of IL-35 was significantly associated with the AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) stage, nodal involvement, invasion depth, distant metastasis, differentiation and it was also shown to be an independent prognostic indicator of both disease-free and overall survivals for colon cancer patients. Overexpression of IL-35 in colon cancer cell suppressed cell migration, invasion, proliferation, colony formation and cancer stem cells through suppressing β-catenin. IL-35 inhibited colon tumor formation in the mice model and sensitize the cancer cell to chemotherapy drugs. Our results showed that IL-35 shows an inhibitory effect in colon cancer development and is a novel prognostic indicator. Therefore, IL-35 might be a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Tao Mao
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Shuyun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Zhaojian Niu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Zhenqing Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Jianli Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cidado J, Wong HY, Rosen DM, Cimino-Mathews A, Garay JP, Fessler AG, Rasheed ZA, Hicks J, Cochran RL, Croessmann S, Zabransky DJ, Mohseni M, Beaver JA, Chu D, Cravero K, Christenson ES, Medford A, Mattox A, De Marzo AM, Argani P, Chawla A, Hurley PJ, Lauring J, Park BH. Ki-67 is required for maintenance of cancer stem cells but not cell proliferation. Oncotarget 2017; 7:6281-93. [PMID: 26823390 PMCID: PMC4868756 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ki-67 expression is correlated with cell proliferation and is a prognostic marker for various cancers; however, its function is unknown. Here we demonstrate that genetic disruption of Ki-67 in human epithelial breast and colon cancer cells depletes the cancer stem cell niche. Ki-67 null cells had a proliferative disadvantage compared to wildtype controls in colony formation assays and displayed increased sensitivity to various chemotherapies. Ki-67 null cancer cells showed decreased and delayed tumor formation in xenograft assays, which was associated with a reduction in cancer stem cell markers. Immunohistochemical analyses of human breast cancers revealed that Ki-67 expression is maintained at equivalent or greater levels in metastatic sites of disease compared to matched primary tumors, suggesting that maintenance of Ki-67 expression is associated with metastatic/clonogenic potential. These results elucidate Ki-67's role in maintaining the cancer stem cell niche, which has potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications for human malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Cidado
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Present address: Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Hong Yuen Wong
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - D Marc Rosen
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ashley Cimino-Mathews
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph P Garay
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abigail G Fessler
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zeshaan A Rasheed
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jessica Hicks
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rory L Cochran
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sarah Croessmann
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel J Zabransky
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Morassa Mohseni
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Present address: Roche Sequencing, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Julia A Beaver
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Chu
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Karen Cravero
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric S Christenson
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arielle Medford
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Austin Mattox
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Angelo M De Marzo
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pedram Argani
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ajay Chawla
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Departments of Physiology and Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paula J Hurley
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Josh Lauring
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ben Ho Park
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Whiting School of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ismaiel NEHS, Sharaf WM, Helmy DO, Zaki MM, Badawi MA, Soliman ASA. Detection of Cancer Stem Cells in Colorectal Cancer: Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2016; 4:543-547. [PMID: 28028388 PMCID: PMC5175496 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2016.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence supports the notion that the onset of tumorigenesis could occur through cancer stem cells (CSCs). These tumour cells show low proliferative rates, high self-renewal capacity, propensity to differentiate into active proliferating tumour cells & resistance to chemoradiotherapy thus, possibly causing local recurrences & metastasis formation. CD44 has been used as a marker to isolate CSCs from colorectal carcinoma (CRC). AIM To investigate the immunohistochemical expression of cancer stem cells marker (CD44) in CRC and correlate its expression with the clinicopathological aspects, TNM staging and modified Dukes' classification. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tumour biopsies from colectomy specimens of 60 patients with CRC were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for histological evaluation then immunostained with monoclonal antibodies against CD44 which was detected in term of negative or positive expression. RESULTS CD44 was demonstrated in 58.3% (35/60) of cases and showed statistically significant correlation with tumour site and histological type (p-value < 0.05). However, CD44 showed statistically insignificant inverse correlation with tumour invasiveness (T), lymph node status (N), grade, TNM stage grouping and modified Dukes' classification, while it was directly correlated with distant metastasis (M) (p-value > 0.05). Chi-square /Fisher exact test proportion independence and the p-value are set significant at 0.05 level. CONCLUSION the CD44 rate of expression is higher in the colon than rectum and in adenocarcinoma than mucinous and undifferentiated carcinoma. CD44 showed statistically insignificant relation with T, N, M, grade, TNM stage grouping and modified Dukes' classification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Walid M Sharaf
- Pathology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina O Helmy
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona M Zaki
- Pathology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal A Badawi
- Pathology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Prognostic Significance of CD44v6, CD133, CD166, and ALDH1 Expression in Small Intestinal Adenocarcinoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2016; 23:682-8. [PMID: 25710579 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small intestinal adenocarcinoma (SIAC) is a rare human malignant tumor. According to the cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis, only a small subpopulation of tumor cells has the ability to initiate and increase tumor growth. CD44v6, CD133, CD166, and ALDH1 have been proposed to be putative CSC markers in gastrointestinal malignancies. However, their implications in SIAC still remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the expressions of CD44v6, CD133, CD166, and ALDH1 and evaluate their relationships with clinicopathologic parameters including the survival data in SIACs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis for CD44, CD133, CD166, and ALDH1 was performed using tissue microarrays for 191 surgically resected SIACs. RESULTS CD44v6, CD133, CD166, and ALDH1 expression was found in 25 (13.5%), 58 (30.7%), 82 (44.1%), and 63 (33.3%) cases, respectively. CD44v6(+) was correlated with vascular tumor invasion (P=0.023). CD133(+) was marginally correlated with the histologic subtype of the tumors (P=0.085). Combined CD44v6(+)/CD133(+) was observed in 11 (5.9%) and was associated with a significantly worse survival rate by univariate (P=0.016) and multivariate (P=0.048; Cox hazard ratio, 2.403) analyses. . CONCLUSIONS Evaluation of the combined CD133 and CD44v6 expression could be a useful tool for predicting a poor outcome in patients with SIAC.
Collapse
|
26
|
Sun JH, Luo Q, Liu LL, Song GB. Liver cancer stem cell markers: Progression and therapeutic implications. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:3547-3557. [PMID: 27053846 PMCID: PMC4814640 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i13.3547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subpopulation in cancer, have been proposed to be cancer-initiating cells, and have been shown to be responsible for chemotherapy resistance and cancer recurrence. The identification of CSC subpopulations inside a tumor presents a new understanding of cancer development because it implies that tumors can only be eradicated by targeting CSCs. Although advances in liver cancer detection and treatment have increased the possibility of curing the disease at early stages, unfortunately, most patients will relapse and succumb to their disease. Strategies aimed at efficiently targeting liver CSCs are becoming important for monitoring the progress of liver cancer therapy and for evaluating new therapeutic approaches. Herein, we provide a critical discussion of biological markers described in the literature regarding liver cancer stem cells and the potential of these markers to serve as therapeutic targets.
Collapse
|
27
|
Li G, Wang Z, Xu J, Wu H, Cai S, He Y. The prognostic value of lactate dehydrogenase levels in colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:249. [PMID: 27016045 PMCID: PMC4807548 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic value of lactate dehydrogenase levels in the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients has been assessed for years, although the results remain controversial and heterogeneous. Thus, we comprehensively reviewed the evidence from studies that evaluated lactate dehydrogenase levels in colorectal cancer patients to determine their effect. METHODS The following databases were searched in September 2014 to identify studies that evaluated the prognostic value of lactate dehydrogenase levels in colorectal cancer: PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. We extracted hazard ratios (HRs) and the associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from the identified studies, and performed random-effects model meta-analyses on the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Thirty-two studies with a cumulative sample size of 8,261 patients were included in our analysis. RESULTS Our meta-analyses revealed that high levels of lactate dehydrogenase were associated with poor OS (HR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.52-2.02) in colorectal cancer patients. However, this effect was not obvious in the OS of non-metastatic colorectal cancer patients (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.79-1.86). The prognostic value of lactate dehydrogenase levels on PFS was also not confirmed (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.98-1.87). Subgroup analyses revealed that the prognostic significance of lactate dehydrogenase was independent of study location, patient age, number of patients, metastasis, chemotherapy with anti-angiogenesis drugs, study type, or risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that high lactate dehydrogenase levels are associated with poor OS among colorectal cancer patients, although these levels are not significant predictors of PFS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanghua Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianbo Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Shirong Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Yulong He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Vilchez V, Turcios L, Zaytseva Y, Stewart R, Lee EY, Maynard E, Shah MB, Daily MF, Tzeng CWD, Davenport D, Castellanos AL, Krohmer S, Hosein PJ, Evers BM, Gedaly R. Cancer stem cell marker expression alone and in combination with microvascular invasion predicts poor prognosis in patients undergoing transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Surg 2016; 212:238-45. [PMID: 27033253 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cancer stem cell hypothesis provides an explanation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) heterogeneity. We investigated the expression of CD44 and CD133 alone and in combination with microvascular invasion (MVI) as predictors of prognosis in patients undergoing liver transplantation for HCC. METHODS Explanted livers from 95 patients transplanted for HCC were analyzed. Marker expression was evaluated by immunofluorescence. RESULTS Seventy-seven patients were male with a mean age of 56 years. The most common etiologies of cirrhosis were hepatitis C (50%) and alcoholic liver disease (41%). Forty-one patients had laboratory model for end-stage liver disease score greater than 15. Overall survival (OS) at 1-, 3-, and 5-years was 86%, 75%, and 64%, respectively. Recurrence rate was 13% with a median follow-up of 64 months. The 5-year OS was significantly lower in those patients with MVI and CD44 (36.9%) or CD133 (40%). CD44(+) and CD133(+) correlated with increased risk of poorly differentiated HCC, and elevated alpha-fetoprotein levels. In combination with MVI, both markers were independently associated with increased recurrence and worse OS (recurrence P < .003, odds ratio = 8.05; P = .001, odds ratio = 9.5, survival P = .001, HR = 3.7; P = .004, HR = 3.2 respectively). CONCLUSIONS CD44 or CD133 alone and in combination with MVI are independent predictors of poor prognosis in patients undergoing transplantation for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valery Vilchez
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lilia Turcios
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Rachel Stewart
- Markey Cancer Center - University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Eun Y Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Erin Maynard
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Malay B Shah
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Michael F Daily
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Daniel Davenport
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Steven Krohmer
- Department of Radiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Peter J Hosein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Bernard Mark Evers
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Markey Cancer Center - University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Roberto Gedaly
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bi Y, Meng Y, Wu H, Cui Q, Luo Y, Xue X. Expression of the potential cancer stem cell markers CD133 and CD44 in medullary thyroid carcinoma: A ten-year follow-up and prognostic analysis. J Surg Oncol 2016; 113:144-51. [PMID: 26799258 DOI: 10.1002/jso.24124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To investigate the expression profiles of cancer stem cells (CSCs) markers CD133 and CD44 in a cohort of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) patients, and their prognostic values during 10-year follow-up. METHODS MTC samples were obtained for H&E and immunohistochemical analysis. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. RESULTS Both the CD133 and CD44 positives were higher in MTC than control. High expression of CD133 and CD44 was positively correlated with capsule invasion and each other, and their co-expression was significantly correlated with capsule invasion, tissue invasion, and metastases at surgery. Tumor size, capsular invasion, tissue invasion, metastases at surgery, surgical plan, lymph node metastases, TNM stage, CD133, and CD44 were prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and/or disease free survival (DFS). Both the CD133 and CD44 were unfavorable prognostic predictors for OS (P = 0.046, P = 0.03), while only CD44 was a significant predictor for DFS (P = 0.017). OS rate in CD133/CD44 co-expression group was significantly lower than that in non-co-expression group (χ(2) = 8.44, P = 0.004). CONCLUSION Our study suggested the high expression of CD133 and CD44 in the MTC, and CD133 and CD44 expressions were correlated with capsule invasion and with OS. CD133 and/or CD44 may be prognostic factors for OS and/or DFS in our MTC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Bi
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yunxiao Meng
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huanwen Wu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Quancai Cui
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yufeng Luo
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Xue
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chung S, Dwabe S, Elshimali Y, Sukhija H, Aroh C, Vadgama JV. Identification of Novel Biomarkers for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Using Angiogenesis-Antibody Array and Intracellular Signaling Array. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134948. [PMID: 26258407 PMCID: PMC4530953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the three leading causes for cancer mortality. CRC kills over 600,000 people annually worldwide. The most common cause of death from CRC is the metastasis to distant organs. However, biomarkers for CRC metastasis remain ill-defined. We compared primary and metastatic CRC cell lines for their angiogenesis-protein profiles and intracellular signaling profiles to identify novel biomarkers for CRC metastasis. To this end, we used primary and metastatic CRC cell lines as a model system and normal human colon cell line as a control. The angiogenesis profiles two isogenic CRC cell lines, SW480 and SW620, and HT-29 and T84 revealed that VEGF was upregulated in both SW620 and T84 whereas coagulation factor III, IGFBP-3, DPP IV, PDGF AA/AB, endothelin I and CXCL16 were downregulated specifically in metastatic cell lines. Furthermore, we found that TIMP-1, amphiregulin, endostatin, angiogenin were upregulated in SW620 whereas downregulated in T84. Angiogenin was downregulated in T84 and GM-CSF was also downregulated in SW620. To induce CRC cell metastasis, we treated cells with pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6. Upon IL-6 treatment, epithelial-mesenchymal transition was induced in CRC cells. When DLD-1 and HT-29 cells were treated with IL-6; Akt, STAT3, AMPKα and Bad phosphorylation levels were increased. Interestingly, SW620 showed the same signal activation pattern with IL-6 treatment of HT-29 and DLD-1. Our data suggest that Akt, STAT3, AMPKα and Bad activation can be biomarkers for metastatic colorectal cancer. IL-6 treatment specifically reduced phosphorylation levels of EGFR, HER2 receptor, Insulin R and IGF-1R in receptor tyrosine kinase array study with HT-29. Taken together, we have identified novel biomarkers for metastatic CRC through the angiogenesis-antibody array and intracellular signaling array studies. Present study suggests that those novel biomarkers can be used as CRC prognosis biomarkers, and as potential targets for the metastatic CRC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyung Chung
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 120 street, Los Angeles, California, 90059, United States of America
| | - Sami Dwabe
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 120 street, Los Angeles, California, 90059, United States of America
| | - Yayha Elshimali
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 120 street, Los Angeles, California, 90059, United States of America
| | - Hemlata Sukhija
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 120 street, Los Angeles, California, 90059, United States of America
| | - Clement Aroh
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 120 street, Los Angeles, California, 90059, United States of America
| | - Jaydutt V. Vadgama
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 120 street, Los Angeles, California, 90059, United States of America
- David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Erstad DJ, Tumusiime G, Cusack JC. Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer: Implications for the Clinical Surgeon. Ann Surg Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-015-4706-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
32
|
Hong I, Hong SW, Chang YG, Lee WY, Lee B, Kang YK, Kim YS, Paik IW, Lee H. Expression of the Cancer Stem Cell Markers CD44 and CD133 in Colorectal Cancer: An Immunohistochemical Staining Analysis. Ann Coloproctol 2015; 31:84-91. [PMID: 26161375 PMCID: PMC4496458 DOI: 10.3393/ac.2015.31.3.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to assess the expressions of CD44 and CD133 in colorectal cancer tissue by using immunohistochemical staining and to analyze the clinical significance of the expressions related to other clinicopathological data and survival results. Methods One hundred sixty-two patients with a biopsy-proven colorectal adenocarcinoma who were operated on between January 1998 and August 2004 were enrolled in this study. Immunohistochemical staining for CD44 and CD133 was performed on primary colorectal cancer tissue, metastatic lymph nodes, and synchronous and metachronous metastatic tumor tissues if available. Results CD44 expression was stronger in the primary tumor than in metastatic lymph nodes (P < 0.001), and CD133 expression tended to be stronger in primary tumor than in metastatic lymph nodes (P = 0.057). No significant correlation was found between the CD44 and the CD133 expressions. The cases with recurrence showed low expression of CD44 (P = 0.017). CD133 expression was lower in cases with elevated CA 19-9 serum levels (P = 0.028) and advanced T stage (P = 0.038). Multivariate analysis proved that low expression of CD44 was an independent prognosis factor for short disease-free survival (P = 0.028). Conclusion Low CD44 expression was correlated with increased tumor recurrence and short disease-free survival, and low CD133 expression was associated with advanced tumor stage. We suggest that further studies be performed to evaluate whether the immunohistochemical method for determining the CD44 and the CD133 expressions is appropriate for exploring cancer stem-cell biology in patients with colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Injae Hong
- Department of Surgery, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Woo Hong
- Department of Surgery, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeo Goo Chang
- Department of Surgery, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Yong Lee
- Department of Surgery, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byungmo Lee
- Department of Surgery, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Kang
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - You Sun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Wook Paik
- Department of Surgery, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyucksang Lee
- Department of Surgery, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bostad M, Olsen CE, Peng Q, Berg K, Høgset A, Selbo PK. Light-controlled endosomal escape of the novel CD133-targeting immunotoxin AC133-saporin by photochemical internalization - A minimally invasive cancer stem cell-targeting strategy. J Control Release 2015; 206:37-48. [PMID: 25758331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The cancer stem cell (CSC) marker CD133 is an attractive target to improve antitumor therapy. We have used photochemical internalization (PCI) for the endosomal escape of the novel CD133-targeting immunotoxin AC133-saporin (PCIAC133-saporin). PCI employs an endocytic vesicle-localizing photosensitizer, which generates reactive oxygen species upon light-activation causing a rupture of the vesicle membranes and endosomal escape of entrapped drugs. Here we show that AC133-saporin co-localizes with the PCI-photosensitizer TPCS2a, which upon light exposure induces cytosolic release of AC133-saporin. PCI of picomolar levels of AC133-saporin in colorectal adenocarcinoma WiDr cells blocked cell proliferation and induced 100% inhibition of cell viability and colony forming ability at the highest light doses, whereas no cytotoxicity was obtained in the absence of light. Efficient PCI-based CD133-targeting was in addition demonstrated in the stem-cell-like, triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and in the aggressive malignant melanoma cell line FEMX-1, whereas no enhanced targeting was obtained in the CD133-negative breast cancer cell line MCF-7. PCIAC133-saporin induced mainly necrosis and a minimal apoptotic response based on assessing cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP, and the TUNEL assay. PCIAC133-saporin resulted in S phase arrest and reduced LC3-II conversion compared to control treatments. Notably, co-treatment with Bafilomycin A1 and PCIAC133-saporin blocked LC3-II conversion, indicating a termination of the autophagic flux in WiDr cells. For the first time, we demonstrate laser-controlled targeting of CD133 in vivo. After only one systemic injection of AC133-saporin and TPCS2a, a strong anti-tumor response was observed after PCIAC133-saporin. The present PCI-based endosomal escape technology represents a minimally invasive strategy for spatio-temporal, light-controlled targeting of CD133+ cells in localized primary tumors or metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Bostad
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Cancer Stem Cell Innovation Center (SFI-CAST), Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Elisabeth Olsen
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Cancer Stem Cell Innovation Center (SFI-CAST), Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Qian Peng
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Berg
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Høgset
- Cancer Stem Cell Innovation Center (SFI-CAST), Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; PCI Biotech AS, Lysaker, Norway
| | - Pål Kristian Selbo
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Cancer Stem Cell Innovation Center (SFI-CAST), Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jing F, Kim HJ, Kim CH, Kim YJ, Lee JH, Kim HR. Colon cancer stem cell markers CD44 and CD133 in patients with colorectal cancer and synchronous hepatic metastases. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:1582-8. [PMID: 25625240 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CD44 and CD133 mRNA expression as cancer stem cell markers in colorectal cancer were correlated with synchronous hepatic metastases and the clinicopathological factors, including patient survival. The CD44 and CD133 mRNA levels in 36 primary colorectal adenocarcinomas with synchronous hepatic metastasis were analyzed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, with normalization relative to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on samples with typical mRNA expression patterns to investigate protein expression. Both CD44 and CD133 gene expressions were highest in hepatic metastasis tissue, followed by colorectal cancer and normal mucosa. The differences were statistically significant among groups of normal mucosa, colorectal cancer and hepatic metastasis tissue. CD44 mRNA expression was significantly associated with the tumor location (P=0.019) and histology (P=0.026). With a median follow-up period of 38 months, the 5-year disease-free survival rate of the patients with high CD44 mRNA expression in the CD44 hepatic metastasis tissue group was significantly lower than that of the patients with low expression (P=0.002). While the mRNA expressions in groups of CD44 colorectal tumor, CD133 colorectal tumor, and CD133 hepatic metastasis tissue were not significant. CD44 and CD133 mRNA were highly correlatively co-expressed in colorectal cancer with hepatic metastases. CD44 expression was an independent factor associated with patient survival, while CD133 did not show this pattern. Thus, CD44 is a more reliable marker for predicting hepatic metastases and survival. Larger prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feifeng Jing
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Jin Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyuk Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Rok Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lieto E, Galizia G, Orditura M, Romano C, Zamboli A, Castellano P, Mabilia A, Auricchio A, DE Vita F, Gemei M. CD26-positive/CD326-negative circulating cancer cells as prognostic markers for colorectal cancer recurrence. Oncol Lett 2014; 9:542-550. [PMID: 25624884 PMCID: PMC4301532 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the presence and clinical relevance of a cluster of differentiation (CD)26+/CD326- subset of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in pre- and post-operative blood samples of colorectal cancer patients, who had undergone curative or palliative intervention, in order to find a novel prognostic factor for patient management and follow-up. In total, 80 colorectal cancer patients, along with 25 healthy volunteers were included. The easily transferable methodology of flow cytometry, along with multiparametric antibody staining were used to selectively evaluate CD26+/CD326- CTCs in the peripheral blood samples of colorectal cancer patients. The multiparametric selection allowed any enrichment methods to be avoided thus rendering the whole procedure suitable for clinical routine. The presence of CD26+/CD326- cells was higher in advanced Dukes' stages and was significantly associated with poor survival and high recurrence rates. Relapsing and non-surviving patients showed the highest number of CD26+/CD326- CTCs. High pre-operative levels of CD26+/CD326- CTCs correctly predicted tumor relapse in 44.4% of the cases, while 69% of post-operative CD26+/CD326- CTC-positive patients experienced cancer recurrence, with a test accuracy of 88.8%. By contrast, post-operative CD26+/CD326- CTC-negative patients showed an increase in the three-year progression-free survival rate of 86%, along with a reduced risk of tumor relapse of >90%. In conclusion, CD26+/CD326- CTCs are an independent prognostic factor for tumor recurrence rate in multivariate analysis, suggesting that their evaluation could be an additional factor for colorectal cancer recurrence risk evaluation in patient management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Lieto
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Anesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples School of Medicine, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Gennaro Galizia
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Anesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples School of Medicine, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Michele Orditura
- Division of Medical Oncology, 'F. Magrassi-A. Lanzara' Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Second University of Naples School of Medicine, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Ciro Romano
- Division of Internal Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Second University of Naples School of Medicine, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Anna Zamboli
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Anesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples School of Medicine, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Paolo Castellano
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Anesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples School of Medicine, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Andrea Mabilia
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Anesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples School of Medicine, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Annamaria Auricchio
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Anesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples School of Medicine, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Ferdinando DE Vita
- Division of Medical Oncology, 'F. Magrassi-A. Lanzara' Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Second University of Naples School of Medicine, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Marica Gemei
- Center for Genetic Engineering, Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples I-80145, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zheng NG, Mo SJ, Li JP, Wu JL. Anti-CSC Effects in Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Eca109/9706 Cells Induced by Nanoliposomal Quercetin Alone or Combined with CD 133 Antiserum. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:8679-84. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.20.8679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
37
|
Prognostic significance of CD44 variant 2 upregulation in colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:365-74. [PMID: 24921913 PMCID: PMC4102936 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: CD133 and CD44 are putative cancer stem cell (CSC) markers in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, their clinical significance is currently unclear. Here, we evaluated primary CRC cell isolates to determine the significance of several CSC markers, including CD133 and CD44, as predictors of tumourigenesis and prognosis. Methods: CD133- and CD44-positive cells from fresh clinical samples of 77 CRCs were selected by flow cytometric sorting and evaluated for tumourigenicity following subcutaneous transplantation into NOD/SCID mice. Cancer stem cell marker expression was examined in both xenografts and a complementary DNA library compiled from 167 CRC patient samples. Results: CD44+, CD133+ and CD133+CD44+ sub-populations were significantly more tumourigenic than the total cell population. The clinical samples expressed several transcript variants of CD44. Variant 2 was specifically overexpressed in both primary tumours and xenografts in comparison with the normal mucosa. A prognostic assay using qRT–PCR showed that the CD44v2high group (n=84, 5-year survival rate (5-OS): 0.74) had a significantly worse prognosis (P=0.041) than the CD44v2low group (n=83, 5-OS: 0.88). Conclusions: CD44 is an important CSC marker in CRC patients. Furthermore, CRC patients with high expression of CD44v2 have a poorer prognosis than patients with other CD44 variants.
Collapse
|
38
|
Hou YC, Chao YJ, Tung HL, Wang HC, Shan YS. Coexpression of CD44-positive/CD133-positive cancer stem cells and CD204-positive tumor-associated macrophages is a predictor of survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer 2014; 120:2766-77. [PMID: 24839953 PMCID: PMC4232049 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interactions between cancer stem cells (CSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) can promote tumor progression, maintain the CSCs population, and reduce therapeutic effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the coexpression of CSCs and TAMs and its clinical significance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). METHODS Ninety-six patients with PDAC were included in this study. Tissue microarrays were constructed for immunostaining of the CSCs markers CD44 and CD133 and the TAMs marker CD204. Correlations between the expression of CSCs and TAMs markers and clinicopathologic characteristics or disease progression were analyzed. RESULTS Expression levels of CD44/CD133 and CD204 were significantly higher in tumor tissues than in normal tissues (P < .0001). The variables associated with survival were high coexpression of CD44/CD133 (P = .000), high expression of CD204 (P = .011), and tumor grade (P = .014). There was a positive correlation between CD44/CD133 and CD204 expression (r = 0.294; P = .004). Survival analysis indicated that high coexpression of CD44/CD133 and CD204 was associated significantly with shorter overall survival (P = .000) and disease-free survival (P = .003). Multivariate analysis revealed that high CD44/CD133 expression was an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival, whereas high CD204 expression was an independent predictor for both overall and disease-free survival. CONCLUSIONS Coexpression of CD44/CD133 and CD204 is a useful survival prediction marker for patients with PDAC. Cancer 2014;120:2766–2777. © The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society. The clinical significance of pancreatic cancer stem cells and tumor-associated macrophages is explored in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The results clearly demonstrate that coexpression of 2 cancer stem cell markers (CD44 and CD133) and a tumor-associated macrophage marker (CD204) is a useful prognostic factor for predicting the survival of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma after surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chin Hou
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sahlberg SH, Spiegelberg D, Glimelius B, Stenerlöw B, Nestor M. Evaluation of cancer stem cell markers CD133, CD44, CD24: association with AKT isoforms and radiation resistance in colon cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94621. [PMID: 24760019 PMCID: PMC3997403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell surface proteins CD133, CD24 and CD44 are putative markers for cancer stem cell populations in colon cancer, associated with aggressive cancer types and poor prognosis. It is important to understand how these markers may predict treatment outcomes, determined by factors such as radioresistance. The scope of this study was to assess the connection between EGFR, CD133, CD24, and CD44 (including isoforms) expression levels and radiation sensitivity, and furthermore analyze the influence of AKT isoforms on the expression patterns of these markers, to better understand the underlying molecular mechanisms in the cell. Three colon cancer cell-lines were used, HT-29, DLD-1, and HCT116, together with DLD-1 isogenic AKT knock-out cell-lines. All three cell-lines (HT-29, HCT116 and DLD-1) expressed varying amounts of CD133, CD24 and CD44 and the top ten percent of CD133 and CD44 expressing cells (CD133high/CD44high) were more resistant to gamma radiation than the ten percent with lowest expression (CD133low/CD44low). The AKT expression was lower in the fraction of cells with low CD133/CD44. Depletion of AKT1 or AKT2 using knock out cells showed for the first time that CD133 expression was associated with AKT1 but not AKT2, whereas the CD44 expression was influenced by the presence of either AKT1 or AKT2. There were several genes in the cell adhesion pathway which had significantly higher expression in the AKT2 KO cell-line compared to the AKT1 KO cell-line; however important genes in the epithelial to mesenchymal transition pathway (CDH1, VIM, TWIST1, SNAI1, SNAI2, ZEB1, ZEB2, FN1, FOXC2 and CDH2) did not differ. Our results demonstrate that CD133high/CD44high expressing colon cancer cells are associated with AKT and increased radiation resistance, and that different AKT isoforms have varying effects on the expression of cancer stem cell markers, which is an important consideration when targeting AKT in a clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Häggblad Sahlberg
- Section of Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Diana Spiegelberg
- Section of Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bengt Glimelius
- Section of Oncology, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bo Stenerlöw
- Section of Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marika Nestor
- Section of Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Section of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Immunohistochemical detection of cancer stem cell related markers CD44 and CD133 in metastatic colorectal cancer patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:432139. [PMID: 24864242 PMCID: PMC4016925 DOI: 10.1155/2014/432139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Aim. The goal of this study was to semiquantitatively detect presence of cancer stem cells markers CD44 and CD133 in immunohistochemically stained paired samples of colorectal cancer (CRC) and colorectal liver metastases (CLM). Level of staining intensity was compared to clinical and pathological characteristics of tumors with the aim to identify impact of CD44 or CD133 expression on tumor behavior. Patients and Methods. Formalin fixed paraffin embedded samples from 94 patients with colorectal tumor and liver metastases were collected at Sikl's Department of Pathology. Samples were stained by antibodies against CD44 and CD133. Presence and intensity of staining was assessed semiquantitatively by three trained researchers. Results. Patients with higher level of CD133 staining in CRC had longer disease free interval (Cox-Mantel P = 0.0244), whereas we found no relation between CD44 expression and overall survival or disease free interval. CD133 expression in CRC and CLM differed based on CRC grading; in case of CD44 we found differences in staining intensity in individual stages of tumor lymph node invasion. Conclusion. Effect of cancer stem cell markers on prognosis of colorectal cancer can vary depending on pathological classification of tumor, and we have shown that CD133, generally considered to be a negative marker, can bear also clinically positive prognostic information in group of patients with colorectal liver metastases.
Collapse
|
41
|
Demir L, Ekinci N, Erten C, Somali I, Can A, Dirican A, Cokmert S, Bayoglu V, Akyol M, Kucukzeybek Y, Alacacioglu A, Tarhan MO. The impact of cell proliferation markers and p53 mutation status on prognosis of non-metastatic colon cancer. J Surg Oncol 2014; 109:665-75. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.23563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lutfiye Demir
- Department of Medical Oncology; Ataturk Training and Resarch Hospital; Katip Celebi University; Izmir Turkey
- Department of Basic Oncology; Institute of Oncology; Dokuz Eylul University Medical Faculty; Izmir Turkey
| | - Nese Ekinci
- Department of Pathology; Ataturk Training and Resarch Hospital; Katip Celebi University; Izmir Turkey
| | - Cigdem Erten
- Department of Medical Oncology; Ataturk Training and Resarch Hospital; Katip Celebi University; Izmir Turkey
| | - Isil Somali
- Department of Medical Oncology; Institute of Oncology; Dokuz Eylul University Medical Faculty; Izmir Turkey
| | - Alper Can
- Department of Medical Oncology; Ataturk Training and Resarch Hospital; Katip Celebi University; Izmir Turkey
| | - Ahmet Dirican
- Department of Medical Oncology; Ataturk Training and Resarch Hospital; Katip Celebi University; Izmir Turkey
| | - Suna Cokmert
- Department of Medical Oncology; Ataturk Training and Resarch Hospital; Katip Celebi University; Izmir Turkey
| | - Vedat Bayoglu
- Department of Medical Oncology; Ataturk Training and Resarch Hospital; Katip Celebi University; Izmir Turkey
| | - Murat Akyol
- Department of Medical Oncology; Ataturk Training and Resarch Hospital; Katip Celebi University; Izmir Turkey
| | - Yuksel Kucukzeybek
- Department of Medical Oncology; Ataturk Training and Resarch Hospital; Katip Celebi University; Izmir Turkey
| | - Ahmet Alacacioglu
- Department of Medical Oncology; Ataturk Training and Resarch Hospital; Katip Celebi University; Izmir Turkey
| | - Mustafa Oktay Tarhan
- Department of Medical Oncology; Ataturk Training and Resarch Hospital; Katip Celebi University; Izmir Turkey
- Department of Preventive Oncology; Institute of Oncology; Dokuz Eylul University Medical Faculty; Izmir Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Postoperative detection of circulating tumor cells predicts tumor recurrence in colorectal cancer patients. J Gastrointest Surg 2013; 17:1809-18. [PMID: 23813048 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-013-2258-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Circulating tumor cells are thought to play a crucial role in the development of distant metastases. Their detection in the blood of colorectal cancer patients may be linked to poor outcome, but current evidence is controversial. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pre- and postoperative flow cytometric analysis of blood samples was carried out in 76 colorectal cancer patients undergoing surgical resection. The EpCAM/CD326 epithelial surface antigen was used to identify circulating tumor cells. RESULTS Fifty-four (71%) patients showed circulating tumor cells preoperatively, and all metastatic patients showed high levels of circulating tumor cells. Surgical resection resulted in a significant decrease in the levels of circulating tumor cells. Among 69 patients undergoing radical surgery, 16 had high postoperative levels of circulating tumor cells, and 12 (75%) experienced tumor recurrence. High postoperative level of circulating tumor cells was the only independent variable related to cancer relapse. In patients without circulating tumor cells, the progression-free survival rate increased from 16 to 86%, with a reduction in the risk of tumor relapse greater than 90%. CONCLUSIONS High postoperative levels of circulating tumor cells accurately predicted tumor recurrence, suggesting that assessment of circulating tumor cells could optimize tailored management of colorectal cancer patients.
Collapse
|
43
|
Corbo C, Orrù S, Salvatore F. SRp20: an overview of its role in human diseases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 436:1-5. [PMID: 23685143 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Alternative splicing in mRNA maturation has emerged as a major field of study also because of its implications in various diseases. The SR proteins play an important role in the regulation of this process. Evidence indicates that SRp20 (SFSR3), the smallest member of the SR protein family, is involved in numerous biological processes. Here we review the state-of-the-art of knowledge about the SR proteins, in particular SRp20, in terms of its function and misregulation in human diseases including cancer also in view of its potential as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
|
44
|
Shi J, Zhou Z, Di W, Li N. Correlation of CD44v6 expression with ovarian cancer progression and recurrence. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:182. [PMID: 23565736 PMCID: PMC3635997 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previously some groups demonstrated that CD44 variant 6 (CD44v6) is correlated with progression and metastasis of ovarian cancer. However, a number of other groups failed to find such an association. Moreover, epithelial ovarian cancer is known to easily metastasize to distinct sites such as the pelvic and abdominal cavities, but the potential association of CD44v6 expression with site-specific metastasis of ovarian cancer has not been explored. This study sought to evaluate the expression of CD44 standard (CD44s) and CD44v6 in primary, metastatic and recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer to explore the potential association of CD44s and CD44v6 with tumor progression and recurrence. Methods Tumor specimens were procured from patients with advanced (FIGO III, G3) and recurrent ovarian serous adenocarcinoma. CD44s and CD44v6 expression in the tumor tissues was evaluated by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot. Moreover, serum soluble CD44s or CD44v6 concentrations of early stage (FIGO I, G1), advanced (FIGO III, G3) and recurrent ovarian serous adenocarcinoma patients were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). CD44v6 expression in a different set of tumor samples on an ovarian cancer tissue chip was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and the correlation of CD44v6 expression with clinicopathologic features was analyzed. Finally, the effects of knockdown of CD44v6 in SKOV3 cells on cell adhesion, invasion and migration were assessed. Results The expression of CD44v6, but not CD44s, is up-regulated in recurrent ovarian serous cancer compared to advanced primary tumor. CD44v6 expression is also preferentially increased in the tumor at the abdominal cavity metastasis site of advanced diseases. Consistently, serum soluble CD44v6 levels of recurrent ovarian cancer were higher than those of early stage and advanced primary diseases. The IHC data demonstrate that CD44v6 expression is correlated with clinicopathologic features and tumor progression. Lastly, knockdown of CD44v6 decreases the adhesion and migration but not invasion capacities of SKOV3 cells. Conclusions CD44v6 expression levels are associated with epithelial ovarian cancer progression, metastasis and relapse. Moreover, serum soluble CD44v6 may be used as a potential marker for identifying tumor relapse. Finally, CD44v6 may play a role in ovarian cancer metastasis by mediating tumor cell adhesion and migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shi
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Langan RC, Mullinax JE, Raiji MT, Upham T, Summers T, Stojadinovic A, Avital I. Colorectal cancer biomarkers and the potential role of cancer stem cells. J Cancer 2013; 4:241-50. [PMID: 23459666 PMCID: PMC3584837 DOI: 10.7150/jca.5832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 50% of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) will progress and/or develop metastases. Biomarkers capable of predicting progression, risk stratification and therapeutic benefit are needed. Cancer stem cells are thought to be responsible for tumor initiation, dissemination and treatment failure. Therefore, we hypothesized that CRC stem cell markers (CRCSC) can identify a group of patients whom are at increased risk for recurrence or progression of disease. If proven correct, these CRCSC biomarkers may herald a paradigm shift in the treatment of this deadly disease. This manuscript reviews current CRC evidence based screening modalities, patient stratification, and summarizes the current state of biomarkers and discusses the novel concept of putative CRCSC's as prognostic biomarkers.
Collapse
|
46
|
Hüttenhain R, Surinova S, Ossola R, Sun Z, Campbell D, Cerciello F, Schiess R, Bausch-Fluck D, Rosenberger G, Chen J, Rinner O, Kusebauch U, Hajdúch M, Moritz RL, Wollscheid B, Aebersold R. N-glycoprotein SRMAtlas: a resource of mass spectrometric assays for N-glycosites enabling consistent and multiplexed protein quantification for clinical applications. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:1005-16. [PMID: 23408683 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.o112.026617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein biomarkers have the potential to transform medicine as they are clinically used to diagnose diseases, stratify patients, and follow disease states. Even though a large number of potential biomarkers have been proposed over the past few years, almost none of them have been implemented so far in the clinic. One of the reasons for this limited success is the lack of technologies to validate proposed biomarker candidates in larger patient cohorts. This limitation could be alleviated by the use of antibody-independent validation methods such as selected reaction monitoring (SRM). Similar to measurements based on affinity reagents, SRM-based targeted mass spectrometry also requires the generation of definitive assays for each targeted analyte. Here, we present a library of SRM assays for 5568 N-glycosites enabling the multiplexed evaluation of clinically relevant N-glycoproteins as biomarker candidates. We demonstrate that this resource can be utilized to select SRM assay sets for cancer-associated N-glycoproteins for their subsequent multiplexed and consistent quantification in 120 human plasma samples. We show that N-glycoproteins spanning 5 orders of magnitude in abundance can be quantified and that previously reported abundance differences in various cancer types can be recapitulated. Together, the established N-glycoprotein SRMAtlas resource facilitates parallel, efficient, consistent, and sensitive evaluation of proposed biomarker candidates in large clinical sample cohorts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Hüttenhain
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Azizi
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Max S Wicha
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wang K, Xu J, Zhang J, Huang J. Prognostic role of CD133 expression in colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:573. [PMID: 23216926 PMCID: PMC3532409 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CD133 has been identified as a putative cancer stem cell marker in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the clinical and prognostic significance of CD133 in CRC remains controversial. Methods Publications were identified which assessed the clinical or prognostic significance of CD133 in CRC up to October 2012. A meta-analysis was performed to clarify the association between CD133 expression and clinical outcomes. Results A total of 12 studies met the inclusion criteria, and comprised 3652 cases. Analysis of these data showed that CD133 was not significantly associated with the depth of CRC invasion (odds ratio [OR] = 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.77–2.68, Z = 1.15, P = 0.252) or tumor differentiation (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.28–1.46, Z = −1.06, P = 0.286). Also, there was no statistically significant association of CD133 with lymph node metastasis (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.87–1.54, Z = 1.05, P = 0.315) or lymphatic invasion (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.81–1.43, Z = 0.53, P = 0.594). However, in identified studies, overexpression of CD133 was highly correlated with reduced overall survival (relative risk [RR] = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.45–3.17, Z = 3.81, P = 0.0001). Conclusions CD133 may play an important role in the progression of CRC, and overexpression of CD133 is closely related with poorer patient survival. If these findings are confirmed by well-designed prospective studies, CD133 may be a useful maker for clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Intervention, National Ministry of Education; Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Grosse-Gehling P, Fargeas CA, Dittfeld C, Garbe Y, Alison MR, Corbeil D, Kunz-Schughart LA. CD133 as a biomarker for putative cancer stem cells in solid tumours: limitations, problems and challenges. J Pathol 2012; 229:355-78. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Grosse-Gehling
- Tumor Pathophysiology, OncoRay, National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology; Dresden University of Technology; Fetscherstrasse 74; 01307; Dresden; Germany
| | - Christine A Fargeas
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories (BIOTEC) and DFG Research Center and Cluster of Excellence for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD); Dresden University of Technology; Fetscherstrasse 74; 01307; Dresden; Germany
| | - Claudia Dittfeld
- Tumor Pathophysiology, OncoRay, National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology; Dresden University of Technology; Fetscherstrasse 74; 01307; Dresden; Germany
| | - Yvette Garbe
- Tumor Pathophysiology, OncoRay, National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology; Dresden University of Technology; Fetscherstrasse 74; 01307; Dresden; Germany
| | - Malcolm R Alison
- Blizard Institute; Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; London; UK
| | - Denis Corbeil
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories (BIOTEC) and DFG Research Center and Cluster of Excellence for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD); Dresden University of Technology; Fetscherstrasse 74; 01307; Dresden; Germany
| | - Leoni A Kunz-Schughart
- Tumor Pathophysiology, OncoRay, National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology; Dresden University of Technology; Fetscherstrasse 74; 01307; Dresden; Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Gemei M, Mirabelli P, Di Noto R, Corbo C, Iaccarino A, Zamboli A, Troncone G, Galizia G, Lieto E, Del Vecchio L, Salvatore F. CD66c is a novel marker for colorectal cancer stem cell isolation, and its silencing halts tumor growth in vivo. Cancer 2012; 119:729-38. [PMID: 23027178 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.27794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the well recognized expression of the cell surface markers cluster of differentiation 44 (homing cell adhesion molecule) and CD133 (Prominin 1) on human colorectal cancer stem cells (CCSCs), these molecules do not appear to be effective targets for stem cell-directed therapies. Because the surface marker CD66c (also known as carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6) has demonstrated promise as a therapeutic target in pancreatic malignancy, the authors evaluated its potential as a target for stem cell-directed treatment of colorectal cancer. METHODS First, the authors characterized CD66c expression by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry in colon cancer samples and in normal colon tissues. Then, the coexpression of CD66c and CD133 was evaluated on putative CCSCs. CD66c expression also was measured in stem cell-enriched colon spheres. Finally, the effects of small-interfering RNA-mediated CD66c silencing on the in vitro and in vivo growth of Caco2 colon cancer cells were evaluated. RESULTS CD66c expression was significantly higher in colon cancers than in contiguous normal colon tissues and paralleled cancer stage. CD66c was absent in CD133-positive cells that were isolated from normal colon, whereas its expression was brightest (CD66c(bright) ) in CD133-positive cells from colon cancer samples. In vitro experiments demonstrated that colon spheres were considerably enriched in a CD66c(bright) population in a fashion comparable to the enrichment observed in fresh liver metastases. In vitro proliferation and clonogenic potential were hampered when CD66c was silenced in Caco2 cells. Finally, in vivo xenograft experiments demonstrated that CD66c silencing almost completely abrogated the tumorigenic potential of Caco2 cells. CONCLUSIONS CD66c(bright) expression was associated with colon cancer stem cells and CD66c silencing blocked tumor growth, thereby opening the way to a potential new treatment for colon cancer.
Collapse
|