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Lee IK, Chang JP, Huang WC, Tai CH, Wu HT, Chi CH. Comparative of clinical performance between next-generation sequencing and standard blood culture diagnostic method in patients suffering from sepsis. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2022; 55:845-852. [PMID: 35995673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a massively unbiased sequencing technology. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of NGS-based approach in the detection of microorganisms from septic patients and compare with results of blood culture (BC). METHODS The observational and non-interventional study was conducted from April 2019 to August 2019. RESULTS A total of 96 sets of BC and 48 NGS results obtained from 48 septic patients were analyzed in this study. Thirty-two microorganisms (27 bacteria, 3 fungi and 2 viral) were detected by NGS in 23 (47.9%) patients; and 18 bacteria in 18 (37.5%) patients by BC. Exclusion of skin commensals, the positivity of NGS and BC was 62.5% and 14.5%, respectively (P < 0.001). Microorganisms identified by NGS demonstrated positive agreement with BC in 12 (25%) patients, including concordant results in 11 (22.9%) cases, and discrepancy results in 1 (2%). Of 11 patients with concordant results, 4 had additional microorganisms detected by NGS. NGS-positive but BC-negative was found in 9 (18.7%) patients. Using NGS, difficult-to-culture micro-organisms such as Pneumocystic jirovecii was identified in 2 patients, and Leptospira interrogans in one. Six (12.5%) patients with BC-positive but NGS-negative, whereas skin commensals were isolated in 4 (66.6%) cases. The number of patients that were positive by BC only increase from 29% to 47.9% when combining NGS and BC analyses (P = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS Our study support the advantage of NGS for the diagnosis of infecting microorganisms in sepsis, especially for microorganisms that are currently difficult or impossible to culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ing-Kit Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Jen-Ping Chang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsiang Tai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Tu Wu
- Joint Commission of Precision Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is a classic example of biofilm-mediated diseases. METHODS The authors reviewed selected publications in English-language peer-reviewed journals with respect to microbial biofilms, focusing on representative works that provided a historical to a contemporary perspective on periodontal oral biofilms in the larger context of biofilm microbiology. RESULTS Developments in advanced microscopy and molecular microbiology have allowed scientists to examine and characterize microbial biofilm-mediated diseases, such as periodontitis, more accurately than in the past. CONCLUSIONS Periodontitis, like other biofilm infections, is refractory to antibiotic agents and host defenses because the causative microbes live in complex communities that persist despite challenges that range from targeted antibiotic agents to phagocytosis. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The regular delivery of nontargeted antibiofilm agents may be an effective strategy for treating biofilms, especially if these agents include oxidative agents that dissolve the biofilm matrix.
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Ahmed A, Engelberts MFM, Boer KR, Ahmed N, Hartskeerl RA. Development and validation of a real-time PCR for detection of pathogenic leptospira species in clinical materials. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7093. [PMID: 19763264 PMCID: PMC2740861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Accepted: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Available serological diagnostics do not allow the confirmation of clinically suspected leptospirosis at the early acute phase of illness. Several conventional and real-time PCRs for the early diagnosis of leptospirosis have been described but these have been incompletely evaluated. We developed a SYBR Green-based real-time PCR targeting secY and validated it according to international guidelines. To determine the analytical specificity, DNA from 56 Leptospira strains belonging to pathogenic, non-pathogenic and intermediate Leptospira spp. as well as 46 other micro-organisms was included in this study. All the pathogenic Leptospira gave a positive reaction. We found no cross-reaction with saprophytic Leptospira and other micro-organisms, implying a high analytical specificity. The analytical sensitivity of the PCR was one copy per reaction from cultured homologous strain M 20 and 1.2 and 1.5 copy for heterologous strains 1342 K and Sarmin, respectively. In spiked serum & blood and kidney tissue the sensitivity was 10 and 20 copies for M 20, 15 and 30 copies for 1342 K and 30 and 50 copies for Sarmin. To determine the diagnostic sensitivity (DSe) and specificity (DSp), clinical blood samples from 26 laboratory-confirmed and 107 negative patients suspected of leptospirosis were enrolled as a prospective consecutive cohort. Based on culture as the gold standard, we found a DSe and DSp of 100% and 93%, respectively. All eight PCR positive samples that had a negative culture seroconverted later on, implying a higher actual DSp. When using culture and serology as the gold standard, the DSe was lower (89%) while the DSp was higher (100%). DSe was 100% in samples collected within the first – for treatment important - 4 days after onset of the illness. Reproducibility and repeatability of the assay, determined by blind testing kidney samples from 20 confirmed positive and 20 negative rodents both appeared 100%. In conclusion we have described for the first time the development of a robust SYBR Green real-time PCR for the detection of pathogenic Leptospira combined with a detailed assessment of its clinical accuracy, thus providing a method for the early diagnosis of leptospirosis with a well-defined satisfactory performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ahmed
- WHO/FAO/OIE and National Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Leptospirosis and Section of Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute (KIT), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam F. M. Engelberts
- WHO/FAO/OIE and National Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Leptospirosis and Section of Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute (KIT), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberly R. Boer
- WHO/FAO/OIE and National Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Leptospirosis and Section of Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute (KIT), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Niyaz Ahmed
- Pathogen Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rudy A. Hartskeerl
- WHO/FAO/OIE and National Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Leptospirosis and Section of Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute (KIT), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Weiss J. Luminaries in Laboratory Medicine: Kary Mullis. Lab Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1309/lm5sfgh3q0nbjgwq] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Döring G, Unertl K, Heininger A. Validation criteria for nucleic acid amplification techniques for bacterial infections. Clin Chem Lab Med 2008; 46:909-18. [PMID: 18605949 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2008.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid techniques (NATs), such as species-specific and universal polymerase chain reactions (PCRs), are finding ever wider use in the diagnosis of bacterial infection. However, although universal PCR assays, in particular, approach a type of modern Petri dish, they have a number of limitations which restrict their applicability. The sensitivity of universal PCR is lower than that of many species-specific PCRs, and the contamination of samples and PCR reagents with irrelevant DNA from various sources remains a problem. Thus, NATs in general and universal PCR assays in particular require careful validation to be of value for the diagnosis of infection. Validation includes sampling, DNA extraction/isolation, template amplification and visualisation of the results. Furthermore, it implies the establishment of measures of asepsis, the inclusion of positive and negative controls, techniques to optimise the release of DNA from bacterial cells, adequate repetition of the amplification reaction, and routine testing of reagent negative and inhibition controls. Finally, it entails the comparison of results obtained by NATs with those obtained by conventional microbiological methods and matching with clinical evidence of infection. Validation of NATs in clinical diagnosis remains an ongoing challenge. Because of these limitations, NATs can only serve as adjunct tools for the diagnosis of infection in selected cases; they cannot replace conventional culturing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Döring
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Leroy M, Cabral H, Figueira M, Bouchet V, Huot H, Ram S, Pelton SI, Goldstein R. Multiple consecutive lavage samplings reveal greater burden of disease and provide direct access to the nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae biofilm in experimental otitis media. Infect Immun 2007; 75:4158-72. [PMID: 17517860 PMCID: PMC1952021 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00318-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The typically recovered quantity of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) bacteria in an ex vivo middle ear (ME) aspirate from the chinchilla model of experimental otitis media is insufficient for direct analysis of gene expression by microarray or of lipopolysaccharide glycoforms by mass spectrometry. This prompted us to investigate a strategy of multiple consecutive lavage samplings to increase ex vivo bacterial recovery. As multiple consecutive lavage samples significantly increased the total number of bacterial CFU collected during nasopharyngeal colonization or ME infection, this led us to evaluate whether bacteria sequentially acquired from consecutive lavages were similar. Comparative observation of complete ex vivo sample series by microscopy initially revealed ME inflammatory fluid consisting solely of planktonic-phase NTHi. In contrast, subsequent lavage samplings of the same infected ear revealed the existence of bacteria in two additional growth states, filamentous and biofilm encased. Gene expression analysis of such ex vivo samples was in accord with different bacterial growth phases in sequential lavage specimens. The existence of morphologically distinct NTHi subpopulations with varying levels of gene expression indicates that the pooling of specimens requires caution until methods for their separation are developed. This study based on multiple consecutive lavages is consistent with prior reports that NTHi forms a biofilm in vivo, describes the means to directly acquire ex vivo biofilm samples without sacrificing the animal, and has broad applicability for a study of mucosal infections. Moreover, this approach revealed that the actual burden of bacteria in experimental otitis media is significantly greater than was previously reported. Such findings may have direct implications for antibiotic treatment and vaccine development against NTHi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Leroy
- Section of Molecular Genetics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, The Maxwell Finland Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, 774 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Abstract
Septic arthritis still continues to be a common and serious problem at major urban medical centers and is one of the most rapidly destructive forms of acute arthritis. The yearly incidence of bacterial arthritis varies from 2 to 10 per 100,000 in the general population to 30 to 70 per 100,000 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in patients with joint prostheses. Irreversible loss of joint function may develop in up to 50% of the patients. Despite better antimicrobial agents and improved hospital care, the fatality rate for this medical problem has not changed substantially during the past 30 years. An understanding of the risk factors and the pathogenesis of nongonoccocal bacterial arthritis and other forms of infectious arthritis, primarily in the context of a differential diagnosis and treatment, are important to avoid the delay in making a correct diagnosis and to improve the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio García-De La Torre
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hospital General de Occidente, Secretaría de Salud, and Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44690, Mexico.
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Bidartondo MI, Bruns TD. On the origins of extreme mycorrhizal specificity in the Monotropoideae (Ericaceae): performance trade-offs during seed germination and seedling development. Mol Ecol 2005; 14:1549-60. [PMID: 15813793 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2005.02503.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Fungal-induced seed germination is a phenomenon characteristic of mycorrhizal plants that produce dust-like seeds with only minimal nutritional reserves. In such systems, fungi trigger germination and/or subsidize development. We studied mycorrhizal germination in relation to mycorrhizal specificity in the Monotropoideae, a lineage of dust-seeded non-photosynthetic plants that are dependent upon ectomycorrhizal fungi of forest trees. A total of 1695 seed packets, each containing two to five compartments with seeds from different sources, were buried for up to 2 years near known ectomycorrhizal fungi in six different native forest locations. Upon harvest, seedlings were analysed by cultivation-independent molecular methods to identify their mycorrhizal fungi. We report that (i) germination is only induced by the same fungus that associates with mature plants or by closely related congeners; (ii) seedlings associated with the latter fungi develop less than those associated with maternal fungal species in most settings; and (iii) exceptions to this pattern occur in allopatric settings, where novel plant-fungal associations can result in the greatest seedling development. We interpret these results as evidence of performance trade-offs between breadth of host range and rate of development. We propose that in conjunction with host-derived germination cues, performance trade-offs can explain the extreme mycorrhizal specificity observed at maturity. The allopatric exceptions support the idea that performance trade-offs may be based on a coevolutionary arms race and that host range can be broadened most readily when naive fungal hosts are encountered in novel settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Bidartondo
- Imperial College London & Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3DS, UK.
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Yang S, Rothman RE. PCR-based diagnostics for infectious diseases: uses, limitations, and future applications in acute-care settings. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2004; 4:337-48. [PMID: 15172342 PMCID: PMC7106425 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(04)01044-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 539] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Molecular diagnostics are revolutionising the clinical practice of infectious disease. Their effects will be significant in acute-care settings where timely and accurate diagnostic tools are critical for patient treatment decisions and outcomes. PCR is the most well-developed molecular technique up to now, and has a wide range of already fulfilled, and potential, clinical applications, including specific or broad-spectrum pathogen detection, evaluation of emerging novel infections, surveillance, early detection of biothreat agents, and antimicrobial resistance profiling. PCR-based methods may also be cost effective relative to traditional testing procedures. Further advancement of technology is needed to improve automation, optimise detection sensitivity and specificity, and expand the capacity to detect multiple targets simultaneously (multiplexing). This review provides an up-to-date look at the general principles, diagnostic value, and limitations of the most current PCR-based platforms as they evolve from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Yang
- The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard E Rothman
- The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Correspondence: Dr Richard E Rothman, Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1830 E Monument Street, Suite 6–100, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Jang CH, Park SY. Penetration of cefprozil to middle ear effusion in children with chronic otitis media with effusion. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2003; 67:965-8. [PMID: 12907051 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5876(03)00163-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of chronic otitis media with effusion (COME) demonstrates pathogenic bacteria, treatment with appropriate antibiotic is reasonable. OBJECTIVE We determined the penetration of cefprozil into the middle ear effusion (MEE) in children with COME. MATERIALS AND METHODS 25 patients 2-13 years of age with COME were eligible for study. After the single dose of 15 mg/kg patients were assigned to have MEE, and serum samples were obtained during ventilation tube insertion at 0.5, 2, 3, 5, or 6 h after administration of the dose. The concentration of cefprozil was measured using validated high performance liquid chromatography method. RESULTS The mean concentrations of cefprozil in the MEE ranged from 0.4 to 4.4 microg/ml. The penetration into MEE was rapid and effective. Cefprozil in the MEE was maintained at a greater level than MIC 90 in S. pneumoniae for at least 6 h after administration of 15 mg/kg. CONCLUSION Cefprozil penetrated well into the MEE in children with COME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Ho Jang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Wonkwang Medical School, Iksan 570-711, South Korea.
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Abstract
Bacterial arthritis still is a common and serious problem at mayor urban medical centers and is one of the most rapidly destructive forms of acute arthritis. The yearly incidence of bacterial arthritis varies from 2 to 10 per 100,000 in the general population to 30 to 70 per 100,000 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in patients with joint prostheses. Irreversible loss of joint function may develop in up to 50% of the patients. Despite better antimicrobial agents and improved hospital care, the fatality rate for this medical problem has not changed substantially during the past 25 years. An understanding of the risk factors and the pathogenesis of nongonoccocal bacterial arthritis and other forms of infectious arthritis, primarily in the context of a differential diagnosis and treatment, are important in order to avoid the delay in making a correct diagnosis and to improve the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio García-De La Torre
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hospital General de Occidente de la Secretaría de Salud, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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Saghatelian A, Guckian KM, Thayer DA, Ghadiri MR. DNA detection and signal amplification via an engineered allosteric enzyme. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:344-5. [PMID: 12517141 PMCID: PMC2453066 DOI: 10.1021/ja027885u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rapid, sensitive, and sequence-specific DNA detection can be achieved in one step using an engineered intrasterically regulated enzyme. The semi-synthetic inhibitor-DNA-enzyme (IDE) construct (left) rests in the inactive state but upon exposure to a complementary DNA sequence undergoes a DNA hybridization-triggered allosteric enzyme activation (right). The ensuing rapid substrate turnover provides the built-in signal amplification mechanism for detecting approximately 10 fmol DNA in less than 3 min under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Saghatelian
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biology and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Kevin M. Guckian
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biology and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Desiree A. Thayer
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biology and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - M. Reza Ghadiri
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biology and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037.
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