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Soto-Moreno A, Martínez-López A, Sánchez-Díaz M, Martínez-García E, Buendía-Eisman A, Arias-Santiago S. Anxiety, depression, and alcohol use disorder in dermatologists: relationship with burnout and associated risk factors. Int J Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 38456484 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.17116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Burnout syndrome is a mental health condition related to chronic occupational stress; its prevalence, as well as its relationship with other mental health disorders in physicians, has become a topic of growing interest. However, no studies with large sample sizes evaluate this association in dermatologists. With this background, a cross-sectional study was designed, which included 420 Spanish dermatologists; the mean age was 44.5 years (12.39), and 62% (260/420) were women. Eleven percent (45/420) of the participants presented a moderate risk of burnout, more than half of the sample had at least one of the burnout symptoms, 47% (198/420) had some degree of anxiety, and 20.3% (85/420) presented some degree of depression. Less than 1% (4/420) demonstrated a high risk of alcohol use disorder. Being female was associated with a higher risk of depression and anxiety. Meanwhile, men and residents showed an increasedrisk of alcohol use disorder. Burnout and its domains showed a significative association with depression and anxiety, while no relationship with alcohol abuse was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Soto-Moreno
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Martínez-López
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Las Nieves, Granada, Spain
- Group of Epidemiology and Health Promotion in Dermatology, Spanish Association of Dermatology and Venereology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Díaz
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Eliseo Martínez-García
- Group of Epidemiology and Health Promotion in Dermatology, Spanish Association of Dermatology and Venereology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustín Buendía-Eisman
- Group of Epidemiology and Health Promotion in Dermatology, Spanish Association of Dermatology and Venereology, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Dermatology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Salvador Arias-Santiago
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Las Nieves, Granada, Spain
- Department of Dermatology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- TECe19-Clinical and Translational Dermatology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Ibs., Granada, Spain
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2
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Soto-Moreno A, Ureña-Paniego C, Montero-Vílchez T, Sánchez-Díaz M, Díaz-Calvillo P, Rodríguez-Pozo JA, Molina-Leyva A, Martínez-López A, Buendía-Eisman A, Arias-Santiago S. Quality of Professional Life Among Dermatologists: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Suggestions for Improvement. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2024; 115:231-236. [PMID: 37884261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Quality of professional life (QPL) is defined as a sense of well-being derived from a balance between the challenges of work and the resources available to deal with them. Impaired QPL can contribute to burnout. The aim of this study was to evaluate QPL in Spanish dermatologists using a validated questionnaire. MATERIAL AND METHODS We designed a cross-sectional study in which Spanish dermatologists were invited to complete an online questionnaire sent out by messaging applications. The dermatologists were asked to provide sociodemographic information, answer 3 open questions, and complete the 35-item Spanish QPL questionnaire (Spanish abbreviation, CVP-35). RESULTS We analyzed the information submitted by 106 dermatologists (62 women, 58%) with a mean age of 41 years (95% CI, 43.3-38.8 years). Women and department heads scored significantly higher in the workload domain of the questionnaire (P=.02 and P=.005, respectively). A heavy caseload was mentioned as the main factor contributing to impaired QPL and the main change in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Female dermatologists reported heavier workloads. Heavy caseloads and more remote work were the main changes identified after the COVID-19 pandemic. Heavy caseloads have a significant impact on the QPL of dermatologists in Spain. Reducing caseloads would improve general job satisfaction and quality of care provision.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Soto-Moreno
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Las Nieves, Granada, España
| | - C Ureña-Paniego
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Las Nieves, Granada, España
| | - T Montero-Vílchez
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Las Nieves, Granada, España
| | - M Sánchez-Díaz
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Las Nieves, Granada, España
| | - P Díaz-Calvillo
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Las Nieves, Granada, España
| | - J A Rodríguez-Pozo
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Las Nieves, Granada, España
| | - A Molina-Leyva
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Las Nieves, Granada, España
| | - A Martínez-López
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Las Nieves, Granada, España.
| | - A Buendía-Eisman
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, España
| | - S Arias-Santiago
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Las Nieves, Granada, España; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, España; Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, España
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3
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Soto-Moreno A, Ureña-Paniego C, Montero-Vílchez T, Sánchez-Díaz M, Díaz-Calvillo P, Rodríguez-Pozo JA, Molina-Leyva A, Martínez-López A, Buendía-Eisman A, Arias-Santiago S. [Translated article] Quality of Professional Life Among Dermatologists: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Suggestions for Improvement. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2024; 115:T231-T236. [PMID: 38242430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2024.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Quality of professional life (QPL) is defined as a sense of well-being derived from a balance between the challenges of work and the resources available to deal with them. Impaired QPL can contribute to burnout. The aim of this study was to evaluate QPL in Spanish dermatologists using a validated questionnaire. MATERIAL AND METHODS We designed a cross-sectional study in which Spanish dermatologists were invited to complete an online questionnaire sent out by messaging applications. The dermatologists were asked to provide sociodemographic information, answer 3 open questions, and complete the 35-item Spanish QPL questionnaire (Spanish abbreviation, CVP-35). RESULTS We analyzed the information submitted by 106 dermatologists (62 women, 58%) with a mean age of 41 years (95% CI, 43.3-38.8 years). Women and department heads scored significantly higher in the workload domain of the questionnaire (P=.02 and P=.005, respectively). A heavy caseload was mentioned as the main factor contributing to impaired QPL and the main change in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Female dermatologists reported heavier workloads. Heavy caseloads and more remote work were the main changes identified after the COVID-19 pandemic. Heavy caseloads have a significant impact on the QPL of dermatologists in Spain. Reducing caseloads would improve general job satisfaction and quality of care provision.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Soto-Moreno
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - C Ureña-Paniego
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - T Montero-Vílchez
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - M Sánchez-Díaz
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - P Díaz-Calvillo
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - J A Rodríguez-Pozo
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - A Molina-Leyva
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - A Martínez-López
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Las Nieves, Granada, Spain.
| | - A Buendía-Eisman
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - S Arias-Santiago
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Las Nieves, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain; Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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Diaz E, Abad-Tortosa D, Ghezal M, Davin J, Lopez-Castroman J. Role of stressful life events and personality traits on the prevalence of wish to die among French physicians. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1244605. [PMID: 38322123 PMCID: PMC10844508 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1244605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Suicide rates are higher among physicians than in the general population. We aimed to investigate the role of stressful life events (related or not to work conditions) and personality traits on wish to die, a proxy measure of suicidal ideation. Methods This cross-sectional study took place in France from March 2018 to September 2018. Physicians completed an online questionnaire. A multiple logistic regression model estimated factors associated with wish to die. Moderated moderation models were used to assess the effect of personality traits on the relationship between stressful events and wish to die. Results 1,020 physicians completed the questionnaire. Most (75%) had endorsed a work-related stressful event and one in six (15.9%) endorsed a wish to die the year before. Wish to die was associated with burnout (OR = 2.65, 95%CI = 1.82-3.88) and work-related stressful events (OR = 2.18, 95%CI = 1.24-3.85) including interpersonal conflicts, harassment and work-overload. Emotional stability was the only personality trait associated with wish to die in the logistic regression (OR = 0.69, 95%CI = 0.59-0.82). In moderation models, we observed a significant interaction involving three personality traits-emotional stability, extraversion, and agreeableness-along with gender, influencing the impact of stressful events on the wish to die. Limitations Our study is limited by the impossibility to control for risk factors associated with suicide like psychiatric comorbidities. Conclusion Work-related stressful events significantly contribute to the manifestation of a wish to die among physicians. The impact of stressful events on the wish to die is moderated by factors such as gender and personality traits, including emotional stability and extraversion. These results are overall consistent with prior studies concerning the risk of burnout and suicide among physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Diaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Nîmes University Hospital (CHU), Nîmes, France
| | - Diana Abad-Tortosa
- Department of Psychiatry, Nîmes University Hospital (CHU), Nîmes, France
| | - Maha Ghezal
- Department of Psychiatry, Nîmes University Hospital (CHU), Nîmes, France
| | - Josephine Davin
- Department of Psychiatry, Nîmes University Hospital (CHU), Nîmes, France
| | - Jorge Lopez-Castroman
- Department of Psychiatry, Nîmes University Hospital (CHU), Nîmes, France
- IGF, CNRS-INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Signal Theory and Communication, Universidad Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Tušek Bunc K, Uplaznik J, Selič-Zupančič P. A Cross-Sectional Study on Physical Activity and Burnout among Family Physicians in Slovenia during the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Are the Results Alarming Enough to Convince Decision-Makers to Support Family Medicine? Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 12:28. [PMID: 38200935 PMCID: PMC10778739 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical activity has a positive effect on general health, but its influence on burnout remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the association between physical activity and the incidence of burnout in Slovenian family physicians (FPs) and family medicine trainees (FMTs) during the COVID-19 pandemic, which exacerbated the already-existing problem of burnout. We conducted a cross-sectional observational study among Slovenian family physicians and FMTs in which sociodemographic variables, the type and duration of physical activity, and an assessment of burnout were collected using the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Comparisons between groups were made using the independent-samples t-test, Fisher's exact test, and the Wilcoxon sign-rank test. A value of p < 0.05 determined the limit of statistical significance. Of 1230 FPs and FMTs invited to participate, 282 completed the survey (22.9% response rate); there were 243 (86.2%) FPs and 39 (13.8%) FMTs. The overall rating for burnout during the pandemic was high, at 48.6% of FPs and FMTs; 62.8% of respondents reported a high rating for emotional exhaustion and 40.1% for depersonalization. Compared to FMTs, emotional exhaustion and total burnout scores were higher for FPs (p < 0.001 and p = 0.010, respectively), but work status was not related to personal acomplishment, which 53.5% of all participants rated as low. Physical activity did not appear to be a statistically significant factor in the occurrence of burnout during the pandemic. Therefore, work status or occupational role (FP vs. FMT) should be thoroughly investigated in the future along with some other factors and a better response rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenija Tušek Bunc
- Dr. Adolf Drolc Health Center Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Janja Uplaznik
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Polona Selič-Zupančič
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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6
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Chen Y, Wu Z, Wang P, Xie L, Yan M, Jiang M, Yang Z, Zheng J, Zhang J, Zhu J. Radiology Residents' Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence: Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey Study. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e48249. [PMID: 37856181 PMCID: PMC10623237 DOI: 10.2196/48249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming various fields, with health care, especially diagnostic specialties such as radiology, being a key but controversial battleground. However, there is limited research systematically examining the response of "human intelligence" to AI. OBJECTIVE This study aims to comprehend radiologists' perceptions regarding AI, including their views on its potential to replace them, its usefulness, and their willingness to accept it. We examine the influence of various factors, encompassing demographic characteristics, working status, psychosocial aspects, personal experience, and contextual factors. METHODS Between December 1, 2020, and April 30, 2021, a cross-sectional survey was completed by 3666 radiology residents in China. We used multivariable logistic regression models to examine factors and associations, reporting odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. RESULTS In summary, radiology residents generally hold a positive attitude toward AI, with 29.90% (1096/3666) agreeing that AI may reduce the demand for radiologists, 72.80% (2669/3666) believing AI improves disease diagnosis, and 78.18% (2866/3666) feeling that radiologists should embrace AI. Several associated factors, including age, gender, education, region, eye strain, working hours, time spent on medical images, resilience, burnout, AI experience, and perceptions of residency support and stress, significantly influence AI attitudes. For instance, burnout symptoms were associated with greater concerns about AI replacement (OR 1.89; P<.001), less favorable views on AI usefulness (OR 0.77; P=.005), and reduced willingness to use AI (OR 0.71; P<.001). Moreover, after adjusting for all other factors, perceived AI replacement (OR 0.81; P<.001) and AI usefulness (OR 5.97; P<.001) were shown to significantly impact the intention to use AI. CONCLUSIONS This study profiles radiology residents who are accepting of AI. Our comprehensive findings provide insights for a multidimensional approach to help physicians adapt to AI. Targeted policies, such as digital health care initiatives and medical education, can be developed accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Chen
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziye Wu
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Peicheng Wang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Linbo Xie
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengsha Yan
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Maoqing Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhenghan Yang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Jingfeng Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiming Zhu
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Shah AH, Becene IA, Nguyen KTNH, Stuart JJ, West MG, Berrill JES, Hankins J, Borba CPC, Rich-Edwards JW. A qualitative analysis of psychosocial stressors and health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on frontline healthcare personnel in the United States. SSM. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN HEALTH 2022; 2:100130. [PMID: 35873922 PMCID: PMC9293380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmqr.2022.100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
There is a dearth of qualitative studies exploring the lived experiences of frontline healthcare personnel (HCP) during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. We examined workplace stressors, psychological manifestations of said stressors, and coping strategies reported through coded open-text responses from 1024 online surveys completed over two months by 923 HCP participating in three nationwide cohorts from Spring 2020. Our findings suggest that risk, job insecurity, frustration with hospital administration, inadequate access to personal protective equipment, and witnessing patient suffering and death contributed to deteriorating mental and physical health. Negative health impacts included the onset or exacerbation of anxiety, depression, and somatic symptoms, including weight fluctuation, fatigue, and migraines. Coping mechanisms included substance use and food consumption, meditation and wellness, fitness, socializing with loved ones, and religious activities. Insights garnered from participants' responses will enable more personalized and effective psychosocial crisis prevention and intervention for frontline HCP in future health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarushi H Shah
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Sociomedical Sciences, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032-3784, USA
| | - Iris A Becene
- Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA
| | | | - Jennifer J Stuart
- Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, USA
| | - Madeline G West
- New York University School of Global Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jane E S Berrill
- Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Jennifer Hankins
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA
| | | | - Janet W Rich-Edwards
- Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, USA
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8
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Spiers J, Kokab F, Buszewicz M, Chew-Graham CA, Dunning A, Taylor AK, Gopfert A, van Hove M, Teoh KRH, Appleby L, Martin J, Riley R. Recommendations for improving the working conditions and cultures of distressed junior doctors, based on a qualitative study and stakeholder perspectives. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:1333. [PMCID: PMC9647238 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08728-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Doctors, including junior doctors, are vulnerable to greater levels of distress and mental health difficulties than the public. This is exacerbated by their working conditions and cultures. While this vulnerability has been known for many years, little action has been taken to protect and support junior doctors working in the NHS. As such, we present a series of recommendations from the perspective of junior doctors and other relevant stakeholders, designed to improve junior doctors’ working conditions and, thus, their mental health.
Methods
We interviewed 36 junior doctors, asking them for recommendations for improving their working conditions and culture. Additionally, we held an online stakeholder meeting with a variety of healthcare professionals (including junior doctors), undergraduate medical school leads, postgraduate speciality school leads and NHS policymakers where we asked what could be done to improve junior doctors’ working conditions. We combined interview data with notes from the stakeholder discussions to produce this set of recommendations.
Results
Junior doctor participants and stakeholders made organisational and interpersonal recommendations. Organisational recommendations include the need for more environmental, staff and educational resources as well as changes to rotas. Interpersonal recommendations include changes to communication and recommendations for better support and teamwork.
Conclusion
We suggest that NHS policymakers, employers and managers consider and hopefully implement the recommendations set out by the study participants and stakeholders as reported in this paper and that the gold standards of practice which are reported here (such as examples of positive learning environments and supportive supervision) are showcased so that others can learn from them.
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Dahanayake D, Rajapakse H, Wickramasinghe A, Chandradasa M, Rohanachandra Y, Perera S, Nillo AM, Molodynski A. Psychological wellbeing and mental health amongst medical undergraduates: A descriptive study assessing more than 1,000 medical students in Sri Lanka. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2022; 68:1263-1269. [PMID: 34144652 DOI: 10.1177/00207640211027211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies from around the world have shown higher rates of anxiety, depression, alcohol and other drug use, and burnout in medical students. AIMS The aim of this study was to identify the socio-demographic factors and severity of difficulties Sri Lankan medical students face regarding psychological wellbeing and burnout. METHOD This one-off survey used a cross-sectional design, assessing substance use, psychological wellbeing, and burnout using the CAGE, GHQ-12, and OLBI. The survey was open to all medical students in six universities in Sri Lanka. Chi-square analysis was used to assess the statistical significance related to categorical dependent variables and one-way ANOVA for continuous dependent variables. RESULTS A higher prevalence of diagnosed mental health conditions was found following admission to the medical course in comparison prior to admission. Sixty-two percent of students had a score of more than 2 on the GHQ-12 indicating caseness. The OLBI identified exhaustion in 79% of students. The CAGE questionnaire was positive in 4.8% of students. CONCLUSIONS Only a small proportion of students are recognizing their mental health difficulties and seeking help. Further understanding is required as to why this is, as well as re-evaluation of the demands of the curriculum. Effective ways of regularly identifying and providing practical and evidence-based support for mental health problems in medical and other undergraduates need to be identified and introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulangi Dahanayake
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Harshini Rajapakse
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka
| | - Anuprabha Wickramasinghe
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, University of Rajarata, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Miyuru Chandradasa
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | - Yasodha Rohanachandra
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardenapura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Sayuri Perera
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Andrew Molodynski
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.,Oxford University, Oxford, UK
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10
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Sfeir E, Rabil JM, Obeid S, Hallit S, Khalife MCF. Work fatigue among Lebanese physicians and students during the COVID-19 pandemic: validation of the 3D-Work Fatigue Inventory (3D-WFI) and correlates. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:292. [PMID: 35151284 PMCID: PMC8841075 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12733-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Work fatigue is a work-related condition that affects physicians’ health, work attitude safety and performance. Work fatigue affects not only medical workers but can also leave a negative impact on patients. With the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the economic crisis Lebanese doctors have been facing in the last 2 years, the aim of our study was to validate the 3D-Work Fatigue Inventory (3D-WFI) among Lebanese physicians and assess the rate and correlates of work fatigue (physical, mental and emotional). Methods A cross-sectional study was undertaken through an anonymous self-administered questionnaire between October 2020 and January 2021. The SPSS AMOS software v.24 was used to conduct confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). To validate the 3D-WFI, multiple indices of goodness-of-fit were described: the Relative Chi-square (χ2/df) (cut-off values:< 2–5), the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) (close and acceptable fit are considered for values < 0.05 and < 0.11 respectively), the Tucker Lewis Index (TLI) and the Comparative Fit Index (CFI) (acceptable values are ≥0.90). Results A total of 401 responses was collected; 66.1, 64.8 and 65.1% respondents had an intermediate to high level of emotional, mental and physical work fatigue respectively. The fit indices obtained in the CFA of the 3D-WFI items fitted well: CFI =0.98, TLI =0.98, RMSEA = 0.05; 95% CI 0.046–0.063; pclose = 0.20) and χ2(136) = 295.76. The correlation coefficients between the three factors (Factor 1 = Physical work fatigue, Factor 2 = Mental work fatigue, Factor 3 = Emotional work fatigue) were adequate as well: Factor 1-Factor 2 (r = 0.70), Factor 1-Factor 3 (r = 0.52) and Factor 2-Factor 3 (r = 0.65). In addition, feeling pressured by long working hours during the pandemic, having more hours of night duty per month, more stressful events in life, and higher depression were significantly associated with more physical and mental work fatigue. Higher depression and having more stressful events in life were significantly associated with more emotional work fatigue. Conclusion Work fatigue in Lebanese physicians seems to be associated with higher level of everyday stress, high work load and depression. Hospitals and local health authorities can use these results for early interventions that aim to reduce work fatigue and ensure the wellbeing of Lebanese physicians.
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Ali SA, Mujahid K, Umar M. Feel like quitting the job? A causal attribution approach to social and work overload consequences. MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/mrr-03-2021-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
In an effort to study the effects of stress factors i.e. work overload and social overload, the authors integrate causal attribution research to develop a stress outcome model. Drawing on Affective Events theory, this study aims to investigate how work and social overload lead to turnover intentions with the mediating role of emotional exhaustion.
Design/methodology/approach
A quantitative approach to examine the direct linkage of stress factors to turnover intention was tested for 409 respondents working at middle and senior manager level posts in the banking sector of Lahore, Pakistan. Partial least square structure equation modeling technique was applied through Smart_PLS3.0 for hypothesis testing.
Findings
Results revealed a strong relationship between stress factors (i.e. social overload and work overload) and turnover intentions in the presence of emotional exhaustion as a significant mediator.
Originality/value
The study adds value to the theory and practice by examining the understudied stress factors (social overload) along with work overload and their consequences on the employees.
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12
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Spiers J, Buszewicz M, Chew-Graham C, Dunning A, Taylor AK, Gopfert A, Van Hove M, Teoh KRH, Appleby L, Martin J, Riley R. What challenges did junior doctors face while working during the COVID-19 pandemic? A qualitative study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e056122. [PMID: 34903552 PMCID: PMC8671849 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper reports findings exploring junior doctors' experiences of working during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK. DESIGN Qualitative study using in-depth interviews with 15 junior doctors. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, anonymised and imported into NVivo V.12 to facilitate data management. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. SETTING National Health Service (NHS) England. PARTICIPANTS A purposive sample of 12 female and 3 male junior doctors who indicated severe depression and/or anxiety on the DASS-21 questionnaire or high suicidality on Paykel's measure were recruited. These doctors self-identified as having lived experience of distress due to their working conditions. RESULTS We report three major themes. First, the challenges of working during the COVID-19 pandemic, which were both personal and organisational. Personal challenges were characterised by helplessness and included the trauma of seeing many patients dying, fears about safety and being powerless to switch off. Work-related challenges revolved around change and uncertainty and included increasing workloads, decreasing staff numbers and negative impacts on relationships with colleagues and patients. The second theme was strategies for coping with the impact of COVID-19 on work, which were also both personal and organisational. Personal coping strategies, which appeared limited in their usefulness, were problem and emotion focused. Several participants appeared to have moved from coping towards learnt helplessness. Some organisations reacted to COVID-19 collaboratively and flexibly. Third, participants reported a positive impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on working practices, which included simplified new ways of working-such as consistent teams and longer rotations-as well as increased camaraderie and support. CONCLUSIONS The trauma that junior doctors experienced while working during COVID-19 led to powerlessness and a reduction in the benefit of individual coping strategies. This may have resulted in feelings of resignation. We recommend that, postpandemic, junior doctors are assigned to consistent teams and offered ongoing support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Spiers
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Marta Buszewicz
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Alice Dunning
- Yorkshire Quality and Safety Research Group, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Anna Kathryn Taylor
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | | | - Kevin Rui-Han Teoh
- Department of Organizational Psychology, Birkbeck, University of London, London, Greater London, UK
| | - Louis Appleby
- Department of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - James Martin
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Ruth Riley
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
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Mueller B, Sweetnam C, Klenofsky B, Pace A, Grant J, Natbony L, Robinson-Papp J, Kummer B. A retrospective cohort study of clinical factors, visit patterns, and demographic factors associated with use of remote communications in patients with headache. Headache 2021; 61:1521-1528. [PMID: 34713896 DOI: 10.1111/head.14226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the characteristics associated with high utilization of remote communications (RCs) in patients with headache. BACKGROUND Patients with headache frequently communicate with their providers using secure portal messaging and telephone calls. However, clinical and demographic factors as well as visit patterns associated with RC utilization remain poorly characterized. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed data from patients with headache who were evaluated in the ambulatory neurology faculty practice at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York between January 1 and June 30, 2019. We extracted clinical and demographic characteristics, total office visits, secure MyChart portal messages, and telephone encounters from our institutional data warehouse. We defined high RC and MyChart utilization as the top tertile of RC and MyChart message volume, respectively, and assessed the relationship between patient characteristics and high RC (primary outcome), as well as high MyChart utilization (secondary outcome). We characterized the relationship between clinicodemographic characteristics and the ratio of MyChart messages to total RCs (secondary outcome). RESULTS We identified 1390 patients, of whom 477 (34.3%) were high RC utilizers and 321 (23.1%) were high MyChart utilizers. High RC utilizers generated 3306/3921 (84.3%) RCs. The presence of chronic headache (aOR 2.31, 95% CI 1.75-3.03, p < 0.0001), cluster headache (aOR 18.3, 95% CI 5.0-71.7, p = 0.001), and migraine (aOR 3.82, 95% CI 1.93-9.3, p = 0.011) was associated with high RC utilization. Patients ≥65 years of age were less likely to engage in MyChart messaging as a proportion of RC (191/680, 28.1%) compared with patients 18-30 years of age (243/620, 39.2%, p = 0.049) and 30-64 years of age (1172/2721, 43.1%, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS A minority of patients with headache (477/1390; 34.3%) generated the majority (3306/3921; 84.3%) of RCs. Our findings should be validated in external patient cohorts with the objective of developing strategies to optimize RC utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Mueller
- Center for Headache and Facial Pain, Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Chloe Sweetnam
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Britany Klenofsky
- Center for Headache and Facial Pain, Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Anna Pace
- Center for Headache and Facial Pain, Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Jihan Grant
- Center for Headache and Facial Pain, Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Lauren Natbony
- Center for Headache and Facial Pain, Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Jessica Robinson-Papp
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Benjamin Kummer
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Informatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Health System, New York City, New York, USA
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14
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Alabi RO, Hietanen P, Elmusrati M, Youssef O, Almangush A, Mäkitie AA. Mitigating Burnout in an Oncological Unit: A Scoping Review. Front Public Health 2021; 9:677915. [PMID: 34660505 PMCID: PMC8517258 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.677915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to provide a scoping review on how to address and mitigate burnout in the profession of clinical oncology. Also, it examines how artificial intelligence (AI) can mitigate burnout in oncology. Methods: We searched Ovid Medline, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, for articles that examine how to address burnout in oncology. Results: A total of 17 studies were found to examine how burnout in oncology can be mitigated. These interventions were either targeted at individuals (oncologists) or organizations where the oncologists work. The organizational interventions include educational (psychosocial and mindfulness-based course), art therapies and entertainment, team-based training, group meetings, motivational package and reward, effective leadership and policy change, and staff support. The individual interventions include equipping the oncologists with adequate training that include-communication skills, well-being and stress management, burnout education, financial independence, relaxation, self-efficacy, resilience, hobby adoption, and work-life balance for the oncologists. Similarly, AI is thought to be poised to offer the potential to mitigate burnout in oncology by enhancing the productivity and performance of the oncologists, reduce the workload and provide job satisfaction, and foster teamwork between the caregivers of patients with cancer. Discussion: Burnout is common among oncologists and can be elicited from different types of situations encountered in the process of caring for patients with cancer. Therefore, for these interventions to achieve the touted benefits, combinatorial strategies that combine other interventions may be viable for mitigating burnout in oncology. With the potential of AI to mitigate burnout, it is important for healthcare providers to facilitate its use in daily clinical practices. Conclusion: These combinatorial interventions can ensure job satisfaction, a supportive working environment, job retention for oncologists, and improved patient care. These interventions could be integrated systematically into routine cancer care for a positive impact on quality care, patient satisfaction, the overall success of the oncological ward, and the health organizations at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasheed Omobolaji Alabi
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Industrial Digitalization, School of Technology and Innovations, University of Vaasa, Vaasa, Finland
| | | | - Mohammed Elmusrati
- Department of Industrial Digitalization, School of Technology and Innovations, University of Vaasa, Vaasa, Finland
| | - Omar Youssef
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alhadi Almangush
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,University of Turku, Institute of Biomedicine, Pathology, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti A Mäkitie
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Cottey L, Roberts T, Graham B, Horner D, Latour JM, Enki D, Lyttle MD, Stevens KN. Need for recovery and physician well-being in emergency departments: national survey findings. Eur J Emerg Med 2021; 28:386-393. [PMID: 34285172 DOI: 10.1097/mej.0000000000000850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE Need for recovery (NFR) describes an individual's need to physically and psychologically recuperate following a period of work. Physicians working in emergency departments (EDs) have higher NFR scores than other occupational groups. Increased NFR may precede occupational burnout and identification provides opportunities for early interventions. OBJECTIVE To identify the incidence of well-being characteristics for ED physicians and to determine if NFR score is associated with these characteristics, whilst adjusting for potential confounders. DESIGN This is a secondary analysis of a survey study. Responses to 11 items were summated into the NFR score, from 0 (lowest NFR) to 100. Additional items (n = 44) explored well-being, demographic and occupational characteristics. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Physicians working within 112 EDs in the UK and Ireland were surveyed in June-July 2019. OUTCOME MEASURE AND ANALYSIS The outcome measure was self-perceptions of well-being including; current burnout, risk of future burnout and feeling overwhelmed at work. Descriptive statistics are presented alongside findings of a multiple regression analysis. MAIN RESULTS In 4365 participants, the self-perceived incidence of current burnout, high risk of future burnout and feeling overwhelmed at work more than once a week was 24.8, 62.7 and 45.1%, respectively. For every unfavourable response of the NFR scale there was an increase in odds of 34.0% (95% CI, 31.0-37.1) for frequency of feeling overwhelmed; 53.8% (95% CI, 47.5-60.4) for current burnout; 56.2% (95% CI, 51.1-61.6) for high risk of future burnout. CONCLUSION This study confirms an association between increased NFR score and self-perceived well-being characteristics. Factors previously reported to reduce NFR could therefore be important initiatives to improve well-being of the ED workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cottey
- Academic Department of Military Emergency Medicine, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham
| | | | - Blair Graham
- Faculty of Health, Plymouth University, Plymouth
- Emergency Department, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth
| | - Daniel Horner
- Royal College of Emergency Medicine, London
- Emergency Department, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester
| | - Jos M Latour
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester
| | - Doyo Enki
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham
| | - Mark D Lyttle
- Emergency Department, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol
| | - Kara N Stevens
- Medical Statistics Group, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
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16
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Doolittle BR. Association of Burnout with Emotional Coping Strategies, Friendship, and Institutional Support Among Internal Medicine Physicians. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2021; 28:361-367. [PMID: 32415546 PMCID: PMC7225246 DOI: 10.1007/s10880-020-09724-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Physician burnout influences physician mental health, staff stress, safety events, and patient outcomes. The association of burnout with compassion satisfaction, secondary stress, emotional coping strategies and many psychosocial variables, such as institutional support, friendship, and spirituality, have not been well studied. A convenience sample of internal medicine physicians was emailed a survey using validated instruments to explore these associations. The response rate was 337/1021 (33%), with a burnout prevalence of 175/337 (52%). Grit, acceptance, active coping, positive reframing, and strategy planning were associated with lower burnout domains and greater compassion satisfaction. Certain emotional coping strategies such as denial, disengagement, self-blame, substance abuse, and venting were associated with greater burnout and lower compassion satisfaction. Greater institutional support was associated with lower burnout (r = − .35, p < .001), secondary stress (r = − .14, p < .05), and compassion satisfaction (r = .28, p < .0001). Friendship was associated with lower burnout (r = − .25, p < .0001) and greater compassion satisfaction (r = .28, p < .0001). This study suggests that amelioration of burnout requires both intrinsic strategies that emphasize physician coping skills as well as extrinsic strategies that address institutional support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Doolittle
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street - 1074LMP, PO BOX 8033, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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17
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Islam Z, Rocha ICN, Mohanan P, Jain S, Goyal S, Dos Santos Costa AC, Ahmad S, Mehedi Hasan M, Essar MY. Mental health impacts of humanitarian crisis on healthcare workers in Yemen. Med Confl Surviv 2021; 37:112-117. [PMID: 34225504 DOI: 10.1080/13623699.2021.1950519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zarmina Islam
- Faculty of Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Shubhika Jain
- Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India
| | - Samarth Goyal
- Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India
| | | | - Shoaib Ahmad
- Department of Surgery, District Head Quarters Teaching Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
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18
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Blazin LJ, Terao MA, Spraker-Perlman H, Baker JN, McLaughlin Crabtree V, Mandrell BN, Gattuso J, Sellers J, Dunn TJ, Lu Z, Hoffman JM, Burlison JD. Never Enough Time: Mixed Methods Study Identifies Drivers of Temporal Demand That Contribute to Burnout Among Physicians Who Care for Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Patients. JCO Oncol Pract 2021; 17:e958-e971. [PMID: 33720755 PMCID: PMC8462670 DOI: 10.1200/op.20.00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Burnout is a syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment because of chronic occupational stress. Approximately one third of pediatric hematology-oncology physicians experience burnout. The goal of this mixed methods study was to determine the prevalence and drivers of burnout among physicians caring for pediatric hematology-oncology patients at our institution. MATERIALS AND METHODS This mixed methods, cross-sectional study was conducted at a large academic cancer center. Validated survey instruments were used to measure burnout, job demands, experience with patient safety events, and workplace culture. Quantitative data informed development of a semistructured interview guide, and physicians were randomly selected to participate in individual interviews. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed via content analysis based on a priori codes. RESULTS The survey was distributed to 132 physicians, and 53 complete responses were received (response rate 40%). Of the 53 respondents, 15 (28%) met criteria for burnout. Experiencing burnout was associated with increased temporal demand. Twenty-six interviews were conducted. Qualitative themes revealed that frequent meetings, insufficient support staff, and workflow interruptions were key drivers of temporal demand and that temporal demand contributed to burnout through emotional exhaustion and reduced personal accomplishment. CONCLUSION Nearly one-third of participating physicians met criteria for burnout, and burnout was associated with increased temporal demand. Qualitative interviews identified specific drivers of temporal demand and burnout, which can be targeted for intervention. This methodology can be easily adapted for broad use and may represent an effective strategy for identifying and mitigating institution-specific drivers of burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay J. Blazin
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Michael A. Terao
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology and Oncology, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Holly Spraker-Perlman
- Department of Oncology, Division of Quality of Life and Palliative Care, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Justin N. Baker
- Department of Oncology, Division of Quality of Life and Palliative Care, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | | - Belinda N. Mandrell
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Division of Nursing Research, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Jami Gattuso
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Division of Nursing Research, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Janet Sellers
- Department of Psychosocial Services, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Tyler J. Dunn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
- Department of Pharmacy Administration, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS
| | - Zhaohua Lu
- Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - James M. Hoffman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
- Office of Quality and Patient Care, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Jonathan D. Burlison
- Office of Quality and Patient Care, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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19
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An Exploratory Study of a 3-Minute Mindfulness Intervention on Compassion Fatigue in Nurses. Holist Nurs Pract 2021; 34:274-281. [PMID: 33953010 DOI: 10.1097/hnp.0000000000000402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study shows that breathing mindfully for 3 minutes over a period of 4 weeks, positively affects compassion fatigue in nurses. A nonrandomized, pre/postintervention study was conducted using a 3-minute attentional breathing intervention. Thirty-two nurses participated over 4 weeks. The intervention demonstrated statistically significant reductions in compassion fatigue measures.
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20
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Nguyen OT, Jenkins NJ, Khanna N, Shah S, Gartland AJ, Turner K, Merlo LJ. A systematic review of contributing factors of and solutions to electronic health record-related impacts on physician well-being. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2021; 28:974-984. [PMID: 33517382 PMCID: PMC8068432 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocaa339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physicians often describe the electronic health record (EHR) as a cumbersome impediment to meaningful work, which has important implications for physician well-being. This systematic review (1) assesses organizational, physician, and information technology factors associated with EHR-related impacts on physician well-being; and (2) highlights potential improvements to EHR form and function, as recommended by frontline physicians. MATERIALS AND METHODS The MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ProQuest, and Web of Science databases were searched for literature describing EHR use by physicians and markers of well-being. RESULTS After reviewing 7388 article, 35 ultimately met the inclusion criteria. Multiple factors across all levels were associated with EHR-related well-being among physicians. Notable predictors amenable to interventions include (1) total EHR time, (2) after-hours EHR time, (3) on-site EHR support, (4) perceived EHR usability, (5) in-basket burden, and (6) documentation burden. Physician recommendations also echoed these themes. CONCLUSIONS There are multiple complex factors involved in EHR-related well-being among physicians. Our review shows physicians have recommendations that span from federal regulations to organizational policies to EHR modifications. Future research should assess multipronged interventions that address these factors. As primary stakeholders, physicians should be included in the planning and implementation of such modifications to ensure compatibility with physician needs and clinical workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver T Nguyen
- Department of Health Services Administration, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Nyasia J Jenkins
- Department of Patient Administration, Navy Medical Service Corps, U.S. Navy, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Neel Khanna
- Department of Health Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Shivani Shah
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Kea Turner
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Lisa J Merlo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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21
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Alsulimani LK, Farhat AM, Borah RA, AlKhalifah JA, Alyaseen SM, Alghamdi SM, Bajnaid MJ. Health care worker burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey study in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 2021; 42:306-314. [PMID: 33632910 PMCID: PMC7989266 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2021.42.3.20200812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence of burnout among health care workers (HCWs) who are working in Saudi Arabia during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and explore individual and work-related factors associated with burnout in this population. METHODS In this cross-sectional study conducted between June to August of 2020, we invited HCWs through social channels to complete a questionnaire. The questionnaire inquired about demographics, factors related to burnout, and used the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory scale to indicate burnout. A total of 646 HCWs participated. RESULTS The mean (SD) age of participants was 34.1 (9.5) years. Sixty-one percent were female. The prevalence of burnout among HCWs was 75%. Significant factors associated with burnout were age, job title, years of experience, increased working hours during the pandemic, average hours of sleep per day, exposure to patients with COVID-19, number of times tested for COVID-19, and perception of being pushed to deal with COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSION Health care workers as frontline workers, face great challenges during this pandemic, because of the nature of their work. Efforts should be made to promote psychological resilience for HCWs during pandemics. This study points out the factors that should be invested in and the factors that may not be influential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loui K. Alsulimani
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (Alsulimani), from the Faculty of Medicine (Bajnaid), King Abdulaziz University; from the Faculty of Medicine (Borah), Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah; from the Faculty of Medicine (Farhat), Sulaiman Alrajhi College of Medicine, Al Bukairyah; from the Faculty of Medicine (AlKhalifah), King Faisal University, AlAhsaa; from the Faculty of Medicine (Alyaseen), Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh; and from the Faculty of Medicine (Alghamdi), Albaha University, Albaha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Address correspondence and reprint request to: Dr. Loui K. Alsulimani, Department of Emergency Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail: ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4526-1151
| | - Abdulrahman M. Farhat
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (Alsulimani), from the Faculty of Medicine (Bajnaid), King Abdulaziz University; from the Faculty of Medicine (Borah), Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah; from the Faculty of Medicine (Farhat), Sulaiman Alrajhi College of Medicine, Al Bukairyah; from the Faculty of Medicine (AlKhalifah), King Faisal University, AlAhsaa; from the Faculty of Medicine (Alyaseen), Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh; and from the Faculty of Medicine (Alghamdi), Albaha University, Albaha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Renad A. Borah
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (Alsulimani), from the Faculty of Medicine (Bajnaid), King Abdulaziz University; from the Faculty of Medicine (Borah), Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah; from the Faculty of Medicine (Farhat), Sulaiman Alrajhi College of Medicine, Al Bukairyah; from the Faculty of Medicine (AlKhalifah), King Faisal University, AlAhsaa; from the Faculty of Medicine (Alyaseen), Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh; and from the Faculty of Medicine (Alghamdi), Albaha University, Albaha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jumanah A. AlKhalifah
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (Alsulimani), from the Faculty of Medicine (Bajnaid), King Abdulaziz University; from the Faculty of Medicine (Borah), Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah; from the Faculty of Medicine (Farhat), Sulaiman Alrajhi College of Medicine, Al Bukairyah; from the Faculty of Medicine (AlKhalifah), King Faisal University, AlAhsaa; from the Faculty of Medicine (Alyaseen), Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh; and from the Faculty of Medicine (Alghamdi), Albaha University, Albaha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Salman M. Alyaseen
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (Alsulimani), from the Faculty of Medicine (Bajnaid), King Abdulaziz University; from the Faculty of Medicine (Borah), Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah; from the Faculty of Medicine (Farhat), Sulaiman Alrajhi College of Medicine, Al Bukairyah; from the Faculty of Medicine (AlKhalifah), King Faisal University, AlAhsaa; from the Faculty of Medicine (Alyaseen), Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh; and from the Faculty of Medicine (Alghamdi), Albaha University, Albaha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sumaeah M. Alghamdi
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (Alsulimani), from the Faculty of Medicine (Bajnaid), King Abdulaziz University; from the Faculty of Medicine (Borah), Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah; from the Faculty of Medicine (Farhat), Sulaiman Alrajhi College of Medicine, Al Bukairyah; from the Faculty of Medicine (AlKhalifah), King Faisal University, AlAhsaa; from the Faculty of Medicine (Alyaseen), Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh; and from the Faculty of Medicine (Alghamdi), Albaha University, Albaha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Malak J. Bajnaid
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (Alsulimani), from the Faculty of Medicine (Bajnaid), King Abdulaziz University; from the Faculty of Medicine (Borah), Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah; from the Faculty of Medicine (Farhat), Sulaiman Alrajhi College of Medicine, Al Bukairyah; from the Faculty of Medicine (AlKhalifah), King Faisal University, AlAhsaa; from the Faculty of Medicine (Alyaseen), Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh; and from the Faculty of Medicine (Alghamdi), Albaha University, Albaha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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22
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Dhillon V, Xu T, Parikh C. Blockchain Enabled Tracking of Physician Burnout and Stressors During the COVID-19 Pandemic. FRONTIERS IN BLOCKCHAIN 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fbloc.2020.586742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With more than 54 million cases worldwide, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has disrupted every aspect of public life and poses an ever-growing burden on an already strained healthcare system. The emergence of new COVID-19 hot-spots and super-spreader events are placing an immense amount of stress on hospital systems responding to the increased influx of critically ill patients. Healthcare workers and frontline physicians disproportionately bear the additional physical and psychological burdens associated with the appearance of a new hot-spot. However, the mental health implications of COVID-19 for physicians are not well understood. In this perspective piece, we discuss widespread effects of the ongoing pandemic on physician mental health and how blockchain infrastructure can enable digital health technologies in supporting data-driven fatigue mitigation interventions. This is particularly applicable to simplifying physician workflows in newly emerging hot-spots.
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23
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Kumar A, Sinha A, Varma JR, Prabhakaran AM, Phatak AG, Nimbalkar SM. Burnout and its correlates among nursing staff of intensive care units at a tertiary care center. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:443-448. [PMID: 34017768 PMCID: PMC8132798 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1651_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Burnout syndrome has been widely reported in nursing staff. It is more pronounced in intensive care setting (up to 80%). This survey was designed to assess the prevalence of burnout and its correlates among critical care nurses. Methods: Anonymous questionnaire was distributed to all ICU nursing staff of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Questionnaire had 25 questions covering – demography, job characteristics, Visual Analogue Scale for stress, co-worker support, work–life balance, question for measuring burnout, job satisfaction, turnover intention, organizational commitment, for depression screening and psychosomatic symptoms. The burnout scale score was used to dichotomize into low burnout (<3) or high burnout (> = 3) group. These two groups were compared using Chi-square test, Fischer's exact test for categorical variables and independent t-test for continuous variables. Significant variables were entered in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Out of 150 ICU nurses, 125 (83.3%) gave completely filled questionnaires which were evaluated. 47 (37.6%) participants reported experiencing high burnout. Binary logistic regression model revealed that lack of specialized ICU training (OR = 4.28, 95% CI: 1.62 to 11.34, P = 0.003), performing extra duty in last month (OR = 5.28, 95% CI: 1.90 to 14.67, P = 0.001), High physical symptoms in last 12 months (OR = 4.73, 95% CI: 1.56 to 14.36, P = 0.006) and mid-level experience (1–5 years) were significantly associated with burnout. Conclusions: Burnout is significantly prevalent (37.6%) among intensive care nurses. Specialized training and limiting work hours can help in mitigating this problem. High frequency of physical symptoms could be early indicators of burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Pramukhswami Medical College, Bhaikaka University, Karamsad, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Archana Sinha
- Department of Critical Care, Pramukhswami Medical College, Bhaikaka University, Karamsad, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Jagdish R Varma
- Department of Psychiatry, Pramukhswami Medical College, Bhaikaka University, Karamsad, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Anusha M Prabhakaran
- Department of Psychiatry, Pramukhswami Medical College, Bhaikaka University, Karamsad, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Ajay G Phatak
- Department of Central Research Services, Pramukhswami Medical College, Bhaikaka University, Karamsad, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Somshekhar M Nimbalkar
- Department of Neonatology, Pramukhswami Medical College, Bhaikaka University, Karamsad, Anand, Gujarat, India
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24
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Leiss U, Schiller A, Fries J, Voitl P, Peyrl A. Self-Care Strategies and Job Satisfaction in Pediatricians: What We Can Do to Prevent Burnout-Results of a Nationwide Survey. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:722356. [PMID: 34532304 PMCID: PMC8438418 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.722356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Working in the clinical field can be a demanding experience. While reports indicate escalating burnout rates among physicians, further investigation about what physicians can do to prevent burnout is necessary. Our objective was to assess self-care levels among pediatricians and the correlation with job satisfaction in order to subsequently identify protective factors. Methods: In this nationwide, cross-sectional study, a web-based survey was distributed to all Austrian pediatricians via a mailing list of the Austrian Society of Pediatrics. Self-care was measured with a modified Professional Self-Care Scale (PSCS), which consisted of nine items on a four-point Likert scale (from 1, "totally disagree," to 4, "totally agree"). Additional items addressed job satisfaction, peer support, and access to professional coaching. Results: The survey was distributed to 1,450 mailing list contacts, a total of 309 Austrian pediatricians completed the survey (21%). "Family" (M = 3.3) and "Friends" (M = 3.1) were the most highly rated self-care strategies. We found significant differences between pediatricians under 35 years and those aged 50 years and above (z = -4.21, p < 0.001). Peer support appeared to impact job satisfaction substantially. We found differences between pediatricians who frequently talk to colleagues about difficult situations, those who sometimes do so, and those who never do (p < 0.001), with a linear trend indicating increased job satisfaction with more frequent peer support (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Among all self-care strategies, a stable network of family and friends was highest rated, followed by balanced nutrition. Younger, male pediatricians working in hospital showed to be a vulnerable group with regard to overall self-care. Moreover, higher self-care values were found among those pediatricians who reported to receive peer support on a regular basis. We suggest combined organizational and individual interventions to promote pediatricians' well-being. Organizations should provide the possibility to select a well-balanced diet as well as space and time to consume food and cultivate a work environment that enables communication among peers and facilitates professional coaching. On the personal level, we want to encourage pediatricians to talk to trusted colleagues in challenging clinical situations and to consider working with a professional coach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Leiss
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Schiller
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, St. Josef Hospital Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jonathan Fries
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Voitl
- First Vienna Medical Care Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Peyrl
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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25
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Rajapuram N, Langness S, Marshall MR, Sammann A. Medical students in distress: The impact of gender, race, debt, and disability. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243250. [PMID: 33270759 PMCID: PMC7714351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In 2012, over half of US medical students experienced burnout and depression. Since that time, there have been many changes to student demographics, school resources and awareness of burnout in the medical field altogether. New tools are also available to screen for student distress, a condition that correlates with low mental quality-of-life, suicidal ideation and serious thoughts of dropping out. Despite increased attention on wellbeing and improved screening methods, no large-scale studies have evaluated student distress in the modern era of medical education. The objective of this study was to determine the current prevalence of medical student distress and contributing risk factors. Methods Student wellbeing from a national cohort of US medical students was measured with an electronic survey in a prospective, observational survey study from 2019–2020. Medical student distress was defined as a Medical Student Wellbeing Index (MS-WBI) of ≥4. Demographic details including age, race, gender, marital status, disability, desired specialty, and debt burden were evaluated in a multivariate logistic regression model to determine possible risk factors for the development of distress. Results A total of 3,162 students responded to the survey, representing 110 unique medical schools. Of these respondents, 52.9% met criteria for distress and 22% had either taken or considered taking a leave of absence for personal wellbeing. Independent risk factors for distress included involvement in the clinical phase of medical school (OR 1.37); non-male gender (OR 1.6); debt burden >$20,000 (OR 1.37), >$100,000 (OR 1.81), and >$300,000 (OR 1.96); and disability status (OR 1.84). Conclusions Medical student wellbeing remains poor in the modern era of medical education despite increased attention to wellbeing and increased availability of wellbeing resources. Disability status is a novel risk factor for distress identified in this study. The persistence of previously identified risk factors such as non-male gender, debt burden and clinical phase of school suggest that efforts to curb medical student distress have been inadequate to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Rajapuram
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Simone Langness
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Megan R. Marshall
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Amanda Sammann
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
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26
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Lal A, Tharyan A, Tharyan P. The prevalence, determinants and the role of empathy and religious or spiritual beliefs on job stress, job satisfaction, coping, burnout, and mental health in medical and surgical faculty of a teaching hospital: A cross-sectional survey. Rev Med Interne 2020; 41:232-240. [PMID: 31924391 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systematically ascertained data on job stress and burnout and their antecedents and mediators in health professionals from low- and middle-income countries are scant. METHODS This cross sectional survey, conducted from July 2007 to August 2008, of consenting medical and surgical faculty of a large, charitable, teaching hospital aimed to evaluate: 1) the prevalence and sources of job stress and job satisfaction, and the ways used to cope with stress; 2) the prevalence of burnout and mental distress; and 3) the influence of age, gender, empathy and religious or spiritual beliefs on job stress, satisfaction, mental health and burnout. RESULTS Of 345 respondents, high job stress on the Physician Stress and Satisfaction questionnaire were reported by 23%. However, 98% of faculty reported high levels of job satisfaction with deriving intellectual stimulation from teaching and a high level of responsibility identified as important contributory sources. Significantly more respondents aged<45 years compared to older faculty achieved moderate or high scores on Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization. General Health Questionnaire-12 scores suggested psychiatric morbidity in 21%, particularly in younger faculty. High job stress was associated with high scores for Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization. High scores on the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy correlated with high scores of Emotional Exhaustion. Religious or spiritual beliefs strongly influencing attitudes to work were significantly associated with high levels of Personal Accomplishment. CONCLUSIONS This study provides data that will inform the design and implementation of interventions to reduce job stress and burnout and improve retention of faculty.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 55902 Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - A Tharyan
- Department of Psychiatry, Christian Medical College, 632002 Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Tharyan
- Department of Psychiatry, Christian Medical College, 632002 Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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27
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Hamama L, Hamama-Raz Y, Stokar YN, Pat-Horenczyk R, Brom D, Bron-Harlev E. Burnout and perceived social support: The mediating role of secondary traumatization in nurses vs. physicians. J Adv Nurs 2019; 75:2742-2752. [PMID: 31231845 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The study aimed to examine differences between paediatric nurses and physicians regarding burnout syndrome, secondary traumatic stress (STS) and perceived social support (PSS). BACKGROUND Paediatric nurses and physicians encounter cumulative effects of treating sick and injured children and helping their families, in situations that might promote burnout and STS. DESIGN Cross-sectional design. METHOD Nurses (n = 158) and physicians (N = 76) completed self-report questionnaires on STS, PSS and burnout. RESULTS Nurses and physicians had similar rates of STS and burnout but showed significant differences in PSS. Furthermore, STS mediated the association between PSS and burnout for both groups; however, the effect was stronger for nurses in comparison to physicians. CONCLUSION Paediatric nurses and physicians would benefit from participating in interventions geared towards reducing STS, thus minimizing burnout. Moreover, advocating social support within the organization is needed to bolster the ability for coping with sources of stress. IMPACT STATEMENT Nurses' and physicians' involvement in the physical, physiological and mental needs of their paediatric patients might lead to burnout and secondary traumatic stress (STS). However, research on social support in the context of burnout and STS among nurses and physicians is scant. Secondary traumatic stress and burnout were similar for nurses and physicians, though perceived social support (PSS) was higher for nurses. Secondary traumatic stress plays a mediating role in the association between PSS and burnout among nurses and physicians. However, the mediation effect was stronger for nurses. Policy makers would be wise to advocate institutional stress management interventions to reduce secondary traumatic and to reinforce organizational support for nurses and physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Hamama
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Yaffa N Stokar
- School of Social Work and Social Welfare, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ruth Pat-Horenczyk
- School of Social Work and Social Welfare, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Danny Brom
- Metiv, The Israel Psychotrauma Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Efrat Bron-Harlev
- Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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28
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Physician Wellness and Practice Sustainability. Int Anesthesiol Clin 2018; 57:95-113. [PMID: 30520751 DOI: 10.1097/aia.0000000000000212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Riley R, Spiers J, Chew-Graham CA, Taylor AK, Thornton GA, Buszewicz M. 'Treading water but drowning slowly': what are GPs' experiences of living and working with mental illness and distress in England? A qualitative study. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e018620. [PMID: 29724736 PMCID: PMC5942433 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper provides an in-depth account of general practitioners' (GPs) experiences of living and working with mental illness and distress, as part of a wider study reporting the barriers and facilitators to help-seeking for mental illness and burn-out, and sources of stress/distress for GP participants. DESIGN Qualitative study using in-depth interviews with 47 GP participants. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, anonymised and imported into NVivo V.11 to facilitate data management. Data were analysed using a thematic analysis employing the constant comparative method. SETTING England. PARTICIPANTS A purposive sample of GP participants who self-identified as: (1) currently living with mental distress, (2) returning to work following treatment, (3) off sick or retired early as a result of mental distress or (4) without experience of mental distress. Interviews were conducted face to face or over the telephone. RESULTS The findings report GP participants' in-depth experiences of distress and mental illness with many recollecting their distressing experiences and significant psychological and physical symptoms relating to chronic stress, anxiety, depression and/or burn-out, and a quarter articulating thoughts of suicide. Many talked about their shame, humiliation and embarrassment at their perceived inability to cope with the stresses of their job and/or their symptoms of mental illness. CONCLUSIONS These findings paint a concerning picture of the situation affecting primary care doctors, with participants' accounts suggesting there is a considerable degree of mental ill health and reduced well-being among GPs. The solutions are complex and lie in prevention and provision. There needs to be greater recognition of the components and cumulative effect of occupational stressors for doctors, such as the increasing workload and the clinical and emotional demands of the job, as well as the need for a culture shift within medicine to more supportive and compassionate work environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Riley
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Johanna Spiers
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Anna K Taylor
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gail A Thornton
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Marta Buszewicz
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
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30
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Luk AL, Yau AFT. Experiences of Public Doctors on Managing Work Difficulties and Maintaining Professional Enthusiasm in Acute General Hospitals: A Qualitative Study. Front Public Health 2018; 6:19. [PMID: 29552549 PMCID: PMC5840166 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Overseas studies suggest that 10–20% of doctors are depressed, 30–45% have burnout, and many report dissatisfaction with work-life balance. A local study on public doctors showed that 31.4% of the respondents satisfied the criteria for high burnout. Young, but moderately experienced doctors who need to work shifts appeared most vulnerable. This study aims to explore the experiences of those public doctors who have managed their work difficulties and maintained professional enthusiasm for references in medical education and continuing professional training. Method Ten public doctors with reputation were invited respectively from three acute general hospitals for an in-depth interview. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed. Content analysis was carried out to identify major themes in relation to the research questions. Results Three themes emerging from difficulties encountered were (1) managing people, mostly are patients, followed by colleagues and then patients’ relatives; (2) constraints at work, include time and resources; and (3) managing self with decision-making within a short time. Three themes generating from managing work difficulties included (1) self-adjustment with practicing problem solving and learning good communication appeared more frequently, followed by maintaining a professional attitude and accumulating clinical experiences; (2) seeking help from others; and (3) organizational support is also a theme though it is the least mentioned. Four themes emerging from maintaining work enthusiasm were (1) personal conviction and discipline: believing that they are helping the needy, having the sense of vocation and support from religion; disciplining oneself by continuing education, maintaining harmonious family relationship and volunteer work. (2) Challenging work: different challenging natures of their job. (3) Positive feedback from patients: positive encounters with patients keep a connectedness with their clients. (4) Organization support: working with good colleagues and opportunity for continuous training. Conclusion Some implications for medical education include, developing good communication skill for medical students and junior doctors, preparing senior doctors to be mentors, and exploring the motivating force of spirituality/religion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Leung Luk
- Nethersole Institute of Continuing Holistic Health Education, Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Charity Foundation, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Adrian Fai To Yau
- Nethersole Institute of Continuing Holistic Health Education, Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Charity Foundation, Tai Po, Hong Kong
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31
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Riley R, Spiers J, Buszewicz M, Taylor AK, Thornton G, Chew-Graham CA. What are the sources of stress and distress for general practitioners working in England? A qualitative study. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e017361. [PMID: 29326181 PMCID: PMC5780684 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper reports the sources of stress and distress experienced by general practitioners (GP) as part of a wider study exploring the barriers and facilitators to help-seeking for mental illness and burnout among this medical population. DESIGN Qualitative study using in-depth interviews with 47 GP participants. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, anonymised and imported into NVivo V.11 to facilitate data management. Data were analysed using a thematic analysis employing the constant comparative method. SETTING England. PARTICIPANTS A purposive sample of GP participants who self-identified as: (1) currently living with mental distress, (2) returning to work following treatment, (3) off sick or retired early as a result of mental distress or (4) without experience of mental distress. Interviews were conducted face-to-face or over the telephone. RESULTS The key sources of stress/distress related to: (1) emotion work-the work invested and required in managing and responding to the psychosocial component of GPs' work, and dealing with abusive or confrontational patients; (2) practice culture-practice dynamics and collegial conflict, bullying, isolation and lack of support; (3) work role and demands-fear of making mistakes, complaints and inquests, revalidation, appraisal, inspections and financial worries. CONCLUSION In addition to addressing escalating workloads through the provision of increased resources, addressing unhealthy practice cultures is paramount. Collegial support, a willingness to talk about vulnerability and illness, and having open channels of communication enable GPs to feel less isolated and better able to cope with the emotional and clinical demands of their work. Doctors, including GPs, are not invulnerable to the clinical and emotional demands of their work nor the effects of divisive work cultures-culture change and access to informal and formal support is therefore crucial in enabling GPs to do their job effectively and to stay well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Riley
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Johanna Spiers
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Marta Buszewicz
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Gail Thornton
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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32
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Beschoner P, Braun M, Schönfeldt-Lecuona C, Freudenmann RW, von Wietersheim J. [Gender aspects in female and male physicians : Occupational and psychosocial stress]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2017; 59:1343-50. [PMID: 27631321 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-016-2431-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND International studies have shown that physicians have an elevated risk of developing depression or burnout syndrome. Gender aspects with regard to occupation are discussed in German politics and society. Currently, there is little data comparing female and male physicians with regard to stress at work, depression, and burnout. OBJECTIVES Are there differences between male and female physicians with respect to psychosocial strain, emotional exhaustion, and depression? METHODS In different cross-sectional studies, anaesthetists, psychiatrists and dentists filled out a questionnaire containing questions on personal data, occupation, past medical history and medication intake. Additional standardized questionnaires (Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI)) were performed. RESULTS The return rate was 51.8 % (n = 3782). Male and female physicians vary significantly in social data, participation in the job, and health status. Female physicians are on average not married (p < 0.001) and have significantly fewer children (p < 0.05). Leading positions are mostly held by male physicians (p < 0.001); female physicians more often work in part-time jobs (p < 0.001). Female physicians reached higher scores of emotional exhaustion (MBI) (p < 0.01) and depression (BDI) (p < 0.001). DISCUSSION The study shows big differences between male and female physicians with respect to their occupation, personal life, and psychosocial wellbeing. Female physicians more often report burnout and depression. Causes might be family and job strain, gender aspects in hierarchy, as well as different recognition and interpretation of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Beschoner
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Deutschland.
| | - M Braun
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Deutschland
| | - C Schönfeldt-Lecuona
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie III, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Leimgrubenweg 12-14, Ulm, 89075, Deutschland
| | - R W Freudenmann
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie III, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Leimgrubenweg 12-14, Ulm, 89075, Deutschland
| | - J von Wietersheim
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Deutschland
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Salpigktidis II, Paliouras D, Gogakos AS, Rallis T, Schizas NC, Chatzinikolaou F, Niakas D, Sarafis P, Bamidis P, Lazopoulos A, Triadafyllidou S, Zarogoulidis P, Barbetakis N. Burnout syndrome and job satisfaction in Greek residents: exploring differences between trainees inside and outside the country. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:444. [PMID: 27999778 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.11.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to investigate the levels of burnout among Greek residents, highlighting potential differences between those practicing at home and abroad, as well as to investigate correlations with demographic, individual and labor factors. METHODS The research was conducted on a sample of 131 residents, using an anonymous questionnaire which included demographic, individual and labor characteristics, Maslach's Burnout Inventory, questions regarding job and life satisfaction levels, working conditions and the impacts of the economic recession. RESULTS Fifty two point seven percent of the sample were training in the Greek National Health Service (N.H.S.), 27.5% in Germany and 19.8% in the United Kingdom. One out of three residents in the Greek system showed high levels of burnout in all three dimensions of the syndrome, while 51.1%, 72.2% and 30.8% of the Greek, British and German team, respectively, appeared burnt out simultaneously in two dimensions. Levels of job and life satisfactions ranged on average, while workload appeared heavy. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of burnout was associated with gender, specialty, employment characteristics (working hours, autonomy, support etc.), proneness to accidents, country, job satisfaction and quality of life, but was not associated with age or marital status. No correlation was found with susceptibility to medical errors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimitrios Paliouras
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece; ; Thoracic Surgery Department, Theagenio Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Apostolos S Gogakos
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Theagenio Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Thomas Rallis
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Theagenio Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos C Schizas
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Theagenio Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Fotios Chatzinikolaou
- Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Niakas
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece
| | - Pavlos Sarafis
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece; ; Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Panagiotis Bamidis
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece; ; Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | - Paul Zarogoulidis
- Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Barbetakis
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Theagenio Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Villwock JA, Sobin LB, Koester LA, Harris TM. Impostor syndrome and burnout among American medical students: a pilot study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION 2016; 7:364-369. [PMID: 27802178 PMCID: PMC5116369 DOI: 10.5116/ijme.5801.eac4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe levels of burnout and impostor syndrome (IS) in medical students, and to recognize demographic differences in those experiencing burnout and IS. METHODS Anonymous survey administered online in 2014 that included demographic data, the Maslach Burnout Inventory and an IS screening questionnaire. Main outcome measures were level of burnout, and presence or absence of imposter syndrome. The presence of IS and burnout components were analyzed across age, gender, race, year of training, intention to pursue fellowship training, and greater than one year of work experience outside of medicine using chi-squared tests. The association between burnout and IS was also compared using chi-squared tests. RESULTS One hundred and thirty-eight students completed the questionnaire. Female gender was significantly associated with IS (χ2(3)=10.6, p=0.004) with more than double the percentage of females displaying IS than their male counterparts (49.4% of females versus 23.7% of males). IS was significantly associated with the burnout components of exhaustion (χ2 (2)=5.9, p=0.045), cynicism (χ2(2)=9.4, p=0.004), emotional exhaustion (χ2(2)=8.0, p=0.018), and depersonalization (χ2 (2)=10.3, p=0.006). The fourth year of medical school was significantly associated with IS (χ2(3)=10.5, p=0.015). CONCLUSIONS Almost a quarter of male medical students and nearly half of female students experience IS and IS was found to be significantly associated with burnout indices. Given the high psychological morbidity of these conditions, this association cannot be ignored. It behooves us to reconsider facets of medical education (i.e. shame-based learning and overall teaching style) and optimize the medical learning environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Villwock
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA
| | - Lindsay B. Sobin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lindsey A. Koester
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tucker M. Harris
- Arnot Medical Services, Arnot Ogden Medical Center, Elmira, NY, USA
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Abstract
This exploratory study determined the impact of organizational structure, particularly participation in decision making, instrumental communication, formalization, integration, and promotional opportunity, on burnout among Pakistani pediatric nurses. Data were collected from pediatric nurses working for Punjab’s largest state-run hospital. The findings revealed that participation in decision making, instrumental communication, and promotional opportunity prevented burnout. Formalization contributed to burnout but integration was not related to burnout. Quite interestingly, except for supervisory status, most control variables for this study were not significantly related to emotional burnout. Hence, the hypothesis that organizational structure is a determinant of job burnout was accepted.
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Kemper KJ, Larrimore D, Dozier J, Woods C. Impact of a Medical School Elective in Cultivating Compassion Through Touch Therapies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1533210106288291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the impact of an elective for second-year students on cultivating compassion through complementary and alternative medicine practices including therapeutic touch and healing touch. Course participants completed demographic questions, precourse and postcourse questions about confidence and practice in compassion, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Those who completed the elective reported significant improvements in confidence, practice, and sense of personal achievement. For example, for the statement, “I am confident in being calm, peaceful and focused (centered) before and during patient encounters,” scores improved from 1.7 to 8.0 on a 10-point scale ( p < .01). Optimism about future practice improved from 5.5 before to 7.9 after the course ( p < .05). Scores significantly improved for confidence and practice of compassion and optimism about future practice. Such electives may improve desired skills and help reduce burnout. Additional research is needed to determine the impact of such electives on quality of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathi J. Kemper
- Caryl J. Guth Chair for Holistic and Integrative Medicine; Pediatrics and Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157;
| | | | | | - Charles Woods
- Departments of Pediatrics and Public Health Sciences at Wake Forest University School of Medicine
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Abernethy AP. A Balanced Approach to Physician Responsibilities: Oncologists' Duties toward Themselves. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2016:e9-e14. [PMID: 24451840 DOI: 10.14694/edbook_am.2012.32.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although critical to the provision of best patient care, physician self-care is an underattended aspect of responsibility in the medical professions, including oncology. Neglecting self-care bears negative consequences for the individual oncologist, ranging from burnout and fatigue to interpersonal and relationship stress, addiction, and disruptive behavior. It may also contribute to medical errors, disinterest in or depersonalization of patient care, and lower quality of care. Because of its effect on physicians, patients, and the health care environment, physician self-care is increasingly recognized as an important professional responsibility. Nonetheless, professional obligations, competing demands on time, and personal priorities conspire to prevent a large proportion of oncologists from adequately attending to self-care in even simple ways, such as getting sufficient exercise and sleep. This chapter discusses the need for physician self-care and the repercussions of not meeting this fundamental responsibility. Self-care is described in the context of three life domains: professional, personal (physical, psychological, mental, and spiritual), and interpersonal (relationships, family, social, and community). Strategies are provided for caring for the self in each domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy P Abernethy
- From the Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, and the Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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Mehta DH, Perez GK, Traeger L, Park ER, Goldman RE, Haime V, Chittenden EH, Denninger JW, Jackson VA. Building Resiliency in a Palliative Care Team: A Pilot Study. J Pain Symptom Manage 2016; 51:604-8. [PMID: 26550936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Palliative care clinicians (PCCs) are vulnerable to burnout as a result of chronic stress related to working with seriously ill patients. Burnout can lead to absenteeism, ineffective communication, medical errors, and job turnover. Interventions that promote better coping with stress are needed in this population. OBJECTIVES This pilot study tested the feasibility of the Relaxation Response Resiliency Program for Palliative Care Clinicians, a program targeted to decrease stress and increase resiliency, in a multidisciplinary cohort of PCCs (N = 16) at a major academic medical center. METHODS A physician delivered the intervention over two months in five sessions (12 hours total). Data were collected the week before the program start and two months after completion. The main outcome was feasibility of the program. Changes in perceived stress, positive and negative affect, perspective taking, optimism, satisfaction with life, and self-efficacy were examined using nonparametric statistical tests. Effect size was quantified using Cohen's d. RESULTS The intervention was feasible; all participants attended at least four of the five sessions, and there was no attrition. After the intervention, participants showed reductions in perceived stress and improvements in perspective taking. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that a novel team-based resiliency intervention based on elicitation of the relaxation response was feasible and may help promote resiliency and protect against the negative consequences of stress for PCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshan H Mehta
- Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Giselle K Perez
- Mongan Institute for Health Policy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lara Traeger
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elyse R Park
- Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Mongan Institute for Health Policy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roberta E Goldman
- Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vivian Haime
- Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eva H Chittenden
- Division of Palliative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John W Denninger
- Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vicki A Jackson
- Division of Palliative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Balboni MJ, Bandini J, Mitchell C, Epstein-Peterson ZD, Amobi A, Cahill J, Enzinger AC, Peteet J, Balboni T. Religion, Spirituality, and the Hidden Curriculum: Medical Student and Faculty Reflections. J Pain Symptom Manage 2015; 50:507-15. [PMID: 26025271 PMCID: PMC5267318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Religion and spirituality play an important role in physicians' medical practice, but little research has examined their influence within the socialization of medical trainees and the hidden curriculum. OBJECTIVES The objective is to explore the role of religion and spirituality as they intersect with aspects of medicine's hidden curriculum. METHODS Semiscripted, one-on-one interviews and focus groups (n = 33 respondents) were conducted to assess Harvard Medical School student and faculty experiences of religion/spirituality and the professionalization process during medical training. Using grounded theory, theme extraction was performed with interdisciplinary input (medicine, sociology, and theology), yielding a high inter-rater reliability score (kappa = 0.75). RESULTS Three domains emerged where religion and spirituality appear as a factor in medical training. First, religion/spirituality may present unique challenges and benefits in relation to the hidden curriculum. Religious/spiritual respondents more often reported to struggle with issues of personal identity, increased self-doubt, and perceived medical knowledge inadequacy. However, religious/spiritual participants less often described relationship conflicts within the medical team, work-life imbalance, and emotional stress arising from patient suffering. Second, religion/spirituality may influence coping strategies during encounters with patient suffering. Religious/spiritual trainees described using prayer, faith, and compassion as means for coping whereas nonreligious/nonspiritual trainees discussed compartmentalization and emotional repression. Third, levels of religion/spirituality appear to fluctuate in relation to medical training, with many trainees experiencing an increase in religiousness/spirituality during training. CONCLUSION Religion/spirituality has a largely unstudied but possibly influential role in medical student socialization. Future study is needed to characterize its function within the hidden curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Balboni
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Julia Bandini
- Department of Sociology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christine Mitchell
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Ada Amobi
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan Cahill
- Theology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrea C Enzinger
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John Peteet
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tracy Balboni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Schnitzlein CW, Lee DJ, Wise JE, Warner CH. Both Feet In: Maintaining an Academic Focus During the Transition from Residency to a First Military Assignment. ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF DIRECTORS OF PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENCY TRAINING AND THE ASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY 2015; 39:372-375. [PMID: 26122348 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-015-0369-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maintenance of an academic focus is difficult for military residents transitioning into their first duty assignment. METHOD Building upon previous work on this subject, the authors present an updated and expanded junior faculty development model organized around seven overlapping domains: mentorship, scholarship, research, career planning, openness to experience, networking with other disciplines, and responsibility seeking. Using these seven domains as a platform for discussion, the authors focus on challenges facing early-career military psychiatrists and provide guidance based upon personal experience and limited applicable research. RESULTS The authors believe that highly successful early-career psychiatrists wishing to maintain an academic focus possess a proactive attitude, obtain skillful mentoring, work well with others, and are able to adapt to new environments. CONCLUSION Through conscious planning and goal setting, they are able to capitalize on opportunities as they become available.
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Stoeckel M, Duke D. Diabetes and Behavioral Learning Principles: Often Neglected yet Well-Known and Empirically Validated Means of Optimizing Diabetes Care Behavior. Curr Diab Rep 2015; 15:39. [PMID: 25957526 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-015-0615-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Managing diabetes is known to be invasive, pervasive, and unrelenting, making adherence to the treatment regimen difficult to accomplish. Ongoing clinical and research efforts have attempted to address the struggles faced by youth and adults with diabetes. Recent research supports the integration of behavioral interventions into clinical practice to assist patients and families with the goal of improving health outcomes. Empirically supported and well-documented behavioral learning principles, particularly positive reinforcement, are often underutilized in modern diabetes care. We posit that most diabetes care providers are aware of these principles. However, the constraints of today's medical systems have become significant barriers to purposefully and consistently applying them to promote improved diabetes care. We provide a brief overview of basic behavioral principles and common barriers to implementation, discuss relevant interventions, and present several examples of applications in clinical settings. We conclude with recommendations to raise awareness regarding the importance of consistently integrating relevant behavioral learning principles and interventions into diabetes care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Stoeckel
- Division of Psychology, Child Development and Rehabilitation Center, Oregon Health and Science University, 707 SW Gaines Street, Portland, OR, USA,
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Papathanasiou IV. Work-related Mental Consequences: Implications of Burnout on Mental Health Status Among Health Care Providers. Acta Inform Med 2015; 23:22-8. [PMID: 25870487 PMCID: PMC4384854 DOI: 10.5455/aim.2015.23.22-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Burnout can create problems in every aspect of individual's' human life. It may have an adverse effect on interpersonal and family relations and can lead to a general negative attitude towards life. AIM The purpose of this study is to investigate whether burnout is associated with the mental health status of health care providers. MATERIAL AND METHODS The sample in this study consisted of 240 health care employees. The Greek version of Maslach's Burnout Inventory (MBI) was used for measuring burnout levels and the Greek version of the Symptoms Rating Scale for Depression and Anxiety (SRSDA) questionnaire was used to evaluate health care providers' mental health status. Descriptive statistics were initially generated for sample characteristics. Normality was checked by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and data was processed with parametric tests. General linear models with MBI dimensions as independent variables and SRSDA subscales as dependent variables were used to determine the relation between burnout and mental health status. Statistics were processed with SPSS v. 17.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Statistical significance was set at p=0.05. RESULTS The average age of the sample is 40.00±7.95 years. Regarding gender the percentage of men is 21.40% (N=49) and of women is 78.60% (N=180). Overall the professional burnout of health care workers is moderate. The mean score for emotional exhaustion is 26.41, for personal accomplishment 36.70 and for depersonalization 9.81. The mean for each subscale of SRSDA is 8.23±6.79 for Depression Beck-21, 3.96±4.26 for Depression Beck-13, 4.91±4.44 for Melancholia, 6.32±4.35 for Asthenia and 6.36±4.72 for Anxiety. The results of general linear models with the MBI dimensions as independent variables and the SRSDA subscales as dependent variables are shown that emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment are statistically correlated with all subscales of SRSDA, while depersonalization is not correlated with any SRSDA subscale. CONCLUSIONS Burnout appears to implicate mental health status of healthcare providers in work index. Emotional exhaustion is the burnout dimension that is correlated the most with employees' mental health.
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Moody K, Kramer D, Santizo RO, Magro L, Wyshogrod D, Ambrosio J, Castillo C, Lieberman R, Stein J. Helping the Helpers. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs 2013; 30:275-84. [DOI: 10.1177/1043454213504497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Burnout, a syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and diminished feelings of accomplishment, is common among pediatric oncology staff. This study explores a mindfulness-based course (MBC) to decrease burnout in a multidisciplinary group of pediatric oncology staff members in the United States and Israel. Materials and methods. Forty-eight participants, mostly nurses, were randomized to either the MBC intervention or a control group. MBC participants received eight weekly sessions of mindfulness education. The primary outcome studied was burnout. Secondary outcomes studied included depression and perceived stress. Results. Nearly 100% of the subjects exhibited signs of burnout at baseline and MBC did not result in any significant improvement in scores on burnout, perceived stress or depression scales. Qualitative analysis of diaries kept by subjects revealed reduced stress, improved inner peace, compassion and joy, better focus and self-awareness and less somatic symptoms in the intervention arm. Conclusions. Burnout is a major problem in pediatric oncology staff. Mindfulness practices can be taught in the workplace and may be a useful component of a multidimensional strategy to reduce burnout in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Moody
- Children’s Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jerry Stein
- Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
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Wu H, Liu L, Wang Y, Gao F, Zhao X, Wang L. Factors associated with burnout among Chinese hospital doctors: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:786. [PMID: 23985038 PMCID: PMC3765838 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Burnout has been a major concern in the field of occupational health. However, there is a paucity of research exploring the factors related to burnout among Chinese doctors. Investigation of these factors is important to improve the health of doctors and the quality of healthcare services in China. Methods The study population consisted of 1,618 registered hospital doctors from Liaoning province of China. Burnout was measured using the Chinese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey. Occupational stress was measured using the Chinese versions of the Job Content Questionnaire and the Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire. Data were collected on the respondents’ demographic characteristics and work situations. Of the doctors solicited for enrollment, 1,202 returned the completed questionnaire (555 men, 647 women), giving a response rate of 74.3%. A general linear regression model was applied to analyze the factors associated with burnout. Results The burnout mean scores were 11.46 (7.51) for emotional exhaustion, 6.93 (5.15) for cynicism, and 24.07 (9.50) for professional efficacy. In descending order of standardized estimates, variables that predicted a high level of emotional exhaustion included: high extrinsic effort, dissatisfaction with doctor-patient relationship, high overcommitment, working >40 h per week, low reward, and high psychological job demands. Variables that predicted a high level of cynicism included: high extrinsic effort, low reward, dissatisfaction with doctor-patient relationship, high overcommitment, low decision authority, low supervisor support, and low skill discretion. Variables that predicted a low perceived professional efficacy included: high psychological job demands, low coworker support, high extrinsic effort, low decision authority, low reward, and dissatisfaction with doctor-patient relationship. Conclusions These findings suggest that occupational stress is strongly related to burnout among hospital doctors in China. Strategies that aim to improve work situations and decrease occupational stress are necessary to reduce burnout, including health education, health promotion, and occupational training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wu
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No, 92 Beier Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China.
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Khamisa N, Peltzer K, Oldenburg B. Burnout in relation to specific contributing factors and health outcomes among nurses: a systematic review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:2214-40. [PMID: 23727902 PMCID: PMC3717733 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10062214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nurses have been found to experience higher levels of stress-related burnout compared to other health care professionals. Despite studies showing that both job satisfaction and burnout are effects of exposure to stressful working environments, leading to poor health among nurses, little is known about the causal nature and direction of these relationships. The aim of this systematic review is to identify published research that has formally investigated relationships between these variables. Six databases (including CINAHL, COCHRANE, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PROQUEST and PsyINFO) were searched for combinations of keywords, a manual search was conducted and an independent reviewer was asked to cross validate all the electronically identified articles. Of the eighty five articles that were identified from these databases, twenty one articles were excluded based on exclusion criteria; hence, a total of seventy articles were included in the study sample. The majority of identified studies exploring two and three way relationships (n = 63) were conducted in developed countries. Existing research includes predominantly cross-sectional studies (n = 68) with only a few longitudinal studies (n = 2); hence, the evidence base for causality is still very limited. Despite minimal availability of research concerning the small number of studies to investigate the relationships between work-related stress, burnout, job satisfaction and the general health of nurses, this review has identified some contradictory evidence for the role of job satisfaction. This emphasizes the need for further research towards understanding causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Khamisa
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Monash South Africa, 144 Peter Road, Roodepoort, Johannesburg 1725, South Africa
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Melbourne 3800, Australia; E-Mail:
| | - Karl Peltzer
- Human Science Research Council, 134 Pretorius Street, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; E-Mail:
- University of Limpopo, University Street, Turfloop, Sovenga, Polokwane 0727, South Africa
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya 73170, Thailand
| | - Brian Oldenburg
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Melbourne 3800, Australia; E-Mail:
- Monash Alfred Hospital Campus, Level 3 Burnet Tower, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne 3004, Australia
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Barilan YM, Brusa M. Deliberation at the hub of medical education: beyond virtue ethics and codes of practice. MEDICINE, HEALTH CARE, AND PHILOSOPHY 2013; 16:3-12. [PMID: 22740074 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-012-9419-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Although both codes of practice and virtue ethics are integral to the ethos and history of "medical professionalism", the two trends appear mutually incompatible. Hence, in the first part of the paper we explore and explicate this apparent conflict and seek a direction for medical education. The theoretical and empirical literature indicates that moral deliberation may transcend the incompatibilities between the formal and the virtuous, may enhance moral and other aspects of personal sensitivity, may help design and improve other parts of the curricula, and may foster self-awareness and clarification of the professional role. Not only are these goals essential for good and conscientious doctoring, but they may also reduce physicians' "burn-out". We argue that medical education should focus on the ubiquitous practice of deliberation in contemporary medicine, and especially the practice of moral deliberation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Barilan
- Department of Medical Education, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Enoch L, Chibnall JT, Schindler DL, Slavin SJ. Association of medical student burnout with residency specialty choice. MEDICAL EDUCATION 2013; 47:173-81. [PMID: 23323656 DOI: 10.1111/medu.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Given the trend among medical students away from primary care medicine and toward specialties that allow for more controllable lifestyles, the identification of factors associated with specialty choice is important. Burnout is one such factor. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between burnout and residency specialty choice in terms of provision for a less versus more controllable lifestyle (e.g. internal medicine versus dermatology) and a lower versus higher income (e.g. paediatrics versus anaesthesiology). METHODS A survey was sent to 165 Year 4 medical students who had entered the residency matching system. Students answered questions about specialty choice, motivating factors (lifestyle, patient care and prestige) and perceptions of medicine as a profession. They completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services (MBI), which defines burnout in relation to emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalisation (DP) and personal accomplishment (PA). Burnout and other variables were tested for associations with specialty lifestyle controllability and income. RESULTS A response rate of 88% (n = 145) was achieved. Experiences of MBI-EE, MBI-DP and MBI-PA burnout were reported by 42 (29%), 26 (18%) and 30 (21%) students, respectively. Specialties with less controllable lifestyles were chosen by 87 (60%) students and lower-income specialties by 81 (56%). Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) indicated that the choice of a specialty with a more controllable lifestyle was associated with higher MBI-EE burnout (OR = 1.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-2.96), as well as stronger lifestyle- and prestige-related motivation, and weaker patient care-related motivation. The choice of a higher-income specialty was associated with lower MBI-PA burnout (OR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.32-0.98), weaker lifestyle- and patient care-related motivation, and stronger prestige-related motivation. CONCLUSIONS Specialty choices regarding lifestyle controllability and income were associated with the amount and type of medical school burnout, as well as with lifestyle-, prestige- and patient care-related motivation. Given that burnout may influence specialty choice, particularly with regard to the primary care specialties, medical schools may consider the utility of burnout prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Enoch
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63104, USA
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Tayfur O, Arslan M. The role of lack of reciprocity, supervisory support, workload and work-family conflict on exhaustion: evidence from physicians. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2013; 18:564-75. [PMID: 23330970 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2012.756535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Emotional exhaustion, argued to be burnout's core dimension, can manifest itself as decreased productivity and job dissatisfaction. This study aims to determine how lack of reciprocity, lack of supervisory support, high workload, and work-family conflict affect emotional exhaustion. Data were collected from 295 physicians working at private and public hospitals in Antalya and İstanbul, Turkey. The survey included lack of reciprocity, supervisory support, workload, WFC items, and exhaustion subscale of Maslach Burnout Inventrory: General Survey (MBI:GS). The proposed model was tested using AMOS 17, which enables assessment of hypothesized relations and degree of fit between data and model. Workload and lack reciprocity were found to increase emotional exhaustion, while supervisory support alleviated the exhaustion physicians experienced. As expected, workload increased work-family conflict. Quite unexpectedly, workload was associated with lack of reciprocity; meaning, physicians more likely perceive their efforts go unappreciated and their patient relationships are inequitable (i.e. investing more than receiving) when they perceive a high workload. In addition, supervisory support was also associated with lack of reciprocity. Physicians experiencing inadequate supervisory support tend to describe their patient relationships in negative terms and perceive inequitable relations. Physicians who do not receive either adequate supervisory support or patient appreciation tend to feel emotionally exhausted. Moreover, both workload and work-family conflict increase physicians' exhaustion. Suggestions to reduce workload and social problems in hospitals are offered to reduce exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Tayfur
- a Business Administration , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
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Slavin SJ, Schindler D, Chibnall JT, Fendell G, Shoss M. PERMA: a model for institutional leadership and culture change. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2012; 87:1481. [PMID: 23111270 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0b013e31826c525a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J Slavin
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, USA.
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Roth M, Morrone K, Moody K, Kim M, Wang D, Moadel A, Levy A. Career burnout among pediatric oncologists. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57:1168-73. [PMID: 21548010 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.23121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burnout is a work-related syndrome consisting of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and diminished feelings of personal accomplishment. Physicians who care for patients with life-threatening illnesses are at high risk for developing burnout. This survey evaluates the prevalence of burnout among pediatric oncologists, and assesses risk factors associated with the development of burnout. PROCEDURE A questionnaire was sent via email to 1,047 practicing pediatric oncologists. The survey included the 22 question Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), as well as questions regarding work-related and lifestyle-related factors associated with developing burnout. RESULTS Four hundred ten pediatric oncologists (40%) responded to the survey. Thirty-eight percent of pediatric oncologists had high levels of burnout on the MBI, while 72% had at least moderate levels of burnout. Women (47% vs. 32%, P < 0.004) and physicians practicing for <10 years (50% vs. 33%, P < 0.004) had significantly higher rates of burnout. Physicians who reported satisfaction with their lives outside of work were less likely to have burnout (odds ratio 0.238, 0.143-0.396, P < 0.001). The availability of a forum for debriefing, and services for physicians affected by burnout were both associated with lower rates of burnout (24% vs. 46%, P < 0.001 and 23% vs. 46%, P < 0.001). Thirty-six percent of respondents reported their institution has a forum for debriefing and 40% of respondents reported their institution has services available for physicians experiencing symptoms of burnout. CONCLUSIONS Approximately three quarters of pediatric oncologists experience burnout. Further research is needed on the effectiveness of interventions aimed at preventing and treating work-related burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Roth
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York 10467, USA.
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