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Bullock TA, Mack JA, Negrey J, Kaw U, Hu B, Anand S, Hasan T, Warren CB, Maytin EV. Significant Association of Poly-A and Fok1 Polymorphic Alleles of the Vitamin D Receptor with Vitamin D Serum Levels and Incidence of Squamous Cutaneous Neoplasia. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:1538-1547. [PMID: 36813159 PMCID: PMC10439970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D3, a prohormone, is converted to circulating calcidiol and then to calcitriol, the hormone that binds to the vitamin D receptor (VDR) (a nuclear transcription factor). Polymorphic genetic sequence variants of the VDR are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer and melanoma. However, the relationship between VDR allelic variants and the risk of squamous cell carcinoma and actinic keratosis remains unclear. We examined the associations between two VDR polymorphic sites, Fok1 and Poly-A, and serum calcidiol levels, actinic keratosis lesion incidence, and the history of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in 137 serially enrolled patients. By evaluating the Fok1 (F) and (f) alleles and the Poly-A long (L) and short (S) alleles together, a strong association between genotypes FFSS or FfSS and high calcidiol serum levels (50.0 ng/ml) was found; conversely, ffLL patients showed very low calcidiol levels (29.1 ng/ml). Interestingly, the FFSS and FfSS genotypes were also associated with reduced actinic keratosis incidence. For Poly-A, additive modeling showed that Poly-A (L) is a risk allele for squamous cell carcinoma, with an OR of 1.55 per copy of the L allele. We conclude that actinic keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma should be added to the list of squamous neoplasias that are differentially regulated by the VDR Poly-A allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A Bullock
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Judith A Mack
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey Negrey
- Clinical Research Unit, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Urvashi Kaw
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sanjay Anand
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christine B Warren
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Edward V Maytin
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Nautiyal R, Bhatnagar P. Deciphering the role of vitamin D on skin cancers and tumour microenvironment. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2023; 0:1-10. [PMID: 37609744 DOI: 10.25259/ijdvl_1236_2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Skin cancer is a significant health burden being the fourth most common cancer globally and accounts for 6.2% of the total combined cancer cases. However, mortality rates due to skin cancer are less when compared with other cancers, but it is significantly high in the Asian population (43%). DNA mutations and environmental and genetic factors are linked with skin cancer prognosis; however, long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation remains one of the leading factors worldwide. Sun exposure is a major environmental risk factor for skin cancers but is also an essential source of vitamin D. On the other hand, studies exploring the relationship between skin cancer risk and vitamin D show mixed, somewhat conflicting results. This study investigates the role of vitamin D and skin carcinogenesis to clarify the associations. Moreover, in addition to suppressing cancer stem cells, it has been observed that vitamin D also regulates tumor initiation and metastasis. In conclusion, the incorporation of well-designed studies on the metabolism of vitamin D from a genotypic and phenotypic perspective is required to understand the intricate mechanisms linking the role of vitamin D in skin carcinogenesis. These new findings will open up new pathways in targeting the disease and lead to novel opportunities for its treatment and cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Nautiyal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | - Priyanka Bhatnagar
- Disease Biology Segment, Quick IsCool, Aitele Research LLP, Bihar, India
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3
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Vitamin D and Multiple Myeloma: A Scoping Review. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:3263-3276. [PMID: 36975461 PMCID: PMC10047650 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30030248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
As the global incidence of multiple myeloma (MM) increases, the identification of modifiable risk factors for disease prevention becomes paramount. Maintaining optimal vitamin D status is a candidate for prevention efforts, based on pre-clinical evidence of a possible role in disease activity and progression. A structured scoping review was performed to identify and describe human-level research regarding the association between vitamin D and MM risk and/or prognosis. Searches of three databases (OVID-Medline, OVID-Embase, and OVID-Cochrane Library) yielded 15 included publications. Vitamin D deficiency is fairly common among patients with MM, with 42.3% of participants in the studies identified as having a vitamin D deficiency. No included publication reported on vitamin D status and the risk of developing or being newly diagnosed with MM. Possible associations with vitamin D that warrant future exploration include the incident staging of MM disease, the occurrence of peripheral neuropathy, and survival/prognosis. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms associated with MM also warrant further investigation. Overall, this scoping review was effective in mapping the research regarding vitamin D and MM and may help support new hypotheses to better describe this association and to better address identified knowledge gaps in the literature.
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Zhang L, Pozsgai É, Song Y, Macharia J, Alfatafta H, Zheng J, Li Z, Liu H, Kiss I. The relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms and skin cancer susceptibility: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1094309. [PMID: 36874118 PMCID: PMC9975575 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1094309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) interfere with the function of certain genes and thus may influence the probability of skin cancer. The correlation between SNPs and skin cancer (SC) lacks statistical power, however. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the gene polymorphisms involved in skin cancer susceptibility using network meta-analysis and to determine the relationship between SNPs and SC risk. Methods PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for articles including "SNP" and different types of SC as keywords between January 2005 and May 2022. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess bias judgments. The odds ratio (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined to estimate heterogeneity within and between studies. Meta-analysis and network meta-analysis were carried out to identify the SNPs associated with SC. The P-score of each SNP was compared to obtain the rank of probability. Subgroup analyses were performed by cancer type. Results A total of 275 SNPs from 59 studies were included in the study. Two subgroup SNP networks using the allele model and dominant model were analyzed. The alternative alleles of rs2228570 (FokI) and rs13181 (ERCC2) were the first-ranking SNPs in both subgroups one and two of the allele model, respectively. The homozygous dominant genotype and heterozygous genotype of rs475007 in subgroup one and the homozygous recessive genotype of rs238406 in subgroup two were most likely to be associated with skin cancer based on the dominant model. Conclusions According to the allele model, SNPs FokI rs2228570 and ERCC2 rs13181 and, according to the dominant model, SNPs MMP1 rs475007 and ERCC2 rs238406 are closely linked to SC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Health Science, Doctoral School of Health Science, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Éva Pozsgai
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Yongan Song
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - John Macharia
- Department of Health Science, Doctoral School of Health Science, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Huda Alfatafta
- Department of Health Science, Doctoral School of Health Science, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Jia Zheng
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhaoyi Li
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - István Kiss
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
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Wan Y, Lyu Y, Xu Y, Huang P. The relationship between VDR polymorphisms and keratinocyte carcinomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Future Oncol 2022; 18:2613-2626. [PMID: 35786964 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-1632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To perform a meta-analysis to assess the association between common VDR polymorphisms (Fok1, Taq1, Apa1, Bsm1) and keratinocyte carcinomas (KCs) susceptibility. Methods & materials: databases were searched up to November 2021. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% CIs were evaluated in the association. Results: This meta-analysis included seven articles. KC (and its subtypes) risks are found to be associated with Fok1 (BCC: ff vs FF+Ff: OR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.14-3.97; SCC: ff vs FF+Ff: OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.09-2.18) and Taq1 (BCC: Tt vs TT: OR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.35-2.93; tt vs TT: OR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.27-3.43; Tt +tt vs TT: OR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.41-2.90) polymorphisms. Conclusion: This study suggests that the Fok1 f allele and the Taq1 t allele are associated with increased susceptibility to KC and its subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Wan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Queen Mary, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yanshuang Lyu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Queen Mary, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Queen Mary, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
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6
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Aşkın Ö, Uzunçakmak TKÜ, Altunkalem N, Tüzün Y. Vitamin deficiencies/hypervitaminosis and the skin. Clin Dermatol 2021; 39:847-857. [PMID: 34785012 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vitamins are an indispensable food source and important owing to the enzyme cofactor and catalytic roles they play in the body. Fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, K, and B12, are stored in the body and can cause problems with their excessive accumulation. Other vitamins rarely accumulate in the body because they dissolve in water and are excreted through the kidneys. Alcoholism, strict diets, insufficient parental nutrition, and gastrointestinal absorption problems may be included in the causes of vitamin deficiencies. Although clinical findings of vitamin deficiencies display different characteristics depending on the vitamins, the signs that generally occur are cutaneous pigmentation, pigmentation on mucous membranes, palmoplantar keratoderma characterized by fissures, palmar streaking, yellow streaking on the nails, nail layering, and intranail hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Aşkın
- Dermatology Department, İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | | | - Neval Altunkalem
- Dermatology Department, İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Yalçın Tüzün
- Altınbaş University, Medical Park Bahçelievler Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
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Vitamin D and the Risk of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis on Behalf of the Italian Melanoma Intergroup. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194815. [PMID: 34638299 PMCID: PMC8508211 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Vitamin D has been extensively studied in relation to cancer risk at several body sites, but its relationship with non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), the most frequent malignancy in humans, is still unclear. Here, we performed a systematic literature search and meta-analysis of published studies and did not find convincing evidence that a causal association exists between vitamin D intake (from foods and supplements), vitamin D blood concentration, or polymorphisms of the genes coding for the vitamin D receptor and binding protein, and NMSC risk. Abstract We aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the link between vitamin D and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). For this purpose, we conducted a systematic literature review (updated to 3 February 2021) and meta-analysis of the studies reporting on the association between vitamin D intake (from diet and supplements) and blood concentration, polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) genes, and the risk of NMSC. Random effects meta-analysis models were fitted to merge study-specific risk estimates into summary relative risk (SRR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). Twenty-four studies altogether were included. There was a suggestive association between increasing serum/plasma vitamin D concentration and NMSC risk (SRR for highest vs. lowest concentration 1.67, 95%CI 0.61–4.56), although with large heterogeneity across studies (I2 = 91%). NMSC risk was associated with highest vitamin D intake in observational studies but not in clinical trials. Finally, there was no significant association between any polymorphism of the VDR and VDBP genes and NMSC risk. In conclusion, no strong relationship between vitamin D metabolism and NMSC risk appears to exist according to our systematic review and meta-analysis, although some findings are worthy of further investigation.
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Vitamin D and Vitamin D Analogs as Adjuncts to Field Therapy Treatments for Actinic Keratoses: Current Research and Future Approaches. J Skin Cancer 2021; 2021:9920558. [PMID: 34306760 PMCID: PMC8249223 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9920558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinic keratoses (AK), also known as solar keratoses, are precancerous hyperkeratotic papules caused by long-term exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Management of AK prior to progression to cutaneous malignancy represents an important window of intervention. This is important on a population level, given the high incidence, morbidity, financial costs, and the low but measurable risk of mortality from cutaneous neoplasia. Treatments for AK have been refined for many years with significant progress over the past decade. Those recent advancements lead to questions about current treatment paradigms and the role of harnessing the immune system in field therapies. Recent studies suggest a key interplay between vitamin D and cancer immunity; in particular, the systemic and/or topical vitamin D analogs can augment field therapies used for severe actinic damage. In this review, we will examine the literature supporting the use of vitamin D-directed therapies to improve field therapy approaches. An enhanced understanding of these recent concepts with a focus on mechanisms is important in the optimized management of AK. These mechanisms will be critical in guiding whether selected populations, including those with immunosuppression, heritable cancer syndromes, and other risk factors for skin cancer, can benefit from these new concepts with vitamin D analogs and whether the approaches will be as effective in these populations as in immunocompetent patients.
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Gnagnarella P, Raimondi S, Aristarco V, Johansson H, Bellerba F, Corso F, De Angelis SP, Belloni P, Caini S, Gandini S. Ethnicity as modifier of risk for Vitamin D receptors polymorphisms: Comprehensive meta-analysis of all cancer sites. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 158:103202. [PMID: 33387627 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D receptors polymorphisms are found to be associated with several cancers. Since their prevalence vary across ethnicities and ethnicity itself seems to influence the cancer risk, a comprehensive meta-analysis was performed to investigate the role of VDR Fok1, Bsm1, Taq1, Apa1, Cdx2 and cancer risk at specific organ sites. Odds ratios, calculated with random-effects models, summarized one-hundred-ninety-two independent studies for twenty-two cancer sites. Evidence was provided that Fok1, Bsm1, Cdx2, Apa1 and Taq1 are linked to cancer susceptibility for colorectal, lung, ovarian, skin, multiple myeloma and brain cancer. Stratifying by ethnicity, some differences were found, partially explained by minor allele frequency (MAF), for colorectal cancer, ovarian and prostate cancer in Caucasian and prostate cancer in Asian populations. In summary, ethnicity may be a modifier of cancer risk, in particular for hormone dependent cancers and it should be considered evaluating the effect of VDR on cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Gnagnarella
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | - Sara Raimondi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Aristarco
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Harriet Johansson
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Bellerba
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Corso
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Pietro Belloni
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Saverio Caini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Gandini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Morgado-Águila C, Rey-Sánchez P, Gil-Fernández G, Costa-Fernández MC, Rodríguez-Velasco FJ. Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9123819. [PMID: 33255834 PMCID: PMC7759998 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to sunlight is the major source of vitamin D and the main environmental cause of non-melanocytic skin cancers. Vitamin D, partly mediated through the vitamin D receptor (VDR), has potential therapeutic applications in skin cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of BsmI and ApaI VDR polymorphisms among patients with non-melanoma cancers and controls. An observational case-control study was conducted in a sample of 154 subjects. We observed no significant effects between these polymorphisms and skin cancer risk. When stratified for gender, GG and AG BsmI polymorphisms significantly increased the risk of basal cell carcinomas in males. In relation to ApaI, all three polymorphisms significantly increased the risk of basal cell carcinoma in males. When stratified for age, we found that being 70 years of age or younger was a protective factor against both skin cancers. Being a female and 70 years old or younger was a protective factor for basal cell carcinoma. A comparison of the frequencies of the VDR genotypes in patients older than 70 years vs. 70 years or younger also revealed age-dependent variations in patients with non-melanoma skin cancer. Our study suggests a role for VDR polymorphisms in non-melanoma skin cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Morgado-Águila
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Cáceres University Hospital Complex, Cáceres, 10001 Extremadura, Spain;
| | - Purificación Rey-Sánchez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Occupational Therapy, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, 10003 Extremadura, Spain;
- Correspondence: (P.R.-S.); (G.G.-F.); (F.J.R.-V.); Tel.: +34-927-251-234 (P.R.-S.); +34-924-286-674 (G.G.-F.); +34-924-289-839 (F.J.R.-V.)
| | - Guadalupe Gil-Fernández
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, 06006 Extremadura, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.R.-S.); (G.G.-F.); (F.J.R.-V.); Tel.: +34-927-251-234 (P.R.-S.); +34-924-286-674 (G.G.-F.); +34-924-289-839 (F.J.R.-V.)
| | - María Carmen Costa-Fernández
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Occupational Therapy, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, 10003 Extremadura, Spain;
| | - Francisco José Rodríguez-Velasco
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, 06006 Extremadura, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.R.-S.); (G.G.-F.); (F.J.R.-V.); Tel.: +34-927-251-234 (P.R.-S.); +34-924-286-674 (G.G.-F.); +34-924-289-839 (F.J.R.-V.)
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11
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Abstract
Increasing scientific evidence supports the link between vitamin D and cancer risk. The active metabolite 1,25(OH)2D exerts its activity by binding to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), an intracellular receptor that mediates transcriptional activation and repression of target genes. The binding of 1,25(OH)2D to VDR is able to regulate hundreds of different genes. VDR is active in virtually all tissues including the colon, breast, lung, ovary, bone, kidney, parathyroid gland, pancreatic b-cells, monocytes, T lymphocytes, melanocytes, keratinocytes, and also cancer cells.The relevance of VDR gene restriction fragment length polymorphisms for various types of cancer has been investigated by a great number of studies.We have carried out a systematic review of the literature to analyze the relevance of more VDR polymorphisms (Fok1, Bsm1, Taq1, Apa1, and Cdx2) for individual malignancies considering ethnicity as a key factor for heterogeneity.Up to December 2018, we identified 176 independent studies with data to assess the risk of breast, prostate, colorectal, skin (melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer), lung, ovarian, kidney, bladder, gallbladder, esophageal, thyroid, head and neck, liver and pancreatic cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, multiple myeloma and sarcoma.Significant associations with VDR polymorphisms have been reported for prostate (Fok1, Bsm1, Taq1, Apa1, Cdx2), breast (Fok1, Bsm1, Taq1, Apa1, CdX2), colorectal (Fok1, Bsm1, Taq1, Apa1), and skin cancer (Fok1, Bsm1, Taq1). Very few studies reported risk estimates for the other cancer sites.Conflicting data have been reported for most malignancies, and at present, it is still not possible to make any definitive statements about the importance of the VDR genotype for cancer risk. It seems probable that other factors such as ethnicity, phenotype, 25(OH)D plasma levels, and UV radiation exposure play a role as confounding factors and introduce heterogeneity.To conclude, there is some indication that VDR polymorphisms may modulate the risk of some cancer sites and in future studies VDR genetic variation should be integrated also with assessment of vitamin D status and stratified by ethnicity.
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12
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Camara AB, Brandao IA. The Role of Vitamin D and Sunlight Incidence in Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:1418-1436. [PMID: 30864510 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666190312123212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D (VD) deficiency affects individuals of different ages in many countries. VD deficiency may be related to several diseases, including cancer. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to review the relationship between VD deficiency and cancer. METHODS We describe the proteins involved in cancer pathogenesis and how those proteins can be influenced by VD deficiency. We also investigated a relationship between cancer death rate and solar radiation. RESULTS We found an increased bladder cancer, breast cancer, colon-rectum cancer, lung cancer, oesophagus cancer, oral cancer, ovary cancer, pancreas cancer, skin cancer and stomach cancer death rate in countries with low sunlight. It was also observed that amyloid precursor protein, ryanodine receptor, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1, and receptor for advanced glycation end products are associated with a worse prognosis in cancer. While the Klotho protein and VD receptor are associated with a better prognosis in the disease. Nfr2 is associated with both worse and better prognosis in cancer. CONCLUSION The literature suggests that VD deficiency might be involved in cancer progression. According to sunlight data, we can conclude that countries with low average sunlight have high cancers death rate. New studies involving transcriptional and genomic data in combination with VD measurement in long-term experiments are required to establish new relationships between VD and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice B Camara
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59064-741, Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Igor A Brandao
- Metrópole Digital Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970, Natal/RN, Brazil
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Slominski AT, Brożyna AA, Zmijewski MA, Janjetovic Z, Kim TK, Slominski RM, Tuckey RC, Mason RS, Jetten AM, Guroji P, Reichrath J, Elmets C, Athar M. The Role of Classical and Novel Forms of Vitamin D in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1268:257-283. [PMID: 32918223 PMCID: PMC7490773 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-46227-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonmelanoma skin cancers including basal and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC and BCC) represent a significant clinical problem due to their relatively high incidence, imposing an economic burden to healthcare systems around the world. It is accepted that ultraviolet radiation (UVR: λ = 290-400 nm) plays a crucial role in the initiation and promotion of BCC and SCC with UVB (λ = 290-320 nm) having a central role in this process. On the other hand, UVB is required for vitamin D3 (D3) production in the skin, which supplies >90% of the body's requirement for this prohormone. Prolonged exposure to UVB can also generate tachysterol and lumisterol. Vitamin D3 itself and its canonical (1,25(OH)2D3) and noncanonical (CYP11A1-intitated) D3 hydroxyderivatives show photoprotective functions in the skin. These include regulation of keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation, induction of anti-oxidative responses, inhibition of DNA damage and induction of DNA repair mechanisms, and anti-inflammatory activities. Studies in animals have demonstrated that D3 hydroxyderivatives can attenuate UVB or chemically induced epidermal cancerogenesis and inhibit growth of SCC and BCC. Genomic and non-genomic mechanisms of action have been suggested. In addition, vitamin D3 itself inhibits hedgehog signaling pathways which have been implicated in many cancers. Silencing of the vitamin D receptor leads to increased propensity to develop UVB or chemically induced epidermal cancers. Other targets for vitamin D compounds include 1,25D3-MARRS, retinoic orphan receptors α and γ, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, and Wnt signaling. Most recently, photoprotective effects of lumisterol hydroxyderivatives have been identified. Clinical trials demonstrated a beneficial role of vitamin D compounds in the treatment of actinic keratosis. In summary, recent advances in vitamin D biology and pharmacology open new exciting opportunities in chemoprevention and treatment of skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Anna A Brożyna
- Department of Human Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | | | - Zorica Janjetovic
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Tae-Kang Kim
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Radomir M Slominski
- Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Robert C Tuckey
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rebecca S Mason
- Physiology & Bosch Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anton M Jetten
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Purushotham Guroji
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jörg Reichrath
- Center for Clinical and Experimental Photodermatology and Department of Dermatology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Craig Elmets
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Abstract
Although first discovered in 1931, vitamin D has seen an increased interest in the scientific community over the past decades, including the dermatology field. Vitamin D promotes calcium and phosphorus absorption; however, the actions of vitamin D are not confined to bone. Indeed, there is now overwhelming and compelling scientific data that vitamin D plays a crucial role in a plethora of cellular function and in extra-skeletal health. Except for fatty fish livers, very few foods naturally contain vitamin D; and the major source of vitamin D comes from skin exposure to sunlight via ultraviolet B. Keratinocytes are unique in the body as not only do they provide the primary source of vitamin D for the body, but they also possess both the enzymatic machinery to metabolize the vitamin D produced to active metabolites. This has been referred to as the photoendocrine vitamin D system. Vitamin D regulates keratinocytes proliferation and differentiation; and plays a role in the defense against opportunistic infections. Multiple factors are linked to vitamin D status; and a growing number of dermatologic diseases has been linked to vitamin D status such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, vitiligo, and cutaneous cancers. In this article, we reviewed the potential determinants of vitamin D status, as its implications in dermatologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Bergqvist
- Department of Dermatology, AP-HP, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Khaled Ezzedine
- Department of Dermatology, AP-HP, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France - .,EA 7379 EpidermE, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
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15
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Navarro-Triviño F, Arias-Santiago S, Gilaberte-Calzada Y. Vitamin D and the Skin: A Review for Dermatologists. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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16
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Navarro-Triviño FJ, Arias-Santiago S, Gilaberte-Calzada Y. Vitamin D and the Skin: A Review for Dermatologists. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2019; 110:262-272. [PMID: 30857638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the growing interest in the role played by vitamin D in skin disease has given rise to the publication of many studies of the relationship between this vitamin and certain skin conditions. As dermatologists, we need to understand, among other aspects, how vitamin D is synthesized and the main sources in humans, as well as plasma levels and the factors that can modify them. Of particular interest are the latest discoveries about the role of vitamin D in skin diseases such as lupus erythematosus, ichthyosis, atopic dermatitis, hidradenitis suppurativa, acne, alopecia areata, androgenetic alopecia, melanoma, and nonmelanoma skin cancer. Also of interest is the importance of vitamin D as adjuvant therapy in patients on long-term treatment with corticosteroids. In this review, we provide an overview of the most important and most recent information regarding the relationship between vitamin D and skin disease and discuss the importance of assessing individual vitamin D status and correcting deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Navarro-Triviño
- Unidad de Dermatología Médico-Quirúrgica y Venereología, Hospital Comarcal Alcalá la Real, Jaén, España.
| | - S Arias-Santiago
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Dermatología y Venereología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, España
| | - Y Gilaberte-Calzada
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, España
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17
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Imanbayev K, Makishev A, Zhagiparov M, McLoone P. Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers at Sites of Previous Frostbite: Case Report and Review. Case Rep Dermatol 2018. [PMID: 29515390 PMCID: PMC5836220 DOI: 10.1159/000486477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between ultraviolet radiation exposure and skin cancer is well established. Limited studies have reported an association between frostbite and the development of non-melanoma skin cancer but evidence for a proven link is insufficient and possible carcinogenic mechanisms have not been fully explored. In this report, 3 cases of non-melanoma skin cancer (1 case of basal cell carcinoma and 2 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin) which developed at a site of previous frostbite caused by exposure to extremely cold temperatures in Astana, the capital city of Kazakhstan, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalel Imanbayev
- aDepartment of Oncology, Medical University of Astana, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Abay Makishev
- aDepartment of Oncology, Medical University of Astana, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Murat Zhagiparov
- aDepartment of Oncology, Medical University of Astana, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Pauline McLoone
- bDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan
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