1
|
Ahmad Rather M, Khan A, Jahan S, Jamal Siddiqui A, Wang L. Influence of Tau on neurotoxicity and cerebral vasculature impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience 2024:S0306-4522(24)00252-5. [PMID: 38871021 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a fatal chronic neurodegenerative condition marked by a gradual decline in cognitive abilities and impaired vascular function within the central nervous system. This affliction initiates its insidious progression with the accumulation of two aberrant protein entities including Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. These chronic elements target distinct brain regions, steadily erasing the functionality of the hippocampus and triggering the erosion of memory and neuronal integrity. Several assumptions are anticipated for AD as genetic alterations, the occurrence of Aβ plaques, altered processing of amyloid precursor protein, mitochondrial damage, and discrepancy of neurotropic factors. In addition to Aβ oligomers, the deposition of tau hyper-phosphorylates also plays an indispensable part in AD etiology. The brain comprises a complex network of capillaries that is crucial for maintaining proper function. Tau is expressed in cerebral blood vessels, where it helps to regulate blood flow and sustain the blood-brain barrier's integrity. In AD, tau pathology can disrupt cerebral blood supply and deteriorate the BBB, leading to neuronal neurodegeneration. Neuroinflammation, deficits in the microvasculature and endothelial functions, and Aβ deposition are characteristically detected in the initial phases of AD. These variations trigger neuronal malfunction and cognitive impairment. Intracellular tau accumulation in microglia and astrocytes triggers deleterious effects on the integrity of endothelium and cerebral blood supply resulting in further advancement of the ailment and cerebral instability. In this review, we will discuss the impact of tau on neurovascular impairment, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and the role of hyperphosphorylated tau in neuron excitotoxicity and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mashoque Ahmad Rather
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, United States.
| | - Andleeb Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Sadaf Jahan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif Jamal Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lianchun Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee S, Byun MS, Yi D, Ahn H, Jung G, Jung JH, Chang YY, Kim K, Choi H, Choi J, Lee JY, Kang KM, Sohn CH, Lee YS, Kim YK, Lee DY. Plasma Leptin and Alzheimer Protein Pathologies Among Older Adults. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e249539. [PMID: 38700863 PMCID: PMC11069086 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.9539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Many epidemiologic studies have suggested that low levels of plasma leptin, a major adipokine, are associated with increased risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) dementia and cognitive decline. Nevertheless, the mechanistic pathway linking plasma leptin and AD-related cognitive decline is not yet fully understood. Objective To examine the association of plasma leptin levels with in vivo AD pathologies, including amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau deposition, through both cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches among cognitively unimpaired older adults. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a longitudinal cohort study from the Korean Brain Aging Study for Early Diagnosis and Prediction of Alzheimer Disease. Data were collected from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2020, and data were analyzed from July 11 to September 6, 2022. The study included a total of 208 cognitively unimpaired participants who underwent baseline positron emission tomography (PET) scans for brain Aβ deposition. For longitudinal analyses, 192 participants who completed both baseline and 2-year follow-up PET scans for brain Aβ deposition were included. Exposure Plasma leptin levels as assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Main Outcomes and Measures Baseline levels and longitudinal changes of global Aβ and AD-signature region tau deposition measured by PET scans. Results Among the 208 participants, the mean (SD) age was 66.0 (11.3) years, 114 were women (54.8%), and 37 were apolipoprotein E ε4 carriers (17.8%). Lower plasma leptin levels had a significant cross-sectional association with greater brain Aβ deposition (β = -0.04; 95% CI, -0.09 to 0.00; P = .046), while there was no significant association between plasma leptin levels and tau deposition (β = -0.02; 95% CI, -0.05 to 0.02; P = .41). In contrast, longitudinal analyses revealed that there was a significant association between lower baseline leptin levels and greater increase of tau deposition over 2 years (β = -0.06; 95% CI, -0.11 to -0.01; P = .03), whereas plasma leptin levels did not have a significant association with longitudinal change of Aβ deposition (β = 0.006; 95% CI, 0.00-0.02; P = .27). Conclusions and Relevance The present findings suggest that plasma leptin may be protective for the development or progression of AD pathology, including both Aβ and tau deposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seunghoon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Soo Byun
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyun Yi
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Ahn
- Interdisciplinary Program of Cognitive Science, Seoul National University College of Humanities, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gijung Jung
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hyung Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Young Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungtae Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeji Choi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Choi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Koung Mi Kang
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Sohn
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sang Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Kyeong Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program of Cognitive Science, Seoul National University College of Humanities, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Krix S, Wilczynski E, Falgàs N, Sánchez-Valle R, Yoles E, Nevo U, Baruch K, Fröhlich H. Towards early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: advances in immune-related blood biomarkers and computational approaches. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1343900. [PMID: 38720902 PMCID: PMC11078023 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1343900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease has an increasing prevalence in the population world-wide, yet current diagnostic methods based on recommended biomarkers are only available in specialized clinics. Due to these circumstances, Alzheimer's disease is usually diagnosed late, which contrasts with the currently available treatment options that are only effective for patients at an early stage. Blood-based biomarkers could fill in the gap of easily accessible and low-cost methods for early diagnosis of the disease. In particular, immune-based blood-biomarkers might be a promising option, given the recently discovered cross-talk of immune cells of the central nervous system with those in the peripheral immune system. Here, we give a background on recent advances in research on brain-immune system cross-talk in Alzheimer's disease and review machine learning approaches, which can combine multiple biomarkers with further information (e.g. age, sex, APOE genotype) into predictive models supporting an earlier diagnosis. In addition, mechanistic modeling approaches, such as agent-based modeling open the possibility to model and analyze cell dynamics over time. This review aims to provide an overview of the current state of immune-system related blood-based biomarkers and their potential for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Krix
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for Information Technology (b-it), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ella Wilczynski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Neus Falgàs
- Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FCRB-IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Sánchez-Valle
- Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FCRB-IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eti Yoles
- ImmunoBrain Checkpoint Ltd., Rechovot, Israel
| | - Uri Nevo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Kuti Baruch
- ImmunoBrain Checkpoint Ltd., Rechovot, Israel
| | - Holger Fröhlich
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for Information Technology (b-it), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lista S, Mapstone M, Caraci F, Emanuele E, López-Ortiz S, Martín-Hernández J, Triaca V, Imbimbo C, Gabelle A, Mielke MM, Nisticò R, Santos-Lozano A, Imbimbo BP. A critical appraisal of blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102290. [PMID: 38580173 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Biomarkers that predict the clinical onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) enable the identification of individuals in the early, preclinical stages of the disease. Detecting AD at this point may allow for more effective therapeutic interventions and optimized enrollment for clinical trials of novel drugs. The current biological diagnosis of AD is based on the AT(N) classification system with the measurement of brain deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) ("A"), tau pathology ("T"), and neurodegeneration ("N"). Diagnostic cut-offs for Aβ1-42, the Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio, tau and hyperphosphorylated-tau concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid have been defined and may support AD clinical diagnosis. Blood-based biomarkers of the AT(N) categories have been described in the AD continuum. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have shown that the combination of blood biomarkers tracking neuroaxonal injury (neurofilament light chain) and neuroinflammatory pathways (glial fibrillary acidic protein) enhance sensitivity and specificity of AD clinical diagnosis and improve the prediction of AD onset. However, no international accepted cut-offs have been identified for these blood biomarkers. A kit for blood Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 is commercially available in the U.S.; however, it does not provide a diagnosis, but simply estimates the risk of developing AD. Although blood-based AD biomarkers have a great potential in the diagnostic work-up of AD, they are not ready for the routine clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Lista
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), Valladolid 47012, Spain.
| | - Mark Mapstone
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania 95125, Italy; Neuropharmacology and Translational Neurosciences Research Unit, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina 94018, Italy.
| | | | - Susana López-Ortiz
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), Valladolid 47012, Spain.
| | - Juan Martín-Hernández
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), Valladolid 47012, Spain.
| | - Viviana Triaca
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Rome 00015, Italy.
| | - Camillo Imbimbo
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Audrey Gabelle
- Memory Resources and Research Center, Montpellier University of Excellence i-site, Montpellier 34295, France.
| | - Michelle M Mielke
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA.
| | - Robert Nisticò
- School of Pharmacy, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy; Laboratory of Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome 00143, Italy.
| | - Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), Valladolid 47012, Spain; Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PaHerg), Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre ('imas12'), Madrid 28041, Spain.
| | - Bruno P Imbimbo
- Department of Research and Development, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma 43122, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Colvee-Martin H, Parra JR, Gonzalez GA, Barker W, Duara R. Neuropathology, Neuroimaging, and Fluid Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:704. [PMID: 38611617 PMCID: PMC11012058 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14070704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
An improved understanding of the pathobiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) should lead ultimately to an earlier and more accurate diagnosis of AD, providing the opportunity to intervene earlier in the disease process and to improve outcomes. The known hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease include amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tau tangles. It is now clear that an imbalance between production and clearance of the amyloid beta protein and related Aβ peptides, especially Aβ42, is a very early, initiating factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, leading to aggregates of hyperphosphorylation and misfolded tau protein, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. In this article, we review how the AD diagnostic process has been transformed in recent decades by our ability to measure these various elements of the pathological cascade through the use of imaging and fluid biomarkers. The more recently developed plasma biomarkers, especially phosphorylated-tau217 (p-tau217), have utility for screening and diagnosis of the earliest stages of AD. These biomarkers can also be used to measure target engagement by disease-modifying therapies and the response to treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Colvee-Martin
- Wien Center for Alzheimer’s Disease & Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA; (H.C.-M.); (W.B.)
| | - Juan Rayo Parra
- Human & Molecular Genetics, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (J.R.P.); (G.A.G.)
| | - Gabriel Antonio Gonzalez
- Human & Molecular Genetics, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (J.R.P.); (G.A.G.)
| | - Warren Barker
- Wien Center for Alzheimer’s Disease & Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA; (H.C.-M.); (W.B.)
| | - Ranjan Duara
- Wien Center for Alzheimer’s Disease & Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA; (H.C.-M.); (W.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Piel JHA, Bargemann L, Leypoldt F, Wandinger KP, Dargvainiene J. Serum NFL and tau, but not serum UCHL-1 and GFAP or CSF SNAP-25, NPTX2, or sTREM2, correlate with delirium in a 3-year retrospective analysis. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1356575. [PMID: 38566855 PMCID: PMC10985356 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1356575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Delirium represents a common terminal pathway of heterogeneous neurological conditions characterized by disturbances in consciousness and attention. Contemporary theories highlight the acute impairment of synaptic function and network connectivity, driven by neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neurotransmitter imbalances. However, established biomarkers are still missing. Innovative diagnostic techniques, such as single-molecule array analysis, enable the detection of biomarkers in blood at picomolar concentrations. This approach paves the way for deeper insights into delirium and potentially therapeutic targets for tailored medical treatments. In a retrospective 3-year study, we investigated seven biomarkers indicative of neuroaxonal damage [neurofilament light chain (NFL), ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase (UCHL-1), and tau protein], microglial activation [glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2)], and synaptic dysfunction [synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) and neuronal pentraxin 2 (NPTX2)]. The analysis of 71 patients with delirium, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and non-AD controls revealed that serum NFL levels are higher in delirium cases compared to both AD and non-AD. This suggests that elevated NFL levels in delirium are not exclusively the result of dementia-related damage. Serum tau levels were also elevated in delirium cases compared to controls. Conversely, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) SNAP-25 showed higher levels in AD patients compared to controls only. These findings add to the increasing body of evidence suggesting that serum NFL could be a valuable biomarker of neuroaxonal damage in delirium research. Although SNAP-25 and NPTX2 did not exhibit significant differences in delirium, the exploration of synaptic biomarkers remains promising for enhancing our understanding of this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Leon Bargemann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Frank Leypoldt
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Wandinger
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Justina Dargvainiene
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hemminghyth MS, Chwiszczuk LJ, Breitve MH, Gísladóttir B, Grøntvedt GR, Nakling A, Rongve A, Fladby T, Kirsebom BE. Cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light chain mediates age-associated lower learning and memory in healthy adults. Neurobiol Aging 2024; 135:39-47. [PMID: 38159464 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Multiple cognitive domains, including learning, memory, and psychomotor speed, show significant reductions with age. Likewise, several cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurodegenerative biomarkers, including total tau (t-tau, a marker of neuronal body injury) and neurofilament light chain (NfL, a marker of axonal injury) show age-related increases in normal aging. In the current study, we aimed to investigate whether the age-effect within different cognitive domains was mediated by age-associated CSF markers for neurodegenerative changes. We fitted 10 mediation models using structural equation modeling to investigate this in a cohort of 137 healthy adults, aged 40-80 years, from the Norwegian Dementia Disease Initiation (DDI) study. Here, t-tau and NfL were defined as mediators between age and different cognitive tests. The models showed that NfL mediated the age-effect for CERAD learning and memory recall (learning: β = -0.395, p < 0.05; recall: β = -0.261, p < 0.01). No such effect was found in the other models. Our findings suggest that the age-related lower performance in verbal learning and memory may be linked to NfL-associated neurodegenerative changes in cognitively healthy adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Suhr Hemminghyth
- Department of Research and Innovation, Research Group for Age-Related Medicine, Helse Fonna, Haugesund Hospital, Haugesund, Norway; Department of Neuropsychology, Helse Fonna, Haugesund Hospital, Haugesund, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Luiza Jadwiga Chwiszczuk
- Department of Research and Innovation, Research Group for Age-Related Medicine, Helse Fonna, Haugesund Hospital, Haugesund, Norway; Department of Age-related Medicine, Helse Fonna, Haugesund Hospital, Haugesund, Norway
| | - Monica Haraldseid Breitve
- Department of Research and Innovation, Research Group for Age-Related Medicine, Helse Fonna, Haugesund Hospital, Haugesund, Norway; Department of Neuropsychology, Helse Fonna, Haugesund Hospital, Haugesund, Norway; Department of Age-related Medicine, Helse Fonna, Haugesund Hospital, Haugesund, Norway
| | - Berglind Gísladóttir
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway; Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Medical Division, Akershus University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Gøril Rolfseng Grøntvedt
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arne Nakling
- Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Arvid Rongve
- Department of Research and Innovation, Research Group for Age-Related Medicine, Helse Fonna, Haugesund Hospital, Haugesund, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Age-related Medicine, Helse Fonna, Haugesund Hospital, Haugesund, Norway
| | - Tormod Fladby
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn-Eivind Kirsebom
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhuang H, Cao X, Tang X, Zou Y, Yang H, Liang Z, Yan X, Chen X, Feng X, Shen L. Investigating metabolic dysregulation in serum of triple transgenic Alzheimer's disease male mice: implications for pathogenesis and potential biomarkers. Amino Acids 2024; 56:10. [PMID: 38315232 PMCID: PMC10844422 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03375-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease that lacks convenient and accessible peripheral blood diagnostic markers and effective drugs. Metabolic dysfunction is one of AD risk factors, which leaded to alterations of various metabolites in the body. Pathological changes of the brain can be reflected in blood metabolites that are expected to explain the disease mechanisms or be candidate biomarkers. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of targeted metabolites within peripheral blood of AD mouse model, with the purpose of exploring the disease mechanism and potential biomarkers. Targeted metabolomics was used to quantify 256 metabolites in serum of triple transgenic AD (3 × Tg-AD) male mice. Compared with controls, 49 differential metabolites represented dysregulation in purine, pyrimidine, tryptophan, cysteine and methionine and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Among them, adenosine, serotonin, N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine, and acetylcholine play a key role in regulating neural transmitter network. The alteration of S-adenosine-L-homocysteine, S-adenosine-L-methionine, and trimethylamine-N-oxide in AD mice serum can served as indicator of AD risk. The results revealed the changes of metabolites in serum, suggesting that metabolic dysregulation in periphery in AD mice may be related to the disturbances in neuroinhibition, the serotonergic system, sleep function, the cholinergic system, and the gut microbiota. This study provides novel insights into the dysregulation of several key metabolites and metabolic pathways in AD, presenting potential avenues for future research and the development of peripheral biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Zhuang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueshan Cao
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Tang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongdong Zou
- Center for Instrumental Analysis, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Center for Instrumental Analysis, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Liang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolu Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingui Feng
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Shen
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China.
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nasb M, Tao W, Chen N. Alzheimer's Disease Puzzle: Delving into Pathogenesis Hypotheses. Aging Dis 2024; 15:43-73. [PMID: 37450931 PMCID: PMC10796101 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease characterized by both amnestic and non-amnestic clinical manifestations. It accounts for approximately 60-70% of all dementia cases worldwide. With the increasing number of AD patients, elucidating underlying mechanisms and developing corresponding interventional strategies are necessary. Hypotheses about AD such as amyloid cascade, Tau hyper-phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, cholinergic, and vascular hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, and all of them play a certain role in the development of AD. The amyloid cascade hypothesis is currently the most widely studied; however, other hypotheses are also gaining support. This article summarizes the recent evidence regarding major pathological hypotheses of AD and their potential interplay, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of each hypothesis and their implications for the development of effective treatments. This could stimulate further studies and promote the development of more effective therapeutic strategies for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ning Chen
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hook V, Podvin S, Mosier C, Boyarko B, Seyffert L, Stringer H, Rissman RA. Emerging evidence for dysregulated proteome cargoes of tau-propagating extracellular vesicles driven by familial mutations of tau and presenilin. EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES AND CIRCULATING NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 4:588-598. [PMID: 38125374 PMCID: PMC10732590 DOI: 10.20517/evcna.2023.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Tau propagation, pathogenesis, and neurotoxicity are hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases that result in cognitive impairment. Tau accumulates in Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17), chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), progressive supranuclear palsy, and related tauopathies. Knowledge of the mechanisms for tau propagation in neurodegeneration is necessary for understanding the development of dementia. Exosomes, known as extracellular vesicles (EVs), have emerged as participants in promoting tau propagation. Recent findings show that EVs generated by neurons expressing familial mutations of tauopathies of FTDP-17 (P301L and V337M) (mTau) and presenilin (A246E) (mPS1) in AD induce tau propagation and accumulation after injection into rodent brain. To gain knowledge of the proteome cargoes of the mTau and mPS1 EVs that promote tau pathogenesis, this review compares the proteomes of these EVs, which results in important new questions concerning EV mechanisms of tau pathogenesis. Proteomics data show that EVs produced by mTau- and mPS1-expressing iPSC neurons share proteins involved in exocytosis and vesicle secretion and, notably, these EVs also possess differences in protein components of vesicle-mediated transport, extracellular functions, and cell adhesion. It will be important for future studies to gain an understanding of the breadth of familial genetic mutations of tau, presenilin, and other genes in promoting EV initiation of tau propagation and pathogenesis. Furthermore, elucidation of EV cargo components that mediate tau propagation will have potential as biomarkers and therapeutic strategies to ameliorate dementia of tauopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Hook
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sonia Podvin
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Charles Mosier
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ben Boyarko
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Laura Seyffert
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Haley Stringer
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Robert A. Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Health System, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cáceres C, Heusser B, Garnham A, Moczko E. The Major Hypotheses of Alzheimer's Disease: Related Nanotechnology-Based Approaches for Its Diagnosis and Treatment. Cells 2023; 12:2669. [PMID: 38067098 PMCID: PMC10705786 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a well-known chronic neurodegenerative disorder that leads to the progressive death of brain cells, resulting in memory loss and the loss of other critical body functions. In March 2019, one of the major pharmaceutical companies and its partners announced that currently, there is no drug to cure AD, and all clinical trials of the new ones have been cancelled, leaving many people without hope. However, despite the clear message and startling reality, the research continued. Finally, in the last two years, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first-ever medications to treat Alzheimer's, aducanumab and lecanemab. Despite researchers' support of this decision, there are serious concerns about their effectiveness and safety. The validation of aducanumab by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services is still pending, and lecanemab was authorized without considering data from the phase III trials. Furthermore, numerous reports suggest that patients have died when undergoing extended treatment. While there is evidence that aducanumab and lecanemab may provide some relief to those suffering from AD, their impact remains a topic of ongoing research and debate within the medical community. The fact is that even though there are considerable efforts regarding pharmacological treatment, no definitive cure for AD has been found yet. Nevertheless, it is strongly believed that modern nanotechnology holds promising solutions and effective clinical strategies for the development of diagnostic tools and treatments for AD. This review summarizes the major hallmarks of AD, its etiological mechanisms, and challenges. It explores existing diagnostic and therapeutic methods and the potential of nanotechnology-based approaches for recognizing and monitoring patients at risk of irreversible neuronal degeneration. Overall, it provides a broad overview for those interested in the evolving areas of clinical neuroscience, AD, and related nanotechnology. With further research and development, nanotechnology-based approaches may offer new solutions and hope for millions of people affected by this devastating disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ewa Moczko
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Viña del Mar 2562307, Chile; (C.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kang JH, Korecka M, Lee EB, Cousins KAQ, Tropea TF, Chen-Plotkin AA, Irwin DJ, Wolk D, Brylska M, Wan Y, Shaw LM. Alzheimer Disease Biomarkers: Moving from CSF to Plasma for Reliable Detection of Amyloid and tau Pathology. Clin Chem 2023; 69:1247-1259. [PMID: 37725909 PMCID: PMC10895336 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvad139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of validated biomarkers to detect early Alzheimer disease (AD) neuropathology is needed for therapeutic AD trials. Abnormal concentrations of "core" AD biomarkers, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta1-42, total tau, and phosphorylated tau correlate well with neuroimaging biomarkers and autopsy findings. Nevertheless, given the limitations of established CSF and neuroimaging biomarkers, accelerated development of blood-based AD biomarkers is underway. CONTENT Here we describe the clinical significance of CSF and plasma AD biomarkers to detect disease pathology throughout the Alzheimer continuum and correlate with imaging biomarkers. Use of the AT(N) classification by CSF and imaging biomarkers provides a more objective biologically based diagnosis of AD than clinical diagnosis alone. Significant progress in measuring CSF AD biomarkers using extensively validated highly automated assay systems has facilitated their transition from research use only to approved in vitro diagnostics tests for clinical use. We summarize development of plasma AD biomarkers as screening tools for enrollment and monitoring participants in therapeutic trials and ultimately in clinical care. Finally, we discuss the challenges for AD biomarkers use in clinical trials and precision medicine, emphasizing the possible ethnocultural differences in the levels of AD biomarkers. SUMMARY CSF AD biomarker measurements using fully automated analytical platforms is possible. Building on this experience, validated blood-based biomarker tests are being implemented on highly automated immunoassay and mass spectrometry platforms. The progress made developing analytically and clinically validated plasma AD biomarkers within the AT(N) classification scheme can accelerate use of AD biomarkers in therapeutic trials and routine clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hee Kang
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Magdalena Korecka
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Edward B Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Katheryn A Q Cousins
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Thomas F Tropea
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Alice A Chen-Plotkin
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - David J Irwin
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - David Wolk
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Magdalena Brylska
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yang Wan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Leslie M Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lepinay E, Cicchetti F. Tau: a biomarker of Huntington's disease. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4070-4083. [PMID: 37749233 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02230-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Developing effective treatments for patients with Huntington's disease (HD)-a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by severe cognitive, motor and psychiatric impairments-is proving extremely challenging. While the monogenic nature of this condition enables to identify individuals at risk, robust biomarkers would still be extremely valuable to help diagnose disease onset and progression, and especially to confirm treatment efficacy. If measurements of cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament levels, for example, have demonstrated use in recent clinical trials, other proteins may prove equal, if not greater, relevance as biomarkers. In fact, proteins such as tau could specifically be used to detect/predict cognitive affectations. We have herein reviewed the literature pertaining to the association between tau levels and cognitive states, zooming in on Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and traumatic brain injury in which imaging, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood samples have been interrogated or used to unveil a strong association between tau and cognition. Collectively, these areas of research have accrued compelling evidence to suggest tau-related measurements as both diagnostic and prognostic tools for clinical practice. The abundance of information retrieved in this niche of study has laid the groundwork for further understanding whether tau-related biomarkers may be applied to HD and guide future investigations to better understand and treat this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Lepinay
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Francesca Cicchetti
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada.
- Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li W, Zhou Y, Luo Z, Tang R, Sun Y, He Q, Xia B, Lu K, Hou Q, Yuan J. Lipidomic markers for the prediction of progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22998. [PMID: 37289136 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201584rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dementia is a well-known syndrome and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the main cause of dementia. Lipids play a key role in the pathogenesis of AD, however, the prediction value of serum lipidomics on AD remains unclear. This study aims to construct a lipid score system to predict the risk of progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD. First, we used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression model to select the lipids that can signify the progression from MCI to AD based on 310 older adults with MCI. Then we constructed a lipid score based on 14 single lipids using Cox regression and estimated the association between the lipid score and progression from MCI to AD. The prevalence of AD in the low-, intermediate- and high-score groups was 42.3%, 59.8%, and 79.8%, respectively. The participants in the intermediate- and high-score group had a 1.65-fold (95% CI 1.10 to 2.47) and 3.55-fold (95% CI 2.40 to 5.26) higher risk of AD, respectively, as compared to those with low lipid scores. The lipid score showed moderate prediction efficacy (c-statistics > 0.72). These results suggested that the score system based on serum lipidomics is useful for the prediction of progression from MCI to AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Clinical Big Data Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinhua Zhou
- Center for Clinical Medical Humanities, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaofan Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Rixin Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Clinical Big Data Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuxuan Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Clinical Big Data Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Chinese Health Risk Management Collaboration (CHRIMAC), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiangsheng He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Clinical Big Data Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Chinese Health Risk Management Collaboration (CHRIMAC), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Xia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Clinical Big Data Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Chinese Health Risk Management Collaboration (CHRIMAC), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Kuiqing Lu
- Chinese Health Risk Management Collaboration (CHRIMAC), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinghua Hou
- Clinical Neuroscience Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinqiu Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Clinical Big Data Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Chinese Health Risk Management Collaboration (CHRIMAC), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bermudez C, Graff-Radford J, Syrjanen JA, Stricker NH, Algeciras-Schimnich A, Kouri N, Kremers WK, Petersen RC, Jack CR, Knopman DS, Dickson DW, Nguyen AT, Reichard RR, Murray ME, Mielke MM, Vemuri P. Plasma biomarkers for prediction of Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic change. Acta Neuropathol 2023; 146:13-29. [PMID: 37269398 PMCID: PMC10478071 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02594-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
While plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are increasingly being evaluated for clinical diagnosis and prognosis, few population-based autopsy studies have evaluated their utility in the context of predicting neuropathological changes. Our goal was to investigate the utility of clinically available plasma markers in predicting Braak staging, neuritic plaque score, Thal phase, and overall AD neuropathological change (ADNC).We utilized a population-based prospective study of 350 participants with autopsy and antemortem plasma biomarker testing using clinically available antibody assay (Quanterix) consisting of Aβ42/40 ratio, p-tau181, GFAP, and NfL. We utilized a variable selection procedure in cross-validated (CV) logistic regression models to identify the best set of plasma predictors along with demographic variables, and a subset of neuropsychological tests comprising the Mayo Clinic Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite (Mayo-PACC). ADNC was best predicted with plasma GFAP, NfL, p-tau181 biomarkers along with APOE ε4 carrier status and Mayo-PACC cognitive score (CV AUC = 0.798). Braak staging was best predicted using plasma GFAP, p-tau181, and cognitive scores (CV AUC = 0.774). Neuritic plaque score was best predicted using plasma Aβ42/40 ratio, p-tau181, GFAP, and NfL biomarkers (CV AUC = 0.770). Thal phase was best predicted using GFAP, NfL, p-tau181, APOE ε4 carrier status and Mayo-PACC cognitive score (CV AUC = 0.754). We found that GFAP and p-tau provided non-overlapping information on both neuritic plaque and Braak stage scores whereas Aβ42/40 and NfL were mainly useful for prediction of neuritic plaque scores. Separating participants by cognitive status improved predictive performance, particularly when plasma biomarkers were included. Plasma biomarkers can differentially inform about overall ADNC pathology, Braak staging, and neuritic plaque score when combined with demographics and cognitive variables and have significant utility for earlier detection of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Bermudez
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA.
| | | | - Jeremy A Syrjanen
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nikki H Stricker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Naomi Kouri
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Walter K Kremers
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ronald C Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | | | - David S Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | | | - Aivi T Nguyen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - R Ross Reichard
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Michelle M Mielke
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xu Z, Li O, Liang Y, Wu Z, Xu J, Wang L, Li L, Sun Y. Effectiveness and Safety of Bu Shen Kai Qiao Fang in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Study Protocol for a Multicenter, Prospective, Real-World Clinical Trial. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:2573-2583. [PMID: 37351010 PMCID: PMC10284162 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s418700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common degenerative disease of the nervous system with serious impact on quality of life of patients and their families. With an aging population, AD has become a major public health problem in China and worldwide. However, the physiological and pathological mechanisms of AD have not been fully elucidated, and there is a lack of effective prevention and clinical treatment methods. Many studies have found that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a good therapeutic effect on cognitive function in AD patients. Bu Shen Kai Qiao Fang (BSKQF) is one such Chinese herbal preparation used in the treatment of AD. We designed a protocol for a real-world clinical study of BSKQF combined with Donepezil hydrochloride (DH) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this approach in the treatment of AD patients. Methods This is a protocol for a real-world, multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study. The study will recruit 860 AD patients from four hospitals across China. Equal numbers of patients will be treated with BSKQF and DH or with DH only. The criteria for grouping are based primarily on patient preference. Outcome measures include scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MOCA) and will be recorded at baseline, and at one, two and three months after enrollment. The plasma Aβ42 and plasma Tau levels of participating patients will also be measured by ELISA at baseline and after 3 months of treatment. Safety metrics and adverse events (AEs) of participating patients will be monitored and recorded. Discussion This study will evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of BSKQF in the treatment of AD. The results will provide reliable evidence for the clinical application of BSKQF in the treatment of AD. Study Registration Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, NO. ChiCTR2000039670, Registered 5 November 2020 https://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojEN.html?proj=63800.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ZeYu Xu
- Department of Brain and Mental Disease, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, ShangHai, 200040, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ou Li
- Department of Brain and Mental Disease, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, ShangHai, 200040, People’s Republic of China
| | - YaTing Liang
- Department of Brain and Mental Disease, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, ShangHai, 200040, People’s Republic of China
| | - ZhiBing Wu
- Department of Encephalopathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiamei Xu
- Department of Encephalopathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, 710003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, 710003, People’s Republic of China
| | - YongNing Sun
- Department of Brain and Mental Disease, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, ShangHai, 200040, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chu Z, Han S, Luo Y, Zhou Y, Zhu L, Luo F. Targeting gut-brain axis by dietary flavonoids ameliorate aging-related cognition decline: Evidences and mechanisms. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-22. [PMID: 37300491 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2222404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aging-related cognitive impairment, mainly Alzheimer's disease (AD), has been widely studied. However, effective prevention and treatment methods are still lacking. In recent years, researchers have observed beneficial effects of plant-based supplements, such as flavonoids, on cognitive protection. This provides a new clue for the prevention of cognitive dysfunction. Studies have shown that dietary flavonoids have neuroprotective effects, but the mechanism is not clear. In this review, we systematically reviewed the research progress on the effects of dietary flavonoids on gut microbes and their metabolites, and concluded that flavonoids could improve cognitive function through the gut-brain axis. Flavonoids can be absorbed through the intestine, cross the blood-brain barrier, and enter the brain tissue. Flavonoids can inhibit the expression and secretion of inflammatory factors in brain tissue, reduce the damage caused by oxidative stress, clear neural damage proteins and inhibit neuronal apoptosis, thereby ameliorating age-related cognitive disorders. Future work will continue to explore the gut-brain axis and target genes regulated by flavonoids. In addition, clinical research and its mechanisms need to be further explored to provide solutions or advise for patients with cognitive impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxing Chu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuai Han
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Clinic Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yaping Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lingfeng Zhu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feijun Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yeo BSY, Koh JH, Ng ACW, Loh S, See A, Seow DCC, Toh ST. The association of obstructive sleep apnea with blood and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of Alzheimer's dementia - A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 2023; 70:101790. [PMID: 37245474 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and is characterized by the aggregation of extracellular amyloid-beta and intracellular hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins. Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is associated with increased AD risk. We hypothesize that OSA is associated with higher levels of AD biomarkers. The study aims to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between OSA and levels of blood and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of AD. Two authors independently searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library for studies comparing blood and cerebrospinal fluid levels of dementia biomarkers between patients with OSA and healthy controls. Meta-analyses of the standardized mean difference were conducted using random-effects models. From 18 studies with 2804 patients, meta-analysis found that cerebrospinal fluid amyloid beta-40 (SMD:-1.13, 95%CI:-1.65 to -0.60), blood total amyloid beta (SMD:0.68, 95%CI: 0.40 to 0.96), blood amyloid beta-40 (SMD:0.60, 95%CI: 0.35 to 0.85), blood amyloid beta-42 (SMD:0.80, 95%CI: 0.38 to 1.23) and blood total-tau (SMD: 0.664, 95% CI: 0.257 to 1.072, I2 = 82, p<0.01, 7 studies) were significantly higher in OSA patients compared with healthy controls. These findings suggest that OSA is associated with an elevation of some biomarkers of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Sheng Yep Yeo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jin Hean Koh
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adele Chin Wei Ng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Shaun Loh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; SingHealth Duke-NUS Sleep Centre, Singapore
| | - Anna See
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; SingHealth Duke-NUS Sleep Centre, Singapore
| | - Dennis Chuen Chai Seow
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; SingHealth Duke-NUS Centre of Memory and Cognitive Disorders, Singapore
| | - Song Tar Toh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; SingHealth Duke-NUS Sleep Centre, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pais MV, Forlenza OV, Diniz BS. Plasma Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease: A Review of Available Assays, Recent Developments, and Implications for Clinical Practice. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:355-380. [PMID: 37220625 PMCID: PMC10200198 DOI: 10.3233/adr-230029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, low-sensitive plasma assays have been replaced by new ultra-sensitive assays such as single molecule enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Simoa), the Mesoscale Discovery (MSD) platform, and immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry (IP-MS) with higher accuracy in the determination of plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite the significant variability, many studies have established in-house cut-off values for the most promising available biomarkers. We first reviewed the most used laboratory methods and assays to measure plasma AD biomarkers. Next, we review studies focused on the diagnostic performance of these biomarkers to identify AD cases, predict cognitive decline in pre-clinical AD cases, and differentiate AD cases from other dementia. We summarized data from studies published until January 2023. A combination of plasma Aβ42/40 ratio, age, and APOE status showed the best accuracy in diagnosing brain amyloidosis with a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) assay. Plasma p-tau217 has shown the best accuracy in distinguishing Aβ-PET+ from Aβ-PET-even in cognitively unimpaired individuals. We also summarized the different cut-off values for each biomarker when available. Recently developed assays for plasma biomarkers have undeniable importance in AD research, with improved analytical and diagnostic performance. Some biomarkers have been extensively used in clinical trials and are now clinically available. Nonetheless, several challenges remain to their widespread use in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos V. Pais
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM-27), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Orestes V. Forlenza
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM-27), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Breno S. Diniz
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mirkin S, Albensi BC. Should artificial intelligence be used in conjunction with Neuroimaging in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease? Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1094233. [PMID: 37187577 PMCID: PMC10177660 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1094233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder that affects memory, thinking, behavior, and other cognitive functions. Although there is no cure, detecting AD early is important for the development of a therapeutic plan and a care plan that may preserve cognitive function and prevent irreversible damage. Neuroimaging, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and positron emission tomography (PET), has served as a critical tool in establishing diagnostic indicators of AD during the preclinical stage. However, as neuroimaging technology quickly advances, there is a challenge in analyzing and interpreting vast amounts of brain imaging data. Given these limitations, there is great interest in using artificial Intelligence (AI) to assist in this process. AI introduces limitless possibilities in the future diagnosis of AD, yet there is still resistance from the healthcare community to incorporate AI in the clinical setting. The goal of this review is to answer the question of whether AI should be used in conjunction with neuroimaging in the diagnosis of AD. To answer the question, the possible benefits and disadvantages of AI are discussed. The main advantages of AI are its potential to improve diagnostic accuracy, improve the efficiency in analyzing radiographic data, reduce physician burnout, and advance precision medicine. The disadvantages include generalization and data shortage, lack of in vivo gold standard, skepticism in the medical community, potential for physician bias, and concerns over patient information, privacy, and safety. Although the challenges present fundamental concerns and must be addressed when the time comes, it would be unethical not to use AI if it can improve patient health and outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Mirkin
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Benedict C. Albensi
- Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
- St. Boniface Hospital Research, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Huang ZW, Zeng HX, Huang YP, Wang TZ, Huang WS, Huang YF, Lin L, Li H. The relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and circulating tau levels: A meta-analysis. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e2972. [PMID: 36938834 PMCID: PMC10097049 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible, progressive brain disorder that impairs memory, thinking, language, and, eventually, the ability to carry out the simplest of tasks. Tau protein, the major component of neurofibrillary tangles, is considered a key mediator of AD pathogenesis. The association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and circulating tau remains unclear. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to evaluate the relationship between OSA and circulating tau via quantitative analysis. METHODS A systematic search of Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science were performed. The mean values of circulating total tau (T-tau) and phosphorylated tau (P-tau) in OSA and control groups were extracted. Standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated by using a random-effect model or fixed-effect model. RESULTS A total of seven studies comprising 233 controls and 306 OSA patients were included in this study. The meta-analysis showed that the circulating T-tau level was significantly higher in OSA patients than those in the control group (SMD = 1.319, 95% CI = 0.594 to 2.044, z = 3.56, p < .001). OSA patients also had significantly higher circulating P-tau level than control group (SMD = 0.343, 95% CI = 0.122 to 0.564, z = 3.04, p = .002). CONCLUSIONS The present meta-analysis demonstrated that both circulating T-tau and P-tau levels were significantly increased in OSA subjects when compared with non-OSA subjects. Larger sample-size studies on the association between OSA and circulating tau are still required to further validate our results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Xue Zeng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ping Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tie-Zhu Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Sen Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Fei Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Silva-Spínola A, Lima M, Leitão MJ, Bernardes C, Durães J, Duro D, Tábuas-Pereira M, Santana I, Baldeiras I. Blood biomarkers in mild cognitive impairment patients: Relationship between analytes and progression to Alzheimer disease dementia. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:1565-1573. [PMID: 36880887 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Blood-based biomarkers are promising tools for the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD) at prodromal stages (mild cognitive impairment [MCI]) and are hoped to be implemented as screening tools for patients with cognitive complaints. In this work, we evaluated the potential of peripheral neurological biomarkers to predict progression to AD dementia and the relation between blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD markers in MCI patients referred from a general neurological department. METHODS A group of 106 MCI patients followed at the Neurology Department of Coimbra University Hospital was included. Data regarding baseline neuropsychological evaluation, CSF levels of amyloid β 42 (Aβ42), Aβ40, total tau (t-Tau), and phosphorylated tau 181 (p-Tau181) were available for all the patients. Aβ42, Aβ40, t-Tau, p-Tau181, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels were determined in baseline stored serum and plasma samples by commercial SiMoA (Single Molecule Array) assays. Progression from MCI to AD dementia was assessed at follow-up (mean = 5.8 ± 3.4 years). RESULTS At baseline, blood markers NfL, GFAP, and p-Tau181 were significantly increased in patients who progressed to AD at follow-up (p < 0.001). In contrast, plasma Aβ42/40 ratio and t-Tau showed no significant differences between groups. NfL, GFAP, and p-Tau181 demonstrated good diagnostic accuracy to identify progression to AD dementia (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.81, 0.80, and 0.76, respectively), which improved when combined (AUC = 0.89). GFAP and p-Tau181 were correlated with CSF Aβ42. Association of p-Tau181 with NfL was mediated by GFAP, with a significant indirect association of 88% of the total effect. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the potential of combining blood-based GFAP, NfL, and p-Tau181 to be applied as a prognostic tool in MCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anuschka Silva-Spínola
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Informatics and Systems, Department of Informatics Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marisa Lima
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria João Leitão
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catarina Bernardes
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Durães
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diana Duro
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Tábuas-Pereira
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Santana
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Baldeiras
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Delaby C, Hirtz C, Lehmann S. Overview of the blood biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease: Promises and challenges. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2023; 179:161-172. [PMID: 36371265 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The increasing number of people with advanced Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents a significant psychological and financial cost to the world population. Accurate detection of the earliest phase of preclinical AD is of major importance for the success of preventive and therapeutic strategies (Cullen et al., 2021). Advances in analytical techniques have been essential for the development of sensitive, specific and reliable diagnostic tests for AD biomarkers in biological fluids (cerebrospinal fluid and blood). Blood biomarkers hold promising potential for early and minimally invasive detection of AD, but also for differential diagnosis of dementia and for monitoring the course of the disease. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of current blood biomarkers of AD, from tau proteins and amyloid peptides to biomarkers of neuronal degeneration and inflammation, reactive and metabolic factors. We thus discuss the informative value of currently candidate blood biomarkers and their potential to be integrated into clinical practice for the management of AD in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Delaby
- LBPC-PPC, Université Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INM Inserm, Montpellier, France; Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Hirtz
- LBPC-PPC, Université Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INM Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - S Lehmann
- LBPC-PPC, Université Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INM Inserm, Montpellier, France.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rajan KB, McAninch EA, Aggarwal NT, Barnes LL, Wilson RS, Weuve J, DeCarli CS, Evans DA. Longitudinal Changes in Blood Biomarkers of Clinical Alzheimer Disease in a Biracial Population Sample. Neurology 2023; 100:e874-e883. [PMID: 36446595 PMCID: PMC9984218 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000201289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Recent studies suggest the utility of blood biomarkers in detecting changes in neurodegenerative disorders. The objective of our research was to test the hypothesis that the longitudinal changes in total tau (t-tau), neurofilament light chain (Nf-L), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are associated with structural MRI and the development of clinical Alzheimer disease (AD) and cognitive decline. METHODS Data came from a population-based sample with serum concentrations of t-tau, Nf-L, and GFAP and cognitive characteristics measured over 17 years. The inclusion criteria for this investigation were based on participants with blood samples, cognitive function testing, and clinical diagnosis for AD. The longitudinal changes in the serum biomarkers were examined using linear mixed models for log10-transformed concentrations. RESULTS In 1,327 participants (60% Black participants and 60% women, the concentration of t-tau increased annually by 4.8% (95% CI = 4.0-5.6) and Nf-L by 5.9% (95% CI = 5.4-6.4). The longitudinal change in GFAP was higher among Black participants than among White participants (4.4% vs 3.5% per year, p = 0.028). Baseline MRI characteristics were associated with the longitudinal changes in serum biomarkers of clinical AD. Specifically, a higher baseline third ventricular volume was associated with a higher rate of increase in the concentration of t-tau, and white matter hyperintensities predicted a higher rate of increase in Nf-L. The rate of change in concentrations of t-tau, Nf-L, and GFAP was significantly higher among those who developed clinical AD than in those with no cognitive impairment. For each standard deviation unit decline in global cognition, longitudinal change in t-tau increased by 81% (95% CI = 76-86), Nf-L by 113% (95% CI = 105-120), and GFAP by 66% (95% CI = 62-70). DISCUSSION Blood biomarkers showed significant longitudinal changes corresponding to cognitive decline, clinical AD, and structural MRI characteristics. Our findings show that longitudinal changes in serum biomarkers were associated with several cognitive endophenotypes. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE The study found Class II evidence that longitudinal changes in serum t-tau, Nf-L, and GFAP were associated with cognitive decline and the development of clinical AD in people older than 65 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kumar B Rajan
- From the Rush Institute for Healthy Aging (K.R., D.E.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL; Stanford University (E.A.M.), Palo Alto, CA; Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (N.A., L.L.B., R.W.), Chicago IL; Boston University (J.W.), Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), University of California, Davis.
| | - Elizabeth A McAninch
- From the Rush Institute for Healthy Aging (K.R., D.E.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL; Stanford University (E.A.M.), Palo Alto, CA; Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (N.A., L.L.B., R.W.), Chicago IL; Boston University (J.W.), Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), University of California, Davis
| | - Neelum T Aggarwal
- From the Rush Institute for Healthy Aging (K.R., D.E.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL; Stanford University (E.A.M.), Palo Alto, CA; Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (N.A., L.L.B., R.W.), Chicago IL; Boston University (J.W.), Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), University of California, Davis
| | - Lisa L Barnes
- From the Rush Institute for Healthy Aging (K.R., D.E.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL; Stanford University (E.A.M.), Palo Alto, CA; Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (N.A., L.L.B., R.W.), Chicago IL; Boston University (J.W.), Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), University of California, Davis
| | - Robert S Wilson
- From the Rush Institute for Healthy Aging (K.R., D.E.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL; Stanford University (E.A.M.), Palo Alto, CA; Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (N.A., L.L.B., R.W.), Chicago IL; Boston University (J.W.), Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), University of California, Davis
| | - Jennifer Weuve
- From the Rush Institute for Healthy Aging (K.R., D.E.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL; Stanford University (E.A.M.), Palo Alto, CA; Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (N.A., L.L.B., R.W.), Chicago IL; Boston University (J.W.), Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), University of California, Davis
| | - Charles S DeCarli
- From the Rush Institute for Healthy Aging (K.R., D.E.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL; Stanford University (E.A.M.), Palo Alto, CA; Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (N.A., L.L.B., R.W.), Chicago IL; Boston University (J.W.), Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), University of California, Davis
| | - Denis A Evans
- From the Rush Institute for Healthy Aging (K.R., D.E.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL; Stanford University (E.A.M.), Palo Alto, CA; Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (N.A., L.L.B., R.W.), Chicago IL; Boston University (J.W.), Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), University of California, Davis
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lilek J, Ajroud K, Feldman AZ, Krishnamachari S, Ghourchian S, Gefen T, Spencer CL, Kawles A, Mao Q, Tranovich JF, Jack CR, Mesulam MM, Reichard RR, Zhang H, Murray ME, Knopman D, Dickson DW, Petersen RC, Smith B, Ashe KH, Mielke MM, Nelson KM, Flanagan ME. Accumulation of pTau231 at the Postsynaptic Density in Early Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 92:241-260. [PMID: 36744338 PMCID: PMC10041451 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphorylated cytoplasmic tau inclusions correlate with and precede cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, pathological tau accumulation and relationships to synaptic changes remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To address this, we examined postmortem brain from 50 individuals with the full spectrum of AD (clinically and neuropathologically). Total tau, pTau231, and AMPA GluR1 were compared across two brain regions (entorhinal and middle frontal cortices), as well as clinically stratified groups (control, amnestic mild cognitive impairment, AD dementia), NIA-AA Alzheimer's Disease Neuropathologic Change designations (Not, Low, Intermediate, High), and Braak tangle stages (1-6). Significant co-existing pathology was excluded to isolate changes attributed to pathologic AD. METHODS Synaptosomal fractionation and staining were performed to measure changes in total Tau, pTau231, and AMPA GluR1. Total Tau and pTau231 were quantified in synaptosomal fractions using Quanterix Simoa HD-X. RESULTS Increasing pTau231 in frontal postsynaptic fractions correlated positively with increasing clinical and neuropathological AD severity. Frontal cortex is representative of early AD, as it does not become involved by tau tangles until late in AD. Entorhinal total tau was significantly higher in the amnestic mild cognitive impairment group when compared to AD, but only after accounting for AD associated synaptic changes. Alterations in AMPA GluR1 observed in the entorhinal cortex, but not middle frontal cortex, suggest that pTau231 mislocalization and aggregation in postsynaptic structures may impair glutamatergic signaling by promoting AMPA receptor dephosphorylation and internalization. CONCLUSION Results highlight the potential effectiveness of early pharmacological interventions targeting pTau231 accumulation at the postsynaptic density.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Lilek
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Illinois, USA
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University, Illinois, USA
| | - Kaouther Ajroud
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Illinois, USA
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tamar Gefen
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University, Illinois, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Illinois, USA
| | - Callen L. Spencer
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University, Illinois, USA
| | - Allegra Kawles
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University, Illinois, USA
| | - Qinwen Mao
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Illinois, USA
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - M-Marsel Mesulam
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Illinois, USA
| | - R. Ross Reichard
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University, Illinois, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventative Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Illinois, USA
| | | | - David Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | - Benjamin Smith
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA
- N. Bud Grossman Center for Memory Research and Care, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA
| | - Karen H. Ashe
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA
- N. Bud Grossman Center for Memory Research and Care, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michelle M. Mielke
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kathryn M. Nelson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA
| | - Margaret E. Flanagan
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Illinois, USA
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dong Y, Hou T, Li Y, Liu R, Cong L, Liu K, Liu C, Han X, Ren Y, Tang S, Winblad B, Blennow K, Wang Y, Du Y, Qiu C. Plasma Amyloid-β, Total Tau, and Neurofilament Light Chain Across the Alzheimer's Disease Clinical Spectrum: A Population-Based Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:845-858. [PMID: 37899059 PMCID: PMC10657676 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma biomarkers have emerged as a promising approach for characterizing pathophysiology in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVE We aimed to characterize plasma biomarkers for AD and neurodegeneration across the AD clinical continuum, and to assess their ability to differentiate between AD, MCI, and normal cognition. METHODS This population-based study engaged 1,446 rural-dwelling older adults (age ≥60 years, 61.0% women) derived from MIND-China; of these, 402 were defined with MCI and 142 with AD. Plasma amyloid-β (Aβ), total tau (t-tau), and neurofilament light chain (NfL) concentrations were analyzed using the Simoa platform. Data were analyzed using linear and logistic regression models, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS Across the AD clinical spectrum, plasma Aβ40 and NfL increased, whereas Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio decreased. Plasma t-tau was higher in people with AD dementia than those with MCI or normal cognition. Plasma NfL outperformed other biomarkers in differentiating AD from normal cognition (area under the ROC curve [AUC] = 0.75), but all plasma biomarkers performed poorly to distinguish MCI from normal cognition (AUC <0.60). Plasma NfL in combination with age, sex, education, and APOE genotype yielded the AUC of 0.87 for differentiating between AD and normal cognition, 0.79 between AD and MCI, and 0.64 between MCI and normal cognition. CONCLUSIONS In this Chinese population, AD plasma biomarkers vary by age, sex, and APOE genotype. Plasma Aβ, t-tau, and NfL differ across the AD clinical spectrum, and plasma NfL appears to be superior to plasma Aβ and t-tau for defining the clinical spectrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dong
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain-inspired Research, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Hou
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yuanjing Li
- Aging Research Center and Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Lin Cong
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Keke Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Cuicui Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolei Han
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yifei Ren
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Shi Tang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain-inspired Research, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Aging Research Center and Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yifeng Du
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain-inspired Research, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Chengxuan Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain-inspired Research, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Aging Research Center and Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Merten N, Pinto AA, Paulsen AJ, Chen Y, Engelman CD, Hancock LM, Johnson SC, Schubert CR. Associations of Midlife Lifestyle and Health Factors with Long-Term Changes in Blood-Based Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease and Neurodegeneration. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:1381-1395. [PMID: 37393497 PMCID: PMC10461414 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathological biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias can change decades before clinical symptoms. Lifestyle and health factors might be relevant modifiable risk factors for dementia. Many previous studies have been focusing on associations of lifestyle and health-related factors with clinical outcomes later in life. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine to what extent midlife factors of lifestyle, inflammation, vascular, and metabolic health were associated with long-term changes in blood-based biomarkers of AD (amyloid beta (Aβ)) and neurodegeneration (neurofilament light chain (NfL); total tau(TTau)). METHODS In 1,529 Beaver Dam Offspring Study (BOSS) participants (mean age 49 years, standard deviation (SD) = 9; 54% were women), we applied mixed-effects models with baseline risk factors as determinants and 10-year serum biomarker change as outcomes. RESULTS We found that education and inflammatory markers were associated with levels and/or change over time across all three markers of AD and neurodegeneration in the blood. There were baseline associations of measures of cardiovascular health with lower Aβ42/Aβ40. TTau changed little over time and was higher in individuals with diabetes. Individuals with lower risk in a number of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors, including diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis had slower accumulation of neurodegeneration over time, as determined by NfL levels. CONCLUSION Various lifestyle and health factors, including education and inflammation, were associated with longitudinal changes of neurodegenerative and AD biomarker levels in midlife. If confirmed, these findings could have important implications for developing early lifestyle and health interventions that could potentially slow processes of neurodegeneration and AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Merten
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - A Alex Pinto
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Adam J Paulsen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yanjun Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Corinne D Engelman
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Laura M Hancock
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
- William S Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, WI, USA
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Carla R Schubert
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gonzalez-Ortiz F, Turton M, Kac PR, Smirnov D, Premi E, Ghidoni R, Benussi L, Cantoni V, Saraceno C, Rivolta J, Ashton NJ, Borroni B, Galasko D, Harrison P, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Karikari TK. Brain-derived tau: a novel blood-based biomarker for Alzheimer's disease-type neurodegeneration. Brain 2022; 146:1152-1165. [PMID: 36572122 PMCID: PMC9976981 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood-based biomarkers for amyloid beta and phosphorylated tau show good diagnostic accuracies and agreements with their corresponding CSF and neuroimaging biomarkers in the amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration [A/T/(N)] framework for Alzheimer's disease. However, the blood-based neurodegeneration marker neurofilament light is not specific to Alzheimer's disease while total-tau shows lack of correlation with CSF total-tau. Recent studies suggest that blood total-tau originates principally from peripheral, non-brain sources. We sought to address this challenge by generating an anti-tau antibody that selectively binds brain-derived tau and avoids the peripherally expressed 'big tau' isoform. We applied this antibody to develop an ultrasensitive blood-based assay for brain-derived tau, and validated it in five independent cohorts (n = 609) including a blood-to-autopsy cohort, CSF biomarker-classified cohorts and memory clinic cohorts. In paired samples, serum and CSF brain-derived tau were significantly correlated (rho = 0.85, P < 0.0001), while serum and CSF total-tau were not (rho = 0.23, P = 0.3364). Blood-based brain-derived tau showed equivalent diagnostic performance as CSF total-tau and CSF brain-derived tau to separate biomarker-positive Alzheimer's disease participants from biomarker-negative controls. Furthermore, plasma brain-derived tau accurately distinguished autopsy-confirmed Alzheimer's disease from other neurodegenerative diseases (area under the curve = 86.4%) while neurofilament light did not (area under the curve = 54.3%). These performances were independent of the presence of concomitant pathologies. Plasma brain-derived tau (rho = 0.52-0.67, P = 0.003), but not neurofilament light (rho = -0.14-0.17, P = 0.501), was associated with global and regional amyloid plaque and neurofibrillary tangle counts. These results were further verified in two memory clinic cohorts where serum brain-derived tau differentiated Alzheimer's disease from a range of other neurodegenerative disorders, including frontotemporal lobar degeneration and atypical parkinsonian disorders (area under the curve up to 99.6%). Notably, plasma/serum brain-derived tau correlated with neurofilament light only in Alzheimer's disease but not in the other neurodegenerative diseases. Across cohorts, plasma/serum brain-derived tau was associated with CSF and plasma AT(N) biomarkers and cognitive function. Brain-derived tau is a new blood-based biomarker that outperforms plasma total-tau and, unlike neurofilament light, shows specificity to Alzheimer's disease-type neurodegeneration. Thus, brain-derived tau demonstrates potential to complete the AT(N) scheme in blood, and will be useful to evaluate Alzheimer's disease-dependent neurodegenerative processes for clinical and research purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Gonzalez-Ortiz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Michael Turton
- Bioventix Plc, Romans Business Park, Farnham, Surrey GU9 7SX, UK
| | - Przemysław R Kac
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Denis Smirnov
- University of California, San Diego and Shiely-Marcos Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Enrico Premi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, BS 25121, Italy
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia 25121, Italy
| | - Luisa Benussi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia 25121, Italy
| | - Valentina Cantoni
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, BS 25121, Italy
| | - Claudia Saraceno
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia 25121, Italy
| | - Jasmine Rivolta
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, BS 25121, Italy
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden,King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, SE5 8AF, UK,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, BS 25121, Italy
| | - Douglas Galasko
- University of California, San Diego and Shiely-Marcos Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Peter Harrison
- Bioventix Plc, Romans Business Park, Farnham, Surrey GU9 7SX, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, 431 80, Sweden,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, 431 80, Sweden
| | - Thomas K Karikari
- Correspondence to: Thomas K. Karikari, PhD Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg SE 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hermann P, Villar-Piqué A, Schmitz M, Schmidt C, Varges D, Goebel S, Bunck T, Lindemann H, Bogner C, Santana I, Baldeiras I, Riggert J, Zerr I, Llorens F. Plasma Lipocalin 2 in Alzheimer’s disease: potential utility in the differential diagnosis and relationship with other biomarkers. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:9. [PMID: 35027079 PMCID: PMC8759265 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00955-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Lipocalin-2 is a glycoprotein that is involved in various physiological and pathophysiological processes. In the brain, it is expressed in response to vascular and other brain injury, as well as in Alzheimer’s disease in reactive microglia and astrocytes. Plasma Lipocalin-2 has been proposed as a biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease but available data is scarce and inconsistent. Thus, we evaluated plasma Lipocalin-2 in the context of Alzheimer’s disease, differential diagnoses, other biomarkers, and clinical data. Methods For this two-center case-control study, we analyzed Lipocalin-2 concentrations in plasma samples from a cohort of n = 407 individuals. The diagnostic groups comprised Alzheimer’s disease (n = 74), vascular dementia (n = 28), other important differential diagnoses (n = 221), and healthy controls (n = 84). Main results were validated in an independent cohort with patients with Alzheimer’s disease (n = 19), mild cognitive impairment (n = 27), and healthy individuals (n = 28). Results Plasma Lipocalin-2 was significantly lower in Alzheimer’s disease compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001) and all other groups (p < 0.01) except for mixed dementia (vascular and Alzheimer’s pathologic changes). Areas under the curve from receiver operation characteristics for the discrimination of Alzheimer’s disease and healthy controls were 0.783 (95%CI: 0.712–0.855) in the study cohort and 0.766 (95%CI: 0.627–0.905) in the validation cohort. The area under the curve for Alzheimer’s disease versus vascular dementia was 0.778 (95%CI: 0.667–0.890) in the study cohort. In Alzheimer’s disease patients, plasma Lipocalin2 did not show significant correlation with cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of neurodegeneration and AD-related pathology (total-tau, phosphorylated tau protein, and beta-amyloid 1-42), cognitive status (Mini Mental Status Examination scores), APOE genotype, or presence of white matter hyperintensities. Interestingly, Lipocalin 2 was lower in patients with rapid disease course compared to patients with non-rapidly progressive Alzheimer’s disease (p = 0.013). Conclusions Plasma Lipocalin-2 has potential as a diagnostic biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease and seems to be independent from currently employed biomarkers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13195-021-00955-9.
Collapse
|
30
|
Paulsen AJ, Schubert CR, Pinto AA, Chappell RJ, Chen Y, Cruickshanks KJ, Engelman CD, Ferrucci L, Hancock LM, Johnson SC, Merten N. Associations of sensory and motor function with blood-based biomarkers of neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease in midlife. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 120:177-188. [PMID: 36209638 PMCID: PMC9613601 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Pathological biomarkers of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) change decades before clinical symptoms. Common sensory and motor changes in aging adults may be early markers of neurodegeneration. We investigated if midlife sensory and motor functions in Beaver Dam Offspring Study (BOSS) participants (N = 1529) were associated with longitudinal changes in blood-based biomarkers of neurodegeneration (neurofilament light chain (NfL); total tau (TTau)) and AD (amyloid beta (Aβ)). Mixed-effects models with baseline sensory and motor function as determinants and 10-year biomarker change as outcome were used. Participants with hearing impairment and worse motor function (among women) showed faster increases in NfL level over time (0.8% per year; 0.3% per year, respectively). There were no significant associations with TTau or Aβ. We found consistent relationships between worse baseline hearing and motor function with a faster increase in neurodegeneration, specifically serum NfL level. Future studies with longer follow-up should determine if sensory and motor changes are more reflective of general neurodegeneration than AD-specific pathology and whether sensory and motor tests may be useful screening tools for neurodegeneration risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Paulsen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Carla R Schubert
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alex A Pinto
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Richard J Chappell
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics and Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yanjun Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Karen J Cruickshanks
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Corinne D Engelman
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Study Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laura M Hancock
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center of the William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Natascha Merten
- Department of Geriatrics and Adult Development, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Needham EJ, Ren AL, Digby RJ, Norton EJ, Ebrahimi S, Outtrim JG, Chatfield DA, Manktelow AE, Leibowitz MM, Newcombe VFJ, Doffinger R, Barcenas-Morales G, Fonseca C, Taussig MJ, Burnstein RM, Samanta RJ, Dunai C, Sithole N, Ashton NJ, Zetterberg H, Gisslén M, Edén A, Marklund E, Openshaw PJM, Dunning J, Griffiths MJ, Cavanagh J, Breen G, Irani SR, Elmer A, Kingston N, Summers C, Bradley JR, Taams LS, Michael BD, Bullmore ET, Smith KGC, Lyons PA, Coles AJ, Menon DK. Brain injury in COVID-19 is associated with dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses. Brain 2022; 145:4097-4107. [PMID: 36065116 PMCID: PMC9494359 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is associated with neurological complications including stroke, delirium and encephalitis. Furthermore, a post-viral syndrome dominated by neuropsychiatric symptoms is common, and is seemingly unrelated to COVID-19 severity. The true frequency and underlying mechanisms of neurological injury are unknown, but exaggerated host inflammatory responses appear to be a key driver of COVID-19 severity. We investigated the dynamics of, and relationship between, serum markers of brain injury [neurofilament light (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and total tau] and markers of dysregulated host response (autoantibody production and cytokine profiles) in 175 patients admitted with COVID-19 and 45 patients with influenza. During hospitalization, sera from patients with COVID-19 demonstrated elevations of NfL and GFAP in a severity-dependent manner, with evidence of ongoing active brain injury at follow-up 4 months later. These biomarkers were associated with elevations of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the presence of autoantibodies to a large number of different antigens. Autoantibodies were commonly seen against lung surfactant proteins but also brain proteins such as myelin associated glycoprotein. Commensurate findings were seen in the influenza cohort. A distinct process characterized by elevation of serum total tau was seen in patients at follow-up, which appeared to be independent of initial disease severity and was not associated with dysregulated immune responses unlike NfL and GFAP. These results demonstrate that brain injury is a common consequence of both COVID-19 and influenza, and is therefore likely to be a feature of severe viral infection more broadly. The brain injury occurs in the context of dysregulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses, with no single pathogenic mechanism clearly responsible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Needham
- Correspondence to: Edward Needham Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK E-mail:
| | - Alexander L Ren
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard J Digby
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Emma J Norton
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Soraya Ebrahimi
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Joanne G Outtrim
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Doris A Chatfield
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Anne E Manktelow
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Maya M Leibowitz
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Rainer Doffinger
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Claudia Fonseca
- Cambridge Protein Arrays Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael J Taussig
- Cambridge Protein Arrays Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rowan M Burnstein
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Romit J Samanta
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Cordelia Dunai
- Clinical Infection Microbiology and Neuroimmunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science, Liverpool, UK
| | - Nyarie Sithole
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cambridge University NHS Hospitals Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Magnus Gisslén
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Arden Edén
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emelie Marklund
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Jake Dunning
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael J Griffiths
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jonathan Cavanagh
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gerome Breen
- Department of Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Sarosh R Irani
- Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Neurology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Anne Elmer
- Cambridge Clinical Research Centre, NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nathalie Kingston
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Charlotte Summers
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - John R Bradley
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Leonie S Taams
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology (CIBCI) and Department Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Benedict D Michael
- Clinical Infection Microbiology and Neuroimmunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science, Liverpool, UK
| | - Edward T Bullmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building for Brain and Mind Sciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kenneth G C Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul A Lyons
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alasdair J Coles
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - David K Menon
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Graff-Radford J, Mielke MM, Hofrenning EI, Kouri N, Lesnick TG, Moloney CM, Rabinstein A, Cabrera-Rodriguez JN, Rothberg DM, Przybelski SA, Petersen RC, Knopman DS, Dickson DW, Jack CR, Algeciras-Schimnich A, Nguyen AT, Murray ME, Vemuri P. Association of plasma biomarkers of amyloid and neurodegeneration with cerebrovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 119:1-7. [PMID: 35952440 PMCID: PMC9732897 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the differential mapping of plasma biomarkers to postmortem neuropathology measures. We identified 64 participants in a population-based study with antemortem plasma markers (amyloid-β [Aβ] x-42, Aβx-40, neurofilament light [NfL], and total tau [T-tau]) who also had neuropathologic assessments of Alzheimer's and cerebrovascular pathology. We conducted weighted linear-regression models to evaluate relationships between plasma measures and neuropathology. Higher plasma NfL and Aβ42/40 ratio were associated with cerebrovascular neuropathologic scales (p < 0.05) but not with Braak stage, neuritic plaque score, or Thal phase. Plasma Aβ42/40 and NfL explained up to 18% of the variability in cerebrovascular neuropathologic scales. In participants predominantly with modest levels of Alzheimer's pathologic change, biomarkers of amyloid and neurodegeneration were associated with cerebrovascular neuropathology. NfL is a non-specific marker of brain injury, therefore its association with cerebrovascular neuropathology was expected. The association between elevated Aβ42/40 and cerebrovascular disease pathology needs further investigation but could be due to the use of less specific amyloid-β assays (x-40, x-42).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle M Mielke
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Naomi Kouri
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Timothy G Lesnick
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Scott A Przybelski
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Aivi T Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhang S, Dong H, Bian J, Li D, Liu C. Targeting amyloid proteins for clinical diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
34
|
Saunders TS, Gadd DA, Spires‐Jones TL, King D, Ritchie C, Muniz‐Terrera G. Associations between cerebrospinal fluid markers and cognition in ageing and dementia: A systematic review. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:5650-5713. [PMID: 35338546 PMCID: PMC9790745 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A biomarker associated with cognition in neurodegenerative dementias would aid in the early detection of disease progression, complement clinical staging and act as a surrogate endpoint in clinical trials. The current systematic review evaluates the association between cerebrospinal fluid protein markers of synapse loss and neuronal injury and cognition. We performed a systematic search which revealed 67 studies reporting an association between cerebrospinal fluid markers of interest and neuropsychological performance. Despite the substantial heterogeneity between studies, we found some evidence for an association between neurofilament-light and worse cognition in Alzheimer's diseases, frontotemporal dementia and typical cognitive ageing. Moreover, there was an association between cerebrospinal fluid neurogranin and cognition in those with an Alzheimer's-like cerebrospinal fluid biomarker profile. Some evidence was found for cerebrospinal fluid neuronal pentraxin-2 as a correlate of cognition across dementia syndromes. Due to the substantial heterogeneity of the field, no firm conclusions can be drawn from this review. Future research should focus on improving standardization and reporting as well as establishing the importance of novel markers such as neuronal pentraxin-2 and whether such markers can predict longitudinal cognitive decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler S. Saunders
- UK Dementia Research InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK,Center for Discovery Brain SciencesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK,Center for Clinical Brain SciencesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK,Center for Dementia PreventionThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Danni A. Gadd
- Center for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Tara L. Spires‐Jones
- UK Dementia Research InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK,Center for Discovery Brain SciencesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Declan King
- UK Dementia Research InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK,Center for Discovery Brain SciencesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Craig Ritchie
- Center for Clinical Brain SciencesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK,Center for Dementia PreventionThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Graciela Muniz‐Terrera
- Center for Clinical Brain SciencesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK,Center for Dementia PreventionThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Huang Y, Li Y, Xie F, Guo Q. Associations of plasma phosphorylated tau181 and neurofilament light chain with brain amyloid burden and cognition in objectively defined subtle cognitive decline patients. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:2195-2205. [PMID: 36074638 PMCID: PMC9627371 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS There is increasing evidence that plasma biomarkers are specific biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, but their potential utility in Obj-SCD (objectively defined subtle cognitive decline) remains unclear. METHODS A total of 234 subjects, including 65 with brain amyloid beta (Aβ) negative normal cognition (Aβ- NC), 58 with Aβ-positive NC (Aβ+ NC), 63 with Aβ- Obj-SCD, and 48 with Aβ+ Obj-SCD were enrolled. Plasma Aβ42, Aβ40, Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, phosphorylated tau181 (p-tau181), neurofilament light chain (NfL), and total tau (T-tau) were measured using Simoa assays. Logistic and linear regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between plasma biomarkers and brain amyloid, cognition, and imaging measures adjusting for age, sex, education, APOE ε4 status, and vascular risk scores. Receiver operating characteristics were used to evaluate the discriminative validity of biomarkers. RESULTS After adjustment, only plasma p-tau181 and NfL were significantly elevated in Aβ+ Obj-SCD participants compared to Aβ- NC group. Elevated p-tau181 was associated with brain amyloid accumulation, worse cognitive performance (visual episodic memory, executive function, and visuospatial function), and hippocampal atrophy. These associations mainly occurred in Aβ+ individuals. In contrast, higher NfL was correlated with brain amyloid burden and verbal memory decline. These associations predominantly occurred in Aβ- individuals. The adjusted diagnostic model combining p-tau181 and NfL levels showed the best performance in identifying Aβ+ Obj-SCD from Aβ- NC [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.814], which did not differ from the adjusted p-tau181 model (AUC = 0.763). CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight that plasma p-tau181, alone or combined with NfL, contributes to identifying high-risk AD populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanlu Huang
- Department of GerontologyShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Yuehua Li
- Department of RadiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Fang Xie
- PET Center, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qihao Guo
- Department of GerontologyShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghaiChina
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Nabizadeh F, Balabandian M, Rostami MR, Ward RT, Ahmadi N, Pourhamzeh M. Plasma p-tau181 associated with structural changes in mild cognitive impairment. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:2139-2147. [PMID: 35648357 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-022-02148-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with dementia and is a serious concern for the health of individuals and government health care systems worldwide. Gray matter atrophy and white matter damage are major contributors to cognitive deficits in AD patients, as demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Many of these brain changes associated with AD begin to occur about 15 years before the onset of initial clinical symptoms. Therefore, it is critical to find biomarkers reflective of these brain changes associated with AD to identify this disease and monitor its prognosis and development. The increased plasma level of hyperphosphorylated tau 181 (p-tau181) has been recently considered a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of AD, preclinical AD, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In the current study, we examined the association of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma levels of p-tau181 with structural brain changes in cortical thickness, cortical volume, surface area, and subcortical volume in MCI patients. In this cross-sectional study, we included the information of 461 MCI patients from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort. The results of voxel-wise partial correlation analyses showed a significant negative correlation between the increased levels of plasma p-tau181, CSF total tau, and CSF p-tau181 with structural changes in widespread brain regions. These results provide evidence for the use of plasma p-tau181 as a diagnostic marker for structural changes in the brain associated with the early stages of AD and neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fardin Nabizadeh
- Neuroscience Research Group (NRG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Balabandian
- Neuroscience Research Group (NRG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Rostami
- Neuroscience Research Group (NRG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Richard T Ward
- Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida, Florida, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Florida, USA
| | - Niloufar Ahmadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Pourhamzeh
- Division of Neuroscience, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Qin P, He J, Yang X, Chen S, Chen X, Jiang H, Fung AWT, Wang Z, Lau JTF. The Role of Depressive Symptoms and Physical Activity Levels in Mediating the Association Between HIV Status and Neurocognitive Functions Among Individuals Aged at Least 50 Years in China: Cross-sectional Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2022; 8:e32968. [PMID: 35984684 PMCID: PMC9440416 DOI: 10.2196/32968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neurocognitive impairments are prevalent among older people in China. It is more problematic among older people living with HIV. Objective This study aims to compare neurocognitive performance between older people living with HIV and HIV-negative controls, and to explore whether the association between HIV status and neurocognitive performance was mediated by depressive symptoms and level of physical activity. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Yongzhou, China. All people living with HIV aged ≥50 years listed in the registry were invited. Frequency matching was used to sample HIV-negative controls from the general population according to the distribution of age, sex, and years of formal education of older people living with HIV. A total of 315 older people living with HIV and 350 HIV-negative controls completed the face-to-face interview and comprehensive neuropsychological assessment of seven domains (learning, memory, working memory, verbal fluency, processing speed, executive function, and motor skills). Results As compared to HIV-negative controls, older people living with HIV performed worse in global score and all seven domains (P<.05). HIV infection was associated with higher depressive symptoms (P<.001) and lower level of physical activity (P<.001). Depressive symptoms and physical activity were negatively correlated (P<.001). Depressive symptoms and level of physical activity mediated the association between HIV status and global z-score and four domain z-scores of neurocognitive performance (learning, memory, verbal fluency, and processing speed). Conclusions Change in mental health and physical activity after HIV infection may partially explain why older people living with HIV are more susceptible to neurocognitive impairment. Promoting mental health and physical activity are potential entry points to slow down the progress of neurocognitive impairment among older people living with HIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Qin
- Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jianmei He
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Siyu Chen
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xi Chen
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ada Wai Tung Fung
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Zixin Wang
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Joseph Tak Fai Lau
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Affilliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wen Zhou, China.,School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhou J, Benoit M, Sharoar MG. Recent advances in pre-clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1703-1725. [PMID: 33900524 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00733-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common dementia with currently no known cures or disease modifying treatments (DMTs), despite much time and effort from the field. Diagnosis and intervention of AD during the early pre-symptomatic phase of the disease is thought to be a more effective strategy. Therefore, the detection of biomarkers has emerged as a critical tool for monitoring the effect of new AD therapies, as well as identifying patients most likely to respond to treatment. The establishment of the amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration (A/T/N) framework in 2018 has codified the contexts of use of AD biomarkers in neuroimaging and bodily fluids for research and diagnostic purposes. Furthermore, a renewed drive for novel AD biomarkers and innovative methods of detection has emerged with the goals of adding additional insight to disease progression and discovery of new therapeutic targets. The use of biomarkers has accelerated the development of AD drugs and will bring new therapies to patients in need. This review highlights recent methods utilized to diagnose antemortem AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Molecular Medicine Program, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Marc Benoit
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Md Golam Sharoar
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Faldu KG, Shah JS. Alzheimer's disease: a scoping review of biomarker research and development for effective disease diagnosis. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2022; 22:681-703. [PMID: 35855631 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2022.2104639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is regarded as the foremost reason for neurodegeneration that prominently affects the geriatric population. Characterized by extracellular accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ), intracellular aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau), and neuronal degeneration that causes impairment of memory and cognition. Amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration (ATN) classification is utilized for research purposes and involves amyloid, tau, and neuronal injury staging through MRI, PET scanning, and CSF protein concentration estimations. CSF sampling is invasive, and MRI and PET scanning requires sophisticated radiological facilities which limit its widespread diagnostic use. ATN classification lacks effectiveness in preclinical AD. AREAS COVERED This publication intends to collate and review the existing biomarker profile and the current research and development of a new arsenal of biomarkers for AD pathology from different biological samples, microRNA (miRNA), proteomics, metabolomics, artificial intelligence, and machine learning for AD screening, diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of AD treatments. EXPERT OPINION It is an accepted observation that AD-related pathological changes occur over a long period of time before the first symptoms are observed providing ample opportunity for detection of biological alterations in various biological samples that can aid in early diagnosis and modify treatment outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Govind Faldu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Jigna Samir Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tau as a Biomarker of Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137307. [PMID: 35806324 PMCID: PMC9266883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Less than 50 years since tau was first isolated from a porcine brain, its detection in femtolitre concentrations in biological fluids is revolutionizing the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. This review highlights the molecular and technological advances that have catapulted tau from obscurity to the forefront of biomarker diagnostics. Comprehensive updates are provided describing the burgeoning clinical applications of tau as a biomarker of neurodegeneration. For the clinician, tau not only enhances diagnostic accuracy, but holds promise as a predictor of clinical progression, phenotype, and response to drug therapy. For patients living with neurodegenerative disorders, characterization of tau dysregulation could provide much-needed clarity to a notoriously murky diagnostic landscape.
Collapse
|
41
|
Kivisäkk P, Magdamo C, Trombetta BA, Noori A, Kuo YKE, Chibnik LB, Carlyle BC, Serrano-Pozo A, Scherzer CR, Hyman BT, Das S, Arnold SE. Plasma biomarkers for prognosis of cognitive decline in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac155. [PMID: 35800899 PMCID: PMC9257670 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma-based biomarkers present a promising approach in the research and clinical practice of Alzheimer's disease as they are inexpensive, accessible and minimally invasive. In particular, prognostic biomarkers of cognitive decline may aid in planning and management of clinical care. Although recent studies have demonstrated the prognostic utility of plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer pathology or neurodegeneration, such as pTau-181 and NF-L, whether other plasma biomarkers can further improve prediction of cognitive decline is undetermined. We conducted an observational cohort study to determine the prognostic utility of plasma biomarkers in predicting progression to dementia for individuals presenting with mild cognitive impairment due to probable Alzheimer's disease. We used the Olink™ Proximity Extension Assay technology to measure the level of 460 circulating proteins in banked plasma samples of all participants. We used a discovery data set comprised 60 individuals with mild cognitive impairment (30 progressors and 30 stable) and a validation data set consisting of 21 stable and 21 progressors. We developed a machine learning model to distinguish progressors from stable and used 44 proteins with significantly different plasma levels in progressors versus stable along with age, sex, education and baseline cognition as candidate features. A model with age, education, APOE genotype, baseline cognition, plasma pTau-181 and 12 plasma Olink protein biomarker levels was able to distinguish progressors from stable with 86.7% accuracy (mean area under the curve = 0.88). In the validation data set, the model accuracy was 78.6%. The Olink proteins selected by the model included those associated with vascular injury and neuroinflammation (e.g. IL-8, IL-17A, TIMP-4, MMP7). In addition, to compare these prognostic biomarkers to those that are altered in Alzheimer's disease or other types of dementia relative to controls, we analyzed samples from 20 individuals with Alzheimer, 30 with non-Alzheimer dementias and 34 with normal cognition. The proteins NF-L and PTP-1B were significantly higher in both Alzheimer and non-Alzheimer dementias compared with cognitively normal individuals. Interestingly, the prognostic markers of decline at the mild cognitive impairment stage did not overlap with those that differed between dementia and control cases. In summary, our findings suggest that plasma biomarkers of inflammation and vascular injury are associated with cognitive decline. Developing a plasma biomarker profile could aid in prognostic deliberations and identify individuals at higher risk of dementia in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Kivisäkk
- Alzheimer’s Clinical & Translational Research Unit and Massachusetts Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Colin Magdamo
- Alzheimer’s Clinical & Translational Research Unit and Massachusetts Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Bianca A Trombetta
- Alzheimer’s Clinical & Translational Research Unit and Massachusetts Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Ayush Noori
- Alzheimer’s Clinical & Translational Research Unit and Massachusetts Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Yi kai E Kuo
- Alzheimer’s Clinical & Translational Research Unit and Massachusetts Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Lori B Chibnik
- Alzheimer’s Clinical & Translational Research Unit and Massachusetts Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Becky C Carlyle
- Alzheimer’s Clinical & Translational Research Unit and Massachusetts Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Alberto Serrano-Pozo
- Alzheimer’s Clinical & Translational Research Unit and Massachusetts Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Clemens R Scherzer
- Center for Advanced Parkinson Research and Precision Neurology Program, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Alzheimer’s Clinical & Translational Research Unit and Massachusetts Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Sudeshna Das
- Alzheimer’s Clinical & Translational Research Unit and Massachusetts Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Steven E Arnold
- Alzheimer’s Clinical & Translational Research Unit and Massachusetts Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Blood phospho-tau in Alzheimer disease: analysis, interpretation, and clinical utility. Nat Rev Neurol 2022; 18:400-418. [PMID: 35585226 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-022-00665-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Well-authenticated biomarkers can provide critical insights into the biological basis of Alzheimer disease (AD) to enable timely and accurate diagnosis, estimate future burden and support therapeutic trials. Current cerebrospinal fluid and molecular neuroimaging biomarkers fulfil these criteria but lack the scalability and simplicity necessary for widespread application. Blood biomarkers of adequate effectiveness have the potential to act as first-line diagnostic and prognostic tools, and offer the possibility of extensive population screening and use that is not limited to specialized centres. Accelerated progress in our understanding of the biochemistry of brain-derived tau protein and advances in ultrasensitive technologies have enabled the development of AD-specific phosphorylated tau (p-tau) biomarkers in blood. In this Review we discuss how new information on the molecular processing of brain p-tau and secretion of specific fragments into biofluids is informing blood biomarker development, enabling the evaluation of preanalytical factors that affect quantification, and informing harmonized protocols for blood handling. We also review the performance of blood p-tau biomarkers in the context of AD and discuss their potential contexts of use for clinical and research purposes. Finally, we highlight outstanding ethical, clinical and analytical challenges, and outline the steps that need to be taken to standardize inter-laboratory and inter-assay measurements.
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhang L, Wang D, Dai Y, Wang X, Cao Y, Liu W, Tao Z. Machine Learning Reveals a Multipredictor Nomogram for Diagnosing the Alzheimer's Disease Based on Chemiluminescence Immunoassay for Total Tau in Plasma. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:863673. [PMID: 35645782 PMCID: PMC9136081 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.863673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Predicting amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) in conversion and Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a daunting task. Standard diagnostic procedures for AD population are reliant on neuroimaging features (positron emission tomography, PET), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers (Aβ1-42, T-tau, P-tau), which are expensive or require invasive sampling. The blood-based biomarkers offer the opportunity to provide an alternative approach for easy diagnosis of AD, which would be a less invasive and cost-effective screening tool than currently approved CSF or amyloid β positron emission tomography (PET) biomarkers. Methods We developed and validated a sensitive and selective immunoassay for total Tau in plasma. Robust signatures were obtained based on several clinical features selected by multiple machine learning algorithms between the three participant groups. Subsequently, a well-fitted nomogram was constructed and validated, integrating clinical factors and total Tau concentration. The predictive performance was evaluated according to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the curve (AUC) statistics. Decision curve analysis and calibration curves are used to evaluate the net benefit of nomograms in clinical decision-making. Results Under optimum conditions, chemiluminescence analysis (CLIA) displays a desirable dynamic range within Tau concentration from 7.80 to 250 pg/mL with readily achieved higher performances (LOD: 5.16 pg/mL). In the discovery cohort, the discrimination between the three well-defined participant groups according to Tau concentration was in consistent agreement with clinical diagnosis (AD vs. non-MCI: AUC = 0.799; aMCI vs. non-MCI: AUC = 0.691; AD vs. aMCI: AUC = 0.670). Multiple machine learning algorithms identified Age, Gender, EMPG, Tau, ALB, HCY, VB12, and/or Glu as robust signatures. A nomogram integrated total Tau concentration and clinical factors provided better predictive performance (AD vs. non-MCI: AUC = 0.960, AD vs. aMCI: AUC = 0.813 in discovery cohort; AD vs. non-MCI: AUC = 0.938, AD vs. aMCI: AUC = 0.754 in validation cohort). Conclusion The developed assay and a satisfactory nomogram model hold promising clinical potential for early diagnosis of aMCI and AD participants.
Collapse
|
44
|
Rost NS, Brodtmann A, Pase MP, van Veluw SJ, Biffi A, Duering M, Hinman JD, Dichgans M. Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment and Dementia. Circ Res 2022; 130:1252-1271. [PMID: 35420911 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.319951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Poststroke cognitive impairment and dementia (PSCID) is a major source of morbidity and mortality after stroke worldwide. PSCID occurs as a consequence of ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, or subarachnoid hemorrhage. Cognitive impairment and dementia manifesting after a clinical stroke is categorized as vascular even in people with comorbid neurodegenerative pathology, which is common in elderly individuals and can contribute to the clinical expression of PSCID. Manifestations of cerebral small vessel disease, such as covert brain infarcts, white matter lesions, microbleeds, and cortical microinfarcts, are also common in patients with stroke and likewise contribute to cognitive outcomes. Although studies of PSCID historically varied in the approach to timing and methods of diagnosis, most of them demonstrate that older age, lower educational status, socioeconomic disparities, premorbid cognitive or functional decline, life-course exposure to vascular risk factors, and a history of prior stroke increase risk of PSCID. Stroke characteristics, in particular stroke severity, lesion volume, lesion location, multiplicity and recurrence, also influence PSCID risk. Understanding the complex interaction between an acute stroke event and preexisting brain pathology remains a priority and will be critical for developing strategies for personalized prediction, prevention, targeted interventions, and rehabilitation. Current challenges in the field relate to a lack of harmonization of definition and classification of PSCID, timing of diagnosis, approaches to neurocognitive assessment, and duration of follow-up after stroke. However, evolving knowledge on pathophysiology, neuroimaging, and biomarkers offers potential for clinical applications and may inform clinical trials. Preventing stroke and PSCID remains a cornerstone of any strategy to achieve optimal brain health. We summarize recent developments in the field and discuss future directions closing with a call for action to systematically include cognitive outcome assessment into any clinical studies of poststroke outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S Rost
- J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (N.S.R., S.J.v.V., A. Biffi), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Amy Brodtmann
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia (A. Brodtmann).,Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (A. Brodtmann. M.P.P.)
| | - Matthew P Pase
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (A. Brodtmann. M.P.P.).,Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (M.P.P.)
| | - Susanne J van Veluw
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown (S.J.v.V.)
| | - Alessandro Biffi
- J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (N.S.R., S.J.v.V., A. Biffi), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Divisions of Memory Disorders and Behavioral Neurology (A. Biffi), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Marco Duering
- J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (N.S.R., S.J.v.V., A. Biffi), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany (M. Duering, M. Dichgans).,Medical Image Analysis Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland (M. Duering)
| | - Jason D Hinman
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (J.D.H.).,Department of Neurology, West Los Angeles VA Medical Center, CA (J.D.H.)
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany (M. Duering, M. Dichgans).,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany (M. Dichgans).,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany (M. Dichgans)
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Yu N, Wang R, Liu B, Zhang L. Bibliometric and Visual Analysis on Metabolomics in Coronary Artery Disease Research. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:804463. [PMID: 35402548 PMCID: PMC8990927 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.804463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolomics has immense research value in coronary artery disease and has drawn increasing attention over the past decades. Many articles have been published in this field, which may challenge researchers aiming to investigate all the available information. However, bibliometrics can provide deep insights into this research field. Objective We aimed to qualitatively and quantitatively study metabolomics and coronary artery disease research, visually analyse the development status, trends, research hotspots, and frontiers of this field, and provide a reference for research on coronary artery disease. Methods Articles were acquired from the Web of Science Core Collection. VOSviewer and CiteSpace software were used to analyse publication growth, country/region, institution, journal distribution, author, reference, and keywords, and detected the keywords with strong citation burstness to identify emerging topics. Results A total of 1121 references were obtained, and the annual number of publications increased over the past 16 years. Metabolomics research has shown a gradual upward trend in coronary artery disease. The United States of America and China ranked at the top in terms of percentage of articles. The institution with the highest number of research publications in this field was Harvard University, followed by the University of California System and Brigham Women's Hospital. The most frequently cited authors included Hazen SL, Tang WH, and Wang ZN. Ala-Korpela M was the most productive author, followed by Clish CB and Adamski J. The journal with the most publications in this field was Scientific Reports, followed by PLoS One and the Journal of Proteome Research. The keywords used at a high frequency were "risk," "biomarkers," "insulin resistance," and "atherosclerosis." Burst detection analysis of top keywords showed that "microbiota," "tryptophan," and "diabetes" are the current research frontiers in this field. Conclusion This study provides useful information for acquiring knowledge on metabolomics and coronary artery diseases. Metabolomics research has shown a gradual upward trend in coronary artery disease studies over the past 16 years. Research on tryptophan metabolism regulated by intestinal flora will become an emerging academic trend in this field, which can offer guidance for more extensive and in-depth studies in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yu
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baocheng Liu
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sarnowski C, Ghanbari M, Bis JC, Logue M, Fornage M, Mishra A, Ahmad S, Beiser AS, Boerwinkle E, Bouteloup V, Chouraki V, Cupples LA, Damotte V, DeCarli CS, DeStefano AL, Djoussé L, Fohner AE, Franz CE, Kautz TF, Lambert JC, Lyons MJ, Mosley TH, Mukamal KJ, Pase MP, Portilla Fernandez EC, Rissman RA, Satizabal CL, Vasan RS, Yaqub A, Debette S, Dufouil C, Launer LJ, Kremen WS, Longstreth WT, Ikram MA, Seshadri S. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies ancestry-specific associations underlying circulating total tau levels. Commun Biol 2022; 5:336. [PMID: 35396452 PMCID: PMC8993877 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03287-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating total-tau levels can be used as an endophenotype to identify genetic risk factors for tauopathies and related neurological disorders. Here, we confirmed and better characterized the association of the 17q21 MAPT locus with circulating total-tau in 14,721 European participants and identified three novel loci in 953 African American participants (4q31, 5p13, and 6q25) at P < 5 × 10-8. We additionally detected 14 novel loci at P < 5 × 10-7, specific to either Europeans or African Americans. Using whole-exome sequence data in 2,279 European participants, we identified ten genes associated with circulating total-tau when aggregating rare variants. Our genetic study sheds light on genes reported to be associated with neurological diseases including stroke, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's (F5, MAP1B, and BCAS3), with Alzheimer's pathological hallmarks (ADAMTS12, IL15, and FHIT), or with an important function in the brain (PARD3, ELFN2, UBASH3B, SLIT3, and NSD3), and suggests that the genetic architecture of circulating total-tau may differ according to ancestry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Sarnowski
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mark Logue
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biomedical Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aniket Mishra
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, team VINTAGE, UMR 1219, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Shahzad Ahmad
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alexa S Beiser
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University and the NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vincent Bouteloup
- Centre Inserm U1219 Bordeaux Population Health, CIC1401-EC, Institut de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie et de Développement, Université de Bordeaux, CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle Santé Publique, Bordeaux, France
| | - Vincent Chouraki
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE- LabEx DISTALZ - Risk factors and molecular determinants of aging diseases, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University and the NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vincent Damotte
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE- LabEx DISTALZ - Risk factors and molecular determinants of aging diseases, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Charles S DeCarli
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Anita L DeStefano
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luc Djoussé
- Department of Medicine, Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alison E Fohner
- Institute of Public Health Genetics and Department of Epidemiology and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carol E Franz
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany F Kautz
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jean-Charles Lambert
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE- LabEx DISTALZ - Risk factors and molecular determinants of aging diseases, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Michael J Lyons
- Department of Psychology and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Kenneth J Mukamal
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew P Pase
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Robert A Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Claudia L Satizabal
- Boston University and the NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Boston University and the NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, Boston, MA, USA
- Preventive Medicine & Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amber Yaqub
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Debette
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, team VINTAGE, UMR 1219, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bordeaux, France
| | - Carole Dufouil
- Bordeaux University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - William S Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - William T Longstreth
- Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Boston University and the NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Goyzueta-Mamani LD, Chávez-Fumagalli MA, Alvarez-Fernandez K, Aguilar-Pineda JA, Nieto-Montesinos R, Davila Del-Carpio G, Vera-Lopez KJ, Lino Cardenas CL. Alzheimer's Disease: A Silent Pandemic - A Systematic Review on the Situation and Patent Landscape of the Diagnosis. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2022; 16:355-378. [PMID: 35400333 DOI: 10.2174/1872208316666220408114129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive impairment, tau protein deposits, and amyloid beta plaques. AD impacted 44 million people in 2016, and it is estimated to affect 100 million people by 2050. AD is disregarded as a pandemic compared with other diseases. To date, there is no effective treatment or diagnosis. OBJECTIVE We aimed to discuss the current tools used to diagnose COVID-19, to point out their potential to be adapted for AD diagnosis, and to review the landscape of existing patents in the AD field and future perspectives for AD diagnosis. METHOD We carried out a scientific screening following a research strategy in PubMed; Web of Science; the Derwent Innovation Index; the KCI-Korean Journal Database; SciELO; the Russian Science Citation index; and the CDerwent, EDerwent, and MDerwent index databases. RESULTS A total of 326 from 6,446 articles about AD and 376 from 4,595 articles about COVID-19 were analyzed. Of these, AD patents were focused on biomarkers and neuroimaging with no accurate, validated diagnostic methods, and only 7% of kit development patents were found. In comparison, COVID-19 patents were 60% about kit development for diagnosis; they are highly accurate and are now commercialized. CONCLUSION AD is still neglected and not recognized as a pandemic that affects the people and economies of all nations. There is a gap in the development of AD diagnostic tools that could be filled if the interest and effort that has been invested to tackle the COVID-19 emergency could also be applied for innovation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Daniel Goyzueta-Mamani
- Laboratory of Genomics and Neurovascular Diseases, Vicerrectorado de investigacion, Universidad Catolica de Santa Maria, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Miguel Angel Chávez-Fumagalli
- Laboratory of Genomics and Neurovascular Diseases, Vicerrectorado de investigacion, Universidad Catolica de Santa Maria, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Karla Alvarez-Fernandez
- Laboratory of Genomics and Neurovascular Diseases, Vicerrectorado de investigacion, Universidad Catolica de Santa Maria, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Jorge A Aguilar-Pineda
- Laboratory of Genomics and Neurovascular Diseases, Vicerrectorado de investigacion, Universidad Catolica de Santa Maria, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Rita Nieto-Montesinos
- Laboratory of Genomics and Neurovascular Diseases, Vicerrectorado de investigacion, Universidad Catolica de Santa Maria, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Gonzalo Davila Del-Carpio
- Laboratory of Genomics and Neurovascular Diseases, Vicerrectorado de investigacion, Universidad Catolica de Santa Maria, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Karin J Vera-Lopez
- Laboratory of Genomics and Neurovascular Diseases, Vicerrectorado de investigacion, Universidad Catolica de Santa Maria, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Christian L Lino Cardenas
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Current trends in blood biomarker detection and imaging for Alzheimer’s disease. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 210:114278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
49
|
Lippa SM, Gill J, Brickell TA, Guedes VA, French LM, Lange RT. Blood Biomarkers Predict Future Cognitive Decline after Military-Related Traumatic Brain Injury. Curr Alzheimer Res 2022; 19:351-363. [PMID: 35362372 DOI: 10.2174/1567205019666220330144432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been associated with increased likelihood of late-life dementia; however, the mechanisms driving this relationship are elusive. Blood-based biomarkers may provide insight into these mechanisms and serve as useful prognostic indicators of cognitive recovery or decline following a TBI. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine blood biomarkers within one year of TBI and explore their relationship with cognitive decline. METHODS Service members and veterans (n=224) without injury (n=77), or with history of bodily injury (n=37), uncomplicated mild TBI (n=55), or more severe TBI (n=55), underwent a blood draw and neuropsychological assessment within one year of their injury as part of a case-control study. A subsample (n=87) completed follow-up cognitive assessment. RESULTS In the more severe TBI group, baseline glial fibrillary acidic protein (p=.008) and ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (p=.026) were associated with processing speed at baseline, and baseline ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 predicted change in immediate (R2Δ=.244, p=.005) and delayed memory (R2Δ=.390, p=.003) over time. In the mild TBI group, higher baseline tau predicted greater negative change in perceptual reasoning (R2Δ=.188, p=.033) and executive functioning (R2Δ=.298, p=.007); higher baseline neurofilament light predicted greater negative change in perceptual reasoning (R2Δ=.211, p=.012). CONCLUSION Baseline ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 strongly predicted memory decline in the more severe TBI group, while tau and neurofilament light strongly predicted decline in the mild TBI group. A panel including these biomarkers could be particularly helpful in identifying those at risk for future cognitive decline following TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Lippa
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jessica Gill
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tracey A Brickell
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Contractor, General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, VA, USA
- Centre of Excellence on Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Vivian A Guedes
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Louis M French
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rael T Lange
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Contractor, General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, VA, USA
- Centre of Excellence on Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Li TR, Yang Q, Hu X, Han Y. Biomarkers and Tools for Predicting Alzheimer's Disease in the Preclinical Stage. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:713-737. [PMID: 34030620 PMCID: PMC9878962 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210524153901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the only leading cause of death for which no disease-modifying therapy is currently available. Over the past decade, a string of disappointing clinical trial results has forced us to shift our focus to the preclinical stage of AD, which represents the most promising therapeutic window. However, the accurate diagnosis of preclinical AD requires the presence of brain β- amyloid deposition determined by cerebrospinal fluid or amyloid-positron emission tomography, significantly limiting routine screening and diagnosis in non-tertiary hospital settings. Thus, an easily accessible marker or tool with high sensitivity and specificity is highly needed. Recently, it has been discovered that individuals in the late stage of preclinical AD may not be truly "asymptomatic" in that they may have already developed subtle or subjective cognitive decline. In addition, advances in bloodderived biomarker studies have also allowed the detection of pathologic changes in preclinical AD. Exosomes, as cell-to-cell communication messengers, can reflect the functional changes of their source cell. Methodological advances have made it possible to extract brain-derived exosomes from peripheral blood, making exosomes an emerging biomarker carrier and liquid biopsy tool for preclinical AD. The eye and its associated structures have rich sensory-motor innervation. In this regard, studies have indicated that they may also provide reliable markers. Here, our report covers the current state of knowledge of neuropsychological and eye tests as screening tools for preclinical AD and assesses the value of blood and brain-derived exosomes as carriers of biomarkers in conjunction with the current diagnostic paradigm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Ran Li
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xiaochen Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, 50924, Germany
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China;,Center of Alzheimer’s Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100053, China;,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, 100053, China;,School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China;,Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China; Tel: +86 13621011941; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|