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Tansathitaya V, Sarasin W, Phakham T, Sawaswong V, Chanchaem P, Payungporn S. Regulation of mi-RNAs Target Cancer Genes Between Exercise and Non-exercise in Rat Rheumatoid Arthritis Induction: Pilot Study. Epigenet Insights 2022; 15:25168657221110485. [PMID: 35800470 PMCID: PMC9253985 DOI: 10.1177/25168657221110485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with various cancers. Many studies have
investigated physical exercise interventions as health improvements to
ameliorate the risk of cancer during rheumatoid arthritis diagnosis.
Recently, microRNAs were used as biomarkers for health assessment and cancer
prediction in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Methods: The effects of exercise interventions on serum microRNAs were investigated in
pristane-induced arthritis (PIA) rat models. Twelve Sprague-Dawley male rats
were divided into 4 groups including non-exercise without PIA (N-EX),
non-exercise with PIA (N-EX + PIA), exercise without PIA (EX) and exercise
with PIA (EX + PIA). Blood samples were collected at the end of the study
period to analyze miRNA biomarkers and target cancer gene predictions. Results: Four significant Rattus norvegicus (rno-microRNAs) may purpose as tumor
suppressors were identified as potential target cancer gene candidate
expressions within the 4 comparative interventional exercise groups. One
rno-microRNA and target cancer gene candidate was up-regulated and 3
rno-microRNAs and their target cancer genes were down-regulated. Conclusions: Exercise interventions affected rno-miRNAs regulated target cancer gene
candidates ITPR3, SOCS6, ITGA6, and NKX2-1 as biomarkers for cancer
prognosis in rheumatoid arthritis diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimolmas Tansathitaya
- College of Sports Science and Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Witchana Sarasin
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanapati Phakham
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vorthon Sawaswong
- Research Unit of Systems Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prangwalai Chanchaem
- Research Unit of Systems Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunchai Payungporn
- Research Unit of Systems Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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2
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Xu S, Zhang T, Cao Z, Zhong W, Zhang C, Li H, Song J. Integrin-α9β1 as a Novel Therapeutic Target for Refractory Diseases: Recent Progress and Insights. Front Immunol 2021; 12:638400. [PMID: 33790909 PMCID: PMC8005531 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.638400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins refer to heterodimers consisting of subunits α and β. They serve as receptors on cell membranes and interact with extracellular ligands to mediate intracellular molecular signals. One of the least-studied members of the integrin family is integrin-α9β1, which is widely distributed in various human tissues and organs. Integrin-α9β1 regulates the physiological state of cells through a variety of complex signaling pathways to participate in the specific pathological processes of some intractable diseases. In recent years, an increasing amount of research has focused on the role of α9β1 in the molecular mechanisms of different refractory diseases and its promising potential as a therapeutic target. Accordingly, this review introduces and summarizes recent research related to integrin-α9β1, describes the synergistic functions of α9β1 and its corresponding ligands in cancer, autoimmune diseases, nerve injury and thrombosis and, more importantly, highlights the potential of α9β1 as a distinctive target for the treatment of these intractable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihan Xu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingwei Zhang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengguo Cao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjie Zhong
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuangwei Zhang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Han Li
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinlin Song
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
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3
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Beaulieu JF. Integrin α6β4 in Colorectal Cancer: Expression, Regulation, Functional Alterations and Use as a Biomarker. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010041. [PMID: 31877793 PMCID: PMC7016599 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin α6β4 is one of the main laminin receptors and is primarily expressed by epithelial cells as an active component of hemidesmosomes. In this article, after a brief summary about integrins in the gut epithelium in general, I review the knowledge and clinical potential of this receptor in human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Most CRC cells overexpress both α6 and β4 subunits, in situ in primary tumours as well as in established CRC cell lines. The mechanisms that lead to overexpression have not yet been elucidated but clearly involve specific transcription factors such as MYC. From a functional point of view, one key element affecting CRC cell behaviour is the relocalization of α6β4 to the actin cytoskeleton, favouring a more migratory and anoikis-resistant phenotype. Another major element is its expression under various molecular forms that have the distinct ability to interact with ligands (α6β4 ± ctd) or to promote pro- or anti-proliferative properties (α6Aβ4 vs. α6Bβ4). The integrin α6β4 is thus involved in most steps susceptible to participation with CRC progression. The potential clinical significance of this integrin has begun to be investigated and recent studies have shown that ITGA6 and ITGB4 can be useful biomarkers for CRC early detection in a non-invasive assay and as a prognostic factor, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Beaulieu
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; ; Tel.: +1-819-821-8000 (ext. 75269)
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
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4
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Targeting integrins for cancer management using nanotherapeutic approaches: Recent advances and challenges. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 69:325-336. [PMID: 31454671 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are the main cell surface receptors and execute multifaceted functions such as the bidirectional transmission of signals (i.e., inside-out and outside-in) and provide communication between cells and their microenvironments. Integrins are the key regulators of critical biological functions and contribute significantly to the promotion of cancer at almost every stage of disease progression from initial tumor formation to metastasis. Integrin expressions are frequently altered in different cancers, and consequently, several therapeutic strategies targeting integrins have been developed. Furthermore, nanotechnology-based approaches have been devised to overcome the intrinsic limitations of conventional therapies for cancer management, and have been shown to more precise, safer, and highly effective therapeutic tools. Although nanotechnology-based approaches have achieved substantial success for the management of cancer, certain obstacles remain such as inadequate knowledge of nano-bio interactions and the challenges associated with the three stages of clinical trials. This review highlights the different roles of integrins and of integrin-dependent signaling in various cancers and describes the applications of nanotherapeutics targeting integrins. In addition, we discuss RGD-based approaches and challenges posed to cancer management.
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5
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Sénicourt B, Boudjadi S, Carrier JC, Beaulieu JF. Neoexpression of a functional primary cilium in colorectal cancer cells. Heliyon 2016; 2:e00109. [PMID: 27441280 PMCID: PMC4946219 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2016.e00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway is involved in the maintenance of numerous cell types both during development and in the adult. Often deregulated in cancers, its involvement in colorectal cancer has come into view during the last few years, although its role remains poorly defined. In most tissues, the HH pathway is highly connected to the primary cilium (PC), an organelle that recruits functional components and regulates the HH pathway. However, normal epithelial cells of the colon display an inactive HH pathway and lack a PC. In this study, we report the presence of the PC in adenocarcinoma cells of primary colorectal tumors at all stages. Using human colorectal cancer cell lines we found a clear correlation between the presence of the PC and the expression of the final HH effector, GLI1, and provide evidence of a functional link between the two by demonstrating the recruitment of the SMO receptor to the membrane of the primary cilium. We conclude that the primary cilium directly participates in the HH pathway in colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanche Sénicourt
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Salah Boudjadi
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Julie C Carrier
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jean-François Beaulieu
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
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6
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Nossol C, Barta-Böszörményi A, Kahlert S, Zuschratter W, Faber-Zuschratter H, Reinhardt N, Ponsuksili S, Wimmers K, Diesing AK, Rothkötter HJ. Comparing Two Intestinal Porcine Epithelial Cell Lines (IPECs): Morphological Differentiation, Function and Metabolism. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132323. [PMID: 26147118 PMCID: PMC4493080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The pig shows genetical and physiological resemblance to human, which predestines it as an experimental animal model especially for mucosal physiology. Therefore, the intestinal epithelial cell lines 1 and J2 (IPEC-1, IPEC-J2) - spontaneously immortalised cell lines from the porcine intestine - are important tools for studying intestinal function. A microarray (GeneChip Porcine Genome Array) was performed to compare the genome wide gene expression of IPECs. Different significantly up-regulated pathways were identified, like “lysosome”, “pathways in cancer”, “regulation of actin cytoskeleton” and “oxidative phosphorylation” in IPEC-J2 in comparison to IPEC-1. On the other hand, “spliceosome”, “ribosome”, “RNA-degradation” and “tight junction” are significantly down-regulated pathways in IPEC-J2 in comparison to IPEC-1. Examined pathways were followed up by functional analyses. ATP-, oxygen, glucose and lactate-measurement provide evidence for up-regulation of oxidative phosphorylation in IPEC-J2. These cells seem to be more active in their metabolism than IPEC-1 cells due to a significant higher ATP-content as well as a higher O2- and glucose-consumption. The down-regulated pathway “ribosome” was followed up by measurement of RNA- and protein content. In summary, IPEC-J2 is a morphologically and functionally more differentiated cell line in comparison to IPEC-1. In addition, IPEC-J2 cells are a preferential tool for in vitro studies with the focus on metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Nossol
- Institute of Anatomy, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Stefan Kahlert
- Institute of Anatomy, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Nicole Reinhardt
- Institute of Anatomy, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Siriluk Ponsuksili
- Leibniz Institute of Farm Animal Biology (FBN) Dummerstorf, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Leibniz Institute of Farm Animal Biology (FBN) Dummerstorf, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Anne-Kathrin Diesing
- Institute of Anatomy, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
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7
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Boudjadi S, Carrier JC, Groulx JF, Beaulieu JF. Integrin α1β1 expression is controlled by c-MYC in colorectal cancer cells. Oncogene 2015; 35:1671-8. [PMID: 26096932 PMCID: PMC4820680 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The α1β1 collagen receptor is only present in a few epithelial cell types. In the intestine, it is specifically expressed in proliferating crypt cells. This integrin has been reported to be involved in various cancers where it mediates the downstream activation of the Ras/ERK proliferative pathway. We have recently shown that integrin α1β1 is present in two-thirds of colon adenocarcinomas, but the mechanism by which ITGA1 expression is regulated is not known. DNA methylation, involved in ITGA1 repression during megakaryocyte differentiation, is not the mechanism of ITGA1 regulation in colorectal cancer cells. Our in silico analysis of the ITGA1 promoter revealed two response elements for MYC, an oncogenic factor known to regulate cancer cell proliferation, invasion and migration. In situ, the expressions of both MYC and ITGA1 are localized in the lower crypt of the normal colon and correlate in 72% of the 65 analyzed colorectal cancers. MYC pharmacological inhibition or downregulation of expression with short hairpin RNA in HT29, T84 and SW480 cells resulted in reduced ITGA1 expression at both the transcript and protein levels. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that MYC was bound to the chromatin region of the ITGA1 proximal promoter, whereas MYC overexpression enhanced ITGA1 promoter activity that was reduced with MAD co-transfection or by the disruption of the response elements. We concluded that MYC is a key regulating factor for the control of ITGA1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Boudjadi
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - J C Carrier
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - J-F Groulx
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - J-F Beaulieu
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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8
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Guezguez A, Paré F, Benoit YD, Basora N, Beaulieu JF. Modulation of stemness in a human normal intestinal epithelial crypt cell line by activation of the WNT signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res 2014; 322:355-64. [PMID: 24534551 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The small intestine consists of two histological compartments composed of the crypts and the villi. The function of the adult small intestinal epithelium is mediated by four different types of mature cells: enterocytes, goblet, enteroendocrine and Paneth. Undifferentiated cells reside in the crypts and produce these four types of mature cells. The niche-related Wnt and Bmp signaling pathways have been suggested to be involved in the regulation and maintenance of the stem cell microenvironment. In our laboratory, we isolated the first normal human intestinal epithelial crypt (HIEC) cell model from the human fetal intestine and in this study we investigated the expression of a panel of intestinal stem cell markers in HIEC cells under normal culture parameters as well as under conditions that mimic the stem cell microenvironment. The results showed that short term stimulation of HIEC cells with R-spondin 1 and Wnt-3a±SB-216763, a glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) inhibitor, induced β-catenin/TCF activity and expression of the WNT target genes, cyclin D2 and LGR5. Treatment of HIEC cells with noggin, an antagonist of BMP signaling, abolished SMAD2/5/8 phosphorylation. Inducing a switch from inactive WNT/active BMP toward active WNT/inactive BMP pathways was sufficient to trigger a robust intestinal primordial stem-like cell signature with predominant LGR5, PHLDA1, PROM1, SMOC2 and OLFM4 expression. These findings demonstrate that even fully established cultures of intestinal cells can be prompted toward a CBC stem cell-like phenotype. This model should be useful for studying the regulation of human intestinal stem cell self-renewal and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Guezguez
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4.
| | - Fréderic Paré
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4.
| | - Yannick D Benoit
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4.
| | - Nuria Basora
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4.
| | - Jean-François Beaulieu
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4.
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9
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Integrin α1 subunit is up-regulated in colorectal cancer. Biomark Res 2013; 1:16. [PMID: 24252313 PMCID: PMC4177608 DOI: 10.1186/2050-7771-1-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer remains one of the leading causes of death from cancer in industrialized countries. Integrins are a family of heterodimeric glycoproteins involved in bidirectional cell signaling and participate in the regulation of cell shape, adhesion, migration, differentiation, gene transcription, survival and proliferation. The α1 subunit is known to be involved in RAS/ERK proliferative pathway activation and plays an important role in mammary carcinoma cell proliferation and migration. In the small intestine, α1 is present in the crypt proliferative compartment and absent in the villus, but nothing is known about its expression in the colon mucosa, or in colorectal cancer. Results In the present study, we demonstrated that in the colon mucosa, α1 is present in the basolateral domain of the proliferative cells of the crypt, and in the surrounding myofibroblasts. We found higher levels of α1 mRNA in 86% of tumours compared to their corresponding matched margin tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that α1 staining was moderate to high in 65% of tumour cells and 97% of the reactive cells surrounding the tumour cells vs 23% of normal epithelial cells. Conclusion Our findings suggest an active role for the α1β1 integrin in colorectal cancer progression.
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10
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RGD-Dependent Epithelial Cell-Matrix Interactions in the Human Intestinal Crypt. JOURNAL OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 2012; 2012:248759. [PMID: 22988499 PMCID: PMC3440950 DOI: 10.1155/2012/248759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and integrin receptors trigger structural and functional bonds between the cell microenvironment and the cytoskeleton. Such connections are essential for adhesion structure integrity and are key players in regulating transduction of specific intracellular signals, which in turn regulate the organization of the cell microenvironment and, consequently, cell function. The RGD peptide-dependent integrins represent a key subgroup of ECM receptors involved in the maintenance of epithelial homeostasis. Here we review recent findings on RGD-dependent ECM-integrin interactions and their roles in human intestinal epithelial crypt cells.
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11
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Mostovich LA, Prudnikova TY, Kondratov AG, Loginova D, Vavilov PV, Rykova VI, Sidorov SV, Pavlova TV, Kashuba VI, Zabarovsky ER, Grigorieva EV. Integrin alpha9 (ITGA9) expression and epigenetic silencing in human breast tumors. Cell Adh Migr 2012; 5:395-401. [PMID: 21975548 DOI: 10.4161/cam.5.5.17949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin alpha9 (ITGA9) is one of the less studied integrin subunits that facilitates accelerated cell migration and regulates diverse biological functions such as angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, cancer cell proliferation and migration. In this work, integrin alpha9 expression and its epigenetic regulation in normal human breast tissue, primary breast tumors and breast cancer cell line MCF7 were studied. It was shown that integrin alpha9 is expressed in normal human breast tissue. In breast cancer, ITGA9 expression was downregulated or lost in 44% of tumors while another 45% of tumors showed normal or increased ITGA9 expression level (possible aberrations in the ITGA9 mRNA structure were supposed in 11% of tumors). Methylation of ITGA9 CpG-island located in the first intron of the gene was shown in 90% of the breast tumors with the decreased ITGA9 expression while no methylation at 5'-untranslated region of ITGA9 was observed. 5-aza-dC treatment restored integrin alpha9 expression in ITGA9-negative MCF7 breast carcinoma cells, Trichostatin A treatment did not influenced it but a combined treatment of the cells with 5-aza-dC/Trichostatin A doubled the ITGA9 activation. The obtained results suggest CpG methylation as a major mechanism of integrin alpha9 inactivation in breast cancer with a possible involvement of other yet unidentified molecular pathways.
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12
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Agle KA, Vongsa RA, Dwinell MB. Chemokine stimulation promotes enterocyte migration through laminin-specific integrins. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2011; 301:G968-80. [PMID: 21921288 PMCID: PMC3233784 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00208.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal homeostasis is regulated in part by the single cell layer of the mucosal epithelium. This physical barrier is a prominent part of the innate immune system and possesses an intrinsic ability to heal damage and limit infection. The restitutive epithelial migration phase of healing requires dynamic integrin adhesion to the extracellular matrix. Previously, we have shown that the homeostatic chemokine CXCL12 utilizes intracellular calcium to increase enterocyte migration on laminin. The aim of these studies was to investigate integrin specificity and, in turn, functional responses elicited by CXCL12 stimulation. Analysis of cellular adhesion and spreading revealed CXCL12 preferentially activated laminin-specific integrins compared with collagen IV-binding integrins. Laminin-specific cell adhesion and spreading elicited by CXCL12 was dependent on intracellular calcium. CXCL12 increased activated β1-integrins on the surface of epithelial cells compared with untreated cells. RT-PCR confirmed expression of the laminin-binding integrins-α3β1, -α6β1, and -α6β4. Interestingly, shRNA-mediated depletion of laminin-specific α3- or α6-integrin subunits revealed differential functions. α3-Integrin knockdown reduced basal as well as inducible restitution. Depletion of α6-integrin specifically abolished CXCL12-stimulated, but not TGF-β1 or basal, migration. Depletion with either shα3-integrin or shα6-integrin prevented CXCL12-evoked cell spreading. Our data indicate that CXCL12 stimulates the inside-out activation of laminin-specific integrins to promote cell migratory functions. Together, our findings support the notion that extracellular mediators within the gastrointestinal mucosa coordinate cell-matrix interactions during epithelial restitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberle A. Agle
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Rebecca A. Vongsa
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Michael B. Dwinell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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13
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Roy S, Bingle L, Marshall JF, Bass R, Ellis V, Speight PM, Whawell SA. The role of α9β1 integrin in modulating epithelial cell behaviour. J Oral Pathol Med 2011; 40:755-61. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2011.01050.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Beaulieu JF. Integrin α6β4 in colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2010; 1:3-11. [PMID: 21607137 PMCID: PMC3097941 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v1.i1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of cells to interact with extracellular matrix macromolecules is at the forefront of the regulation of cell phenotype and organization. Indeed most if not all cells bear specific cell surface receptors for these molecules, namely the integrins, which are specific for the ligation of various macromolecules such as the laminins, fibronectins and tenascins. It is now well established that integrins can regulate a variety of biological activities, most notably cell cycle and tissue-specific gene expression. In the intestine, several observations suggest functional roles for cell-matrix interactions in the regulation of epithelial cell functions. This article focuses on integrin α6β4 as a paradigm to illustrate the importance as well as the complexity of integrins in the mediation of cell-matrix interactions. Indeed, α6β4 has been well-characterized for its involvement as a link between the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix molecules as well as in the activation of a variety of intracellular signalization processes in cooperation with growth factor receptors. Furthermore, recent studies show that distinct forms of α6 and β4 subunits are expressed in the human intestine and, more importantly, recent work provides experimental evidence that various forms of α6β4 can differentially regulate intestinal epithelial cell functions under both normal and pathological conditions. For instance, it has been discovered that colorectal cancer cells express a hybrid form of α6β4 that is never seen in normal cells. Although further work is needed, integrin α6β4 is emerging as a key regulator of intestinal functions in both intestinal health and disease.
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15
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Teller IC, Auclair J, Herring E, Gauthier R, Ménard D, Beaulieu JF. Laminins in the developing and adult human small intestine: relation with the functional absorptive unit. Dev Dyn 2007; 236:1980-90. [PMID: 17503455 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of the five laminin alpha-chains was analyzed in the developing and mature human small intestine at the protein and transcript levels in order to further delineate specific involvement of individual laminins in relation to the epithelial cell state as defined along the functional crypt-villus axis. The results show that all of the alpha-laminin transcripts are expressed in significant amounts in the small intestine relative to a panel of other tissues and organs. Further analysis of their expression by indirect immunofluorescence and semi-quantitative and quantitative RT-PCR demonstrates a close correlation between transcript and protein expression, distinct epithelial and mesenchymal origins, as well as differential occurrence in intestinal basement membranes according to developmental stage, along the crypt-villus axis and in compartment-related experimental intestinal cell models. Taken together, the data point out the prime importance of alpha2-, alpha3-, and alpha5-containing laminins for the development and maintenance of the functional human intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga C Teller
- CIHR Team on Digestive Epithelium, Département d'anatomie et de biologie cellulaire, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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16
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Timoshenko AV, Rastogi S, Lala PK. Migration-promoting role of VEGF-C and VEGF-C binding receptors in human breast cancer cells. Br J Cancer 2007; 97:1090-8. [PMID: 17912247 PMCID: PMC2360449 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) is a lymphangiogenic factor over-expressed in highly metastatic, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expressing breast cancer cells. We tested the hypothesis that tumour-derived VEGF-C may play an autocrine role in metastasis by promoting cellular motility through one or more VEGF-C-binding receptors VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3, neuropilin (NRP)-1, NRP-2, and integrin alpha9beta1. We investigated the expression of these receptors in several breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, Hs578T, SK-BR-3, T-47D, and MCF7) and their possible requirement in migration of two VEGF-C-secreting, highly metastatic lines MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T. While cell lines varied significantly in their expression of above VEGF-C receptors, migratory activity of MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T cells was linked to one or more of these receptors. Depletion of endogenous VEGF-C by treatments with a neutralising antibody, VEGF-C siRNA or inhibitors of Src, EGFR/Her2/neu and p38 MAP kinases which inhibited VEGF-C production, inhibited cellular migration, indicating the requirement of VEGF-C for migratory function. Migration was differentially attenuated by blocking or downregulation of different VEGF-C receptors, for example treatment with a VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, NRP-1 and NRP-2 siRNA or alpha9beta1 integrin antibody, indicating the participation of one or more of the receptors in cell motility. This novel role of tumour-derived VEGF-C indicates that breast cancer metastasis can be promoted by coordinated stimulation of lymphangiogenesis and enhanced migratory activity of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Timoshenko
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A5C1, Canada
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A5B7, Canada
| | - S Rastogi
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A5C1, Canada
| | - P K Lala
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A5C1, Canada
- E-mail:
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17
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Tremblay E, Auclair J, Delvin E, Levy E, Ménard D, Pshezhetsky AV, Rivard N, Seidman EG, Sinnett D, Vachon PH, Beaulieu JF. Gene expression profiles of normal proliferating and differentiating human intestinal epithelial cells: a comparison with the Caco-2 cell model. J Cell Biochem 2006; 99:1175-86. [PMID: 16795037 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
cDNA microarray technology enables detailed analysis of gene expression throughout complex processes such as differentiation. The aim of this study was to analyze the gene expression profile of normal human intestinal epithelial cells using cell models that recapitulate the crypt-villus axis of intestinal differentiation in comparison with the widely used Caco-2 cell model. cDNA microarrays (19,200 human genes) and a clustering algorithm were used to identify patterns of gene expression in the crypt-like proliferative HIEC and tsFHI cells, and villus epithelial cells as well as Caco-2/15 cells at two distinct stages of differentiation. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis of global gene expression among the cell lines identified two branches: one for the HIEC cells versus a second comprised of two sub-groups: (a) the proliferative Caco-2 cells and (b) the differentiated Caco-2 cells and closely related villus epithelial cells. At the gene level, supervised hierarchical clustering with 272 differentially expressed genes revealed distinct expression patterns specific to each cell phenotype. We identified several upregulated genes that could lead to the identification of new regulatory pathways involved in cell differentiation and carcinogenesis. The combined use of microarray analysis and human intestinal cell models thus provides a powerful tool for establishing detailed gene expression profiles of proliferative to terminally differentiated intestinal cells. Furthermore, the molecular differences between the normal human intestinal cell models and Caco-2 cells clearly point out the strengths and limitations of this widely used experimental model for studying intestinal cell proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tremblay
- CIHR Group on Functional Development and Physiopathology of the Digestive Tract, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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18
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Dydensborg AB, Herring E, Auclair J, Tremblay E, Beaulieu JF. Normalizing genes for quantitative RT-PCR in differentiating human intestinal epithelial cells and adenocarcinomas of the colon. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2006; 290:G1067-74. [PMID: 16399877 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00234.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
As for other mRNA measurement methods, quantitative RT-PCR results need to be normalized relative to stably expressed genes. Widely used normalizing genes include beta-actin and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. It has, however, become clear that these and other normalizing genes can display modulated patterns of expression across tissue types and during complex cellular processes such as cell differentiation and cancer progression. Our objective was to set the basis for identifying normalizing genes that displayed stable expression during enterocytic differentiation and between healthy tissue and adenocarcinomas of the human colon. We thus identified novel potential normalizing genes using previously generated cDNA microarray data and examined the alterations of expression of two of these genes as well as seven commonly used normalizing genes during the enterocytic differentiation process and between matched pairs of resection margins and primary carcinomas of the human colon using real-time RT-PCR. We found that ribosomal phosphoprotein P0 was particularly stable in all intestinal epithelial cell extracts, thereby representing a particularly robust housekeeping reference gene for the assessment of gene expression during the human enterocytic differentiation process. On the other hand, beta-2-microglobulin generated the best score as a normalizing gene for comparing human colon primary carcinomas with their corresponding normal mucosa of the resection margin, although others were found to represent acceptable alternatives. In conclusion, we identified and characterized specific normalizing genes that should significantly improve quantitative mRNA studies related to both the differentiation process of the human intestinal epithelium and adenocarcinomas of the human colon. This approach should also be useful to validate normalizing genes in other intestinal contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Bondo Dydensborg
- Canadian Institutes of Health-Research Group in Functional Development and Physiopathology of the Digestive Tract, and Département d'Anatomie et de Biologie Cellulaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4
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19
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Graham KL, Fleming FE, Halasz P, Hewish MJ, Nagesha HS, Holmes IH, Takada Y, Coulson BS. Rotaviruses interact with alpha4beta7 and alpha4beta1 integrins by binding the same integrin domains as natural ligands. J Gen Virol 2005; 86:3397-3408. [PMID: 16298987 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.81102-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Group A rotaviruses are major intestinal pathogens that express potential alpha4beta1 and alpha4beta7 integrin ligand sequences Leu-Asp-Val and Leu-Asp-Ile in their outer capsid protein VP7, and Ile-Asp-Ala in their spike protein VP4. Monkey rotavirus SA11 can use recombinant alpha4beta1 as a cellular receptor. In this study a new potential alpha4beta1, alpha4beta7 and alpha9beta1 integrin ligand sequence, Tyr-Gly-Leu, was identified in VP4. It was shown that several human and monkey rotaviruses bound alpha4beta1 and alpha4beta7, but not alpha9beta1. Binding to alpha4beta1 mediated the infectivity and growth of monkey rotaviruses, and binding to alpha4beta7 mediated their infectivity. A porcine rotavirus interacted with alpha4 integrins at a post-binding stage to facilitate infection. Activation of alpha4beta1 increased rotavirus infectivity. Cellular treatment with peptides containing the alpha4 integrin ligand sequences Tyr-Gly-Leu and Ile-Asp-Ala eliminated virus binding to alpha4 integrins and infectivity. In contrast, rotavirus recognition of alpha4 integrins was unaffected by a peptide containing the sequence Leu-Asp-Val or by a mutation in the VP7 Leu-Asp-Val sequence. VP4 involvement in rotavirus recognition of alpha4beta1 was demonstrated with rotavirus reassortants. Swapping and point mutagenesis of alpha4 surface loops showed that rotaviruses required the same alpha4 residues and domains for binding as the natural alpha4 integrin ligands: mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1, fibronectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Several rotaviruses are able to use alpha4beta7 and alpha4beta1 for cell binding or entry, through the recognition of the same alpha4-subunit domains as natural alpha4 ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L Graham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Fiona E Fleming
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Peter Halasz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Marilyn J Hewish
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Hadya S Nagesha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ian H Holmes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Yoshikazu Takada
- The University of California, Davis, UC Davis Medical Center, Research III, Suite 3300, 4645 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Barbara S Coulson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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20
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Thodeti CK, Fröhlich C, Nielsen CK, Holck P, Sundberg C, Kveiborg M, Mahalingam Y, Albrechtsen R, Couchman JR, Wewer UM. Hierarchy of ADAM12 binding to integrins in tumor cells. Exp Cell Res 2005; 309:438-50. [PMID: 16061220 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2005] [Revised: 06/29/2005] [Accepted: 06/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
ADAMs (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) comprise a family of cell surface proteins with protease and cell-binding activities. Using different forms and fragments of ADAM12 as substrates in cell adhesion and spreading assays, we demonstrated that alpha9beta1 integrin is the main receptor for ADAM12. However, when alpha9beta1 integrin is not expressed--as in many carcinoma cells--other members of the beta1 integrin family can replace its ligand binding activity. In attachment assays, the recombinant disintegrin domain of ADAM12 only supported alpha9 integrin-dependent tumor cell attachment, whereas full-length ADAM12 supported attachment via alpha9 integrin and other integrin receptors. Cells that attached to full-length ADAM12 in an alpha9 integrin-dependent manner also attached to ADAM12 in which the putative alpha9beta1 integrin-binding motif in the disintegrin domain had been mutated. This attachment was mediated through use of an alternate beta1 integrin. We also found that cell spreading in response to ADAM12 is dependent on the apparent level of integrin activation. Binding of cells to ADAM12 via the alpha9beta1 integrin was Mn(2+)-independent and resulted in attachment of cells with a rounded morphology; attachment of cells with a spread morphology required further activation of the alpha9beta1 integrin. We demonstrated that phosphoinositide-3-kinase appears to be central in regulating alpha9beta1 integrin cell spreading activity in response to ADAM12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Kumar Thodeti
- Institute of Molecular Pathology, University of Copenhagen, Frederik V's vej 11, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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21
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Lussier C, Sodek J, Beaulieu JF. Expression of SPARC/osteonectin/BM4O in the human gut: Predominance in the stroma of the remodeling distal intestine. J Cell Biochem 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1097-4644(20010601)81:3<463::aid-jcb1060>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Lussier C, Basora N, Bouatrouss Y, Beaulieu JF. Integrins as mediators of epithelial cell-matrix interactions in the human small intestinal mucosa. Microsc Res Tech 2000; 51:169-78. [PMID: 11054867 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0029(20001015)51:2<169::aid-jemt8>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is a highly dynamic tissue, which depends on a variety of factors for the regulation of its rapid renewal and expression of digestive functions. Over the last 10 years, it has become evident that among these factors are cell interactions with the extracellular matrix, more specifically with the underlying basement membrane, through a series of specific cell membrane receptors, many of which are integrins. Integrins regulate the assembly of adhesive junctions as well as the activation of various signaling pathways, leading to the modulation of gene expression. The analysis of the integrin repertoire along the crypt-villus axis in the human small intestinal epithelium identifies a number of beta1 and beta4 integrins, showing differential patterns of expression relative to its two functional compartments. Among them are the integrins alpha3beta1, alpha7Bbeta1 and the functional form of alpha6beta4 that appear to be related, in concert with the distribution of their ligands, to the process of intestinal cell differentiation, and the integrins alpha2beta1, alpha1beta1, alpha5beta1, and the non-functional form of alpha6beta4 that seem to be coupled with the undifferentiated/proliferative status of crypt cells. These observations delineate the potential complexity of the organization of epithelial cell-matrix interactions involved in the maintenance of the human intestinal crypt-villus axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lussier
- MRC Group in Functional Development and Physiopathology of the Digestive Tract, Département d'anatomie et de biologie cellulaire, Faculté de médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qué., Canada
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23
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Ohene-Abuakwa Y, Pignatelli M. Adhesion molecules in cancer biology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2000; 465:115-26. [PMID: 10810620 DOI: 10.1007/0-306-46817-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Ohene-Abuakwa
- Division of Investigative Science, Imperial College School of Medicine, London
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24
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Ohene-Abuakwa Y, Pignatelli M. Adhesion Molecules as Diagnostic Tools in Tumor Pathology. Int J Surg Pathol 2000; 8:191-200. [PMID: 11493989 DOI: 10.1177/106689690000800306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion molecules are transmembrane glycoproteins mediating cell-cell and cell extracellular matrix interactions. They control a number of fundamental biological processes including cell migration, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. In the last decade there has been an increasing interest in the exploitation of these molecules as diagnostic and/or prognostic markers in tumor pathology. For example, a large number of studies have shown that loss of E-cadherin expression correlates with high tumor grade and advanced tumor stage in a number of malignancies. The analysis of adhesion molecule profile in a routine clinical setting needs further investigation in prospective multicenter studies. Int J Surg Pathol 8(3):191-200, 2000
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaw Ohene-Abuakwa
- Division of Histopathology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Marlborough Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, England
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Arihiro K, Kaneko M, Fujii S, Inai K, Yokosaki Y. Significance of alpha 9 beta 1 and alpha v beta 6 integrin expression in breast carcinoma. Breast Cancer 2000; 7:19-26. [PMID: 11029766 DOI: 10.1007/bf02967183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both alpha 9 beta 1 and alpha v beta 6 integrins have been newly identified from the tracheal epithelium of guinea pig. It has been pointed out that alpha 9 beta 1 functions as a receptor for tenascin-C and osteopontin. As for the ligands of alpha v beta 6, fibronectin and tenascin-C have been identified. It has not been ascertained whether alpha 9 beta 1 and alpha v beta 6 are expressed in normal breast tissue, benign breast lesion or breast carcinoma. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining for alpha 9 beta 1 and alpha v beta 6 was performed in benign breast lesion and breast carcinoma specimens. Western blotting was carried out on 11 breast carcinoma cases. RESULTS alpha 9 beta 1 was expressed in the cytoplasm of carcinoma cells in 23 of 90 cases (26%) and alpha v beta 6 in the membrane of carcinoma cells in 16 of 90 cases (18%). However, these findings of alpha 9 beta 1 and alpha v beta 6 did not correlate with any clinicopathological factors including the patients' age, tumor size, histological type of carcinoma, location of carcinoma cells and hormone receptor status. With regard to the histological grade of carcinoma, alpha v beta 6 and alpha 9 beta 1 expression did not statistically correlate, although no expression of alpha v beta 6 was observed in 14 cases of Grade I. On Western-blott analysis strong and weak bands consistent with alpha v beta 6 were noted in the membrane fraction extracted from breast carcinoma cells. On the other hand weak bands consistent with alpha 9 subunit were noted in the whole cell lysates of breast carcinoma cells and very weak or no bands consistent with alpha 9 subunit were noted in the membrane fraction extracted from the breast carcinoma cells. CONCLUSIONS Significance of alpha 9 beta 1 and alpha v beta 6 integrins expression in breast carcinoma was still unknown on clinicopathological examination. The findings of Western blot analysis may indicate that the transportation system of glycoproteins such as integrins to the cell membrane of carcinoma cells is disturbed, although these integrins can be produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Arihiro
- Second Department of Pathology, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Japan
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26
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Schneider H, Harbottle RP, Yokosaki Y, Jost P, Coutelle C. Targeted gene delivery into alpha9beta1-integrin-displaying cells by a synthetic peptide. FEBS Lett 1999; 458:329-32. [PMID: 10570934 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)01181-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the usefulness of two small synthetic peptides comprising either a linear or a cyclic PLAEIDGIEL domain and a DNA-binding moiety of 16 lysine residues to mediate gene transfer selectively into alpha9beta1-integrin-displaying cells. Such specific gene delivery could only be achieved with the peptide containing the cyclic PLAEIDGIEL domain. However, inclusion of the cationic liposome Lipofect-AMINE into the peptide/DNA complexes resulted for both peptides in efficient gene transfer with significant targeting specificity. Naturally, the integrin alpha9beta1 is present only in a few highly specialised tissues and abundant throughout the human airway epithelia in vivo. Targeting gene vectors to this integrin therefore appears a useful approach to gene therapy of lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis. As the integrin alpha9beta1 is associated with tissue differentiation during foetal development and may cause resurgence of the foetal phenotype in colon cancers, such vectors may also be applicable for prenatal and cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Schneider
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Imperial College School of Medicine, London, UK.
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27
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Lorentz O, Suh ER, Taylor JK, Boudreau F, Traber PG. CREB-binding [corrected] protein interacts with the homeodomain protein Cdx2 and enhances transcriptional activity. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:7196-9. [PMID: 10066780 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.11.7196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cdx2 encodes for a homeodomain protein that is expressed in intestinal epithelial cells. The Cdx2 protein triggers intestinal differentiation in cell lines and is necessary for maintenance of the intestinal phenotype in mice. CBP (cAMP response element-binding protein) is a transcriptional co-activator that interacts with many transcription factors and components of the basal transcriptional machinery. In this study, we demonstrate that CBP is markedly induced upon differentiation of the Caco-2 intestinal cell line and augments Cdx2-dependent transcriptional activity. Cdx2 interacts with the amino-terminal domain of CBP, and the two proteins coexist in vivo within the same nuclear protein complex. Moreover, expression of the CBP domain that interacts with Cdx2 acts as a dominant-negative inhibitor of transcriptional activation by Cdx2. These findings demonstrate a direct interaction between an intestinal homeodomain protein and CBP and suggest that CBP participates in the network of transcriptional proteins that direct intestinal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Lorentz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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28
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Abstract
As previously reported, alpha9 integrin is expressed between the merged or fused eyelids of mice at birth, and changes in alpha9 localization occur during lid opening. To determine whether alpha9 and/or additional integrin subunits mediate the emergence and temporary fusion of the eyelids, immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy were used to evaluate the localization of various integrin subunits in the developing ocular surface of the mouse. No detectable beta5, beta6, or beta7 integrins were observed on the epithelia of the ocular surface. alpha2, alpha3, alphav, and beta1 integrins were most abundant in the basal cells beginning at 13.5 days post conception and remained primarily localized to the basal cell layers throughout development. beta4 was localized at the basal surface of the epidermal basal cells beginning at 13.5 days post conception but was not found on the corneal epithelial basal cells until after birth. alpha9 and beta8 integrins were present on suprabasal cells of the epidermis at the leading edge of the eyelid before merger and on the epithelial bridge that forms immediately after these tissues merge, suggesting that they play a role in the initial fusion of the epithelial tissues of the eyelid and in stabilizing the epithelial junction. After birth and into adulthood, beta8 was retained within the suprabasal cell layers of the epidermis, whereas alpha9 became localized to the basal cells of the epidermis, the conjunctiva, and the limbus. The lack of co-localization of beta4 with either alpha9 or beta8 in double-labeling studies suggests that alpha9 and beta8 are restricted to the lateral and apical aspects of those cells in which they are expressed. The presence of tenascin-C and laminin-5 at the epithelial junction site suggests that alpha9: tenascin-C and beta4: laminin-5 interactions may play a role in stabilizing the fusion between lids early on but do not appear to be involved in the movement of the lids across the cornea. The data presented identify specific integrins and matrix proteins that are likely to mediate eyelid fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Stepp
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
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29
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Desloges N, Basora N, Perreault N, Bouatrouss Y, Sheppard D, Beaulieu JF. Regulated expression of the integrin α9β1 in the epithelium of the developing human gut and in intestinal cell lines: Relation with cell proliferation. J Cell Biochem 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(19981215)71:4<536::aid-jcb8>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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