1
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In vitro antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities of novel triphenyltin isoselenocyanate in human breast carcinoma cell lines MCF 7 and MDA-MB-231. Med Oncol 2022; 39:99. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01692-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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2
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Wang Q, Bao Y. Nanodelivery of natural isothiocyanates as a cancer therapeutic. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 167:125-140. [PMID: 33711418 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Natural isothiocyanates (ITCs) are phytochemicals abundant in cruciferous vegetables with the general structure, R-NCS. They are bioactive organosulfur compounds derived from the hydrolysis of glucosinolates by myrosinase. A significant number of isothiocyanates have been isolated from different plant sources that include broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, kale, mustard, wasabi, and watercress. Several ITCs have been demonstrated to possess significant pharmacological properties including: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and antimicrobial activities. Due to their chemopreventive effects on many types of cancer, ITCs have been regarded as a promising anti-cancer therapeutic agent without major toxicity concerns. However, their clinical application has been hindered by several factors including their low aqueous solubility, low bioavailability, instability as well as their hormetic effect. Moreover, the typical dietary uptake of ITCs consumed for promotion of good health may be far from their bioactive (or cytotoxic) dose necessary for cancer prevention and/or treatment. Nanotechnology is one of best options to attain enhanced efficacy and minimize hormetic effect for ITCs. Nanoformulation of ITCs leads to enhance stability of ITCs in plasma and emphasize on their chemopreventive effects. This review provides a summary of the potential bioactivities of ITCs, their mechanisms of action for the prevention and treatment of cancer, as well as the recent research progress in their nanodelivery strategies to enhance solubility, bioavailability, and anti-cancer efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK.
| | - Yongping Bao
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK.
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3
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Annageldiyev C, Tan SF, Thakur S, Dhanyamraju PK, Ramisetti SR, Bhadauria P, Schick J, Zeng Z, Sharma V, Dunton W, Dovat S, Desai D, Zheng H, Feith DJ, Loughran TP, Amin S, Sharma AK, Claxton D, Sharma A. The PI3K/AKT Pathway Inhibitor ISC-4 Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Growth of Leukemia in Preclinical Models of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2020; 10:393. [PMID: 32296637 PMCID: PMC7140985 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia is a heterogeneous disease with a 5-year survival rate of 28.3%, and current treatment options constrained by dose-limiting toxicities. One of the key signaling pathways known to be frequently activated and dysregulated in AML is PI3K/AKT. Its dysregulation is associated with aggressive cell growth and drug resistance. We investigated the activity of Phenybutyl isoselenocyanate (ISC-4) in primary cells obtained from newly diagnosed AML patients, diverse AML cell lines, and normal cord blood cells. ISC-4 significantly inhibited survival and clonogenicity of primary human AML cells without affecting normal cells. We demonstrated that ISC-4-mediated p-Akt inhibition caused apoptosis in primary AML (CD34+) stem cells and enhanced efficacy of cytarabine. ISC-4 impeded leukemia progression with improved overall survival in a syngeneic C1498 mouse model with no obvious toxic effects on normal myelopoiesis. In U937 xenograft model, bone marrow cells exhibited significant reduction in human CD45+ cells in ISC-4 (~87%) or AraC (~89%) monotherapy groups compared to control. Notably, combination treatment suppressed the leukemic infiltration significantly higher than the single-drug treatments (~94%). Together, the present findings suggest that ISC-4 might be a promising agent for AML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charyguly Annageldiyev
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.,Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Su-Fern Tan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Shreya Thakur
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Pavan Kumar Dhanyamraju
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Srinivasa R Ramisetti
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Preeti Bhadauria
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Jacob Schick
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Zheng Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Varun Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Wendy Dunton
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Dhimant Desai
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Hong Zheng
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.,Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - David J Feith
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Thomas P Loughran
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Shantu Amin
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Arun K Sharma
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - David Claxton
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.,Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Arati Sharma
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.,Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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4
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Tripathi K, Hussein UK, Anupalli R, Barnett R, Bachaboina L, Scalici J, Rocconi RP, Owen LB, Piazza GA, Palle K. Allyl isothiocyanate induces replication-associated DNA damage response in NSCLC cells and sensitizes to ionizing radiation. Oncotarget 2016; 6:5237-52. [PMID: 25742788 PMCID: PMC4467145 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), a constituent of many cruciferous vegetables exhibits significant anticancer activities in many cancer models. Our studies provide novel insights into AITC-induced anticancer mechanisms in human A549 and H1299 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. AITC exposure induced replication stress in NSCLC cells as evidenced by γH2AX and FANCD2 foci, ATM/ATR-mediated checkpoint responses and S and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, AITC-induced FANCD2 foci displayed co-localization with BrdU foci, indicating stalled or collapsed replication forks in these cells. Although PITC (phenyl isothiocyanate) exhibited concentration-dependent cytotoxic effects, treatment was less effective compared to AITC. Previously, agents that induce cell cycle arrest in S and G2/M phases were shown to sensitize tumor cells to radiation. Similar to these observations, combination therapy involving AITC followed by radiation treatment exhibited increased DDR and cell killing in NSCLC cells compared to single agent treatment. Combination index (CI) analysis revealed synergistic effects at multiple doses of AITC and radiation, resulting in CI values of less than 0.7 at Fa of 0.5 (50% reduction in survival). Collectively, these studies identify an important anticancer mechanism displayed by AITC, and suggest that the combination of AITC and radiation could be an effective therapy for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushlendra Tripathi
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Usama K Hussein
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Faculty of Science, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Roja Anupalli
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Reagan Barnett
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Lavanya Bachaboina
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Jennifer Scalici
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Rodney P Rocconi
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Laurie B Owen
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Gary A Piazza
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Komaraiah Palle
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
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5
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Gum SI, Cho MK. Differential hepatic GSTA2 expression of arylalkyl isothiocyanates in vivo and in vitro: The molecular mechanism of gene induction by phenethyl isothiocyanate. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:2223-32. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Il Gum
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Oriental Medicine; Dongguk University; Kyungju Korea
| | - Min Kyung Cho
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Oriental Medicine; Dongguk University; Kyungju Korea
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Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element for humans and other animals that is required in very small amounts for proper growth and functioning. Several selenium compounds have shown promise as cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents. However, the negative outcome of the SELECT trial to some extent dampened the enthusiasm of selenium-related drug development. A look at the selenium compounds, their diverse mechanism of action, bioavailability and efficacy based on chemical structure, however, suggests that failure of SELECT that used selenomethionine supplement to prevent prostate cancer was not a failure of selenium compounds as a whole. This is certainly true in regard to therapeutic applications of selenium compounds. This article puts these arguments in perspective, and based on the literature reports, especially several newly developed selenium compounds, emphasizes the importance of selenium in the development of chemopreventive and particularly chemotherapeutic drugs for cancer in near future.
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7
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Sk UH, Prakasha Gowda A, Crampsie MA, Yun JK, Spratt TE, Amin S, Sharma AK. Development of novel naphthalimide derivatives and their evaluation as potential melanoma therapeutics. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:3331-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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8
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Crampsie MA, Jones N, Das A, Aliaga C, Desai D, Lazarus P, Amin S, Sharma AK. Phenylbutyl isoselenocyanate modulates phase I and II enzymes and inhibits 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)- 1-butanone-induced DNA adducts in mice. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2011; 4:1884-94. [PMID: 21795424 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-11-0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer remains one of the most preventable forms of cancer with about 90% of cases attributed to cigarette smoking. Over the years, the development of chemopreventive agents that could inhibit, delay, or reverse the lung carcinogenesis process has been an active field of research, however, without much attainment. Through extensive structure-activity relationship studies, we recently identified a novel agent phenylbutyl isoselenocyanate (ISC-4), designed on the basis of naturally occurring isothiocyanates well known for their lung cancer prevention properties, as a potential chemopreventive agent. In this study, we used A/J mice to evaluate the lung cancer chemopreventive potential of ISC-4. A single intragastric dose of 1.25 μmol ISC-4 resulted in a time-dependent increase of selenium levels in serum, liver, and lung, suggesting that ISC-4 is orally bioavailable, a key requirement for a chemopreventive agent. This dose also resulted in a time-dependent inhibition of microsomal cytochrome P450 (Cyp450) activity and delayed increases in phase II UDP-glucuronyl transferase (Ugt) and glutathione-S-transferase (Gst) activity. ISC-4 was able to induce mRNA expression of Cyp, Ugt, and Gst enzyme isoforms in liver, but in lung, it inhibited Cyp isoforms while inducing Ugt and Gst isoforms. In addition, ISC-4 effectively inhibited methyl-DNA adduct formation in mice fed diet supplemented with ISC-4 for two weeks and then treated with the tobacco procarcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. These results suggest that ISC-4 is a strong candidate for development as a chemopreventive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Crampsie
- Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, CH72, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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9
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Sharma AK, Kline CL, Berg A, Amin S, Irby RB. The Akt inhibitor ISC-4 activates prostate apoptosis response protein-4 and reduces colon tumor growth in a nude mouse model. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:4474-83. [PMID: 21555373 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-2370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prostate apoptosis response protein-4 (Par-4) sensitizes cells to chemotherapy; however, Akt1 inactivates Par-4. Previously we showed that Par-4-overexpressing colon cancer cells responded more readily to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) than their wild-type counterparts. In this study we investigated (i) the effects of the Akt inhibitor, phenylbutyl isoselenocyanate (ISC-4), on tumor growth in nude mice and (ii) bystander effect of Par-4-overexpressing cells on wild-type tumor growth. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Mice (n = 80) were injected with wild-type HT29 human colon cancer cells in the right flank. Forty of the mice were also injected in the left flank with HT29 cells engineered to overexpress Par-4. The mice were treated with 5-FU, ISC-4, a combination, or vehicle. RESULTS ISC-4 reduced tumor growth, with or without 5-FU. When Par-4-overexpressing tumors were present, wild-type tumors grew more slowly compared to when no Par-4-overexpressing tumors were present. The level of Par-4 protein as well as the Par-4 binding protein, GRP78, was increased in wild-type cells growing in the same mouse as Par-4-overexpressing tumors compared with wild-type tumors growing without Par-4-overexpressing tumors. CONCLUSIONS Par-4-overexpressing tumors exhibited a bystander effect on wild-type tumors growing distally in the same mouse. This suggests that gene therapy need not achieve total penetration to have a positive effect on tumor treatment. Inhibition of Akt with ISC-4 inhibited tumor growth and had a greater effect on cells overexpressing Par-4. The data indicate ISC-4 alone or in combination with Par-4 can greatly reduce tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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10
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Abstract
Glucosinolates, phytochemicals found in cruciferous vegetables, are metabolised to bioactive isothiocyanates (ITC) by certain bacteria in the human gut. Substantial individual variation in urinary ITC excretion has been observed in previous cruciferous vegetable-feeding studies. We hypothesised that individual differences in gut microbial community contribute to the observed variation in glucosinolate metabolism, i.e. gut microbiota composition between high- and low-ITC excreters differs. We recruited twenty-three healthy individuals and fed them a standardised meal containing 200 g of cooked broccoli. After the meal, 24 h urinary ITC excretion was measured. Study participants with the highest (n 5) and lowest (n 5) ITC excretion provided faecal samples for ex vivo bacterial cultivation with 50 μm-glucoraphanin, the major glucosinolate found in broccoli. When grown ex vivo, faecal bacteria from the selected high-ITC excreters were able to degrade more glucoraphanin than those from the low-ITC excreters (P = 0·05). However, bacterial fingerprints of faecal and ex vivo culture microbiota revealed no statistically significant differences between the high- and low-ITC excreters in terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene. In conclusion, glucosinolate degradation by faecal bacteria ex vivo may be associated with in vivo bacterial glucosinolate metabolism capacity, but no direct link to specific bacterial species could be established, possibly due to the complexity and functional redundancy of the gut microbiota.
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11
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Sharma AK, Sharma A, Desai D, Madhunapantula SV, Huh SJ, Robertson GP, Amin S. Synthesis and anticancer activity comparison of phenylalkyl isoselenocyanates with corresponding naturally occurring and synthetic isothiocyanates. J Med Chem 2009; 51:7820-6. [PMID: 19053750 DOI: 10.1021/jm800993r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis and identification of novel phenylalkyl isoselenocyanates (ISCs), isosteric selenium analogues of naturally occurring phenylalkyl isothiocyanates (ITCs), as effective cytotoxic and antitumor agents are described. The structure-activity relationship comparison of ISCs with ITCs and effect of the increasing alkyl chain length in inhibiting cancer cell growth were evaluated on melanoma, prostate, breast, glioblastoma, sarcoma, and colon cancer cell lines. IC(50) values for ISC compounds were generally lower than their corresponding ITC analogues. Similarly, in UACC 903 human melanoma cells, the inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis were more pronounced with ISCs compared to ITCs. Further, ISCs and ITCs effectively inhibited melanoma tumor growth in mice following intraperitoneal xenograft. A similar reduction in tumor size was observed at 3 times lower doses of ISCs compared to corresponding ITCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA.
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12
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Stearman RS, Dwyer-Nield L, Zerbe L, Blaine SA, Chan Z, Bunn PA, Johnson GL, Hirsch FR, Merrick DT, Franklin WA, Baron AE, Keith RL, Nemenoff RA, Malkinson AM, Geraci MW. Analysis of orthologous gene expression between human pulmonary adenocarcinoma and a carcinogen-induced murine model. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2006; 167:1763-75. [PMID: 16314486 PMCID: PMC1613183 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)61257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Human adenocarcinoma (AC) is the most frequently diagnosed human lung cancer, and its absolute incidence is increasing dramatically. Compared to human lung AC, the A/J mouse-urethane model exhibits similar histological appearance and molecular changes. We examined the gene expression profiles of human and murine lung tissues (normal or AC) and compared the two species' datasets after aligning approximately 7500 orthologous genes. A list of 409 gene classifiers (P value <0.0001), common to both species (joint classifiers), showed significant, positive correlation in expression levels between the two species. A number of previously reported expression changes were recapitulated in both species, such as changes in glycolytic enzymes and cell-cycle proteins. Unexpectedly, joint classifiers in angiogenesis were uniformly down-regulated in tumor tissues. The eicosanoid pathway enzymes prostacyclin synthase (PGIS) and inducible prostaglandin E(2) synthase (PGES) were joint classifiers that showed opposite effects in lung AC (PGIS down-regulated; PGES up-regulated). Finally, tissue microarrays identified the same protein expression pattern for PGIS and PGES in 108 different non-small cell lung cancer biopsies, and the detection of PGIS had statistically significant prognostic value in patient survival. Thus, the A/J mouse-urethane model reflects significant molecular details of human lung AC, and comparison of changes in orthologous gene expression may provide novel insights into lung carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Stearman
- Department of Medicine/Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, USA.
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13
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Yang YM, Jhanwar-Uniyal M, Schwartz J, Conaway CC, Halicka HD, Traganos F, Chung FL. N-acetylcysteine conjugate of phenethyl isothiocyanate enhances apoptosis in growth-stimulated human lung cells. Cancer Res 2005; 65:8538-47. [PMID: 16166335 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that dietary treatment with the N-acetylcysteine conjugate of phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC-NAC) inhibited benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice, and that tumor inhibition was associated with induction of activator protein-1 (AP-1) activity and stimulation of apoptosis in the lungs of mice. In the present study, we show that PEITC-NAC also induces apoptosis and AP-1 activity in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, and that activation of AP-1 is important in PEITC-NAC induced apoptosis in these cells. PEITC-NAC induced AP-1 binding activity in A549 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner; peak activity appeared at 10 micromol/L after 24 hours. At that time, flow cytometric analysis showed a sub-G1 peak, indicating that approximately 4.5% of the cells had undergone apoptosis. When wild-type c-jun cDNA was transfected into A549 cells, PEITC-NAC-mediated apoptosis was greatly increased in the c-jun-transfected cells compared with the control vector-transfected cells, based on cell morphology and analysis of DNA fragmentation. Furthermore, cells that were pretreated with 100 nmol/L 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate, and then treated with 25 micromol/L PEITC-NAC, underwent enhanced apoptosis compared with cells that were treated with PEITC-NAC alone; cells treated with 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate alone showed active cell growth without apoptosis. Bivariate flow cytometric analysis of DNA strand breaks versus DNA content showed that apoptosis induced by PEITC-NAC occurred predominantly in the G2-M phase. These findings suggest that growth-stimulated cells with an elevated basal AP-1 activity, i.e., A549 cells transfected with wild-type c-jun or treated with a tumor promoter, were more sensitive to PEITC-NAC-mediated apoptosis. The observation that PEITC-NAC induces apoptosis predominantly in growth-promoted cells, such as neoplastic cells, suggests a selective mechanism by which PEITC-NAC inhibits lung carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Ming Yang
- Division of Carcinogenesis, American Health Foundation Cancer Center, Institute for Cancer Prevention, Valhalla, New York, USA.
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Hecht SS, Carmella SG, Kenney PM, Low SH, Arakawa K, Yu MC. Effects of Cruciferous Vegetable Consumption on Urinary Metabolites of the Tobacco-Specific Lung Carcinogen 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-Pyridyl)-1-Butanone in Singapore Chinese. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2004. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.997.13.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Vegetable consumption, including cruciferous vegetables, is protective against lung cancer, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cruciferous vegetable consumption on the metabolism of the tobacco-specific lung carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in smokers. The study was carried out in Singapore Chinese, whose mean daily intake of cruciferous vegetables is three times greater than that of people in the United States. Eighty-four smokers provided urine samples and were interviewed about dietary habits using a structured questionnaire, which included questions on consumption of nine commonly consumed cruciferous vegetables. Samples of these vegetables obtained in Singapore markets at three different times of year were analyzed for glucosinolates. Urine was analyzed for metabolites of NNK: 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and its glucuronides (NNAL-Glucs). Glucobrassicins, which release indole-3-carbinols on chewing, were the major glucosinolates in seven of the nine cruciferous vegetables, accounting for 70.0% to 93.2% of all glucosinolates in these vegetables. There was a significant correlation (P = 0.01) between increased consumption of glucobrassicins and decreased levels of NNAL in urine after adjustment for number of cigarettes smoked per day; similar trends were observed for NNAL-Glucs (P = 0.08) and NNAL plus NNAL-Glucs (P = 0.03). These results are consistent with those of previous studies, which demonstrate that indole-3-carbinol decreases levels of urinary NNAL probably by inducing hepatic metabolism of NNK. The results are discussed with respect to the known chemopreventive activity of indole-3-carbinol against lung tumorigenesis by NNK in mice and the effects of isothiocyanates, which are also formed on consumption of cruciferous vegetables, on NNK metabolism. The results of this study demonstrate the complexities in assessing effects of cruciferous vegetables on carcinogen metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Siew-Hong Low
- 2Department of Community, Occupational, and Family Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; and
| | - Kazuko Arakawa
- 3Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mimi C. Yu
- 3Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Martín C. Cáncer de pulmón y consumo de vegetales en Asturias. Un estudio de casos y controles. Med Clin (Barc) 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0025-7753(02)73365-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Malkinson AM. Primary lung tumors in mice as an aid for understanding, preventing, and treating human adenocarcinoma of the lung. Lung Cancer 2001; 32:265-79. [PMID: 11390008 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(00)00232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Primary lung tumors in mice have morphologic, histogenic, and molecular features similar to human lung adenocarcinoma, and in particular, the bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma subtype. Because of this, and because of the genetic homology between man and mouse and the ease of genetic manipulations in mice, this model system is receiving intense research attention. This review is intended to be informative to clinical investigators, and describes features of this model, how it is being used for translational research, and points out additional avenues of study that could have practical benefits, such as application for identifying novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Malkinson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA.
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17
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Xu K, Thornalley PJ. Involvement of glutathione metabolism in the cytotoxicity of the phenethyl isothiocyanate and its cysteine conjugate to human leukaemia cells in vitro. Biochem Pharmacol 2001; 61:165-77. [PMID: 11163331 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(00)00526-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The dietary isothiocyanate and cancer chemopreventive agent, phenethyl isothiocyanate, induced apoptosis of human leukaemia HL60 and human myeloblastic leukaemia ML-1 cells in vitro. Cytotoxicity was associated with an initial decrease in GSH and GSSG, with a concomitant formation of the GSH adduct S-(N-phenethylthiocarbamoyl)glutathione inside cells, which was then exported from cells. After 12 hr, the cellular concentration of GSH recovered and then declined after 24 hr. Buthionine sulphoximine prevented the recovery of cellular GSH concentration and potentiated the cytotoxicity of phenethyl isothiocyanate. S-(N-phenethylthiocarbamoyl)glutathione spontaneously fragmented to GSH and phenethyl isothiocyanate, GSH oxidized to GSSG and glutathionyl-protein disulphides, and phenethyl isothiocyanate hydrolyzed to phenylethylamine. GSH and GSSG depletion was more marked in ML-1 cells than in HL60 cells. Studies with [(14)C]-labelled phenethyl isothiocyanate gave evidence of phenethylthiocarbamoylation of cells that maximized after 2-3 hr. This occurred later than the maximum concentration of S-(N-phenethylthiocarbamoyl)glutathione, but coincided with the commitment to apoptosis and cytotoxicity which developed later. The cytotoxicity of phenethyl isothiocyanate was prevented by a high concentration of GSH (15 mM) and delayed by the antioxidant and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signalling pathway inhibitor curcumin. GSH prevented and curcumin partly prevented the decrease in cellular GSH. These studies show that the cysteinyl thiol group of GSH is an important site of thiocarbamoylation by phenethyl isothiocyanate during induction of apoptosis and that this may lead to depletion of cellular GSH by efflux of the GSH conjugate. Thiocarbamoylation also occurred at other sites. The recent demonstration of a critical role for activation of caspase-8 in phenethyl isothiocyanate-induced apoptosis suggests that this thiocarbamoylation directly or indirectly leads to functional activation of a cell death receptor/adaptor protein complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Central Campus, Wivenhoe Park, CO4 3SQ, Essex, Colchester, UK
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18
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McCarty MF. Inhibition of CYP2E1 with natural agents may be a feasible strategy for minimizing the hepatotoxicity of ethanol. Med Hypotheses 2001; 56:8-11. [PMID: 11133247 DOI: 10.1054/mehy.1999.1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
CYP2E1, induced in hepatocytes by heavy consumption of ethanol and certain other drugs, is a potent generator of superoxide, and is thereby thought to mediate the gravest aspects of alcoholic hepatotoxicity. Certain drugs such as the sedative chlormethiazole are effective inhibitors of CYP2E1, and may have clinical potential in the treatment of alcoholics. A number of phytochemicals can also potently inhibit CYP2E1 - most notably certain isothiocyanates found in crucifera, such as sulforaphane and phenethylisothiocyanate. Preparation of these compounds from crucifera seeds or sprouts should enable commercial production of supplements that would protect the livers of social drinkers while concurrently reducing risk for carcinogen-induced cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F McCarty
- Pantox Laboratories, San Diego, California 92109, USA
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19
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London SJ, Yuan JM, Chung FL, Gao YT, Coetzee GA, Ross RK, Yu MC. Isothiocyanates, glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 polymorphisms, and lung-cancer risk: a prospective study of men in Shanghai, China. Lancet 2000; 356:724-9. [PMID: 11085692 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02631-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary isothiocyanates inhibit lung carcinogenesis in laboratory animals but human data are limited. Glutathione S-transferases M1 and T1 (GSTM1 and GSTT1) conjugate isothiocyanates leading to more rapid elimination. Common deletion polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 abolish enzyme activity. We hypothesised that chemopreventive effects of isothiocyanates might be heightened when enzymes that enhance their elimination are lacking. METHODS We examined the relation between total isothiocyanate concentrations in urine, collected before diagnosis, and the subsequent risk of lung cancer among 232 incident cases of lung cancer and 710 matched controls from a cohort of 18,244 men in Shanghai, China, followed from 1986 to 1997. Homozygous deletion of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes were determined by PCR. FINDINGS Individuals with detectable isothiocyanates in the urine were at decreased risk of lung cancer (smoking-adjusted relative risk for lung cancer=0.65 [95% CI 0.43-0.97]). This protective effect of isothiocyanates was seen primarily among individuals with homozygous deletion of GSTM1 (0.36 [0.20-0.63]) and particularly with deletion of both GSTM1 and GSTT1 (0.28 [0.13-0.57]). INTERPRETATION Isothiocyanates appeared to reduce lung-cancer risk in this cohort of Chinese men. Reduction in risk was strongest among persons genetically deficient in enzymes that rapidly eliminate these chemopreventive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J London
- USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033, USA
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20
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Xu K, Thornalley PJ. Studies on the mechanism of the inhibition of human leukaemia cell growth by dietary isothiocyanates and their cysteine adducts in vitro. Biochem Pharmacol 2000; 60:221-31. [PMID: 10825467 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(00)00319-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The dietary isothiocyanates and cancer chemopreventive agents phenethyl isothiocyanate and allyl isothiocyanate and their cysteine conjugates inhibited the growth and induced apoptosis of human leukaemia HL60 (p53-) and human myeloblastic leukaemia-1 cells (p53+) in vitro. The median growth inhibitory concentration (GC(50)) values were in the range 1.49-3.22 microM in cultures with 10% serum. Isothiocyanates and cysteine conjugates had increased potency against HL60 cells in serum-free medium, with GC(50) values of 0.8-0. 9 microM. The potency of the compounds decreased with increased serum content of the medium, but that of the cysteine conjugates decreased more markedly. Growth inhibition and toxicity was characterised by either a rapid interaction of the isothiocyanate with the cells in the first hour of culture or exposure to isothiocyanate liberated from the cysteine conjugate in the initial 3 hr of culture, inhibition of macromolecule synthesis, and a commitment to apoptosis which developed in the initial 24 hr. Activities of caspase-3 and caspase-8 were increased during isothiocyanate-induced apoptosis, but caspase-1 activity was not. The general caspase inhibitor N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethylketone and the specific caspase-8 inhibitor N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Ile-Glu(OMe)-Thr-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethylketone inhibited apoptosis, but specific caspase-1 and caspase-3 inhibitors did not. The antiproliferative activities were limited by hydrolysis of the isothiocyanate. This suggests that caspase-8 has a critical role, and caspase-3 a supporting role, in isothiocyanate-induced apoptosis in which p53 is not an obligatory participant. Isothiocyanate-induced apoptosis may suppress the growth of preclinical tumours and contribute to the well-established decreased cancer incidence associated with a vegetable-rich diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Central Campus, Wivenhoe Park, CO4 3SQ, Essex, Colchester, UK
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21
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Zhang Y. Role of glutathione in the accumulation of anticarcinogenic isothiocyanates and their glutathione conjugates by murine hepatoma cells. Carcinogenesis 2000. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/21.6.1175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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22
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Nishikawa A, Furukawa F, Kasahara K, Tanakamaru Z, Miyauchi M, Nakamura H, Ikeda T, Imazawa T, Hirose M. Failure of phenethyl isothiocyanate to inhibit hamster tumorigenesis induced by N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine when given during the post-initiation phase. Cancer Lett 1999; 141:109-15. [PMID: 10454250 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(99)00089-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The chemopreventive influence of phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) during the post-initiation stage was investigated in the N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP)-initiated hamster tumorigenesis model. A total of 120 female 5-week-old hamsters were divided into six groups. Animals in groups 1-3, each consisting of 30 hamsters, were injected twice, subcutaneously, with BOP 7 days apart to effect initiation. Starting 1 week after the second BOP injection, hamsters in groups 1 and 2 were fed diets supplemented with 6 micromol/g and 3 micromol/g of PEITC, respectively, for 51 weeks. Animals in group 3 received a basal diet as an initiation positive control. Animals in groups 4-6, each consisting of ten hamsters, were given 6 micromol/g or 3 micromol/g of PEITC alone, or were non-treated, matched negative controls for groups 1-3. At the termination of experimental week 52, the incidences and multiplicities of neoplastic lesions in the target organs including the pancreas, lung, liver and kidney were found to be comparable among the BOP-treated groups. The values for pancreatic adenocarcinomas as well as dysplastic lesions tended to increase although without statistical significance. Taken together with our previous finding that PEITC dramatically inhibited the initiation phase of BOP-induced pancreatic and lung tumorigenesis in hamsters, it can be concluded that PEITC specifically exerts chemopreventive effects only when given concomitantly with the carcinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nishikawa
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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