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Bolt LM, Owens JL, Grant MT, Coggeshall EMC, Russell DG, Merrigan-Johnson C, Jacobson ZS, Schmidt ZT, Kaser FVE, Schreier AL. Edge effects and social behavior in three platyrrhines. Am J Primatol 2024:e23610. [PMID: 38402143 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Social behavior is a key adaptation for group-living primates. It is important to assess changes to social behavior in human-impacted landscape zones to better understand the impact of anthropogenic disturbance on primate species. We investigated social behavior rate and type in three species of platyrrhines across 100 m anthropogenic edge and interior zones of a fragmented forest in Costa Rica, La Suerte Biological Research Station (LSBRS). Following results from other sites, we predicted that spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi), capuchin monkeys (Cebus imitator) and howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) would show lower rates and fewer types of social behavior in forest edge compared to interior. We collected 1341 h of instantaneous focal data from 2017 to 2023 across the three monkey species. We found mixed support for our predictions, with spider and capuchin monkeys modifying some but not all aspects of social behavior across forest zones at LSBRS. Spider monkeys had lower rates of social behavior and capuchin monkeys performed different types of social behaviors in forest edge compared to interior at LSBRS. In contrast, howler monkeys did not modify social behavior. Two out of three platyrrhine species altered their social behavior when in anthropogenic edges, indicating behavioral adjustment when in human-altered habitat areas at LSBRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Bolt
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada
- Maderas Rainforest Conservancy, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jenna L Owens
- Maderas Rainforest Conservancy, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Madison Taylor Grant
- Maderas Rainforest Conservancy, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Elizabeth M C Coggeshall
- Maderas Rainforest Conservancy, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Dorian G Russell
- Maderas Rainforest Conservancy, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, American University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Carrie Merrigan-Johnson
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada
- Maderas Rainforest Conservancy, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Zachary S Jacobson
- Maderas Rainforest Conservancy, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Zachary T Schmidt
- Maderas Rainforest Conservancy, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Amy L Schreier
- Maderas Rainforest Conservancy, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Biology, Regis University, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Dos Santos EO, Klain VF, B Manrique S, Rodrigues RO, Dos Santos HF, Sangioni LA, Dasso MG, de Almeida MAB, Dos Santos E, Born LC, Reck J, Botton SDA. Influence of landscape structure on previous exposure to Leptospira spp. and Brucella abortus in free-living neotropical primates from southern Brazil. Am J Primatol 2023; 85:e23472. [PMID: 36814095 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The environments in which neotropical primates live have been undergoing an intense fragmentation process, constituting a major threat to the species' survival and causing resource scarcity, social isolation, and difficulty in dispersal, leaving populations increasingly vulnerable. Moreover, the proximity of wild environments to anthropized landscapes can change the dynamics of pathogens and the parasite-host-environment relationship, creating conditions that favor exposure to different pathogens. To investigate the previous exposure of free-living primates in Rio Grande do Sul State (RS), southern Brazil, to the bacterial agents Leptospira spp. and Brucella abortus, we investigated agglutinating antibodies against 23 serovars of Leptospira spp. using the microscopic agglutination test and B. abortus acidified antigen test in primate serum samples; 101 samples from primates captured between 2002 and 2016 in different forest fragments were used: 63 Alouatta caraya, 36 Alouatta guariba clamitans, and 02 Sapajus nigritus cucullatus. In addition, the forest remnants where the primates were sampled were characterized in a multiscale approach in radii ranging from 200 to 1400 m to investigate the potential relationship of previous exposure to the agent with the elements that make up the landscape structure. The serological investigation indicated the presence of antibodies for at least one of the 23 serovars of Leptospira spp. in 36.6% (37/101) of the samples analyzed, with titers ranging from 100 to 1600. The most observed serovars were Panama (17.8%), Ballum (5.9%), Butembo (5.9%), Canicola (5.9%), Hardjo (4.9%), and Tarassovi (3.9%); no samples were seropositive for Brucella abortus. Decreased forest cover and edge density were the landscape factors that had a significant relationship with Leptospira spp. exposure, indicating that habitat fragmentation may influence contact with the pathogen. The data generated in this study demonstrate the importance of understanding how changes in landscape structure affect exposure to pathogenic microorganisms of zoonotic relevance. Hence, improving epidemiological research and understanding primates' ecological role in these settings can help improve environmental surveillance and conservation strategies for primate populations in different landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisandro O Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Saúde Única, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Vinícius F Klain
- Laboratório de Primatologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sebastián B Manrique
- Laboratório de Primatologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rogério O Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Leptospirose do Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Secretaria Estadual de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul, Brazil
| | - Helton F Dos Santos
- Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Animais Silvestres, Laboratório Central de Diagnóstico de Patologias Aviárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Luís A Sangioni
- Laboratório de Saúde Única, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Maurício G Dasso
- Laboratório de Leptospirose do Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Secretaria Estadual de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marco A B de Almeida
- Divisão de Vigilância Ambiental em Saúde, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Edmilson Dos Santos
- Divisão de Vigilância Ambiental em Saúde, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucas C Born
- Divisão de Vigilância Ambiental em Saúde, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - José Reck
- Laboratório de Parasitologia do Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Secretaria Estadual de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sônia de Avila Botton
- Laboratório de Saúde Única, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
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Dias PAD, Rangel Negrín A. One step forward, two steps backward: The frailty of howler monkey conservation in Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. Am J Primatol 2022; 84:e23437. [PMID: 36128630 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Most primate taxa are threatened by extinction and their populations are decreasing. The persistence of primates is thus conditional on conservation actions aimed at protecting them and their habitat. Here, we focus on the conservation of mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) in the Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve, Mexico. Following the creation of the reserve in 1998, habitat availability and howler monkey abundance increased, suggesting that progress was being made in terms of the conservation of this species. Recent events, however, suggest otherwise, as mantled howler monkey habitat within the biosphere reserve is being disturbed by mining operations endorsed by the Mexican government. We report this case to raise awareness about the challenges for primate and habitat conservation in protected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A D Dias
- Primate Behavioral Ecology Lab, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Ariadna Rangel Negrín
- Primate Behavioral Ecology Lab, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
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Peterson M, Jorge MLSP, Jain A, Keuroghlian A, Oshima JEF, Richard-Hansen C, Berzins R, Ribeiro MC, Eaton D. Temperature induces activity reduction in a Neotropical ungulate. J Mammal 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyab092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Because global climate change results in increasingly extreme temperatures and more frequent droughts, behavioral thermoregulation is one avenue by which species may adjust. Changes in activity patterns in response to temperature have been observed in a number of mammal species, but rarely have been investigated in humid tropical habitats. Here we examine the relationship between activity patterns and microclimate temperatures for white-lipped peccaries (Tayassu pecari, Tayassuidae, Cetartiodactyla) in four distinct biomes—the Cerrado, the Pantanal, the Atlantic Forest, and the Amazon. From 2013 to 2017, we monitored 30 white-lipped peccaries fitted with GPS collars that included accelerometers and temperature sensors. White-lipped peccaries were primarily diurnal, with peaks of activity in the morning and late afternoon, except in the Amazon where activity was high throughout the day. Total time active did not vary seasonally. White-lipped peccaries were significantly less likely to be active as temperatures increased, with the probability of being active decreasing by >49% in all biomes between 30 and 40°C. Our findings indicate that white-lipped peccaries are likely to be adversely impacted by rising temperatures, through being forced to reduce foraging time during their prime active periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Peterson
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - Maria Luisa S P Jorge
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - Avarna Jain
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | | | - Júlia Emi F Oshima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Laboratório de Ecologia Espacial e Conservação—LEEC, Depto. de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Av. 24-A, 1515, 13506-900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Cécile Richard-Hansen
- Office français de la Biodiversité (OFB), Kourou-Campus agronomique—French Guyana, France
- UMR EcoFog, Kourou-Campus agronomique—French Guiana, France
| | - Rachel Berzins
- Office français de la Biodiversité (OFB), Kourou-Campus agronomique—French Guyana, France
| | - Milton Cezar Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Laboratório de Ecologia Espacial e Conservação—LEEC, Depto. de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Av. 24-A, 1515, 13506-900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Don Eaton
- Peccary Project/IUCN/SSC Peccary Specialist Group, Campo Grande, Brazil
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Inoue Y, Sinun W, Okanoya K. Increase in social interactions of wild Northern Gray gibbons (Hylobates funereus) during the mast fruiting period in the Danum Valley Conservation Area, Sabah, Malaysia. Acta Ethol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10211-021-00370-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Anthropogenic edges impact howler monkey (Alouatta palliata) feeding behaviour in a Costa Rican rainforest. Primates 2021; 62:647-657. [PMID: 33792807 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-021-00904-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Anthropogenic forest fragmentation impacts many aspects of animal behaviour, including feeding ecology. With forests increasingly fragmented in tropical regions due to human development, the proportion of forest edge (≤ 100 m from clear-cut regions) is higher relative to forest interior. Forest edges differ in vegetation from interior, making it important to better understand how anthropogenic edges impact the feeding behaviour of primates such as mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata). We predicted that howler monkeys would feed on higher-quality plant resources, from a larger number of tree families, and from larger trees in forest interior compared to anthropogenic forest edge. We surveyed howler monkey feeding behaviour across forest zones in a fragmented rainforest in Costa Rica, La Suerte Biological Research Station. We observed individual monkeys for 30-minute periods, collecting data on their feeding behaviour and tree use at 2-minute intervals. We measured feeding trees and recorded the plant parts and taxonomy of resources consumed. Monkeys consumed more leaves and fewer stems and fed from a smaller number of tree families in the forest interior, while they consumed fewer leaves and more stems and fed from a larger number of tree families in the forest edge. Monkeys also fed from larger, taller trees in the forest interior than the edge. The differences in howler monkey feeding behaviour between forest zones attest to the impact of human disturbance on howler monkey feeding ecology.
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Bolt LM, Cavanaugh MN, Schreier AL. Lone males: Solitary and group-living male howler monkey (Alouatta palliata) behavioral ecology in a Costa Rican rainforest. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 174:201-212. [PMID: 33017866 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many group-living primate species have evolved the capacity for some individuals to live alone for part of their lives, but this solitary life stage has rarely been the subject of focused research. The mantled howler monkey (Alouatta palliata) is a social primate species with bisexual dispersal that lives in mixed-sex groups with low male-to-female sex ratios. Consequently, males often spend a long period of their lives as solitary individuals. This study compares the tree use, feeding, and long-distance vocalization behavior of solitary and group-living mantled howler monkey males living within a fragmented rainforest in Costa Rica, La Suerte Biological Research Station. Based on differences in competitive ability between solitary and group-living males, we predicted that lone males would be found in significantly smaller feeding and resting trees, consume more low-quality foods, and produce shorter howling bouts made at lower rates than group-living males. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected data on tree use and feeding during 30-min focal samples on male focal animals, recording data at 2-min intervals. We measured the trees in which the monkeys fed and rested for two or more intervals, and recorded the plant parts consumed. We recorded howling behavior using all-occurrences sampling. RESULTS Lone males used significantly smaller feeding and resting trees, consumed more low-quality foods, and howled at lower rates but had longer howling bouts triggered by anthropogenic noise more than group-living males. DISCUSSION Our results demonstrate that lone males differ in their behavioral ecology compared to group-living males, thus improving understanding of the solitary male life stage in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Bolt
- Department of Anthropology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.,The Maderas Rainforest Conservancy, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Amy L Schreier
- The Maderas Rainforest Conservancy, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Biology, Regis University, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Jucá T, Boyle S, Cavalcanti G, Cavalcante T, Tomanek P, Clemente S, de Oliveira T, Barnett AA. Being hunted high and low: do differences in nocturnal sleeping and diurnal resting sites of howler monkeys (Alouatta nigerrima and Alouatta discolor) reflect safety from attack by different types of predator? Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Predation risk is important in influencing animal behaviour. We investigated how the choice of nocturnal sleeping and diurnal resting sites by two species of primates was influenced by the most likely forms of attack (diurnal raptors and nocturnal felids). We recorded vertical and horizontal patterns of occupancy for 47 sleeping and 31 resting sites, as well as the presence of lianas or vines on trees. We compared the heights of trees used as resting or sleeping sites by the monkeys with those of 200 forest trees that the monkeys did not use. Trees used as nocturnal sleeping sites were taller than those used as diurnal resting sites, and taller than trees that the monkeys did not use. However, while trees used as diurnal resting sites were not significantly taller than non-used trees, diurnal resting sites were located on branches closer to the ground, closer to the main trunk of the tree and in trees with more lianas/vines than nocturnal sleeping sites. The differences in site location can be explained by the type of predator most likely to attack at a particular time: raptors in the day and felids at night.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thays Jucá
- Amazonian Mammals Research Group, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Sarah Boyle
- Department of Biology, Rhodes College, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Gitana Cavalcanti
- Department of Ecology, Conservation and Wildlife Management, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thiago Cavalcante
- Amazonian Mammals Research Group, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Pavel Tomanek
- Department of Animal Science and Ethology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Salatiel Clemente
- Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Federal University of Acre (UFAC), Acre, Brazil
| | - Tadeu de Oliveira
- Department of Biology, Maranhão State University (UEMA), São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Adrian A Barnett
- Amazonian Mammals Research Group, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Zoology Department, Amazonas Federal University (UFAM), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Centre for Research in Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Roehampton, London, UK
- Department of Zoology, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Ceccarelli E, Negrín AR, Coyohua-Fuentes A, Canales-Espinosa D, Dias PAD. An Exploration of the Factors Influencing the Spatial Behavior of Mantled Howler Monkeys (Alouatta palliata). INT J PRIMATOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-018-0075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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10
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Masilkova M, Weiss A, Konečná M. How long does it take? Reliable personality assessment based on common behaviour in cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus). Behav Processes 2018; 157:59-67. [PMID: 30157466 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Individual variation in behaviour has been shown to have important ecological and evolutionary consequences. Research on animal personality has therefore received considerable attention, yet some methodological issues remain unresolved. We tested whether assessing personality by coding common behaviours is as time-consuming method as some researchers believe it to be. Altogether, 300 hours of observation were collected on 20 captive cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus). We first examined the repeatability of behavioural indices that represented the behavioural repertoire of cotton-top tamarins. We then compared the personality structures, based on different lengths of observation time, of these behavioural indices. The minimum observational time necessary to obtain a stable personality structure was 5 to 7 hours per individual. This stable structure included two components: Extraversion and Confidence, which were similar to those described in great apes, Old World monkeys, and other New World monkeys. Our findings suggest that, at least in the case of cotton-top tamarins, behavioural coding over relatively short periods of time can be used to assess personality and that longer observation periods may yield diminishing returns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Masilkova
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Alexander Weiss
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom; Scottish Primate Research Group, United Kingdom
| | - Martina Konečná
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Zambrano J, Howe HF, Gonzalez‐Meler M. Combined effects of seed and soil quality drive seedling performance of a late‐successional canopy tree in a tropical forest. Biotropica 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Zambrano
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St. (M/C 066) Chicago IL 60706 U.S.A
- National Socio‐Environmental Synthesis Center (SESYNC) University of Maryland Annapolis MD U.S.A
| | - Henry F. Howe
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St. (M/C 066) Chicago IL 60706 U.S.A
| | - Miquel Gonzalez‐Meler
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St. (M/C 066) Chicago IL 60706 U.S.A
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Guatelli‐Steinberg D, Pampush JD, O'Hara MC, Xing S, McGraw WS, Ferrell RJ. Do Mid‐Crown Enamel Formation Front Angles Reflect Factors Linked to the Pace of Primate Growth and Development? Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2017; 301:125-139. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - James D. Pampush
- Department of Exercise ScienceHigh Point UniversityHigh Point North Carolina 27268
| | - Mackie C. O'Hara
- Department of AnthropologyThe Ohio State University, 4034 Smith LaboratoryColumbus Ohio 43210‐1106
| | - Song Xing
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of SciencesInstitute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, 100044
| | - W. Scott McGraw
- Department of AnthropologyThe Ohio State University, 4034 Smith LaboratoryColumbus Ohio 43210‐1106
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Jasso-del Toro C, Márquez-Valdelamar L, Mondragón-Ceballos R. Diversidad genética en grupos de monos aulladores de manto (Alouatta palliata mexicana) en la Reserva de la Biosfera Los Tuxtlas (Veracruz, México). REV MEX BIODIVERS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmb.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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14
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Phylogenetic and ecological factors impact the gut microbiota of two Neotropical primate species. Oecologia 2015; 180:717-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3507-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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15
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Ni Q, Xie M, Grueter CC, Jiang X, Xu H, Yao Y, Zhang M, Li Y, Yang J. Effects of food availability and climate on activity patterns of western black-crested gibbons in an isolated forest fragment in southern Yunnan, China. Primates 2015; 56:351-63. [PMID: 26275664 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-015-0481-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The critically endangered western black-crested gibbon (Nomascus concolor) is distributed in isolated habitat fragments in northern Vietnam, northwestern Laos, and southwestern China. To assess the behavioral adaptation of this species to forest fragments and its response to seasonal variation in food availability and climate, we present activity patterns of a group inhabiting an isolated forest based on two year-long studies in southern Yunnan, China. Annually, the gibbons spent nearly half of their active time resting, followed by moving and feeding. In both study periods, the time allocated to activities varied significantly between months, and was affected by food availability and climate factors. The group delayed retirement when tree fruit was abundant, and they decreased time spent moving and playing during periods of low fruit availability. In the cold months, the gibbons decreased time spent moving, and they decreased active time and resting time when rainfall was high. The results suggest that the group may seek to maximize net energy intake like energy maximizers when high quality food is most available, and adopt an energy-conserving strategy during periods of lower food availability and temperature. The gibbons showed similar diurnal variation in activity patterns to a group inhabiting a continuous forest at Dazhaizi, Mt. Wuliang, central Yunnan. However, they had a longer active period, and devoted more time to resting but less time to feeding. The individuals also spent lower percentages of time engaged in social behavior than those at Dazhaizi. These differences may be due to their smaller home range and unusual group composition caused by habitat fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyong Ni
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meng Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625014, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Cyril C Grueter
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Xuelong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huailiang Xu
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongfang Yao
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingwang Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiandong Yang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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16
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Jung L, Mourthe I, Grelle CEV, Strier KB, Boubli JP. Effects of Local Habitat Variation on the Behavioral Ecology of Two Sympatric Groups of Brown Howler Monkey (Alouatta clamitans). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129789. [PMID: 26147203 PMCID: PMC4492992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the brown howler monkey (Alouatta clamitans) is a relatively well-studied Neotropical primate, its behavioral and dietary flexibility at the intra-population level remains poorly documented. This study presents data collected on the behavior and ecology of two closely located groups of brown howlers during the same period at the RPPN Feliciano Miguel Abdala in southeastern Brazil. One group occupied a primary valley habitat, henceforth the Valley Group (VG), and the other group occupied a regenerating hillside habitat, the Hill Group (HG). We hypothesized differences in the behavior and ecological parameters between these sympatric groups due to the predicted harsher conditions on the hillside, compared to the valley. We measured several habitat parameters within the home range of both groups and collected data on the activity budget, diet and day range lengths, from August to November 2005, between dawn and dusk. In total, behavioral data were collected for 26 (318 h) and 28 (308 h) sampling days for VG and HG, respectively. As we predicted, HG spent significantly more time feeding and consumed less fruit and more leaves than VG, consistent with our finding that the hillside habitat was of lower quality. However, HG also spent less time resting and more time travelling than VG, suggesting that the monkeys had to expend more time and energy to obtain high-energy foods, such as fruits and flowers that were more widely spaced in their hill habitat. Our results revealed that different locations in this forest vary in quality and raise the question of how different groups secure their home ranges. Fine-grained comparisons such as this are important to prioritize conservation and management areas within a reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Jung
- Thuringian State Institute of Agriculture, Jena, Germany
| | - Italo Mourthe
- Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlos E. V. Grelle
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Karen B. Strier
- Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jean P. Boubli
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
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17
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Helenbrook WD, Wade SE, Shields WM, Stehman SV, Whipps CM. Gastrointestinal Parasites of Ecuadorian Mantled Howler Monkeys (Alouatta palliata aequatorialis) Based on Fecal Analysis. J Parasitol 2015; 101:341-50. [PMID: 25686475 DOI: 10.1645/13-356.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
An analysis of gastrointestinal parasites of Ecuadorian mantled howler monkeys, Alouatta palliata aequatorialis, was conducted based on examination of fecal smears, flotations, and sedimentations. At least 1 type of parasite was detected in 97% of the 96 fecal samples screened across 19 howler monkey groups using these techniques. Samples averaged 3.6 parasite species per individual (±1.4 SD). Parasites included species representing genera of 2 apicomplexans: Cyclospora sp. (18% of individual samples) and Isospora sp. (3%); 6 other protozoa: Balantidium sp. (9%), Blastocystis sp. (60%), Chilomastix sp. (4%), Dientamoeba sp. (3%), Entamoeba species (56%), Iodamoeba sp. (5%); 4 nematodes: Enterobius sp. (3%), Capillaria sp. (78%), Strongyloides spp. (88%) which included 2 morphotypes, Trypanoxyuris sp. (12%); and the platyhelminth Controrchis sp. (15%). A statistically significant positive correlation was found between group size and each of 3 different estimators of parasite species richness adjusted for sampling effort (ICE: r(2) = 0.24, P = 0.05; Chao2: r(2) = 0.25, P = 0.05, and Jackknife: r(2) = 0.31, P = 0.03). Two significant associations between co-infecting parasites were identified. Based on the prevalence data, individuals infected with Balantidium sp. were more likely to also be infected with Isospora sp. (χ(2) = 6.02, P = 0.01), while individuals harboring Chilomastix sp. were less likely to have Capillaria sp. present (χ(2) = 4.03, P = 0.04).
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Helenbrook
- State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry (SUNY-ESF), Environmental and Forest Biology, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, New York 13210
| | - Susan E Wade
- State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry (SUNY-ESF), Environmental and Forest Biology, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, New York 13210
| | - William M Shields
- State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry (SUNY-ESF), Environmental and Forest Biology, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, New York 13210
| | - Stephen V Stehman
- State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry (SUNY-ESF), Environmental and Forest Biology, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, New York 13210
| | - Christopher M Whipps
- State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry (SUNY-ESF), Environmental and Forest Biology, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, New York 13210
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18
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Terhune CE, Cooke SB, Otárola-Castillo E. Form and Function in the Platyrrhine Skull: A Three-Dimensional Analysis of Dental and TMJ Morphology. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2014; 298:29-47. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire E. Terhune
- Department of Anthropology; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville Arkansas
| | - Siobhán B. Cooke
- Department of Anthropology; Northeastern Illinois University; Chicago Illinois
- New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology Morphometrics Group; New York New York
| | - Erik Otárola-Castillo
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology; Iowa State University; Ames Iowa
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts
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19
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Huang Z, Huang C, Tang C, Huang L, Tang H, Ma G, Zhou Q. Dietary adaptations of Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis) in limestone forests in Southwest China. Am J Primatol 2014; 77:171-85. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghao Huang
- School of Life Sciences; South China Normal University; Guangzhou China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology; Guangxi Normal University; Guilin China
| | - Chengming Huang
- National Zoological Museum; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Chuangbin Tang
- College of Forest Resources and Environment; Nanjing Forestry University; Nanjing China
| | - Libin Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology; Guangxi Normal University; Guilin China
| | - Huaxing Tang
- The Administration of Nonggang Nature Reserve; Chongzuo China
| | - Guangzhi Ma
- School of Life Sciences; South China Normal University; Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Institute of Science and Technology; Zhuhai China
| | - Qihai Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology; Guangxi Normal University; Guilin China
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20
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Amato KR, Garber PA. Nutrition and foraging strategies of the black howler monkey (Alouatta pigra) in Palenque National Park, Mexico. Am J Primatol 2014; 76:774-87. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R. Amato
- Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
- Department of Anthropology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
| | - Paul A. Garber
- Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
- Department of Anthropology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
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21
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Deane A. Platyrrhine incisors and diet. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2012; 148:249-61. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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Dunn JC, Asensio N, Arroyo-Rodríguez V, Schnitzer S, Cristóbal-Azkarate J. The Ranging Costs of a Fallback Food: Liana Consumption Supplements Diet but Increases Foraging Effort in Howler Monkeys. Biotropica 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2012.00856.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Victor Arroyo-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Paisajes Fragmentados; Edificio Sur; Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Michoacán; Morelia; Mexico
| | - Stefan Schnitzer
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Wisconsin; Milwaukee; Wisconsin; U.S.A
| | - Jurgi Cristóbal-Azkarate
- Laboratorio de Salud de Fauna Silvestre; Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales; Universidad Veracruzana; Siete de Enero #12; Col. Felipe Carrillo Puerto; Xalapa; CP 91080; Veracruz; Mexico
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23
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Palma AC, Vélez A, Gómez-Posada C, López H, Zárate DA, Stevenson PR. Use of space, activity patterns, and foraging behavior of red howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus) in an Andean forest fragment in Colombia. Am J Primatol 2011; 73:1062-71. [PMID: 21710630 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Howler monkeys are among the most studied primates in the Neotropics, however, behavioral studies including estimation of food availability in Andean forests are scarce. During 12 months we studied habitat use, behavior, and feeding ecology of two groups of red howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus) in an isolated fragment in the Colombian Andes. We used a combination of focal animal and instantaneous sampling. We estimated fruit production (FP) using phenology transects, and calculated young leaf abundance by observing marked trees. The home range area used by each group was 10.5 and 16.7 ha and daily distances traveled were 431 ± 228 and 458 ± 259 m, respectively. We found that both groups spent most of their time resting (62-64%). Resting time did not increase with leaf consumption as expected using a strategy of energy minimization. We did not find a relationship between daily distances traveled and leaf consumption. However, howlers consumed fruits according to their availability, and the production of young leaves did not predict feeding time on this resource. Overall, our results are similar to those found on other forest types. We found that despite limited FP in Andean forests, this did not lead to a higher intake of leaves, longer resting periods, or shorter traveling distances for red howlers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Palma
- Centro de Investigaciones Ecológicas La Macarena Universidad de Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia.
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24
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Dias PAD, Rangel-Negrín A, Canales-Espinosa D. Effects of lactation on the time-budgets and foraging patterns of female black howlers (Alouatta pigra). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2011; 145:137-46. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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25
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Identifying Sykes’ monkeys’, Cercopithecus albogularis erythrarchus, axes of fear through patch use. Anim Behav 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Irwin MT, Junge RE, Raharison JL, Samonds KE. Variation in physiological health of diademed sifakas across intact and fragmented forest at Tsinjoarivo, Eastern Madagascar. Am J Primatol 2011; 72:1013-25. [PMID: 20872787 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
As undisturbed habitat becomes increasingly rare, managers charged with ensuring the survival of endangered primate species must increasingly utilize disturbed and degraded habitats in species survival plans. Yet we have an imperfect understanding of the true long-term viability of primate populations in disturbed habitat, and census data can be misleading because density is not necessarily correlated with habitat quality and population viability in predictable ways. Here we present clinical laboratory data on hematology, serum biochemistry, fat-soluble vitamins, minerals, iron analytes, viral serology, and parasitology of diademed sifaka (Propithecus diadema), derived from the capture of 26 individuals spanning eight groups and two habitats (undisturbed vs. disturbed and fragmented) at Tsinjoarivo, Madagascar. Blood from fragment individuals had significantly lower values for several factors: white blood cell counts, bilirubin, total protein, albumin, calcium, sodium, chloride, manganese, zinc, iron and total iron-binding capacity. Several biochemical variables were higher in immature individuals, probably due to active growth. The large number of interhabitat differences suggests that habitat disturbance has an impact on physiological health within this population, perhaps reflecting dietary stress and/or immunosuppression. These results, combined with previous data showing altered diet, slower juvenile growth, and reduced activity in disturbed forest fragments, suggest that fragment sifakas may be less healthy than continuous forest groups. Finally, Tsinjoarivo sifakas have extremely low blood urea nitrogen (perhaps reflecting protein limitation) and selenium levels relative to other lemurs. Despite their survival and reproduction in the short term in fragments, these sifakas may represent a riskier conservation investment than conspecifics in undisturbed forest, and may be more susceptible to environmental stressors. However, more data on the fitness consequences of these biochemical differences are needed for a better interpretation of their impacts on long-term viability prospects.
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27
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Dunn JC, Cristóbal-Azkarate J, Veà JJ. Seasonal Variations in the Diet and Feeding Effort of Two Groups of Howlers in Different Sized Forest Fragments. INT J PRIMATOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-010-9436-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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28
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29
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Boyle SA, Smith AT. Behavioral modifications in northern bearded saki monkeys (Chiropotes satanas chiropotes) in forest fragments of central Amazonia. Primates 2009; 51:43-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s10329-009-0169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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30
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Zhou Q, Huang Z, Wei X, Wei F, Huang C. Factors Influencing Interannual and Intersite Variability in the Diet of Trachypithecus francoisi. INT J PRIMATOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-009-9362-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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31
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Li Y, Ding P, Huang C, Jiang P, Wood C. Dietary Response of a Group of François' LangurTrachypithecus francoisiin a Fragmented Habitat in the County of Fusui, China: Implications for Conservation. WILDLIFE BIOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.2981/08-006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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32
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Irwin MT, Raharison JL, Wright PC. Spatial and temporal variability in predation on rainforest primates: do forest fragmentation and predation act synergistically? Anim Conserv 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2009.00243.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Muchlinski MN. Ecological correlates of infraorbital foramen area in primates. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2009; 141:131-41. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Seasonal Variations in the Activity Budget of Nomascus concolor jingdongensis at Mt. Wuliang, Central Yunnan, China: Effects of Diet and Temperature. INT J PRIMATOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-008-9256-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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Urquiza-Haas T, Serio-Silva JC, Hernández-Salazar LT. Traditional nutritional analyses of figs overestimates intake of most nutrient fractions: a study ofFicus perforata consumed by howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata mexicana). Am J Primatol 2008; 70:432-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2007] [Revised: 11/06/2007] [Accepted: 11/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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36
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Wieczkowski J, Kinnaird M. Shifting forest composition and primate diets: a 13-year comparison of the Tana River mangabey and its habitat. Am J Primatol 2008; 70:339-48. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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37
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Bezanson M, Garber PA, Murphy JT, Premo LS. Patterns of subgrouping and spatial affiliation in a community of mantled howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata). Am J Primatol 2008; 70:282-93. [PMID: 17894404 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Studies of social affiliation and social spacing offer important insight into the dynamics of subgroup formation and social strategies in living primates. Among the 11 species in the genus Alouatta, mantled howlers (A. palliata) are the only species to consistently form large, stable social groups composed of several adult males and several adult females. In this study, we examine patterns of subgrouping, activity, and partner preferences in a troop of 26-29 wild mantled howling monkeys (including 12-13 marked individuals) inhabiting Isla de Ometepe, Nicaragua. During two study seasons in 2000 and 2001, we simultaneously monitored the size, composition, and activities of individuals in two to three different subgroups. A half-weight association index was used to calculate partner preferences and patterns of spatial association. Results indicate that our howler study troop fragmented into subgroups of 1-20 with subgroups averaging five and six individuals. Subgroup size and membership reflected individual patterns of social affiliation and social tolerance, and in general remained consistent across activities and from year to year. We also found evidence of cliques or social networks of three to four individuals embedded within larger subgroups. A small number of adult males appeared to play an important social role as the nucleus of clique formation. We argue that the persistence of strong male-male and male-female partner preferences in mantled howlers helps to explain the stability of relatively large multimale-multifemale groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Bezanson
- Department of Anthropology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California 95053-1500, USA.
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38
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Irwin MT. Diademed Sifaka (Propithecus diadema) Ranging and Habitat Use in Continuous and Fragmented Forest: Higher Density but Lower Viability in Fragments? Biotropica 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2007.00368.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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39
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Tree species diversity and structure characters in the habitats of black-crested gibbons (Nomascus concolor). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2032(07)60089-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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40
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Ortiz-Martínez T, Rico-Gray V. SPIDER MONKEYS (ATELES GEOFFROYI VELLEROSUS) IN A TROPICAL DECIDUOUS FOREST IN TEHUANTEPEC, OAXACA, MEXICO. SOUTHWEST NAT 2007. [DOI: 10.1894/0038-4909(2007)52[393:smagvi]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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41
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Giraldo P, Gómez-Posada C, Martínez J, Kattan G. Resource Use and Seed Dispersal by Red Howler Monkeys (Alouatta seniculus) in a Colombian Andean Forest. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1896/044.014.0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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42
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Activity budget and ranging patterns of Colobus vellerosus in forest fragments in central Ghana. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 78:245-54. [PMID: 17510557 DOI: 10.1159/000102320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2006] [Accepted: 01/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The forest fragments surrounding the 192-ha Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (BFMS) in central Ghana contain small populations of Colobus vellerosus. Data were collected on activity budget, ranging patterns and habitat use of 3 groups living in these small fragments in August-November 2003, and compared to 3 BFMS groups. Fragment groups spent less time moving and more time resting than BFMS groups. Home ranges of fragment groups tended to be smaller than those of BFMS groups. Fragment and BFMS groups used similarly sized trees. Comparisons of activity budget and ranging between fragments and the BFMS suggest that fragment habitat quality was sufficient to sustain current numbers. These behavioral trends are consistent with a concurrent study that we conducted investigating ecological quality in the same fragments.
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43
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Irwin MT. Living in forest fragments reduces group cohesion in diademed sifakas (Propithecus diadema) in eastern Madagascar by reducing food patch size. Am J Primatol 2007; 69:434-47. [PMID: 17146794 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Forest fragmentation is thought to threaten primate populations, yet the mechanisms by which this occurs remain largely unknown. However, fragmentation is known to cause dietary shifts in several primate species, and links between food resource distribution and within-group spatial dynamics are well documented. Thus, fragmentation has the potential to indirectly affect spatial dynamics, and these changes may present additional stresses to fragmented populations. I present the results from a 12-month study of Propithecus diadema at Tsinjoarivo, eastern Madagascar, including two groups in fragments and two in continuous forest. Instantaneous data on activity and spatial position were collected during all-day focal animal follows. Fragment groups had much lower cohesion, being more likely to have no neighbor within 5 and 10 m. For continuous forest groups, cohesion was highest in the rainy season (when food patches are large) and lowest in winter (when the animals rely on small-crowned mistletoes), and the chance of having no neighbor within 5 m was positively correlated with mistletoe consumption. Thus their decreased cohesion in fragment groups is inferred to result from their increased reliance on mistletoes and other small resources, which causes them to spread out among multiple patches. This scenario is consistent with the reduced body mass of subordinate individuals (males and immatures) in fragments, and suggests the occurrence of steeper within-group fitness gradients. Further research is necessary to determine whether these patterns apply to other primates; however, since fragmentation tends to cause the loss of the largest trees, many primates in fragments may lose their largest food resources and undergo similar behavioral shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell T Irwin
- Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Sciences, Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.
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44
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Flexibility in Diet and Activity Patterns of Macaca tonkeana in Response to Anthropogenic Habitat Alteration. INT J PRIMATOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-006-9104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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45
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Anzures-Dadda A, Manson RH. Patch- and landscape-scale effects on howler monkey distribution and abundance in rainforest fragments. Anim Conserv 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2006.00074.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cristóbal-Azkarate J, Arroyo-Rodríguez V. Diet and activity pattern of howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) in Los Tuxtlas, Mexico: effects of habitat fragmentation and implications for conservation. Am J Primatol 2007; 69:1013-29. [PMID: 17330311 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Accelerated deforestation is causing the rapid loss and fragmentation of primary habitat for primates. Although the genus Alouatta is one of the most studied primate taxa under these circumstances, some results are contradictory and responses of howlers to habitat fragmentation are not yet clear. In this paper, we conduct a cross-study of the available researches on mantled howlers (Alouatta palliata) in forest fragments in Los Tuxtlas, Mexico, to (1) describe the diet and activity pattern of howlers; (2) analyze the similarity in the diet across studies; and (3) relate both fragment size and howler population density with different characteristics of their diet, home range size, and activity pattern. Howlers consumed 181 plant species belonging to 54 families. Ficus was the most important taxa in the howlers' diet, followed by primary species such as Pterocarpus rohrii, Nectandra ambigens, Poulsenia armata, and Brosimum alicastrum. Secondary and non-secondary light-demanding plant species, which are representatives of disturbed habitat, contributed with a high percentage of their feeding time. Only 23% of the species consumed were the same across all the studies, suggesting that howlers adapt their diet to the food availability of their respective habitats. Population density is the best predictor of howlers' ecological and behavioral changes in response to forest fragmentation, probably owing to its relationship with food availability. Howlers respond to the increase in population densities by increasing the (1) diversity of food species in the diet; (2) consumption of non-tree growth forms; and (3) consumption of new plant items. Home range size is also predicted by population density, but fragment size is a better predictor, probably owing to the fact that howler groups can overlap their home ranges. Our results emphasize the importance of conserving the larger fragments and increasing the size of small and medium-sized ones.
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Zhou Q, Wei F, Li M, Huang C, Luo B. Diet and Food Choice of Trachypithecus francoisi in the Nonggang Nature Reserve, China. INT J PRIMATOL 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-006-9082-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Muñoz D, Estrada A, Naranjo E, Ochoa S. Foraging ecology of howler monkeys in a cacao (Theobroma cacao) plantation in Comalcalco, Mexico. Am J Primatol 2006; 68:127-42. [PMID: 16429417 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that primate populations may persist in neotropical fragmented landscapes by using arboreal agroecosystems, which may provide temporary habitats, increased areas of vegetation, and connectivity, among other benefits. However, limited data are available on how primates are able to sustain themselves in such manmade habitats. We report the results of a 9-month-long investigation of the feeding ecology of a troop of howler monkeys (n = 24) that have lived for the past 25 years in a 12-ha cacao plantation in the lowlands of Tabasco, Mexico. A vegetation census indicated the presence of 630 trees (> or =20 cm diameter at breast height (DBH)) of 32 shade species in the plantation. The howlers used 16 plant species (13 of which were trees) as sources of leaves, fruits, and flowers. Five shade tree species (Ficus cotinifolia, Pithecellobium saman, Gliricidia sepium, F. obtusifolia, and Ficus sp.) accounted for slightly over 80% of the total feeding time and 78% of the total number trees (n = 139) used by the howlers, and were consistently used by the howlers from month to month. The howlers spent an average of 51% of their monthly feeding time exploiting young leaves, 29% exploiting mature fruit, and 20% exploiting flowers and other plant items. Monthly consumption of young leaves varied from 23% to 67%, and monthly consumption of ripe fruit varied from 12% to 64%. Differences in the protein-to-fiber ratio of young vs. mature leaves influenced diet selection by the monkeys. The howlers used 8.3 ha of the plantation area, and on average traveled 388 m per day in each month. The howlers preferred tree species whose contribution to the total tree biomass and density was above average for the shade-tree population in the plantation. Given the right conditions of management and protection, shaded arboreal plantations in fragmented landscapes can sustain segments of howler monkey populations for many decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Muñoz
- Programa de Posgrado, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico
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Wong SNP, Saj TL, Sicotte P. Comparison of habitat quality and diet of Colobus vellerosus in forest fragments in Ghana. Primates 2006; 47:365-73. [PMID: 16799747 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-006-0186-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2005] [Accepted: 02/07/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The forest fragments surrounding the Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (BFMS) in central Ghana shelter small populations of Colobus vellerosus. Little is known about these populations or the ability of the fragments to support them, despite the fact that these fragments represent potentially important habitat for the colobus in this region. We compared the diet of three groups of C. vellerosus in the fragments to two groups in BFMS. We also examined the differences in plant species composition and food abundance among fragments. The study took place from June to November 2003. Dietary data were collected using scan sampling. Plant species composition and food abundance were evaluated using tree plots and large tree surveys. As in BFMS groups, leaves constituted the highest proportion of the diet of fragment groups, yet the colobus in fragments fed on more lianas than did those in BFMS. Over 50% of all species observed eaten by colobus in the fragments were not consumed in BFMS groups during the same season. Food abundance was similar between fragments and BFMS, although species composition differed. There was no relationship between the density of colobus and the density of food trees or percentage of food species, suggesting that other factors may be influencing the number of colobus present. This study highlights the broad dietary range of C. vellerosus, which may be a factor allowing its survival in these fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N P Wong
- Department of Anthropology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, Canada.
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Feeley KJ, Terborgh JW. HABITAT FRAGMENTATION AND EFFECTS OF HERBIVORE (HOWLER MONKEY) ABUNDANCES ON BIRD SPECIES RICHNESS. Ecology 2006; 87:144-50. [PMID: 16634305 DOI: 10.1890/05-0652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation can alter herbivore abundances, potentially causing changes in the plant community that can propagate through the food web and eventually influence other important taxonomic groups such as birds. Here we test the relationship between the density of red howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus) and bird species richness on a large set of recently isolated land-bridge islands in Lago Guri, Venezuela (n = 29 islands). Several of these islands host relict populations of howler monkeys at densities up to more than 30 times greater than those on the mainland. These "hyperabundant" herbivores previously have been shown to have a strong positive influence on aboveground plant productivity. We predicted that this should lead to a positive, indirect effect of howler monkey density on bird species richness. After accounting for passive sampling (the tendency for species richness to be positively associated with island area, regardless of differences in habitat quality) we found a significant positive correlation between howler monkey density and bird species richness. A path analysis incorporating data on tree growth rates from a subset of islands (n = 9) supported the hypothesis that the effect of howler monkeys on the resident bird communities is indirect and is mediated through changes in plant productivity and habitat quality. These results highlight the potential for disparate taxonomic groups to be related through indirect interactions and trophic cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J Feeley
- Departament of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.
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