1
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Profiling of gene expression in the brain associated with anxiety-related behaviors in the chronic phase following cranial irradiation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13162. [PMID: 35915120 PMCID: PMC9343641 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17310-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the brain is exposed to cranial irradiation in many clinical contexts, including malignant brain tumor therapy, such exposure can cause delayed neuropsychiatric disorders in the chronic phase. However, how specific molecular mechanisms are associated with irradiation-induced behavioral dysfunction, especially anxiety-like behaviors, is unclear. In the present study, we evaluated anxiety-like behaviors in adult C57BL/6 mice using the open-field (OF) and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests 3 months following single cranial irradiation (10 Gy). Additionally, by using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), we analyzed gene expression profiles in the cortex and hippocampus of the adult brain to demonstrate the molecular mechanisms of radiation-induced brain dysfunction. In the OF and EPM tests, mice treated with radiation exhibited increased anxiety-like behaviors in the chronic phase. Gene expression analysis by RNA-seq revealed 89 and 106 differentially expressed genes in the cortex and hippocampus, respectively, following cranial irradiation. Subsequently, ClueGO and STRING analyses clustered these genes in pathways related to protein kinase activity, circadian behavior, and cell differentiation. Based on our expression analysis, we suggest that behavioral dysfunction following cranial irradiation is associated with altered expression of Cdkn1a, Ciart, Fos, Hspa5, Hspb1 and Klf10. These novel findings may provide potential genetic targets to investigate for the development of radioprotective agents.
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2
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Li HW, Tang SL. Colony Stimulating Factor-1 and its Receptor in Gastrointestinal Malignant Tumors. J Cancer 2021; 12:7111-7119. [PMID: 34729112 PMCID: PMC8558652 DOI: 10.7150/jca.60379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal malignant tumor is the fourth most common cancer in the world and the second cause of cancer death. Due to the susceptibility to lymphatic metastasis and liver metastasis, the prognosis of advanced tumor patients is still poor till now. With the development of tumor molecular biology, the tumor microenvironment and the cytokines, which are closely related to the proliferation, infiltration and metastasis, have become a research hotspot in life sciences. Colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1), a polypeptide chain cytokine, and its receptor CSF-1R are reported to play important roles in regulating tumor-associated macrophages in tumor microenvironment and participating in the occurrence and development in diversities of cancers. Targeted inhibition of the CSF-1/CSF-1R signal axis has broad application prospects in cancer immunotherapy. Here, we reviewed the biological characters of CSF-1/CSF-1R and their relationship with gastrointestinal malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wu Li
- General Surgery Department, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China, 110032
| | - Shi-Lei Tang
- General Surgery Department, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China, 110032
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3
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Parasar P, Guru N, Nayak NR. Contribution of macrophages to fetomaternal immunological tolerance. Hum Immunol 2021; 82:325-331. [PMID: 33715911 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The semi-allogeneic fetus develops in a uniquely immune tolerant environment within the uterus. For successful pregnancy, both the innate and adaptive immune systems must favor acceptance of the fetal allograft. Macrophages are the second most abundant immune cells after natural killer (NK) cells in the decidua. In coordination with decidual NK cells and dendritic cells, macrophages aid in implantation, vascular remodeling, placental development, immune tolerance to placental cells, and maintenance of tissue homeostasis at the maternal-fetal interface. Decidual macrophages show the classical activated (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) phenotypes under the influence of the local milieu of growth factors and cytokines, and appropriate temporal regulation of the M1/M2 switch is vital for successful pregnancy. Disturbances in the mechanisms that control the M1/M2 balance and associated functions during pregnancy can trigger a spectrum of pregnancy complications ranging from preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction to preterm delivery. This review addresses various mechanisms of tolerance, focusing on the basic biology of macrophages, their plasticity and polarization, and their protective roles at the immune-privileged maternal-fetal interface, including direct and indirect roles in promoting fetomaternal immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Parasar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States; Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, United States.
| | - N Guru
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - N R Nayak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64108, United States
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4
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Liu W, Di Q, Li K, Li J, Ma N, Huang Z, Chen J, Zhang S, Zhang W, Zhang Y. The synergistic role of Pu.1 and Fms in zebrafish osteoclast-reducing osteopetrosis and possible therapeutic strategies. J Genet Genomics 2020; 47:535-546. [PMID: 33184003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are bone resorption cells of myeloid origin. Osteoclast defects can lead to osteopetrosis, a genetic disorder characterized by bone sclerosis for which there is no effective drug treatment. It is known that Pu.1 and Fms are key regulators in myelopoiesis, and their defects in mice can lead to reduced osteoclast numbers and consequent osteopetrosis. Yet how Pu.1 and Fms genetically interact in the development of osteoclasts and the pathogenesis of osteopetrosis is still unclear. Here, we characterized pu.1G242D;fmsj4e1 double-deficient zebrafish, which exhibited a greater deficiency of functional osteoclasts and displayed more severe osteopetrotic symptoms than the pu.1G242D or fmsj4e1 single mutants, suggesting a synergistic function of Pu.1 and Fms in the regulation of osteoclast development. We further demonstrated that Pu.1 plays a dominant role in osteoclastogenesis, whereas Fms plays a dominant role in osteoclast maturation. Importantly, treatment with the drug retinoic acid significantly relieved the different degrees of osteopetrosis symptoms in these models by increasing the number of functional osteoclasts. Thus, we report the development of valuable animal models of osteopetrosis, and our results shed light on drug development for antiosteopetrosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qianqian Di
- Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Kailun Li
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhibin Huang
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yiyue Zhang
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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5
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Abstract
Fetal neurodevelopment in utero is profoundly shaped by both systemic maternal immunity and local processes at the maternal-fetal interface. Immune pathways are a critical participant in the normal physiology of pregnancy and perturbations of maternal immunity due to infections during this period have been increasingly linked to a diverse array of poor neurological outcomes, including diseases that manifest much later in postnatal life. While experimental models of maternal immune activation (MIA) have provided groundbreaking characterizations of the maternal pathways underlying pathogenesis, less commonly examined are the immune factors that serve pathogen-independent developmental functions in the embryo and fetus. In this review, we explore what is known about the in vivo role of immune factors in fetal neurodevelopment during normal pregnancy and provide an overview of how MIA perturbs the proper orchestration of this sequence of events. Finally, we discuss how the dysregulation of immune factors may contribute to the manifestation of a variety of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Lu-Culligan
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06519, USA
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06519, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06519, USA; .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06519, USA
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6
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Jena MK, Nayak N, Chen K, Nayak NR. Role of Macrophages in Pregnancy and Related Complications. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2019; 67:295-309. [PMID: 31286151 PMCID: PMC7140981 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-019-00552-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages (MФs) are the leukocytes produced from differentiation of monocytes and are located in almost all tissues of human body. They are involved in various processes, such as phagocytosis, innate and adaptive immunity, proinflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) activity, depending on the tissue microenvironment. They play a crucial role in pregnancy, and their dysfunction or alteration of polarity is involved in pregnancy disorders, like preeclampsia, recurrent spontaneous abortion, infertility, intrauterine growth restriction, and preterm labor. About 50-60% of decidual leukocytes are natural killer (NK) cells followed by MФs (the second largest population). MФs are actively involved in trophoblast invasion, tissue and vascular remodeling during early pregnancy, besides their role as major antigen-presenting cells in the decidua. These cells have different phenotypes and polarities in different stages of pregnancy. They have also been observed to enhance tumor growth by their anti-inflammatory activity (M2 type) and prevent immunogenic rejection. Targeted alteration of polarity (M1-M2 or vice versa) could be a major focus in the future treatment of pregnancy complications. This review is focused on the role of MФs in pregnancy, their involvement in pregnancy disorders, and decidual MФs as possible therapeutic targets for the treatment of pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Jena
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University (LPU), Phagwara, Punjab, India.
| | - Neha Nayak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Nihar R Nayak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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7
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Taye M, Lee W, Caetano-Anolles K, Dessie T, Hanotte O, Mwai OA, Kemp S, Cho S, Oh SJ, Lee HK, Kim H. Whole genome detection of signature of positive selection in African cattle reveals selection for thermotolerance. Anim Sci J 2017; 88:1889-1901. [PMID: 28748670 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As African indigenous cattle evolved in a hot tropical climate, they have developed an inherent thermotolerance; survival mechanisms include a light-colored and shiny coat, increased sweating, and cellular and molecular mechanisms to cope with high environmental temperature. Here, we report the positive selection signature of genes in African cattle breeds which contribute for their heat tolerance mechanisms. We compared the genomes of five indigenous African cattle breeds with the genomes of four commercial cattle breeds using cross-population composite likelihood ratio (XP-CLR) and cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity (XP-EHH) statistical methods. We identified 296 (XP-EHH) and 327 (XP-CLR) positively selected genes. Gene ontology analysis resulted in 41 biological process terms and six Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Several genes and pathways were found to be involved in oxidative stress response, osmotic stress response, heat shock response, hair and skin properties, sweat gland development and sweating, feed intake and metabolism, and reproduction functions. The genes and pathways identified directly or indirectly contribute to the superior heat tolerance mechanisms in African cattle populations. The result will improve our understanding of the biological mechanisms of heat tolerance in African cattle breeds and opens an avenue for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengistie Taye
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Wonseok Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kelsey Caetano-Anolles
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tadelle Dessie
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Olivier Hanotte
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,The University of Nottingham, School of Life Sciences, Nottingham, UK
| | - Okeyo Ally Mwai
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Stephen Kemp
- The Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK.,International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Seoae Cho
- C&K genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Jong Oh
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju, Korea
| | - Hak-Kyo Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, The Animal Molecular Genetics & Breeding Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Heebal Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,C&K genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
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8
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Potter EA, Dolgova EV, Proskurina AS, Efremov YR, Minkevich AM, Rozanov AS, Peltek SE, Nikolin VP, Popova NA, Seledtsov IA, Molodtsov VV, Zavyalov EL, Taranov OS, Baiborodin SI, Ostanin AA, Chernykh ER, Kolchanov NA, Bogachev SS. Gene expression profiling of tumor-initiating stem cells from mouse Krebs-2 carcinoma using a novel marker of poorly differentiated cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:9425-9441. [PMID: 28031533 PMCID: PMC5354742 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the ability of poorly differentiated cells to natively internalize fragments of extracellular double-stranded DNA as a marker, we isolated a tumorigenic subpopulation present in Krebs-2 ascites that demonstrated the features of tumor-inducing cancer stem cells. Having combined TAMRA-labeled DNA probe and the power of RNA-seq technology, we identified a set of 168 genes specifically expressed in TAMRA-positive cells (tumor-initiating stem cells), these genes remaining silent in TAMRA-negative cancer cells. TAMRA+ cells displayed gene expression signatures characteristic of both stem cells and cancer cells. The observed expression differences between TAMRA+ and TAMRA- cells were validated by Real Time PCR. The results obtained corroborated the biological data that TAMRA+ murine Krebs-2 tumor cells are tumor-initiating stem cells. The approach developed can be applied to profile any poorly differentiated cell types that are capable of immanent internalization of double-stranded DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A. Potter
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Evgenia V. Dolgova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Anastasia S. Proskurina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yaroslav R. Efremov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Alexandra M. Minkevich
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Aleksey S. Rozanov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Sergey E. Peltek
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Valeriy P. Nikolin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Nelly A. Popova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | | | - Vladimir V. Molodtsov
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Softberry Inc., New York 10549, USA
| | - Evgeniy L Zavyalov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Oleg S. Taranov
- The State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk 630559, Russia
| | - Sergey I. Baiborodin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Ostanin
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk 630099, Russia
| | - Elena R. Chernykh
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk 630099, Russia
| | - Nikolay A. Kolchanov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Sergey S. Bogachev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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9
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Sapi E. The Role of CSF-1 in Normal Physiology of Mammary Gland and Breast Cancer: An Update. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 229:1-11. [PMID: 14709771 DOI: 10.1177/153537020422900101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colony stimulating factor (CSF-1) and its receptor (CSF-1R, product of c-fms proto-oncogene) were initially implicated as essential for normal monocyte development as well as for trophoblastic implantation. However, studies have demonstrated that CSF-1 and CSF-1R have additional roles in mammary gland development during pregnancy and lactation. This apparent role for CSF-1/CSF-1R in normal mammary gland development is very intriguing because this receptor/ligand pair has also been found to be important in the biology of breast cancer in which abnormal expression of CSF-1 and its receptor correlates with tumor cell invasiveness and adverse clinical prognosis. Recent findings also implicate tumor-produced CSF-1 in promotion of bone metastasis in breast cancer, and a certain membrane-associated form of CSF-1 appears to induce immunity against tumors. This review aims to summarize recent findings on the role of CSF-1 and its receptor in normal and neoplastic mammary development that may elucidate potential relationships of growth factor–induced biological changes in the breast during pregnancy and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Sapi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8040, USA.
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10
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Feng X, Jopson TD, Paladini MS, Liu S, West BL, Gupta N, Rosi S. Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor blockade prevents fractionated whole-brain irradiation-induced memory deficits. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:215. [PMID: 27576527 PMCID: PMC5006433 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0671-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms and brain metastases are routinely treated with whole-brain radiation. Long-term survival occurs in many patients, but their quality of life is severely affected by the development of cognitive deficits, and there is no treatment to prevent these adverse effects. Neuroinflammation, associated with activation of brain-resident microglia and infiltrating monocytes, plays a pivotal role in loss of neurological function and has been shown to be associated with acute and long-term effects of brain irradiation. Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R) signaling is essential for the survival and differentiation of microglia and monocytes. Here, we tested the effects of CSF-1R blockade by PLX5622 on cognitive function in mice treated with three fractions of 3.3 Gy whole-brain irradiation. Methods Young adult C57BL/6J mice were given three fractions of 3.3 Gy whole-brain irradiation while they were on diet supplemented with PLX5622, and the effects on periphery monocyte accumulation, microglia numbers, and neuronal functions were assessed. Results The mice developed hippocampal-dependent cognitive deficits at 1 and 3 months after they received fractionated whole-brain irradiation. The impaired cognitive function correlated with increased number of periphery monocyte accumulation in the CNS and decreased dendritic spine density in hippocampal granule neurons. PLX5622 treatment caused temporary reduction of microglia numbers, inhibited monocyte accumulation in the brain, and prevented radiation-induced cognitive deficits. Conclusions Blockade of CSF-1R by PLX5622 prevents fractionated whole-brain irradiation-induced memory deficits. Therapeutic targeting of CSF-1R may provide a new avenue for protection from radiation-induced memory deficits. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0671-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Feng
- Brain and Spinal Injury Center, University of California, 1001 Potrero Ave, Bldg. 1, Room 101, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA.,Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Timothy D Jopson
- Brain and Spinal Injury Center, University of California, 1001 Potrero Ave, Bldg. 1, Room 101, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA.,Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maria Serena Paladini
- Brain and Spinal Injury Center, University of California, 1001 Potrero Ave, Bldg. 1, Room 101, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA.,Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sharon Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Nalin Gupta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susanna Rosi
- Brain and Spinal Injury Center, University of California, 1001 Potrero Ave, Bldg. 1, Room 101, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA. .,Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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11
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Yao L, Abe M, Kawasaki K, Akbar SMF, Matsuura B, Onji M, Hiasa Y. Characterization of Liver Monocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Their Role in a Murine Model of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149948. [PMID: 26901500 PMCID: PMC4762771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are potent suppressors of T cell immunity in tumors and inflammatory diseases. They are identified by surface expression of CD11b+Gr1+ in mice, and CD11b+Gr1+ cells accumulate in the livers of obese mice. However, many myeloid cells share these CD11b+Gr1+ markers. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to identify the authentic phenotype of MDSCs and investigate their functions in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). C57BL/6J mice were divided into 2 diet groups: a normal control group and high-fat group to induce NAFLD. We demonstrated that monocytic CD11b+Gr1dim cells could be further divided into 2 populations based on side scatter (SSC) during flow cytometry. We found that SSClowCD11b+Gr1dim cells accumulated in the livers of NAFLD mice over time, and that these cells were recruited by the chemokine CCL2 and its receptor CCR2 and might expand in the liver via macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulation. Furthermore, SSClowCD11b+Gr1dim cells had a strong suppressive ability on T cells; this effect was not observed for SSChighCD11b+Gr1dim cells, and was dependent on nitric oxide production by inducible nitric oxide synthase. Our findings demonstrate that SSClowCD11b+Gr1dim cells represent authentic MDSCs in NAFLD livers, and might serve an important negative feedback function in liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, To-on, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masanori Abe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, To-on, Ehime, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Keitarou Kawasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, To-on, Ehime, Japan
| | | | - Bunzo Matsuura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, To-on, Ehime, Japan
| | - Morikazu Onji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Imabari Saiseikai Medical-Welfare Center, Imabari, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yoichi Hiasa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, To-on, Ehime, Japan
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12
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Kahyaoglu I, Yılmaz N, Timur H, Inal HA, Erkaya S. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor: A relation between serum and follicular fluid levels and in-vitro fertilization outcome in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Cytokine 2015; 74:113-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Rieger AM, Hanington PC, Belosevic M, Barreda DR. Control of CSF-1 induced inflammation in teleost fish by a soluble form of the CSF-1 receptor. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 41:45-51. [PMID: 24726317 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) is the principal regulator of the survival, proliferation, differentiation, and function of macrophages and their precursors, and has been shown to play a role in the etiology of inflammation. We recently identified a novel mechanism for the control of CSF-1 activity in teleost fish, through the production of an inhibitory soluble form of the CSF-1 receptor (sCSF-1R). Primary goldfish kidney macrophages selectively expressed sCSF-1R during the senescence phase, which corresponds to a defined stage of in vitro culture development where inhibition of macrophage proliferation and apoptotic cell death are prominent. In contrast, primary macrophage cultures undergoing active proliferation displayed low levels of sCSF-1R expression. Addition of purified recombinant sCSF-1R to developing primary macrophage cultures leads to a dose-dependent decrease in macrophage proliferation and inhibits macrophage antimicrobial functions including chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and production of reactive oxygen intermediates. Using a goldfish in vivo model of self-resolving peritonitis, we found that sCSF-1R plays a role in the inhibition of inflammation, following an initial acute phase of antimicrobial responses within an inflammatory site. Soluble CSF-1R inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine production, inhibits leukocyte recruitment to the inflammatory site and decreases ROS production in a dose-dependent manner. This sCSF-1R-dependent regulation of inflammation appears to be an elegant mechanism for the control of macrophage numbers at inflammatory sites of lower vertebrates. Overall, our results provide new insights into the evolutionary origins of the CSF-1 immune regulatory axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aja M Rieger
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Miodrag Belosevic
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniel R Barreda
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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The phosphate exporter xpr1b is required for differentiation of tissue-resident macrophages. Cell Rep 2014; 8:1659-1667. [PMID: 25220463 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphate concentration is tightly regulated at the cellular and organismal levels. The first metazoan phosphate exporter, XPR1, was recently identified, but its in vivo function remains unknown. In a genetic screen, we identified a mutation in a zebrafish ortholog of human XPR1, xpr1b. xpr1b mutants lack microglia, the specialized macrophages that reside in the brain, and also displayed an osteopetrotic phenotype characteristic of defects in osteoclast function. Transgenic expression studies indicated that xpr1b acts autonomously in developing macrophages. xpr1b mutants display no gross developmental defects that may arise from phosphate imbalance. We constructed a targeted mutation of xpr1a, a duplicate of xpr1b in the zebrafish genome, to determine whether Xpr1a and Xpr1b have redundant functions. Single mutants for xpr1a were viable, and double mutants for xpr1b;xpr1a were similar to xpr1b single mutants. Our genetic analysis reveals a specific role for the phosphate exporter Xpr1 in the differentiation of tissue macrophages.
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Stromnes IM, Greenberg PD, Hingorani SR. Molecular pathways: myeloid complicity in cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:5157-70. [PMID: 25047706 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-0866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-induced inflammation results in accumulation of myeloid cells. These myeloid cells include progenitors and progeny of monocytes, granulocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. It has become increasingly evident that tumor-dependent factors can condition myeloid cells toward an immunosuppressive and protumorigenic phenotype. Thus, myeloid cells are not simply bystanders in malignancy or barometers of disease burden. Reflecting their dynamic and plastic nature, myeloid cells manifest a continuum of cellular differentiation and are intimately involved at all stages of neoplastic progression. They can promote tumorigenesis through both immune-dependent and -independent mechanisms and can dictate response to therapies. A greater understanding of the inherent plasticity and relationships among myeloid subsets is needed to inform therapeutic targeting. New clinical trials are being designed to modulate the activities of myeloid cells in cancer, which may be essential to maximize the efficacy of both conventional cytotoxic and immune-based therapies for solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res; 20(20); 5157-70. ©2014 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingunn M Stromnes
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington. Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Philip D Greenberg
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington. Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sunil R Hingorani
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington. Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington. Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.
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16
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Proliferation-stimulating effect of colony stimulating factor 2 on porcine trophectoderm cells is mediated by activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88731. [PMID: 24520418 PMCID: PMC3919804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2), also known as granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, facilitates mammalian embryonic development and implantation. However, biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of action of porcine endometrial CSF2 in peri-implantation events have not been elucidated. The aim of present study was to determine changes in cellular activities induced by CSFs and to access CSF2-induced intracellular signaling in porcine primary trophectoderm (pTr) cells. Differences in expression of CSF2 mRNA in endometrium from cyclic and pregnant gilts were evaluated. Endometrial CSF2 mRNA expression increases during the peri-implantation period, Days 10 to 14 of pregnancy, as compared to the estrous cycle. pTr cells obtained in Day 12 of pregnancy were cultured in the presence or absence of CSF2 (20 ng/ml) and LY294002 (20 µM), U0126 (20 µM), rapamycin (20 nM), and SB203580 (20 µM). CSF2 in pTr cell culture medium at 20 ng/ml significantly induced phosphorylation of AKT1, ERK1/2, MTOR, p70RSK and RPS6 protein, but not STAT3 protein. Also, the PI3K specific inhibitor (LY294002) abolished CSF2-induced increases in p-ERK1/2 and p-MTOR proteins, as well as CSF2-induced phosphorylation of AKT1. Changes in proliferation and migration of pTr cells in response to CSF2 were examined in dose- and time-response experiments. CSF2 significantly stimulated pTr cell proliferation and, U0126, rapamycin and LY294002 blocked this CSF2-induced proliferation of pTr cells. Collectively, during the peri-implantation phase of pregnancy in pigs, endometrial CSF2 stimulates proliferation of trophectoderm cells by activation of the PI3K-and ERK1/2 MAPK-dependent MTOR signal transduction cascades.
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Ota K, Jaiswal MK, Ramu S, Jeyendran R, Kwak-Kim J, Gilman-Sachs A, Beaman KD. Expression of a2 vacuolar ATPase in spermatozoa is associated with semen quality and chemokine-cytokine profiles in infertile men. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70470. [PMID: 23936208 PMCID: PMC3728098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A number of laboratory tests have been developed to determine properties of spermatozoa quality but few have been adopted into routine clinical use in place of the WHO semen analysis. We investigated whether Atp6v0a2 (a2 isoform of vacuolar ATPase) is associated with abnormal semen quality and changes in chemokine-cytokine profiles in infertile men. Patients and Methods Semen samples were collected from 35 healthy donors and 35 infertile men at the Andrology laboratory from August 2011 to June 2012. The levels of Atp6v0a2 mRNA and protein, and its localization in spermatozoa were determined. a2NTD (the N-terminal portion of Atp6v0a2) and secreted chemokine-cytokine profiles in seminal fluid were measured. Results Atp6v0a2 protein (P<0.05) and mRNA (P<0.05) in spermatozoa from infertile men were significantly lower than those from fertile men. Fluorescent microscopy revealed that Atp6v0a2 is mainly expressed in the acrosomal region. Infertile men’s seminal fluid had significantly lower G-CSF (P<0.01), GM-CSF (P<0.01), MCP-1 (P<0.05), MIP-1α (P<0.01) and TGF-β1 (P<0.01) levels when compared to the seminal fluid from fertile men. Seminal fluid a2NTD levels were significantly correlated with G-CSF (P<0.01), GM-CSF (P<0.01), MCP-1 (P<0.05), MIP-1α (P<0.01) and TGF-β1 (P<0.01) which are key molecules during the onset of pregnancy. Conclusion These results suggested that a critical level of Atp6v0a2 is required for the fertile spermatozoa and its decreased level in spermatozoa could be used to predict male infertility. This study provides a possibility that Atp6v0a2 could be potentially used as a diagnostic marker for the evaluation of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniaki Ota
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Vernon Hills, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Mukesh Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sivakumar Ramu
- Andrology Laboratory Services, Inc., Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | | | - Joanne Kwak-Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Vernon Hills, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Alice Gilman-Sachs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kenneth D. Beaman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Huynh D, Akçora D, Malaterre J, Chan CK, Dai XM, Bertoncello I, Stanley ER, Ramsay RG. CSF-1 receptor-dependent colon development, homeostasis and inflammatory stress response. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56951. [PMID: 23451116 PMCID: PMC3579891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) receptor (CSF-1R) directly regulates the development of Paneth cells (PC) and influences proliferation and cell fate in the small intestine (SI). In the present study, we have examined the role of CSF-1 and the CSF-1R in the large intestine, which lacks PC, in the steady state and in response to acute inflammation induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). As previously shown in mouse, immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of CSF-1R expression showed that the receptor is baso-laterally expressed on epithelial cells of human colonic crypts, indicating that this expression pattern is shared between species. Colons from Csf1r null and Csf1(op/op) mice were isolated and sectioned for IHC identification of enterocytes, enteroendocrine cells, goblet cells and proliferating cells. Both Csf1r(-/-) and Csf1(op/op) mice were found to have colon defects in enterocytes and enteroendocrine cell fate, with excessive goblet cell staining and reduced cell proliferation. In addition, the gene expression profiles of the cell cycle genes, cyclinD1, c-myc, c-fos, and c-myb were suppressed in Csf1r(-/-) colonic crypt, compared with those of WT mice and the expression of the stem cell marker gene Lgr5 was markedly reduced. However, analysis of the proliferative responses of immortalized mouse colon epithelial cells (lines; Immorto-5 and YAMC) indicated that CSF-1R is not a major regulator of colonocyte proliferation and that its effects on proliferation are indirect. In an examination of the acute inflammatory response, Csf1r(+/-) male mice were protected from the adverse affects of DSS-induced colitis compared with WT mice, while Csf1r(+/-) female mice were significantly less protected. These data indicate that CSF-1R signaling plays an important role in colon homeostasis and stem cell gene expression but that the receptor exacerbates the response to inflammatory challenge in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy Huynh
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Genetics, Latrobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dilara Akçora
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jordane Malaterre
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chee Kai Chan
- Department of Genetics, Latrobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xu-Ming Dai
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ivan Bertoncello
- Department of Pharmacology the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - E. Richard Stanley
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Robert G. Ramsay
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Lédée N, Gridelet V, Ravet S, Jouan C, Gaspard O, Wenders F, Thonon F, Hincourt N, Dubois M, Foidart JM, Munaut C, Perrier d'Hauterive S. Impact of follicular G-CSF quantification on subsequent embryo transfer decisions: a proof of concept study. Hum Reprod 2012; 28:406-13. [PMID: 23223438 PMCID: PMC3545637 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous experiments have shown that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), quantified in the follicular fluid (FF) of individual oocytes, correlates with the potential for an ongoing pregnancy of the corresponding fertilized oocytes among selected transferred embryos. Here we present a proof of concept study aimed at evaluating the impact of including FF G-CSF quantification in the embryo transfer decisions. METHODS FF G-CSF was quantified with the Luminex XMap technology in 523 individual FF samples corresponding to 116 fresh transferred embryos, 275 frozen embryos and 131 destroyed embryos from 78 patients undergoing ICSI. RESULTS Follicular G-CSF was highly predictive of subsequent implantation. The receiving operator characteristics curve methodology showed its higher discriminatory power to predict ongoing pregnancy in multivariate logistic regression analysis for FF G-CSF compared with embryo morphology [0.77 (0.69–0.83), P < 0.001 versus 0.66 (0.58–0.73), P = 0.01)]. Embryos were classified by their FF G-CSF concentration: Class I over 30 pg/ml (a highest positive predictive value for implantation), Class II from 30 to 18.4 pg/ml and Class III <18.4 pg/ml (a highest negative predictive value). Embryos derived from Class I follicles had a significantly higher implantation rate (IR) than those from Class II and III follicles (36 versus 16.6 and 6%, P < 0.001). Embryos derived from Class I follicles with an optimal morphology reached an IR of 54%. Frozen-thawed embryos transfer derived from Class I follicles had an IR of 37% significantly higher than those from Class II and III follicles, respectively, of 8 and 5% (P < 0.001). Thirty-five per cent of the frozen embryos but also 10% of the destroyed embryos were derived from G-CSF Class I follicles. Non-optimal embryos appear to have been transferred in 28% (22/78) of the women, and their pregnancy rate was significantly lower than that of women who received at least one optimal embryo (18 versus 36%, P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Monitoring FF G-CSF for the selection of embryos with a better potential for pregnancy might improve the effectiveness of IVF by reducing the time and cost required for obtaining a pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lédée
- INSERM, U976, F-75475 Paris, France.
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20
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Gow DJ, Garceau V, Kapetanovic R, Sester DP, Fici GJ, Shelly JA, Wilson TL, Hume DA. Cloning and expression of porcine Colony Stimulating Factor-1 (CSF-1) and Colony Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor (CSF-1R) and analysis of the species specificity of stimulation by CSF-1 and Interleukin 34. Cytokine 2012; 60:793-805. [PMID: 22974529 PMCID: PMC3500696 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (CSF-1) controls the survival, differentiation and proliferation of cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system. A second ligand for the CSF-1R, Interleukin 34 (IL-34), has been described, but its physiological role is not yet known. The domestic pig provides an alternative to traditional rodent models for evaluating potential therapeutic applications of CSF-1R agonists and antagonists. To enable such studies, we cloned and expressed active pig CSF-1. To provide a bioassay, pig CSF-1R was expressed in the factor-dependent Ba/F3 cell line. On this transfected cell line, recombinant porcine CSF-1 and human CSF-1 had identical activity. Mouse CSF-1 does not interact with the human CSF-1 receptor but was active on pig. By contrast, porcine CSF-1 was active on mouse, human, cat and dog cells. IL-34 was previously shown to be species-specific, with mouse and human proteins demonstrating limited cross-species activity. The pig CSF-1R was equally responsive to both mouse and human IL-34. Based upon the published crystal structures of CSF-1/CSF-1R and IL34/CSF-1R complexes, we discuss the molecular basis for the species specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J. Gow
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK
| | - Valerie Garceau
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK
| | - Ronan Kapetanovic
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK
| | - David P. Sester
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK
| | - Greg J. Fici
- Pfizer Animal Health, 7000 Portage Road, Kalamazoo, MI 49001, United States
| | - John A. Shelly
- Pfizer Animal Health, 7000 Portage Road, Kalamazoo, MI 49001, United States
| | - Thomas L. Wilson
- Pfizer Animal Health, 7000 Portage Road, Kalamazoo, MI 49001, United States
| | - David A. Hume
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK,Corresponding author. Tel.: +44 131 6519181.
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Chen D, Roda JM, Marsh CB, Eubank TD, Friedman A. Hypoxia inducible factors-mediated inhibition of cancer by GM-CSF: a mathematical model. Bull Math Biol 2012; 74:2752-77. [PMID: 23073704 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-012-9776-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Under hypoxia, tumor cells, and tumor-associated macrophages produce VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), a signaling molecule that induces angiogenesis. The same macrophages, when treated with GM-CSF (granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor), produce sVEGFR-1 (soluble VEGF receptor-1), a soluble protein that binds with VEGF and inactivates its function. The production of VEGF by macrophages is regulated by HIF-1α (hypoxia inducible factor-1α), and the production of sVEGFR-1 is mediated by HIF-2α. Recent experiments measured the effect of inhibiting tumor growth by GM-CSF treatment in mice with HIF-1α-deficient or HIF-2α-deficient macrophages. In the present paper, we represent these experiments by a mathematical model based on a system of partial differential equations. We show that the model simulations agree with the above experiments. The model can then be used to suggest strategies for inhibiting tumor growth. For example, the model qualitatively predicts the extent to which GM-CSF treatment in combination with a small molecule inhibitor that stabilizes HIF-2α will reduce tumor volume and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duan Chen
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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22
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Fleming JM, Miller TC, Kidacki M, Ginsburg E, Stuelten CH, Stewart DA, Troester MA, Vonderhaar BK. Paracrine interactions between primary human macrophages and human fibroblasts enhance murine mammary gland humanization in vivo. Breast Cancer Res 2012; 14:R97. [PMID: 22731827 PMCID: PMC3446360 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Macrophages comprise an essential component of the mammary microenvironment necessary for normal gland development. However, there is no viable in vivo model to study their role in normal human breast function. We hypothesized that adding primary human macrophages to the murine mammary gland would enhance and provide a novel approach to examine immune-stromal cell interactions during the humanization process. METHODS Primary human macrophages, in the presence or absence of ectopic estrogen stimulation, were used to humanize mouse mammary glands. Mechanisms of enhanced humanization were identified by cytokine/chemokine ELISAs, zymography, western analysis, invasion and proliferation assays; results were confirmed with immunohistological analysis. RESULTS The combined treatment of macrophages and estrogen stimulation significantly enhanced the percentage of the total gland humanized and the engraftment/outgrowth success rate. Timecourse analysis revealed the disappearance of the human macrophages by two weeks post-injection, suggesting that the improved overall growth and invasiveness of the fibroblasts provided a larger stromal bed for epithelial cell proliferation and structure formation. Confirming their promotion of fibroblasts humanization, estrogen-stimulated macrophages significantly enhanced fibroblast proliferation and invasion in vitro, as well as significantly increased proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positive cells in humanized glands. Cytokine/chemokine ELISAs, zymography and western analyses identified TNFα and MMP9 as potential mechanisms by which estrogen-stimulated macrophages enhanced humanization. Specific inhibitors to TNFα and MMP9 validated the effects of these molecules on fibroblast behavior in vitro, as well as by immunohistochemical analysis of humanized glands for human-specific MMP9 expression. Lastly, glands humanized with macrophages had enhanced engraftment and tumor growth compared to glands humanized with fibroblasts alone. CONCLUSIONS Herein, we demonstrate intricate immune and stromal cell paracrine interactions in a humanized in vivo model system. We confirmed our in vivo results with in vitro analyses, highlighting the value of this model to interchangeably substantiate in vitro and in vivo results. It is critical to understand the signaling networks that drive paracrine cell interactions, for tumor cells exploit these signaling mechanisms to support their growth and invasive properties. This report presents a dynamic in vivo model to study primary human immune/fibroblast/epithelial interactions and to advance our knowledge of the stromal-derived signals that promote tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie M Fleming
- Mammary Biology and Tumorigenesis Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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van Ham TJ, Kokel D, Peterson RT. Apoptotic cells are cleared by directional migration and elmo1- dependent macrophage engulfment. Curr Biol 2012; 22:830-6. [PMID: 22503503 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2012.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Apoptotic cell death is essential for development and tissue homeostasis. Failure to clear apoptotic cells can ultimately cause inflammation and autoimmunity. Apoptosis has primarily been studied by staining of fixed tissue sections, and a clear understanding of the behavior of apoptotic cells in living tissue has been elusive. Here, we use a newly developed technique to track apoptotic cells in real time as they emerge and are cleared from the zebrafish brain. We find that apoptotic cells are remarkably motile, frequently migrating several cell diameters to the periphery of living tissues. F-actin remodeling occurs in surrounding cells, but also within the apoptotic cells themselves, suggesting a cell-autonomous component of motility. During the first 2 days of development, engulfment is rare, and most apoptotic cells lyse at the brain periphery. By 3 days postfertilization, most cell corpses are rapidly engulfed by macrophages. This engulfment requires the guanine nucleotide exchange factor elmo1. In elmo1-deficient macrophages, engulfment is rare and may occur through macropinocytosis rather than directed engulfment. These findings suggest that clearance of apoptotic cells in living vertebrates is accomplished by the combined actions of apoptotic cell migration and elmo1-dependent macrophage engulfment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjakko J van Ham
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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Mouchemore KA, Pixley FJ. CSF-1 signaling in macrophages: pleiotrophy through phosphotyrosine-based signaling pathways. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2012; 49:49-61. [DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2012.666845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Szomolay B, Eubank TD, Roberts RD, Marsh CB, Friedman A. Modeling the inhibition of breast cancer growth by GM-CSF. J Theor Biol 2012; 303:141-51. [PMID: 22763136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2012.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
M-CSF is overexpressed in breast cancer and is known to stimulate macrophages to produce VEGF resulting in angiogenesis. It has recently been shown that the growth factor GM-CSF injected into murine breast tumors slowed tumor growth by secreting soluble VEGF receptor-1 (sVEGFR-1) that binds and inactivates VEGF. This study presents a mathematical model that includes all the components above, as well as MCP-1, tumor cells, and oxygen. The model simulations are representative of the in vivo data through predictions of tumor growth using different protocol strategies for GM-CSF for the purpose of predicting higher degrees of treatment success. For example, our model predicts that once a week dosing of GM-CSF would be less effective than daily, twice a week, or three times a week treatment because of the presence of essential factors required for the anti-tumor effect of GM-CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Szomolay
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, The Ohio State University, USA.
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26
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Alikhan MA, Jones CV, Williams TM, Beckhouse AG, Fletcher AL, Kett MM, Sakkal S, Samuel CS, Ramsay RG, Deane JA, Wells CA, Little MH, Hume DA, Ricardo SD. Colony-stimulating factor-1 promotes kidney growth and repair via alteration of macrophage responses. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:1243-56. [PMID: 21762674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Colony-stimulating factor (CSF)-1 controls the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of macrophages, which are recognized as scavengers and agents of the innate and the acquired immune systems. Because of their plasticity, macrophages are endowed with many other essential roles during development and tissue homeostasis. We present evidence that CSF-1 plays an important trophic role in postnatal organ growth and kidney repair. Notably, the injection of CSF-1 postnatally enhanced kidney weight and volume and was associated with increased numbers of tissue macrophages. Moreover, CSF-1 promotes postnatal renal repair in mice after ischemia-reperfusion injury by recruiting and influencing macrophages toward a reparative state. CSF-1 treatment rapidly accelerated renal repair with tubular epithelial cell replacement, attenuation of interstitial fibrosis, and functional recovery. Analysis of macrophages from CSF-1-treated kidneys showed increased expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 and anti-inflammatory genes that are known CSF-1 targets. Taken together, these data suggest that CSF-1 is important in kidney growth and the promotion of endogenous repair and resolution of inflammatory injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliha A Alikhan
- Monash Immunology and Stem Cell Laboratories (MISCL), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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27
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Chua ACL, Hodson LJ, Moldenhauer LM, Robertson SA, Ingman WV. Dual roles for macrophages in ovarian cycle-associated development and remodelling of the mammary gland epithelium. Development 2010; 137:4229-38. [PMID: 21068060 DOI: 10.1242/dev.059261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Each ovarian cycle, the mammary gland epithelium rotates through a sequence of hormonally regulated cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. These studies investigate the role of macrophages in this cellular turnover. Macrophage populations and their spatial distribution were found to fluctuate across the cycle. The number of macrophages was highest at diestrus, and the greatest number of macrophages in direct contact with epithelial cells occurred at proestrus. The physiological necessity of macrophages in mammary gland morphogenesis during the estrous cycle was demonstrated in Cd11b-Dtr transgenic mice. Ovariectomised mice were treated with estradiol and progesterone to stimulate alveolar development, and with the progesterone receptor antagonist mifepristone to induce regression of the newly formed alveolar buds. Macrophage depletion during alveolar development resulted in a reduction in both ductal epithelial cell proliferation and the number of alveolar buds. Macrophage depletion during alveolar regression resulted in an increased number of branch points and an accumulation of TUNEL-positive cells. These studies show that macrophages have two roles in the cellular turnover of epithelial cells in the cycling mammary gland; following ovulation, they promote the development of alveolar buds in preparation for possible pregnancy, and they remodel the tissue back to its basic architecture in preparation for a new estrous cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C L Chua
- The Robinson Institute, Research Centre for Reproductive Health, and School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
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Gow DJ, Sester DP, Hume DA. CSF-1, IGF-1, and the control of postnatal growth and development. J Leukoc Biol 2010; 88:475-81. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0310158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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29
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Garceau V, Smith J, Paton IR, Davey M, Fares MA, Sester DP, Burt DW, Hume DA. Pivotal Advance: Avian colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1), interleukin-34 (IL-34), and CSF-1 receptor genes and gene products. J Leukoc Biol 2010; 87:753-64. [PMID: 20051473 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0909624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are involved in many aspects of development, host defense, pathology, and homeostasis. Their normal differentiation, proliferation, and survival are controlled by CSF-1 via the activation of the CSF1R. A recently discovered cytokine, IL-34, was shown to bind the same receptor in humans. Chicken is a widely used model organism in developmental biology, but the factors that control avian myelopoiesis have not been identified previously. The CSF-1, IL-34, and CSF1R genes in chicken and zebra finch were identified from respective genomic/cDNA sequence resources. Comparative analysis of the avian CSF1R loci revealed likely orthologs of mammalian macrophage-specific promoters and enhancers, and the CSF1R gene is expressed in the developing chick embryo in a pattern consistent with macrophage-specific expression. Chicken CSF-1 and IL-34 were expressed in HEK293 cells and shown to elicit macrophage growth from chicken BM cells in culture. Comparative sequence and co-evolution analysis across all vertebrates suggests that the two ligands interact with distinct regions of the CSF1R. These studies demonstrate that there are two separate ligands for a functional CSF1R across all vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Garceau
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, United Kingdom
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30
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Clark DA, Chaouat G, Wong K, Gorczynski RM, Kinsky R. REVIEW ARTICLE: Tolerance Mechanisms in Pregnancy: A Reappraisal of the Role of Class I Paternal MHC Antigens*. Am J Reprod Immunol 2009; 63:93-103. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2009.00774.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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31
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Abstract
Cytokines are pleotrophic proteins that coordinate the host response to infection as well as mediate normal, ongoing signaling between cells of nonimmune tissues, including the nervous system. As a consequence of this dual role, cytokines induced in response to maternal infection or prenatal hypoxia can profoundly impact fetal neurodevelopment. The neurodevelopmental roles of individual cytokine signaling pathways are being elucidated through gain- and loss-of-function studies in cell culture and model organisms. We review this work with a particular emphasis on studies where cytokines, their receptors, or components of their signaling pathways have been altered in vivo. The extensive and diverse requirements for properly regulated cytokine signaling during normal nervous system development revealed by these studies sets the foundation for ongoing and future work aimed at understanding how cytokines induced normally and pathologically during critical stages of fetal development alter nervous system function and behavior later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E Deverman
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard M/C 216-76, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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32
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Wittrant Y, Gorin Y, Mohan S, Wagner B, Abboud-Werner SL. Colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) directly inhibits receptor activator of nuclear factor-{kappa}B ligand (RANKL) expression by osteoblasts. Endocrinology 2009; 150:4977-88. [PMID: 19819976 PMCID: PMC2775986 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1), released by osteoblasts, stimulates the proliferation of osteoclast progenitors via the c-fms receptor (CSF-1R) and, in combination with receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL), leads to the formation of mature osteoclasts. Whether the CSF-1R is expressed by osteoblasts and mediates specific biological effects in osteoblasts has not been explored. Wild-type primary calvaria osteoblasts (OB) were analyzed for CSF-1R expression (RT-PCR and Western blot) and functionality (immunocomplex kinase assay). OB were serum starved for 24 h, and the effect of CSF-1 (0-100 ng/ml) on OB biological activities was determined at 48 h. In wild-type mouse bone marrow cultures, CSF-1 was tested for its effect on RANKL mRNA and osteoclast formation. Because ROS influence osteoblast RANKL expression, studies analyzed the effect of CSF-1 on reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity and Nox1 and Nox4 proteins. Results indicate that OB express CSF-1R mRNA and protein and that CSF-1R could be phosphorylated in the presence of CSF-1. In osteoblasts, CSF-1 decreased RANKL mRNA in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Incubation of bone marrow cultures with CSF-1 resulted in a significant decline in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) activity and CTR expression. RANKL-decreased expression by CSF-1 was correlated with a decrease of NADPH oxidase activity as well as Nox1 and Nox4 protein levels. These findings provide the first evidence that osteoblasts express CSF-1R and are a target for CSF-1 ligand. CSF-1-mediated inhibition of RANKL expression on osteoblasts may provide an important mechanism for coupling bone formation/resorption and preventing excessive osteoclastogenesis during normal skeletal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wittrant
- South Texas Veteran's Health Care System, Audi L. Murphy Division, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
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Jerde TJ, Bushman W. IL-1 induces IGF-dependent epithelial proliferation in prostate development and reactive hyperplasia. Sci Signal 2009; 2:ra49. [PMID: 19724062 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and reactivation of developmental signaling pathways are both hallmarks of adenocarcinomas. However, developmental and inflammatory processes are generally thought of as distinct and are believed to represent separate paths to carcinogenesis. Here, we show that the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha) plays a critical role in prostate development by activating insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling; this process is reiterated during inflammatory reactive hyperplasia to elicit epithelial proliferation. The appearance of developmental signals during hyperplasia supports the hypothesis that reactivation of developmental signaling plays a role in the hyperplasic reaction to inflammation and suggests that there may be a conserved link between inflammatory signaling and canonical developmental pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis J Jerde
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
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Ghosh D, Sharkey AM, Charnock-Jones DS, Smith SK, Sengupta J. Effect of low-dose mifepristone administration on day 2 after ovulation on transcript profiles in implantation-stage endometrium of rhesus monkeys. Reproduction 2009; 138:357-70. [PMID: 19439560 DOI: 10.1530/rep-08-0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone is essential for endometrial receptivity in primates. In studies previously performed using global gene profiling based on microarray technology, attempts have been made to identify changes in gene expression between early luteal-phase and mid-luteal-phase endometria. However, the issue of the putative impact of preimplantation embryo-derived signal in the process of endometrial receptivity was missing in the previous studies. In the present study, an attempt has been made to delineate the transcripts profile in implantation-stage endometrium under combinatorial regulation of progesterone and embryo-derived signal in the rhesus monkey. To this effect, we have compared transcript profiles for 409 known genes between control receptive stage (n=13), and mifepristone-induced desynchronized and non-receptive stage (n=12) monkey endometrial samples collected on days 4 (n=12) and 6 (n=13) after ovulation from mated, potential conception cycles, using cDNA arrays containing sequence-verified clones. Statistical analysis of correlation of estimated transcript abundance between arrays and qRT-PCR for nine selected gene products yielded significant (P<0.05) concordance. Of 409 genes, a total of 40 gene transcripts were seen to be affected, nine gene transcripts in endometrial samples were found to progressively increase between days 4 and 6 following mifepristone treatment, while an additional five genes showed differential expression profile depending on the day after treatment. Additionally, different sets of 12 and 14 gene products showed changes in days 4 and 6 post-ovulation samples respectively. A new cohort of 28 gene products in implantation-stage endometrium was seen to be affected by luteal-phase mifepristone.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ghosh
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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35
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Timmons BC, Fairhurst AM, Mahendroo MS. Temporal changes in myeloid cells in the cervix during pregnancy and parturition. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:2700-7. [PMID: 19234164 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth occurs at a rate of 12.7% in the U.S. and is the primary cause of fetal morbidity in the first year of life as well as the cause of later health problems. Elucidation of mechanisms controlling cervical remodeling is critical for development of therapies to reduce the incidence of prematurity. The cervical extracellular matrix must be disorganized during labor to allow birth, followed by a rapid repair postpartum. Leukocytes infiltrate the cervix before and after birth and are proposed to regulate matrix remodeling during cervical ripening via release of proteolytic enzymes. In the current study, flow cytometry and cell sorting were used to determine the role of immune cells in cervical matrix remodeling before, during, and after parturition. Markers of myeloid cell differentiation and activation were assessed to define phenotype and function. Tissue monocytes and eosinophils increased in the cervix before birth in a progesterone-regulated fashion, whereas macrophage numbers were unchanged. Neutrophils increased in the postpartum period. Increased mRNA expression of Csfr1 and markers of alternatively activated M2 macrophages during labor or shortly postpartum suggest a function of M2 macrophages in postpartum tissue repair. Changes in cervical myeloid cell numbers are not reflected in the peripheral blood. These data along with our previous studies suggest that myeloid-derived cells do not orchestrate processes required for initiation of cervical ripening before birth. Additionally, macrophages with diverse phenotypes (M1 and M2) are present in the cervix and are most likely involved in the postpartum repair of tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda C Timmons
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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36
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Uva P, Aurisicchio L, Watters J, Loboda A, Kulkarni A, Castle J, Palombo F, Viti V, Mesiti G, Zappulli V, Marconato L, Abramo F, Ciliberto G, Lahm A, La Monica N, de Rinaldis E. Comparative expression pathway analysis of human and canine mammary tumors. BMC Genomics 2009; 10:135. [PMID: 19327144 PMCID: PMC2670324 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2008] [Accepted: 03/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spontaneous tumors in dog have been demonstrated to share many features with their human counterparts, including relevant molecular targets, histological appearance, genetics, biological behavior and response to conventional treatments. Mammary tumors in dog therefore provide an attractive alternative to more classical mouse models, such as transgenics or xenografts, where the tumour is artificially induced. To assess the extent to which dog tumors represent clinically significant human phenotypes, we performed the first genome-wide comparative analysis of transcriptional changes occurring in mammary tumors of the two species, with particular focus on the molecular pathways involved. RESULTS We analyzed human and dog gene expression data derived from both tumor and normal mammary samples. By analyzing the expression levels of about ten thousand dog/human orthologous genes we observed a significant overlap of genes deregulated in the mammary tumor samples, as compared to their normal counterparts. Pathway analysis of gene expression data revealed a great degree of similarity in the perturbation of many cancer-related pathways, including the 'PI3K/AKT', 'KRAS', 'PTEN', 'WNT-beta catenin' and 'MAPK cascade'. Moreover, we show that the transcriptional relationships between different gene signatures observed in human breast cancer are largely maintained in the canine model, suggesting a close interspecies similarity in the network of cancer signalling circuitries. CONCLUSION Our data confirm and further strengthen the value of the canine mammary cancer model and open up new perspectives for the evaluation of novel cancer therapeutics and the development of prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers to be used in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Uva
- IRBM P Angeletti, Merck MRL-Rome, Pomezia, Italy.
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37
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Eubank TD, Roberts RD, Khan M, Curry JM, Nuovo GJ, Kuppusamy P, Marsh CB. Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor inhibits breast cancer growth and metastasis by invoking an anti-angiogenic program in tumor-educated macrophages. Cancer Res 2009; 69:2133-40. [PMID: 19223554 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-1405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-educated macrophages facilitate tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. We discovered that granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) blocked macrophages vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) activity by producing soluble VEGF receptor-1 (sVEGFR-1) and determined the effect on tumor-associated macrophage behavior and tumor growth. We show GM-CSF treatment of murine mammary tumors slowed tumor growth and slowed metastasis. These tumors had more macrophages, fewer blood vessels, and lower oxygen concentrations. This effect was sVEGFR-1 dependent. In situ hybridization and flow cytometry identified macrophages as the primary source of sVEGFR-1. These data suggest that GM-CSF can re-educate macrophages to reduce angiogenesis and metastases in murine breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim D Eubank
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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38
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Dong B, Matsumura F. The conversion of rapid TCCD nongenomic signals to persistent inflammatory effects via select protein kinases in MCF10A cells. Mol Endocrinol 2009; 23:549-58. [PMID: 19147701 DOI: 10.1210/me.2008-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously we found that 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induces rapid inflammatory cellular responses in MCF10A mammary epithelial cells through a distinct nongenomic pathway by activating cytosolic phospholipase A2 and Src kinase within 30 min. In the current study we investigated how such an initial, seemingly transient signaling induced by TCDD is subsequently converted into more stable long-term messages. We found that TCDD causes prolonged activation of the binding activity of nuclear proteins to the oligonucleotide probes representing consensus activator protein 1 and CCAAT enhancer binding protein response element sequences, followed by later induction of some diagnostic marker including cyclooxgenase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-2, colony stimulating factor-1, and cytochrome P450 19 (or aromatase). Blocking the early steps of the nongenomic pathway inhibits this action of TCDD. It was also found that Src kinase is mainly responsible for the increase of binding activity to the activator protein 1 probe, and another kinase, protein kinase A (PKA), is accountable for most of the increase of binding activity to the CCAAT enhancer binding protein probe. The induction of those diagnostic markers is also affected by 4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (a Src kinase inhibitor) or H89 (a PKA inhibitor). These results indicate that Src kinase and PKA act as the second messengers in propagating the initial nongenomic signaling of TCDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Dong
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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39
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Hunter M, Wang Y, Eubank T, Baran C, Nana-Sinkam P, Marsh C. Survival of monocytes and macrophages and their role in health and disease. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2009; 14:4079-102. [PMID: 19273336 DOI: 10.2741/3514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are versatile cells involved in health and disease. These cells act as scavengers to rid the body of apoptotic and senescent cells and debris through their phagocytic function. Although this is a primary function of these cells, macrophages play vital roles in inflammation and repair of damaged tissue. Macrophages secrete a large number of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors that recruit and activate a variety of cell types to inflamed tissue compartments. These cells are also critical in cell-mediated immunity and in the resolution of inflammation. Since macrophages, and their precursors, blood monocytes, are important in regulating and resolving inflammation, prolonged cellular survival in tissue compartments could be detrimental. Thus, factors that regulate the fate of monocyte and macrophage survival are important in cellular homeostasis. In this article, we will explore stimuli and the intracellular pathways important in regulating macrophage survival and implication in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Hunter
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine and the Center for Critical Care Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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40
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Clinical use of colony-stimulating factor-1 in ovulation induction for poor responders. Fertil Steril 2008; 90:2287-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2007] [Revised: 10/23/2007] [Accepted: 10/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Ovchinnikov DA. Macrophages in the embryo and beyond: Much more than just giant phagocytes. Genesis 2008; 46:447-62. [DOI: 10.1002/dvg.20417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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42
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McIntire RH, Ganacias KG, Hunt JS. Programming of human monocytes by the uteroplacental environment. Reprod Sci 2008; 15:437-47. [PMID: 18579853 DOI: 10.1177/1933719107314065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
During human pregnancy, monocytes recruited to the uterus (decidua) are modified to promote immune defense and semiallogeneic pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to identify decidual factors involved in programming of monocytes into decidual macrophages by comparing the surface and secretory phenotypes of resting and interferon- gamma (IFN-gamma)-activated monocytes, unfractionated decidual cells, purified term decidual macrophages, and monocyte-derived macrophages. Surface markers for antigen presentation (HLA-DR, CD86), a membrane-bound cytokine interleukin (IL)-15, leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILRB1, LILRB2), and secreted anti-inflammatory cytokines (transforming growth factor [TGF]-beta1 and IL-10) were assessed. The results demonstrate that differentiated, activated monocytes closely resemble but are not identical to decidual macrophages. In addition to differential IFN-gamma responsiveness, decidual macrophages were smaller than monocyte-derived macrophages and produced IL-10, which monocyte-derived macrophages did not. Only the unfractionated decidual cells secreted TGF-beta1. These results suggest that activation, differentiation, and decidual signals cooperate to program monocytes into the decidual macrophage phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsey H McIntire
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
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43
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Douglass TG, Driggers L, Zhang JG, Hoa N, Delgado C, Williams CC, Dan Q, Sanchez R, Jeffes EWB, Wepsic HT, Myers MP, Koths K, Jadus MR. Macrophage colony stimulating factor: not just for macrophages anymore! A gateway into complex biologies. Int Immunopharmacol 2008; 8:1354-76. [PMID: 18687298 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2008] [Accepted: 04/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF, also called colony stimulating factor-1) has traditionally been viewed as a growth/differentiation factor for monocytes, macrophages, and some female-specific tumors. As a result of alternative mRNA splicing and post-translational processing, several forms of M-CSF protein are produced: a secreted glycoprotein, a longer secreted form containing proteoglycan, and a short membrane-bound isoform. These different forms of M-CSF all initiate cell signaling in cells bearing the M-CSF receptor, called c-fms. Here we review the biology of M-CSF, which has important roles in bone physiology, the intestinal tract, cancer metastases to the bone, macrophage-mediated tumor cell killing and tumor immunity. Although this review concentrates mostly on the membrane form of human M-CSF (mM-CSF), the biology of the soluble forms and the M-CSF receptor will also be discussed for comparative purposes. The mechanisms of the biological effects of the membrane-bound M-CSF reveal that this cytokine is unexpectedly involved in many complex molecular events. Recent experiments suggest that a tumor vaccine based on membrane-bound M-CSF-transduced tumor cells, combined with anti-angiogenic therapy, should be evaluated further for use in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Douglass
- Biology Department, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach CA 90840, United States
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Ide H, Hatake K, Terado Y, Tsukino H, Okegawa T, Nutahara K, Higashihara E, Horie S. Serum level of macrophage colony-stimulating factor is increased in prostate cancer patients with bone metastasis. Hum Cell 2008; 21:1-6. [PMID: 18190394 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-0774.2007.00042.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Recent evaluation of human prostate tissues has shown predominantly high expression of the macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor in prostatic intra-epithelial neoplasia or prostate cancer. However, the expression of its ligand, the macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and the biological role of this signaling in prostate cancer has not been analyzed. In this research we determined the relationship of serum M-CSF level to clinical parameters of prostate cancer progression. We measured the serum level of M-CSF in 170 patients with histologically confirmed prostatic adenocarcinoma and in 54 patients in whom prostate cancer was not detected. We also investigated the M-CSF expression in prostate cancer tissues by immunohistochemistry. The serum levels of M-CSF in bone metastatic prostate cancer patients was significantly higher than those in non-metastatic patients, while M-CSF did not differ with regards to histological grade, Gleason score or local tumor progression. M-CSF expression was detected in prostate cancer cells themselves by immunohistochemistry. These results suggest that M-CSF may have a functional role in prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisamitsu Ide
- Department of Urology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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45
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OSHIMA K, YOSHIHARA K, KOJIMA T, KOMATSU M, YAMAMOTO N. Concentration of Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (M-CSF) in Bovine Peripheral Blood during Pregnancy. J Vet Med Sci 2008; 70:799-805. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.70.799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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46
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Ingman WV, Jones RL. Cytokine knockouts in reproduction: the use of gene ablation to dissect roles of cytokines in reproductive biology. Hum Reprod Update 2007; 14:179-92. [PMID: 18063609 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmm042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines play many diverse and important roles in reproductive biology, and dissecting the complex interactions between these proteins and the different reproductive organs is a difficult task. One approach is to use gene ablation, or 'knockout', to analyse the effect of deletion of a single cytokine on mouse reproductive function. This review summarizes the essential roles of cytokines in reproductive biology that have been revealed by gene knockout studies, including development and regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gondal axis, ovarian folliculogenesis, implantation and immune system modulation during pregnancy. However, successful utilization of this approach must consider the caveats associated with gene ablation studies, e.g. embryonic lethality, systemic effects of cytokine ablation on local reproductive processes and the limited exposure to pathogens in mice housed in laboratory conditions. New sophisticated technology that temporally or spatially regulates gene ablation can overcome some of these limitations. Discoveries on the roles of cytokines in reproductive function uncovered by gene ablation studies can now be applied to improve in vitro fertilization for infertile couples and in the development of contraceptive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy V Ingman
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Research Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
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47
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Chaouat G, Dubanchet S, Ledée N. Cytokines: Important for implantation? J Assist Reprod Genet 2007; 24:491-505. [PMID: 18044017 PMCID: PMC3455031 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-007-9142-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2007] [Accepted: 04/25/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Cytokines are obviously very important in an established pregnancy, but what about human embryo implantation? METHODS Literature review. RESULTS We first discuss the necessity and limits of animal models, and then review the few cytokines which have been demonstrated by knock-out methods to be absolutely necessary for embryo implantation using in animal models. We then review what is known or discussed about the role of other cytokines as deduced from quantitative and/or qualitative dysregulation in animals and in humans. CONCLUSIONS Cytokines are indeed involved in implantation as they are in ongoing pregnancy and delivery. Relevance to infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérard Chaouat
- U 782 INSERM, Equipe cytokines et dialogue cytokinique mère conceptus, Université Paris Sud et Hôpîtal Antoine Béclère, 32 rue des Carnets, Clamart Cedex, France.
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48
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Abstract
Effective ovarian and uterine function relies on a complex interplay between the endocrine and immune systems. It is generally accepted that in reproductive tissues, oestradiol and progesterone have pro- and anti-inflammatory activities respectively and, in this regard, the paracrine effects of the sex steroids on the ovary are similar to the endocrine effects on the uterus. Ovarian leukocyte recruitment and cytokine release are central to follicle development, ovulation and corpus luteum function. At the uterine level, the cyclical changes in sex steroids regulate the number and distribution of endometrial and decidual immune cells as well as other immune signalling and surveillance factors. The uterine mucosa is unique, in that it must tolerate sperm and the allogeneic blastocyst in a way that does not compromise uterine immune surveillance against bacteria, yeast and viruses. Crosstalk between the sex steroids and immune mediators (systemic and local) are central to these functions, and this article will review these mechanisms and their importance for successful reproductive function and pregnancy success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Lea
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, College Road, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK.
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49
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Jaiswal YK, Chaturvedi MM, Deb K. Effect of bacterial endotoxins on superovulated mouse embryos in vivo: is CSF-1 involved in endotoxin-induced pregnancy loss? Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2007; 2006:32050. [PMID: 17485799 PMCID: PMC1779607 DOI: 10.1155/idog/2006/32050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian embryonic development is regulated by several cytokines and growth factors from embryonic or maternal origins. Since CSF-1 plays important role in embryonic development and implantation, we investigated its role in gram-negative bacterial LPS-induced implantation failure. The effect of LPS on normal (nonsuperovulated) and superovulated in vivo-produced embryos was assessed by signs of morphological degeneration. A significantly similar number of morphologically degenerated embryos recovered from both nonsuperovulated and superovulated LPS treated animals on day 2.5 of pregnancy onwards were morphologically and developmentally abnormal as compared to their respective controls (P < .001. Normal CSF-1 expression level and pattern were also altered through the preimplantation period in the mouse embryos and uterine horns after LPS treatment. This deviation from the normal pattern and level of CSF-1 expression in the preimplantation embryos and uterine tissues suggest a role for CSF-1 in LPS-induced implantation failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Kumar Jaiswal
- Molecular Biology and Reproductive Immunology Laboratory, School of Studies in Biochemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, 474 011, India
| | | | - Kaushik Deb
- Molecular Biology and Reproductive Immunology Laboratory, School of Studies in Biochemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, 474 011, India
- *Kaushik Deb:
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Abstract
The enunciation of the T helper 1/T helper 2 (Th1/Th2) paradigm in pregnancy has represented a major step forward in our understanding of physiological and pathologic materno-foetal relationship. However, recent developments in studies of the implantation process and in the emergence of the uterine vascular bed and its control by natural killer cells and cytokines suggest that one must go beyond this hitherto useful scheme. In this review, we replace the emergence of the paradigm in its historical context and then emphasises what it does explain and what it no longer account for. A final reappraisal of the paradigm is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérard Chaouat
- Unité 782 Inserm, 32 rue des Carnets 92141 Clamart, France.
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