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Fallah M, Davoodvandi A, Nikmanzar S, Aghili S, Mirazimi SMA, Aschner M, Rashidian A, Hamblin MR, Chamanara M, Naghsh N, Mirzaei H. Silymarin (milk thistle extract) as a therapeutic agent in gastrointestinal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112024. [PMID: 34399200 PMCID: PMC8458260 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Silymarin contains a group of closely-related flavonolignan compounds including silibinin, and is extracted from Silybum marianum species, also called milk thistle. Silymarin has been shown to protect the liver in both experimental models and clinical studies. The chemopreventive activity of silymarin has shown some efficacy against cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Silymarin can modulate apoptosis in vitro and survival in vivo, by interfering with the expression of cell cycle regulators and apoptosis-associated proteins. In addition to its anti-metastatic activity, silymarin has also been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity. The chemoprotective effects of silymarin and silibinin (its major constituent) suggest they could be applied to reduce the side effects and increase the anti-cancer effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in various cancer types, especially in gastrointestinal cancers. This review examines the recent studies and summarizes the mechanistic pathways and down-stream targets of silymarin in the therapy of gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Fallah
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Davoodvandi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Nikmanzar
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarehnaz Aghili
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Ali Mirazimi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10463, USA
| | - Amir Rashidian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Mohsen Chamanara
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Toxicology Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Navid Naghsh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Tabassum H, Ahmad IZ. Evaluation of the anticancer activity of sprout extract-loaded nanoemulsion of N. sativa against hepatocellular carcinoma. J Microencapsul 2019; 35:643-656. [DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2019.1571641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heena Tabassum
- Department of Bioengineering, Natural Products Laboratory, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Iffat Zareen Ahmad
- Department of Bioengineering, Natural Products Laboratory, Integral University, Lucknow, India
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Yang Y, Zhao C, Tian G, Lu C, Li C, Bao Y, Tang Z, McClements DJ, Xiao H, Zheng J. Characterization of physical properties and electronic sensory analyses of citrus oil-based nanoemulsions. Food Res Int 2018; 109:149-158. [PMID: 29803437 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Citrus oils and their emulsions have been widely used in food and beverage products due to their flavor, various beneficial health functions and relative high solubility for lipophilic bioactive components. However, the non-digestibility and instability has limited the application of emulsions made from a single type of citrus oil. In this study, common triacylglycerol oils (i.e. corn oil and MCT oil) and citrus oils (i.e. bergamot oil and sweet orange oil) were used in combination with different mixing ratios (triacylglycerol oil:citrus oil = 1:0, 9:1, 5:1, 3:1, 1:1 and 0:1) to produce various nanoemulsions (10% oil phase), and their physical and electronic sensory properties were systematically characterized. The results demonstrated that the mixed oil nanoemulsions were much more stable than pure citrus oil emulsions. Electronic nose, electronic eye and electronic tongue were shown to be able to provide informative evaluation of the electronic sensory of the emulsions. Data-fitting of these electronic sensory devices significantly improved the effective discrimination and accuracy of sensory evaluation of the emulsions. These results provided basis for using triacylglycerol oils and citrus oils in combination to produce nanoemulsions with superior physical and electronic sensory properties. Moreover, the electronic sensory evaluation method utilized in this study provided a useful approach for evaluation of emulsion-based food and beverage products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chengying Zhao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guifang Tian
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chang Lu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chengxiu Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuming Bao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhonghai Tang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | | | - Hang Xiao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
| | - Jinkai Zheng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Ibrahim TM, Abdallah MH, El-Megrab NA, El-Nahas HM. Upgrading of dissolution and anti-hypertensive effect of Carvedilol via two combined approaches: self-emulsification and liquisolid techniques. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 44:873-885. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1417421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tarek M. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Marwa H. Abdallah
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Hail University, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nagia A. El-Megrab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hanan M. El-Nahas
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Yang Y, Zhao C, Tian G, Lu C, Zhao S, Bao Y, McClements DJ, Xiao H, Zheng J. Effects of Preheating and Storage Temperatures on Aroma Profile and Physical Properties of Citrus-Oil Emulsions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:7781-7789. [PMID: 28820942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Citrus oils are used as good carrier oil for emulsion fabrication due to their special flavor and various health-promoting functions. In this study, the effects of preheating temperature (30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 °C) and storage temperature (4, 25, and 37 °C) on aroma profiles and physical properties of three citrus-oil (i.e., mandarin, sweet orange, and bergamot oils) emulsions were systematically investigated for the first time. The results demonstrated the significant impact of temperature on aroma profile and physical properties. The abundance of d-limonene was found to be the main factor determining the aroma of the three citrus-oil emulsions at different preheating and storage temperatures, while β-linalool and linalyl acetate were important for the aroma of bergamot oil emulsion. Preheating temperature showed a profound impact on the aroma of citrus-oil emulsions, and the aroma of different citrus oil emulsions showed different sensitivity to preheating temperature. Storage temperature was also able to alter the properties of citrus oil emulsions. The higher was the storage temperature, the more alteration of aroma and more instability of the emulsions there was, which could be attributed to the alteration of the oil components and the properties of emulsions. Among all three emulsions, bergamot-oil emulsion was the most stable and exhibited the most potent ability to preserve the aroma against high temperature. Our results would facilitate the application of citrus-oil emulsions in functional foods and beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chengying Zhao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guifang Tian
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chang Lu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shaojie Zhao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuming Bao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193, China
| | - David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Jinkai Zheng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193, China
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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Ahmad U, Akhtar J, Singh SP, Badruddeen, Ahmad FJ, Siddiqui S, Wahajuddin. Silymarin nanoemulsion against human hepatocellular carcinoma: development and optimization. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 46:231-241. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1324465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Usama Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Juber Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Satya Prakash Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Badruddeen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Farhan Jalees Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Sahabjada Siddiqui
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Wahajuddin
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Ahmad U, Faiyazuddin M, Hussain MT, Ahmad S, M Alshammari T, Shakeel F. Silymarin: an insight to its formulation and analytical prospects. ACTA PHYSIOLOGIAE PLANTARUM 2015; 37:253. [DOI: 10.1007/s11738-015-2008-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
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Thakkar HP, Khunt A, Dhande RD, Patel AA. Formulation and evaluation of Itraconazole nanoemulsion for enhanced oral bioavailability. J Microencapsul 2015; 32:559-69. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2015.1065917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Lian X, Dong J, Zhang J, Teng Y, Lin Q, Fu Y, Gong T. Soluplus® based 9-nitrocamptothecin solid dispersion for peroral administration: Preparation, characterization, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Int J Pharm 2014; 477:399-407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Gangishetty H, Eedara BB, Bandari S. Development of ketoprofen loaded proliposomal powders for improved gastric absorption and gastric tolerance: in vitro and in situ evaluation. Pharm Dev Technol 2014; 20:641-51. [PMID: 24820852 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2014.908306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current investigation was to improve dissolution rate, gastric absorption and tolerance of a water insoluble non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ketoprofen by developing proliposomal powders. Ketoprofen proliposomal powders were prepared by solvent evaporation method with varying ratios of hydrogenated soyphosphatidyl choline (HSPC) and cholesterol. The prepared proliposomal powders were characterized for vesicle size, micromeritics, entrapment efficiency and in vitro dissolution behavior. Proliposomal powder (KPL3) composed of equimolar ratios of HSPC and cholesterol loaded on pearlitol SD 200 was selected as optimized formulation as it produced smaller liposomes (5.24 ± 1.35 μm) upon hydration with highest entrapment efficiency (53.16 ± 0.06%). All proliposomal powders showed improved dissolution characteristics than pure drug, however dissolution of drug from KPL3 was found to be highest (91.17 ± 6.3) and which is about 24 times higher than pure ketoprofen within 5 min. The transformation of crystalline ketoprofen to amorphous form was confirmed by solid state characterization. The absorption rate per hour for pure ketoprofen and proliposomal formulation (KPL3) was assessed in the stomach by conducting in situ gastric absorption studies in Wistar rats and was found to be 27 ± 1.22 and 36.98 ± 1.95%, respectively. In conclusion, enhanced dissolution and gastric absorption rate of ketoprofen from proliposomal powders suggest them as potential candidate for oral bioavailability improvement of ketoprofen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himabindu Gangishetty
- Department of Pharmaceutics, St. Peter's Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Warangal, Andhra Pradesh , India
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Wang Z, Pal R. Enlargement of Nanoemulsion Region in Pseudo-ternary Mixing Diagrams for a Drug Delivery System. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-013-1497-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Chavhan SS, Petkar KC, Sawant KK. Simvastatin nanoemulsion for improved oral delivery: design, characterisation,in vitroandin vivostudies. J Microencapsul 2013; 30:771-9. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2013.788085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Baek MK, Lee JH, Cho YH, Kim HH, Lee GW. Self-microemulsifying drug-delivery system for improved oral bioavailability of pranlukast hemihydrate: preparation and evaluation. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:167-76. [PMID: 23326192 PMCID: PMC3544354 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s37338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present investigation was to develop and evaluate a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) for improving the oral absorption of a pranlukast hemihydrate (PLH), a very poorly water-soluble drug. An efficient self-microemulsifying vehicle for PLH was selected and optimized using solubility testing and phase diagram construction. The formulations were characterized by assessing self-emulsification performance, droplet size analysis, in vitro drug release characteristics and formulation stability studies. Optimized formulations for in vitro dissolution and bioavailability assessment were Triethylcitrate (TEC; 10%), Tween 20 (50%), Span 20 (25%), triethanolamine (5%), and benzyl alcohol (10%). The SMEDDS readily released the lipid phase to form a fine oil-in-water microemulsion with a narrow distribution size. Saturated solubilities of PLH from SMEDDS in water, pH 4.0 and 6.8, were over 150 times greater than that of plain PLH. The release of 100% PLH from SMEDDS was considerably greater compared to only 1.12% in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 6.8) from plain PLH after 2 hours. The PLH suspension with 0.5% sodium carboxymethylcellulose or 3% PLH-loaded SMEDDS was administrated at a dose of 40 mg/kg as PLH to fasted rats. The absorption of PLH from SMEDDS resulted in about a threefold increase in bioavailability compared with plain PLH aqueous suspension. Our studies illustrated that the potential use of the new SMEDDS can be used as a possible alternative to oral delivery of a poorly water-soluble drug such as PLH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung-Ki Baek
- Life Science R&D Park, SK Biopharmaceuticals Co, LTD, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Gurrapu A, Jukanti R, Bobbala SR, Kanuganti S, Jeevana JB. Improved oral delivery of valsartan from maltodextrin based proniosome powders. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abdelbary G, Amin M, Salah S. Self nano-emulsifying simvastatin based tablets: design andin vitro/in vivoevaluation. Pharm Dev Technol 2012; 18:1294-304. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2012.672989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Kanuganti S, Jukanti R, Veerareddy PR, Bandari S. Paliperidone-Loaded Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SEDDS) for Improved Oral Delivery. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2011.574920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Rahman MA, Hussain A, Hussain MS, Mirza MA, Iqbal Z. Role of excipients in successful development of self-emulsifying/microemulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS/SMEDDS). Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2012; 39:1-19. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.660949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Janga KY, Jukanti R, Velpula A, Sunkavalli S, Bandari S, Kandadi P, Veerareddy PR. Bioavailability enhancement of zaleplon via proliposomes: Role of surface charge. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 80:347-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Nanoemulsion-based delivery systems for poorly water-soluble bioactive compounds: Influence of formulation parameters on Polymethoxyflavone crystallization. Food Hydrocoll 2011; 27:517-528. [PMID: 22685367 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2011.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) extracted from citrus peel exhibit potent anti-cancer activity, but are highly hydrophobic molecules with poor solubility in both water and oil at ambient and body temperature, which limits their bioavailability. The possibility of encapsulating PMFs within nanoemulsion-based delivery systems to facilitate their application in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical products was investigated. The influence of oil type (corn oil, MCT, orange oil), emulsifier type (β-lactoglobulin, lyso-lecithin, Tween, and DTAB), and neutral cosolvents (glycerol and ethanol) on the formation and stability of PMF-loaded nanoemulsions was examined. Nanoemulsions (r < 100 nm) could be formed using high pressure homogenization for all emulsifier types, except DTAB. Lipid droplet charge could be altered from highly cationic (DTAB), to near neutral (Tween), to highly anionic (β-lactoglobulin, lyso-lecithin) by varying emulsifier type. PMF crystals formed in all nanoemulsions after preparation, which had a tendency to sediment during storage. The size, morphology, and aggregation of PMF crystals depended on preparation method, emulsifier type, oil type, and cosolvent addition. These results have important implications for the development of delivery systems for bioactive components that have poor oil and water solubility at application temperatures.
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Barakat NS. Enhanced oral bioavailability of etodolac by self-emulsifying systems: in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 62:173-80. [PMID: 20487196 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.62.02.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to prepare a self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) for oral bioavailability enhancement of a poorly water-soluble drug, etodolac. The SEDDS formulations were optimized by evaluating their ability to self-emulsify when introduced to an aqueous medium under gentle agitation, and by determination of the particle size of the resulting emulsion. METHODS An optimized formulation of SEDDS (composed of 20% etodolac, 30% oil Labrafac WL1349, 10% Lauroglycol 90 and 40% Labrasol) was selected for bioavailability assessment in rabbits. The anti-inflammatory effect was also determined in rats, and compared with powder drug and etodolac suspension in water (50 mg/kg). KEY FINDINGS The peak plasma concentration of 16.4 +/- 1.1 microg/ml appeared after 1.3 +/- 0.2 h, whereas with powder drug and etodolac suspension the values were 7.5 +/- 0.5 and 10.6 +/- 0.7 microg/ml at 4.2 +/- 0.4 and 2.4 +/- 0.2 h, respectively. The AUC(0-8) of the etodolac SEDDS formulation was 2.3 times that of the pure drug and 1.4 times that of the suspension form. SEDDS formulation exhibits a 21% increase in paw thickness compared with a 39% increase on oral administration of etodolac suspension after 4 h at the same dose of the drug (20 mg/kg). CONCLUSIONS The result indicates the utility of SEDDS for the oral delivery of etodolac and potentially other lipophilic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla S Barakat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Shen Q, Li X, Yuan D, Jia W. Enhanced oral bioavailability of daidzein by self-microemulsifying drug delivery system. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2010; 58:639-43. [PMID: 20460789 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.58.639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To enhance oral absorption of poorly water-soluble daidzein, self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) composed of oil, surfactant and cosurfactant for oral administration of daidzein was formulated, and its physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated. Solubility of daidzein was determined in various vehicles. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed to identify the efficient self-microemulsification region and particle size distributions of the resultant microemulsions were determined using a laser diffraction sizer. From these studies, an optimized formulation consisting of Ethyl oleate (10%), Cremophor RH 40 (60%), and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) (30%) was selected. The dissolution rate of daidzein from SMEDDS was significantly higher than the conventional tablet. Relative bioavailability of SMEDDS was enhanced about 2.5-fold compared with that of the control group. The data suggest that the use of SMEDDS provide a potential way of daidzein administered orally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Zvonar A, Berginc K, Kristl A, Gašperlin M. Microencapsulation of self-microemulsifying system: Improving solubility and permeability of furosemide. Int J Pharm 2010; 388:151-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Revised: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 12/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Ofokansi KC, Chukwu KI, Ugwuanyi SI. The Use of Liquid Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems Based on Peanut Oil/Tween 80 in the Delivery of Griseofulvin. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2009; 35:185-91. [DOI: 10.1080/03639040802244292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Barakat NS. Self-emulsifying system for improving drug dissolution and bioavailability: in vitro/in vivo evaluation. Drug Dev Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.20356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Self-nanoemulsifying granules of ezetimibe: Design, optimization and evaluation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2008; 35:183-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2008.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2007] [Revised: 04/30/2008] [Accepted: 06/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kang BK, Lee JS, Chon SK, Jeong SY, Yuk SH, Khang G, Lee HB, Cho SH. Development of self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) for oral bioavailability enhancement of simvastatin in beagle dogs. Int J Pharm 2004; 274:65-73. [PMID: 15072783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2003.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2003] [Revised: 12/09/2003] [Accepted: 12/20/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of this work is to prepare self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) for oral bioavailability enhancement of a poorly water soluble drug, simvastatin. Solubility of simvastatin was determined in various vehicles. SMEDDS is mixture of oils, surfactants, and cosurfactants, which are emulsified in aqueous media under conditions of gentle agitation and digestive motility that would be encountered in the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed to identify the efficient self-emulsification region and particle size distributions of the resultant microemulsions were determined using a laser diffraction sizer. Optimized formulations for in vitro dissolution and bioavailability assessment were Carpryol 90 (37%), Cremophor EL (28%), and Carbitol (28%). The release rate of simvastatin from SMEDDS was significantly higher than the conventional tablet. The prepared SMEDDS was compared with the conventional tablet (Zocor) by administering the prefilled hard capsules to fasted beagle dogs. The absorption of simvastatin acid from SMEDDS form resulted in about 1.5-fold increase in bioavailability compared with the conventional tablet. Our studies illustrated the potential use of SMEDDS for the delivery of hydrophobic compounds, such as simvastatin by the oral route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bok Ki Kang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Duckjin Dong, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea
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Gursoy RN, Benita S. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) for improved oral delivery of lipophilic drugs. Biomed Pharmacother 2004; 58:173-82. [PMID: 15082340 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2004.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 792] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral delivery of hydrophobic drugs presents a major challenge because of the low aqueous solubility of such compounds. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS), which are isotropic mixtures of oils, surfactants, solvents and co-solvents/surfactants, can be used for the design of formulations in order to improve the oral absorption of highly lipophilic drug compounds. SEDDS can be orally administered in soft or hard gelatin capsules and form fine relatively stable oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions upon aqueous dilution owing to the gentle agitation of the gastrointestinal fluids. The efficiency of oral absorption of the drug compound from the SEDDS depends on many formulation-related parameters, such as surfactant concentration, oil/surfactant ratio, polarity of the emulsion, droplet size and charge, all of which in essence determine the self-emulsification ability. Thus, only very specific pharmaceutical excipient combinations will lead to efficient self-emulsifying systems. Although many studies have been carried out, there are few drug products on the pharmaceutical market formulated as SEDDS confirming the difficulty of formulating hydrophobic drug compounds into such formulations. At present, there are four drug products, Sandimmune and Sandimmun Neoral (cyclosporin A), Norvir (ritonavir), and Fortovase (saquinavir) on the pharmaceutical market, the active compounds of which have been formulated into specific SEDDS. Significant improvement in the oral bioavailability of these drug compounds has been demonstrated for each case. The fact that almost 40% of the new drug compounds are hydrophobic in nature implies that studies with SEDDS will continue, and more drug compounds formulated as SEDDS will reach the pharmaceutical market in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Neslihan Gursoy
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
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Bravo González RC, Huwyler J, Walter I, Mountfield R, Bittner B. Improved oral bioavailability of cyclosporin A in male Wistar rats. Comparison of a Solutol HS 15 containing self-dispersing formulation and a microsuspension. Int J Pharm 2002; 245:143-51. [PMID: 12270251 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(02)00339-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Oral bioavailability of the highly lipophilic and poorly water-soluble immunosuppressive agent cyclosporin A (CyA) in two different formulations was investigated in male Wistar rats. An aqueous microsuspension and a self-dispersing formulation composed of the surface-active ingredients Solutol HS 15:Labrafil M2125CS:oleic acid=7:2:1 (v/v/v) were administered to the animals at a dose level of 20 mg/kg. In order to calculate the absolute oral bioavailability, CyA was additionally administered intravenously at 10 mg/kg as microsuspension. It was found that the oral bioavailability of CyA in the Solutol HS 15-based formulation was twofold higher as compared to the microsuspension (69.9+/-2.8 vs. 35.7+/-3.3%, P=0.001). By contrast, the time to reach maximum plasma concentration (t(max)) and the terminal half-life (t(1/2)) did not differ significantly with the different formulations (t(max): 7.0+/-1.0 vs. 6.3+/-1.7 h; t(1/2): 20.5+/-2.9 vs. 16.7+/-4.7 h). In vitro solubility experiments demonstrated a marked increase in the aqueous solubility of CyA in the presence of the self-dispersing formulation as compared to the micronized powder alone (solubility after 120 min at 37 degrees C: 136 vs. 23.2 microg/ml in human gastric juice; 133 vs. 10.8 microg/ml in simulated intestinal juice). Most likely, the enhanced systemic exposure of CyA in the self-dispersing formulation was caused by improved solubility of CyA in the gastrointestinal fluids in the presence of the surface-active ingredients. Additional factors that may have contributed to increased oral bioavailability are inhibition of metabolism and/or transport processes as well as permeability enhancement by the co-administered excipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Carlos Bravo González
- Pharmaceuticals Division, Discovery DMPK, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacher Strasse 124, CH-4070, Basel, Switzerland
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