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Pumphrey SA, Pizzirani S, Pirie CG, Anwer MS, Logvinenko T. Western blot patterns of serum autoantibodies against optic nerve antigens in dogs with goniodysgenesis-related glaucoma. Am J Vet Res 2013; 74:621-8. [PMID: 23531071 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.74.4.621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether differences existed between clinically normal dogs and dogs with goniodysgenesis-related glaucoma (GDRG) in serum autoantibodies against optic nerve antigens. ANIMALS 16 dogs with GDRG, 17 healthy dogs with unremarkable pectinate ligament and iridocorneal angle morphology, and 13 euthanized dogs with no major ocular abnormalities or underlying diseases. PROCEDURES Western blotting was performed with optic nerve extracts from the euthanized dogs as an antigen source and serum from clinically normal dogs and dogs with GDRG as a primary antibody (autoantibody) source. Blots were evaluated for presence and density of bands. RESULTS Multiple bands were identified on western blots from all dogs with GDRG and all clinically normal dogs, with a high degree of variability among individual dogs. Dogs with GDRG were significantly more likely than healthy dogs to have bands present at 38, 40, and 68 kDa. Dogs with GDRG had significant increases in autoreactivity at 40 and 53 kDa and a significant decrease in autoreactivity at 48 kDa. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Significant differences in serum autoantibodies against optic nerve antigens were found in dogs with versus without GDRG. Although it remains unclear whether these differences were part of the pathogenesis of disease or were sequelae to glaucomatous changes, these findings provide support for the hypothesis that immune-mediated mechanisms play a role in the development or progression of GDRG. However, the high degree of variability among individual dogs and the considerable overlap between groups suggest that the clinical usefulness of this technique for distinguishing dogs with GDRG from clinically normal dogs is likely limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Pumphrey
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA
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2
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Fesel C. Coreferentiality: a new method for the hypothesis-based analysis of phenotypes characterized by multivariate data. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33990. [PMID: 22479494 PMCID: PMC3315514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many multifactorial biologic effects, particularly in the context of complex human diseases, are still poorly understood. At the same time, the systematic acquisition of multivariate data has become increasingly easy. The use of such data to analyze and model complex phenotypes, however, remains a challenge. Here, a new analytic approach is described, termed coreferentiality, together with an appropriate statistical test. Coreferentiality is the indirect relation of two variables of functional interest in respect to whether they parallel each other in their respective relatedness to multivariate reference data, which can be informative for a complex effect or phenotype. It is shown that the power of coreferentiality testing is comparable to multiple regression analysis, sufficient even when reference data are informative only to a relatively small extent of 2.5%, and clearly exceeding the power of simple bivariate correlation testing. Thus, coreferentiality testing uses the increased power of multivariate analysis, however, in order to address a more straightforward interpretable bivariate relatedness. Systematic application of this approach could substantially improve the analysis and modeling of complex phenotypes, particularly in the context of human study where addressing functional hypotheses by direct experimentation is often difficult.
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Compensatory T-cell regulation in unaffected relatives of SLE patients, and opposite IL-2/CD25-mediated effects suggested by coreferentiality modeling. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33992. [PMID: 22479496 PMCID: PMC3315511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), diverse autoantibodies accumulate over years before disease manifestation. Unaffected relatives of SLE patients frequently share a sustained production of autoantibodies with indiscriminable specificity, usually without ever acquiring the disease. We studied relations of IgG autoantibody profiles and peripheral blood activated regulatory T-cells (aTregs), represented by CD4+CD25bright T-cells that were regularly 70–90% Foxp3+. We found consistent positive correlations of broad-range as well as specific SLE-associated IgG with aTreg frequencies within unaffected relatives, but not patients or unrelated controls. Our interpretation: unaffected relatives with shared genetic factors compensated pathogenic effects by aTregs engaged in parallel with the individual autoantibody production. To study this further, we applied a novel analytic approach named coreferentiality that tests the indirect relatedness of parameters in respect to multivariate phenotype data. Results show that independently of their direct correlation, aTreg frequencies and specific SLE-associated IgG were likely functionally related in unaffected relatives: they significantly parallelled each other in their relations to broad-range immunoblot autoantibody profiles. In unaffected relatives, we also found coreferential effects of genetic variation in the loci encoding IL-2 and CD25. A model of CD25 functional genetic effects constructed by coreferentiality maximization suggests that IL-2-CD25 interaction, likely stimulating aTregs in unaffected relatives, had an opposed effect in SLE patients, presumably triggering primarily T-effector cells in this group. Coreferentiality modeling as we do it here could also be useful in other contexts, particularly to explore combined functional genetic effects.
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Reichelt J, Joachim SC, Pfeiffer N, Grus FH. Analysis of autoantibodies against human retinal antigens in sera of patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Curr Eye Res 2008; 33:253-61. [PMID: 18350436 DOI: 10.1080/02713680701871157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to show that complex antibody patterns against retinal antigens in sera of patients with glaucoma, found in previous studies, are autoantibodies against human antigens. METHODS Sera of 179 patients were collected at the Department of Ophthalmology (University of Mainz, Germany): non-glaucomatous control patients (n=45), primary open-angle glaucoma (n=45), ocular hypertension (n=44), and normal tension glaucoma patients (n=45). The sera were tested against Western blots of human retinal antigens. IgG antibody patterns were analyzed by multivariate statistical techniques, and some significant antigens were identified by mass spectrometry. RESULTS All subjects, even healthy ones, showed different and complex banding patterns. Glaucoma groups showed up- and down-regulations of antibody reactivities compared to the control group. The multivariate analysis of discriminance found significant differences (p<0.05) in IgG antibody profiles between glaucoma groups, ocular hypertension, and healthy subjects against human retinal antigens. The antigen band at 12 kDa was identified as Histone H4 via mass spectrometry, the 29 kDa band as cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein, and one at 49 kDa as retinal S-antigen. CONCLUSIONS Using human retinal antigen, we demonstrated that complex autoantibody patterns exist in sera of patients with glaucoma. Large correlations with previous studies using bovine retinal antigens could be seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Reichelt
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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5
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Chanseaud Y, Tamby MC, Guilpain P, Reinbolt J, Kambouchner M, Boyer N, Noël LH, Guillevin L, Boissier MC, Mouthon L. Analysis of autoantibody repertoires in small- and medium-sized vessels vasculitides. Evidence for specific perturbations in polyarteritis nodosa, microscopic polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome and Wegener's granulomatosis. J Autoimmun 2005; 24:169-79. [PMID: 15829409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2004.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2004] [Revised: 10/19/2004] [Accepted: 11/03/2004] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In order to identify new antibody reactivities, we have used a quantitative immunoblotting technique on extracts of normal human tissues to analyze the repertoires of serum IgM, serum IgG and purified IgG autoantibodies of patients with systemic vasculitides. Patients fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology and Chapel Hill criteria for the diagnosis of polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) (n=8), PAN related to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (n=5), Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) (n=6), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) (n=18) or Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) (n=8). Sera from patients with chronic HBV infection without PAN (n=5) and age- and gender-matched healthy individuals (n=45) were used as controls. In the lung extract, IgM from 12/18 MPA patients reacted with high intensity with a 50 kDa band and serum IgG from 3/8 CSS patients bound to a 70 kDa protein band. In the artery extract, serum IgG from 6/18 MPA patients bound to an 85 kDa antigen, whereas purified IgG from all WG patients tested bound to a 28 kDa protein band and IgM from CSS patients bound to 2 main antigens of 38 and 60 kDa. These results provide evidence for the specificity of autoantibody repertoires from patients with PAN, WG, CSS and MPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youri Chanseaud
- UPRES EA 3408, Formation Associée Claude Bernard, UFR-SMBH-Léonard de Vinci, Bobigny, France
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6
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Singer HS, Loiselle CR, Lee O, Minzer K, Swedo S, Grus FH. Anti-basal ganglia antibodies in PANDAS. Mov Disord 2004; 19:406-15. [PMID: 15077238 DOI: 10.1002/mds.20052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
An autoimmune-mediated mechanism involving molecular mimicry has been proposed for a variety of pediatric movement disorders that occur after a streptococcal infection. In this study, anti-basal ganglia antibodies (ABGA) were measured in 15 children with the diagnosis of pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infection (PANDAS) and compared with those in 15 controls. ELISA and Western immunoblotting (WB) methods were used to detect ABGA against supernatant (S1), pellet (P2), and synaptosomal preparations from adult postmortem caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus. ELISA optical density values did not differ between PANDAS patients and controls across all preparations. Immunoblotting identified multiple bands in all subjects with no differences in the number of bands or their total density. Discriminant analysis, used to assess mean binding patterns, showed that PANDAS patients differed from controls only for the caudate S1 fraction (Wilks' lambda = 0.0236, P < 0.0002), with PANDAS-primarily tic subjects providing the greatest discrimination. Among the epitopes contributing to differences between PANDAS and control in the caudate S1 fraction, mean binding to the epitope at 183 kDa was the most different between groups. In conclusion, ELISA measurements do not differentiate between PANDAS and controls, suggesting a lack of major antibody changes in this disorder. Further immunoblot analyses using a caudate supernatant fraction are required to completely exclude the possibility of minor antibody repertoire differences in PANDAS subjects, especially in those who primarily have tics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey S Singer
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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7
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Gaertner S, de Graaf KL, Wienhold W, Wiesmüller KH, Melms A, Weissert R. Lack of pathogenicity of immunodominant T and B cell determinants of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ε-chain. J Neuroimmunol 2004; 152:44-56. [PMID: 15223236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2004.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2004] [Accepted: 03/24/2004] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is the autoantigen in seropositive myasthenia gravis (MG) that is a T cell-dependent B cell-mediated autoimmune disorder. We tested the immunogenicity and myasthenogenicity of the extracellular and first transmembrane domain of the epsilon-chain(1-221) of the nAChR in inbred and MHC congenic rat strains. Immunodominant T and B cell determinants did not induce experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG), although immunization resulted in strong Th1 and B cell responses, which could be mapped with overlapping peptides of the nAChR epsilon-subunit in eight different rat strains. Our data underscores the concept that immunodominant autoantigen-specific T and B cell responses can lack pathogenicity in autoimmune disease and might be of relevance for the physiological integrity of the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Gaertner
- Experimental Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of General Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Lefranc D, Almeras L, Dubucquoi S, de Seze J, Vermersch P, Prin L. Distortion of the Self-Reactive IgG Antibody Repertoire in Multiple Sclerosis as a New Diagnostic Tool. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2003; 172:669-78. [PMID: 14688380 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.1.669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To date, none of the myelin-associated Ag targets definitively discriminates between the immune response observed in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and healthy subjects. However, it has been shown recently that analysis of global immune Ab profiles such as natural autoantibody reactivities can help to distinguish between normal individuals and patients suffering from various immune diseases. The aim of our study was to compare the global IgG immune response against brain self-Ags in sera from 82 MS patients and 27 healthy subjects. The analysis of the immune profiles was performed by Western blotting, and data were subjected to linear discriminant analysis. Particular patterns of IgG reactivity were found in healthy subjects, Sjögren patients, and MS patients. Moreover, this approach separated the three clinical forms of MS with a high concordance rate with the clinical data (kappa value, 77.8%). Our study suggests, for the first time, that serum IgG Ab repertoires are able to distinguish MS patients. In addition, our data suggest that patterns of IgG reactivity could model the pathological processes underlying the various forms of MS. Further characterization of such discriminant Ags could provide useful information regarding their potent role in pathogenesis or regulatory processes in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Lefranc
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie Equipe d'Accueil 2686, Faculté de Médecine, Pôle Recherche, 1 Place de Verdun, 59045 Lille Cedex, France.
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9
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Chanseaud Y, García de la Peña-Lefebvre P, Guilpain P, Mahr A, Tamby MC, Uzan M, Guillevin L, Boissier MC, Mouthon L. IgM and IgG autoantibodies from microscopic polyangiitis patients but not those with other small- and medium-sized vessel vasculitides recognize multiple endothelial cell antigens. Clin Immunol 2003; 109:165-78. [PMID: 14597215 DOI: 10.1016/s1521-6616(03)00170-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Using a quantitative immunoblotting technique on extracts of macrovascular and microvascular endothelial cells (EC), we analyzed serum IgM and IgG reactivities of patients with active disease fulfilling the ACR and Chapel Hill criteria for the diagnosis of polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) (n = 8), PAN related to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (HBV-PAN) (n = 5), Wegener's granulomatosis (n = 6), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) (n = 18), Churg-Strauss syndrome (n = 8), and patients with chronic HBV infection without PAN (n = 5) and age- and gender-matched healthy individuals (n = 45). MPA patients' IgM bound to 200-, 105-, 80-, 65-, 45-, 35-, and 33-kDa major bands, whereas IgM from controls and other patients bound predominantly to the 65-kDa band in EC extracts. MPA patients' IgG reacted mainly with 105-, 70-, 55-, and 38-kDa protein bands, whereas IgG from controls and other patients did not. Our results provide evidence that IgM and to a lesser degree IgG from MPA patients specifically recognize multiple EC antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youri Chanseaud
- UPRES EA 3408, Formation Associée Claude-Bernard, UFR-SMBH Léonard-de-Vinci, Bobigny, France
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10
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Caligiuri G, Stahl D, Kaveri S, Irinopoulous T, Savoie F, Mandet C, Vandaele M, Kazatchkine MD, Michel JB, Nicoletti A. Autoreactive antibody repertoire is perturbed in atherosclerotic patients. J Transl Med 2003; 83:939-47. [PMID: 12861034 DOI: 10.1097/01.lab.0000077010.90550.ff] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with clinical symptoms of coronary atherosclerosis, T cells are activated and directed to autologous proteins contained in the active plaques, suggesting that autoimmune responses may play a role in atherosclerosis progression. Organ-specific autoimmune diseases are sometimes accompanied by broad alterations of serum autoreactive antibody repertoires. We thus investigated antibody repertoires at a global level, using a technique of immunoblotting that allows for the quantitative screening of antibody reactivities in complex antibody mixtures toward a large panel of antigens derived from homologous tissue extracts, followed by multiparametric statistical analysis of the data. We analyzed the autoreactive IgG repertoire in 20 patients with documented coronary atherosclerosis and in 20 matched healthy controls. Total proteins from atherosclerotic carotid specimens and normal arterial tissues (target organs) and from kidney, liver, and stomach (non-target control organs) were used as panels of antigens. Patients had a significantly perturbed antibody repertoire and an enhanced autoreactivity of IgG to target and non-target organs, as compared with controls. Reactivity of purified IgG to plaque and normal artery proteins was greater in patients, but reactivity of IgG in the whole serum toward normal arterial tissue was lower than in controls; this suggests that, in patients, autoreactivity toward normal arteries is regulated by serum factors. Our data indicate that atherosclerotic patients develop a perturbed humoral immune response directed toward arterial proteins, which impacts on the overall autoreactive repertoire. These findings further substantiate that autoimmune processes take place in atherosclerosis and most likely influence disease progression.
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11
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Vaz NM, de Faria AMC, Verdolin BA, Silva Neto AF, Menezes JS, Carvalho CR. The conservative physiology of the immune system. Braz J Med Biol Res 2003; 36:13-22. [PMID: 12532222 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2003000100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Current immunological opinion disdains the necessity to define global interconnections between lymphocytes and regards natural autoantibodies and autoreactive T cells as intrinsically pathogenic. Immunological theories address the recognition of foreignness by independent clones of lymphocytes, not the relations among lymphocytes or between lymphocytes and the organism. However, although extremely variable in cellular/molecular composition, the immune system preserves as invariant a set of essential relations among its components and constantly enacts contacts with the organism of which it is a component. These invariant relations are reflected, for example, in the life-long stability of profiles of reactivity of immunoglobulins formed by normal organisms (natural antibodies). Oral contacts with dietary proteins and the intestinal microbiota also result in steady states that lack the progressive quality of secondary-type reactivity. Autoreactivity (natural autoantibody and autoreactive T cell formation) is also stable and lacks the progressive quality of clonal expansion. Specific immune responses, currently regarded as the fundament of the operation of the immune system, may actually result from transient interruptions in this stable connectivity among lymphocytes. More permanent deficits in interconnectivity result in oligoclonal expansions of T lymphocytes, as seen in Omenn's syndrome and in the experimental transplantation of a suboptimal diversity of syngeneic T cells to immunodeficient hosts, which also have pathogenic consequences. Contrary to theories that forbid autoreactivity as potentially pathogenic, the physiology of the immune system is conservative and autoreactive. Pathology derives from failures of these conservative mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Vaz
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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Scuderi F, Marino M, Colonna L, Mannella F, Evoli A, Provenzano C, Bartoccioni E. Anti-p110 autoantibodies identify a subtype of "seronegative" myasthenia gravis with prominent oculobulbar involvement. J Transl Med 2002; 82:1139-46. [PMID: 12218074 DOI: 10.1097/01.lab.0000028144.48023.9b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease characterized by muscle weakness and pathogenetic autoantibodies directed against the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (seropositive myasthenia gravis; SPMG). Nearly 15% to 20% of MG patients do not have these antibodies (seronegative myasthenia gravis; SNMG), but several evidence indicate that these patients have circulating pathogenic autoantibodies directed against other muscle antigens. Using the TE671 rhabdomyosarcoma cell line as an antigen source, we analyzed sera from 63 SNMG and 26 SPMG patients and 26 healthy blood donors by FACS analysis. We found that 40 of 63 SNMG patients and only 1 of 26 SPMG patients had IgG binding to the TE671 cell line. None of the sera bound to the unrelated MRC5 cell line. To identify the antigen, we analyzed sera immunoreactivity in more detail by immunoprecipitation of biotinylated membrane proteins from TE671 cells. When the immunoprecipitated proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and then transferred to nitrocellulose membranes, we found that SNMG IgG identify a band corresponding to a protein with a molecular weight of 110 kDa (P110), which is not recognized by seropositive MG sera. This anti-P110 immunoreactivity is significantly associated with a distinct clinical picture characterized by a prominent involvement of ocular and bulbar muscles, with frequent respiratory problems (p < 0.005), and is recognized by a specific antimuscle specific kinase (MuSK) antiserum. In a recent article, the presence of anti-MuSK antibodies was described in SNMG. Our results confirm the presence of these antibodies in SNMG and suggest that anti-P110/MuSK autoantibodies identify a subtype of SNMG in which the different pathogenesis induces the distinct clinical picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Scuderi
- Institute of General Pathology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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13
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Stahl D, Venetz JP, Lacroix-Desmazes S, Rondeau E, Bonnin E, Kazatchkine MD, Ronco P, Kaveri SV. Idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis is associated with altered patterns of self-reactive IgM and IgG antibody repertoires. Scand J Immunol 2001; 54:534-42. [PMID: 11696207 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.2001.00999.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) is an immune complex nephropathy characterized by the subepithelial deposition of immunoglobulin (Ig)G. The pathogenesis of the disease remains largely unknown, but recent evidence suggests that human MGN may involve an autoimmune component. In the present study, we have analyzed the IgM and IgG antibody repertoires of patients with MGN towards self- and nonself-antigens using a technique of quantitative immunoblotting on a panel of whole human tissue or solubilized bacterial cell extracts as sources of antigens. Data were compared by means of multiparametric statistical analysis. We demonstrate that the antibody repertoires of self-reactive IgM and IgG in plasma of patients with MGN exhibit significantly altered patterns of reactivity, as compared with those of healthy controls. In contrast, multiparametric statistical analysis does not discriminate the reactivity patterns of IgM and IgG in plasma of patients and healthy controls towards nonself antigens. These observations indicate that a failure in the regulation of physiological self-reactivity is associated with immune complex nephropathy in MGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Stahl
- INSERM U430 and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Hôpital Broussais, 96 rue Didot, 75014 Paris, France
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Wendlandt JT, Grus FH, Hansen BH, Singer HS. Striatal antibodies in children with Tourette's syndrome: multivariate discriminant analysis of IgG repertoires. J Neuroimmunol 2001; 119:106-13. [PMID: 11525807 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(01)00370-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Antineuronal antibodies have been postulated to be the underlying pathophysiology in TS and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Serum antibodies from 20 children with TS, and 21 control subjects against human striatum, globus pallidus, muscle, and HTB-10 cells were assayed by Western blot techniques. A MANOVA differentiated between TS and control blots, and a discriminant analysis demonstrated which variables contributed most to differences between groups. Prominent differences between TS and control blots were identified using striatal epitopes in contrast to similar patterns shown between groups for globus pallidus, muscle and HTB-10 tissue, supporting striatal autoimmune involvement in TS pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Wendlandt
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Harvey 811, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287-8811, USA
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Blaes F, Beeson D, Plested P, Lang B, Vincent A. IgG from ?seronegative? myasthenia gravis patients binds to a muscle cell line, TE671, but not to human acetylcholine receptor. Ann Neurol 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1531-8249(200004)47:4<504::aid-ana14>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Stahl D, Lacroix-Desmazes S, Mouthon L, Kaveri SV, Kazatchkine MD. Analysis of human self-reactive antibody repertoires by quantitative immunoblotting. J Immunol Methods 2000; 240:1-14. [PMID: 10854596 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1759(00)00185-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We review the use of a quantitative immunoblotting technique to characterize human self-reactive antibody repertoires in health and disease. The interactions of plasma IgM and IgG with tissue extracts as sources of self-antigens were analyzed by quantitative immunoblotting. Data were compared by means of multiparametric statistical analysis. The data summarized here demonstrate that natural self-reactive antibody repertoires of healthy individuals are restricted to a limited subset of immunodominant autoantigens that is selected early in development, and remains conserved between individuals through ageing. The selection of human natural self-reactive IgG antibody repertoires requires normal T-/B-cell interactions. The immunoblotting assay has the potential to distinguish between autoimmune diseases with organ-related oligoclonal expansion of self-reactive clones and those characterized by broad alterations of immunoregulation. However, organ-specific autoimmune diseases may be characterized by altered patterns of antibody repertoires unrelated to the target organ. The assay also revealed an unexpected defect in the regulatory function of self-reactive IgM on the expression of self-reactive IgG repertoires in several systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases. The results are discussed in the light of our current understanding of the processes of selection of self-reactive B-cells and the pathophysiology of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Stahl
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U430 and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Hôpital Broussais, Paris, France.
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Altered control of self-reactive IgG by autologous IgM in patients with warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Blood 2000. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.v95.1.328.001k10_328_335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (WAIHA) is characterized by an accelerated clearance of red blood cells (RBCs) associated with the presence of anti-RBC immunoglobulin (Ig)G autoantibodies. In the present study, we analyzed the self-reactive IgG and IgM antibody repertoires of patients with WAIHA using a technique of quantitative immunoblotting on a panel of whole tissue extracts as sources of self-antigens. Data were compared by means of multiparametric statistical analysis. We demonstrate that self-reactive antibody repertoires of IgG purified from plasma and of IgG purified from RBC eluates do not differ between healthy donors and patients with WAIHA, whereas autoreactive repertoires of IgM from patients exhibit broadly altered patterns of reactivity as compared with those of healthy controls. We further demonstrate that IgG purified from eluates of RBCs of healthy donors induces agglutination of RBCs in an indirect Coombs assay to a similar extent as IgG purified from eluates of RBCs of patients with WAIHA. The capability of IgG to induce agglutination of RBCs is suppressed in unfractionated eluates of healthy donors' cells, whereas it is readily found in unfractionated eluates of patients' RBCs. IgM is an essential factor in controlling the ability of IgG in unfractionated RBC eluates to induce agglutination of RBCs. These observations indicate that anti-RBC IgG autoantibodies of patients with WAIHA share extensive similarity with natural antiRBC autoantibodies of healthy donors and suggest that defective control of IgG autoreactivity by autologous IgM is an underlying mechanism for autoimmune hemolysis in WAIHA. (Blood. 2000;95:328-335)
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Altered control of self-reactive IgG by autologous IgM in patients with warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Blood 2000. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.v95.1.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractWarm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (WAIHA) is characterized by an accelerated clearance of red blood cells (RBCs) associated with the presence of anti-RBC immunoglobulin (Ig)G autoantibodies. In the present study, we analyzed the self-reactive IgG and IgM antibody repertoires of patients with WAIHA using a technique of quantitative immunoblotting on a panel of whole tissue extracts as sources of self-antigens. Data were compared by means of multiparametric statistical analysis. We demonstrate that self-reactive antibody repertoires of IgG purified from plasma and of IgG purified from RBC eluates do not differ between healthy donors and patients with WAIHA, whereas autoreactive repertoires of IgM from patients exhibit broadly altered patterns of reactivity as compared with those of healthy controls. We further demonstrate that IgG purified from eluates of RBCs of healthy donors induces agglutination of RBCs in an indirect Coombs assay to a similar extent as IgG purified from eluates of RBCs of patients with WAIHA. The capability of IgG to induce agglutination of RBCs is suppressed in unfractionated eluates of healthy donors' cells, whereas it is readily found in unfractionated eluates of patients' RBCs. IgM is an essential factor in controlling the ability of IgG in unfractionated RBC eluates to induce agglutination of RBCs. These observations indicate that anti-RBC IgG autoantibodies of patients with WAIHA share extensive similarity with natural antiRBC autoantibodies of healthy donors and suggest that defective control of IgG autoreactivity by autologous IgM is an underlying mechanism for autoimmune hemolysis in WAIHA. (Blood. 2000;95:328-335)
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Abstract
The prevalence and incidence of myasthenia gravis is higher than previously thought. A potentially immunodominant T cell has been defined. The specific voltage-gated calcium channel subtype that is targeted by antibodies in the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome has been identified, and there is further evidence for the pathogenic role of autoantibodies in some cases of fetal arthrogryposis and in acquired neuromyotonia, Morvan's syndrome and Miller-Fisher syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vincent
- University of Oxford, Department of Clinical Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, UK.
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Vassilev T, Yamamoto M, Aissaoui A, Bonnin E, Berrih-Aknin S, Kazatchkine MD, Kaveri SV. Normal human immunoglobulin suppresses experimental myasthenia gravis in SCID mice. Eur J Immunol 1999; 29:2436-42. [PMID: 10458757 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4141(199908)29:08<2436::aid-immu2436>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Serum IgM has been shown to participate in the control of IgG autoreactivity in healthy subjects. We have recently shown that an immunoglobulin preparation of pooled normal human IgM (IVIgM) contains anti-idiotypic antibodies against disease-associated IgG autoantibodies in autoimmune patients and protects rats from experimental autoimmunity. The aim of the present study was to asses the in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory effects of IVIgM in comparison with IgG, in SCID mice reconstituted with thymic cells from a myasthenia gravis patient. Non-leaky SCID mice were injected i.p. with 60 x 10(6) thymic cells from a patient with myasthenia gravis and 1 day later boosted with 10(6) irradiated acetylcholine receptor (AchR)-expressing TE671 cells. On days 14, 21 and 28, mice were treated with IVIgM or with equimolar amounts of human serum albumin. The level of anti-AchR antibodies in the sera of three out of four IgM-treated animals was less than 1 nM. Further, there was a significant decrease in the loss of endplate AchR on the diaphragms of IgM-treated SCID mice. These findings indicate that pooled normal IgM exerts an immunoregulatory role in experimental myasthenia gravis, and suggests that IgM may be considered as an alternative approach in the therapy of autommune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Vassilev
- INSERM U430 and Université Pierre et Marie Curie Hôpital Broussais, Paris, France
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Lacroix-Desmazes S, Resnick I, Stahl D, Mouthon L, Espanol T, Levy J, Kaveri SV, Notarangelo L, Eibl M, Fischer A, Ochs H, Kazatchkine MD. Defective Self-Reactive Antibody Repertoire of Serum IgM in Patients with Hyper-IgM Syndrome. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.9.5601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
We have analyzed the self-reactive repertoires of IgM and IgG Abs in the serum of 19 patients with hyper-IgM syndrome (HIM) by means of a quantitative immunoblotting technique that allows for a quantitative comparison of Ab repertoires in health and disease by multiparametric statistical analysis. Normal tissue extracts of liver, lung, stomach, and kidney were used as sources of self Ags. Extracts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis were used as sources of nonself Ags. We demonstrate a significant bias in repertoires of reactivities of IgM of patients with HIM with self Ags. Ab repertoires of IgM toward nonself Ags did not differ, however, between patients and controls. No difference was found between IgM repertoires of untreated patients and those of patients receiving substitutive treatment with i.v. IgG. IgG in the serum of HIM patients lacked reactivity with self Ags, although it exhibited a pattern of reactivity with nonself Ags that was similar to that of IgG of healthy controls. The data demonstrate that functional CD40-CD40 ligand interactions are essential for the selection of natural self-reactive B cell repertoires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Lacroix-Desmazes
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unit 430 and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Hôpital Broussais, Paris, France
| | - Igor Resnick
- †Research Institute of Hematology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dorothea Stahl
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unit 430 and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Hôpital Broussais, Paris, France
| | - Luc Mouthon
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unit 430 and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Hôpital Broussais, Paris, France
| | | | - Jacov Levy
- §Department of Pediatrics, Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Srini V. Kaveri
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unit 430 and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Hôpital Broussais, Paris, France
| | | | - Martha Eibl
- ∥Institute of Immunology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alain Fischer
- #INSERM, Unit 429, Hôpital des Enfants-Malades, Paris, France; and
| | - Hans Ochs
- **Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Michel D. Kazatchkine
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unit 430 and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Hôpital Broussais, Paris, France
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