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Qiu M, Shen H, Ji W, Fan Q. Assessing the causal role of immune traits in rheumatoid arthritis by bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:205833. [PMID: 38761178 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common autoimmune joint disorders that leads to cartilage degradation. However, its specific correlation with immune cells has not been thoroughly clarified. Based on the two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, the association between RA and 731 immune phenotypes which include morphological parameters (MP), relative cell (RC), median fluorescence intensities (MFI), and absolute cells (AC) was comprehensively determined. After false discovery rate correction, RA and immunophenotypes were statistically associated with each other. It was observed that four immune phenotypes, including 1 MPs, 8 RCs, 15 MFIs, and 10 ACs were causally associated with the risk of RA. Meanwhile, several identified immune traits could serve as independent factors for RA and be robust against pleiotropy. While considering the role of RA in immune traits, the involvement of RA in multiple immunophenotypes including CD62L- myeloid DC AC, CD3 on secreting Treg, CD3 on activated and secreting Treg, and CD3 on CD4 Treg was revealed. This study is the first comprehensive evaluation of the interaction between immune response and RA risk, thus providing therapeutic strategies for RA from an immunological perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Qiu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Linping Campus, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311199, China
| | - Huiyun Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Lishui, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Weiping Ji
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Lishui, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Qiuping Fan
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Lishui, Lishui 323000, China
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2
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Hardtke-Wolenski M, Landwehr-Kenzel S. Tipping the balance in autoimmunity: are regulatory t cells the cause, the cure, or both? Mol Cell Pediatr 2024; 11:3. [PMID: 38507159 PMCID: PMC10954601 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-024-00176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a specialized subgroup of T-cell lymphocytes that is crucial for maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing excessive immune responses. Depending on their differentiation route, Tregs can be subdivided into thymically derived Tregs (tTregs) and peripherally induced Tregs (pTregs), which originate from conventional T cells after extrathymic differentiation at peripheral sites. Although the regulatory attributes of tTregs and pTregs partially overlap, their modes of action, protein expression profiles, and functional stability exhibit specific characteristics unique to each subset. Over the last few years, our knowledge of Treg differentiation, maturation, plasticity, and correlations between their phenotypes and functions has increased. Genetic and functional studies in patients with numeric and functional Treg deficiencies have contributed to our mechanistic understanding of immune dysregulation and autoimmune pathologies. This review provides an overview of our current knowledge of Treg biology, discusses monogenetic Treg pathologies and explores the role of Tregs in various other autoimmune disorders. Additionally, we discuss novel approaches that explore Tregs as targets or agents of innovative treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hardtke-Wolenski
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
- University Hospital Essen, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, Essen, 45122, Germany
| | - Sybille Landwehr-Kenzel
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany.
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany.
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3
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Mazalo JK, Tay SS, Kempe D, Biro M. Chemokine receptor distribution on the surface of repolarizing T cells. Biophys J 2024:S0006-3495(24)00100-0. [PMID: 38327056 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
T cells migrate constitutively with a polarized morphology, underpinned by signaling compartmentalization and discrete cytoskeletal organizations, giving rise to a dynamic and expansive leading edge, distinct from the stable and constricted uropod at the rear. In vivo, the motion and function of T cells at various stages of differentiation is highly directed by chemokine gradients. When cognate ligands bind chemokine receptors on their surface, T cells respond by reorientating their polarity axis and migrating toward the source of the chemokine signal. Despite the significance of such chemotactic repolarization to the accurate navigation and function of T cells, the precise signaling mechanisms that underlie it remain elusive. Notably, it remained unclear whether the distribution of chemokine receptors on the T cell surface is altered during repolarization. Here, we developed parallel cell-secreted and microfluidics-based chemokine gradient delivery methods and employed both fixed imaging and live lattice light-sheet microscopy to investigate the dynamics of chemokine receptor CCR5 on the surface of primary murine CD8+ T cells. Our findings show that, during constitutive migration, chemokine receptor distribution is largely isotropic on the T cell surface. However, upon exposure to a CCL3 gradient, surface chemokine receptor distributions exhibit a transient bias toward the uropod. The chemokine receptors then progressively redistribute from the uropod to cover the T cell surface uniformly. This study sheds new light on the dynamics of surface chemokine receptor distribution during T cell repolarization, advancing our understanding of the signaling of immune cells in the complex chemokine landscapes they navigate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Mazalo
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science Node, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Szun S Tay
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science Node, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daryan Kempe
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science Node, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Maté Biro
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science Node, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Devan J, Nosi V, Spagnuolo J, Chancellor A, Beshirova A, Loureiro JP, Vacchini A, Hendrik Niess J, Calogero R, Mori L, De Libero G, Hruz P. Surface protein and functional analyses identify CD4+CD39+ TCR αβ+ and activated TCR Vδ1+ cells with distinct pro-inflammatory functions in Crohn's disease lesions. Clin Exp Immunol 2024; 215:79-93. [PMID: 37586415 PMCID: PMC10776239 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic immune-mediated disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. Extensive screening studies have revealed the accumulation of immune cell subsets with unique plasticity and immunoregulatory properties in patients with CD. We performed phenotypic and functional studies on inflamed and non-inflamed bioptic tissue to investigate the presence of distinct T cells in the intestinal mucosa of CD patients. We analysed hundreds of surface molecules expressed on cells isolated from the intestinal tissue of CD patients using anti-CD45 mAbs-based barcoding. A gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that proteins that regulate the activation of T cells were the most enriched group. We, therefore, designed T-cell focused multicolour flow-cytometry panels and performed clustering analysis which revealed an accumulation of activated TEM CD4+CD39+ T cells producing IL-17 and IL-21 and increased frequency of terminally differentiated TCR Vδ1+ cells producing TNF-α and IFN-γ in inflamed tissue of CD patients. The different functional capacities of CD4+ and TCR Vδ1+ cells in CD lesions indicate their non-overlapping contribution to inflammation. The abnormally high number of terminally differentiated TCR Vδ1+ cells suggests that they are continuously activated in inflamed tissue, making them a potential target for novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Devan
- Experimental Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Nosi
- Experimental Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Julian Spagnuolo
- Experimental Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Chancellor
- Experimental Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aisha Beshirova
- Experimental Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jose Pedro Loureiro
- Experimental Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Vacchini
- Experimental Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan Hendrik Niess
- Gastroenterology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Clarunis, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raffaele Calogero
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Lucia Mori
- Experimental Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gennaro De Libero
- Experimental Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Petr Hruz
- Experimental Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Basel, Switzerland
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Maeda K, Tanioka T, Takahashi R, Watanabe H, Sueki H, Takimoto M, Hashimoto SI, Ikeo K, Miwa Y, Kasama T, Iwamoto S. MCAM+CD161- Th17 Subset Expressing CD83 Enhances Tc17 Response in Psoriasis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:1867-1881. [PMID: 37186262 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the pathogenic roles of IL-17-producing CD8+ T cells (T-cytotoxic 17 [Tc17]) in psoriasis. However, the underlying mechanisms of Tc17 induction remain unclear. In this study, we focused on the pathogenic subsets of Th17 and their mechanism of promotion of Tc17 responses. We determined that the pathogenic Th17-enriched fraction expressed melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM) and CCR6, but not CD161, because this subset produced IL-17A abundantly and the presence of these cells in the peripheral blood of patients has been correlated with the severity of psoriasis. Intriguingly, the serial analysis of gene expression revealed that CCR6+MCAM+CD161-CD4+ T cells displayed the gene profile for adaptive immune responses, including CD83, which is an activator for CD8+ T cells. Coculture assay with or without intercellular contact between CD4+ and CD8+ T cells showed that CCR6+MCAM+CD161-CD4+ T cells induced the proliferation of CD8+ T cells in a CD83-dependent manner. However, the production of IL-17A by CD8+ T cells required exogenous IL-17A, suggesting that intercellular contact via CD83 and the production of IL-17A from activated CD4+ T cells elicit Tc17 responses. Intriguingly, the CD83 expression was enhanced in the presence of IL-15, and CD83+ cells stimulated with IL-1β, IL-23, IL-15, and IL-15Rα did not express FOXP3. Furthermore, CCR6+MCAM+CD161-CD4+ T cells expressing CD83 were increased in the peripheral blood of patients, and the CD83+ Th17-type cells accumulated in the lesional skin of psoriasis. In conclusion, pathogenic MCAM+CD161- Th17 cells may be involved in the Tc17 responses via IL-17A and CD83 in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Maeda
- Division of Physiology and Pathology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Tanioka
- Division of Physiology and Pathology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rei Takahashi
- Division of Physiology and Pathology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Watanabe
- Department of Dermatology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Sueki
- Department of Dermatology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Takimoto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kazuho Ikeo
- DNA Data Analysis Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Miwa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kasama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sanju Iwamoto
- Division of Physiology and Pathology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
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Wegrzyn AS, Kedzierska AE, Obojski A. Identification and classification of distinct surface markers of T regulatory cells. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1055805. [PMID: 36741366 PMCID: PMC9892051 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1055805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Regulatory T (Treg) cells have emerged as key players in the maintenance of immune homeostasis. Although significant progress has been made in recent years to define the Treg surface markers involved with or identifying their suppressive function, there remains much to be elucidated, and many questions persist. This study determined the expression of surface markers on human peripheral Treg cells and conventional T (Tconv) cells in a steady state and after activation to gain insight into their mechanism of action and more precisely characterize this regulatory population in humans. Methods To screen Treg and Tconv cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from volunteers, stained with a commercially available lyophilized antibody array comprising 371 surface antigens, and analyzed by flow cytometry. To compare Treg cells with activated Tconv cells, PBMCs were stimulated with PMA and further stained similar to freshly isolated cells. Results Treg and Tconv cells were positive for 135 and 168 of the 371 antigens, respectively. Based on the frequency distribution, all of the most highly expressed markers identified were shared by both Treg and Tconv cells and participate in T cell activation, act as costimulatory and signaling molecules, or exhibit adhesion and migratory functions. Additionally, we identified several differences in marker expression between Treg and Tconv cells, with most found in the expression of co-stimulatory (ICOS, GITR, 4-1BB) and co-inhibitory (TIGIT, CTLA-4) molecules, as well as chemokine receptors (CXCR4, CXCR5, CCR4, CCR5, CCR7, CCR8, and CXCR7). Furthermore, post-activation expression of surface molecules identified molecules capable of discriminating Treg cells from activated Tconv cells (GITR, 4-1BB, TIGIT, CD120b, and CD39); however, almost all of these markers were also expressed in a small fraction of activated Tconv cells. Conclusions These results offer insight into the biology of Tregs and contribute to their accurate identification and characterization in variety of immunological diseases as well as physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka S. Wegrzyn
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Bioengineering Group, Wroclaw, Poland,*Correspondence: Agnieszka S. Wegrzyn,
| | - Anna E. Kedzierska
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Bioengineering Group, Wroclaw, Poland,Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Obojski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Allergology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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Inflammatory Cytokines That Enhance Antigen Responsiveness of Naïve CD8 + T Lymphocytes Modulate Chromatin Accessibility of Genes Impacted by Antigen Stimulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214122. [PMID: 36430600 PMCID: PMC9698886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Naïve CD8+ T lymphocytes exposed to certain inflammatory cytokines undergo proliferation and display increased sensitivity to antigens. Such 'cytokine priming' can promote the activation of potentially autoreactive and antitumor CD8+ T cells by weak tissue antigens and tumor antigens. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of cytokine priming, naïve PMEL-1 TCR transgenic CD8+ T lymphocytes were stimulated with IL-15 and IL-21, and chromatin accessibility was assessed using the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin (ATAC) sequencing. PMEL-1 cells stimulated by the cognate antigenic peptide mgp10025-33 served as controls. Cytokine-primed cells showed a limited number of opening and closing chromatin accessibility peaks compared to antigen-stimulated cells. However, the ATACseq peaks in cytokine-primed cells substantially overlapped with those of antigen-stimulated cells and mapped to several genes implicated in T cell signaling, activation, effector differentiation, negative regulation and exhaustion. Nonetheless, the expression of most of these genes was remarkably different between cytokine-primed and antigen-stimulated cells. In addition, cytokine priming impacted the expression of several genes following antigen stimulation in a synergistic or antagonistic manner. Our findings indicate that chromatin accessibility changes in cytokine-primed naïve CD8+ T cells not only underlie their increased antigen responsiveness but may also enhance their functional fitness by reducing exhaustion without compromising regulatory controls.
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8
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Al Moussawy M, Abdelsamed HA. Non-cytotoxic functions of CD8 T cells: “repentance of a serial killer”. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1001129. [PMID: 36172358 PMCID: PMC9511018 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1001129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic CD8 T cells (CTLs) are classically described as the “serial killers” of the immune system, where they play a pivotal role in protective immunity against a wide spectrum of pathogens and tumors. Ironically, they are critical drivers of transplant rejection and autoimmune diseases, a scenario very similar to the famous novel “The strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde”. Until recently, it has not been well-appreciated whether CTLs can also acquire non-cytotoxic functions in health and disease. Several investigations into this question revealed their non-cytotoxic functions through interactions with various immune and non-immune cells. In this review, we will establish a new classification for CD8 T cell functions including cytotoxic and non-cytotoxic. Further, we will discuss this novel concept and speculate on how these functions could contribute to homeostasis of the immune system as well as immunological responses in transplantation, cancer, and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouhamad Al Moussawy
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hossam A. Abdelsamed
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Hossam A. Abdelsamed,
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9
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Moldenhauer LM, Jin M, Wilson JJ, Green ES, Sharkey DJ, Salkeld MD, Bristow TC, Hull ML, Dekker GA, Robertson SA. Regulatory T Cell Proportion and Phenotype Are Altered in Women Using Oral Contraception. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6628694. [PMID: 35786711 PMCID: PMC9354970 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are a specialized CD4+ T cell subpopulation that are essential for immune homeostasis, immune tolerance, and protection against autoimmunity. There is evidence that sex-steroid hormones estrogen and progesterone modulate Treg cell abundance and phenotype in women. Since natural oscillations in these hormones are modified by hormonal contraceptives, we examined whether oral contraception (OC) use impacts Treg cells and related T cell populations. T cells were analyzed by multiparameter flow cytometry in peripheral blood collected across the menstrual cycle from healthy women either using OC or without hormonal contraception and from age-matched men. Compared to naturally cycling women, women using OC had fewer Treg cells and an altered Treg cell phenotype. Notably, Treg cells exhibiting a strongly suppressive phenotype, defined by high FOXP3, CD25, Helios, HLADR, CTLA4, and Ki67, comprised a lower proportion of total Treg cells, particularly in the early- and mid-cycle phases. The changes were moderate compared to more substantial differences in Treg cells between women and men, wherein women had fewer Treg cells-especially of the effector memory Treg cell subset-associated with more T helper type 1 (Th1) cells and CD8+ T cells and lower Treg:Th1 cell and Treg:CD8+ T cell ratios than men. These findings imply that OC can modulate the number and phenotype of peripheral blood Treg cells and raise the possibility that Treg cells contribute to the physiological changes and altered disease susceptibility linked with OC use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jasmine J Wilson
- Robinson Research Institute and School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ella S Green
- Robinson Research Institute and School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - David J Sharkey
- Robinson Research Institute and School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Mark D Salkeld
- Robinson Research Institute and School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Thomas C Bristow
- Robinson Research Institute and School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - M Louise Hull
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gustaaf A Dekker
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Division of Women’s Health, Lyell McEwin Hospital, Elizabeth Vale, Australia
| | - Sarah A Robertson
- Correspondence: Sarah A. Robertson, PhD, Robinson Research Institute and the School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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Shen L, Xiao Y, Zhang C, Li S, Teng X, Cui L, Liu T, Wu N, Lu Z. Metabolic reprogramming by ex vivo glutamine inhibition endows CAR-T cells with less-differentiated phenotype and persistent antitumor activity. Cancer Lett 2022; 538:215710. [PMID: 35489446 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The inadequate in vivo persistence of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells has been shown to lead to poor therapeutic efficacy and disease recurrence. In vivo persistence is associated with the differentiation subsets infused, with less differentiated TN or TCM conferring superior renewal capacity and antitumor immunity compared to TEM or TEFF. However, ex vivo expanded CAR-T cells exhibit phenotypic heterogeneity with majority of TEM or TEFF subsets and very low populations of TN and TCM. The transition of differentiation subsets is closely correlated with T cell metabolism fitness. Effector T cell differentiation from TN or TCM requires glutamine uptake and metabolism. Using a CD19-specific CAR, we demonstrated that glutamine inhibition by adding the glutamine antagonist 6-Diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine (DON) into the culture endows CAR-T cells with enhanced mitochondrial OXPHOS utilizing fatty acids and reduced glycolytic activity, and retains more TN or TCM subsets. DON- pretreated CAR-T cells exhibited stronger cytotoxic lysis in vitro and more robust elimination of tumor burdens in vivo. This study suggests that glutamine inhibition ex vivo would be a potential approach for modulating metabolism and differentiation state to improve the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yefei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Chaoting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Shance Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xia Teng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Likun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Zheming Lu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
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11
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Watanabe N, Mo F, McKenna MK. Impact of Manufacturing Procedures on CAR T Cell Functionality. Front Immunol 2022; 13:876339. [PMID: 35493513 PMCID: PMC9043864 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.876339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modified T cell therapy has rapidly expanded in the past few decades. As of today, there are six CAR T cell products that have been approved by the FDA: KYMRIAH (tisagenlecleucel, CD19 CAR T cells), YESCARTA (axicabtagene ciloleucel, CD19 CAR T cells), TECARTUS (brexucabtagene autoleucel, CD19 CAR T cells), BREYANZI (lisocabtagene maraleucel, CD19 CAR T cells), ABECMA (idecabtagene vicleucel, BCMA CAR T cells) and CARVYKTI (ciltacabtagene autoleucel, BCMA CAR T cells). With this clinical success, CAR T cell therapy has become one of the most promising treatment options to combat cancers. Current research efforts focus on further potentiating its efficacy in non-responding patients and solid tumor settings. To achieve this, recent evidence suggested that, apart from developing next-generation CAR T cells with additional genetic modifications, ex vivo culture conditions could significantly impact CAR T cell functionality – an often overlooked aspect during clinical translation. In this review, we focus on the ex vivo manufacturing process for CAR T cells and discuss how it impacts CAR T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiro Watanabe
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Norihiro Watanabe,
| | - Feiyan Mo
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mary Kathryn McKenna
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
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12
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Wen X, Nian S, Wei G, Kang P, Yang Y, Li L, Ye Y, Zhang L, Wang S, Yuan Q. Changes in the phenotype and function of mucosal-associated invariant T cells in neutrophilic asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 106:108606. [PMID: 35180624 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic heterogeneous inflammatory disease. Most neutrophilic asthma (NA) cases are severe asthma involving many inflammatory cells and mediators, although the specific pathogenesis is not clear. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells as innate-like T lymphocytes play an important role in the immune response in asthma by producing cytokines. In this study, we evaluated the phenotype and function of circulating MAIT cells in patients with NA and inflammatory-related cytokines in plasma and induced sputum supernatants using flow cytometry. The results showed that the frequency of circulating MAIT cells in asthma patients, particularly NA patients, decreased significantly, and CD8+ MAIT and MAIT Temra cells also decreased significantly. Increased expression of CD69 and PD-1 on MAIT cells indicated excessive activation and depletion, leading to the decrease in MAIT cells. Levels of IL-17A and TNF-α secreted by MAIT cells of NA patients increased, whereas IFN-γ levels decreased, indicating that MAIT cells in NA are biased to the Th17 subtype. MAIT cells were also negatively correlated with clinical parameters, indicating that these cells are related to asthma severity. Pro-inflammatory cytokines in plasma and sputum supernatant increased to varying degrees, whereas IL-10 declined, corresponding with asthma severity. We speculate that increased IL-17A and TNF-α synergistically stimulated respiratory epithelial cells to secrete IL-6 and IL-8, thereby recruiting neutrophils to inflammatory sites and aggravating asthma symptoms. Therefore, MAIT cells could serve as a potential therapeutic target in NA immunity, thus providing a new strategy for the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China.
| | - Siji Nian
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, Immune Mechanism and Therapy of Major Diseases of Luzhou Key Laboratory, the School of Basic Medical Science of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
| | - Gang Wei
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China.
| | - Pengyuan Kang
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, Immune Mechanism and Therapy of Major Diseases of Luzhou Key Laboratory, the School of Basic Medical Science of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
| | - Yaqi Yang
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, Immune Mechanism and Therapy of Major Diseases of Luzhou Key Laboratory, the School of Basic Medical Science of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
| | - Lin Li
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, Immune Mechanism and Therapy of Major Diseases of Luzhou Key Laboratory, the School of Basic Medical Science of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
| | - Yingchun Ye
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, Immune Mechanism and Therapy of Major Diseases of Luzhou Key Laboratory, the School of Basic Medical Science of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, Immune Mechanism and Therapy of Major Diseases of Luzhou Key Laboratory, the School of Basic Medical Science of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
| | - Songping Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China.
| | - Qing Yuan
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, Immune Mechanism and Therapy of Major Diseases of Luzhou Key Laboratory, the School of Basic Medical Science of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
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13
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Magnusen AF, Rani R, McKay MA, Hatton SL, Nyamajenjere TC, Magnusen DNA, Köhl J, Grabowski GA, Pandey MK. C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 9 and Its CXCR3 Receptor Are the Salt and Pepper for T Cells Trafficking in a Mouse Model of Gaucher Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312712. [PMID: 34884512 PMCID: PMC8657559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease is a lysosomal storage disease, which happens due to mutations in GBA1/Gba1 that encodes the enzyme termed as lysosomal acid β-glucosidase. The major function of this enzyme is to catalyze glucosylceramide (GC) into glucose and ceramide. The deficiency of this enzyme and resultant abnormal accumulation of GC cause altered function of several of the innate and adaptive immune cells. For example, augmented infiltration of T cells contributes to the increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, (e.g., IFNγ, TNFα, IL6, IL12p40, IL12p70, IL23, and IL17A/F). This leads to tissue damage in a genetic mouse model (Gba19V/-) of Gaucher disease. The cellular mechanism(s) by which increased tissue infiltration of T cells occurs in this disease is not fully understood. Here, we delineate role of the CXCR3 receptor and its exogenous C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL9) in induction of increased tissue recruitment of CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells in Gaucher disease. Intracellular FACS staining of macrophages (Mϕs) and dendritic cells (DCs) from Gba19V/- mice showed elevated production of CXCL9. Purified CD4+ T cells and the CD8+ T cells from Gba19V/- mice showed increased expression of CXCR3. Ex vivo and in vivo chemotaxis experiments showed CXCL9 involvement in the recruitment of Gba19V/- T cells. Furthermore, antibody blockade of the CXCL9 receptor (CXCR3) on T cells caused marked reduction in CXCL9- mediated chemotaxis of T cells in Gba19V/- mice. These data implicate abnormalities of the CXCL9-CXCR3 axis leading to enhanced tissue recruitment of T cells in Gaucher disease. Such results provide a rationale for blockade of the CXCL9/CXCR3 axis as potential new therapeutic targets for the treatment of inflammation in Gaucher disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Frank Magnusen
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (A.F.M.); (M.A.M.); (S.L.H.); (T.C.N.); (D.N.A.M.)
| | - Reena Rani
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Mary Ashley McKay
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (A.F.M.); (M.A.M.); (S.L.H.); (T.C.N.); (D.N.A.M.)
| | - Shelby Loraine Hatton
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (A.F.M.); (M.A.M.); (S.L.H.); (T.C.N.); (D.N.A.M.)
| | - Tsitsi Carol Nyamajenjere
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (A.F.M.); (M.A.M.); (S.L.H.); (T.C.N.); (D.N.A.M.)
| | - Daniel Nii Aryee Magnusen
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (A.F.M.); (M.A.M.); (S.L.H.); (T.C.N.); (D.N.A.M.)
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany;
- Department of Pediatrics and Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Gregory Alex Grabowski
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Manoj Kumar Pandey
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Correspondence:
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14
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Ohashi A, Yamanishi A, Kondo M, Ihara F, Tanaka T, Maeda Y. Transition of lymphocyte subsets in peritoneal dialysis effluent and its relationship to peritoneal damage. J Rural Med 2021; 16:200-205. [PMID: 34707728 PMCID: PMC8527628 DOI: 10.2185/jrm.2021-009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Peritoneal function during peritoneal dialysis (PD) declines over
time due to peritoneal inflammation; however, the immunological mechanism has not been
fully clarified. Here, we examined changes in each cellular fraction in the peritoneal
dialysis effluent by flow cytometry and their relationship to peritoneal damage. Patients and Methods: We enrolled 23 patients who began PD between 2006 and
2017 and had available datasets of the peritoneal equilibration test and flow cytometric
analysis for at least three consecutive visits, with an interval of six months from six
months after introducing PD. The levels and changes in each cellular fraction,
dialysate/plasma (D/P) creatinine ratio, and the forward scatter (FSC) ratio of
mesothelial cells to lymphocytes were compared using a simple linear regression
analysis. Results: Among the examined variables, only the fraction of CD8+
TCM cells during the first observation was significantly correlated with the
change rate in the D/P creatinine ratio (β=1.47, P=0.001, adjusted
R2=0.379). The CD8+ naïve T and CD8+ TCM
cell fractions were negatively correlated with the change rate of the D/P creatinine ratio
(naïve T cells: β=−0.058, P=0.022, adjusted R2=0.188;
TCM cells: β=−0.096, P=0.046, adjusted R2=0.137).
In addition, the change rates of the D/P creatinine ratio tended to be higher, though not
significantly (one way ANOVA; P=0.080), in accordance with the increase
in the change rate of the CD8+ effector memory T cells (TEM). Conclusion: The CD8+ naïve T and TCM cells may
transition into TEM cells by repeated exposure to the dialysate over time. The
TEM cells residing in the peritoneum may play a significant role in the
progression of peritoneal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuki Ohashi
- Department of Nephrology, JA Toride Medical Center, Japan
| | | | - Madoka Kondo
- Department of Nephrology, JA Toride Medical Center, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Ihara
- Department of Nephrology, JA Toride Medical Center, Japan
| | - Tomomi Tanaka
- Department of Nephrology, JA Toride Medical Center, Japan
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15
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Features of repertoire diversity and gene expression in human cytotoxic T cells following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1177. [PMID: 34635773 PMCID: PMC8505416 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02709-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus reactivation is still a critical concern following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, and cellular immune reconstitution of cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic T-cells is necessary for the long-term control of cytomegalovirus reactivation after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Here we show the features of repertoire diversity and the gene expression profile of HLA-A24 cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic T-cells in actual recipients according to the cytomegalovirus reactivation pattern. A skewed preference for BV7 genes and sequential “G” amino acids motif is observed in complementarity-determining region-3 of T cell receptor-β. Increased binding scores are observed in T-cell clones with complementarity-determining region-3 of T cell receptor-β with a “(G)GG” motif. Single-cell RNA-sequence analyses demonstrate the homogenous distribution of the gene expression profile in individual cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic T-cells within each recipient. On the other hand, bulk RNA-sequence analyses reveal that gene expression profiles among patients are different according to the cytomegalovirus reactivation pattern, and are associated with cytokine production or cell division. These methods and results can help us to better understand immune reconstitution following hematopoietic cell transplantation, leading to future studies on the clinical application of adoptive T-cell therapies. Cytomegalovirus reactivation is an important concern after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) or organ transplantation. Here, Hideki Nakasone et al. investigate changes in repertoire diversity and gene expression among clinically-transferred T cells to improve our understanding of immune reconstitution following allo-HCT.
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16
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Recruitment and Expansion of Tregs Cells in the Tumor Environment-How to Target Them? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081850. [PMID: 33924428 PMCID: PMC8069615 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The immune response against cancer is generated by effector T cells, among them cytotoxic CD8+ T cells that destroy cancer cells and helper CD4+ T cells that mediate and support the immune response. This antitumor function of T cells is tightly regulated by a particular subset of CD4+ T cells, named regulatory T cells (Tregs), through different mechanisms. Even if the complete inhibition of Tregs would be extremely harmful due to their tolerogenic role in impeding autoimmune diseases in the periphery, the targeted blockade of their accumulation at tumor sites or their targeted depletion represent a major therapeutic challenge. This review focuses on the mechanisms favoring Treg recruitment, expansion and stabilization in the tumor microenvironment and the therapeutic strategies developed to block these mechanisms. Abstract Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are present in a large majority of solid tumors and are mainly associated with a poor prognosis, as their major function is to inhibit the antitumor immune response contributing to immunosuppression. In this review, we will investigate the mechanisms involved in the recruitment, amplification and stability of Tregs in the tumor microenvironment (TME). We will also review the strategies currently developed to inhibit Tregs’ deleterious impact in the TME by either inhibiting their recruitment, blocking their expansion, favoring their plastic transformation into other CD4+ T-cell subsets, blocking their suppressive function or depleting them specifically in the TME to avoid severe deleterious effects associated with Treg neutralization/depletion in the periphery and normal tissues.
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17
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Li H, Omange RW, Liang B, Toledo N, Hai Y, Liu LR, Schalk D, Crecente-Campo J, Dacoba TG, Lambe AB, Lim SY, Li L, Kashem MA, Wan Y, Correia-Pinto JF, Seaman MS, Liu XQ, Balshaw RF, Li Q, Schultz-Darken N, Alonso MJ, Plummer FA, Whitney JB, Luo M. Vaccine targeting SIVmac251 protease cleavage sites protects macaques against vaginal infection. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:6429-6442. [PMID: 32853182 DOI: 10.1172/jci138728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
After over 3 decades of research, an effective anti-HIV vaccine remains elusive. The recently halted HVTN702 clinical trial not only further stresses the challenge to develop an effective HIV vaccine but also emphasizes that unconventional and novel vaccine strategies are urgently needed. Here, we report that a vaccine focusing the immune response on the sequences surrounding the 12 viral protease cleavage sites (PCSs) provided greater than 80% protection to Mauritian cynomolgus macaques against repeated intravaginal SIVmac251 challenges. The PCS-specific T cell responses correlated with vaccine efficacy. The PCS vaccine did not induce immune activation or inflammation known to be associated with increased susceptibility to HIV infection. Machine learning analyses revealed that the immune microenvironment generated by the PCS vaccine was predictive of vaccine efficacy. Our study demonstrates, for the first time to our knowledge, that a vaccine which targets only viral maturation, but lacks full-length Env and Gag immunogens, can prevent intravaginal infection in a stringent macaque/SIV challenge model. Targeting HIV maturation thus offers a potentially novel approach to developing an effective HIV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhao Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Robert W Omange
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Binhua Liang
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Nikki Toledo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Yan Hai
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Lewis R Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Dane Schalk
- Scientific Protocol Implementation Unit, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jose Crecente-Campo
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tamara G Dacoba
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - So-Yon Lim
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lin Li
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mohammad Abul Kashem
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Yanmin Wan
- Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jorge F Correia-Pinto
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Michael S Seaman
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiao Qing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Robert F Balshaw
- Centre for Healthcare Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Qingsheng Li
- Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Nancy Schultz-Darken
- Scientific Protocol Implementation Unit, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Maria J Alonso
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francis A Plummer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - James B Whitney
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ma Luo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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18
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Cremasco F, Menietti E, Speziale D, Sam J, Sammicheli S, Richard M, Varol A, Klein C, Umana P, Bacac M, Colombetti S, Perro M. Cross-linking of T cell to B cell lymphoma by the T cell bispecific antibody CD20-TCB induces IFNγ/CXCL10-dependent peripheral T cell recruitment in humanized murine model. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0241091. [PMID: 33406104 PMCID: PMC7787458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCL) are a highly heterogeneous subtype of Non Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL), accounting for about 25% of NHL. Despite an increased progression-free survival upon therapy, 40-50% of patients develop relapse/refractory disease, therefore there remains an important medical need. T cell recruiting therapies, such as the CD20xCD3 T cell bi-specific antibody CD20-TCB (RG6026 or glofitamab), represent a novel approach to target all stages of DLBCL, especially those that fail to respond to multiple lines of treatment. We aimed for a better understanding of the molecular features related to the mode of action (MoA) of CD20-TCB in inducing Target/T cell synapse formation and human T cell recruitment to the tumor. To directly evaluate the correlation between synapse, cytokine production and anti-tumor efficacy using CD20-TCB, we developed an innovative preclinical human DLBCL in vivo model that allowed tracking in vivo human T cell dynamics by multiphoton intravital microscopy (MP-IVM). By ex vivo and in vivo approaches, we revealed that CD20-TCB is inducing strong and stable synapses between human T cell and tumor cells, which are dependent on the dose of CD20-TCB and on LFA-1 activity but not on FAS-L. Moreover, despite CD20-TCB being a large molecule (194.342 kDa), we observed that intra-tumor CD20-TCB-mediated human T cell-tumor cell synapses occur within 1 hour upon CD20-TCB administration. These tight interactions, observed for at least 72 hours post TCB administration, result in tumor cell cytotoxicity, resident T cell proliferation and peripheral blood T cell recruitment into tumor. By blocking the IFNγ-CXCL10 axis, the recruitment of peripheral T cells was abrogated, partially affecting the efficacy of CD20-TCB treatment which rely only on resident T cell proliferation. Altogether these data reveal that CD20-TCB's anti-tumor activity relies on a triple effect: i) fast formation of stable T cell-tumor cell synapses which induce tumor cytotoxicity and cytokine production, ii) resident T cell proliferation and iii) recruitment of fresh peripheral T cells to the tumor core to allow a positive enhancement of the anti-tumor effect.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bispecific/pharmacology
- Antigens, CD20/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chemokine CXCL10/immunology
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/immunology
- Mice
- Neoplasm Proteins/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Johannes Sam
- Roche Innovation Center Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Ahmet Varol
- Roche Innovation Center Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Pablo Umana
- Roche Innovation Center Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marina Bacac
- Roche Innovation Center Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Mario Perro
- Roche Innovation Center Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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19
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Ansari AW, Sharif-Askari FS, Jayakumar MN, Mohammed AK, Sharif-Askari NS, Venkatachalam T, Mahboub B, Schmidt RE, Hamoudi RA, Halwani R, Hamid Q. Azithromycin Differentially Alters TCR-Activated Helper T Cell Subset Phenotype and Effector Function. Front Immunol 2020; 11:556579. [PMID: 33117343 PMCID: PMC7575909 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.556579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to their antibiotic activities, azithromycin (AZM) exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in various respiratory diseases. One of the potent anti-inflammatory mechanisms is through inhibition of CD4+ helper T (Th) cell effector function. However, their impact on specific Th subset is obscure. Herein, we demonstrate the cellular basis of phenotypic and functional alterations associated with Th subsets following AZM treatment in vitro. Using well-characterized Th subset specific chemokine receptors, we report significant suppression of T cell receptor (TCR)-stimulated hyperactivated CCR4+CXCR3+ (Th0) expansion compared to CCR4-CXCR3+ (Th1-like) and CCR4+CXCR3- (Th2-like) cells. Interestingly, this effect was associated with diminished cell proliferation. Furthermore, AZM significantly inhibited the inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-4 production, CCR4 and CXCR3 receptor expression, and viability of Th0, Th1-like, and Th2-like subsets. Our findings suggest that AZM differentially affects TCR-activated Th subsets phenotype and function, and CCR4 and CXCR3 downregulation and suppressed Th0 subset expansion could potentially influence their trafficking and differentiation into cytokine-producing effector cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Wahid Ansari
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | - Abdul Khader Mohammed
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Thenmozhi Venkatachalam
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassam Mahboub
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Rashid Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Reinhold E Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Rifat Akram Hamoudi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rabih Halwani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Prince Abdullah Ben Khaled Celiac Disease Chair, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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20
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Kieffer TEC, Laskewitz A, Vledder A, Scherjon SA, Faas MM, Prins JR. Decidual memory T-cell subsets and memory T-cell stimulatory cytokines in early- and late-onset preeclampsia. Am J Reprod Immunol 2020; 84:e13293. [PMID: 32572999 PMCID: PMC7540032 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Preeclampsia is a major cause of fetal and maternal mortality and morbidity. Disturbed fetal-maternal immune tolerance, and therewith memory T cells, might be involved in its etiology. This study aims to give insight into memory T-cell populations and its associated cytokines in the decidual layers in early-onset preeclampsia (EO-PE) and late-onset preeclampsia (LO-PE). METHOD OF STUDY Lymphocytes were isolated from the decidua parietalis and basalis from EO-PE (n = 6), LO-PE (n = 8) and healthy (n = 15) pregnancies. CD4+ and CD8+ central- (CCR7+ ), effector- (CCR7- ), tissue resident- (CD103+ ), and regulatory- (Foxp3+ ) memory cell (CD45RO+ ) populations and their activation status (CD69+ ) were analyzed using flow cytometry. qRT-PCR analysis was performed on decidua parietalis and basalis biopsies to detect mRNA expression of interferon-gamma, interleukin-1B, IL2, IL6, IL7, IL8, IL10, IL15, and IL23. RESULTS CD4+ central-memory (CM) cell proportions were lower in the decidua parietalis in LO-PE (P < .0001) and EO-PE (P < .01) compared to healthy pregnancies. CD8+ memory (P < .05) and CD8+ CM (P < .01) cell proportions were also lower in the decidua parietalis in EO-PE compared to healthy pregnancies. This was accompanied by higher IL15 (P < .05) and IL23 (P < .05) and lower IL7 (P < .05) mRNA expression in decidua basalis biopsies from EO-PE compared to healthy pregnancies, analyzed by qPCR. CONCLUSION In conclusion, decidual memory T-cell proportions, their activation status, and associated cytokines are altered in preeclampsia and might therefore be involved in fetal-maternal immune tolerance and the pathophysiology of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom E. C. Kieffer
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Anne Laskewitz
- Division of Medical BiologyDepartment of Pathology and Medical BiologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Annegé Vledder
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Sicco A. Scherjon
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Marijke M. Faas
- Division of Medical BiologyDepartment of Pathology and Medical BiologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jelmer R. Prins
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
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21
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Choi H, Song H, Jung YW. The Roles of CCR7 for the Homing of Memory CD8+ T Cells into Their Survival Niches. Immune Netw 2020; 20:e20. [PMID: 32655968 PMCID: PMC7327150 DOI: 10.4110/in.2020.20.e20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory CD8+ T cells in the immune system are responsible for the removal of external Ags for a long period of time to protect against re-infection. Naïve to memory CD8+ T cell differentiation and memory CD8+ T cell maintenance require many different factors including local environmental factors. Thus, it has been suggested that the migration of memory CD8+ T cells into specific microenvironments alters their longevity and functions. In this review, we have summarized the subsets of memory CD8+ T cells based on their migratory capacities and described the niche hypothesis for their survival. In addition, the basic roles of CCR7 in conjunction with the migration of memory CD8+ T cells and recent understandings of their survival niches have been introduced. Finally, the applications of altering CCR7 signaling have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbyeul Choi
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Heonju Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Yong Woo Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
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22
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Lioudyno V, Abdurasulova I, Negoreeva I, Stoliarov I, Kudriavtsev I, Serebryakova M, Klimenko V, Lioudyno M. A common genetic variant rs2821557 in KCNA3 is linked to the severity of multiple sclerosis. J Neurosci Res 2020; 99:200-208. [PMID: 32056271 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The rate of symptom accumulation distinguishes between slowly and rapidly progressing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Given that a patient's genetics can affect the rate of disease progression, identification of genetic variants associated with rapid disease progression should provide valuable information for timely prognosis and development of optimal treatment plans. We hypothesized that the polymorphism rs2821557 in the human KCNA3 gene encoding a voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 might be one of these genetic variants, given the role of Kv1.3 in neuroinflammation, as well as the location and gain-of-function effect of this polymorphism. To test this hypothesis we performed an analytic study exploring the relationships between rs2821557 polymorphism and disease progression in a cohort of MS patients. The rs2821557 genotype and the rate of disease progression based on Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS) were determined for 101 patients (68 females and 33 males). Peripheral blood CD4+ lymphocyte subpopulations (Tnaive , TCM , TEM ) and the expression of chemokine receptors (CXCR5, CXCR3, CCR6, CCR4) were estimated by flow cytometry. The comparisons between groups by genotype (TT, TC, CC) and allelic approach analysis (T vs. C) revealed a significantly higher incidence of the rapid disease course (MSSS ≥ 7.5) among minor C allele carriers (CC and TC) compared to patients with the TT genotype. Furthermore, C allele carriers had higher counts of CXCR3+ TEM cells than homozygous T allele carriers. In conclusion, accelerated MS progression in C allele carriers is likely linked to enhanced Kv1.3-mediated accumulation of pathogenic CXCR3+ TEM cells and exacerbated neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Lioudyno
- Pavlov Department of Physiology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Institute of Experimental Medicine", S-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina Abdurasulova
- Pavlov Department of Physiology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Institute of Experimental Medicine", S-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina Negoreeva
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences, S-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Igor Stoliarov
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences, S-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Igor Kudriavtsev
- Department of Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Institute of Experimental Medicine", S-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria Serebryakova
- Department of Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Institute of Experimental Medicine", S-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Victor Klimenko
- Pavlov Department of Physiology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Institute of Experimental Medicine", S-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria Lioudyno
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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23
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Valpione S, Galvani E, Tweedy J, Mundra PA, Banyard A, Middlehurst P, Barry J, Mills S, Salih Z, Weightman J, Gupta A, Gremel G, Baenke F, Dhomen N, Lorigan PC, Marais R. Immune-awakening revealed by peripheral T cell dynamics after one cycle of immunotherapy. NATURE CANCER 2020; 1:210-221. [PMID: 32110781 PMCID: PMC7046489 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-019-0022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of how checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) affect T cell evolution is incomplete, limiting our ability to achieve full clinical benefit from these drugs. Here we analyzed peripheral T cell populations after one cycle of CPI and identified a dynamic awakening of the immune system revealed by T cell evolution in response to treatment. We sequenced T cell receptors (TCR) in plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and performed phenotypic analysis of peripheral T cell subsets from metastatic melanoma patients treated with CPI. We found that early peripheral T cell turnover and TCR repertoire dynamics identified which patients would respond to treatment. Additionally, the expansion of a subset of immune-effector peripheral T cells we call TIE cells correlated with response. These events are prognostic and occur within 3 weeks of starting immunotherapy, raising the potential for monitoring patients responses using minimally invasive liquid biopsies."
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Valpione
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Elena Galvani
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK
| | - Joshua Tweedy
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK
| | - Piyushkumar A Mundra
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK
| | - Antonia Banyard
- Advanced Imaging and Flow Cytometry, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK
| | - Philippa Middlehurst
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre Biobank, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Jeff Barry
- Advanced Imaging and Flow Cytometry, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK
| | - Sarah Mills
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre Biobank, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Zena Salih
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - John Weightman
- Molecular Biology Core Facility, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK
| | | | - Gabriela Gremel
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK
- Boehringer Ingelheim, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Baenke
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nathalie Dhomen
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK
| | | | - Richard Marais
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK.
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24
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Jimeno R, Lebrusant-Fernandez M, Margreitter C, Lucas B, Veerapen N, Kelly G, Besra GS, Fraternali F, Spencer J, Anderson G, Barral P. Tissue-specific shaping of the TCR repertoire and antigen specificity of iNKT cells. eLife 2019; 8:51663. [PMID: 31841113 PMCID: PMC6930077 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue homeostasis is critically dependent on the function of tissue-resident lymphocytes, including lipid-reactive invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. Yet, if and how the tissue environment shapes the antigen specificity of iNKT cells remains unknown. By analysing iNKT cells from lymphoid tissues of mice and humans we demonstrate that their T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is highly diverse and is distinct for cells from various tissues resulting in differential lipid-antigen recognition. Within peripheral tissues iNKT cell recent thymic emigrants exhibit a different TCR repertoire than mature cells, suggesting that the iNKT population is shaped after arrival to the periphery. Consistent with this, iNKT cells from different organs show distinct basal activation, proliferation and clonal expansion. Moreover, the iNKT cell TCR repertoire changes following immunisation and is shaped by age and environmental changes. Thus, post-thymic modification of the TCR-repertoire underpins the distinct antigen specificity for iNKT cells in peripheral tissues
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Jimeno
- The Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Lebrusant-Fernandez
- The Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Margreitter
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Beth Lucas
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Natacha Veerapen
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Kelly
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gurdyal S Besra
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Franca Fraternali
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jo Spencer
- The Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Anderson
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Barral
- The Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
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25
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Eisenbarth SC. Dendritic cell subsets in T cell programming: location dictates function. Nat Rev Immunol 2019; 19:89-103. [PMID: 30464294 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-018-0088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) can be viewed as translators between innate and adaptive immunity. They integrate signals derived from tissue infection or damage and present processed antigen from these sites to naive T cells in secondary lymphoid organs while also providing multiple soluble and surface-bound signals that help to guide T cell differentiation. DC-mediated tailoring of the appropriate T cell programme ensures a proper cascade of immune responses that adequately targets the insult. Recent advances in our understanding of the different types of DC subsets along with the cellular organization and orchestration of DC and lymphocyte positioning in secondary lymphoid organs over time has led to a clearer understanding of how the nature of the T cell response is shaped. This Review discusses how geographical organization and ordered sequences of cellular interactions in lymph nodes and the spleen regulate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Eisenbarth
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Immunobiology, Section of Allergy & Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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26
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Topham DJ, Reilly EC, Emo KL, Sportiello M. Formation and Maintenance of Tissue Resident Memory CD8+ T Cells after Viral Infection. Pathogens 2019; 8:E196. [PMID: 31635290 PMCID: PMC6963622 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue resident memory (TRM) CD8 T cells comprise a memory population that forms in peripheral, non-lymphoid tissues after an infection that does not recirculate into the bloodstream or other tissues. TRM cells often recognize conserved peptide epitopes shared among different strains of a pathogen and so offer a protective role upon secondary encounter with the same or related pathogens. Several recent studies have begun to shed light on the intrinsic and extrinsic factors regulating TRM. In addition, work is being done to understand how canonical "markers" of TRM actually affect the function of these cells. Many of these markers regulate the generation or persistence of these TRM cells, an important point of study due to the differences in persistence of TRM between tissues, which may impact future vaccine development to cater towards these important differences. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in TRM biology that may lead to strategies designed to promote this important protective immune subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Topham
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Emma C Reilly
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Kris Lambert Emo
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Mike Sportiello
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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27
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Schäfer A, Hühr J, Schwaiger T, Dorhoi A, Mettenleiter TC, Blome S, Schröder C, Blohm U. Porcine Invariant Natural Killer T Cells: Functional Profiling and Dynamics in Steady State and Viral Infections. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1380. [PMID: 31316500 PMCID: PMC6611438 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigs are important livestock and comprehensive understanding of their immune responses in infections is critical to improve vaccines and therapies. Moreover, similarities between human and swine physiology suggest that pigs are a superior animal model for immunological studies. However, paucity of experimental tools for a systematic analysis of the immune responses in pigs represent a major disadvantage. To evaluate the pig as a biomedical model and additionally expand the knowledge of rare immune cell populations in swine, we established a multicolor flow cytometry analysis platform of surface marker expression and cellular responses for porcine invariant Natural Killer T cells (iNKT). In humans, iNKT cells are among the first line defenders in various tissues, respond to CD1d-restricted antigens and become rapidly activated. Naïve porcine iNKT cells were CD3+/CD4−/CD8+ or CD3+/CD4−/CD8− and displayed an effector- or memory-like phenotype (CD25+/ICOS+/CD5hi/CD45RA−/CCR7 ± /CD27+). Based on their expression of the transcription factors T bet and the iNKT cell-specific promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein (PLZF), porcine iNKT cells were differentiated into functional subsets. Analogous to human iNKT cells, in vitro stimulation of porcine leukocytes with the CD1d ligand α-galactosylceramide resulted in rapid iNKT cell proliferation, evidenced by an increase in frequency and Ki-67 expression. Moreover, this approach revealed CD25, CD5, ICOS, and the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) as activation markers on porcine iNKT cells. Activated iNKT cells also expressed interferon-γ, upregulated perforin expression, and displayed degranulation. In steady state, iNKT cell frequency was highest in newborn piglets and decreased with age. Upon infection with two viruses of high relevance to swine and humans, iNKT cells expanded. Animals infected with African swine fever virus displayed an increase of iNKT cell frequency in peripheral blood, regional lymph nodes, and lungs. During Influenza A virus infection, iNKT cell percentage increased in blood, lung lymph nodes, and broncho-alveolar lavage. Our in-depth characterization of porcine iNKT cells contributes to a better understanding of porcine immune responses, thereby facilitating the design of innovative interventions against infectious diseases. Moreover, we provide new evidence that endorses the suitability of the pig as a biomedical model for iNKT cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schäfer
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Jane Hühr
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Theresa Schwaiger
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Anca Dorhoi
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Thomas C Mettenleiter
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Sandra Blome
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Charlotte Schröder
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Ulrike Blohm
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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28
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Fonseca VR, Ribeiro F, Graca L. T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells: Dissecting the complexity of Tfr‐cell compartments. Immunol Rev 2019; 288:112-127. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Válter R. Fonseca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
- Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte – Hospital de Santa Maria Lisboa Portugal
| | - Filipa Ribeiro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência Oeiras Portugal
| | - Luis Graca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência Oeiras Portugal
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29
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Landreneau MJ, Mullen MT, Messé SR, Cucchiara B, Sheth KN, McCullough LD, Kasner SE, Sansing LH. CCL2 and CXCL10 are associated with poor outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2018; 5:962-970. [PMID: 30128320 PMCID: PMC6093844 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intracerebral hemorrhage carries a high mortality and survivors are frequently left with significant disability. Immunological mechanisms may play an important role in hemorrhage-induced brain injury, however, research linking these mechanisms with clinical outcome remains limited. We aim to identify serum inflammatory mediators that are associated with outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage in order to translate data from experimental models to a patient cohort and identify potential targets worthy of reverse translation. METHODS A prospective cohort study at two comprehensive stroke centers enrolled patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Peripheral blood was collected at 6, 24, and 72 h from onset. Functional outcome was assessed at 90 days using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Serum inflammatory mediators were measured using multiplex ELISA. Multivariable modeling identified serum biomarkers independently associated with functional outcome at 90 days. RESULTS 115 patients completed the study. At 6 h after onset, patients with elevated CCL2 had worse mRS score at day 90 (OR 4.07, 95% CI 1.27-13.10, P = 0.02) after adjusting for age, gender, ICH volume, IVH, infratentorial location and NIHSS score. At 24 and 72 h after onset, elevation in CXCL10 was independently associated with worse 90 days mRS score (24 h: OR 8.08, 95% CI 2.69-24.30, P < 0.001; 72 h: OR 3.89, 95% CI 1.12-13.49, P = 0.03). INTERPRETATION Acute and subacute elevations in specific immune factors are associated with poor outcome, highlighting potential pathways that may contribute to ongoing brain injury in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael T. Mullen
- Department of NeurologyPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Steven R. Messé
- Department of NeurologyPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Brett Cucchiara
- Department of NeurologyPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Kevin N. Sheth
- Department of NeurologyYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticut
- Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological ResearchYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticut
| | - Louise D. McCullough
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Texas Health Sciences Center at HoustonHoustonTexas
| | - Scott E. Kasner
- Department of NeurologyPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Lauren H. Sansing
- Department of NeurologyYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticut
- Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological ResearchYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticut
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30
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Lanitis E, Dangaj D, Irving M, Coukos G. Mechanisms regulating T-cell infiltration and activity in solid tumors. Ann Oncol 2018; 28:xii18-xii32. [PMID: 29045511 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
T-lymphocytes play a critical role in cancer immunity as evidenced by their presence in resected tumor samples derived from long-surviving patients, and impressive clinical responses to various immunotherapies that reinvigorate them. Indeed, tumors can upregulate a wide array of defense mechanisms, both direct and indirect, to suppress the ability of Tcells to reach the tumor bed and mount curative responses upon infiltration. In addition, patient and tumor genetics, previous antigenic experience, and the microbiome, are all important factors in shaping the T-cell repertoire and sensitivity to immunotherapy. Here, we review the mechanisms that regulate T-cell homing, infiltration, and activity within the solid tumor bed. Finally, we summarize different immunotherapies and combinatorial treatment strategies that enable the immune system to overcome barriers for enhanced tumor control and improved patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lanitis
- The Ludwig Branch for Cancer Research of the University of Lausanne, Epalinges
| | - D Dangaj
- The Ludwig Branch for Cancer Research of the University of Lausanne, Epalinges
| | - M Irving
- The Ludwig Branch for Cancer Research of the University of Lausanne, Epalinges
| | - G Coukos
- The Ludwig Branch for Cancer Research of the University of Lausanne, Epalinges.,Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
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31
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α 4β 7+ CD4 + Effector/Effector Memory T Cells Differentiate into Productively and Latently Infected Central Memory T Cells by Transforming Growth Factor β1 during HIV-1 Infection. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.01510-17. [PMID: 29386290 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01510-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 transmission occurs mainly through mucosal tissues. During mucosal transmission, HIV-1 preferentially infects α4β7+ gut-homing CCR7- CD4+ effector/effector memory T cells (TEM) and results in massive depletion of these cells and other subsets of TEM in gut-associated lymphoid tissues. However, besides being eliminated by HIV-1, the role of TEM during the early stage of infection remains inconclusive. Here, using in vitro-induced α4β7+ gut-homing TEM (α4β7+ TEM), we found that α4β7+ TEM differentiated into CCR7+ CD4+ central memory T cells (TCM). This differentiation was HIV-1 independent but was inhibited by SB431542, a specific transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) receptor I kinase inhibitor. Consistently, TEM-to-TCM differentiation was observed in α4β7+ TEM stimulated with TGF-β1 (TGF-β). The TCM properties of the TGF-β-induced TEM-derived TCM (α4β7+ TCM) were confirmed by their enhanced CCL19 chemotaxis and the downregulation of surface CCR7 upon T cell activation in vitro Importantly, the effect of TGF-β on TCM differentiation also held in TEM directly isolated from peripheral blood. To investigate the significance of the TGF-β-dependent TEM-to-TCM differentiation in HIV/AIDS pathogenesis, we observed that both productively and latently infected α4β7+ TCM could differentiate from α4β7+ TEM in the presence of TGF-β during HIV-1 infection. Collectively, this study not only provides a new insight for the plasticity of TEM but also suggests that the TGF-β-dependent TEM-to-TCM differentiation is a previously unrecognized mechanism for the formation of latently infected TCM after HIV-1 infection.IMPORTANCE HIV-1 is the causative agent of HIV/AIDS, which has led to millions of deaths in the past 30 years. Although the implementation of highly active antiretroviral therapy has remarkably reduced the HIV-1-related morbidity and mortality, HIV-1 is not eradicated in treated patients due to the presence of latent reservoirs. Besides, the pathogenesis in CD4 T cells early after infection still remains elusive. Immediately after HIV-1 mucosal infection, CD4 T cells are preferentially infected and depleted. However, in addition to being depleted, the other roles of the CD4 T cells, especially the effector/effector memory T cells (TEM), in disease progression are not completely understood. The significance of this study is in revealing a novel mechanism for the formation of latently HIV-1-infected central memory CD4 T cells, a major latent reservoir from CD4 TEM after infection. Our findings suggest previously unrecognized roles of CD4 TEM in HIV-1 pathogenesis.
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32
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Rahimi RA, Luster AD. Chemokines: Critical Regulators of Memory T Cell Development, Maintenance, and Function. Adv Immunol 2018; 138:71-98. [PMID: 29731007 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Memory T cells are central to orchestrating antigen-specific recall responses in vivo. Compared to naïve T cells, memory T cells respond more quickly to cognate peptide:MHC with a shorter lag time for entering the cell cycle and exerting effector functions. However, it is now well established that this enhanced responsiveness is not the only mechanism whereby memory T cells are better equipped than naïve T cells to rapidly and robustly induce inflammation. In contrast to naïve T cells, memory T cells are composed of distinct subsets with unique trafficking patterns and localizations. Tissue-resident memory T cells persist in previously inflamed tissue and function as first responders to cognate antigen reexposure. In addition, a heterogeneous group of circulating memory T cells augment inflammation by either rapidly migrating to inflamed tissue or responding to cognate antigen within secondary lymphoid organs and producing additional effector T cells. Defining the mechanisms regulating T cell positioning and trafficking and how this influences the development, maintenance, and function of memory T cell subsets is essential to improving vaccine design as well as treatment of immune-mediated diseases. In this chapter, we will review our current knowledge of how chemokines, critical regulators of cell positioning and migration, govern memory T cell biology in vivo. In addition, we discuss areas of uncertainty and future directions for further delineating how T cell localization influences memory T cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rod A Rahimi
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Andrew D Luster
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Divison of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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Abstract
Abnormal immune activation and expansion of CD8+ T cells, especially of memory and effector phenotypes, take place during HIV-1 infection, and these abnormal features persist during administration of antiretroviral therapy (ART) to infected patients. The molecular mechanisms for CD8+ T-cell expansion remain poorly characterized. In this article, we review the literature addressing features of CD8+ T-cell immune pathology and present an integrated view on the mechanisms leading to abnormal CD8+ T-cell expansion during HIV-1 infection. The expression of molecules important for directing the homing of CD8+ T cells between the circulation and lymphoid tissues, in particular CCR5 and CXCR3, is increased in CD8+ T cells in circulation and in inflamed tissues during HIV-1 infection; these disturbances in the homing capacity of CD8+ T cells have been linked to increased CD8+ T-cell proliferation. The production of IL-15, a cytokine responsible for physiological proliferation of CD8+ T cells, is increased in lymphoid tissues during HIV-1 infection as result of microbial translocation and severe inflammation. IL-15, and additional inflammatory cytokines, may lead to deregulated proliferation of CD8+ T cells and explain the accumulation of CD8+ T cells in circulation. The decreased capacity of CD8+ T cells to localize to gut-associated lymphoid tissue also contributes to the accumulation of these cells in blood. Control of inflammation, through ART administration during primary HIV-1 infection or therapies aimed at controlling inflammation during HIV-1 infection, is pivotal to prevent abnormal expansion of CD8+ T cells during HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nasi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F Chiodi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Patas K, Willing A, Demiralay C, Engler JB, Lupu A, Ramien C, Schäfer T, Gach C, Stumm L, Chan K, Vignali M, Arck PC, Friese MA, Pless O, Wiedemann K, Agorastos A, Gold SM. T Cell Phenotype and T Cell Receptor Repertoire in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29515587 PMCID: PMC5826233 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
While a link between inflammation and the development of neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD) is supported by a growing body of evidence, little is known about the contribution of aberrant adaptive immunity in this context. Here, we conducted in-depth characterization of T cell phenotype and T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire in MDD. For this cross-sectional case–control study, we recruited antidepressant-free patients with MDD without any somatic or psychiatric comorbidities (n = 20), who were individually matched for sex, age, body mass index, and smoking status to a non-depressed control subject (n = 20). T cell phenotype and repertoire were interrogated using a combination of flow cytometry, gene expression analysis, and next generation sequencing. T cells from MDD patients showed significantly lower surface expression of the chemokine receptors CXCR3 and CCR6, which are known to be central to T cell differentiation and trafficking. In addition, we observed a shift within the CD4+ T cell compartment characterized by a higher frequency of CD4+CD25highCD127low/− cells and higher FOXP3 mRNA expression in purified CD4+ T cells obtained from patients with MDD. Finally, flow cytometry-based TCR Vβ repertoire analysis indicated a less diverse CD4+ T cell repertoire in MDD, which was corroborated by next generation sequencing of the TCR β chain CDR3 region. Overall, these results suggest that T cell phenotype and TCR utilization are skewed on several levels in patients with MDD. Our study identifies putative cellular and molecular signatures of dysregulated adaptive immunity and reinforces the notion that T cells are a pathophysiologically relevant cell population in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Patas
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose (INIMS), Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Willing
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose (INIMS), Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cüneyt Demiralay
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Broder Engler
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose (INIMS), Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreea Lupu
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose (INIMS), Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Immunomodulation Group, Cantacuzino National Research Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Caren Ramien
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose (INIMS), Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Laura Stumm
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kenneth Chan
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA, Unites States
| | | | - Petra C Arck
- Experimentelle Feto-Maternale Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manuel A Friese
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose (INIMS), Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ole Pless
- Fraunhofer IME ScreeningPort, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Wiedemann
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Agorastos Agorastos
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan M Gold
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose (INIMS), Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Campus Benjamin Franklin (CBF), Berlin, Germany
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35
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Fonseca VR, Agua-Doce A, Maceiras AR, Pierson W, Ribeiro F, Romão VC, Pires AR, da Silva SL, Fonseca JE, Sousa AE, Linterman MA, Graca L. Human blood T fr cells are indicators of ongoing humoral activity not fully licensed with suppressive function. Sci Immunol 2017; 2:eaan1487. [PMID: 28802258 PMCID: PMC7116402 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aan1487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Germinal center (GC) responses are controlled by T follicular helper (Tfh) and T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells and are crucial for the generation of high-affinity antibodies. Although the biology of human circulating and tissue Tfh cells has been established, the relationship between blood and tissue Tfr cells defined as CXCR5+Foxp3+ T cells remains elusive. We found that blood Tfr cells are increased in Sjögren syndrome, an autoimmune disease with ongoing GC reactions, especially in patients with high autoantibody titers, as well as in healthy individuals upon influenza vaccination. Although blood Tfr cells correlated with humoral responses, they lack full B cell-suppressive capacity, despite being able to suppress T cell proliferation. Blood Tfr cells have a naïve-like phenotype, although they are absent from human thymus or cord blood. We found that these cells were generated in peripheral lymphoid tissues before T-B interaction, as they are maintained in B cell-deficient patients. Therefore, blood CXCR5+Foxp3+ T cells in human pathology indicate ongoing humoral activity but are not fully competent circulating Tfr cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valter R Fonseca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Agua-Doce
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Raquel Maceiras
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Wim Pierson
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Filipa Ribeiro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Vasco C Romão
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Pires
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Susana Lopes da Silva
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Eurico Fonseca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana E Sousa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Luis Graca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
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36
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Strickland N, Müller TL, Berkowitz N, Goliath R, Carrington MN, Wilkinson RJ, Burgers WA, Riou C. Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Specific Cells Using MHC Class II Tetramers Reveals Phenotypic Differences Related to HIV Infection and Tuberculosis Disease. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2017; 199:ji1700849. [PMID: 28794233 PMCID: PMC5624500 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge for the development of an effective vaccine against tuberculosis (TB) is that the attributes of protective CD4+ T cell responses are still elusive for human TB. Infection with HIV type 1 is a major risk factor for TB, and a better understanding of HIV-induced alterations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD4+ T cells that leads to failed host resistance may provide insight into protective T cell immunity to TB. A total of 86 participants from a TB-endemic setting, either HIV-infected or uninfected and with latent or active TB (aTB), were screened using M.tuberculosis-specific MHC class II tetramers. We examined the phenotype as well as function of ex vivo M. tuberculosis-specific tetramer+CD4+ T cells using flow cytometry. The numbers of M. tuberculosis-specific tetramer+CD4+ T cells were relatively well maintained in HIV-infected persons with aTB, despite severe immunodeficiency. However, although HIV-uninfected persons with latent TB infection exhibited ex vivo M. tuberculosis-specific CD4+ T cells predominantly of a CXCR3+CCR6+CCR4- (Th1*) phenotype, aTB or HIV infection was associated with a contraction of this subset. Nevertheless, in individuals with aTB and/or HIV infection, circulating ex vivo M. tuberculosis-specific CD4+ T cells did not display defects in exhaustion or polyfunctionality compared with healthy HIV-uninfected individuals with latent TB infection. Collectively, these data suggest that increased susceptibility to TB disease could be related to a loss of circulating Th1* CD4+ T cells rather than major changes in the number or function of circulating CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Strickland
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tracey L Müller
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Natacha Berkowitz
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Center for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rene Goliath
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Center for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mary N Carrington
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA 02139
| | - Robert J Wilkinson
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Center for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, W2 1PG London, United Kingdom; and
- The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 2AT London, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy A Burgers
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Catherine Riou
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa;
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa
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37
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Maceiras AR, Fonseca VR, Agua-Doce A, Graca L. T follicular regulatory cells in mice and men. Immunology 2017; 152:25-35. [PMID: 28617936 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has long been known that CD4 T cells are necessary to provide help to B cells, triggering a germinal centre (GC) reaction where affinity maturation and isotype switching occur. However, the nature of the dedicated CD4 helper T cells, known as T follicular helper (Tfh), was only recently described. Here, we review the biology and function of the recently described T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells, another CD4 T-cell population also found within GCs but with regulatory function and characteristics. Tfr cells have been identified in mice and humans as simultaneously presenting characteristics of T follicular cells (namely CXCR5 expression) and regulatory T cells (including Foxp3 expression). These Tfr cells have been implicated in the regulation of the magnitude of the GC reaction, as well as in protection from immune-mediated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Raquel Maceiras
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Valter R Fonseca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte - Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Agua-Doce
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Luis Graca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
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38
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Merani S, Truong WW, Hancock W, Anderson CC, Shapiro AMJ. Chemokines and Their Receptors in Islet Allograft Rejection and as Targets for Tolerance Induction. Cell Transplant 2017; 15:295-309. [PMID: 28863747 DOI: 10.3727/000000006783981963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Graft rejection is a major barrier to successful outcome of transplantation surgery. Islet transplantation introduces insulin secreting tissue into type 1 diabetes mellitus recipients, relieving patients from exogenous insulin injection. However, insulitis of grafted tissue and allograft rejection prevent long-term insulin independence. Leukocyte trafficking is necessary for the launch of successful immune responses to pathogen or allograft. Chemokines, small chemotactic cytokines, direct the migration of leukocytes through their interaction with chemokine receptors found on cell surfaces of immune cells. Unique receptor expression of leukocytes, and the specificity of chemokine secretion during various states of immune response, suggest that the extracellular chemokine milieu specifically homes certain leukocyte subsets. Thus, only those leukocytes required for the current immune task are attracted to the inflammatory site. Chemokine blockade, using antagonists and monoclonal antibodies directed against chemokine receptors, is an emerging and specific immunosuppressive strategy. Importantly, chemokine blockade may potentiate tolerance induction regimens to be used following transplantation surgery, and prevent the need for life-long immunosuppression of islet transplant recipients. Here, the role for chemokine blockade in islet transplant rejection and tolerance is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheed Merani
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB, Canada
| | - Wayne W Truong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB, Canada
| | - Wayne Hancock
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Joseph Stokes, Jr. Research Institute and Biesecker Pediatric Liver Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Colin C Anderson
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB, Canada
| | - A M James Shapiro
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB, Canada
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39
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The Enigmatic Role of Viruses in Multiple Sclerosis: Molecular Mimicry or Disturbed Immune Surveillance? Trends Immunol 2017; 38:498-512. [PMID: 28549714 PMCID: PMC7185415 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a T cell driven autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Despite its association with Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), how viral infections promote MS remains unclear. However, there is increasing evidence that the CNS is continuously surveyed by virus-specific T cells, which protect against reactivating neurotropic viruses. Here, we discuss how viral infections could lead to the breakdown of self-tolerance in genetically predisposed individuals, and how the reactivations of viruses in the CNS could induce the recruitment of both autoaggressive and virus-specific T cell subsets, causing relapses and progressive disability. A disturbed immune surveillance in MS would explain several experimental findings, and has important implications for prognosis and therapy. A huge body of evidence suggests that viral infections promote MS; however, no single causal virus has been identified. Multiple viruses could promote MS via bystander effects. Molecular mimicry is an established pathogenic mechanism in selected autoimmune diseases. It is also well documented in MS, but its contribution to MS pathogenesis is still unclear. Bystander activation upon viral infection could be involved in the generation of the autoreactive and potentially encephalitogenic T helper (Th)-1/17 central memory (Th1/17CM) cells found in the circulation of patients with MS. Autoreactive Th1/17CM cells could expand at the cost of antiviral Th1CM cells in patients with MS, in particular in those undergoing natalizumab therapy, because these cells are expected to compete for the same homeostatic niche. Autoreactive Th1/17 cells and antiviral Th1 cells are recruited to the CSF of patients with MS following attacks, suggesting that viral reactivations in the CNS induce the recruitment of pathogenic Th1/17 cells. Autoreactive Th1/17 cells in the CNS might also induce de novo viral reactivations in a circuit of self-induced inflammation.
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40
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Dynamic versus static biomarkers in cancer immune checkpoint blockade: unravelling complexity. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017; 16:264-272. [PMID: 28057932 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2016.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, there has been a coordinated effort from academic institutions and the pharmaceutical industry to identify biomarkers that can predict responses to immune checkpoint blockade in cancer. Several biomarkers have been identified; however, none has reliably predicted response in a sufficiently rigorous manner for routine use. Here, we argue that the therapeutic response to immune checkpoint blockade is a critical state transition of a complex system. Such systems are highly sensitive to initial conditions, and critical transitions are notoriously difficult to predict far in advance. Nevertheless, warning signals can be detected closer to the tipping point. Advances in mathematics and network biology are starting to make it possible to identify such warning signals. We propose that these dynamic biomarkers could prove to be useful in distinguishing responding from non-responding patients, as well as facilitate the identification of new therapeutic targets for combination therapy.
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41
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Influenza and Memory T Cells: How to Awake the Force. Vaccines (Basel) 2016; 4:vaccines4040033. [PMID: 27754364 PMCID: PMC5192353 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines4040033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Annual influenza vaccination is an effective way to prevent human influenza. Current vaccines are mainly focused on eliciting a strain-matched humoral immune response, requiring yearly updates, and do not provide protection for all vaccinated individuals. The past few years, the importance of cellular immunity, and especially memory T cells, in long-lived protection against influenza virus has become clear. To overcome the shortcomings of current influenza vaccines, eliciting both humoral and cellular immunity is imperative. Today, several new vaccines such as infection-permissive and recombinant T cell inducing vaccines, are being developed and show promising results. These vaccines will allow us to stay several steps ahead of the constantly evolving influenza virus.
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42
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Costa C, Traves SL, Tudhope SJ, Fenwick PS, Belchamber KB, Russell RE, Barnes PJ, Donnelly LE. Enhanced monocyte migration to CXCR3 and CCR5 chemokines in COPD. Eur Respir J 2016; 47:1093-102. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01642-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients exhibit chronic inflammation, both in the lung parenchyma and the airways, which is characterised by an increased infiltration of macrophages and T-lymphocytes, particularly CD8+ cells. Both cell types can express chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor (CXCR)3 and C-C chemokine receptor 5 and the relevant chemokines for these receptors are elevated in COPD. The aim of this study was to compare chemotactic responses of lymphocytes and monocytes of nonsmokers, smokers and COPD patients towards CXCR3 ligands and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)5.Migration of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, monocytes and lymphocytes from nonsmokers, smokers and COPD patients toward CXCR3 chemokines and CCL5 was analysed using chemotaxis assays.There was increased migration of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from COPD patients towards all chemokines studied when compared with nonsmokers and smokers. Both lymphocytes and monocytes contributed to this enhanced response, which was not explained by increased receptor expression. However, isolated lymphocytes failed to migrate and isolated monocytes from COPD patients lost their enhanced migratory capacity.Both monocytes and lymphocytes cooperate to enhance migration towards CXCR3 chemokines and CCL5. This may contribute to increased numbers of macrophages and T-cells in the lungs of COPD patients, and inhibition of recruitment using selective antagonists might be a treatment to reduce the inflammatory response in COPD.
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43
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Abstract
T cell migration is essential for T cell responses; it allows for the detection of cognate antigen at the surface of antigen-presenting cells and for interactions with other cells involved in the immune response. Although appearing random, growing evidence suggests that T cell motility patterns are strategic and governed by mechanisms that are optimized for both the activation stage of the cell and for environment-specific cues. In this Opinion article, we discuss how the combined effects of T cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic forces influence T cell motility patterns in the context of highly complex tissues that are filled with other cells involved in parallel motility. In particular, we examine how insights from 'search theory' can be used to describe T cell movement across an 'exploitation-exploration trade-off' in the context of activation versus effector function and lymph nodes versus peripheral tissues.
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44
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Zhang R, Borges CM, Fan MY, Harris JE, Turka LA. Requirement for CD28 in Effector Regulatory T Cell Differentiation, CCR6 Induction, and Skin Homing. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:4154-61. [PMID: 26408668 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The skin, similar to most nonlymphoid tissues, contains substantial numbers of T cells. Among these, memory T cells serve a sentinel role to protect against pathogens, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) terminate immune responses as a check against unrestrained inflammation. Previously, we created conditional knockout mice with Treg-specific deletion of CD28. Although these mice have normal numbers of Tregs, these cells have lower levels of CTLA-4, PD-1, and CCR6, and the animals develop systemic autoimmunity characterized by prominent skin inflammation. In this study, we have performed a detailed analysis of the skin disease in these mice. Our data show that Treg-expressed CD28 is required for optimal maturation of CD44(lo)CD62L(hi) central Tregs into CD44(hi)CD62L(lo) effector Tregs (eTregs), as well as induction of CCR6 among the cells that do become eTregs. Although CD28-deficient Tregs are able to regulate inflammation normally when injected directly into the skin, they fail to home properly to inflamed skin. Collectively, these results suggest a key role for CD28 costimulation in promoting a central Treg to eTreg transition with appropriate upregulation of chemokine receptors such as CCR6 that are required for tissue homing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruan Zhang
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129
| | - Christopher M Borges
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129; Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Martin Y Fan
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129; Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - John E Harris
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Laurence A Turka
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129; Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; and
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45
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Delvecchio FR, Vadrucci E, Cavalcanti E, De Santis S, Kunde D, Vacca M, Myers J, Allen F, Bianco G, Huang AY, Monsurro V, Santino A, Chieppa M. Polyphenol administration impairs T-cell proliferation by imprinting a distinct dendritic cell maturational profile. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:2638-49. [PMID: 26096294 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Currently little is known as to how nutritionally derived compounds may affect dendritic cell (DC) maturation and potentially prevent inappropriate inflammatory responses that are characteristic of chronic inflammatory syndromes. Previous observations have demonstrated that two polyphenols quercetin and piperine delivered through reconstituted oil bodies (ROBs-QP) can influence DC maturation in response to LPS leading to a modulated inflammatory response. In the present study, we examined the molecular effects of ROBs-QP exposure on DC differentiation in mice and identified a unique molecular signature in response to LPS administration that potentially modulates DC maturation and activity in inflammatory conditions. Following LPS administration, ROBs-QP-exposed DCs expressed an altered molecular profile as compared with control DCs, including cytokine and chemokine production, chemokine receptor repertoire, and antigen presentation ability. In vivo ROBs-QP administration suppresses antigen-specific T-cell division in the draining lymph nodes resulting from a reduced ability to create stable immunological synapse. Our data demonstrate that polyphenols exposure can drive DCs toward a new anti-inflammatory molecular profile capable of dampening the inflammatory response, highlighting their potential as complementary nutritional approaches in the treatment of chronic inflammatory syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisa Vadrucci
- IRCCS "de Bellis", Laboratory of Experimental Immunopathology, Castellana Grotte, BA, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Cavalcanti
- IRCCS "de Bellis", Laboratory of Experimental Immunopathology, Castellana Grotte, BA, Italy
| | - Stefania De Santis
- IRCCS "de Bellis", Laboratory of Experimental Immunopathology, Castellana Grotte, BA, Italy
| | - Dale Kunde
- School of Health Science, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Michele Vacca
- Mario Negri Sud, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Santa Maria Imbaro, CH, Italy
| | - Jay Myers
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Frederick Allen
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Giusy Bianco
- IRCCS "de Bellis", Laboratory of Experimental Immunopathology, Castellana Grotte, BA, Italy
| | - Alex Y Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Vladia Monsurro
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostic, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy
| | - Angelo Santino
- CNR, Institute of Science of Food Production, Lecce, Italy
| | - Marcello Chieppa
- IRCCS "de Bellis", Laboratory of Experimental Immunopathology, Castellana Grotte, BA, Italy
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Abós B, Castro R, González Granja A, Havixbeck JJ, Barreda DR, Tafalla C. Early activation of teleost B cells in response to rhabdovirus infection. J Virol 2015; 89:1768-80. [PMID: 25410870 PMCID: PMC4300759 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03080-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED To date, the response of teleost B cells to specific pathogens has been only scarcely addressed. In this work, we have demonstrated that viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), a fish rhabdovirus, has the capacity to infect rainbow trout spleen IgM-positive (IgM(+)) cells, although the infection is not productive. Consequently, we have studied the effects of VHSV on IgM(+) cell functionality, comparing these effects to those elicited by a Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) ligand, poly(I·C). We found that poly(I·C) and VHSV significantly upregulated TLR3 and type I interferon (IFN) transcription in spleen and blood IgM(+) cells. Further effects included the upregulated transcription of the CK5B chemokine. The significant inhibition of some of these effects in the presence of bafilomycin A1 (BAF), an inhibitor of endosomal acidification, suggests the involvement of an intracellular TLR in these responses. In the case of VHSV, these transcriptional effects were dependent on viral entry into B cells and the initiation of viral transcription. VHSV also provoked the activation of NF-κB and the upregulation of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) cell surface expression on IgM(+) cells, which, along with the increased transcription of the costimulatory molecules CD80/86 and CD83, pointed to VHSV-induced IgM(+) cell activation toward an antigen-presenting profile. Finally, despite the moderate effects of VHSV on IgM(+) cell proliferation, a consistent effect on IgM(+) cell survival was detected. IMPORTANCE Innate immune responses to pathogens established through their recognition by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) have been traditionally ascribed to innate cells. However, recent evidence in mammals has revealed that innate pathogen recognition by B lymphocytes is a crucial factor in shaping the type of immune response that is mounted. In teleosts, these immediate effects of viral encounter on B lymphocytes have not been addressed to date. In our study, we have demonstrated that VHSV infection provoked immediate transcriptional effects on B cells, at least partially mediated by intracellular PRR signaling. VHSV also activated NF-κB and increased IgM(+) cell survival. Interestingly, VHSV activated B lymphocytes toward an antigen-presenting profile, suggesting an important role of IgM(+) cells in VHSV presentation. Our results provide a first description of the effects provoked by fish rhabdoviruses through their early interaction with teleost B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Abós
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Castro
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jeffrey J Havixbeck
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniel R Barreda
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carolina Tafalla
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
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TB-IRIS, T-cell activation, and remodeling of the T-cell compartment in highly immunosuppressed HIV-infected patients with TB. AIDS 2015; 29:263-73. [PMID: 25486415 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000000546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) upon immunological recovery and the T-cell compartment after initiation of TB and antiretroviral therapy (ART). DESIGN AND METHODS We prospectively evaluated T-cell immunophenotypes by flow cytometry and cytokines by Luminex assays in a subset (n = 154) of highly immunosuppressed HIV-infected patients with TB from the Cambodian Early versus Late Introduction of Antiretrovirals randomized clinical trial. We compared findings from patients who developed TB-IRIS with findings from patients who did not develop TB-IRIS. Data were evaluated with mixed-effect linear regression, Kaplan-Meier estimates, and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, and q-values were calculated to control for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Development of TB-IRIS was associated with significantly greater pre-ART frequencies of HLA-DRCD45ROCD4, CCR5CD4, OX40CD4, and Fas effector memory CD8 T cells, and significantly elevated levels of plasma interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-10, and viral load. Post-ART initiation, effector memory CD4 and Fas effector memory CD4 T-cell frequencies significantly expanded, and central memory CD4 T-cell frequencies significantly contracted in patients who experienced TB-IRIS. By week 34 post-TB treatment initiation, effector memory/central memory CD4 T-cell ratios were markedly higher in TB-IRIS versus non-TB-IRIS patients. CONCLUSIONS A distinct pattern of pre-ART T-cell and cytokine markers appear to poise the immune response of certain patients to develop TB-IRIS. Experience of TB-IRIS is then associated with long-term remodeling of the CD4 T-cell memory compartment towards an effector memory-dominated phenotype. We speculate that these pre and post-ART TB-IRIS-associated immune parameters may contribute to superior immune control of TB/HIV co-infection and better clinical outcome.
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Geginat J, Paroni M, Maglie S, Alfen JS, Kastirr I, Gruarin P, De Simone M, Pagani M, Abrignani S. Plasticity of human CD4 T cell subsets. Front Immunol 2014; 5:630. [PMID: 25566245 PMCID: PMC4267263 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human beings are exposed to a variety of different pathogens, which induce tailored immune responses and consequently generate highly diverse populations of pathogen-specific T cells. CD4(+) T cells have a central role in adaptive immunity, since they provide essential help for both cytotoxic T cell- and antibody-mediated responses. In addition, CD4(+) regulatory T cells are required to maintain self-tolerance and to inhibit immune responses that could damage the host. Initially, two subsets of CD4(+) helper T cells were identified that secrete characteristic effector cytokines and mediate responses against different types of pathogens, i.e., IFN-γ secreting Th1 cells that fight intracellular pathogens, and IL-4 producing Th2 cells that target extracellular parasites. It is now well established that this dichotomy is insufficient to describe the complexity of CD4(+) T cell differentiation, and in particular the human CD4 compartment contains a myriad of T cell subsets with characteristic capacities to produce cytokines and to home to involved tissues. Moreover, it has become increasingly clear that these T cell subsets are not all terminally differentiated cells, but that the majority is plastic and that in particular central memory T cells can acquire different properties and functions in secondary immune responses. In addition, there is compelling evidence that helper T cells can acquire regulatory functions upon chronic stimulation in inflamed tissues. The plasticity of antigen-experienced human T cell subsets is highly relevant for translational medicine, since it opens new perspectives for immune-modulatory therapies for chronic infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Geginat
- Fondazione Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" INGM , Milan , Italy
| | - Moira Paroni
- Fondazione Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" INGM , Milan , Italy
| | - Stefano Maglie
- Fondazione Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" INGM , Milan , Italy
| | - Johanna Sophie Alfen
- Fondazione Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" INGM , Milan , Italy
| | - Ilko Kastirr
- Fondazione Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" INGM , Milan , Italy
| | - Paola Gruarin
- Fondazione Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" INGM , Milan , Italy
| | - Marco De Simone
- Fondazione Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" INGM , Milan , Italy
| | - Massimiliano Pagani
- Fondazione Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" INGM , Milan , Italy
| | - Sergio Abrignani
- Fondazione Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" INGM , Milan , Italy
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Abstract
The adaptive immune system provides critical defense against pathogenic bacteria. Commensal bacteria have begun to receive much attention in recent years, especially in the gut where there is growing evidence of complex interactions with the adaptive immune system. In the present study, we observed that commensal skin bacteria are recognized by major populations of T cells in skin-draining lymph nodes of mice. Recombination activating gene 1 (Rag1)(-/-) mice, which lack adaptive immune cells, contained living skin-derived bacteria and bacterial sequences, especially mycobacteria, in their skin-draining lymph nodes. T cells from skin-draining lymph nodes of normal mice were shown, in vitro, to specifically recognize bacteria of several species that were grown from Rag1(-/-) lymph nodes. T cells from skin-draining lymph nodes, transferred into Rag1(-/-) mice proliferated in skin-draining lymph nodes, expressed a restricted T-cell receptor spectrotype and produced cytokines. Transfer of T cells into Rag1(-/-) mice had the effect of reducing bacterial sequences in skin-draining lymph nodes and in skin itself. Antibacterial effects of transferred T cells were dependent on IFNγ and IL-17A. These studies suggest a previously unrecognized role for T cells in controlling skin commensal bacteria and provide a mechanism to account for cutaneous infections and mycobacterial infections in T-cell-deficient patients.
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50
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Selmi C, Cavaciocchi F, Lleo A, Cheroni C, De Francesco R, Lombardi SA, De Santis M, Meda F, Raimondo MG, Crotti C, Folci M, Zammataro L, Mayo MJ, Bach N, Shimoda S, Gordon SC, Miozzo M, Invernizzi P, Podda M, Scavelli R, Martin MR, Seldin MF, Lasalle JM, Gershwin ME. Genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation, copy number variation, and gene expression in monozygotic twins discordant for primary biliary cirrhosis. Front Immunol 2014; 5:128. [PMID: 24734033 PMCID: PMC3975093 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an uncommon autoimmune disease with a homogeneous clinical phenotype that reflects incomplete disease concordance in monozygotic (MZ) twins. We have taken advantage of a unique collection consisting of genomic DNA and mRNA from peripheral blood cells of female MZ twins (n = 3 sets) and sisters of similar age (n = 8 pairs) discordant for disease. We performed a genome-wide study to investigate differences in (i) DNA methylation (using a custom tiled four-plex array containing tiled 50-mers 19,084 randomly chosen methylation sites), (ii) copy number variation (CNV) (with a chip including markers derived from the 1000 Genomes Project, all three HapMap phases, and recently published studies), and/or (iii) gene expression (by whole-genome expression arrays). Based on the results obtained from these three approaches we utilized quantitative PCR to compare the expression of candidate genes. Importantly, our data support consistent differences in discordant twins and siblings for the (i) methylation profiles of 60 gene regions, (ii) CNV of 10 genes, and (iii) the expression of 2 interferon-dependent genes. Quantitative PCR analysis showed that 17 of these genes are differentially expressed in discordant sibling pairs. In conclusion, we report that MZ twins and sisters discordant for PBC manifest particular epigenetic differences and highlight the value of the epigenetic study of twins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Selmi
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Milan , Italy ; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis , Davis, CA , USA
| | - Francesca Cavaciocchi
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Milan , Italy ; BIOMETRA Department, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Ana Lleo
- Liver Unit and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Milan , Italy
| | | | | | - Simone A Lombardi
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Milan , Italy
| | - Maria De Santis
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Milan , Italy ; BIOMETRA Department, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Francesca Meda
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Milan , Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Raimondo
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Milan , Italy
| | - Chiara Crotti
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Milan , Italy
| | - Marco Folci
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Milan , Italy
| | - Luca Zammataro
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Milan , Italy
| | | | - Nancy Bach
- Mt. Sinai University , New York, NY , USA
| | - Shinji Shimoda
- Clinical Research Center, National Nagasaki Medical Center , Nagasaki , Japan
| | | | - Monica Miozzo
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan , Milan , Italy ; Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan , Italy
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Liver Unit and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Milan , Italy
| | - Mauro Podda
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Milan , Italy
| | | | - Michelle R Martin
- Genome Center and M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California Davis , Davis, CA , USA
| | - Michael F Seldin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Janine M Lasalle
- Genome Center and M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California Davis , Davis, CA , USA
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis , Davis, CA , USA
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