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Huang ZL, Pandya D, Banta DK, Ansari MS, Oh U. Cyclophilin inhibitor NIM811 ameliorates experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 2017; 311:40-48. [PMID: 28789840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophilins have diverse functions that may affect the course of central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory disorders. Anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective mechanisms may be targeted by inhibition of cyclophilin A-dependent and cyclophilin D-dependent functions, respectively. We tested the effect of cyclophilin inhibition on CNS inflammation by administering N-methyl-4-isoleucine-cyclosporin (NIM811) to mice undergoing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Treatment with NIM811 resulted in significant reduction of EAE clinical severity. Analysis of mitochondrial calcium retention capacity and the course of EAE in cyclophilin D knockout mice indicated that the effect of NIM811 on EAE was not entirely cyclophilin D-dependent. NIM811-treated EAE animals showed reduction in interleukin-2 expression and reduction in CNS inflammatory infiltrates. These results indicate that anti-inflammatory rather than neuroprotective mechanisms associated with cyclophilins are likely involved in the mechanism of NIM811 in EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi L Huang
- Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Darshan Pandya
- Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Daisy K Banta
- Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Maryam S Ansari
- Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Unsong Oh
- Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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2
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King AL, Mantena SK, Andringa KK, Millender-Swain T, Dunham-Snary KJ, Oliva CR, Griguer CE, Bailey SM. The methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine prevents liver hypoxia and dysregulation of mitochondrial bioenergetic function in a rat model of alcohol-induced fatty liver disease. Redox Biol 2016; 9:188-197. [PMID: 27566282 PMCID: PMC5007436 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction and bioenergetic stress play an important role in the etiology of alcoholic liver disease. Previous studies from our laboratory show that the primary methyl donor S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) minimizes alcohol-induced disruptions in several mitochondrial functions in the liver. Herein, we expand on these earlier observations to determine whether the beneficial actions of SAM against alcohol toxicity extend to changes in the responsiveness of mitochondrial respiration to inhibition by nitric oxide (NO), induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pore, and the hypoxic state of the liver. METHODS For this, male Sprague-Dawley rats were pair-fed control and alcohol-containing liquid diets with and without SAM for 5 weeks and liver hypoxia, mitochondrial respiration, MPT pore induction, and NO-dependent control of respiration were examined. RESULTS Chronic alcohol feeding significantly enhanced liver hypoxia, whereas SAM supplementation attenuated hypoxia in livers of alcohol-fed rats. SAM supplementation prevented alcohol-mediated decreases in mitochondrial state 3 respiration and cytochrome c oxidase activity. Mitochondria isolated from livers of alcohol-fed rats were more sensitive to calcium-mediated MPT pore induction (i.e., mitochondrial swelling) than mitochondria from pair-fed controls, whereas SAM treatment normalized sensitivity for calcium-induced swelling in mitochondria from alcohol-fed rats. Liver mitochondria from alcohol-fed rats showed increased sensitivity to NO-dependent inhibition of respiration compared with pair-fed controls. In contrast, mitochondria isolated from the livers of SAM treated alcohol-fed rats showed no change in the sensitivity to NO-mediated inhibition of respiration. CONCLUSION Collectively, these findings indicate that the hepato-protective effects of SAM against alcohol toxicity are mediated, in part, through a mitochondrial mechanism involving preservation of key mitochondrial bioenergetic parameters and the attenuation of hypoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne L King
- Departments of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
| | - Sudheer K Mantena
- Departments of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
| | - Kelly K Andringa
- Departments of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
| | - Telisha Millender-Swain
- Departments of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States; Departments of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
| | - Kimberly J Dunham-Snary
- Departments of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
| | - Claudia R Oliva
- Departments of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
| | - Corinne E Griguer
- Departments of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
| | - Shannon M Bailey
- Departments of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States; Departments of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
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Baghaei A, Solgi R, Jafari A, Abdolghaffari AH, Golaghaei A, Asghari MH, Baeeri M, Ostad SN, Sharifzadeh M, Abdollahi M. Molecular and biochemical evidence on the protection of cardiomyocytes from phosphine-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis by acetyl-L-carnitine. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 42:30-37. [PMID: 26773361 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) on pathologic changes of mitochondrial respiratory chain activity, ATP production, oxidative stress, and cellular apoptosis/necrosis induced by aluminum phosphide (AlP) poisoning. The study groups included: the Sham that received almond oil only; the AlP that received oral LD50 dose of aluminum; the AC-100, AC-200, and AC-300 which received concurrent oral LD50 dose of AlP and single 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg of ALCAR by intraperitoneal injection. After 24 h, the rats were sacrificed; the heart and blood sample were taken for measurement of biochemical and mitochondrial factors. The results specified that ALCAR significantly attenuated the oxidative stress (elevated ROS and plasma iron levels) caused by AlP poisoning. ALCAR also increased the activity of cytochrome oxidase, which in turn amplified ATP production. Furthermore, flow cytometric assays and caspase activity indicated that ALCAR prohibited AlP-induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Baghaei
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy; and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center; and Poisoning & Toxicology Research Center; and Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Reza Solgi
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Abbas Jafari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Golaghaei
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Asghari
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Maryam Baeeri
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Seyed Nasser Ostad
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sharifzadeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy; and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center; and Poisoning & Toxicology Research Center; and Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran.
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Inhalation exposure model of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S)-induced hypometabolism in the male Sprague-Dawley rat. Methods Enzymol 2015; 555:19-35. [PMID: 25747473 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been accepted as a physiologically relevant cell-signaling molecule with both toxic and beneficial effects depending on its concentration in mammalian tissues. Notably, exposure to H2S in breathable air has been shown to decrease aerobic metabolism and induce a reversible hypometabolic-like state in laboratory rodent models. Herein, we describe an experimental exposure setup that can be used to define the reversible cardiovascular and metabolic physiology of rodents (rats) during H2S-induced hypometabolism and following recovery.
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Anavi S, Hahn-Obercyger M, Madar Z, Tirosh O. Mechanism for HIF-1 activation by cholesterol under normoxia: a redox signaling pathway for liver damage. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 71:61-69. [PMID: 24632196 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol and chronic activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) have been separately implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of liver diseases. In AML12 hepatocytes increased HIF-1α protein accumulation was evident after 2 h of incubation with cholesterol, whereas enhanced HIF-1 transcriptional activity was observed after 6 h. Investigations into the molecular mechanism have shown that cholesterol inhibited HIF-1α degradation. Mitochondrial dysfunction and enhanced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were observed in 2-h cholesterol-treated cells along with augmented nitric oxide (NO) levels. Further analysis indicated that HIF-1α stabilization at later time (6h), but not after 2h, of incubation with cholesterol was dependent on NO production. To elucidate the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in HIF-1α stabilization, mitochondrial DNA-depleted hepatocytes were prepared. In these cells the ability of cholesterol to activate the HIF-1 pathway was abolished. Similarly, catalase overexpression also attenuated cholesterol-induced HIF-1α accumulation. These results demonstrate that cholesterol promotes HIF-1 activation in a ROS- and NO-dependent manner. Chronic liver activation of HIF-1 by cholesterol may mediate its deleterious effects in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit Anavi
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science, and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Michal Hahn-Obercyger
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science, and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Zecharia Madar
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science, and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Oren Tirosh
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science, and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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King AL, Swain TM, Mao Z, Udoh US, Oliva CR, Betancourt AM, Griguer CE, Crowe DR, Lesort M, Bailey SM. Involvement of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in chronic ethanol-mediated liver injury in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 306:G265-77. [PMID: 24356880 PMCID: PMC3920122 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00278.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Chronic ethanol consumption increases sensitivity of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pore induction in liver. Ca(2+) promotes MPT pore opening, and genetic ablation of cyclophilin D (CypD) increases the Ca(2+) threshold for the MPT. We used wild-type (WT) and CypD-null (CypD(-/-)) mice fed a control or an ethanol-containing diet to investigate the role of the MPT in ethanol-mediated liver injury. Ca(2+)-mediated induction of the MPT and mitochondrial respiration were measured in isolated liver mitochondria. Steatosis was present in WT and CypD(-/-) mice fed ethanol and accompanied by increased terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP-mediated nick-end label-positive nuclei. Autophagy was increased in ethanol-fed WT mice compared with ethanol-fed CypD(-/-) mice, as reflected by an increase in the ratio of microtubule protein 1 light chain 3B II to microtubule protein 1 light chain 3B I. Higher levels of p62 were measured in CypD(-/-) than WT mice. Ethanol decreased mitochondrial respiratory control ratios and select complex activities in WT and CypD(-/-) mice. Ethanol also increased CypD protein in liver of WT mice. Mitochondria from control- and ethanol-fed WT mice were more sensitive to Ca(2+)-mediated MPT pore induction than mitochondria from their CypD(-/-) counterparts. Mitochondria from ethanol-fed CypD(-/-) mice were also more sensitive to Ca(2+)-induced swelling than mitochondria from control-fed CypD(-/-) mice but were less sensitive than mitochondria from ethanol-fed WT mice. In summary, CypD deficiency was associated with impaired autophagy and did not prevent ethanol-mediated steatosis. Furthermore, increased MPT sensitivity was observed in mitochondria from ethanol-fed WT and CypD(-/-) mice. We conclude that chronic ethanol consumption likely lowers the threshold for CypD-regulated and -independent characteristics of the ethanol-mediated MPT pore in liver mitochondria.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autophagy
- Calcium Signaling
- Cell Respiration
- Peptidyl-Prolyl Isomerase F
- Cyclophilins/deficiency
- Cyclophilins/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Ethanol
- Fatty Liver, Alcoholic/etiology
- Fatty Liver, Alcoholic/metabolism
- Genotype
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Diseases, Alcoholic/etiology
- Liver Diseases, Alcoholic/genetics
- Liver Diseases, Alcoholic/metabolism
- Liver Diseases, Alcoholic/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Liver/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Liver/pathology
- Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore
- Mitochondrial Swelling
- Phenotype
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne L King
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Eccleston HB, Andringa KK, Betancourt AM, King AL, Mantena SK, Swain TM, Tinsley HN, Nolte RN, Nagy TR, Abrams GA, Bailey SM. Chronic exposure to a high-fat diet induces hepatic steatosis, impairs nitric oxide bioavailability, and modifies the mitochondrial proteome in mice. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:447-59. [PMID: 20919931 PMCID: PMC3118652 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-related pathologies, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, are linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and nitric oxide (NO) deficiency. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that a high-fat diet (HFD) modifies the liver mitochondrial proteome and alters proteins involved in NO metabolism, namely arginase 1 and endothelial NO synthase. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a control or HFD and liver mitochondria were isolated for proteomics and reactive oxygen species measurements. Steatosis and hepatocyte ballooning were present in livers of HFD mice, with no pathology observed in the controls. HFD mice had increased serum glucose and decreased adiponectin. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species was increased after 8 weeks in the HFD mice, but decreased at 16 weeks compared with the control, which was accompanied by increased uncoupling protein 2. Using proteomics, 22 proteins were altered as a consequence of the HFD. This cohort consists of oxidative phosphorylation, lipid metabolism, sulfur amino acid metabolism, and chaperone proteins. We observed a HFD-dependent increase in arginase 1 and decrease in activated endothelial NO synthase. Serum and liver nitrate + nitrite were decreased by HFD. In summary, these data demonstrate that a HFD causes steatosis, alters NO metabolism, and modifies the liver mitochondrial proteome; thus, NO may play an important role in the processes responsible for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather B Eccleston
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
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