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Shami GJ, Samarska IV, Koek GH, Li A, Palma E, Chokshi S, Wisse E, Braet F. Giant mitochondria in human liver disease. Liver Int 2023; 43:2365-2378. [PMID: 37615254 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
This thematic review aims to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge about the occurrence of giant mitochondria or megamitochondria in liver parenchymal cells. Their presence and accumulation are considered to be a major pathological hallmark of the health and fate of liver parenchymal cells that leads to overall tissue deterioration and eventually results in organ failure. The first description on giant mitochondria dates back to the 1960s, coinciding with the availability of the first generation of electron microscopes in clinical diagnostic laboratories. Detailed accounts on their ultrastructure have mostly been described in patients suffering from alcoholic liver disease, chronic hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Interestingly, from this extensive literature survey, it became apparent that giant mitochondria or megamitochondria present themselves with or without highly organised crystal-like intramitochondrial inclusions. The origin, formation and potential role of giant mitochondria remain to-date largely unanswered. Likewise, the biochemical composition of the well-organised crystal-like inclusions and their possible impact on mitochondrial function is unclear. Herein, concepts about the possible mechanism of their formation and three-dimensional architecture will be approached. We will furthermore discuss their importance in diagnostics, including future research outlooks and potential therapeutic interventions to cure liver disease where giant mitochondria are implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald J Shami
- School of Medical Sciences (Molecular and Cellular Biomedicine), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Iryna V Samarska
- Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ger H Koek
- Department of Internal Medicine division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Amy Li
- Centre for Healthy Futures, Torrens University Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elena Palma
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, UK
| | - Shilpa Chokshi
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, UK
| | - Eddie Wisse
- Division of Nanoscopy, Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Filip Braet
- School of Medical Sciences (Molecular and Cellular Biomedicine), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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2
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Ma X, Ding WX. Reply: Loss of hepatic DRP1 exacerbates alcoholic hepatitis by inducing megamitochondria and mitochondrial maladaptation. Hepatology 2023; 78:E82-E83. [PMID: 37505223 PMCID: PMC10530476 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics,
University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics,
University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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3
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Hu X, Shen J, Wang T, Liu M. Letter to the Editor: Loss of hepatic DRP1 exacerbates alcoholic hepatitis by inducing megamitochondria and mitochondrial maladaptation. Hepatology 2023; 78:E80-E81. [PMID: 37505208 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiayan Shen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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4
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Li A, Shami GJ, Griffiths L, Lal S, Irving H, Braet F. Giant mitochondria in cardiomyocytes: cellular architecture in health and disease. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:39. [PMID: 37775647 PMCID: PMC10541842 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Giant mitochondria are frequently observed in different disease models within the brain, kidney, and liver. In cardiac muscle, these enlarged organelles are present across diverse physiological and pathophysiological conditions including in ageing and exercise, and clinically in alcohol-induced heart disease and various cardiomyopathies. This mitochondrial aberration is widely considered an early structural hallmark of disease leading to adverse organ function. In this thematic paper, we discuss the current state-of-knowledge on the presence, structure and functional implications of giant mitochondria in heart muscle. Despite its demonstrated reoccurrence in different heart diseases, the literature on this pathophysiological phenomenon remains relatively sparse since its initial observations in the early 60s. We review historical and contemporary investigations from cultured cardiomyocytes to human tissue samples to address the role of giant mitochondria in cardiac health and disease. Finally, we discuss their significance for the future development of novel mitochondria-targeted therapies to improve cardiac metabolism and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Li
- Department of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia.
- Centre for Healthy Futures, Torrens University Australia, Surry Hills, NSW, Australia.
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
| | - Gerald J Shami
- School of Medical Sciences (Molecular and Cellular Biomedicine), The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Lisa Griffiths
- Anatomical Pathology, PathWest, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Sean Lal
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen Irving
- Department of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
| | - Filip Braet
- School of Medical Sciences (Molecular and Cellular Biomedicine), The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
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Reis MB, Ramos SG, Rocha LB, Faccioli LH. Mitochondrial swelling in cardiomyocytes: Insights from a murine model of Tityus serrulatus scorpion envenomation. Toxicon 2023; 233:107259. [PMID: 37595687 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Immune system hyperactivation is involved with clinical severity and pathological alterations during scorpion envenomation. In a murine model, mice inoculated with a lethal dose of Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom presented mitochondrial swelling in cardiomyocytes, with other structures such as sarcomeres and intercalated disks preserved. Treatment with dexamethasone or knockout animals to the interleukin-1β receptor do not undergo mitochondrial changes in cardiomyocytes during envenomation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouzarllem Barros Reis
- Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Universitário Barão de Mauá, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone Gusmão Ramos
- Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lenaldo Branco Rocha
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Helena Faccioli
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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6
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Ma X, Chen A, Melo L, Clemente-Sanchez A, Chao X, Ahmadi AR, Peiffer B, Sun Z, Sesaki H, Li T, Wang X, Liu W, Bataller R, Ni HM, Ding WX. Loss of hepatic DRP1 exacerbates alcoholic hepatitis by inducing megamitochondria and mitochondrial maladaptation. Hepatology 2023; 77:159-175. [PMID: 35698731 PMCID: PMC9744966 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Increased megamitochondria formation and impaired mitophagy in hepatocytes have been linked to the pathogenesis of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). This study aims to determine the mechanisms by which alcohol consumption increases megamitochondria formation in the pathogenesis of ALD. APPROACH AND RESULTS Human alcoholic hepatitis (AH) liver samples were used for electron microscopy, histology, and biochemical analysis. Liver-specific dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1; gene name DNM1L, an essential gene regulating mitochondria fission ) knockout (L-DRP1 KO) mice and wild-type mice were subjected to chronic plus binge alcohol feeding. Both human AH and alcohol-fed mice had decreased hepatic DRP1 with increased accumulation of hepatic megamitochondria. Mechanistic studies revealed that alcohol feeding decreased DRP1 by impairing transcription factor EB-mediated induction of DNM1L . L-DRP1 KO mice had increased megamitochondria and decreased mitophagy with increased liver injury and inflammation, which were further exacerbated by alcohol feeding. Seahorse flux and unbiased metabolomics analysis showed alcohol intake increased mitochondria oxygen consumption and hepatic nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ), acylcarnitine, and ketone levels, which were attenuated in L-DRP1 KO mice, suggesting that loss of hepatic DRP1 leads to maladaptation to alcohol-induced metabolic stress. RNA-sequencing and real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed increased gene expression of the cGAS-stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-interferon pathway in L-DRP1 KO mice regardless of alcohol feeding. Alcohol-fed L-DRP1 KO mice had increased cytosolic mtDNA and mitochondrial dysfunction leading to increased activation of cGAS-STING-interferon signaling pathways and liver injury. CONCLUSION Alcohol consumption decreases hepatic DRP1 resulting in increased megamitochondria and mitochondrial maladaptation that promotes AH by mitochondria-mediated inflammation and cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Allen Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Luma Melo
- Center for Liver Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ana Clemente-Sanchez
- Center for Liver Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Liver Unit and Digestive Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xiaojuan Chao
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Ali Reza Ahmadi
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Brandon Peiffer
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhaoli Sun
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hiromi Sesaki
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tiangang Li
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Xiaokun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Wanqing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ramon Bataller
- Center for Liver Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hong-Min Ni
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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7
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Khmelinskii I, Makarov VI. Theoretical approaches used in the modelling of reversible and irreversible mitochondrial swelling in vitro. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 2022; 172:15-23. [PMID: 35447196 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Existing theoretical approaches were considered that allow modelling of mitochondrial swelling (MS) dynamics. Simple phenomenological kinetic models were reviewed. Simple and extended biophysical and bioenergetic models that ignore mechanical properties of inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), and similar models that include these mechanical properties were also reviewed. Limitations of these models we considered, as regards correct modelling of MS dynamics. It was found that simple phenomenological kinetic models have significant limitations, due to dependence of the kinetic parameter values estimated by fitting of the experimental data on the experimental conditions. Additionally, such simple models provide no understanding of the detailed mechanisms behind the MS dynamics, nor of the dynamics of various system parameters during MS. Thus, biophysical and bioenergetic models ignoring IMM mechanical properties can't be used to model the transition between reversible and irreversible MS. However, simple and extended biophysical models that include IMM mechanical properties allow modelling the transition to irreversible swelling. These latter models are still limited due to significantly simplified description of biochemistry, compared to those of bioenergetic models. Finally, a strategy of model development is proposed, towards correct interpretation of the mitochondrial life cycle, including the effects of MS dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Khmelinskii
- Universidade do Algarve, FCT, DQB and CEOT, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Vladimir I Makarov
- University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, PO Box 23343, San Juan, PR, 00931-3343, USA.
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8
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Abstract
The loss of mitochondrial cristae integrity and mitochondrial swelling are hallmarks of multiple forms of necrotic cell death. One of the most well-studied and relevant inducers of mitochondrial swelling is matrix calcium (Ca2+). Respiring mitochondria will intake available Ca2+ into their matrix until a threshold is reached which triggers the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP). Upon opening of the pore, mitochondrial membrane potential dissipates and the mitochondria begin to swell, rendering them dysfunctional. The total amount of Ca2+ taken up by a mitochondrion prior to the engagement of the MPTP is referred to as mitochondrial Ca2+ retention capacity (CRC). The CRC/swelling assay is a useful tool for observing the dose-dependent event of mitochondrial dysfunction in real-time. In this technique, isolated mitochondria are treated with specific boluses of Ca2+ until they reach CRC and undergo swelling. A fluorometer is utilized to detect an increase in transmitted light passing through the sample as the mitochondria lose cristae density, and simultaneously measures calcium uptake by way of a Ca2+-specific membrane impermeable fluorescent dye. Here we provide a detailed protocol describing the mitochondrial CRC/swelling assay and we discuss how varying amounts of mitochondria and Ca2+ added to the system affect the dose-dependency of the assay. We also report how to validate the assay by using MPTP and calcium uptake inhibitors and troubleshooting common mistakes that occur with this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielys M Mendoza
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason Karch
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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9
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Kosic M, Paunovic V, Ristic B, Mircic A, Bosnjak M, Stevanovic D, Kravic-Stevovic T, Trajkovic V, Harhaji-Trajkovic L. 3-Methyladenine prevents energy stress-induced necrotic death of melanoma cells through autophagy-independent mechanisms. J Pharmacol Sci 2021; 147:156-167. [PMID: 34294367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of 3-methyladenine (3MA), a class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-blocking autophagy inhibitor, on cancer cell death induced by simultaneous inhibition of glycolysis by 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) and mitochondrial respiration by rotenone. 2DG/rotenone reduced ATP levels and increased mitochondrial superoxide production, causing mitochondrial swelling and necrotic death in various cancer cell lines. 2DG/rotenone failed to increase proautophagic beclin-1 and autophagic flux in melanoma cells despite the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). 3MA, but not autophagy inhibition with other PI3K and lysosomal inhibitors, attenuated 2DG/rotenone-induced mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, ATP depletion, and cell death, while antioxidant treatment mimicked its protective action. The protection was not mediated by autophagy upregulation via class I PI3K/Akt inhibition, as it was preserved in cells with genetically inhibited autophagy. 3MA increased AMPK and mTORC1 activation in energy-stressed cells, but neither AMPK nor mTORC1 inhibition reduced its cytoprotective effect. 3MA reduced JNK activation, and JNK pharmacological/genetic suppression mimicked its mitochondria-preserving and cytoprotective activity. Therefore, 3MA prevents energy stress-triggered cancer cell death through autophagy-independent mechanisms possibly involving JNK suppression and decrease of oxidative stress. Our results warrant caution when using 3MA as an autophagy inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Kosic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Verica Paunovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Ristic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Mircic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mihajlo Bosnjak
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Stevanovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Kravic-Stevovic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Trajkovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ljubica Harhaji-Trajkovic
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute for Biological Research, "Sinisa Stankovic"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
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10
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Neginskaya MA, Strubbe JO, Amodeo GF, West BA, Yakar S, Bazil JN, Pavlov EV. The very low number of calcium-induced permeability transition pores in the single mitochondrion. J Gen Physiol 2020; 152:e202012631. [PMID: 32810269 PMCID: PMC7537349 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202012631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial permeability transition (PT) is a phenomenon of stress-induced increase in nonspecific permeability of the mitochondrial inner membrane that leads to disruption of oxidative phosphorylation and cell death. Quantitative measurement of the membrane permeability increase during PT is critically important for understanding the PT's impact on mitochondrial function. The elementary unit of PT is a PT pore (PTP), a single channel presumably formed by either ATP synthase or adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT). It is not known how many channels are open in a single mitochondrion during PT, which makes it difficult to quantitatively estimate the overall degree of membrane permeability. Here, we used wide-field microscopy to record mitochondrial swelling and quantitatively measure rates of single-mitochondrion volume increase during PT-induced high-amplitude swelling. PT was quantified by calculating the rates of water flux responsible for measured volume changes. The total water flux through the mitochondrial membrane of a single mitochondrion during PT was in the range of (2.5 ± 0.4) × 10-17 kg/s for swelling in 2 mM Ca2+ and (1.1 ± 0.2) × 10-17 kg/s for swelling in 200 µM Ca2+. Under these experimental conditions, a single PTP channel with ionic conductance of 1.5 nS could allow passage of water at the rate of 0.65 × 10-17 kg/s. Thus, we estimate the integral ionic conductance of the whole mitochondrion during PT to be 5.9 ± 0.9 nS for 2 mM concentration of Ca2+ and 2.6 ± 0.4 nS for 200 µM of Ca2+. The number of PTPs per mitochondrion ranged from one to nine. Due to the uncertainties in PTP structure and model parameters, PTP count results may be slightly underestimated. However, taking into account that each mitochondrion has ∼15,000 copies of ATP synthases and ANTs, our data imply that PTP activation is a rare event that occurs only in a small subpopulation of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Neginskaya
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Jasiel O. Strubbe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Giuseppe F. Amodeo
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Benjamin A. West
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Shoshana Yakar
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Jason N. Bazil
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Evgeny V. Pavlov
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY
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11
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Yin HZ, Wang HL, Ji SG, Medvedeva YV, Tian G, Bazrafkan AK, Maki NZ, Akbari Y, Weiss JH. Rapid Intramitochondrial Zn2+ Accumulation in CA1 Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons After Transient Global Ischemia: A Possible Contributor to Mitochondrial Disruption and Cell Death. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2020; 78:655-664. [PMID: 31150090 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial Zn2+ accumulation, particularly in CA1 neurons, occurs after ischemia and likely contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent neurodegeneration. However, the relationship between mitochondrial Zn2+ accumulation and their disruption has not been examined at the ultrastructural level in vivo. We employed a cardiac arrest model of transient global ischemia (TGI), combined with Timm's sulfide silver labeling, which inserts electron dense metallic silver granules at sites of labile Zn2+ accumulation, and used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to examine subcellular loci of the Zn2+ accumulation. In line with prior studies, TGI-induced damage to CA1 was far greater than to CA3 pyramidal neurons, and was substantially progressive in the hours after reperfusion (being significantly greater after 4- than 1-hour recovery). Intriguingly, TEM examination of Timm's-stained sections revealed substantial Zn2+ accumulation in many postischemic CA1 mitochondria, which was strongly correlated with their swelling and disruption. Furthermore, paralleling the evolution of neuronal injury, both the number of mitochondria containing Zn2+ and the degree of their disruption were far greater at 4- than 1-hour recovery. These data provide the first direct characterization of Zn2+ accumulation in CA1 mitochondria after in vivo TGI, and support the idea that targeting these events could yield therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sung G Ji
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John H Weiss
- Department of Neurology
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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12
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Samiei F, Shirazi FH, Naserzadeh P, Dousti F, Seydi E, Pourahmad J. Toxicity of multi-wall carbon nanotubes inhalation on the brain of rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:12096-12111. [PMID: 31984464 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07740-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the brain toxicity following the respiratory contact with multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in male Wistar rats. Rats were exposed to 5 mg/m3 MWCNT aerosol in different sizes and purities for 5 h/day, 5 days/week for 2 weeks in a whole-body exposure chamber. After 2-week exposure, mitochondrial isolation was performed from different parts of rat brain (hippocampus, frontal cortex, and cerebellum) and parameters of mitochondrial toxicity including mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse, mitochondrial swelling, and cytochrome c release, ATP level, mitochondrial GSH, and lipid peroxidation were evaluated. Our results demonstrated that MWCNTs with different characteristics, in size and purity, significantly (P < 0.05) decreased SDH activity, GSH, and ATP level, and increased mitochondrial ROS production, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial swelling, MMP collapse, and cytochrome c release in the brain mitochondria. In conclusion, we suggested that MWCNTs with different characteristics, in size and purity, induce damage in varying degrees on the mitochondrial respiratory chain and increase mitochondrial ROS formation in different parts of rat brain (hippocampus, frontal cortex, and cerebellum).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Samiei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 14155-6153, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Hosseini Shirazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 14155-6153, Tehran, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Naserzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 14155-6153, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Dousti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 14155-6153, Tehran, Iran
| | - Enayatollah Seydi
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
- Research Center for Health, Safety and Environment, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Jalal Pourahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 14155-6153, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Toleikis A, Trumbeckaite S, Liobikas J, Pauziene N, Kursvietiene L, Kopustinskiene DM. Fatty Acid Oxidation and Mitochondrial Morphology Changes as Key Modulators of the Affinity for ADP in Rat Heart Mitochondria. Cells 2020; 9:E340. [PMID: 32024170 PMCID: PMC7072426 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids are the main respiratory substrates important for cardiac function, and their oxidation is altered during various chronic disorders. We investigated the mechanism of fatty acid-oxidation-induced changes and their relations with mitochondrial morphology and ADP/ATP carrier conformation on the kinetics of the regulation of mitochondrial respiration in rat skinned cardiac fibers. Saturated and unsaturated, activated and not activated, long and medium chain, fatty acids similarly decreased the apparent KmADP. Addition of 5% dextran T-70 to mimic the oncotic pressure of the cellular cytoplasm markedly increased the low apparent KmADP value of mitochondria in cardiac fibers respiring on palmitoyl-l-carnitine or octanoyl-l-carnitine, but did not affect the high apparent KmADP of mitochondria respiring on pyruvate and malate. Electron microscopy revealed that palmitoyl-l-carnitine oxidation-induced changes in the mitochondrial ultrastructure (preventable by dextran) are similar to those induced by carboxyatractyloside. Our data suggest that a fatty acid oxidation-induced conformational change of the adenosine diphosphate (ADP)/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) carrier (M-state to C-state, condensed to orthodox mitochondria) may affect the oxidative phosphorylation affinity for ADP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfas Toleikis
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 4, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.T.); (S.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Sonata Trumbeckaite
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 4, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.T.); (S.T.); (J.L.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50166 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Julius Liobikas
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 4, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.T.); (S.T.); (J.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 4, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Neringa Pauziene
- Institute of Anatomy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Lolita Kursvietiene
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 4, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Dalia M. Kopustinskiene
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
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14
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Jang I, Pottekat A, Poothong J, Yong J, Lagunas-Acosta J, Charbono A, Chen Z, Scheuner DL, Liu M, Itkin-Ansari P, Arvan P, Kaufman RJ. PDIA1/P4HB is required for efficient proinsulin maturation and ß cell health in response to diet induced obesity. eLife 2019; 8:e44528. [PMID: 31184304 PMCID: PMC6559792 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulated proinsulin biosynthesis, disulfide bond formation and ER redox homeostasis are essential to prevent Type two diabetes. In ß cells, protein disulfide isomerase A1 (PDIA1/P4HB), the most abundant ER oxidoreductase of over 17 members, can interact with proinsulin to influence disulfide maturation. Here we find Pdia1 is required for optimal insulin production under metabolic stress in vivo. ß cell-specific Pdia1 deletion in young high-fat diet fed mice or aged mice exacerbated glucose intolerance with inadequate insulinemia and increased the proinsulin/insulin ratio in both serum and islets compared to wildtype mice. Ultrastructural abnormalities in Pdia1-null ß cells include diminished insulin granule content, ER vesiculation and distention, mitochondrial swelling and nuclear condensation. Furthermore, Pdia1 deletion increased accumulation of disulfide-linked high molecular weight proinsulin complexes and islet vulnerability to oxidative stress. These findings demonstrate that PDIA1 contributes to oxidative maturation of proinsulin in the ER to support insulin production and ß cell health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insook Jang
- Degenerative Diseases ProgramSBP Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaUnited States
| | - Anita Pottekat
- Degenerative Diseases ProgramSBP Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaUnited States
| | - Juthakorn Poothong
- Degenerative Diseases ProgramSBP Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaUnited States
| | - Jing Yong
- Degenerative Diseases ProgramSBP Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaUnited States
| | | | - Adriana Charbono
- Degenerative Diseases ProgramSBP Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaUnited States
| | - Zhouji Chen
- Degenerative Diseases ProgramSBP Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaUnited States
| | | | - Ming Liu
- Division of Metabolism Endocrinology and DiabetesUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Pamela Itkin-Ansari
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Peter Arvan
- Division of Metabolism Endocrinology and DiabetesUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Randal J Kaufman
- Degenerative Diseases ProgramSBP Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaUnited States
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15
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Zorov DB, Vorobjev IA, Popkov VA, Babenko VA, Zorova LD, Pevzner IB, Silachev DN, Zorov SD, Andrianova NV, Plotnikov EY. Lessons from the Discovery of Mitochondrial Fragmentation (Fission): A Review and Update. Cells 2019; 8:E175. [PMID: 30791381 PMCID: PMC6406845 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Thirty-five years ago, we described fragmentation of the mitochondrial population in a living cell into small vesicles (mitochondrial fission). Subsequently, this phenomenon has become an object of general interest due to its involvement in the process of oxidative stress-related cell death and having high relevance to the incidence of a pathological phenotype. Tentatively, the key component of mitochondrial fission process is segregation and further asymmetric separation of a mitochondrial body yielding healthy (normally functioning) and impaired (incapable to function in a normal way) organelles with subsequent decomposition and removal of impaired elements through autophagy (mitophagy). We speculate that mitochondria contain cytoskeletal elements, which maintain the mitochondrial shape, and also are involved in the process of intramitochondrial segregation of waste products. We suggest that perturbation of the mitochondrial fission/fusion machinery and slowdown of the removal process of nonfunctional mitochondrial structures led to the increase of the proportion of impaired mitochondrial elements. When the concentration of malfunctioning mitochondria reaches a certain threshold, this can lead to various pathologies, including aging. Overall, we suggest a process of mitochondrial fission to be an essential component of a complex system controlling a healthy cell phenotype. The role of reactive oxygen species in mitochondrial fission is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry B Zorov
- A.N.Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Ivan A Vorobjev
- A.N.Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan.
| | - Vasily A Popkov
- A.N.Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Valentina A Babenko
- A.N.Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Ljubava D Zorova
- A.N.Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Irina B Pevzner
- A.N.Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Denis N Silachev
- A.N.Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Savva D Zorov
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.
| | - Nadezda V Andrianova
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.
| | - Egor Y Plotnikov
- A.N.Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117997, Russia.
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119146, Russia.
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16
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Ramos LCB, Rodrigues FP, Biazzotto JC, de Paula Machado S, Slep LD, Hamblin MR, da Silva RS. Targeting the mitochondrial VDAC in hepatocellular carcinoma using a polyclonal antibody-conjugated to a nitrosyl ruthenium complex. J Biol Inorg Chem 2018; 23:903-916. [PMID: 29971501 PMCID: PMC6091522 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-018-1589-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The rational design of anti-cancer agents includes a new approach based on ruthenium complexes that can act as nitric oxide (NO) donor agents against specific cellular targets. One of the most studied classes of those compounds is based on bis(bipyridine) ruthenium fragment and its derivative species. In this work, we present the chemical and cytotoxicity properties against the liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 of cis-[RuII(NO+)Cl(dcbpy)2]2- conjugated to a polyclonal antibody IgG (anti-VDAC) recognizing a cell surface marker. UV-visible bands of the ruthenium complex were assigned with the aid of density functional theory, which also allowed estimation of the structures that explain the biological effects of the ruthenium complex-IgG conjugate. The interaction of cis-[RuII(NO+)Cl(dcbpy)2]3- with mitochondria was evaluated due to the potential of these organelles as anti-cancer targets, and considering they interact with the anti-VDAC antibody. The cytotoxicity of cis-[RuII(NO+)Cl(dcbpy)2]3--anti-VDAC antibody was up to 80% greater in comparison to the free cis-[RuII(NO+)Cl(dcbpy)2]3- complex. We suggest that this effect is due to site-specific interaction of the complex followed by NO release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loyanne C. B. Ramos
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando P. Rodrigues
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana C. Biazzotto
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio de Paula Machado
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Leonardo D. Slep
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física and INQUIMAE, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Laboratories of Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Roberto S. da Silva
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Wellman Laboratories of Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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17
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Wen Y, Li H, Zhou P, Liu L, Wang Z, Liang J. Upregulation of Cabin1 During Injury to Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells in Rats. Iran J Kidney Dis 2017; 11:430-437. [PMID: 29190603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Calcineurin-binding protein 1 (Cabin1) interacts with calcineurin and p53, but its function in renal tubular epithelial cell (RTEC) is unclear. We established 5/6 nephrectomized rats and angiotensin II-induced injury to the RTECs in vitro, to observe the expression of Cabin1 during RTEC injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were sacrificed at 4 and 8 weeks after 5/6 nephrectomy. Renal pathology and mitochondrial damage were detected by light and electrical microscope. The distribution of E-cadherin and α-smad were detected by indirect immunofluorescence staining. Cabin1 protein expression was detected by Western blot. RESULTS Obvious tubulointerstitial fibrosis was found in the nephrectomized rats at 8 weeks after 5/6 nephrectomy, accompanied by the increasing levels of creatinine, as well as the disruption of E-cadherin and overexpression of α-smad in RTECs. Moreover, the mitochondria became swollen and mitochondrial cristae were disrupted and poorly defined in the RTECs. Compared to the sham-operated rats, Cabin1 protein expression was significantly increased at 8 weeks after 5/6 nephrectomy, while angiotensin II-induced Cabin1 protein expression significantly increased 48 hours after stimulation in normal rat kidney epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Injury to the RTEC and Cabin1 protein overexpression occurred in a time-dependent manner both in vitro and in vivo. Cabin1 may become a potential molecular target in RTEC injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqiang Wen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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18
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Buron N, Porceddu M, Roussel C, Begriche K, Trak-Smayra V, Gicquel T, Fromenty B, Borgne-Sanchez A. Chronic and low exposure to a pharmaceutical cocktail induces mitochondrial dysfunction in liver and hyperglycemia: Differential responses between lean and obese mice. Environ Toxicol 2017; 32:1375-1389. [PMID: 27501252 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are found in the environment but the impact of this contamination on human and animal health is poorly known. The liver could be particularly targeted since a significant number of these drugs are hepatotoxic, in particular via oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Notably, the latter events can also be observed in liver diseases linked to obesity, so that the obese liver might be more sensitive to drug toxicity. In this study, we determined the effects of a chronic exposure to low doses of pharmaceuticals in wild-type and obese mice, with a particular focus on mitochondrial function. To this end, wild-type and ob/ob mice were exposed for 4 months to a cocktail of 11 pharmaceuticals provided in drinking water containing 0.01, 0.1, or 1 mg/L of each drug. At the end of the treatment, liver mitochondria were isolated and different parameters were measured. Chronic exposure to the pharmaceuticals reduced mitochondrial respiration driven by succinate and palmitoyl-l-carnitine in wild-type mice and increased antimycin-induced ROS production in ob/ob mice. Hyperglycemia and hepatic histological abnormalities were also observed in treated ob/ob mice. Investigations were also carried out in isolated liver mitochondria incubated with the mixture, or with each individual drug. The mitochondrial effects of the mixture were different from those observed in treated mice and could not be predicted from the results obtained with each drug. Because some of the 11 drugs included in our cocktail can be found in water at relatively high concentrations, our data could be relevant in environmental toxicology. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1375-1389, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Buron
- MITOLOGICS S.A.S. Hôpital Robert Debré, 48 Bd Sérurier, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Porceddu
- MITOLOGICS S.A.S. Hôpital Robert Debré, 48 Bd Sérurier, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Célestin Roussel
- MITOLOGICS S.A.S. Hôpital Robert Debré, 48 Bd Sérurier, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Karima Begriche
- Faculté De Pharmacie, INSERM, U991, 2 Av Du Prof. Léon Bernard, 35043, Rennes, France
| | | | - Thomas Gicquel
- Faculté De Pharmacie, INSERM, U991, 2 Av Du Prof. Léon Bernard, 35043, Rennes, France
- CHU Pontchaillou, Laboratoire De Toxicologie Biologique Et Médico-Légale, 35033, Rennes, France
| | - Bernard Fromenty
- Faculté De Pharmacie, INSERM, U991, 2 Av Du Prof. Léon Bernard, 35043, Rennes, France
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19
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Arrázola MS, Ramos-Fernández E, Cisternas P, Ordenes D, Inestrosa NC. Wnt Signaling Prevents the Aβ Oligomer-Induced Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore Opening Preserving Mitochondrial Structure in Hippocampal Neurons. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168840. [PMID: 28060833 PMCID: PMC5218554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder mainly known for synaptic impairment and neuronal cell loss, affecting memory processes. Beside these damages, mitochondria have been implicated in the pathogenesis of AD through the induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). The mPTP is a non-selective pore that is formed under apoptotic conditions, disturbing mitochondrial structure and thus, neuronal viability. In AD, Aβ oligomers (Aβos) favor the opening of the pore, activating mitochondria-dependent neuronal cell death cascades. The Wnt signaling activated through the ligand Wnt3a has been described as a neuroprotective signaling pathway against amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide toxicity in AD. However, the mechanisms by which Wnt signaling prevents Aβos-induced neuronal cell death are unclear. We proposed here to study whether Wnt signaling protects neurons earlier than the late damages in the progression of the disease, through the preservation of the mitochondrial structure by the mPTP inhibition. To study specific events related to mitochondrial permeabilization we performed live-cell imaging from primary rat hippocampal neurons, and electron microscopy to analyze the mitochondrial morphology and structure. We report here that Wnt3a prevents an Aβos-induced cascade of mitochondrial events that leads to neuronal cell death. This cascade involves (a) mPTP opening, (b) mitochondrial swelling, (c) mitochondrial membrane potential loss and (d) cytochrome c release, thus leading to neuronal cell death. Furthermore, our results suggest that the activation of the Wnt signaling prevents mPTP opening by two possible mechanisms, which involve the inhibition of mitochondrial GSK-3β and/or the modulation of mitochondrial hexokinase II levels and activity. This study suggests a possible new approach for the treatment of AD from a mitochondrial perspective, and will also open new lines of study in the field of Wnt signaling in neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena S Arrázola
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eva Ramos-Fernández
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro Cisternas
- Universidad de Atacama, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Departamento de Química y Biología, Copiapó, Chile
| | - Daniela Ordenes
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
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20
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Pongkan W, Pintana H, Sivasinprasasn S, Jaiwongkam T, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Testosterone deprivation accelerates cardiac dysfunction in obese male rats. J Endocrinol 2016; 229:209-20. [PMID: 27000685 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Low testosterone level is associated with increased risks of cardiovascular diseases. As obese-insulin-resistant condition could impair cardiac function and that the incidence of obesity is increased in aging men, a condition of testosterone deprivation could aggravate the cardiac dysfunction in obese-insulin-resistant subjects. However, the mechanism underlying this adverse effect is unclear. This study investigated the effects of obesity on metabolic parameters, heart rate variability (HRV), left ventricular (LV) function, and cardiac mitochondrial function in testosterone-deprived rats. Orchiectomized or sham-operated male Wistar rats (n=36per group) were randomly divided into groups and were given either a normal diet (ND, 19.77% of energy fat) or a high-fat diet (HFD, 57.60% of energy fat) for 12weeks. Metabolic parameters, HRV, LV function, and cardiac mitochondrial function were determined at 4, 8, and 12weeks after starting each feeding program. We found that insulin resistance was observed after 8weeks of the consumption of a HFD in both sham (HFS) and orchiectomized (HFO) rats. Neither the ND sham (NDS) group nor ND orchiectomized (NDO) rats developed insulin resistance. The development of depressed HRV, LV contractile dysfunction, and increased cardiac mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production was observed earlier in orchiectomized (NDO and HFO) rats at week 4, whereas HFS rats exhibited these impairments later at week 8. These findings suggest that testosterone deprivation accelerates the impairment of cardiac autonomic regulation and LV function via increased oxidative stress and impaired cardiac mitochondrial function in obese-orchiectomized male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanpitak Pongkan
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Hiranya Pintana
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sivaporn Sivasinprasasn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thidarat Jaiwongkam
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic ScienceFaculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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21
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Tu Y, Wang Y, Ding L, Zhang J, Wu W. Development of a Novel Thyroid Function Fluctuated Animal Model for Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148595. [PMID: 26872324 PMCID: PMC4752469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The establishment of a suitable and stable animal model is critical for research on thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). In clinical practice, we found that patients treated with I-131 often exhibit TAO; therefore, we aimed to establish a novel thyroid function fluctuated animal model of TAO by simulating the clinical treatment process. Methods We treated SD rats with I-131 to damage the thyroid and then used sodium levothyroxine (L-T4) to supplement the thyroid hormone (TH) levels every seven days, leading to a fluctuating level of thyroid hormones that simulated the status of clinical TAO patients. Rats administered normal saline were considered as a control. The weight, intraocular pressure, and serum T3, T4, TSH and TRAb levels of the rats were measured, and the pathological changes were analyzed by H&E staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results The experimental rats (TAO group) exhibited significantly reduced weight and elevated intraocular pressure compared with the control rats. Meanwhile, the serum levels of T3 and T4 were up-regulated in the TAO group, but the TSH level decreased during the 10-week study. Moreover, increased numbers of blood vessels and inflammatory cell infiltrations were observed in the orbital tissues of the TAO rats, while no abnormal changes occurred in the control rats. The orbital myofibrils in the TAO rats appeared fractured and dissolved, with twisted structures. Mitochondrial swelling and vacuoles within the endoplasmic reticulum, swelling nerve fibers, shedding nerve myelin, and macrophages were found in the TAO group. Conclusion Rats treated with I-131 and sodium levothyroxine exhibited characteristics similar to those of TAO patients in the clinic, providing an effective and simple method for the establishment of a stable animal model for research on the pathogenesis and treatment of TAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhai Tu
- The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, PR China
| | - Yilong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, PR China
| | - Luna Ding
- The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, PR China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, PR China
| | - Wencan Wu
- The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, PR China
- * E-mail:
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Wojtczak L, Więckowski MR. From mitochondrial large amplitude swelling to the permeability transition - a short historic overview. Postepy Biochem 2016; 62:298-302. [PMID: 28132484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An outline of studies on the mitochondrial large conductance permeability pore is presented starting from the early observations in the 1950s on the large amplitude mitochondrial swelling, through the concept of the permeability transition and various theories on the structure of the related permeability transition pore, up to its present identification as a part of mitochondrial (F1FO) ATPase/ATP synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lech Wojtczak
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz R Więckowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Warsaw, Poland
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Prinz J, Karacivi A, Stormanns ER, Recks MS, Kuerten S. Time-Dependent Progression of Demyelination and Axonal Pathology in MP4-Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144847. [PMID: 26658811 PMCID: PMC4676607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by inflammation, demyelination and axonal pathology. Myelin basic protein/proteolipid protein (MBP-PLP) fusion protein MP4 is capable of inducing chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in susceptible mouse strains mirroring diverse histopathological and immunological hallmarks of MS. Limited availability of human tissue underscores the importance of animal models to study the pathology of MS. Methods Twenty-two female C57BL/6 (B6) mice were immunized with MP4 and the clinical development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was observed. Methylene blue-stained semi-thin and ultra-thin sections of the lumbar spinal cord were assessed at the peak of acute EAE, three months (chronic EAE) and six months after onset of EAE (long-term EAE). The extent of lesional area and inflammation were analyzed in semi-thin sections on a light microscopic level. The magnitude of demyelination and axonal damage were determined using electron microscopy. Emphasis was put on the ventrolateral tract (VLT) of the spinal cord. Results B6 mice demonstrated increasing demyelination and severe axonal pathology in the course of MP4-induced EAE. In addition, mitochondrial swelling and a decrease in the nearest neighbor neurofilament distance (NNND) as early signs of axonal damage were evident with the onset of EAE. In semi-thin sections we observed the maximum of lesional area in the chronic state of EAE while inflammation was found to a similar extent in acute and chronic EAE. In contrast to the well-established myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) model, disease stages of MP4-induced EAE could not be distinguished by assessing the extent of parenchymal edema or the grade of inflammation. Conclusions Our results complement our previous ultrastructural studies of B6 EAE models and suggest that B6 mice immunized with different antigens constitute useful instruments to study the diverse histopathological aspects of MS.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Axons/pathology
- Axons/ultrastructure
- Demyelinating Diseases
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/chemically induced
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/physiopathology
- Female
- Humans
- Immunization
- Lumbar Vertebrae/pathology
- Lumbar Vertebrae/ultrastructure
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Microtomy
- Mitochondria/pathology
- Mitochondria/ultrastructure
- Mitochondrial Swelling
- Multiple Sclerosis/immunology
- Multiple Sclerosis/pathology
- Multiple Sclerosis/physiopathology
- Myelin Basic Protein/administration & dosage
- Myelin Proteolipid Protein/administration & dosage
- Myelin Sheath/pathology
- Myelin Sheath/ultrastructure
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/administration & dosage
- Severity of Illness Index
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Prinz
- Department of Anatomy I, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Aylin Karacivi
- Department of Anatomy I, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eva R. Stormanns
- Department of Anatomy I, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mascha S. Recks
- Department of Anatomy II, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kuerten
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Koellikerstraße 6, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Salimi A, Roudkenar MH, Sadeghi L, Mohseni A, Seydi E, Pirahmadi N, Pourahmad J. Ellagic acid, a polyphenolic compound, selectively induces ROS-mediated apoptosis in cancerous B-lymphocytes of CLL patients by directly targeting mitochondria. Redox Biol 2015; 6:461-471. [PMID: 26418626 PMCID: PMC4588415 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects ofellagic acid (EA) on the cytotoxicity, B-lymphocytes isolated from CLL patients and healthy individuals. Flow cytometric assay was used to measure the percentage of apoptosis versus necrosis, intracellular active oxygen radicals (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and the caspase-3 activity and then mitochondria were isolated from both groups B-lymphocytes and parameters of mitochondrial toxicity was investigated. Based on our results EA decreased the percentage of viable cells and induced apoptosis. EA increased ROS formation, mitochondria swelling, MMP decrease and cytochrome c release in mitochondria isolated from CLL BUT NOT healthy B-lymphocytes while pre-treatment with cyclosporine A and Butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT) prevented these effects. Our results suggest that EA can act as an anti cancer candidate by directly and selectively targeting mitochondria could induce apoptosis through mitochondria pathway with increasing ROS production which finally ends in cytochrome c release, caspase 3 activation and apoptosis in cancerous B-lymphocytes isolated from CLL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Salimi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Leila Sadeghi
- Shohadaye Tajrish Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Enayatollah Seydi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahal Pirahmadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jalal Pourahmad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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26
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Geng M, Zhou L, Liu X, Li P. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment reduced the lung injury of type II decompression sickness. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8:1797-1803. [PMID: 25973070 PMCID: PMC4396314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To detect the ultrastructural changes in rabbits with type II decompression sickness (DCS), and study the therapeutic effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO). METHODS Twenty-seven male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided equally into the DCS group, HBO treatment group and control group. Experimental models of each group were prepared. Lung apex tissues were harvested to prepare paraffin- and EPON812-embedded tissues. RESULTS In the DCS group, macroscopic and histological examination revealed severe and rapid damage to lung tissue. Ultrastructural examination revealed exudation of red blood cells in the alveolar space. Type I alveolar epithelial cells exhibited retracted cell processes and swollen mitochondria, and type II cells showed highly swollen mitochondria and decrease in cytoplasmic lamellar bodies. Dilatation and congestion of capillary vessels were accompanied by swelling of endothelial cells and incomplete basement membrane. In the HBO treatment group, the findings were somewhat similar to those in the DCS group, but the extent of damage was lesser. Only a small amount of tiny bubbles could be seen in the blood vessels. Type I alveolar epithelia cells and endothelial cells of the capillaries illustrated slight shortening of cells, swollen cytoplasm and decreased cell processes. Type II alveolar epithelial cells showed slight swelling of the mitochondria, decreased vacuolar degeneration of lamellar bodies, and increase in the number of free ribosomes. CONCLUSIONS Our microscopic and ultrastructural findings confirm that the lung is an important organ affected by DCS. We also confirmed that HBO can alleviate DCS-induced pulmonary damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Geng
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command Ji'nan 250031, Shandong Province, China
| | - Luting Zhou
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command Ji'nan 250031, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command Ji'nan 250031, Shandong Province, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command Ji'nan 250031, Shandong Province, China
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King AL, Swain TM, Mao Z, Udoh US, Oliva CR, Betancourt AM, Griguer CE, Crowe DR, Lesort M, Bailey SM. Involvement of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in chronic ethanol-mediated liver injury in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 306:G265-77. [PMID: 24356880 PMCID: PMC3920122 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00278.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Chronic ethanol consumption increases sensitivity of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pore induction in liver. Ca(2+) promotes MPT pore opening, and genetic ablation of cyclophilin D (CypD) increases the Ca(2+) threshold for the MPT. We used wild-type (WT) and CypD-null (CypD(-/-)) mice fed a control or an ethanol-containing diet to investigate the role of the MPT in ethanol-mediated liver injury. Ca(2+)-mediated induction of the MPT and mitochondrial respiration were measured in isolated liver mitochondria. Steatosis was present in WT and CypD(-/-) mice fed ethanol and accompanied by increased terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP-mediated nick-end label-positive nuclei. Autophagy was increased in ethanol-fed WT mice compared with ethanol-fed CypD(-/-) mice, as reflected by an increase in the ratio of microtubule protein 1 light chain 3B II to microtubule protein 1 light chain 3B I. Higher levels of p62 were measured in CypD(-/-) than WT mice. Ethanol decreased mitochondrial respiratory control ratios and select complex activities in WT and CypD(-/-) mice. Ethanol also increased CypD protein in liver of WT mice. Mitochondria from control- and ethanol-fed WT mice were more sensitive to Ca(2+)-mediated MPT pore induction than mitochondria from their CypD(-/-) counterparts. Mitochondria from ethanol-fed CypD(-/-) mice were also more sensitive to Ca(2+)-induced swelling than mitochondria from control-fed CypD(-/-) mice but were less sensitive than mitochondria from ethanol-fed WT mice. In summary, CypD deficiency was associated with impaired autophagy and did not prevent ethanol-mediated steatosis. Furthermore, increased MPT sensitivity was observed in mitochondria from ethanol-fed WT and CypD(-/-) mice. We conclude that chronic ethanol consumption likely lowers the threshold for CypD-regulated and -independent characteristics of the ethanol-mediated MPT pore in liver mitochondria.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autophagy
- Calcium Signaling
- Cell Respiration
- Peptidyl-Prolyl Isomerase F
- Cyclophilins/deficiency
- Cyclophilins/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Ethanol
- Fatty Liver, Alcoholic/etiology
- Fatty Liver, Alcoholic/metabolism
- Genotype
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Diseases, Alcoholic/etiology
- Liver Diseases, Alcoholic/genetics
- Liver Diseases, Alcoholic/metabolism
- Liver Diseases, Alcoholic/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Liver/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Liver/pathology
- Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore
- Mitochondrial Swelling
- Phenotype
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne L King
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Carpentieri A, Marchionatti A, Areco V, Perez A, Centeno V, Tolosa de Talamoni N. Antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties of melatonin restore intestinal calcium absorption altered by menadione. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 387:197-205. [PMID: 24234419 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1885-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal Ca²⁺ absorption is inhibited by menadione (MEN) through oxidative stress and apoptosis. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether the antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties of melatonin (MEL) could protect the gut against the oxidant MEN. For this purpose, 4-week-old chicks were divided into four groups: (1) controls, (2) treated i.p. with MEN (2.5 μmol/kg of b.w.), (3) treated i.p. with MEL (10 mg/kg of b.w.), and (4) treated with 10 mg MEL/kg of b.w after 2.5 μmol MEN/kg of b.w. Oxidative stress was assessed by determination of glutathione (GSH) and protein carbonyl contents as well as antioxidant enzyme activities. Apoptosis was assayed by the TUNEL technique, protein expression, and activity of caspase 3. The data show that MEL restores the intestinal Ca²⁺ absorption altered by MEN. In addition, MEL reversed the effects caused by MEN such as decrease in GSH levels, increase in the carbonyl content, alteration in mitochondrial membrane permeability, and enhancement of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Apoptosis triggered by MEN in the intestinal cells was arrested by MEL, as indicated by normalization of the mitochondrial membrane permeability, caspase 3 activity, and DNA fragmentation. In conclusion, MEL reverses the inhibition of intestinal Ca²⁺ absorption produced by MEN counteracting oxidative stress and apoptosis. These findings suggest that MEL could be a potential drug of choice for the reversal of impaired intestinal Ca²⁺ absorption in certain gut disorders that occur with oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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Li S, Wu C, Chen J, Lu P, Chen C, Fu M, Fang J, Gao J, Zhu L, Liang R, Shen X, Yang H. An effective solution to discover synergistic drugs for anti-cerebral ischemia from traditional Chinese medicinal formulae. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78902. [PMID: 24236065 PMCID: PMC3827340 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the pharmaceutical industry has shifted to pursuing combination therapies that comprise more than one active ingredient. Interestingly, combination therapies have been used for more than 2500 years in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Understanding optimal proportions and synergistic mechanisms of multi-component drugs are critical for developing novel strategies to combat complex diseases. A new multi-objective optimization algorithm based on least angle regression-partial least squares was proposed to construct the predictive model to evaluate the synergistic effect of the three components of a novel combination drug Yi-qi-jie-du formula (YJ), which came from clinical TCM prescription for the treatment of encephalopathy. Optimal proportion of the three components, ginsenosides (G), berberine (B) and jasminoidin (J) was determined via particle swarm optimum. Furthermore, the combination mechanisms were interpreted using PLS VIP and principal components analysis. The results showed that YJ had optimal proportion 3(G): 2(B): 0.5(J), and it yielded synergy in the treatment of rats impaired by middle cerebral artery occlusion induced focal cerebral ischemia. YJ with optimal proportion had good pharmacological effects on acute ischemic stroke. The mechanisms study demonstrated that the combination of G, B and J could exhibit the strongest synergistic effect. J might play an indispensable role in the formula, especially when combined with B for the acute stage of stroke. All these data in this study suggested that in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke, besides restoring blood supply and protecting easily damaged cells in the area of the ischemic penumbra as early as possible, we should pay more attention to the removal of the toxic metabolites at the same time. Mathematical system modeling may be an essential tool for the analysis of the complex pharmacological effects of multi-component drug. The powerful mathematical analysis method could greatly improve the efficiency in finding new combination drug from TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojing Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanhong Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Information Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Lu
- Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meihong Fu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Gao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine of pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NanChang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Rixin Liang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Chen LE, Wu F, Xin Y, Zhao A, Sun X, Zhan H. Effect of high sustained +Gz stress on myocardial mitochondrial ultrastructure, respiratory function, and antioxidant capacity in rats. J Physiol Sci 2013; 63:457-64. [PMID: 24000132 PMCID: PMC10717879 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-013-0282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to high sustained positive acceleration (+Gz) is known to have a pathophysiological effect on the heart of the rat. As critical regulators of cardiac myocyte survival and death, mitochondria may be crucially involved in +Gz-induced pathogenesis. It was, therefore, of interest to investigate myocardial mitochondrial ultrastructure, respiratory function, and antioxidant capacity in rats after exposure to +10 Gz for 5 min. The results showed that high +Gz stress could damage mitochondrial ultrastructure; this was apparent from swollen, degenerated, and reduced mitochondria, and mitochondrial cristae broken or disappeared. This resulted in significant changes of quantitative indicators of mitochondria morphometry, for example increased surface density, volume density, average volume, and average surface area, and reduced numerical density. The studies also revealed that exposure to +Gz stress induced dysfunction of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, reduced the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase), and increased malondialdehyde content. We thus conclude that high +Gz stress not only damaged mitochondrial ultrastructure but also impaired respiratory function and antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-En Chen
- Aviation Physiological Laboratory, Institute of Aviation Medicine, Air Force, No. 28 Fucheng Road, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Aviation Physiological Laboratory, Institute of Aviation Medicine, Air Force, No. 28 Fucheng Road, Beijing, China
| | - Yimei Xin
- Aviation Physiological Laboratory, Institute of Aviation Medicine, Air Force, No. 28 Fucheng Road, Beijing, China
| | - Andong Zhao
- Aviation Physiological Laboratory, Institute of Aviation Medicine, Air Force, No. 28 Fucheng Road, Beijing, China
| | - Xiqing Sun
- Department of Aerospace Biodynamics, Faculty of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 17 Chang Le Xi Lu, Xi’an, China
| | - Hao Zhan
- Aviation Physiological Laboratory, Institute of Aviation Medicine, Air Force, No. 28 Fucheng Road, Beijing, China
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Trendeleva T, Sukhanova E, Ural'skaya L, Saris NE, Zvyagilskaya R. Mitochondria from Dipodascus (Endomyces) magnusii and Yarrowia lipolytica yeasts did not undergo a Ca²⁺-dependent permeability transition even under anaerobic conditions. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2012; 43:623-31. [PMID: 22160850 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-011-9402-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study we used tightly-coupled mitochondria from Yarrowia lipolytica and Dipodascus (Endomyces) magnusii yeasts. The two yeast strains are good alternatives to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, being aerobes containing well structured mitochondria (thus ensuring less structural limitation to observe their appreciable swelling) and fully competent respiratory chain with three invariantly functioning energy conservation points, including Complex I, that can be involved in induction of the canonical Ca²⁺/P(i)-dependent mitochondrial permeability transition (mPTP pore) with an increased open probability when electron flux increases(Fontaine et al. J Biol Chem 273: 25734–25740, 1998; Bernardi et al. FEBS J 273:2077–2099, 2006). High amplitude swelling and collapse of the membrane potential were used as parameters for demonstrating pore opening. Previously (Kovaleva et al. J Bioenerg Biomembr 41:239–249, 2009; Kovaleva et al. Biochemistry (Moscow) 75: 297–303, 2010) we have shown that mitochondria from Y.lipolytica and D. magnusii were very resistant to the Ca²⁺overload combined with varying concentrations of P(i),palmitic acid, SH-reagents, carboxyatractyloside (an inhibitor of ADP/ATP translocator), as well as depletion of intramitochondrial adenine nucleotide pools, deenergization of mitochondria, and shifting to acidic pH values in the presence of high [P(i)]. Here we subjected yeast mitochondria to other conditions known to induce an mPTP in animal and plant mitochondria, namely to Ca²⁺ overload under hypoxic conditions (anaerobiosis). We were unable to observe Ca²⁺-induced high permeability of the inner membrane of D. magnusii and Y. lipolytica yeast mitochondria under anaerobic conditions, thus suggesting that an mPTP-like pore, if it ever occurs in yeast mitochondria, is not coupled with the Ca²⁺ uptake. The results provide the first demonstration of ATP-dependent energization of yeast mitochondria under conditions of anaerobiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tat'yana Trendeleva
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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Oyebode OT, Odejide TT, Kukoyi AJ, Adebisi LA, Olorunsogo OO. Effects of different fractions of Calliandra portoricensis root bark on isolated rat liver mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore. Afr J Med Med Sci 2012; 41:399-409. [PMID: 23672105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (MMPT) pore ha s emerged as a promisingtarget for various pharmacological interventions because of the consequent release of cytochrome c upon the opening of the pore which is the point of no return for apoptosis, a form of programed cell death that is down regulated in cancercells. AIM To evaluate the modulatory effects of fractions (Chloroform fraction of calliandra portoricensis( CFCP), Aqueous fraction of calliandra portoricensis (AFCP), and Ethylacetate fraction of Calliandra portoricensis (EFCP) of methanol extracts of the root bark of Calliandra portoricensis (MECP), a medicinal plant used in the traditional treatment of prostate tumour, on mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (MMPT) pore. METHODOLOGY Opening of the pore was assessed as mitochondrial swelling and was monitored spectrophotometrically as changes in absorbance at 540nm. RESULTS Varying concentrations of MECP (10microg/ml, 20microg/ml, 40microg/ml, and 60microg/ml) induced opening of the pore, in the absence of calcium, by 1.1, 2.8, 4.5, 13.8 folds, respectively while spermine reversed this inductive effect. Interestingly, unlike MECP, EFCP and AFCP did not have any effect at lower concentrations (<40microg/ml) but induced pore opening at 60microg/ml, 80microg/ ml, 100microg/ml and 120microg/ml by 1.6, 3.1, 12.7, 16.7folds, respectively for EFCP and 1.4, 5.4, 7 and 10 folds respectively, for AFCP. In the presence ofcalcium, the pore was slightly further opened by MECP, EFCP andAFCP. The CFCP however did not have any significant effect on the pore either in the presence or absence of calcium. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the bioactive agents that induced the opening of the pore are present in the most potent ethylacetate fraction of the root bark of C. portoricensis. This fraction will therefore be useful for the structural elucidation of the bioactive principle in the plant and for further studies in diseases that require increased apoptosis such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- O T Oyebode
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Departments of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Li J, Ma X, Yu W, Lou Z, Mu D, Wang Y, Shen B, Qi S. Reperfusion promotes mitochondrial dysfunction following focal cerebral ischemia in rats. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46498. [PMID: 23029539 PMCID: PMC3460895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the cell death observed after cerebral ischemia, and several mechanisms for this dysfunction have been proposed. Reperfusion after transient cerebral ischemia may cause continued and even more severe damage to the brain. Many lines of evidence have shown that mitochondria suffer severe damage in response to ischemic injury. The purpose of this study was to observe the features of mitochondrial dysfunction in isolated mitochondria during the reperfusion period following focal cerebral ischemia. METHODS Male Wistar rats were subjected to focal cerebral ischemia. Mitochondria were isolated using Percoll density gradient centrifugation. The isolated mitochondria were fixed for electron microscopic examination; calcium-induced mitochondrial swelling was quantified using spectrophotometry. Cyclophilin D was detected by Western blotting. Fluorescent probes were used to selectively stain mitochondria to measure their membrane potential and to measure reactive oxidative species production using flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS Signs of damage were observed in the mitochondrial morphology after exposure to reperfusion. The mitochondrial swelling induced by Ca(2+) increased gradually with the increasing calcium concentration, and this tendency was exacerbated as the reperfusion time was extended. Cyclophilin D protein expression peaked after 24 hours of reperfusion. The mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased significantly during the reperfusion period, with the greatest decrease observed after 24 hours of reperfusion. The surge in mitochondrial reactive oxidative species occurred after 2 hours of reperfusion and was maintained at a high level during the reperfusion period. CONCLUSIONS Reperfusion following focal cerebral ischemia induced significant mitochondrial morphological damage and Ca(2+)-induced mitochondrial swelling. The mechanism of this swelling may be mediated by the upregulation of the Cyclophilin D protein, the destruction of the mitochondrial membrane potential and the generation of excessive reactive oxidative species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuesong Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhangqun Lou
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dunlan Mu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Baozhong Shen
- Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of General Universities and Colleges of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Sihua Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Figueira TR, Castilho RF, Saito A, Oliveira HCF, Vercesi AE. The higher susceptibility of congenital analbuminemic rats to Ca2+-induced mitochondrial permeability transition is associated with the increased expression of cyclophilin D and nitrosothiol depletion. Mol Genet Metab 2011; 104:521-8. [PMID: 21963200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Congenital analbuminemia is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a trace level of albumin in blood plasma and mild clinical symptoms. Analbuminemic patients generally present associated abnormalities, among which dyslipidemia is a hallmark. In this study, we show that mitochondria isolated from different tissues (liver, heart and brain) from 3-month-old analbuminemic rats (NAR) present a higher susceptibility to Ca(2+)-induced mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), as assessed by either Ca(2+)-induced mitochondrial swelling, dissipation of membrane potential or mitochondrial Ca(2+) release. The Ca(2+) retention capacity of the liver mitochondria isolated from 3-month-old NAR was about 50% that of the control. Interestingly, the assessment of this variable in 21-day-old NAR indicated that the mitochondrial Ca(2+) retention capacity was preserved at this age, as compared to age-matched controls, which indicates that a reduced capacity for mitochondrial Ca(2+) retention is not a constitutive feature. The search for putative mediators of MPT sensitization in NAR revealed a 20% decrease in mitochondrial nitrosothiol content and a 30% increase in cyclophilin D expression. However, the evaluation of other variables related to mitochondrial redox status showed similar results between the controls and NAR, i.e., namely the contents of reduced mitochondrial membrane protein thiol groups and total glutathione, H(2)O(2) release rate, and NAD(P)H reduced state. We conclude that the higher expression of cyclophilin D, a major component of the MPT pore, and decreased nitrosothiol content in NAR mitochondria may underlie MPT sensitization in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago R Figueira
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Li WR, Han BX, Liu T, Li GY, Zhou F, Gong YQ, Gao ZZ, Cui WS, Bai GY, Xin ZC. [Changes in morphology and steroidogenic function of aged human Leydig cells]. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2011; 43:505-508. [PMID: 21844954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the changes of morphology and steroidogenic function in aged human Leydig cells and to understand the mechanism of late onset hypogonadism (LOH). METHODS Ten young and ten aged male subjects were enrolled in this study. AMS (Aging Male's Symptoms) scale was used for symptom evaluation. Testes species with LOH were utilized as the research model. Then the histological changes in testis and ultrastructure of Leydig cells were observed by HE staining and electron microscopy (EM), respectively. The serum total testosterone concentrations were measured by an ELISA kit. The expressions of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein and cholesterol-side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) were detected by western blot. RESULTS The scores of AMS in the aged group were higher than those in the young group with decreased serum testosterone levels (61.25 ± 7.08 vs. 20.75 ± 3.73,P<0.001). And the serum testosterone level of the aged human was lower than that of the young human [(3.12 ± 0.58) μg/L vs. (6.29 ± 1.17) μg/L,P<0.05]. HE staining showed that degenerative changes occurred in the aged human testes. And many swollen mitochondria with mitochondrial cristae that disappeared were found in Leydig cells of the aged human by EM. The serum total testosterone level of the aged human was significantly lower than that of the young group. And the expressions of StAR and P450scc protein in the aged group were significantly lower than those of the young group. CONCLUSION Mitochondrial swelling and decreased expressions of StAR and P450scc were closely related to the reduced ability of testosterone synthesis in aged males. And the exact mechanism needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-ren Li
- Andrology Center,Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
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Sánchez G, Fernández C, Montecinos L, Domenech RJ, Donoso P. Preconditioning tachycardia decreases the activity of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in the dog heart. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 410:916-21. [PMID: 21708132 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.06.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardioprotection by preconditioning is a central issue of current research on heart function. Several reports indicate that preventing the assembly and opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) protects the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury. We have previously reported that brief episodes of tachycardia decrease the infarct size produced by subsequent prolonged occlusion of a coronary artery, indicating that controlled tachycardia is an effective preconditioning manoeuvre. The effects of preconditioning tachycardia on mPTP activity have not been reported. Therefore, in this work we investigated if preconditioning tachycardia protects against calcium-induced mitochondrial swelling, a measure of mPTP activity. We found that tachycardia decreased by 2.5-fold the rate of mitochondrial calcium-induced swelling, a factor that presumably contributes to the cardioprotective effects of tachycardia. The oxidative status of the cell increased after tachycardia, as evidenced by the decrease in the cellular and mitochondrial GSH/GSSG ratio. We also observed increased S-glutathionylation of cyclophilin-D, an essential mPTP component, after tachycardia. This reversible redox modification of cyclophilin-D may account, al least in part, for the decreased mPTP activity produced by preconditioning tachycardia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Sánchez
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago 8389100, Chile.
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Hafner AV, Dai J, Gomes AP, Xiao CY, Palmeira CM, Rosenzweig A, Sinclair DA. Regulation of the mPTP by SIRT3-mediated deacetylation of CypD at lysine 166 suppresses age-related cardiac hypertrophy. Aging (Albany NY) 2010; 2:914-23. [PMID: 21212461 PMCID: PMC3034180 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac failure is a leading cause of age-related death, though its root cause remains unknown. Mounting evidence implicates a decline in mitochondrial function due to increased opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Here we report that the NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT3 deacetylates the regulatory component of the mPTP, cyclophilin D (CypD) on lysine 166, adjacent to the binding site of cyclosporine A, a CypD inhibitor. Cardiac myocytes from mice lacking SIRT3 exhibit an age-dependent increase in mitochondrial swelling due to increased mPTP opening, a phenotype that is rescued by cyclosporine A. SIRT3 knockout mice show accelerated signs of aging in the heart including cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis at 13 months of age. SIRT3 knockout mice are also hypersensitive to heart stress induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC), as evidenced by cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and increased mortality. Together, these data show for the first time that SIRT3 activity is necessary to prevent mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiac hypertrophy during aging and shed light on new pharmacological approaches to delaying aging and treating diseases in cardiac muscle and possibly other post-mitotic tissues.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylation
- Age Factors
- Aging
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Cardiomegaly/enzymology
- Cardiomegaly/genetics
- Cardiomegaly/pathology
- Cardiomegaly/prevention & control
- Peptidyl-Prolyl Isomerase F
- Cyclophilins/chemistry
- Cyclophilins/genetics
- Cyclophilins/metabolism
- Cyclosporine/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Lysine
- Mice
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Knockout
- Mitochondria, Heart/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Heart/enzymology
- Mitochondria, Heart/pathology
- Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins/chemistry
- Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore
- Mitochondrial Swelling
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Mutation
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/enzymology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Protein Conformation
- Sirtuin 3/deficiency
- Sirtuin 3/genetics
- Sirtuin 3/metabolism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela V. Hafner
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Pathology and Glenn Labs for Aging Research, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Freie University Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, 14195 Germany
| | - Jing Dai
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Cardiovascular Division, Harvard Medical School, Center for Life Science, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ana P. Gomes
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Pathology and Glenn Labs for Aging Research, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- University of Coimbra, Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Chun-Yang Xiao
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Cardiovascular Division, Harvard Medical School, Center for Life Science, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carlos M. Palmeira
- University of Coimbra, Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anthony Rosenzweig
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Cardiovascular Division, Harvard Medical School, Center for Life Science, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David A. Sinclair
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Pathology and Glenn Labs for Aging Research, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Brustovetsky T, Li T, Yang Y, Zhang JT, Antonsson B, Brustovetsky N. BAX insertion, oligomerization, and outer membrane permeabilization in brain mitochondria: role of permeability transition and SH-redox regulation. Biochim Biophys Acta 2010; 1797:1795-806. [PMID: 20655869 PMCID: PMC2933961 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Revised: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 07/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BAX cooperates with truncated BID (tBID) and Ca(2+) in permeabilizing the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) and releasing mitochondrial apoptogenic proteins. The mechanisms of this cooperation are still unclear. Here we show that in isolated brain mitochondria, recombinant BAX readily self-integrates/oligomerizes in the OMM but produces only a minuscule release of cytochrome c, indicating that BAX insertion/oligomerization in the OMM does not always lead to massive OMM permeabilization. Ca(2+) in a mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT)-dependent and recombinant tBID in an mPT-independent manner promoted BAX insertion/ oligomerization in the OMM and augmented cytochrome c release. Neither tBID nor Ca(2+) induced BAX oligomerization in the solution without mitochondria, suggesting that BAX oligomerization required interaction with the organelles and followed rather than preceded BAX insertion in the OMM. Recombinant Bcl-xL failed to prevent BAX insertion/oligomerization in the OMM but strongly attenuated cytochrome c release. On the other hand, a reducing agent, dithiothreitol (DTT), inhibited BAX insertion/oligomerization augmented by tBID or Ca(2+) and suppressed the BAX-mediated release of cytochrome c and Smac/DIABLO but failed to inhibit Ca(2+)-induced swelling. Altogether, these data suggest that in brain mitochondria, BAX insertion/oligomerization can be dissociated from OMM permeabilization and that tBID and Ca(2+) stimulate BAX insertion/oligomerization and BAX-mediated OMM permeabilization by different mechanisms involving mPT induction and modulation of the SH-redox state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Brustovetsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN 46202, USA
| | - Tsyregma Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN 46202, USA
| | - Youyun Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN 46202, USA
- Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN 46202, USA
| | - Jiang-Ting Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN 46202, USA
- Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN 46202, USA
| | | | - Nickolay Brustovetsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN 46202, USA
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN 46202, USA
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Pestana CR, Silva CHTP, Uyemura SA, Santos AC, Curti C. Impact of adenosine nucleotide translocase (ANT) proline isomerization on Ca2+-induced cysteine relative mobility/mitochondrial permeability transition pore. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2010; 42:329-35. [PMID: 20614171 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-010-9297-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial membrane carriers containing proline and cysteine, such as adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT), are potential targets of cyclophilin D (CyP-D) and potential Ca(2+)-induced permeability transition pore (PTP) components or regulators; CyP-D, a mitochondrial peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, is the probable target of the PTP inhibitor cyclosporine A (CsA). In the present study, the impact of proline isomerization (from trans to cis) on the mitochondrial membrane carriers containing proline and cysteine was addressed using ANT as model. For this purpose, two different approaches were used: (i) Molecular dynamic (MD) analysis of ANT-Cys(56) relative mobility and (ii) light scattering techniques employing rat liver isolated mitochondria to assess both Ca(2+)-induced ANT conformational change and mitochondrial swelling. ANT-Pro(61) isomerization increased ANT-Cys(56) relative mobility and, moreover, desensitized ANT to the prevention of this effect by ADP. In addition, Ca(2+) induced ANT "c" conformation and opened PTP; while the first effect was fully inhibited, the second was only attenuated by CsA or ADP. Atractyloside (ATR), in turn, stabilized Ca(2+)-induced ANT "c" conformation, rendering the ANT conformational change and PTP opening less sensitive to the inhibition by CsA or ADP. These results suggest that Ca(2+) induces the ANT "c" conformation, apparently associated with PTP opening, but requires the CyP-D peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity for sustaining both effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezar R Pestana
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Borillo GA, Mason M, Quijada P, Völkers M, Cottage C, McGregor M, Din S, Fischer K, Gude N, Avitable D, Barlow S, Gustafsson AB, Glembotski C, Gottlieb RA, Brown JH, Sussman MA. Pim-1 kinase protects mitochondrial integrity in cardiomyocytes. Circ Res 2010; 106:1265-74. [PMID: 20203306 PMCID: PMC2864233 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.109.212035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cardioprotective signaling mediates antiapoptotic actions through multiple mechanisms including maintenance of mitochondrial integrity. Pim-1 kinase is an essential downstream effector of AKT-mediated cardioprotection but the mechanistic basis for maintenance of mitochondrial integrity by Pim-1 remains unexplored. This study details antiapoptotic actions responsible for enhanced cell survival in cardiomyocytes with elevated Pim-1 activity. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that the cardioprotective kinase Pim-1 acts to inhibit cell death by preserving mitochondrial integrity in cardiomyocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS A combination of biochemical, molecular, and microscopic analyses demonstrate beneficial effects of Pim-1 on mitochondrial integrity. Pim-1 protein level increases in the mitochondrial fraction with a corresponding decrease in the cytosolic fraction of myocardial lysates from hearts subjected to 30 minutes of ischemia followed by 30 minutes of reperfusion. Cardiac-specific overexpression of Pim-1 results in higher levels of antiapoptotic Bcl-X(L) and Bcl-2 compared to samples from normal hearts. In response to oxidative stress challenge, Pim-1 preserves the inner mitochondrial membrane potential. Ultrastructure of the mitochondria is maintained by Pim-1 activity, which prevents swelling induced by calcium overload. Finally, mitochondria isolated from hearts created with cardiac-specific overexpression of Pim-1 show inhibition of cytochrome c release triggered by a truncated form of proapoptotic Bid. CONCLUSION Cardioprotective action of Pim-1 kinase includes preservation of mitochondrial integrity during cardiomyopathic challenge conditions, thereby raising the potential for Pim-1 kinase activation as a therapeutic interventional approach to inhibit cell death by antagonizing proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members that regulate the intrinsic apoptotic pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Apoptosis
- BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein/metabolism
- Cell Survival
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytochromes c/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mitochondria, Heart/enzymology
- Mitochondria, Heart/ultrastructure
- Mitochondrial Swelling
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/enzymology
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/genetics
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/pathology
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control
- Myocytes, Cardiac/enzymology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/ultrastructure
- Oxidative Stress
- Protein Transport
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-pim-1/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-pim-1/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Transfection
- bcl-X Protein/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwynngelle A. Borillo
- San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Matt Mason
- San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Pearl Quijada
- San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Mirko Völkers
- San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Christopher Cottage
- San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Michael McGregor
- San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Shabana Din
- San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Kimberlee Fischer
- San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Natalie Gude
- San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Daniele Avitable
- San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Steven Barlow
- San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Asa B. Gustafsson
- San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | | | - Roberta A. Gottlieb
- San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Joan Heller Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0636, USA
| | - Mark A. Sussman
- San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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Olowookere JO, Bababunmi EA, Bassir O. Correlation between vitamin-A content of the liver and osmotic behaviour of hepatic mitochondria in rats fed at different levels of dietary protein. Z Tierphysiol Tierernahr Futtermittelkd 2009; 44:218-23. [PMID: 7210899 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.1980.tb00657.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Oksanen A, Poukka R. An electron microscopical study of nutritional muscular degeneration (NMD) of myocardium and skeletal muscle in calves. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand A 2009; 80:440-8. [PMID: 5056825 DOI: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1972.tb00303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Belosludtseva NV, Belosludtsev KN, Agafonov AV, Mironova GD. [Effect of cholesterol on the formation of palmitate/Ca(2+)-activated pore in mitochondria and liposomes]. Biofizika 2009; 54:464-470. [PMID: 19569507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The influenc of cholesterol on the formation of the mitochondrial cyclosporin A (CsA)-insensitive palmitate/Ca(2+)-activated pore has been studied. It has been established that increasing the cholesterol level in mitochondrial membranes results in an increase in the of rate of mitochondrial swelling induced by palmitic acid (> or = 20 microM) and Ca2+ (30 microM). This effect is not related to changes in the functional activity of organelles since cholesterol did not influence the mitochondrial respiration in different metabolic states. At the same time, it was shown that the palmitate/Ca(2+)-induced permeabilization of cholesterol-containing azolectin liposomes was Stronger than that of azolectin liposomes. It was found that, in the liposomal membrane, the Ca(2+)-induced phase separation of palmitic acid into distinct membrane domains takes place. The presence of cholesterol in membranes increases the extent of segregation.
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Hoa N, Myers MP, Douglass TG, Zhang JG, Delgado C, Driggers L, Callahan LL, VanDeusen G, Pham JTH, Bhakta N, Ge L, Jadus MR. Molecular mechanisms of paraptosis induction: implications for a non-genetically modified tumor vaccine. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4631. [PMID: 19247476 PMCID: PMC2645013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2008] [Accepted: 01/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Paraptosis is the programmed cell death pathway that leads to cellular necrosis. Previously, rodent and human monocytes/macrophages killed glioma cells bearing the membrane macrophage colony stimulating factor (mM-CSF) through paraptosis, but the molecular mechanism of this killing process was never identified. We have demonstrated that paraptosis of rat T9 glioma cells can be initiated through a large potassium channel (BK)-dependent process initiated by reactive oxygen species. Macrophage mediated cytotoxicity upon the mM-CSF expressing T9-C2 cells was not prevented by the addition of the caspase inhibitor, zVAD-fmk. By a combination of fluorescent confocal and electron microscopy, flow cytometry, electrophysiology, pharmacology, and genetic knock-down approaches, we demonstrated that these ion channels control cellular swelling and vacuolization of rat T9 glioma cells. Cell lysis is preceded by a depletion of intracellular ATP. Six-hour exposure to BK channel activation caused T9 cells to over express heat shock proteins (Hsp 60, 70, 90 and gp96). This same treatment forced HMGB1 translocation from the nuclear region to the periphery. These last molecules are "danger signals" that can stimulate immune responses. Similar inductions of mitochondrial swelling and increased Hsp70 and 90 expressions by BK channel activation were observed with the non-immunogenic F98 glioma cells. Rats injected with T9 cells which were killed by prolonged BK channel activation developed immunity against the T9 cells, while the injection of x-irradiated apoptotic T9 cells failed to produce the vaccinating effect. These results are the first to show that glioma cellular death induced by prolonged BK channel activation improves tumor immunogenicity; this treatment reproduces the vaccinating effects of mM-CSF transduced cells. Elucidation of strategies as described in this study may prove quite valuable in the development of clinical immunotherapy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Hoa
- Diagnostic and Molecular Medicine Healthcare Group, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California, United States of America
| | - Michael P. Myers
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, California, United States of America
| | - Thomas G. Douglass
- Biology Department, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, California, United States of America
| | - Jian Gang Zhang
- Diagnostic and Molecular Medicine Healthcare Group, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Christina Delgado
- Diagnostic and Molecular Medicine Healthcare Group, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California, United States of America
| | - Lara Driggers
- Diagnostic and Molecular Medicine Healthcare Group, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California, United States of America
| | - Linda L. Callahan
- Nursing Department, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, California, United States of America
| | - Gerald VanDeusen
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, California, United States of America
| | - Jimmy T. H. Pham
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, California, United States of America
| | - Nirav Bhakta
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, California, United States of America
| | - Lisheng Ge
- Diagnostic and Molecular Medicine Healthcare Group, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California, United States of America
| | - Martin R. Jadus
- Diagnostic and Molecular Medicine Healthcare Group, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Neuro-Oncology Program, Chao Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Myshunina TM, Kalinichenko OV, Tron'ko MD. [Mechanism of apoptosis in the thyroid cells in thyroid pathology]. Fiziol Zh (1994) 2009; 55:90-102. [PMID: 20201394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The literature data and the results of own examinations concerning the changes in programmed cell death processes of goiter alterated thyroid tissue in patients with euthyroid or toxic goiter and also the extranodular tissue of the gland in the presence of pathological changes in it (the pronounced hyperplastic process, sclerotic and/or dystrophic changes, lymphoid infiltration, chronic or autoimmune thyroiditis) were analyzed. It has been shown that the significant changes in the processes ofmitochondria and postmitochondria regulation and apoptosis realization are occurred under thyroid pathology. The character and the degree of disorders in the apoptosis mitochondria mechanisms and the activity of destructive processes in the patient thyroid cells are dependent on many factors such as the type of pathology, the severity of its occurrence, the peculiarities of tissue follicular structure and the patient sex. Obtained resistance of the apoptosis mitochondria mechanisms can play an important role in the pathogenesis of thyroid nodular pathology or in the development of inflammatory and autoimmune processes.
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Murzaeva SV, Belosludtseva NV, Gavrovskaia L, Mironova GD. [Effect of taurine on the ion transport system in mitochondria]. Biofizika 2008; 53:962-966. [PMID: 19137678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The influence of taurine on the ATP-dependent mitochondrial swelling, which characterizes the activity of the ATP-dependent K+ channel and the opening of Ca(2+)-dependent pores differing in the sensitivity to cyclosporin A in rat liver mitochondria has been studied. It was shown that taurine at small (0.5-125 microM) concentrations produces a stimulating effect on the ATP-dependent mitochondrial swelling. Taurine in physiological concentrations (0.5-20 mM) di not affect the ATP-dependent mitochondrial swelling and cyclosporin A-insensitive palmitate/Ca(2+)-activated pore formation in mitochondria. Taurine in these concentrations increased the rate of cyclosporin A-sensitive swelling induced by Ca2+ and P(i) and decreased the Ca2+ capacity of mitochondria.
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Peixoto F, Martins F, Amaral C, Gomes-Laranjo J, Almeida J, Palmeira CM. Evaluation of olive oil mill wastewater toxicity on the mitochondrial bioenergetics after treatment with Candida oleophila. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2008; 70:266-275. [PMID: 18262649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2007] [Revised: 11/01/2007] [Accepted: 11/15/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In a previous work the ability of Candida oleophila to use phenolic compounds as sole carbon and energy source at high concentrations without an additional carbon source was reported. C. oleophila grown in bioreactor batch cultures in a diluted and sterilized olive oil mill wastewater (OMW) caused a significant decrease in the total tannins content but no significant alteration was observed in phenolic acid and fatty acid content. Both treated and untreated OMWs were tested to evaluate the capacity in interfering with mitochondrial bioenergetics. Mitochondrial respiration was not affected by treated OMW on the range of used concentrations, contrary to the untreated OMW. Furthermore, mitochondrial membrane potential and respiratory complexes were always significantly less affected by treated OMW in comparison with untreated OMW. However, supplementary treatment should be applied before OMW could be considered non-toxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Peixoto
- Chemistry Department, CECAV, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001 Vila Real, Portugal.
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Kruglov AG, Subbotina KB, Saris NEL. Redox-cycling compounds can cause the permeabilization of mitochondrial membranes by mechanisms other than ROS production. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 44:646-56. [PMID: 18053818 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2007] [Revised: 10/11/2007] [Accepted: 10/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The participation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the regulation of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening by the redox-cycling compounds menadione and lucigenin was explored. The level of ROS was modulated by antioxidants, anoxia, and switching the sites of the reduction of redox cyclers, the dehydrogenases of the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes. We found that the reduction of both lucigenin and menadione in the outer mitochondrial membrane caused a strong production of ROS. However, mPTP opening was accelerated only in the presence of the cationic acceptor lucigenin. The antioxidants and scavengers of ROS that considerably decreased the level of ROS in mitochondria did not prevent or delay the mPTP opening. If the transmembrane potential under anoxia was supported by exogenous ATP or ferricyanide, the permeabilization of mitochondrial membranes by menadione or lucigenin was the same as under normoxia or even more pronounced. Under anoxia, the lucigenin-dependent permeabilization of membranes was less sensitive to mPTP antagonists than under normoxia. We conclude that the opening of the mPTP by redox cyclers may be independent of ROS and is due to the direct oxidation of mitochondrial pyridine nucleotides by menadione and the modification of critical thiols of the mPTP by the cation radical of lucigenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey G Kruglov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya, 3, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia.
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Battaglino RA, Pham L, Morse LR, Vokes M, Sharma A, Odgren PR, Yang M, Sasaki H, Stashenko P. NHA-oc/NHA2: a mitochondrial cation-proton antiporter selectively expressed in osteoclasts. Bone 2008; 42:180-92. [PMID: 17988971 PMCID: PMC3593247 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2007.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2007] [Revised: 08/27/2007] [Accepted: 09/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bone resorption is regulated by a complex system of hormones and cytokines that cause osteoblasts/stromal cells and lymphocytes to produce factors including RANKL, that ultimately result in the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts, the bone resorbing cells. We used a microarray approach to identify genes upregulated in RANKL-stimulated osteoclast precursor cells. Osteoclast expression was confirmed by multiple tissue Northern and in situ hybridization analysis. Gene function studies were carried out by siRNA analysis. We identified a novel gene, which we termed nha-oc/NHA2, which is strongly upregulated during RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in vitro and in vivo. nha-oc/NHA2 encodes a novel cation-proton antiporter (CPA) and is the mouse orthologue of a human gene identified in a database search: HsNHA2. nha-oc/NHA2 is selectively expressed in osteoclasts. NHA-oc/NHA2 protein localizes to the mitochondria, where it mediates Na(+)-dependent changes in mitochondrial pH and Na(+) acetate induced mitochondrial passive swelling. RNA silencing of nha-oc/nha2 reduces osteoclast differentiation and resorption, suggesting a role for NHA-oc/NHA2 in these processes. nha-oc/NHA2 therefore is a novel member of the CPA family and is the first mitochondrial NHA characterized to date. nha-oc/NHA2 is also unique in that it is the first eukaryotic and tissue-specific CPA2 characterized to date. NHA-oc/NHA2 displays the expected activities of a bona fide CPA and plays a key role(s) in normal osteoclast differentiation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Battaglino
- Department of Cytokine Biology, Forsyth Institute, 140 The Fenway, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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