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Defoiche J, Debacq C, Asquith B, Zhang Y, Burny A, Bron D, Lagneaux L, Macallan D, Willems L. Reduction of B cell turnover in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2008; 143:240-7. [PMID: 18710389 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.07348.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Whether chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a latent or a proliferating disease has been intensively debated. Whilst the dogma that CLL results from accumulation of dormant lymphocytes is supported by the unresponsiveness of leukaemic cells to antigens and polyclonal activators, recent in vivo kinetic measurements indicate that B lymphocytes do divide at significant rates in CLL. However, an important and still unanswered question is whether CLL cells proliferate faster or slower compared with their normal counterparts. This report addressed directly this point and compared B-cell kinetics in CLL subjects and healthy controls, using a pulse-chase approach based on incorporation of deuterium from 6,6-(2)H(2)-glucose into DNA. We confirmed that B cells proliferated at significant levels in CLL but found that the proliferation rates were reduced compared with healthy subjects (mean 0.47 vs. 1.31%/d respectively, P = 0.007), equivalent to an extended doubling time of circulating B cells (147 d vs. 53 d). In conclusion, CLL B cells proliferate at reduced levels compared with healthy controls. CLL is thus characterized by an aberrant B-cell kinetics with a decrease in cell turnover, an observation that may impact on elaboration of efficient therapeutic strategies.
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BIERMAN HR, KELLY KH, MARSHALL GJ, BALUDA A, CORDES FL. THE PRODUCTION AND DESTRUCTION OF GRANULOCYTES IN NORMAL AND LEUKEMIC MAN*. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 77:417-30. [PMID: 13800589 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1959.tb36918.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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MILLER A. The in vitro binding of cobalt 60 labeled vitamin B12 by normal and leukemic sera. J Clin Invest 2000; 37:556-66. [PMID: 13539195 PMCID: PMC293121 DOI: 10.1172/jci103638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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WALKER RI, HERION JC, PALMER JG. A method for the study of the incorporation of inorganic radiophosphorus into leukocyte deoxyribonucleic acid. Anal Biochem 1998; 1:382-90. [PMID: 13782751 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(60)90035-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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CRONKITE EP, FLIEDNER TM, BOND VP, RUBINI JR. Dynamics of hemopoietic proliferation in man and mice studied by H3-thymidine incorporation into DNA. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1998; 77:803-20. [PMID: 13812971 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1959.tb36943.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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CRADDOCK CG, NAKAI GS, FUKUTA H, VANSLAGER LM. PROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY OF THE LYMPHATIC TISSUES OF RATS AS STUDIED WITH TRITIUM-LABELED THYMIDINE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996; 120:389-412. [PMID: 14207059 PMCID: PMC2137764 DOI: 10.1084/jem.120.3.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cytokinetic data are presented, employing quantitation of H3DNA in the lymphatic tissues of normal rats serially sacrificed after H3Tdr administration. A marked difference in the patterns of initial labeling and label loss was observed between the thymus and peripheral lymphatic tissue. The data are compatible with other indications of rapid cell renewal in the thymus. There is suppression of initial uptake of H3Tdr into the DNA of each large lymphocytic progenitor cell in the thymus, apparently because of a feedback of thymidine containing material from small lymphocytes in the thymus. Depletion of the thymus of small cells, as by operative stress or whole body x-ray, leads to a marked increase in the uptake of H3Tdr into the DNA of large thymocytes. This finding, which is in agreement with the previous findings of Sugino et al. (33, 34) suggesting transfer of thymine nucleotides from small thymus lymphocytes to precursor cells, may or may not be related to the apparent transfer of DNA label between thymic cells. The evidence for the latter consists of the curvilinear dilution of the DNA label in the thymus proliferating cell population and the relationship between the rate of DNA label dilution in large cells and the H3DNA in the small cells in the thymus. After the DNA label in progenitor cells in the thymus and lymph nodes has entered the small cell population, the subsequent dilution of grains in these dividing cells follows the same slope as the loss of radioactivity from the entire lymph node. There is a long retention of some H3DNA label in the dividing lymph node cell population. This suggests that the loss of radioactivity from the dividing cells and from the small cell population as a whole occurs equally. This pattern prevails regardless of whether the percentage of large and small cells is altered experimentally. These findings can be explained by an interchange of the DNA nuclear label between small lymphocytes and large lymphocytes. This could occur by some process such as phagocytosis or pinocytosis, or by transformation of the small lymphocyte into a large, dividing cell. The data fit best with the latter possibility. All or any of these mechanisms would lead to an equilibration of the DNA label between large and small cells. This finding prevents the assignment of a finite life span to lymphocytes on the basis of DNA labeling kinetics. Nevertheless, there appear to be at least two different types of lymphocytes. One, the "thymus-type" lymphocyte, is found in the thymus cortex, bone marrow and germinal centers of lymphoid follicles. The other type, found abundantly in the widespread peripheral lymphatic tissue, shows a very prolonged retention of DNA label and is believed to be the recirculating, "immunologically committed" cells described by others. These cells do not appear to enter the thymus cortex.
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Ruchti C, Haller D, Nuber M, Cottier H. Regional differences in renewal rates of fibroblasts in young adult female mice. Cell Tissue Res 1983; 232:625-36. [PMID: 6883461 DOI: 10.1007/bf00216434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Young adult female mice were given a total of 90 intraperitoneal injections each of (methyl-3H)thymidine (3HTdR) at intervals of 8 h over 30 days to establish renewal rates of fibroblasts in various locations. Radioautographs prepared from punch biopsy material of the ears, taken repeatedly during the labeling procedure, revealed an approximately linear increase of labeling indices of dermal fibroblasts with time. Labeling indices of fibroblasts at the end of repetitive injections of 3HTdR differed depending on the site and/or type of connective tissues examined. Low values were obtained for fibroblasts in the leptomeninx (3.9%), the tracheal wall (4.4%), the achilles tendon (5.8%) and the dermis of the ear (6.5%), while higher values were registered for fibroblasts located in the lower half of the abdominal dermis (12.3%), peritendinous sheaths (12.6%), the interstitial connective tissue of the thigh muscles (12.9%), the submucosa of the colon (23%), the fibrous capsule of the adrenals (25.7%), and the upper half of the abdominal dermis (26%). These regional differences, with the exception of the skin and possibly of the tracheal wall, did not correlate with local temperature. Possible additional factors influencing fibroblast renewal rates may include the type of connective tissue, the degree of vascularization, mechanical stress and hormonal action. Estimated turnover times, based on the assumptions of a DNA synthesis time of 6 h or more and a linear increase of labeling indices as a function of time of repetitive labeling, range from about 90 to more than 700 days. The higher values approximate the median life span of the mouse strain used.
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Abstract
In two untreated patients with progressive CLL, quantitative 14C autoradiography of lymph nodes and, subsequently, continuous infusion of [3H] thymidine over eight and nine days, respectively, were performed in order to analyse the lymph node cell kinetics. Simultaneously, the turnover of labelled lymphocytes in the peripheral blood was evaluated. From another CLL patient a regional lymph node was removed 6 h after an intralymphatic flash injection of [3H] thymidine and sectioned for autoradiographic study of the distribution of labelled cells within the lymph node tissue. While the durations of DNA synthesis were found to be normal, the labelling indices were reduced. The relative cell production rate was far lower than normal. Very small growth fractions were calculated, amounting to less than 1% in one patient, and to 2.4% in the other. The distribution of labelled cells in the lymph nodes was focal, which supports the finding of low growth fractions. According to the present data, CLL is a disorder in which a very small number of cells cycle at a roughly normal rate. A kinetic definition of accumulative and proliferative tumour growth is introduced. Tumour growth is termed accumulative if growth appears to result from a decreased relative cell loss rate rather than an increased relative cell production rate. According to this definition, the kinetics in CLL may be classified as accumulative. In absolute terms, however, the number of lymphoid cells produced per unit of time was found to be far higher in CLL than in the healthy state.
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Hallak GJ, Wilkinson JH. Membrane permeability in normal human lymphocytes and lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphatic leukaemia. Clin Chim Acta 1976; 69:341-9. [PMID: 1277564 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(76)90514-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The rate of release of intracellular enzymes from the lymphocytes of patients with chronic lymphatic leukaemia has been shown to be slower than that from normal lymphocytes, despite their lower enzyme contents. Addition of ATP, ADP and AMP to the medium reduces enzyme efflux in a manner similar to that in normal lymphocytes. Iodoacetate, however, causes a marked increase in enzyme leakage from both normal and leukaemic cells. It appears therefore that the membrane permeability of leukaemic lymphocytes is at least partly dependent upon the intracellular energy content. Since the ATP contents of the leukaemic cells were lower than those of normal lymphocytes, however, it is concluded that some additional factor is concerned in reducing permeability to enzymes in chronic lymphatic leukaemia. The possibility that the immunoglobulin associated with the cell membrane of leukaemic cells may play a part in reducing its permeability has been explored, but washed and unwashed cells were found to lose enzymes at similar rates. The lower permeability of the membranes of such cells may partly explain their longer lifespan in chronic lymphatic leukaemia.
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Havemann K. Nucleinsäure- und Proteinstoffwechsel in Lymphocytenkulturen von Gesunden und Patienten mit Erkrankungen des lymphatischen Systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1969. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02044668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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RIDINGS GRAY. RADIOTHERAPY IN THE LEUKEMIAS. Radiol Clin North Am 1968. [DOI: 10.1016/s0033-8389(22)02791-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pfisterer H, Bolland H, Nennhuber J, Stich W. [Lymphocyte catabolism following in-vitro labelling with Na2 51CrO4. I. Technic and results in normal subjects]. KLINISCHE WOCHENSCHRIFT 1967; 45:995-1004. [PMID: 5599669 DOI: 10.1007/bf01746132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Astaldi G, Costa G, Airo R, Duarte N. Lymphocytes from leukaemic blood cultured with phytohemagglutinin. Eur J Cancer 1965; 1:259-64. [PMID: 5874722 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2964(65)90058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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LALA PK, DAS GUPTA NN, BHATTACHARJEE SB. Lifespan of granulocytes in chronic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 1962; 8:223-9. [PMID: 14461675 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1962.tb06515.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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SCHREIER K, ZOELLER E, THOMAS K, HART W, STOECKLE V, BERGMANN E. Untersuchungen zum Aminos�urestoffwechsel menschlicher Leukocyten. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1961; 39:568-73. [PMID: 13748604 DOI: 10.1007/bf01485262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kinetics of isotope incorporation into the desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of tissues: Life span and generation time of cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1958. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02476560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Trowell O. The Lymphocyte. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1958. [DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)62689-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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RESEGOTTI L. Life Cycle of Granulocytes and Lymphocytes Determined by Making Use of59Fe Labelled Haemin as a Tracer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1957; 41:325-39. [PMID: 13497779 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1957.tb01531.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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DOERING P, HARBERS H, HARBERS E. [Studies on the behavior of leukemia blood cells after in vivo labeling of desoxyribonucleic acid with radiophosphorus]. J Mol Med (Berl) 1957; 35:31-4. [PMID: 13417494 DOI: 10.1007/bf01477430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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32
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33
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34
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MARRIAN DH, HUGHES AF, WERBA SM. Nucleic acid metabolism of the developing chick embryo. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1956; 19:318-23. [PMID: 13315277 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3002(56)90434-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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VILLEE CA. Intermediary metabolism. N Engl J Med 1954; 251:64-70. [PMID: 13176655 DOI: 10.1056/nejm195407082510205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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BIERMAN HR, BYRON RL, KELLY KH, GILFILLAN RS, WHITE LP, FREEMAN NE, PETRAKIS NL. The characteristics of thoracic duct lymph in man. J Clin Invest 1953; 32:637-49. [PMID: 13069610 PMCID: PMC438384 DOI: 10.1172/jci102776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Osgood EE, Tivey H. Response
: Measuring Rate of Growth of Leucocytes. Science 1952. [DOI: 10.1126/science.115.2992.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin E. Osgood
- Division of Experimental Medicine University of Oregon Medical School Portland
| | - Harold Tivey
- Division of Experimental Medicine University of Oregon Medical School Portland
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