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Duckett ME, Curran KM, Leeper HJ, Ruby CE, Bracha S. Fasting reduces the incidence of vincristine-associated adverse events in dogs. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 19:61-68. [PMID: 33448618 PMCID: PMC7891372 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fasting has been shown to decrease chemotherapy‐associated adverse events (AEs), in part through insulin‐like growth factor (IGF‐1) reduction, and may induce a protective effect on normal cells during chemotherapy treatment in mice and people. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of fasting on constitutional, bone marrow and gastrointestinal (GI) AEs, and serum glucose, IGF‐1 and insulin levels in dogs receiving vincristine. The study was a prospective, crossover clinical trial in tumour‐bearing dogs. Dogs were randomized to be fasted for 24 to 28 hours prior to and 6 hours following their first or second vincristine treatment, and fed normally for the alternate dose. A significant reduction in nausea, anorexia, lethargy and serum insulin was observed when dogs were fasted; however, no significant differences were found in other GI symptoms, neutrophil count, serum glucose or IGF‐1. Fasting prior to vincristine therapy is a safe and effective treatment modality that helped mitigate constitutional and GI AEs in tumour‐bearing dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E Duckett
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Kaitlin M Curran
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Haley J Leeper
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Carl E Ruby
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Shay Bracha
- Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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Rankovic A, Adolphe JL, Verbrugghe A. Role of carbohydrates in the health of dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019; 255:546-554. [PMID: 31429654 DOI: 10.2460/javma.255.5.546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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McQuown B, Burgess KE, Heinze CR. Preliminary investigation of blood concentrations of insulin-like growth factor, insulin, lactate and β-hydroxybutyrate in dogs with lymphoma as compared with matched controls. Vet Comp Oncol 2017; 16:262-267. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. McQuown
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine; Tufts University; North Grafton Massachusetts
| | - K. E. Burgess
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine; Tufts University; North Grafton Massachusetts
| | - C. R. Heinze
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine; Tufts University; North Grafton Massachusetts
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Hansen RA, Anderson C, Fettman MJ, Larue SM, Davenport DJ, Gross KL, Richardson KL, Ogilvie GK. Menhaden oil administration to dogs treated with radiation for nasal tumors demonstrates lower levels of tissue eicosanoids. Nutr Res 2012; 31:929-36. [PMID: 22153519 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2011.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or menhaden oil may reduce inflammatory eicosanoids (prostaglandin E₂, thromboxane B₂, leukotriene B₄, and 11-dehydro thromboxane B₂), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and blood lactate in dogs with nasal carcinomas receiving radiation therapy. We hypothesized that menhaden oil would reduce inflammation from radiation damage and lower blood lactate levels in dogs with nasal carcinoma. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study, 12 dogs with malignant carcinomas of the nasal cavity were given dietary menhaden oil (DHA and EPA) or soybean oil (control) and then received radiation therapy. Megavoltage radiation was delivered in 18 fractions to a total dose of 56 Gy. Blood levels of DHA, EPA, insulin, glucose, lactic acid, and MMPs 2 and 9; resting energy expenditure; and inflammatory eicosanoids from nasal biopsies were measured throughout radiation therapy. Samples were obtained from each patient 1 week before the start of radiation therapy, at start of radiation, and 7, 18 (end of radiation therapy), and 42 days after radiation was initiated. Dogs that are fed with menhaden oil had significantly (P < .05) higher plasma concentration of DHA by 500% and EPA by 200% and had significantly lower tissue inflammatory eicosanoids and decreased resting energy expenditure by 20% when compared with controls. Increased plasma DHA was significantly associated (P < .05) with decreased plasma lactic acid and MMPs. These data may suggest that dietary fish oil could reduce some detrimental inflammatory eicosanoids and metabolic consequences of radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney A Hansen
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Performance, 2801 University Circle, Weber State University, Ogden, UT 84408, USA.
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Mashita T, Shimoda T, Yoshioka H, Takahashi Y, Mitsuda M. A cat with acute myeloblastic leukemia without maturation (M1) treated with combination chemotherapy. J Vet Med Sci 2006; 68:97-101. [PMID: 16462128 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.68.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A 2-year-old domestic shorthair cat was presented to us with decreased activity and anorexia. Hematologic findings revealed a mild non-regenerative anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukocytosis with an increase in blast cells. Bone marrow aspirates also revealed a marked increase of blasts. The blastic cells were shown to be positive for peroxidase. Acute myeloblastic leukemia without maturation (M1) was diagnosed according to the FAB classification. Chemotherapy was initiated with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisolone, and cytosine arabinoside. The cat responded partially. In total, the cats were given 7 blood transfusions. The cat died 14 weeks after first being presented to us.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadahisa Mashita
- Maizuru Animal Medical Center, Maizuru City, Kyoto 625-0036, Japan
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Washizu T, Azakami D, Bonkobara M, Washizu M, Arai T. Changes in activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism in canine lymphoma cells. J Vet Med Sci 2005; 67:615-6. [PMID: 15997191 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.67.615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism in canine lymphoma cells were investigated. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase (PK) and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activities in lymphoma cells were significantly higher than those in lymphocytes obtained from lymph nodes of healthy dogs, whereas cytosolic lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was significantly lower in lymphoma cells. The cytosolic M/L ratio (MDH activity/LDH activity), which is considered to be a good indicator of energy metabolism related to glucose utilization in animal tissues, was significantly higher in lymphoma cells than in the normal lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukimi Washizu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
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Roudebush P, Davenport DJ, Novotny BJ. The use of nutraceuticals in cancer therapy. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2004; 34:249-69, viii. [PMID: 15032131 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2003.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The high prevalence of nutraceutical use among human patients with cancer suggests that the use of nutraceuticals in pet animals with cancer is probably common. Dogs with a wide variety of malignant diseases have significant alterations in carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism. These metabolic alterations may be ameliorated by using functional foods relatively low in soluble carbohydrate, moderate amounts of protein that includes sources of arginine, and moderate amounts of fat supplemented with omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Well-controlled clinical studies in a variety of species with cancer, including rodents, people, and dogs, have documented that increased dietary and serum levels of omega-3 fatty acids are associated with a number of health benefits, including improved disease-free interval, survival time, and quality of life. Other nutraceuticals of interest in patients with cancer include antioxidant vitamins, trace minerals, glutamine, protease inhibitors, garlic, tea polyphenols, vitamin A, and shark cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Roudebush
- Technical Information Services, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc. Hill's Science and Technology Center, PO Box 1658, Topeka, KS 66601, USA.
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Mazzaferro EM, Hackett TB, Stein TP, Ogilvie GK, Wingfield WE, Walton J, Turner AS, Fettman MJ. Metabolic alterations in dogs with osteosarcoma. Am J Vet Res 2001; 62:1234-9. [PMID: 11497444 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2001.62.1234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate changes in resting energy expenditure (REE) as well as protein and carbohydrate metabolism in dogs with osteosarcoma (OSA). ANIMALS 15 weight-stable dogs with OSA that did not have other concurrent metabolic or endocrine illness and twelve 1-year-old sexually intact female Beagles (control dogs). PROCEDURES Indirect calorimetry was performed on all dogs to determine REE and respiratory quotient (RQ). Stable isotope tracers (15N-glycine, 4.5 mg/kg of body weight, IV; 6,6-deuterium-glucose, 4.5 mg/kg, IV as a bolus, followed by continuous-rate infusion at 1.5 mg/kg/h for 3 hours) were used to determine rate of protein synthesis and glucose flux in all dogs. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans were performed to determine total body composition. RESULTS Accounting for metabolic body size, REE in dogs with OSA was significantly higher before and after surgery, compared with REE of healthy control dogs. The RQ values did not differ significantly between groups. Dogs with OSA also had decreased rates of protein synthesis, increased urinary nitrogen loss, and increased glucose flux during the postoperative period. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Alterations in energy expenditure, protein synthesis, urinary nitrogen loss, and carbohydrate flux were evident in dogs with OSA, similar to results documented in humans with neoplasia. Changes were documented in REE as well as protein and carbohydrate metabolism in dogs with OSA. These changes were evident even in dogs that did not have clinical signs of cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Mazzaferro
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA
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Ogilvie GK, Fettman MJ, Mallinckrodt CH, Walton JA, Hansen RA, Davenport DJ, Gross KL, Richardson KL, Rogers Q, Hand MS. Effect of fish oil, arginine, and doxorubicin chemotherapy on remission and survival time for dogs with lymphoma. Cancer 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(20000415)88:8<1916::aid-cncr22>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ogilvie GK. Interventional nutrition for the cancer patient. CLINICAL TECHNIQUES IN SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE 1998; 13:224-31. [PMID: 9842115 DOI: 10.1016/s1096-2867(98)80007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Dogs and cats with cancer have significant alterations in carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism, which can result in cancer cachexia and subsequently can decrease quality of life, reduce response to therapy, and shorten survival time. Nutritional modulation may be beneficial in the treatment of cancer patients to reverse these metabolic alterations. There is evidence that foods relatively low in simple carbohydrates with moderate amounts of high-quality protein, fiber, and fat (especially fats of the omega-3 fatty acid series) are beneficial for pets with cancer. In addition, certain supplemental nutrients may have potential to reduce the risk of developing cancer, or the growth and metastases of established malignant disease. Nutritional intervention can be a powerful tool for controlling malignant disease and for reducing toxicity associated with chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Ogilvie
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins 80523, USA
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Lagutchik MS, Ogilvie GK, Wingfield WE, Hackett TB. Lactate Kinetics in veterinary Critical Care: A Review. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 1996. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.1996.tb00036.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
Tumors directly consume nutrients and produce paraneoplastic pathometabolic changes in food use efficiency. In combination with anorexia, negative energy balance and nutrient depletion can be extensive. Refeeding against catabolic changes supports general and specific host defenses. Enteral feeding methods are preferred to parenteral techniques and nutrient profiles are available that appear to favor host repletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Crane
- Hills Pet Nutrition, Europe, London, England
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Vail DM, Panciera DL, Ogilvie GK. Thyroid hormone concentrations in dogs with chronic weight loss, with special reference to cancer cachexia. Vet Med (Auckl) 1994; 8:122-7. [PMID: 8046675 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1994.tb03209.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Serum concentrations of thyroxine (T4), 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (fT4), and free 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (fT3) were compared between tumor-bearing dogs (with and without chronic weight loss) and non-tumor-bearing dogs (with and without chronic weight loss) (n = 83). Serum T4, T3, and fT3 concentrations were lower (P < .05) in dogs with weight loss, whether or not they were tumor-bearing, than in dogs without weight loss. Serum fT4 concentrations did not vary among the groups. Serum albumin concentrations were lower (P < .05) in cachectic dogs than in dogs not experiencing weight loss, regardless of their tumor-bearing status. Percentage of weight loss was found to be associated (P < .05) with T4, T3, and fT3 concentrations. It appears that the low thyroid hormone concentrations are related to either an abnormal nutritional state or to the severity of illness, rather than to a tumor-related phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Vail
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706
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Ogilvie GK, Ford RB, Vail DM, Walters LM, Salman MD, Babineau C, Fettman MJ. Alterations in lipoprotein profiles in dogs with lymphoma. J Vet Intern Med 1994; 8:62-6. [PMID: 8176666 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1994.tb03198.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
After a 12-hour fast, blood samples were obtained from 31 dogs with previously untreated lymphoma. Blood samples were also collected from 16 of these dogs after up to 5 treatments with doxorubicin (30 mg/m2 intravenously every 3 weeks). All 16 dogs underwent complete remission. Five dogs were re-evaluated after relapse and after overt signs of cancer cachexia had become clinically apparent. Samples were assayed for 8 quantitative parameters: total cholesterol (T-CH) and total triglyceride (T-TG) concentrations, and the concentration of cholesterol and triglyceride in each of the three major lipoprotein fractions, very-low-density lipoprotein (LDL-CH and LDL-TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-CH and HDL-TG). The results were compared with those from 20 healthy control dogs of similar weight and age before and 3 weeks after being given one dose of doxorubicin (30 mg/m2 intravenously). The administration of doxorubicin to control dogs resulted in a significant (P < .05) decrease in T-CH, LDL-CH, and HDL-CH, as well as a significant increase in VLDL-TG and HDL-TG. When compared with untreated controls, untreated dogs with lymphoma had significantly higher concentrations of VLDL-CH, T-TG, VLDL-TG, LDL-TG, and HDL-TG, and significantly lower concentrations of HDL-CH. HDL-TG and VLDL-TG concentrations from dogs with lymphoma were significantly increased above pretreatment values after relapse and development of overt signs of cancer cachexia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Ogilvie
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft Collins 80523
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-caused cachexia has been reported to be caused in part by an increase in energy expenditure, and diets with nutrient profiles containing 30-50% nonprotein calories as fat instead of carbohydrate may exacerbate this state of inefficient energy utilization. METHODS Indirect calorimetry was performed on 22 dogs with high-grade lymphoblastic lymphoma that were randomized into a blind study and fed isocaloric amounts of a high-fat diet (Diet A) or a high-carbohydrate diet (Diet B) before and after remission was attained with up to five doses of doxorubicin chemotherapy (30 mg/m2 intravenously). Indirect calorimetry was also performed on 30 normal dogs for comparison. RESULTS During the initial evaluation period, the resting energy expenditure (REE/kg0.75, P < 0.05) and respiratory quotient (RQ, P < 0.05) were significantly lower than in the controls. Six weeks after the start of the study, the REE/kg0.75 and oxygen consumption (VO2/kg0.75) were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in both groups of dogs with lymphoma compared with the controls. The RQ determined 6 weeks after the start of the study for the dogs fed Diet A was significantly (P < 0.05) lower compared with that in the controls evaluated at the same time. When the two groups of dogs with lymphoma were compared with each other, there was no significant difference in any of the outcomes. The REE/kg0.75 and VO2/kg0.75 values were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the group fed Diet A after the third evaluation period compared with the second evaluation. The REE/kg0.75 and VO2/kg0.75 values were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the group given Diet B at the fourth evaluation period compared with the fifth. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that energy expenditure of dogs with lymphoma decreases transiently in response to chemotherapy and remission, but these values are less than those determined in normal dogs and not altered significantly by diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Ogilvie
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University Fort Collins 80523
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