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Nikoobakht M, Shamshiripour P, Mostafavi Zadeh SM, Rahnama M, Hajiahmadi F, Ramezani A, Farzam Rad V, Nazari E, Moradi AR, Akbarpour M, Ahmadvand D. Efficacy of cell-based immunotherapies on patients with glioma: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analysis protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e072484. [PMID: 38154889 PMCID: PMC10759140 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glial brain tumours are highly mortal and are noted as major neurosurgical challenges due to frequent recurrence or progression. Despite standard-of-care treatment for gliomas, the prognosis of patients with higher-grade glial tumours is still poor, and hence empowering antitumour immunity against glioma is a potential future oncological prospect. This review is designed to improve our understanding of the efficacy of cell-based immunotherapies for glioma. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This systematic review will be performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive search of main electronic databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, ISI Web of Science EMBASE and ProQuest will be done on original articles, followed by a manual review of review articles. Only records in English and only clinical trials will be encountered for full-text review. All the appropriate studies that encountered the inclusion criteria will be screened, selected and then will undergo data extraction step by two independent authors. For meta-analyses, data heterogeneity for each parameter will be first evaluated by Cochran's Q and I2 statistics. In case of possible heterogeneity, a random-effects meta-analysis will be performed and for homogenous data, fixed-effects models will be selected for reporting the results of the proportional meta-analysis. Bias risk will be assessed through Begg's and Egger's tests and will also be visualised by Funnel plots. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION As this study will be a systematic review without human participants' involvement, no ethical registration is required and meta-analysis will be presented at a peer-reviewed journal. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42022373297.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Nikoobakht
- Department of Neurosurgery, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Firoozgar Clinical Resrarch Development Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Shamshiripour
- Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pathology, Shahid Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mostafa Mostafavi Zadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrana Rahnama
- Department of Biophysics, Iran University of Meidcal Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahime Hajiahmadi
- Cellular Molecular Pharmacology School, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Aghdas Ramezani
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Farzam Rad
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, (IASBS), University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Elaheh Nazari
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, (IASBS), University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ali-Reza Moradi
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, (IASBS), University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mahzad Akbarpour
- Advanced Cellular Therapeutics Facility, David and Etta Jonas Center for Cellular Therapy, Hematopoietic Cellular Therapy Program, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Davoud Ahmadvand
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
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2
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Waite JC, Wang B, Haber L, Hermann A, Ullman E, Ye X, Dudgeon D, Slim R, Ajithdoss DK, Godin SJ, Ramos I, Wu Q, Oswald E, Poon P, Golubov J, Grote D, Stella J, Pawashe A, Finney J, Herlihy E, Ahmed H, Kamat V, Dorvilliers A, Navarro E, Xiao J, Kim J, Yang SN, Warsaw J, Lett C, Canova L, Schulenburg T, Foster R, Krueger P, Garnova E, Rafique A, Babb R, Chen G, Stokes Oristian N, Siao CJ, Daly C, Gurer C, Martin J, Macdonald L, MacDonald D, Poueymirou W, Smith E, Lowy I, Thurston G, Olson W, Lin JC, Sleeman MA, Yancopoulos GD, Murphy AJ, Skokos D. Tumor-targeted CD28 bispecific antibodies enhance the antitumor efficacy of PD-1 immunotherapy. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/549/eaba2325. [PMID: 32581132 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aba2325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies that block the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) checkpoint have revolutionized cancer immunotherapy. However, many major tumor types remain unresponsive to anti-PD-1 therapy, and even among responsive tumor types, most of the patients do not develop durable antitumor immunity. It has been shown that bispecific antibodies activate T cells by cross-linking the TCR/CD3 complex with a tumor-specific antigen (TSA). The class of TSAxCD3 bispecific antibodies have generated exciting results in early clinical trials. We have recently described another class of "costimulatory bispecifics" that cross-link a TSA to CD28 (TSAxCD28) and cooperate with TSAxCD3 bispecifics. Here, we demonstrate that these TSAxCD28 bispecifics (one specific for prostate cancer and the other for epithelial tumors) can also synergize with the broader anti-PD-1 approach and endow responsiveness-as well as long-term immune memory-against tumors that otherwise do not respond to anti-PD-1 alone. Unlike CD28 superagonists, which broadly activate T cells and induce cytokine storm, TSAxCD28 bispecifics display little or no toxicity when used alone or in combination with a PD-1 blocker in genetically humanized immunocompetent mouse models or in primates and thus may provide a well-tolerated and "off the shelf" combination approach with PD-1 immunotherapy that can markedly enhance antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle C Waite
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Bei Wang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Lauric Haber
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Aynur Hermann
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Erica Ullman
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Xuan Ye
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Drew Dudgeon
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Rabih Slim
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Dharani K Ajithdoss
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Stephen J Godin
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Ilyssa Ramos
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Qi Wu
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Erin Oswald
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Patrick Poon
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Jacquelynn Golubov
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Devon Grote
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Jennifer Stella
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Arpita Pawashe
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Jennifer Finney
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Evan Herlihy
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Hassan Ahmed
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Vishal Kamat
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Amanda Dorvilliers
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Elizabeth Navarro
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Jenny Xiao
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Julie Kim
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Shao Ning Yang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Jacqueline Warsaw
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Clarissa Lett
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Lauren Canova
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Teresa Schulenburg
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Randi Foster
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Pamela Krueger
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Elena Garnova
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Ashique Rafique
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Robert Babb
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Gang Chen
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | - Chia-Jen Siao
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Christopher Daly
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Cagan Gurer
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Joel Martin
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Lynn Macdonald
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Douglas MacDonald
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - William Poueymirou
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Eric Smith
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Israel Lowy
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Gavin Thurston
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - William Olson
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - John C Lin
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Matthew A Sleeman
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - George D Yancopoulos
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA.
| | - Dimitris Skokos
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA.
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3
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Heitmann JS, Pfluegler M, Jung G, Salih HR. Bispecific Antibodies in Prostate Cancer Therapy: Current Status and Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:549. [PMID: 33535627 PMCID: PMC7867165 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate carcinoma (PC) is the second most common cancer in men. When the disease becomes unresponsive to androgen deprivation therapy, the remaining treatment options are of limited benefit. Despite intense efforts, none of the T cell-based immunotherapeutic strategies that meanwhile have become a cornerstone for treatment of other malignancies is established in PC. This refers to immune checkpoint inhibition (CI), which generally reinforces T cell immunity as well as chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells and bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) that stimulate the T cell receptor/CD3-complex and mobilize T cells in a targeted manner. In general, compared to CAR-T cells, bsAb would have the advantage of being an "off the shelf" reagent associated with less preparative effort, but at present, despite enormous efforts, neither CAR-T cells nor bsAbs are successful in solid tumors. Here, we focus on the various bispecific constructs that are presently in development for treatment of PC, and discuss underlying concepts and the state of clinical evaluation as well as future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas S. Heitmann
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (J.S.H.); (M.P.)
- DFG Cluster of Excellence 2180 “Image-Guided and Functional Instructed Tumor Therapy” (IFIT), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Martin Pfluegler
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (J.S.H.); (M.P.)
- DFG Cluster of Excellence 2180 “Image-Guided and Functional Instructed Tumor Therapy” (IFIT), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gundram Jung
- DFG Cluster of Excellence 2180 “Image-Guided and Functional Instructed Tumor Therapy” (IFIT), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ Partner Site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Helmut R. Salih
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (J.S.H.); (M.P.)
- DFG Cluster of Excellence 2180 “Image-Guided and Functional Instructed Tumor Therapy” (IFIT), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
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4
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Skokos D, Waite JC, Haber L, Crawford A, Hermann A, Ullman E, Slim R, Godin S, Ajithdoss D, Ye X, Wang B, Wu Q, Ramos I, Pawashe A, Canova L, Vazzana K, Ram P, Herlihy E, Ahmed H, Oswald E, Golubov J, Poon P, Havel L, Chiu D, Lazo M, Provoncha K, Yu K, Kim J, Warsaw JJ, Stokes Oristian N, Siao CJ, Dudgeon D, Huang T, Potocky T, Martin J, MacDonald D, Oyejide A, Rafique A, Poueymirou W, Kirshner JR, Smith E, Olson W, Lin J, Thurston G, Sleeman MA, Murphy AJ, Yancopoulos GD. A class of costimulatory CD28-bispecific antibodies that enhance the antitumor activity of CD3-bispecific antibodies. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/525/eaaw7888. [PMID: 31915305 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw7888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
T cell activation is initiated upon binding of the T cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 complex to peptide-major histocompatibility complexes ("signal 1"); activation is enhanced by engagement of a second "costimulatory" receptor, such as the CD28 receptor on T cells binding to its cognate ligand(s) on the target cell ("signal 2"). CD3-based bispecific antibodies act by replacing conventional signal 1, linking T cells to tumor cells by binding a tumor-specific antigen (TSA) with one arm of the bispecific and bridging to TCR/CD3 with the other. Although some of these so-called TSAxCD3 bispecifics have demonstrated promising antitumor efficacy in patients with cancer, their activity remains to be optimized. Here, we introduce a class of bispecific antibodies that mimic signal 2 by bridging TSA to the costimulatory CD28 receptor on T cells. We term these TSAxCD28 bispecifics and describe two such bispecific antibodies: one specific for ovarian and the other for prostate cancer antigens. Unlike CD28 superagonists, which broadly activate T cells and resulted in profound toxicity in early clinical trials, these TSAxCD28 bispecifics show limited activity and no toxicity when used alone in genetically humanized immunocompetent mouse models or in primates. However, when combined with TSAxCD3 bispecifics, they enhance the artificial synapse between a T cell and its target cell, potentiate T cell activation, and markedly improve antitumor activity of CD3 bispecifics in a variety of xenogeneic and syngeneic tumor models. Combining this class of CD28-costimulatory bispecific antibodies with the emerging class of TSAxCD3 bispecifics may provide well-tolerated, off-the-shelf antibody therapies with robust antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Skokos
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA.
| | - Janelle C Waite
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Lauric Haber
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Alison Crawford
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Aynur Hermann
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Erica Ullman
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Rabih Slim
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Stephen Godin
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Dharani Ajithdoss
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Xuan Ye
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Bei Wang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Qi Wu
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Ilyssa Ramos
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Arpita Pawashe
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Lauren Canova
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Kristin Vazzana
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Priyanka Ram
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Evan Herlihy
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Hassan Ahmed
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Erin Oswald
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Jacquelynn Golubov
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Patrick Poon
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Lauren Havel
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Danica Chiu
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Miguel Lazo
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Kathleen Provoncha
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Kevin Yu
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Julie Kim
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Jacqueline J Warsaw
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | - Chia-Jen Siao
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Drew Dudgeon
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Tammy Huang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Terra Potocky
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Joel Martin
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Douglas MacDonald
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Adelekan Oyejide
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Ashique Rafique
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - William Poueymirou
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Jessica R Kirshner
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Eric Smith
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - William Olson
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - John Lin
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Gavin Thurston
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Matthew A Sleeman
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - George D Yancopoulos
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
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5
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Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a highly active area in translational medicine where the challenges and rewards of developing new drugs "from bench to bedside" become particularly visible. Here, we comment on both, the scientific and non-scientific hurdles of this translational process using the example of bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, two closely related strategies for antibody-guided recruitment of T cells against cancer. Both exert impressive therapeutic activity and were recently approved for treatment of B-cell malignancies. We discuss how the efficacy of these auspicious therapeutic tools may be further improved, in particular against solid tumors, but we also address another critical issue: Since both approaches were already introduced in the 1980s, why did it take almost thirty years until they became clinically available?
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut R Salih
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gundram Jung
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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6
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Jarry U, Chauvin C, Joalland N, Léger A, Minault S, Robard M, Bonneville M, Oliver L, Vallette FM, Vié H, Pecqueur C, Scotet E. Stereotaxic administrations of allogeneic human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells efficiently control the development of human glioblastoma brain tumors. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1168554. [PMID: 27471644 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1168554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represents the most frequent and deadliest primary brain tumor. Aggressive treatment still fails to eliminate deep brain infiltrative and highly resistant tumor cells. Human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, the major peripheral blood γδ T cell subset, react against a wide array of tumor cells and represent attractive immune effector T cells for the design of antitumor therapies. This study aims at providing a preclinical rationale for immunotherapies in GBM based on stereotaxic administration of allogeneic human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. The feasibility and the antitumor efficacy of stereotaxic Vγ9Vδ2 T cell injections have been investigated in orthotopic GBM mice model using selected heterogeneous and invasive primary human GBM cells. Allogeneic human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells survive and patrol for several days within the brain parenchyma following adoptive transfer and can successfully eliminate infiltrative GBM primary cells. These striking observations pave the way for optimized stereotaxic antitumor immunotherapies targeting human allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Jarry
- INSERM, U892, Nantes, France, Univ Nantes, Nantes, France, CNRS, UMR 6299, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO, "Immunotherapy Graft Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Cynthia Chauvin
- INSERM, U892, Nantes, France, Univ Nantes, Nantes, France, CNRS, UMR 6299, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO, "Immunotherapy Graft Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Noémie Joalland
- INSERM, U892, Nantes, France, Univ Nantes, Nantes, France, CNRS, UMR 6299, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO, "Immunotherapy Graft Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Alexandra Léger
- INSERM, U892, Nantes, France, Univ Nantes, Nantes, France, CNRS, UMR 6299, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO, "Immunotherapy Graft Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Sandrine Minault
- INSERM, U892, Nantes, France, Univ Nantes, Nantes, France, CNRS, UMR 6299 , Nantes, France
| | - Myriam Robard
- Cellular and Tissular Imaging Core Facility of Nantes University (MicroPICell), Structure Fédérative de Recherche François Bonamy, University of Nantes , Nantes, France
| | - Marc Bonneville
- INSERM, U892, Nantes, France, Univ Nantes, Nantes, France, CNRS, UMR 6299, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO, "Immunotherapy Graft Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Lisa Oliver
- INSERM, U892, Nantes, France, Univ Nantes, Nantes, France, CNRS, UMR 6299, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO, "Immunotherapy Graft Oncology", Nantes, France; Hotel Dieu, Hôpital de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - François M Vallette
- INSERM, U892, Nantes, France, Univ Nantes, Nantes, France, CNRS, UMR 6299, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO, "Immunotherapy Graft Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Henri Vié
- INSERM, U892, Nantes, France, Univ Nantes, Nantes, France, CNRS, UMR 6299, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO, "Immunotherapy Graft Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Claire Pecqueur
- INSERM, U892, Nantes, France, Univ Nantes, Nantes, France, CNRS, UMR 6299, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO, "Immunotherapy Graft Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Emmanuel Scotet
- INSERM, U892, Nantes, France, Univ Nantes, Nantes, France, CNRS, UMR 6299, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO, "Immunotherapy Graft Oncology", Nantes, France
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Chaichana KL, Pinheiro L, Brem H. Delivery of local therapeutics to the brain: working toward advancing treatment for malignant gliomas. Ther Deliv 2015; 6:353-69. [PMID: 25853310 DOI: 10.4155/tde.14.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas, including glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytomas, are characterized by their propensity to invade surrounding brain parenchyma, making curative resection difficult. These tumors typically recur within two centimeters of the resection cavity even after gross total removal. As a result, there has been an emphasis on developing therapeutics aimed at achieving local disease control. In this review, we will summarize the current developments in the delivery of local therapeutics, namely direct injection, convection-enhanced delivery and implantation of drug-loaded polymers, as well as the application of these therapeutics in future methods including microchip drug delivery and local gene therapy.
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Zitron IM, Thakur A, Norkina O, Barger GR, Lum LG, Mittal S. Targeting and killing of glioblastoma with activated T cells armed with bispecific antibodies. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:83. [PMID: 23433400 PMCID: PMC3599512 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since most glioblastomas express both wild-type EGFR and EGFRvIII as well as HER2/neu, they are excellent targets for activated T cells (ATC) armed with bispecific antibodies (BiAbs) that target EGFR and HER2. Methods ATC were generated from PBMC activated for 14 days with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody in the presence of interleukin-2 and armed with chemically heteroconjugated anti-CD3×anti-HER2/neu (HER2Bi) and/or anti-CD3×anti-EGFR (EGFRBi). HER2Bi- and/or EGFRBi-armed ATC were examined for in vitro cytotoxicity using MTT and 51Cr-release assays against malignant glioma lines (U87MG, U118MG, and U251MG) and primary glioblastoma lines. Results EGFRBi-armed ATC killed up to 85% of U87, U118, and U251 targets at effector:target ratios (E:T) ranging from 1:1 to 25:1. Engagement of tumor by EGFRBi-armed ATC induced Th1 and Th2 cytokine secretion by armed ATC. HER2Bi-armed ATC exhibited comparable cytotoxicity against U118 and U251, but did not kill HER2-negative U87 cells. HER2Bi- or EGFRBi-armed ATC exhibited 50—80% cytotoxicity against four primary glioblastoma lines as well as a temozolomide (TMZ)-resistant variant of U251. Both CD133– and CD133+ subpopulations were killed by armed ATC. Targeting both HER2Bi and EGFRBi simultaneously showed enhanced efficacy than arming with a single BiAb. Armed ATC maintained effectiveness after irradiation and in the presence of TMZ at a therapeutic concentration and were capable of killing multiple targets. Conclusion High-grade gliomas are suitable for specific targeting by armed ATC. These data, together with additional animal studies, may provide the preclinical support for the use of armed ATC as a valuable addition to current treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Zitron
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
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9
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Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (BiAbs) offer a unique opportunity to redirect immune effector cells to kill cancer cells. BiAbs combine the benefits of different binding specificities of two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) into a single construct. This unique feature of BiAbs enables approaches that are not possible with single mAbs. Advances in antibody engineering and antigen profiling of malignant cells have led to the development of a number of BiAb formats and their combinations for redirecting effector cells to tumor targets. There have been significant advances in the design and application of BiAbs for intravenous and local injection.The initial barrier of cytokine storm has been partially overcome by more recent constructs that have improved clinical effectiveness without dose-limiting toxicities. Since the recent revival of BiAbs, there has been multiple, ongoing, phase I/II and III trials, and some promising clinical outcomes have been reported in completed clinical studies. This review focuses on arming T cells with BiAbs to create the 'poor man's cytotoxic lymphocyte'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence G Lum
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University and Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit, MI, USA
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10
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Lum LG, Al-Kadhimi Z. Development and prospects for bispecific antibody-based therapeutics in cancer and other applications. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2008; 3:1081-97. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.3.9.1081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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11
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Lum LG, Yang W. Method of treating tumor growth and metastasis by using trifunctional antibodies to reduce the risk for graft-versus-host disease in allogeneic antitumor cell therapy. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2007. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.17.4.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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12
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Wygoda Z, Kula D, Bierzyńska-Macyszyn G, Larysz D, Jarzab M, Właszczuk P, Bazowski P, Wojtacha M, Rudnik A, Stepień T, Kaspera W, Etmańska A, Składowski K, Tarnawski R, Kokocińska D, Jarzab B. Use of monoclonal anti-EGFR antibody in the radioimmunotherapy of malignant gliomas in the context of EGFR expression in grade III and IV tumors. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 2006; 25:125-32. [PMID: 16796458 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2006.25.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the putative benefits of simultaneous teleradiotherapy and anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) 125I monoclonal antibody (MAb) 425 radioimmunotherapy, when applied after neurosurgery in high-grade gliomas, over teleradiotherapy alone. In comparison to previous studies which have reported good results with this type of radioimmunotherapy, we advanced the adjuvant radioimmunotherapy step, that is, gave it during, not after, teleradiotherapy. The randomized prospective study examined two groups: simultaneous postoperative teleradiotherapy and radioimmunotherapy (TRT + RIT; eight patients) versus teleradiotherapy alone (TRT; 10 patients). Patients who after primary operation of grade III (6 cases) or IV glioma (12 cases), showed no or less than 2 mL of remnant tumor on post-operative magnetic resonance (MR) study and were not treated postoperatively by chemotherapy were enrolled and randomized. Anti-EGFR 125IMAb 425 RIT was started during week 4 of radiotherapy, not later than 8 weeks after neurosurgery, and was repeated three times at 1-week intervals. Total activity given was 5026 + 739 MBq/patient. The tolerance of TRT was good. No immediate side effects of concomitant anti-EGRF 125I RIT were observed. Observation showed a median total survival (as evaluated from the primary neurosurgical treatment) of 14 months (range 3.5-28 months). There was no improvement in disease-free or total survival in the group of patients treated by TRT + RIT after neurosurgery. In addition, an immunohistochemical analysis of EGFR expression in gliomas was performed in a group of 100 cases and was distinctly positive in 50% grade IV gliomas and 68% grade III gliomas. We conclude that simultaneous radiotherapy and radioimmunotherapy with anti-EGFR 125I-MAb 425 is not beneficial over radiotherapy alone in adjuvant treatment of high-grade gliomas after neurosurgery. We also recommend individual confirmation of EGFR expression in further anti-EGFR radioimmunotherapy trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Wygoda
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Institute and Center of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
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13
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Reusch U, Sundaram M, Davol PA, Olson SD, Davis JB, Demel K, Nissim J, Rathore R, Liu PY, Lum LG. Anti-CD3 x anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) bispecific antibody redirects T-cell cytolytic activity to EGFR-positive cancers in vitro and in an animal model. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12:183-90. [PMID: 16397041 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-1855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpressed by many epithelial-derived cancer cells with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies (mAb) inhibits their growth. A limited number of clinical responses in patients treated with the anti-EGFR mAb, (cetuximab), may reflect variability in EGFR type or signaling in neoplastic cells. This study combines EGFR-targeting with the non-MHC-restricted cytotoxicity of anti-CD3 activated T cells (ATC) to enhance receptor-directed cytotoxicity. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN ATC from normal and patient donors were expanded ex vivo. Specific cytolytic activity of ATC armed with anti-CD3 x anti-EGFR (EGFRBi) against EGFR-expressing cancer cells derived from lung, pancreas, colon, prostate, brain, skin, or EGFR-negative breast cancer cells was evaluated in (51)Cr release assays. In vivo studies comparing tumor growth delay induced by EGFRBi-armed ATCs or cetuximab were done in severe combined immunodeficient/Beige mice (SCID-Beige) bearing COLO 356/FG pancreatic and LS174T colorectal tumors. RESULTS At effector/target ratios from 3.125 to 50, both EGFRBi-armed normal and patient ATC were significantly more cytotoxic, by 23% to 79%, against EGFR-positive cells over ATC, cetuximab, anti-CD3 alone, or ATC armed with irrelevant BiAb directed at CD20. EGFRBi-armed ATC also secreted significantly higher levels of some T(H1)/T(H2) cytokines compared with ATC alone. In mice, i.v. infusions of EGFRBi-armed ATC (0.001 mg equivalent/infusion) were equally effective as cetuximab (1 mg/infusion) alone for significantly delaying growth of established COLO 356/FG but not LS174T tumors compared with mice that received ATC alone or vehicle (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Combining EGFR antibody targeting with T cell-mediated cytotoxicity may overcome some limitations associated with EGFR-targeting when using cetuximab alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Reusch
- Cancer Immunotherapy Program, Adele R. Decof Cancer Center, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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14
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Snyder LC, Astsaturov I, Weiner LM. Overview of monoclonal antibodies and small molecules targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor pathway in colorectal cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2006; 5 Suppl 2:S71-80. [PMID: 16336752 DOI: 10.3816/ccc.2005.s.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) provides survival signals and is overexpressed in the majority of colorectal cancers. As more is learned about the molecular details of EGFR signaling, antibodies can be designed to interfere with specific domains of the EGFR molecule. In this review, we analyze preclinical and current clinical data on EGFR-targeting molecules and their potential role in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Cetuximab binds to domain III of EGFR and hinders ligand binding. It is now approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for metastatic colorectal cancer treatment. Panitumumab is another widely studied anti-EGFR antibody with similar properties. Bispecific antibodies are modified immunoglobulin molecules containing 2 different binding specificities. These antibodies can redirect the immune response against tumor cells by tethering effector cells such as CD3e-expressing T cells or CD16-expressing natural killer cells and granulocytes to the surface of cancer cells. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are quinazoline-derived, low molecular weight synthetic molecules that can block the intracellular tyrosine kinase domain of several receptors, including EGFR, Erb2, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, and thereby inhibit ligand-induced receptor phosphorylation and abrogate the biologic effect of EGFR signaling. The presence of skin rash and EGFR gene amplification have been advanced as possible predictors of clinical effectiveness of targeted anti-EGFR therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine C Snyder
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-2412, USA
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15
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Willems A, Schoonooghe S, Eeckhout D, Jaeger GD, Grooten J, Mertens N. CD3 x CD28 cross-interacting bispecific antibodies improve tumor cell dependent T-cell activation. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2005; 54:1059-71. [PMID: 15891885 PMCID: PMC11032999 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-005-0671-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2004] [Accepted: 01/05/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (Bs-Abs) containing an anti-CD3 and an anti-TAA specificity can recruit T cells to the tumor for cancer immunotherapy. To be effective, efficient activation at the tumor site is a prerequisite. This can be achieved by triggering both the T-cell receptor and the co-stimulatory molecule CD28. We engineered two recombinant cross-interacting Bs-Abs (CriBs-Abs) by incorporating a peptide tag and its cognate single-chain variable fragment (scFv), respectively, into a pair of (tumor x CD3) and (tumor x CD28) binding Bs-Abs. A 30-fold lower concentration of the activating CriBs-Ab as compared to non interacting Bs-Ab was sufficient for strong T-cell activation in the presence of tumor cells. One thousand-fold higher concentrations of both CriBs-Abs were required for marginal T-cell activation (70-fold below maximal response) in the absence of tumor cells. An optimized stoichiometry (1 : 1000) of activating versus co-stimulating CriBs-Ab thus allowed low doses of activating CriBs-Ab to induce tumor-cell dependent T-cell activation when used in combination with high concentrations of the pre-targeted co-stimulating CriBs-Ab in vitro. This indicates a large window of operation in which only tumor cell dependent T-cell activation is induced and systemic tumor cell independent T-cell activation is avoided, while ensuring optimal activation with a low concentration of the activating CriBs-Ab, which has the highest potential to induce toxic effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Willems
- Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology(VIB), Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steve Schoonooghe
- Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology(VIB), Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominique Eeckhout
- Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology(VIB), Department for Plant systems Biology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Geert De Jaeger
- Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology(VIB), Department for Plant systems Biology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Johan Grooten
- Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology(VIB), Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nico Mertens
- Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology(VIB), Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
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16
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17
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Biburger M, Weth R, Wels WS. A Novel Bispecific Tetravalent Antibody Fusion Protein to Target Costimulatory Activity for T-cell Activation to Tumor Cells Overexpressing ErbB2/HER2. J Mol Biol 2005; 346:1299-311. [PMID: 15713482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2004] [Revised: 12/21/2004] [Accepted: 12/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Persistent activation of T-lymphocytes requires two signals: one is initiated by T-cell receptor binding to antigenic peptide presented by MHC molecules. In addition, binding of the B7 family members CD80 or CD86 on professional antigen presenting cells to CD28 on T cells is considered to provide an important costimulatory signal. Activation without costimulation induces T-cell unresponsiveness or anergy. To selectively localize costimulatory activity to the surface of tumor cells and enhance activation of tumor-specific T cells, we have developed a novel molecular design for bispecific costimulatory proteins with antibody-like structure. Within a single polypeptide chain we have assembled the IgV-like, CD28-binding domain of human CD86 (CD86(111)) together with hinge, CH2 and CH3 domains of human IgG1, and the scFv(FRP5) antibody fragment which recognizes the ErbB2 (HER2) protooncogene present at high levels on the surface of many human tumor cells. Upon expression in the yeast Pichia pastoris, the resulting CD86(111)-IgG-scFv(FRP5) protein could be purified as a homodimeric, tetravalent molecule from culture supernatants using single-step affinity chromatography. Bispecific binding of the molecule to ErbB2 on the surface of tumor cells and to the B7 counter receptor CTLA-4 was demonstrated by FACS analysis. Potent costimulatory activity of chimeric CD86(111)-IgG-scFv(FRP5) was confirmed by its ability to stimulate the proliferation of primary human lymphocytes pre-activated by low concentrations of anti-CD3 antibody. Our results suggest that such multivalent soluble proteins which combine specific targeting to tumor cells with costimulatory activity may become useful tools to elicit and/or improve T-cell mediated, tumor-specific immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Biburger
- Chemotherapeutisches Forschungsinstitut Georg-Speyer-Haus, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 42-44, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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18
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Abstract
The development of BiAbs for therapeutic applications in cancer shows promise. As our understanding of effector cell receptor biology for triggering of cytotoxic functions improves and the behavior of TAA and the targeting antibody engagement is elucidated, customized BiAb reagents can be engineered to optimize in vivo or ex vivo arming of T cells for targeting tumors. Additionally, other variables that require consideration in the equation for successful T cell immunotherapy include: the type of effector cells, their state of activation, the type of effector receptor being activated or tareeted. the presence of Tregs, the affinity of the anti-effector cell antibody and the anti-TAA antibody, the type of BiAb (mouse, humanized, or human), the number of binding sites for the T cells or TAA, the presence or absence of decoy antigen, whether the TAA modulates after being engaged by antibody, the type of tumor, the tumor burden, and last, but not least, the amount of 'immunologic' space available for the adoptively transferred cells to expand and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence G Lum
- Immunotherapy Program, Adele R. Deof Cancer Center, Roger Williams Hospital, Providence, RI 02908, USA.
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Pinilla-Arias D, Mateo-Sierra O, Gutiérrez F, Fernández-Carballal C, Carrillo R. Inmunoterapia en astrocitomas de alto grado: principios y estado actual. Neurocirugia (Astur) 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1130-1473(05)70401-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Nathoo N, Goldlust S, Vogelbaum MA. EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS: NOVEL THERAPY FOR THE TREATMENT OF HIGH-GRADE GLIOMAS. Neurosurgery 2004; 54:1480-8; discussion 1488-9. [PMID: 15157306 DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000125006.88478.f6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2003] [Accepted: 02/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Overactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling has been recognized as an important step in the pathogenesis and progression of multiple forms of cancer of epithelial origin. This knowledge has led to a surge of interest in novel anticancer therapies targeting key constituents of the EGFR signal transduction pathway. Several molecular strategies have been developed recently to modulate either EGFR or the downstream signal beyond the cell surface receptor. The important role of aberrant EGFR signaling in the progression of malignant gliomas makes EGFR-targeted therapies of particular interest in this form of cancer. The use of anti-EGFR therapies against malignant brain tumors, although in its infancy, promises to yield exciting results as these new drugs probably will enhance the usefulness of existing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Nathoo
- Center for Translational Therapeutics, Brain Tumor Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA
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21
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Jensen M, Ernestus K, Kemshead J, Klehr M, Von Bergwelt-Baildon MS, Schinköthe T, Schultze JL, Berthold F. The bi-specific CD3 x NCAM antibody: a model to preactivate T cells prior to tumour cell lysis. Clin Exp Immunol 2003; 134:253-63. [PMID: 14616785 PMCID: PMC1808859 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2003.02300.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To target the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM, CD56) on neuroblastoma by T cell-based immunotherapy we have generated a bi-specific CD3 x NCAM antibody (OE-1). This antibody can be used to redirect T cells to NCAM+ cells. Expectedly, the antibody binds specifically to NCAM+ neuroblastoma cells and CD3+ T cells. OE-1 induces T cell activation, expansion and effector function in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. T cell activation was shown to depend on the presence of normal natural killer (NK) cells in the culture. Interestingly, while PBMC- derived T cells were activated by OE-1, NK cells were almost completely depleted, suggesting that T cells activated by OE-1 deleted the NK cells. Activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells differentiate into a larger CCR7+ central memory and a smaller CCR7- effector memory cell population. Most importantly, preactivated T cells were highly cytotoxic for neuroblastoma cells. In eight of 11 experiments tumour-directed cytotoxicity was enhanced when NK cells were present during preactivation with OE-1. These data strongly support a bi-phasic therapeutic concept of primarily stimulating T cells with the bi-specific antibody in the presence of normal NCAM+ cells to induce T cell activation, migratory capacity and finally tumour cell lysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jensen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University of Cologne, Germany.
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22
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE For many years, the central nervous system (CNS) has been described as "immunologically privileged" and devoid of conventional immune reactivity. However, our more current understanding of neuroimmunology supports a different view. Although immune mechanisms within the CNS may behave differently from those located at peripheral anatomic sites, it is now widely accepted that biologically relevant immune responses can and do occur within the brain and that these responses can play important roles in CNS disease. The objective of this present review is to explore key aspects of recent insights into the cellular interactions involved in neuroimmunology, which may suggest more rational approaches to the immunotherapy of neurosurgical disorders. CONCLUSION Modern advances in molecular medicine and basic immunology have yielded a plethora of new data about CNS immunobiology. The design of effective immunotherapeutic strategies for CNS diseases requires a contemporary understanding of the basic tenets of how the immune system works. The current renaissance in this field may give neurosurgeons hope that, in the future, immunotherapy-based paradigms may be able to successfully treat neurosurgical diseases that are currently refractory to traditional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Prins
- Division of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Abstract
As an immunization platform for brain tumors, dendritic cells supply an impressive host of advantages. On the simplest level, they provide the safety and tumor-specificity so wanted by current therapeutic options. Yet, in addition, as the fundamental antigen-presenting cell, they circumvent many of the immunologic challenges that gliomas and the CNS proffer and that other immunotherapeutic modes fail to overcome. Directions to take now include the identification of new tumor-specific and tumor-associated antigens; the determination of the optimal dendritic cell subtype, generation, loading method, maturation state, dose, and route of delivery for immunizations; the further characterization of dendritic cells and their activities; and, potentially, the discovery of ways to pulse dendritic cells efficiently in vivo. Preclinical studies continue to play an important role in refining this form of active immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter E Fecci
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is part of a family of plasma membrane receptor tyrosine kinases that control many important cellular functions, from cell growth and proliferation to cell death. Dysregulation of the EGFR signal transduction pathway has been implicated in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, making it a clinically relevant target for novel anticancer treatments. This paper reviews recent progress in the development of cancer therapies that are directed toward particular aspects of the extracellular and intracellular domains of EGFR. Promising new compounds in the advanced stages of clinical testing are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanu Modi
- Breast Cancer Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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25
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Abstract
Phase II immunotherapy and gene therapy studies should be pursued because of encouraging results in many phase I studies. Future testing in this field may consider modifications of some of the above-mentioned combined strategies. For instance, in the immunization and adoptive transfer studies performed by Holladay et al and by Plautz et al, the systemic adoptive transfer could be altered to intratumoral placements of effector cells. This permutation may be more efficacious because local adoptive immunotherapy approaches involve placement of effector cells where they are needed. Additionally, new avenues of gene therapy are being explored that may offer added beneficial effects for immunization, local or systemic adoptive immunotherapy, or combined chemotherapy and adoptive immunotherapy of tumors. With new genetic tools, such as microarray analyses, SEREX, and creation of cDNA libraries from tumor cells, significant progress in the treatment of neoplasms in the immunologically privileged brain should be forthcoming.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Virasch
- Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Abstract
Recombinant antibodies now represent over 30% of biopharmaceuticals in clinical trials, highlighted by the recent approvals for cancer immunotherapy from the FDA which has awoken the biotechnology industry. Sales of these antibodies are increasing very rapidly to a predicted US$ 3 billion per annum worldwide by 2002. Since the development of new therapeutic reagent into commercial product takes 10 years, the recent FDA-approved antibodies are based on early antibody designs which are now considered primitive. Emerging technologies have created a vast range of novel, recombinant, antibody-based reagents which specifically target clinical biomarkers of disease. In the past year, radiolabelling of antibodies has increased their potential for cancer imaging and targeting. Recombinant antibodies have also been reduced in size and rebuilt into multivalent molecules for higher affinity. In addition, antibodies have been fused with many molecules including toxins, enzymes and viruses for prodrug therapy, cancer treatment and gene delivery. Recombinant antibody technology has enabled clever manipulations in the construction of complex antibody library repertoires for the selection of high-affinity reagents against refractory targets. Although phage display remains the most extensively used method, this year high affinity reagents have been isolated using alternative display and selection systems such as ribosome display and yeast display confirming the emergence of new display methods. Furthermore, innovative affinity maturation strategies have been developed to obtain high affinity reagents. This review focuses on developments in the last 12 months and describes the latest developments in the design, production and clinical use of recombinant antibodies for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Hudson
- CRC for Diagnostics at CSIRO Health Sciences and Nutrition, 343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.
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