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Schäfer S, Tröger J, Kray J. Modern scores for traditional tests - Review of the diagnostic potential of scores derived from word list learning tests in mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer's Disease. Neuropsychologia 2024; 201:108908. [PMID: 38744410 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Episodic memory impairment is one of the early hallmarks in Alzheimer's Disease. In the clinical diagnosis and research, episodic memory impairment is typically assessed using word lists that are repeatedly presented to and recalled by the participant across several trials. Until recently, total learning scores, which consist of the total number of words that are recalled by participants, were almost exclusively used for diagnostic purposes. The present review aims at summarizing evidence on additional scores derived from the learning trials which have recently been investigated more frequently regarding their diagnostic potential. These scores reflect item acquisition, error frequencies, strategy use, intertrial fluctuations, and recall consistency. Evidence was summarized regarding the effects of clinical status on these scores. Preclinical, mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer's Disease stages were associated with a pattern of reduced item acquisition, more errors, less strategy use, and reduced access of items, indicating slowed and erroneous encoding. Practical implications and limitations of the present research will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jutta Kray
- Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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2
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Simani L, Roozbeh M, Shojaei M, Ramezani M, Roozbeh M, Gharehgozli K, Rostami M. The effectiveness of anodal tDCS and cognitive training on cognitive functions in multiple sclerosis; a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 68:104392. [PMID: 36544322 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.104392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Forty to 70% of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) suffer from cognitive impairment during their illness. Only a few studies have examined the effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) along with cognitive training on cognitive performance in MS patients. This study aims to determine whether multi-session a-tDCS with or without cognitive training impacts cognitive performance in MS. METHODS Eighty MS patients received a-tDCS, cognitive training, a-tDCS plus cognitive training, and sham for ten consecutive daily sessions. Cognitive function (including episodic memory, attention, and inhibitory control, working memory, and visuospatial skill) was measured at baseline, week 4, and week 12 after the intervention. RESULTS All cognitive functions significantly improved after the intervention compared to the sham condition. This effect also showed persistence during follow-up for some cognitive tasks in the a-tDCS and a-tDCS combined cognitive training groups. Although the cognitive training group experienced an immediate improvement in attention and inhibitory control, the difference was not significant at follow-up. Also, there were no significant differences between these three groups in cognitive scores after the intervention. CONCLUSION a-tDCS alone and a-tDCS paired with or without cognitive training as compared to sham appears to be a promising therapeutic option for cognitive performance in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Simani
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Mahrooz Roozbeh
- Institute for Cognitive & Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maziyar Shojaei
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahtab Ramezani
- Brain Mapping Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Roozbeh
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kurosh Gharehgozli
- Brain Mapping Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rostami
- Cognitive Sciences Lab, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Fukatsu T, Kanemoto K. Phantom boarder symptom in elderly Japanese. Psychogeriatrics 2022; 22:108-112. [PMID: 34750931 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phantom boarder symptom (PBS) is classified as a delusional misidentification syndrome, and is often encountered in elderly individuals who have mild or major neurocognitive disorders. With the ageing of society, patients presenting with PBS are increasing in Japan. This retrospective study was conducted to examine the aetiology and identify significant predictors of PBS. METHODS The records of 511 consecutive patients who visited our hospital with suspicion of dementia between September 2013 and September 2019 were retrospectively examined. From those, 16 patients who presented with PBS (1 male, 15 females; mean age 79.9 ± 4 years) were selected and case features were investigated in detail. Clinical symptoms, background factors, and final diagnoses were noted. PBS was most common in patients affected by dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Predictive factors were evaluated using multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The final diagnosis of the 16 subjects was DLB in 7, Alzheimer's disease in 3, delusional disorder in 3, unspecified dementia in 2, and vascular dementia in 1. Analysis limited to DLB cases showed that a low Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score and living alone were related to higher risk for PBS. CONCLUSION Various types of dementia, especially DLB, as well as cognitive impairment and living alone were found to be strong predictors of PBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahide Fukatsu
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Aichi Medical University, Nagagakute-shi, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kanemoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Aichi Medical University, Nagagakute-shi, Japan
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4
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Sisakhti M, Sachdev PS, Batouli SAH. The Effect of Cognitive Load on the Retrieval of Long-Term Memory: An fMRI Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:700146. [PMID: 34720904 PMCID: PMC8548369 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.700146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the less well-understood aspects of memory function is the mechanism by which the brain responds to an increasing load of memory, either during encoding or retrieval. Identifying the brain structures which manage this increasing cognitive demand would enhance our knowledge of human memory. Despite numerous studies about the effect of cognitive loads on working memory processes, whether these can be applied to long-term memory processes is unclear. We asked 32 healthy young volunteers to memorize all possible details of 24 images over a 12-day period ending 2 days before the fMRI scan. The images were of 12 categories relevant to daily events, with each category including a high and a low load image. Behavioral assessments on a separate group of participants (#22) provided the average loads of the images. The participants had to retrieve these previously memorized images during the fMRI scan in 15 s, with their eyes closed. We observed seven brain structures showing the highest activation with increasing load of the retrieved images, viz. parahippocampus, cerebellum, superior lateral occipital, fusiform and lingual gyri, precuneus, and posterior cingulate gyrus. Some structures showed reduced activation when retrieving higher load images, such as the anterior cingulate, insula, and supramarginal and postcentral gyri. The findings of this study revealed that the mechanism by which a difficult-to-retrieve memory is handled is mainly by elevating the activation of the responsible brain areas and not by getting other brain regions involved, which is a help to better understand the LTM retrieval process in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoo Sisakhti
- Institute for Cognitive Sciences Studies, Tehran, Iran.,Neuroimaging and Analysis Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Aging (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Seyed Amir Hossein Batouli
- Neuroimaging and Analysis Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Spatial Navigation and Visuospatial Strategies in Typical and Atypical Aging. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11111421. [PMID: 34827423 PMCID: PMC8615446 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11111421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related spatial navigation decline is more pronounced in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia. We used a realistic-looking virtual navigation test suite to analyze different aspects of visuospatial processing in typical and atypical aging. A total of 219 older adults were recruited from the Czech Brain Aging Study cohort. Cognitively normal older adults (CN; n = 78), patients with amnestic MCI (n = 75), and those with mild AD dementia (n = 66) underwent three navigational tasks, cognitive assessment, and brain MRI. Route learning and wayfinding/perspective-taking tasks distinguished the groups as performance and learning declined and specific visuospatial strategies were less utilized with increasing cognitive impairment. Increased perspective shift and utilization of non-specific strategies were associated with worse task performance across the groups. Primacy and recency effects were observed across the groups in the route learning and the wayfinding/perspective-taking task, respectively. In addition, a primacy effect was present in the wayfinding/perspective-taking task in the CN older adults. More effective spatial navigation was associated with better memory and executive functions. The results demonstrate that a realistic and ecologically valid spatial navigation test suite can reveal different aspects of visuospatial processing in typical and atypical aging.
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6
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Kwag E, Stuckenschneider T, Schneider S, Abeln V. The effect of a psychomotor intervention on electroencephalography and neuropsychological performances in older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment. Psychogeriatrics 2021; 21:528-539. [PMID: 33960574 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this pilot study was to examine the acute effect of a psychomotor intervention (PMI) on auditory-verbal memory, emotional state, and electrocortical activity recorded by electroencephalography on subjectively healthy older adults (sHE) and older adults diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCIs). METHODS Eleven MCIs and 11 sHE underwent a single 45-min PMI. Resting state electroencephalography, the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test, MoodMeter®, and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule were compared between groups and pre- and post-PMI. RESULTS Electroencephalography current source density and activity within the theta frequency band were higher in MCIs than in sHE at baseline, and brain frequency had a tendency to decrease in MCIs after training. Both groups showed improvement on the auditory-verbal memory test. Only among MCIs were there increases in perceived physical state and psychological strain and an improvement in negative affect. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that acute psychomotor activity may be more effective for MCIs than for sHE. It supports the notion that PMI does have functional influences on the central nervous level and therefore might prevent and treat cognitive, psychological, and psychiatric symptoms of people with mild cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Kwag
- Institute of Movement and Sport Gerontology, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tim Stuckenschneider
- Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Schneider
- Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Vera Abeln
- Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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7
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Batouli SAH, Sisakhti M, Haghshenas S, Dehghani H, Sachdev P, Ekhtiari H, Kochan N, Wen W, Leemans A, Kohanpour M, Oghabian MA. Iranian Brain Imaging Database: A Neuropsychiatric Database of Healthy Brain. Basic Clin Neurosci 2021; 12:115-132. [PMID: 33995934 PMCID: PMC8114860 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.12.1.1774.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Iranian Brain Imaging Database (IBID) was initiated in 2017, with 5 major goals: provide researchers easy access to a neuroimaging database, provide normative quantitative measures of the brain for clinical research purposes, study the aging profile of the brain, examine the association of brain structure and function, and join the ENIGMA consortium. Many prestigious databases with similar goals are available. However, they were not done on an Iranian population, and the battery of their tests (e.g. cognitive tests) is selected based on their specific questions and needs. METHODS The IBID will include 300 participants (50% female) in the age range of 20 to 70 years old, with an equal number of participants (#60) in each age decade. It comprises a battery of cognitive, lifestyle, medical, and mental health tests, in addition to several Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) protocols. Each participant completes the assessments on two referral days. RESULTS The study currently has a cross-sectional design, but longitudinal assessments are considered for the future phases of the study. Here, details of the methodology and the initial results of assessing the first 152 participants of the study are provided. CONCLUSION IBID is established to enable research into human brain function, to aid clinicians in disease diagnosis research, and also to unite the Iranian researchers with interests in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Amir Hossein Batouli
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Departmen of Neuroimaging and Analysis, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Minoo Sisakhti
- Departmen of Neuroimaging and Analysis, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Institute for Cognitive Sciences Studies, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Haghshenas
- Departmen of Neuroimaging and Analysis, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Dehghani
- Departmen of Neuroimaging and Analysis, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Perminder Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Nicole Kochan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alexander Leemans
- Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mohsen Kohanpour
- Departmen of Neuroimaging and Analysis, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Oghabian
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Thompson HJ, Rivara F, Becker KJ, Maier R, Temkin N. Impact of aging on the immune response to traumatic brain injury (AIm:TBI) study protocol. Inj Prev 2020; 26:471-477. [PMID: 31481600 PMCID: PMC8026101 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in older adults leads to considerable morbidity and mortality. Outcomes among older adults with TBI are disparately worse than in younger adults. Differences in immunological response to injury may account for at least some of this disparity. Understanding how ageing differentially affects the immune response to TBI and how older age and these immunological changes affect the natural history of recovery following TBI are the goals of this study. DESIGN/METHODS A prospective multiple cohort design is being used to assess the effects of ageing and TBI on immune makers and to test predictors of impairment and disability in older adults following mild TBI. Older adults (>55 years) with mild TBI are enrolled with three comparison groups: younger adults (21-54 years) with mild TBI, non-injured older adults (>55 years) and non-injured young adults (21-54 years). For the primary analysis, we will assess the association between immune markers and Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended at 6 months, using logistic regression. Predictors of interest will be inflammatory biomarkers. Multivariate linear regression will be used to evaluate associations between biomarkers and other outcomes (symptoms, function and quality of life) at 3 and 6 months. Exploratory analyses will investigate the utility of biomarkers to predict outcome using receiver-operating characteristic curves. DISCUSSION A better understanding of the recovery trajectory and biological rationale for disparate outcomes following TBI in older adults could allow for development of specific interventions aimed at reducing or eliminating symptoms. Such interventions could reduce impairment and healthcare costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilaire J Thompson
- Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Frederick Rivara
- Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kyra J Becker
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ronald Maier
- Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nancy Temkin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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9
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Cremona S, Jobard G, Zago L, Mellet E. Word Meaning Contributes to Free Recall Performance in Supraspan Verbal List-Learning Tests. Front Psychol 2020; 11:2043. [PMID: 32922343 PMCID: PMC7457129 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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10
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Blood pressure and cognitive performances in middle-aged adults: the Aging, Health and Work longitudinal study. J Hypertens 2020; 37:1244-1253. [PMID: 30624363 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our objective was to investigate the impact of both prevalent and incident hypertension on cognition in middle-aged individuals followed up for 10 years and to explore the extent to which blood pressure control by antihypertensive drugs could modify this relationship. METHOD Three thousand, two hundred and one participants from the Vieillissement Santé Travail (Aging, Health and Work) (VISAT) cohort study, aged 32, 42, 52 and 62 years at baseline were followed up 5 and 10 years later. Blood pressure, antihypertensive medication use as well as memory and speed cognitive performances were assessed at baseline and follow-up. Linear mixed models were used for analyses. RESULTS At 10-year follow-up, compared with nonhypertensive participants, prevalent hypertensive individuals showed poorer global cognitive performances (β = -2.99 ± 0.96, P = 0.002 for participants aged 32 or 42 years at baseline and β = -5.94 ± 1.00, P < 0.001 for those aged 52 or 62). Patients with incident hypertension had poorer global cognitive performances over time compared with patients without hypertension. When considering prevalent hypertension and blood pressure control status by antihypertensive therapy, untreated and uncontrolled hypertension were associated with poorer cognitive performances than controlled and no hypertension (untreated hypertension compared with no hypertension: β = -5.51 ± 0.75, P < 0.001; uncontrolled hypertension compared with no hypertension: β = -6.13 ± 1.40, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our findings showed that both prevalent and incident hypertension are associated with poorer global cognitive function in middle-aged individuals and suggested a potential preventive effect of antihypertensive therapy on cognition. Thus, for brain functioning, heightened efforts to detect hypertension and adequately treat it are of critical importance.
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11
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Effects of white noise on word recall performance and brain activity in healthy adolescents with normal and low auditory working memory. Exp Brain Res 2020; 238:945-956. [PMID: 32179941 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05765-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the impact of white noise on word recall performance and brain activity in 40 healthy adolescents, split in two groups (normal and low) depending on their auditory working memory capacity (AWMC). Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, participants performed a backward recall task under four different signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions: 15, 10, 5, and 0-dB SNR. Behaviorally, normal AWMC individuals scored significantly higher than low AWMC individuals across noise levels. Whole-brain analyses showed brain activation not to be statistically different between groups across noise levels. In the normal group, a significant positive relationship was found between performance and number of activated voxels in the right superior frontal gyrus. In the low group, significant positive correlations were found between performance and number of activated voxels in left superior frontal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, and left anterior cingulate cortex. These findings suggest that the strategic structure involved in the enhancement of AWM performance may differ in normal and low AWMC individuals.
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12
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Lavoie M, Bherer L, Joubert S, Gagnon JF, Blanchet S, Rouleau I, Macoir J, Hudon C. Normative data for the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test in the older French-Quebec population. Clin Neuropsychol 2018; 32:15-28. [DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2018.1429670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Lavoie
- Département de réadaptation, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche CERVO, Québec, Canada
| | - Louis Bherer
- Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Centre de recherche, Institut de cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Sven Joubert
- Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Sophie Blanchet
- Laboratoire Mémoire & Cognition (LMC), INSERM UMR S894, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (CPN), Institut de Psychologie, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne (Paris Cité), Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Rouleau
- Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Joël Macoir
- Département de réadaptation, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche CERVO, Québec, Canada
| | - Carol Hudon
- Centre de recherche CERVO, Québec, Canada
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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13
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Bangen KJ, Clark AL, Edmonds EC, Evangelista ND, Werhane ML, Thomas KR, Locano LE, Tran M, Zlatar ZZ, Nation DA, Bondi MW, Delano-Wood L. Cerebral Blood Flow and Amyloid-β Interact to Affect Memory Performance in Cognitively Normal Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2017. [PMID: 28642699 PMCID: PMC5463038 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) alterations and amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation have been independently linked to cognitive deficits in older adults at risk for dementia. Less is known about how CBF and Aβ may interact to affect cognition in cognitively normal older adults. Therefore, we examined potential statistical interactions between CBF and Aβ status in regions typically affected in Alzheimer's disease (AD) within a sample of older adults from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) study. Sixty-two cognitively normal participants (mean age = 72 years) underwent neuroimaging and memory testing. Arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging was used to quantify CBF and florbetapir PET amyloid imaging was used to measure Aβ deposition. Aβ status (i.e., positivity versus negativity) was determined based on established cutoffs (Landau et al., 2013). The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test was used to assess memory. Linear regression models adjusted for age, education, and sex, demonstrated significant interactions between CBF and Aβ status on memory performance. Among Aβ positive older adults, there were significant negative associations between higher CBF in hippocampus, posterior cingulate, and precuneus and poorer memory performance. In contrast, among Aβ negative older adults, there were no significant associations between CBF and cognition. Our findings extend previous CBF studies of dementia risk by reporting interactions between Aβ status and CBF on memory performance in a sample of well-characterized, cognitively normal older adults. Results suggest that differential CBF-cognition associations can be identified in healthy, asymptomatic Aβ positive older adults relative to Aβ negative individuals. Associations between higherCBF and poorer memory among Aβ positive older adults may reflect a cellular and/or vascular compensatory response to pathologic processes whereby higher CBF is needed to maintain normal memory abilities. Findings indicate that CBF and its associations with cognition may have utility as a reliable marker of brain function early in the AD process when interventions are likely to be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Bangen
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San DiegoCA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La JollaCA, United States
| | - Alexandra L Clark
- San Diego State University, University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San DiegoCA, United States
| | - Emily C Edmonds
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San DiegoCA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La JollaCA, United States
| | | | - Madeleine L Werhane
- San Diego State University, University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San DiegoCA, United States
| | - Kelsey R Thomas
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San DiegoCA, United States.,Psychology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San DiegoCA, United States
| | - Lyzette E Locano
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San DiegoCA, United States
| | - My Tran
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San DiegoCA, United States
| | - Zvinka Z Zlatar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La JollaCA, United States
| | - Daniel A Nation
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los AngelesCA, United States
| | - Mark W Bondi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La JollaCA, United States.,Psychology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San DiegoCA, United States
| | - Lisa Delano-Wood
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San DiegoCA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La JollaCA, United States
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14
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3T hippocampal glutamate-glutamine complex reflects verbal memory decline in aging. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 54:103-111. [PMID: 28363111 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus is a critical site for alterations that are responsible for age-related changes in memory. Here, we present a relatively novel approach of examining the relationship between memory performance and glutamate-glutamine levels using short echo time magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Specifically, we investigated the relationship between Glx (a composite of glutamate and glutamine) levels in the hippocampus, performance on a word-recall task, and resting-state functional connectivity. While there was no overall difference in Glx intensity between young and aging adults, we identified a positive correlation between delayed word-list recall and Glx, bilaterally in older adults, but not in young adults. Collapsed across age, we also discovered a negative relationship between Glx intensity and resting-state functional connectivity between the anterior hippocampus and regions in the subcallosal gyrus. These findings demonstrate the possible utility of Glx in identifying age-related changes in the brain and behavior and provide encouragement that magnetic resonance spectroscopy can be useful in predicting age-related decline before any physical abnormalities are present.
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Nielsen H, Lolk A, Kragh-Sørensen P. Normative data for eight neuropsychological tests, gathered from a random sample of Danes aged 64 to 83 years. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00291463.1995.11863861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Nielsen
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Annette Lolk
- Department of Psychiatry, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
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Steinmetz AB, Johnson SA, Iannitelli DE, Pollonini G, Alberini CM. Insulin-like growth factor 2 rescues aging-related memory loss in rats. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 44:9-21. [PMID: 27318130 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by declines in memory performance, and particularly affects memories that rely on hippocampal-cortical systems, such as episodic and explicit. With aged populations significantly increasing, the need for preventing or rescuing memory deficits is pressing. However, effective treatments are lacking. Here, we show that the level of the mature form of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2), a peptide regulated in the hippocampus by learning, required for memory consolidation and a promoter of memory enhancement in young adult rodents, is significantly reduced in hippocampal synapses of aged rats. By contrast, the hippocampal level of the immature form proIGF-2 is increased, suggesting an aging-related deficit in IGF-2 processing. In agreement, aged compared to young adult rats are deficient in the activity of proprotein convertase 2, an enzyme that likely mediates IGF-2 posttranslational processing. Hippocampal administration of the recombinant, mature form of IGF-2 rescues hippocampal-dependent memory deficits and working memory impairment in aged rats. Thus, IGF-2 may represent a novel therapeutic avenue for preventing or reversing aging-related cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam B Steinmetz
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah A Johnson
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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Martelle SE, Raffield LM, Palmer ND, Cox AJ, Freedman BI, Hugenschmidt CE, Williamson JD, Bowden DW. Dopamine pathway gene variants may modulate cognitive performance in the DHS - Mind Study. Brain Behav 2016; 6:e00446. [PMID: 27066308 PMCID: PMC4797918 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an established association between type 2 diabetes and accelerated cognitive decline. The exact mechanism linking type 2 diabetes and reduced cognitive function is less clear. The monoamine system, which is extensively involved in cognition, can be altered by type 2 diabetes status. Thus, this study hypothesized that sequence variants in genes linked to dopamine metabolism and associated pathways are associated with cognitive function as assessed by the Digit Symbol Substitution Task, the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination, the Stroop Task, the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Task, and the Controlled Oral Word Association Task for Phonemic and Semantic Fluency in the Diabetes Heart Study, a type 2 diabetes-enriched familial cohort (n = 893). METHODS To determine the effects of candidate variants on cognitive performance, genetic association analyses were performed on the well-documented variable number tandem repeat located in the 3' untranslated region of the dopamine transporter, as well as on single-nucleotide polymorphisms covering genes in the dopaminergic pathway, the insulin signaling pathway, and the convergence of both. Next, polymorphisms in loci of interest with strong evidence for involvement in dopamine processing were extracted from genetic datasets available in a subset of the cohort (n = 572) derived from Affymetrix(®) Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 5.0 and 1000 Genomes imputation from this array. RESULTS The candidate gene analysis revealed one variant from the DOPA decarboxylase gene, rs10499695, to be associated with poorer performance on a subset of Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Task measuring retroactive interference (P = 0.001, β = -0.45). Secondary analysis of genome-wide and imputed data uncovered another DOPA decarboxylase variant, rs62445903, also associated with retroactive interference (P = 7.21 × 10(-7), β = 0.3). These data suggest a role for dopaminergic genes, specifically a gene involved in regulation of dopamine synthesis, in cognitive performance in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Martelle
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston - Salem North Carolina; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston - Salem North Carolina
| | - Laura M Raffield
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston - Salem North Carolina
| | - Nichole D Palmer
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston - Salem North Carolina
| | - Amanda J Cox
- Molecular Basis of Disease Griffith University Southport Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Barry I Freedman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston - Salem North Carolina
| | - Christina E Hugenschmidt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston - Salem North Carolina
| | - Jeff D Williamson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston - Salem North Carolina
| | - Don W Bowden
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston - Salem North Carolina
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cognitive impairment is common in Parkinson's disease (PD). Three neurocognitive networks support efficient cognition: the salience network, the default mode network, and the central executive network. The salience network is thought to switch between activating and deactivating the default mode and central executive networks. Anti-correlated interactions between the salience and default mode networks in particular are necessary for efficient cognition. Our previous work demonstrated altered functional coupling between the neurocognitive networks in non-demented individuals with PD compared to age-matched control participants. Here, we aim to identify associations between cognition and functional coupling between these neurocognitive networks in the same group of participants. METHODS We investigated the extent to which intrinsic functional coupling among these neurocognitive networks is related to cognitive performance across three neuropsychological domains: executive functioning, psychomotor speed, and verbal memory. Twenty-four non-demented individuals with mild to moderate PD and 20 control participants were scanned at rest and evaluated on three neuropsychological domains. RESULTS PD participants were impaired on tests from all three domains compared to control participants. Our imaging results demonstrated that successful cognition across healthy aging and Parkinson's disease participants was related to anti-correlated coupling between the salience and default mode networks. Individuals with poorer performance scores across groups demonstrated more positive salience network/default-mode network coupling. CONCLUSIONS Successful cognition relies on healthy coupling between the salience and default mode networks, which may become dysfunctional in PD. These results can help inform non-pharmacological interventions (repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation) targeting these specific networks before they become vulnerable in early stages of Parkinson's disease.
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Messinis L, Nasios G, Mougias A, Politis A, Zampakis P, Tsiamaki E, Malefaki S, Gourzis P, Papathanasopoulos P. Age and education adjusted normative data and discriminative validity for Rey’s Auditory Verbal Learning Test in the elderly Greek population. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2015; 38:23-39. [DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2015.1085496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Blachstein H, Vakil E. Verbal learning across the lifespan: an analysis of the components of the learning curve. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2015; 23:133-53. [PMID: 26186666 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2015.1063579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies on the acquisition process of verbal material, conducted separately on child and adult populations, reveal that the lifespan is characterized by an inverted-U performance curve with similar achievements at its two poles. To clarify the acquisition mechanism across the entire lifespan, the learning curve for the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test was reproduced for participants aged 8-91. The study utilized typical trial summary scores and a more refined analysis of trial-by-trial single-word recalls, including omissions (missed words that were previously recalled), additions (recalled words previously missed), and touched words (a count for the first recall time only, for each word during the five learning trial). A clear age effect was shown for the number of words recalled - symmetrically increases during childhood and decreases in adulthood. Similarly, increased turnover of words omitted and added characterized both incremental and decremental age differences. Measurement patterns differed for the age segments on the two sides of the lifespan, despite the similar total number of words recalled by the two sides. Acquisition pattern in children was characterized by a higher number of touched words and higher turnover than for adult groups. In contrast, older adults achieved fewer touched words and lower turnover than the child groups. This study shows that it is possible to reach the same quantitative results via different cognitive processes. The results are interpreted in terms of specific mechanisms of maturational characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haya Blachstein
- a Department of Psychology and Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center , Bar-Ilan University , Ramat-Gan , Israel
| | - Eli Vakil
- a Department of Psychology and Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center , Bar-Ilan University , Ramat-Gan , Israel
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Cherrier MM, Anderson K, Shofer J, Millard S, Matsumoto AM. Testosterone treatment of men with mild cognitive impairment and low testosterone levels. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2015; 30:421-30. [PMID: 25392187 PMCID: PMC10852633 DOI: 10.1177/1533317514556874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study investigated the effects of testosterone (T) treatment on cognition, mood, and quality of life in men with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and low serum T levels. METHODS A total of 351 community-dwelling men were screened, and 37 men evidenced both MCI and low T of whom 27 agreed for further screening. Twenty-two met all the study inclusion/exclusion criteria and enrolled in a 6-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. RESULTS Total T levels significantly increased in the T treatment group. No significant changes were observed in measures of cognition, mood, or quality of life other than improvement in 1 objective measure of verbal memory (P < .05) and decreased depression symptoms (P < .02) in the treatment group. CONCLUSIONS Testosterone treatment may modestly improve verbal memory and depression symptoms in men with both MCI and low T.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Cherrier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - K Anderson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J Shofer
- Geriatric, Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S Millard
- Geriatric, Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A M Matsumoto
- Geriatric, Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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Cavaco S, Gonçalves A, Pinto C, Almeida E, Gomes F, Moreira I, Fernandes J, Teixeira-Pinto A. Auditory Verbal Learning Test in a Large Nonclinical Portuguese Population. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2015; 22:321-31. [PMID: 25580839 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2014.927767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to produce adjusted normative data for the Portuguese version of the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT). The study included 1,068 community-dwelling individuals (736 women, 332 men) aged 18 to 93 years old (Mage = 56 years, SD = 18) who had educational backgrounds ranging from 0 to 24 years (M = 9.8 years, SD = 5.3). The results showed that sex, age, and education were significantly associated with AVLT performance. These demographic characteristics accounted for 24% to 35% of the variance of direct recall trials and for 8% to 39% of the variance of derived recall scores. The normative data for direct and derived recall scores are presented as regression-based algorithms to adjust for sex, age, and education with subsequent correspondence between adjusted scores and percentile distribution. The norms for the recognition correct score are presented as algorithms to estimate the recognition scores for 5th, 10th, and 18th percentiles for each combination of the variables sex, age, and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cavaco
- a Neurology , Centro Hospitalar do Porto/UMIB/ICBAS, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
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Mansour A, Lajiness-O’Neill R. Call for an Integrative and Multi-Disciplinary Approach to Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/psych.2015.64033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Normative data for a Spanish version of the Rey auditory-verbal learning test in older people. SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 16:E60. [PMID: 24230923 DOI: 10.1017/sjp.2013.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test is an easy to administer test that assesses many memory domains and is, therefore, widely used in the area of clinical neuropsychology. The purpose of this study was to provide normative data for an elderly population living in Spain. The sample of this study was comprised of 156 volunteers over 60 years of age, which were grouped into six different age groups. These groups comprised of 10 participants between the ages of 61 and 65 in the first group, 23 participants (66-70) in the second, 28 participants (71-75) in the third, 35 participants (76-80) in the fourth, 32 participants (81-85)in the fifth and 28 participants (86-95) in the sixth group. Demographic data were collected and means, deviations, and ranges of all the measures were evaluated. Normative data were calculated from the percentiles, and then converted into age-corrected scaled scores with a mean of 10 and a standard deviation of 3.
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Williams BR, Sullivan SK, Morra LF, Williams JR, Donovick PJ. The Similar Effects of Verbal and Non-Verbal Intervening Tasks on Word Recall in an Elderly Population. Clin Neuropsychol 2014; 28:505-13. [DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2014.897758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Sud S, Sadaka Y, Massicotte C, Smith ML, Bradbury L, Go C, Weiss SK. Memory consolidation in children with epilepsy: does sleep matter? Epilepsy Behav 2014; 31:176-80. [PMID: 24434309 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Children with epilepsy have frequent sleep disturbance and challenges in learning and memory. There is little research on the consolidation of memory during sleep in this population. The goal of this pilot study was to determine whether children with epilepsy are able to consolidate memories better after a sleep versus wake period as has been demonstrated in typically developing children. METHODS This study was a prospective evaluation of children with epilepsy to determine if sleep improved episodic memory (using word lists) as compared with memory following a wake period of similar duration. The study was conducted in patients in the Epilepsy Monitoring Unit at a single academic health science center. In the sleep recall condition, the learning trials were presented in the evening, and delayed recall of the words was tested in the morning. In the wake condition, the learning took place in the morning, and the delayed recall took place later in the day. Subjects wore an actigraph to evaluate sleep/wake patterns. Data regarding the children's epilepsy, antiepileptic medications, and frequency of interictal epileptiform discharges were also documented. RESULTS Ten children (agd 8-17years) participated in the study. For the entire sample, recall after sleep was better than recall after awake (p=0.03), and 7 of the 10 children showed this effect. However, reanalyses removing an outlier showed no difference between the two recall conditions. The mean number of interictal epileptiform discharges was 8.8 during the recall after sleep and 7.8 during the recall after awake. Three children had seizures during the evaluation. CONCLUSION In this pilot study, we demonstrated that a small cohort of children with epilepsy, with similar interictal epileptiform discharges during sleep and wake, showed no advantage in memory for a word list after a period of sleep than after a period of being awake. This finding requires further study in a larger cohort. Poor memory consolidation during sleep may contribute to the cognitive deficits in children with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shama Sud
- Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave., Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada.
| | - Yair Sadaka
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Ben Gurion University, Soroka Medical Center of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84101 Israel.
| | - Colin Massicotte
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave., Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada.
| | - Mary Lou Smith
- Dept. of Psychology, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave., Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada.
| | - Laura Bradbury
- Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave., Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada.
| | - Cristina Go
- Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave., Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada.
| | - Shelly K Weiss
- Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave., Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada.
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Almond NM, Morrison CM. Episodic intertrial learning of younger and older participants: effects of age of acquisition. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2013; 21:606-32. [PMID: 24147452 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2013.849653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
There is clear evidence of a deficit in episodic memory for older adults compared to younger adults. Using an intertrial technique previous research has investigated whether this deficit can be attributed to a decline in encoding or consolidation. On standard memory tests, these two aspects of memory function can be measured by examining the items forgotten or acquired across multiple learning trials. The present study assessed whether age deficits in episodic memory were affected by stimulus characteristics, specifically age of acquisition (AoA). A standard intertrial design was implemented whereby participants studied word lists over several study-test trials. The stimulus characteristics of AoA were manipulated using a pure-list technique. Our findings showed that older adults demonstrate an overall recall deficit which appeared to be a consequence of both an encoding deficit and consolidation weakness. Earlier-acquired words were recalled significantly better than later-acquired words and this was apparently due to both enhanced encoding and consolidation of earlier- over later-acquired words. The key finding is that older adults show a recall advantage for earlier- compared to later-acquired words over the entire experiment to a greater degree than younger adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Almond
- a Institute of Psychological Sciences , University of Leeds , Leeds , UK
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Gross AL, Rebok GW, Brandt J, Tommet D, Marsiske M, Jones RN. Modeling learning and memory using verbal learning tests: results from ACTIVE. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2013; 68:153-67. [PMID: 22929389 PMCID: PMC3693605 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbs053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of memory training on initial recall and learning. METHOD The Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly study of community-dwelling adults older than age 65 (n = 1,401). We decomposed trial-level recall in the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT) into initial recall and learning across trials using latent growth models. RESULTS Trial-level increases in words recalled in the AVLT and HVLT at each follow-up visit followed an approximately logarithmic shape. Over the 5-year study period, memory training was associated with slower decline in Trial 1 AVLT recall (Cohen's d = 0.35, p = .03) and steep pre- and posttraining acceleration in learning (d = 1.56, p < .001). Findings were replicated using the HVLT (decline in initial recall, d = 0.60, p = .01; pre- and posttraining acceleration in learning, d = 3.10, p < .001). Because of the immediate training boost, the memory-trained group had a higher level of recall than the control group through the end of the 5-year study period despite faster decline in learning. DISCUSSION This study contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms by which training benefits memory and expands current knowledge by reporting long-term changes in initial recall and learning, as measured from growth models and by characterization of the impact of memory training on these components. Results reveal that memory training delays the worsening of memory span and boosts learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alden L Gross
- Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts 02131, USA.
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Cunha C, Guerreiro M, de Mendonça A, Oliveira PE, Santana I. Serial position effects in Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, and normal aging: predictive value for conversion to dementia. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2012; 34:841-52. [PMID: 22731492 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2012.689814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Serial position effects in word list learning have been used to differentiate normal aging and dementia. Prominent recency and diminished primacy have consistently been observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We examined serial position effects in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), in patients with AD, and in normal healthy controls. Additionally, we classified MCI patients into those who progressed to AD (MCI-p) and those who did not (MCI-np). We compared two serial position measures: regional and standard scores. Regional scores, mainly the primacy effect, improved discrimination between MCI and controls and between MCI-np and MCI-p, proving to be more sensitive and specific than the recency effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Cunha
- Department of Neurology, Neuropsychology Laboratory, Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Salgado JV, Malloy-Diniz LF, Abrantes SSC, Moreira L, Schlottfeldt CG, Guimarães W, Freitas DMU, Oliveira J, Fuentes D. Applicability of the Rey auditory-verbal learning test to an adult sample in Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 33:234-7. [PMID: 21971775 DOI: 10.1590/s1516-44462011005000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test, which is used to evaluate learning and memory, is a widely recognized tool in the general literature on neuropsychology. This paper aims at presenting the performance of Brazilian adult subjects on the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test, and was written after we published a previous study on the performance of Brazilian elderly subjects on this same test. METHOD A version of the test, featuring a list of high-frequency one-syllable and two-syllable concrete Portuguese substantives, was developed. Two hundred and forty-three (243) subjects from both genders were allocated to 6 different age groups (20-24; 25-29; 30-34; 35-44; 45-54 and 55-60 years old). They were then tested using the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test. RESULTS Performance on the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test showed a positive correlation with educational level and a negative correlation with age. Women performed significantly better than men. When applied across similar age ranges, our results were similar to those recorded for the English version of the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the adaptation of the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test to Brazilian Portuguese is appropriate and that it is applicable to Brazilian subjects for memory capacity evaluation purposes and across similar age groups and educational levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Vinícius Salgado
- Department of Morphology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Almond NM, Morrison CM, Moulin CJA. Episodic intertrial learning of younger and older adults: effects of word frequency. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2012; 20:174-94. [PMID: 22574638 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2012.679914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Older adults have a demonstrable episodic memory deficit. The present study aimed to investigate whether the age deficit in episodic memory was influenced by stimulus characteristics known to produce differences in memory performance in younger adults, specifically word frequency. An intertrial paradigm was used whereby participants studied high- or low-frequency lists over several study-test trials, and the loss and gain of individual items was measured across trials; putative measures of consolidation and encoding. The results show that high-frequency words are recalled significantly better than low-frequency words. Older adults acquired high-frequency words at a greater rate across trials than they did for low-frequency words, an effect not evident in the younger adults. Older adults were found to have deficits in both encoding and consolidation as measured by losses and gains of items across trials. The results support the inter-item association theory of the word frequency effect on recall, with the age differences suggesting that memory deficits are sensitive to stimuli characteristics - one interpretation being that the ease of processing of the stimuli at encoding facilitates later recall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Almond
- Leeds Memory Group, Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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Boeuf-Cazou O, Bongue B, Ansiau D, Marquié JC, Lapeyre-Mestre M. Impact of long-term benzodiazepine use on cognitive functioning in young adults: the VISAT cohort. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2011; 67:1045-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00228-011-1047-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Age-related changes in recognition and response criterion. SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2010; 13:557-71. [PMID: 20977007 DOI: 10.1017/s1138741600002249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Recognition performance does not usually change along the lifespan, but the response criterion usually does, and in general, it changes from being conservative during youth to being liberal, in old age. The focus of the present study is to analyze the changes that take place, both in discrimination and response criterion, as a result of aging in two recognition tasks: one with neutral images, and the other with faces showing positive and negative emotional expressions. Two groups of participants performed both tasks: young (N = 21; age range, 17-33 years), older (N = 21; age range, 65-91 years). The analyses of several discrimination parameters (d' and probability of recognition) and the response criterion yielded significant age differences. Thus, results indicated that the ability to discriminate of older participants was better than that of younger participants when having to recognize neutral images, and faces with negative emotional expressions. The response criterion of younger participants was always conservative, whereas older participants only showed liberal criteria in front of faces with emotional expressions. In relation to the neutral images, the response criterion of older participants was optimum, because it led to more hits, without increasing the false alarms. The results are partially explained by the tasks differential difficulty, and are discussed within the frame of Simulation theory.
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Early disturbances of gamma band dynamics in mild cognitive impairment. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2010; 117:489-98. [PMID: 20217436 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-010-0384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that gamma band oscillations participate in the temporal binding needed for the synchronization of cortical networks involved in short-term memory and attentional processes. To date, no study has explored the temporal dynamics of gamma band in the early stages of dementia. At baseline, gamma band analysis was performed in 29 cases with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) during the n-back task. Based on phase diagrams, multiple linear regression models were built to explore the relationship between the cognitive status and gamma oscillation changes over time. Individual measures of phase diagram complexity were made using fractal dimension values. After 1 year, all cases were assessed neuropsychologically using the same battery. A total of 16 MCI patients showed progressive cognitive decline (PMCI) and 13 remained stable (SMCI). When adjusted for gamma values at lag -2, and -3 ms, PMCI cases displayed significantly lower average changes in gamma values than SMCI cases both in detection and 2-back tasks. Gamma fractal dimension of PMCI cases displayed significantly higher gamma fractal dimension values compared to SMCI cases. This variable explained 11.8% of the cognitive variability in this series. Our data indicate that the progression of cognitive decline in MCI is associated with early deficits in temporal binding that occur during the activation of selective attention processes.
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Sterling LE, Jawaid A, Salamone AR, Murthy SB, Mosnik DM, McDowell E, Wheaton M, Strutt AM, Simpson E, Appel S, Schulz PE. Association between dysarthria and cognitive impairment in ALS: A prospective study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 11:46-51. [DOI: 10.3109/17482960903207997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Vakil E, Greenstein Y, Blachstein H. Normative data for composite scores for children and adults derived from the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. Clin Neuropsychol 2010; 24:662-77. [PMID: 20155574 DOI: 10.1080/13854040903493522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Norms on seven composite scores derived from the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) are reported here. These scores reflect a variety of verbal memory processes: learning, interference, retention over time, and retrieval efficiency. The norms are based on 943 children ranging in age from 8 to 17 years, divided into 10 age cohorts, and 528 adults, ranging in age from 21 to 91 years, divided into 6 age cohorts. Overall, the learning measures were the most sensitive to age. The most significant changes in memory as measured with these composite scores took place in the very young and very old age groups. These changes may be attributable to frontal lobe maturation in youth and deterioration in old age. Female participants show superiority over male participants on various verbal memory measures. These norms on the composite scores are primarily expected to serve the clinician in the process of memory assessment by supplementing the existing norms on individual trials of the Rey AVLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Vakil
- Department of Psychology and Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel.
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Jawaid A, Salamone AR, Strutt AM, Murthy SB, Wheaton M, McDowell EJ, Simpson E, Appel SH, York MK, Schulz PE. ALS disease onset may occur later in patients with pre-morbid diabetes mellitus. Eur J Neurol 2010; 17:733-9. [PMID: 20074230 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02923.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several metabolic derangements associated with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM) have been associated with a better outcome in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), including hyperlipidemia and obesity. Here, we tested the hypothesis that DM would have a positive effect on the motor and cognitive findings of ALS. METHODS We compared data from ALS patients with pre-morbid DM (ALS-DM; n = 175) versus without DM (ALS; n = 2196) with regard to the age of onset, rate of motor progression, survival, and neuropsychological test performance. RESULTS The age of onset was later for women, Caucasians and patients with bulbar-onset ALS. However, we also found that after adjusting for gender, ethnicity and site of onset, DM was associated with a 4-year later onset of ALS (ALS = 56.3, ALS-DM = 60.3, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Diabetes mellitus type 2 may delay the onset of motor symptoms in ALS. These findings support other studies suggesting a relationship between the pathophysiology of ALS and metabolic derangements. Further investigations are needed to ascertain whether manipulating metabolic parameters would improve outcomes in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jawaid
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Cherrier MM, Amory JK, Ersek M, Risler L, Shen DD. Comparative cognitive and subjective side effects of immediate-release oxycodone in healthy middle-aged and older adults. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2009; 10:1038-50. [PMID: 19729346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2009.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Revised: 03/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study measured the objective and subjective neurocognitive effects of a single 10-mg dose of immediate-release oxycodone in healthy, older (> 65 years), and middle-aged (35 to 55 years) adults who were not suffering from chronic or significant daily pain. Seventy-one participants completed 2 separate study days and were blind to medication condition (placebo, 10-mg oxycodone). Plasma oxycodone concentration peaked between 60 and 90 minutes postdose (P < .01) and pupil size, an indication of physiological effects of the medication, peaked at approximately 90 to 120 minutes postdose (P < .01). Significant declines in simple and sustained attention, working memory, and verbal memory were observed at 1 hour postdose compared to baseline for both age groups with a trend toward return to baseline by 5 hours postdose. For almost all cognitive measures, there were no medication by age-interaction effects, which indicates that the 2 age groups exhibited similar responses to the medication challenge. This study suggests that for healthy older adults who are not suffering from chronic pain, neurocognitive and pharmacodynamic changes in response to a 10-mg dose of immediate-release oxycodone are similar to those observed for middle-aged adults. PERSPECTIVE Study findings indicate that the metabolism, neurocognitive effects, and physical side effects of oral oxycodone are similar for healthy middle-aged and older adults. Therefore, clinicians should not avoid prescribing oral opioids to older adults based on the belief that older adults are at higher risk for side effects than younger adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique M Cherrier
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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Teruya LC, Ortiz KZ, Minett TSC. Performance of normal adults on Rey Auditory Learning Test: a pilot study. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2009; 67:224-8. [DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x2009000200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2008] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the performance of healthy Brazilian adults on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), a test devised for assessing memory, and to investigate the influence of the variables age, sex and education on the performance obtained, and finally to suggest scores which may be adopted for assessing memory with this instrument. The performance of 130 individuals, subdivided into groups according to age and education, was assessed. Overall performance decreased with age. Schooling presented a strong and positive relationship with scores on all subitems analyzed except learning, for which no influence was found. Mean scores of subitems analyzed did not differ significantly between men and women, except for the delayed recall subitem. This manuscript describes RAVLT scores according to age and education. In summary, this is a pilot study that presents a profile of Brazilian adults on A1, A7, recognition and LOT subitem.
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Age-related differences in brain activity during extended continuous word recognition in children. Neuroimage 2009; 47:688-99. [PMID: 19446639 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2008] [Revised: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the development of verbal recognition memory in primary-school children, 36 healthy younger children (8-9 years old) and 36 healthy older children (11-12 years old) participated in an ERP study with an extended continuous recognition task. Each word of a series of 30 words was shown randomly for six times interspersed with distracter words. The children were required to make old versus new decisions. The data analyses focused on old/new effects (repetition 1 vs. new word) and multiple repetition effects (repetitions 1 through 5) for the N1, P2, N400, and the late positive complex (LPC, 500-800 ms after stimulus onset). Younger children exhibited a strong P2 multiple repetition effect across left lateral regions, with P2 amplitudes increasing linearly with the number of word repetitions. Compared to younger children, older children exhibited a much stronger N400 old/new effect across parietal regions. Old/new and repetition effects for N1 and LPC were similar in both age groups. Correlational analysis showed that in older children, larger N400 old/new effects on the continuous recognition task were moderately associated with better verbal learning on an auditory verbal learning task. In both age groups, the gain in recognition accuracy over multiple repetitions correlated with the LPC repetition effect. The age differences in P2 repetition effects and N400 old/new effects suggest that in younger children whole-word orthographic representations are dependent on the strength of the memory trace and that lexical-semantic representations develop with age. The LPC results suggest that recollection plays a substantial role in recognition memory of both younger and older children.
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Woo E, Schmitter-Edgecombe M. Aging and semantic cueing during learning and retention of verbal episodic information. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2008; 16:103-19. [PMID: 18923945 DOI: 10.1080/13825580802424066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of semantic cues provided at encoding and during retention for older adults' memory. For the California Verbal Learning Test-II, participants received semantic or nonsemantic cues that were varied across groups at encoding and during the retention interval. Provision of a semantic cue at encoding led to greater semantic clustering at learning, but not increased recall performance. Providing a semantic cue during the retention interval led to better delayed free recall and greater semantic clustering. No group differences in recall or semantic clustering were found at delayed cued recall. The current findings suggest that semantic cues can be beneficial for recalling unstructured information when administered during the retention interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Woo
- UCLA Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7226, USA.
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Lowndes GJ, Saling MM, Ames D, Chiu E, Gonzalez LM, Savage G. Recall and Recognition Measures of Paired Associate Learning in Healthy Aging. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2008; 15:506-22. [DOI: 10.1080/13825580802099678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Malloy-Diniz LF, Lasmar VAP, Gazinelli LDSR, Fuentes D, Salgado JV. The Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test: applicability for the Brazilian elderly population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 29:324-9. [PMID: 17713697 DOI: 10.1590/s1516-44462006005000053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2006] [Accepted: 04/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test is a widely recognized test in neuropsychological literature to evaluate learning and memory. This paper presents the performance of six age groups of Brazilian elderly on the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test. METHOD A version of the test was developed with a list of high-frequency one-syllable and two-syllable concrete Portuguese substantives. Two hundred and twenty-three subjects of both genders were allocated to 6 age groups (60-64, 65-69; 70-74; 75-79; 80-84 and 85-89 years old) and tested with the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test. RESULTS Educational level and age had a positive and a negative correlation, respectively, with performance on the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test. Women performed significantly better than men. Our results were similar to those found for the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test English version, across similar age ranges. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the Brazilian Portuguese Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test adaptation was adequate and applicable for evaluating the memory capacity of Brazilian subjects, across similar age and educational levels.
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Dunlosky J, Salthouse TA. A decomposition of age-related differences in multitrial free recall. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/13825589608256608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Chaves MLF, Camozzato AL. How many items from a word list can Alzheimer's disease patients and normal controls recall? Do they recall in a similar way? Dement Neuropsychol 2007; 1:52-58. [PMID: 29213368 PMCID: PMC5619384 DOI: 10.1590/s1980-57642008dn10100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The serial position effect occurs when individuals are asked to recall a list of
information that exceeds normal attention span. Alzheimer's disease (AD)
patients show lower scores on word span recall tests when compared to healthy
aging subjects, younger individuals or depressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Lorena Fagundes Chaves
- MD, PhD, Medical Sciences Post-Graduation Course and Neurology Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Camozzato
- MD, PhD, Medical Sciences Post-Graduation Course and Neurology Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Fox MT, Sidani S, Streiner D. Using standardized survey items with older adults hospitalized for chronic illness. Res Nurs Health 2007; 30:468-81. [PMID: 17654488 DOI: 10.1002/nur.20201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We used the stages of the question response model as a framework to discuss the challenges in administering standardized measures to older adults hospitalized with chronic illnesses. Items with complex content and those with negative stems were associated with difficulties during the comprehension stage. Present experience with the subject of the item was a barrier to retrieving past experiences. The lack of relevance of an item's content to the respondent's situation was associated with problems during the judgment stage. The numeric response format of the items was an obstacle during the response stage. Strategies to enhance the validity of the surveys included breaking up, rephrasing, and contextualizing items, and using descriptive response options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary T Fox
- Collaborative Research Program: Rehabilitation & Long-Term Care, Baycrest
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Abstract
Chronic insomnia and memory impairment are both common complaints among older adults. Even so, only a few studies to date have examined the effects of chronic insomnia on memory processes among older people, and the results of these studies are contradictory. Therefore, in the current study we examined whether late-life insomnia is associated with the memory status of older adults. The study population comprised two groups: 50 older adult subjects without sleep disorders, and 23 older adult insomniacs. Memory processing for each of the two groups was evaluated using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT). The results demonstrate that chronic insomnia in older adults is associated with impairment in memory. Specifically, we found that older people suffering from late-life insomnia exhibit significantly reduced performance in learning rate and in temporal order judgment as well as significantly reduced resistance to proactive interference. The present findings suggest that late-life insomnia may be one of the factors contributing to the decline in memory processing seen among older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Haimov
- Department of Behavioral Science, Max Stern Emek Yezreel College, Emek Yezreel, 19300 Israel
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Poreh A. Analysis of mean learning of normal participants on the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test. Psychol Assess 2005; 17:191-9. [PMID: 16029106 DOI: 10.1037/1040-3590.17.2.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of the mean performance of 58 groups of normal adults and children on the free-recall trials of the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test shows that the mean auditory-verbal learning of each group is described by the function R1 + Sln(t), where R1 is a measure of the mean immediate memory span, S is the slope of the mean logarithmic learning curve, and ln(t) is the natural logarithm of the trial number t. The analysis also shows that R1 varies with age and other demographic factors, whereas S is almost a constant, and it yields equations for estimating the effect of these factors on R1. Potential use of these findings for assessment of auditory-verbal memory and learning in comparative clinical studies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Poreh
- Department of Psychology, Cleveland State University, 2300 Chester, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA.
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Jones RN, Rosenberg AL, Morris JN, Allaire JC, McCoy KJM, Marsiske M, Kleinman KP, Rebok GW, Malloy PF. A growth curve model of learning acquisition among cognitively normal older adults. Exp Aging Res 2005; 31:291-312. [PMID: 16036723 PMCID: PMC2908897 DOI: 10.1080/03610730590948195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to model recall and learning on the Auditory Verbal Learning Test using latent growth curve techniques. Participants were older adults recruited for the ACTIVE cognitive intervention pilot. A series of nested models revealed that an approximately logarithmic growth curve model provided optimal fit to the data. Although recall and learning factors were statistically uncorrelated, a fitted multivariate model suggested that initial recall was significantly associated with demographic characteristics but unrelated to health factors and cognitive abilities. Individual differences in learning were related to race/ethnicity, speed of processing, verbal knowledge, and global cognitive function level. These results suggest that failing to recognize initial recall and learning as distinct constructs clouds the interpretation of supraspan memory tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard N Jones
- Hebrew Rehabilitation Center for Aged, Research and Training Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02131, USA.
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Elstein D, Guedalia J, Doniger GM, Simon ES, Antebi V, Arnon Y, Zimran A. Computerized cognitive testing in patients with type I Gaucher disease: effects of enzyme replacement and substrate reduction. Genet Med 2005; 7:124-30. [PMID: 15714080 DOI: 10.1097/01.gim.0000153666.23707.ba] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Because of concern for drug-induced cognitive dysfunction during clinical trials using substrate reduction therapy (miglustat) in type 1 Gaucher disease and because it has been suggested that some patients with type 1 Gaucher disease may develop neurocognitive impairment as part of the natural history, two different batteries of neuropsychological tests were devised to examine these issues. Using these tests, cognitive function was assessed in patients treated with miglustat, in patients receiving enzyme replacement (standard care for symptomatic patients), and in untreated (milder) patients. METHODS For this study, 55/60 patients exposed to miglustat in Israel participated in psychologist-administered testing; 36/55 participated in computerized testing. Of these, 31 enzyme-treated patients and 22 untreated patients participated in the psychologist-administered testing, and 15 enzyme-treated patients and 18 untreated patients participated in computerized testing. The psychologist-administered battery consisted of 18 standard neuropsychological subtests specific to executive and visuospatial functioning. The computerized battery (Mindstreams, NeuroTrax Corp., New York, NY) consisted of 10 subtests tapping multiple cognitive domains. Between-group analyses for each modality compared cognitive performance. RESULTS In the psychologist-administered testing, patients exposed to miglustat performed significantly less well than the other groups in 5/18 subtests. On the computerized tests, all patients performed comparably to normal controls. Scores in patients exposed to miglustat were higher than in untreated patients, particularly in visuospatial function, whereas enzyme-treated patients performed less well. However, with the exception of visuospatial function, these results were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS It is unclear why different testing methods yielded discordant results. Any dysfunction suggested by the current study is apparently subtle and of doubtful clinical relevance given that cognitive status did not interfere with patients' daily intellectual function. The computerized battery has methodological advantages (e.g., language options, objectivity, brevity, and ease of use) that make it well-suited for longitudinal studies, for long-term surveillance of substrate reduction therapy as well as for comparisons with other lysosomal storage disorders and other chronic diseases. These preliminary findings should allay fears of cognitive dysfunction due to short-term miglustat therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Elstein
- Gaucher Clinic, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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