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Carbohydrate anchored lipid nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2022; 618:121681. [PMID: 35307469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has been a dynamic field for formulation scientists with multidisciplinary research being conducted worldwide. Advancements in development of functional nanosystems have led to evolution of breakthrough technologies. Lipidic nanosystems, in particular, are highly preferred owing to their non-immunogenic safety profiles along with a range of versatile intrinsic properties. Surface modification of lipid nanoparticles by anchoring carbohydrates to these systems is one such attractive drug delivery technology. Carbohydrates confer interesting properties to the nanosystems such as stealth, biostability, bioavailability, reduced toxicity due to decreased immunogenic response, targeting potential as well as ease of commercial availability. The carbohydrate anchored systems can be developed using methods such as adsorption, incorporation (nanoprecipitation or solvent displacement method), crosslinking and grafting. Current review provides a detailed overview of potential lipid based nanoparticulate systems with an emphasis on liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructures lipid carriers and micelles. Review further explores basics of surface modification, methods applied therein, advantages of carbohydrates as surface modifiers, their versatile applications, techniques for characterization of carbohydrate anchored systems and vital regulatory aspects concerned with these specialized systems.
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Gauthier L, Chevallet M, Bulteau F, Thépaut M, Delangle P, Fieschi F, Vivès C, Texier I, Deniaud A, Gateau C. Lectin recognition and hepatocyte endocytosis of GalNAc-decorated nanostructured lipid carriers. J Drug Target 2020; 29:99-107. [PMID: 32936032 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2020.1806286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Liver is the main organ for metabolism but is also subject to various pathologies, from viral, genetic, cancer or metabolic origin. There is thus a crucial need to develop efficient liver-targeted drug delivery strategies. Asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) is a C-type lectin expressed in the hepatocyte plasma membrane that efficiently endocytoses glycoproteins exposing galactose (Gal) or N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc). Its targeting has been successfully used to drive the uptake of small molecules decorated with three or four GalNAc, thanks to an optimisation of their spatial arrangement. Herein, we assessed the biological properties of highly stable nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) made of FDA-approved ingredients and formulated with increasing amounts of GalNAc. Cellular studies showed that a high density of GalNAc was required to favour hepatocyte internalisation via the ASGPR pathway. Interaction studies using surface plasmon resonance and the macrophage galactose-lectin as GalNAc-recognising lectin confirmed the need of high GalNAc density for specific recognition of these NLC. This work is the first step for the development of efficient nanocarriers for prolonged liver delivery of active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gauthier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, Grenoble, France, IRIG-SyMMES, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,CEA, LETI-DTBS, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Mireille Chevallet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG - Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Grenoble, France, CEA, IRIG-Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Francois Bulteau
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG - Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble, France, IRIG-Institut de Biologie Structurale, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Michel Thépaut
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG - Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble, France, IRIG-Institut de Biologie Structurale, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Pascale Delangle
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, Grenoble, France, IRIG-SyMMES, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Franck Fieschi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG - Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble, France, IRIG-Institut de Biologie Structurale, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Corinne Vivès
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG - Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble, France, IRIG-Institut de Biologie Structurale, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Aurélien Deniaud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG - Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Grenoble, France, CEA, IRIG-Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Christelle Gateau
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, Grenoble, France, IRIG-SyMMES, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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Gauthier L, Varache M, Couffin AC, Lebrun C, Delangle P, Gateau C, Texier I. Quantification of Surface GalNAc Ligands Decorating Nanostructured Lipid Carriers by UPLC-ELSD. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225669. [PMID: 31726778 PMCID: PMC6888163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles have been extensively studied for drug delivery and targeting to specific organs. The functionalization of the nanoparticle surface by site-specific ligands (antibodies, peptides, saccharides) can ensure efficient recognition and binding with relevant biological targets. One of the main challenges in the development of these decorated nanocarriers is the accurate quantification of the amount of ligands on the nanoparticle surface. In this study, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) were functionalized with N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) units, known to target the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR). Different molar percentages of GalNAc-functionalized surfactant (0%, 2%, 5%, and 14%) were used in the formulation. Based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography separation and evaporative light-scattering detection (UPLC-ELSD), an analytical method was developed to specifically quantify the amount of GalNAc units present at the NLC surface. This method allowed the accurate quantification of GalNAc surfactant and therefore gave some insights into the structural parameters of these multivalent ligand systems. Our data show that the GalNAc decorated NLC possess large numbers of ligands at their surface and suitable distances between them for efficient multivalent interaction with the ASGPR, and therefore promising liver-targeting efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gauthier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI-DTBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (L.G.); (M.V.); (A.-C.C.)
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (C.L.); (P.D.)
| | - Mathieu Varache
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI-DTBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (L.G.); (M.V.); (A.-C.C.)
| | - Anne-Claude Couffin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI-DTBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (L.G.); (M.V.); (A.-C.C.)
| | - Colette Lebrun
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (C.L.); (P.D.)
| | - Pascale Delangle
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (C.L.); (P.D.)
| | - Christelle Gateau
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (C.L.); (P.D.)
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (I.T.); Tel.: +33-438-786-041 (C.G.); +33-438-784-670 (I.T.)
| | - Isabelle Texier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI-DTBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (L.G.); (M.V.); (A.-C.C.)
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (I.T.); Tel.: +33-438-786-041 (C.G.); +33-438-784-670 (I.T.)
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Mkhwanazi NK, de Koning CB, van Otterlo WAL, Ariatti M, Singh M. PEGylation potentiates hepatoma cell targeted liposome-mediated in vitro gene delivery via the asialoglycoprotein receptor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 72:293-301. [PMID: 28063265 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2016-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a burgeoning health issue in sub-Saharan Africa and East Asia where it is most prevalent. The search for gene medicine treatment modalities for this condition represents a novel departure from current treatment options and is gaining momentum. Here we report on nonPEGylated and on sterically stabilized PEGylated cationic liposomes decorated with D-galacto moieties linked to 24.1 Å spacers for asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R)-targeted vehiculation of pCMV-luc plasmid DNA. Cargo DNA is fully liposome associated at N/P ratio=3:1 and is partially protected from the effects of serum nucleases. Moreover, at this ratio, lipoplex dimensions (89-97 nm) are compatible with the requirements for extravasation in vivo. Ethidium displacement assays show that the reporter DNA is in a less condensed state when bound to PEGylated liposomes than with nonPEGylated liposomes. PEGylated lipoplexes were well tolerated by both HEK293 (ASGP-R-negative) and HepG2 (ASGP-R-positive) cell lines and delivered DNA to the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 by ASGP-R mediation at levels three-fold greater than nonPEGylated lipoplexes. PEGylated ASGP-R-targeted liposomes reported in this study possess the required characteristics for hepatotropic gene delivery and may be considered for further application in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkosiyethu K Mkhwanazi
- Non-viral Gene Delivery Laboratory, Discipline of Biochemistry, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Charles B de Koning
- Molecular Sciences Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, P. Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa
| | - Willem A L van Otterlo
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P. Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Mario Ariatti
- Non-viral Gene Delivery Laboratory, Discipline of Biochemistry, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa, Phone: +27 31 2607981, Fax: +27 31 2607942
| | - Moganavelli Singh
- Non-viral Gene Delivery Laboratory, Discipline of Biochemistry, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
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Conjugates of small targeting molecules to non-viral vectors for the mediation of siRNA. Acta Biomater 2016; 36:21-41. [PMID: 27045350 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED To use siRNA (small interfering RNA) for gene therapy, a gene delivery system is often necessary to overcome several challenging requirements including rapid excretion, low stability in blood serum, non-specific accumulation in tissues, poor cellular uptake and inefficient intracellular release. Active and/or passive targeting should help the delivery system to reach the desired tissue or cell, to be internalized, and to deliver siRNA to the cytoplasm so that siRNA can inhibit protein synthesis. This review covers conjugates of small targeting molecules and non-viral delivery systems for the mediation of siRNA, with a focus on their transfection properties in order to help the development of new and efficient siRNA delivery systems, as the therapeutic solutions of tomorrow. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The delivery of siRNA into cells or tissues remains to be a challenge for its applications, an alternative strategy for siRNA delivery systems is direct conjugation of non-viral vectors with targeting moieties for cellular delivery. In comparison to macromolecules, small targeting molecules have attracted great attention due to their many potential advantages including significant simplicity and ease of production, good repeatability and biodegradability. This review will focus on the most recent advances in the delivery of siRNA using conjugates of small targeting molecules and non-viral delivery systems. Based the editor's suggestions, we hope the revised manuscript could provide more profound understanding to the conjugates of targeting molecules to vectors for mediation of siRNA.
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Drug delivery system targeting advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: Current and future. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:853-869. [PMID: 26772424 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.12.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a fairly high morbidity and is notoriously difficult to treat due to long latent period before detection, multidrug resistance and severe drug-related adverse effects from chemotherapy. Targeted drug delivery systems (DDS) that can selectively deliver therapeutic drugs into tumor sites have demonstrated a great potential in cancer treatment, which could be utilized to resolve the limitations of conventional chemotherapy. Numerous preclinical studies of DDS have been published, but targeted DDS for HCC has yet to be made for practical clinical use. Since rational targeted DDS design should take cancer-specific properties into consideration, we have reviewed the biological and physicochemical properties of HCC extensively to provide a comprehensive understanding on HCC, and recent DDS studies on HCC, aiming to find some potential targeted DDSs for HCC treatment and a meaningful platform for further development of HCC treatments. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Hepatocellular carcinoma has a high incidence worldwide and is known to be multidrug resistant. Thus, intensive research is being carried out to find better chemotherapeutic agents as well as new drug delivery systems. In this article, the authors reviewed in depth the current challenges facing new drug designs and also outlined novel targeted drug delivery systems (DDS) in the fight against HCC.
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Asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated hepatocyte targeting — Strategies and applications. J Control Release 2015; 203:126-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Luo LH, Zheng PJ, Nie H, Chen YC, Tong D, Chen J, Cheng Y. Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of docetaxel liposome mediated by a novel galactosylated cholesterol derivatives synthesized by lipase-catalyzed esterification in non-aqueous phase. Drug Deliv 2014; 23:1282-90. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.980525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li-hua Luo
- Department of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pin-jing Zheng
- Department of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Nie
- Department of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-chao Chen
- Department of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Tong
- Department of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Department of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Abstract
Enzymes underpin physiological function and exhibit dysregulation in many disease-associated microenvironments and aberrant cell processes. Exploiting altered enzyme activity and expression for diagnostics, drug targeting, and drug release is tremendously promising. When combined with booming research in nanobiotechnology, enzyme-responsive nanomaterials used for controlled drug release have achieved significant development and have been studied as an important class of drug delivery strategies in nanomedicine. In this review, we describe enzymes such as proteases, phospholipases and oxidoreductases that serve as delivery triggers. Subsequently, we explore recently developed enzyme-responsive nanomaterials with versatile applications for extracellular and intracellular drug delivery. We conclude by discussing future opportunities and challenges in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanyin Hu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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Glycosylation-mediated targeting of carriers. J Control Release 2014; 190:542-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Wong S, Shim MS, Kwon YJ. Synthetically designed peptide-based biomaterials with stimuli-responsive and membrane-active properties for biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:595-615. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21344g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Mérian J, Boisgard R, Decleves X, Thezé B, Texier I, Tavitian B. Synthetic lipid nanoparticles targeting steroid organs. J Nucl Med 2013; 54:1996-2003. [PMID: 24071507 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.113.121657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Lipidots are original nanoparticulate lipid delivery vectors for drugs and contrast agents made from materials generally regarded as safe. Here, we characterized the in vivo stability, biodistribution, and pharmacokinetics of lipidots. METHODS Lipidots 55 nm in diameter and coated with a phospholipid/poly(ethyleneglycol) surfactant shell were triply labeled with (3)H-cholesteryl-hexadecyl-ether, cholesteryl-(14)C-oleate, and the 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindotricarbocyanine infrared fluorescent dye and injected intravenously into immunocompetent Friend virus B-type mice. The pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of lipidots were analyzed quantitatively in serial samples of blood and tissue and with in vivo optical imaging and were refined by microscopic examination of selected target tissues. RESULTS The plasmatic half-life of lipidots was approximately 30 min. Radioactive and fluorescent tracers displayed a similar nanoparticle-driven biodistribution, indicative of the lipidots' integrity during the first hours after injection. Lipidots distributed in the liver and, surprisingly, in the steroid-rich organs adrenals and ovaries, but not in the spleen. This tropism was confirmed at the microscopic level by histologic detection of 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindotricarbocyanine. Nanoparticle loading with cholesterol derivatives increased accumulation in ovaries in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION This previously unreported distribution pattern is specific to lipidots and attributed to their nanometric size and composition, conferring on them a lipoproteinlike behavior. The affinity of lipidots for steroid hormone-rich areas is of interest to address drugs and contrast agents to lipoprotein-receptor-overexpressing cancer cells found in hormone-dependent tumors.
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Zhao C, Feng Q, Dou Z, Yuan W, Sui C, Zhang X, Xia G, Sun H, Ma J. Local targeted therapy of liver metastasis from colon cancer by galactosylated liposome encapsulated with doxorubicin. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73860. [PMID: 24040096 PMCID: PMC3770687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Since regional drug administration enables to maintain a high drug concentration within tumors, we compared the plasma concentration and biodistribution of doxorubicin (Dox) from drug-loaded conventional liposomes by local or systemic administration. The results demonstrated that drug concentration was substantially improved in liver as well as a decrease in blood and other organs by spleen injection mimicking portal vein perfusion (regional administration). To further investigate the targeted therapeutic effect of galactosylated liposome encapsulated doxorubicin (Dox) by regional administration, liver targeting liposomes were prepared by incorporating galactosylated-DPPE to conventional liposomes. Liposome uptake and targeting were verified in vitro and in vivo by fluorescence microscopy and xenogen IVIS imaging system, respectively. The results showed that galactose targeted liposomes presented a stronger specific cell uptake by human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells compared to the non-targeted liposomes. In vivo fluorescence imaging showed that the intra-hepatic deposition of conventional and galactosylated liposomes via spleen injection was more than that via tail vein administration, and galactosylated liposomes had higher fluorescent intensity over conventional liposomes in the liver post spleen administration. The anti-tumor effect of various drug administration routes for both liposomal formulations was evaluated using a murine liver metastasis model of colon cancer. The results indicated that tumor progression in the liver and mesenteric lymph nodes was significantly suppressed by Dox-loaded galactosylated liposomes via spleen injection, while no significance was observed in non-targeted formulations. Our data indicated that local perfusion of galactosylated liposomal doxorubicin had a great promise for the treatment of liver metastasis from colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Feng
- Abdominal Surgical Department, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zengpei Dou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Chenguang Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Guimin Xia
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hongfang Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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Wang W, Luo J, Xu L, Zeng J, Cao L, Dong J, Cai S. Expression of scFv-Mel-Gal4 triple fusion protein as a targeted DNA-carrier inEscherichia Coli. Cell Biochem Funct 2013; 31:698-706. [PMID: 23508530 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Wang
- Hospital & Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital; Chinese PLA Postgraduate Medical School; Beijing 100853 China
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Jian Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Lining Xu
- Hospital & Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital; Chinese PLA Postgraduate Medical School; Beijing 100853 China
| | - Jianping Zeng
- Hospital & Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital; Chinese PLA Postgraduate Medical School; Beijing 100853 China
| | - Limin Cao
- People's Sino-Russian 21st Century Biotech Research Institute; Changzhou 213164 China
| | - Jiahong Dong
- Hospital & Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital; Chinese PLA Postgraduate Medical School; Beijing 100853 China
| | - Shouwang Cai
- Hospital & Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital; Chinese PLA Postgraduate Medical School; Beijing 100853 China
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Wu J, Sun TM, Yang XZ, Zhu J, Du XJ, Yao YD, Xiong MH, Wang HX, Wang YC, Wang J. Enhanced drug delivery to hepatocellular carcinoma with a galactosylated core–shell polyphosphoester nanogel. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:1143-1150. [DOI: 10.1039/c3bm60099h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Shah SM, Pathak PO, Jain AS, Barhate CR, Nagarsenker MS. Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of palmitoylated arabinogalactan with potential for liver targeting. Carbohydr Res 2012; 367:41-7. [PMID: 23298829 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Arabinogalactan (AG), a water soluble polysaccharide with more than 80 mol% galactose units, was hydrophobized by covalent attachment of palmitoyl chains using a base-catalyzed esterification reaction with the objective of effective amalgamation of arabinogalactan in liposomes for targeting asialoglycoprotein receptors (ASGPR) on liver parenchymal cells. Palmitoylated AG (PAG) was characterized by physico-chemical parameters, IR, (1)H NMR, and (13)C NMR and molecular weight determination by gel permeation chromatography. PAG was incorporated in liposomes and the liposomes were characterized by dynamic light scattering, optical microscopy, zeta potential, and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) techniques. The liposomal system was evaluated for acute toxicity in swiss albino mice and was found to be safe. Targeting ability of PAG was confirmed by in vitro binding affinity to Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA(120)), a lectin specific for galactose. The liposomal system with PAG was evaluated for cytotoxicity on HepG2, MCF7, and A549 cancer cell lines. Cytotoxicity study revealed enhanced activity on ASGPR-expressive HepG2 cells as compared to MCF7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanket M Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai 400098, India
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Shukla SC, Singh A, Pandey AK, Mishra A. Review on production and medical applications of ɛ-polylysine. Biochem Eng J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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19
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Zhang XX, Eden HS, Chen X. Peptides in cancer nanomedicine: drug carriers, targeting ligands and protease substrates. J Control Release 2012; 159:2-13. [PMID: 22056916 PMCID: PMC3288222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Peptides are attracting increasing attention as therapeutic agents, as the technologies for peptide development and manufacture continue to mature. Concurrently, with booming research in nanotechnology for biomedical applications, peptides have been studied as an important class of components in nanomedicine, and they have been used either alone or in combination with nanomaterials of every reported composition. Peptides possess many advantages, such as smallness, ease of synthesis and modification, and good biocompatibility. Their functions in cancer nanomedicine, discussed in this review, include serving as drug carriers, as targeting ligands, and as protease-responsive substrates for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiang Zhang
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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20
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Choi KY, Swierczewska M, Lee S, Chen X. Protease-activated drug development. Am J Cancer Res 2012; 2:156-78. [PMID: 22400063 PMCID: PMC3296471 DOI: 10.7150/thno.4068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this extensive review, we elucidate the importance of proteases and their role in drug development in various diseases with an emphasis on cancer. First, key proteases are introduced along with their function in disease progression. Next, we link these proteases as targets for the development of prodrugs and provide clinical examples of protease-activatable prodrugs. Finally, we provide significant design considerations needed for the development of the next generation protease-targeted and protease-activatable prodrugs.
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21
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Lin CM, Chang GP, Tsao HK, Sheng YJ. Solubilization mechanism of vesicles by surfactants: Effect of hydrophobicity. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:045102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3615540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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22
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Guo BH, Cheng Y, Lin LP, Lin DH, Wu W. Preparation and characterization of galactose-modified liposomes by a nonaqueous enzymatic reaction. J Liposome Res 2011; 21:255-60. [PMID: 21545336 DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2011.573795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, NOH (NOH = N-octadecyl-4-[(D-galactopyranosyl)oxy]-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxy hexanamide) was enzymatically synthesized as a targeting molecule and incorporated into liposomes to prepare a liposome surface modified with galactose. Glycyrrhetinic-acid-loaded liposome (GA-LP) and glycyrrhetinic-acid-loaded liposome surface modified with galactose (NOH-GA-LP) were prepared by the ethanol-injection method. NOH-GA-LP was characterized by morphology, particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, release in vitro, and stability. The size of spherical particles was in the range of 179-211 nm. Spherical particles exhibit a positive electrical charge (38.7 mV) and possess high encapsulation efficiency (91.3%) and show sustained release (72% over 48 hours) in vitro. This novel approach for the liposome surface modified with galactose by enzymatic synthesis is expected to provide potential application as a drug carrier for active targeted delivery to hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-hong Guo
- Department of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangdong, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Chen ZP, Zhu JB, Chen HX, Xiao YY, Feng MS, Cai H, Chen J, Cai BC. Synthesis of a novel polymer bile salts-(polyethylene glycol)2000-bile salts and its application to the liver-selective targeting of liposomal DDB. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 36:657-65. [PMID: 20136497 DOI: 10.3109/03639040903410342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to achieve a sustained and targeted delivery of liposome to the liver, by modifying the phospholipid [phosphatidylcholine (PC)/cholesterol (10 : 1) liposomes with a novel polymer bile salts-(polyethylene glycol)(2000)-bile salts (BP(2)B). METHODS First, we generated a novel BP(2)B by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide/4-dimethylaminopyridine esterification method and confirmed by Fourier transform infraredand (1) H-NMR spectra. Second, we prepared the BP(2)B-modified liposomes (BP(2)BL) that included BP(2)B, and the effect of the weight ratios of BP(2)B/PC on entrapment efficiency was investigated and BP(2)B/PC = 3% (w/w) was determined as the optimum ratio for the 4,4'-dimethoxy-5,6,5',6'-bi (methylenedioxy)-2,2'-bicarbomethoxybiphenyl liposomes. And then, the ability of the liver target of BP(2)BL was studied by calculating the targeted parameters. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION All the results revealed that the introduction of polyoxyethylene chains could control interactions of bile salt moieties on liposome surfaces with the receptor compared with traditional liposomes (CL), marking BP(2)BL as a suitable carrier for hepatic parenchymal cell-specific and sustained targeting. It was suggested that liposomes containing such novel BP(2)B have great potential as drug delivery carriers for the liver-selective targeting that has targeted and sustained drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Peng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China.
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24
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Zhang H, Ma Y, Sun XL. Recent developments in carbohydrate-decorated targeted drug/gene delivery. Med Res Rev 2010; 30:270-89. [PMID: 19626595 DOI: 10.1002/med.20171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Targeted delivery of a drug or gene to its site of action has clear therapeutic advantages by maximizing its therapeutic efficiency and minimizing its systemic toxicity. Generally, targeted drug or gene delivery is performed by loading a macromolecular carrier with an appropriate drug or gene, and by targeting the drug/gene carrier to specific cell or tissue with the help of specific targeting ligand. The emergence of glycobiology, glycotechnology, and glycomics and their continual adaptation by pharmaceutical scientists have opened exciting avenue of medicinal applications of carbohydrates. Among them, the biocompatibility and specific receptor recognition ability confer the ability of carbohydrates as potential targeting ligands for targeted drug and gene delivery applications. This review summarizes recent progress of carbohydrate-decorated targeted drug/gene delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, USA
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25
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Hai L, Zhang ZR, Wang S, Xiao X, Wu Y. Synthesis of Multivalent Galactosides as Targeting Ligand for Gene Delivery. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910903161827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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26
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Gao Y, Xu P, Chen L, Li Y. Prostaglandin E1 encapsulated into lipid nanoparticles improves its anti-inflammatory effect with low side-effect. Int J Pharm 2010; 387:263-71. [PMID: 20006690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E(1) (PGE1) shows various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammation. However, the rapid metabolization and inactivation of the intravenously administered PGE1 during the first passage through the lungs result in significant non-compliance in clinical trials which greatly limits its application. The aim of this work was to prepare the lipid nanoparticles loading PGE1 to improve its anti-inflammatory effect with low side-effect. The experimental results showed that PGE1 loaded lipid nanoparticles (PLNs) could be successfully prepared by high pressure homogenization with particle size 68.1+/-4.7 nm, zeta potential -3.32+/-0.37 mV and entrapment efficiency 92.1+/-1.3%. PLNs exhibited a sustained release with low burst drug release. PLNs could improve the inhibition effects of PGE1 on lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced TNF-alpha expression on macrophage RAW264.7 cells, and improve the inhibition of lymphocyte to endothelial cell adhesion and ICAM-1 adhesion molecule expression on HUVEC and MDA-MB-468 cell membrane. No allergenicity, vascular and muscle irritation were induced in animals by PLNs even at double of the highest drug concentration of clinical infusion. As a result, PLNs could be a more potential delivery system for PGE1 in the treatment of inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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27
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Dube D, Khatri K, Goyal AK, Mishra N, Vyas SP. Preparation and evaluation of galactosylated vesicular carrier for hepatic targeting of silibinin. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2009; 36:547-55. [DOI: 10.3109/03639040903325560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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28
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Pangburn TO, Petersen MA, Waybrant B, Adil MM, Kokkoli E. Peptide- and aptamer-functionalized nanovectors for targeted delivery of therapeutics. J Biomech Eng 2009; 131:074005. [PMID: 19655996 DOI: 10.1115/1.3160763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Targeted delivery of therapeutics is an area of vigorous research, and peptide- and aptamer-functionalized nanovectors are a promising class of targeted delivery vehicles. Both peptide- and aptamer-targeting ligands can be readily designed to bind a target selectively with high affinity, and more importantly are molecules accessible by chemical synthesis and relatively compact compared with antibodies and full proteins. The multitude of peptide ligands that have been used for targeted delivery are covered in this review, with discussion of binding selectivity and targeting performance for these peptide sequences where possible. Aptamers are RNA or DNA strands evolutionarily engineered to specifically bind a chosen target. Although use of aptamers in targeted delivery is a relatively new avenue of research, the current state of the field is covered and promises of future advances in this area are highlighted. Liposomes, the classic drug delivery vector, and polymeric nanovectors functionalized with peptide or aptamer binding ligands will be discussed in this review, with the exclusion of other drug delivery vehicles. Targeted delivery of therapeutics, from DNA to classic small molecule drugs to protein therapeutics, by these targeted nanovectors is reviewed with coverage of both in vitro and in vivo deliveries. This is an exciting and dynamic area of research and this review seeks to discuss its broad scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd O Pangburn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Richard C, Chaumet-Riffaud P, Belland A, Parat A, Contino-Pepin C, Bessodes M, Scherman D, Pucci B, Mignet N. Amphiphilic perfluoroalkyl carbohydrates as new tools for liver imaging. Int J Pharm 2009; 379:301-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Revised: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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30
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Law B, Tung CH. Proteolysis: A Biological Process Adapted in Drug Delivery, Therapy, and Imaging. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 20:1683-95. [DOI: 10.1021/bc800500a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Law
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, and The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Ching-Hsuan Tung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, and The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas 77030
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KAWAKAMI S. Development and Application of Glycosylated Particulate Carriers for Delivery of Nucleic Acid Medicine. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2008; 128:1743-9. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.128.1743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru KAWAKAMI
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
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32
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Terada T, Mizobata M, Kawakami S, Yabe Y, Yamashita F, Hashida M. Basic fibroblast growth factor-binding peptide as a novel targeting ligand of drug carrier to tumor cells. J Drug Target 2008; 14:536-45. [PMID: 17050120 DOI: 10.1080/10611860600849498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Drug systems targeting tumor cells using basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) have been widely reported. In this study, the peptide KRTGQYKLC (bFGFp), containing cysteine at the carboxyl termination of the bFGF-derived peptide, was applied as a novel ligand targeting tumor cells. bFGFp was conjugated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and liposomes. The peptide was shown to inhibit the binding of bFGF to FGF receptor-1 (FGFR1). Interestingly, the binding study using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay revealed that the bFGFp-BSA was not bound to FGFR1, but was selectively bound to bFGF. Furthermore, the SPR assay showed that bFGFp-BSA is capable of binding to FGFR1 following the pretreatment with bFGF. The confocal microscopy study indicated that the uptake of bFGFp-BSA by NIH3T3 cells, which highly express FGFRs, was significantly enhanced by pretreatment with bFGF. Then, PEGylated liposomes containing bFGFp (bFGFp-liposome) were prepared by conjugating maleimide-PEG-PE with bFGFp. Following the pretreatment of bFGF, the uptake of bFGFp-liposomes by NIH3T3 cells was significantly enhanced. These results suggest that bFGFp-BSA and bFGFp-liposomes are taken by NIH3T3 cells via binding with bFGF. In addition, both bFGFp-BSA and bFGFp-liposomes had no effect on the proliferation of NIH3T3 cells. This strategy can be used as a novel system for targeting tumors highly expressing FGFRs without a proliferation effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Terada
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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33
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Mandal AK, Das N. Sugar coated liposomal flavonoid: A unique formulation in combating carbontetrachloride induced hepatic oxidative damage. J Drug Target 2008; 13:305-15. [PMID: 16199374 DOI: 10.1080/10611860500230278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Rats were administered a single dose of plant origin phenolic antioxidant Quercetin (QC) in free, liposome encapsulated and galactosylated liposome encapsulated forms 2 h prior to hepatotoxic dose of carbontetrachloride (CCl4, 40% v/v in olive oil, 1 ml/kg b.wt). Among those three different forms of QC tested, only galactosylated liposomal QC provided significant protection against CCl4 induced hepatic oxidative damage. After 24 h of injection (S.C.) hepatic cells of rats were found susceptible to CCl4 induced oxidative damage and it was monitored by the increased amount of conjugated diene in hepatic membrane. The two-fold increase in conjugated diene by the induction of CCl4 was decreased upto normal level by galactosylated liposomal QC pre-treatment. Carbontetrachloride induced membrane damage in hepatic cells and it was judged by the blood serum pathological and liver tissue histopathological examination. Membrane damage by the induction of CCl4 was further evaluated by the decreased level of plasma membrane (PM) bound enzyme Na+/K+ ATPase activity and it was increased only by the pre-treatment of galactosylated liposomal QC. Carbontetrachloride induced a substantial decrease both in enzymatic and molecular endogenous antioxidant levels in hepatic cells.The depression in antioxidant system in hepatic cells was completely prevented by a single dose of galactosylated lipsosomal QC prior to CCl4 treatment. Liver uptake of QC was estimated after 2 h of the flavonoid injection (8.9 micromol/kg body weight) (free or liposomal forms) and 85% of the injected QC was found in liver in the case of galactosylated liposomal QC. Whereas only 25% of the injected dose was detected in liver when an identical amount of free QC was injected. Carbontetrachloride also induced an alteration in membrane fluidity and it was evaluated by a decrease in membrane micro-viscosity. Free QC pre-treatment resulted in no protection against CCl4 induced increase in hepatic membrane fluidity, whereas galactosylated liposomal QC exerted a significant protection against the increase. Results of this study revealed that QC in galactosylated liposome could exert a significant protection against CCl4 induced hepatocellular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardhendu K Mandal
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Biomembrane Division, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
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Lian J, Zhang S, Wang J, Fang K, Zhang Y, Hao Y. Novel galactosylated SLN for hepatocyte-selective targeting of floxuridinyl diacetate. J Drug Target 2008; 16:250-6. [DOI: 10.1080/10611860801902351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Yeeprae W, Kawakami S, Higuchi Y, Yamashita F, Hashida M. Biodistribution characteristics of mannosylated and fucosylated O/W emulsions in mice. J Drug Target 2008; 13:479-87. [PMID: 16332573 DOI: 10.1080/10611860500293367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell-specific drug delivery is one of the most promising strategies for improving therapeutic efficiency and minimizing systemic toxicity. Carrier systems devoted to receptor-mediated targeting need to be developed. In the case of liver-non-parenchymal cell-specific targeting systems, glycosylated emulsions have been developed as carriers for lipophilic drugs and/or peptides. This present study demonstrates the in vivo disposition behaviour and pharmacokinetic characteristics of mannosylated (Man-) and fucosylated (Fuc-) emulsions incorporated with cholesten-5-yloxy-N-(4-((1-imino-2-D-thiomannosylethyl)amino)alkyl)formamide (Man-C4-Chol) and its fucosylated derivatives (Fuc-C4-Chol), respectively. Man- (or Fuc-) emulsions are composed of soybean oil, EggPC and Man-C4-Chol (or Fuc-C4-Chol) in a weight ratio of 70:25:5. After intravenous administration to mice, these two types of [(3)H]cholesteryl hexadecyl ether (CHE)-labelled glycosylated emulsions were rapidly eliminated from the blood circulation and preferentially recovered in the liver. In contrast, bare (Bare-) emulsions composed of soybean oil:EggPC:cholesterol (Chol) in a weight ratio of 70:25:5 were more retained in the blood circulation. The hepatic uptake clearances of Man- and Fuc-emulsions were 3.3- and 4.0-times greater than that of Bare-emulsions. Interestingly, the hepatic uptake clearance of Fuc-emulsions was significantly higher that that of Man-emulsions. The uptake ratios by non-parenchymal cells (NPC) and parenchymal cells (PC) (NPC/PC ratio) for Bare-, Man- and Fuc-emulsions were found to be 0.4, 2.0 and 2.9, respectively. The hepatic uptakes of [(3)H]CHE-labelled Man- and Fuc-emulsions were reduced by pre-dosing with glycosylated proteins and liposomes. These results clearly support the conclusion that Man- and Fuc-emulsions are promising carrier systems for liver NPC-specific targeting via receptor-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassana Yeeprae
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Department of Drug Delivery Research, Japan
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36
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Chono S, Tauchi Y, Morimoto K. Influence of Particle Size on the Distributions of Liposomes to Atherosclerotic Lesions in Mice. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008; 32:125-35. [PMID: 16455611 DOI: 10.1080/03639040500390645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In order to confirm the efficacy of liposomes as a drug carrier for atherosclerotic therapy, the influence of particle size on the distribution of liposomes to atherosclerotic lesions in mice was investigated. In brief, liposomes of three different particle sizes (500, 200, and 70 nm) were prepared, and the uptake of liposomes by the macrophages and foam cells in vitro and the biodistributions of liposomes administered intravenously to atherogenic mice in vivo were examined. The uptake by the macrophages and foam cells increased with the increase in particle size. Although the elimination rate from the blood circulation and the hepatic and splenic distribution increased with the increase in particle size in atherogenic mice, the aortic distribution was independent of the particle size. The aortic distribution of 200 nm liposomes was the highest in comparison with the other sizes. Surprisingly, the aortic distribution of liposomes in vivo did not correspond with the uptake by macrophages and foam cells in vitro. These results suggest that there is an optimal size for the distribution of liposomes to atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumio Chono
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University, 7-1 Katsuraoka-cho, Otaru-city, 047-0264, Japan.
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Whittenton J, Harendra S, Pitchumani R, Mohanty K, Vipulanandan C, Thevananther S. Evaluation of asymmetric liposomal nanoparticles for encapsulation of polynucleotides. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:8533-8540. [PMID: 18597508 DOI: 10.1021/la801133j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Conventional lipid bilayer liposomes have similar inner and outer leaflet compositions; asymmetric liposomes have different lipid leaflet compositions. The goal of this work is to place cationic lipids in the inner leaflet to encapsulate negatively charged polynucleotides and to place neutral/anionic lipids on the outer leaflet to decrease nonspecific cellular uptake/toxicity. Inverse emulsion particles have been developed with a single lipid leaflet of cationic and neutral lipids surrounding an aqueous core containing a negatively charged 21-mer DNA oligo. The particles are accelerated through an oil-water interface, entrapping a second neutral lipid to form oligo encapsulated unilamellar liposome nanoparticles. Inverse emulsion particles can be consistently produced to encapsulate an aqueous environment containing negatively charged oligo. The efficiency of encapsulated liposome formation is low and depends on the hydrocarbon used as the oil phase. Dodecane, mineral oil, and squalene were tested, and squalene, a branched hydrocarbon, yielded the highest efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah Whittenton
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
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Terada T, Mizobata M, Kawakami S, Yamashita F, Hashida M. Optimization of tumor-selective targeting by basic fibroblast growth factor-binding peptide grafted PEGylated liposomes. J Control Release 2007; 119:262-70. [PMID: 17467100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2006] [Revised: 01/22/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that the peptide, KRTGQYKLC (bFGF), is recognized by fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor (FGFR) via binding to basic FGF (bFGF), and is capable of being used for drug delivery to tumors highly expressing FGFR and bFGF. However, although the binding and uptake of the liposomes (bFGFp-liposomes) modified by the peptide increased in the presence of bFGF, the modification induced non-specific uptake. To overcome this problem, here, we prepared bFGFp-liposomes including mPEG-DSPE. The 5 and 10% mPEG(5000)/ and 10% mPEG(3000)/bFGFp-liposomes reduced most of the interaction with erythrocytes and the uptake by macrophages, suggesting the sustained blood circulation of bFGFp grafted PEGylated liposomes. Furthermore, 10% mPEG(3000)/bFGFp-liposomes produced a significant increase in uptake in NIH3T3, A549, and B16BL6 cells with the expression of FGFR following pre-incubation with bFGF, but no increase in CHO-K1 cells lacking FGFR expression. Taken together, these results lead us to believe that bFGFp grafted PEGylated liposomes possess the functions of both PEGylated stealth liposomes and the tumor-targeting liposomes. This strategy could be applied to the development of novel tumor-selective drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Terada
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Mandal AK, Das S, Basu MK, Chakrabarti RN, Das N. Hepatoprotective activity of liposomal flavonoid against arsenite-induced liver fibrosis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006; 320:994-1001. [PMID: 17138861 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.106.114215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic, the environmental metalloid toxicant, is known to induce oxidative damage to liver and produce hepatic fibrosis. The theme of our study was to optimize and evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of galactosylated liposomal flavonoidal antioxidant, quercetin (QC), in combating arsenic-induced hepatic fibrogenesis. The rats of the hepatic damage group were injected s.c. a single dose of sodium arsenite (NaAsO(2)) (100.06 microM/kg b. wt. in 0.5 ml of physiological saline). Hepatocytes and stellate cells were separated. Mitochondrial membranes were isolated from all those separated cells. Oxidative damage was monitored at different isolated subcellular parts of different hepatic cells. Liver fibrosis was also induced by the injection of NaAsO(2). Galactosylated liposomal QC injection before NaAsO(2) treatment checked fibrogenesis completely by protecting the liver from oxidative attack in cellular and subcellular levels. The maximal protections from hepatocellular and fatty metamorphosis, necrosis, Kupffer cell hyperplasia, fibrosis, and in the deposition of collagen contents were observed and reconfirmed by our histopathological and histochemical analysis when rats were treated with galactosylated liposomal QC before NaAsO(2) injection. Application of galactosylated liposomal QC may be a potent therapeutic approach for NaAsO(2)-induced fibrogenesis through a complete protection against oxidative attack in cellular and subcellular parts of rat liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardhendu K Mandal
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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Abstract
Cationic lipids are conceptually and methodologically simple tools to deliver nucleic acids into the cells. Strategies based on cationic lipids are viable alternatives to viral vectors and are becoming increasingly popular owing to their minimal toxicity. The first-generation cationic lipids were built around the quaternary nitrogen primarily for binding and condensing DNA. A large number of lipids with variations in the hydrophobic and hydrophilic region were generated with excellent transfection efficiencies in vitro. These cationic lipids had reduced efficiencies when tested for gene delivery in vivo. Efforts in the last decade delineated the cell biological basis of the cationic lipid gene delivery to a significant detail. The application of techniques such as small angle X-ray spectroscopy (SAXS) and fluorescence microscopy, helped in linking the physical properties of lipid:DNA complex (lipoplex) with its intracellular fate. This biological knowledge has been incorporated in the design of the second-generation cationic lipids. Lipid-peptide conjugates (peptoids) are effective strategies to overcome the various cellular barriers along with the lipoplex formulations methodologies. In this context, cationic lipid-mediated gene delivery is considerably benefited by the methodologies of liposome-mediated drug delivery. Lipid mediated gene delivery has an intrinsic advantage of being a biomimetic platform on which considerable variations could be built to develop efficient in vivo gene delivery protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Madhusudhana Rao
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India.
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41
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Chono S, Tauchi Y, Morimoto K. Pharmacokinetic analysis of the uptake of liposomes by macrophages and foam cells in vitro and their distribution to atherosclerotic lesions in mice. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2006; 21:37-44. [PMID: 16547392 DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.21.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the efficacy of liposomes as a drug carrier for atherosclerotic therapy, a pharmacokinetic analysis of the uptake of liposomes by macrophages and foam cells in vitro and their distribution to atherosclerotic lesions in mice was carried out. In brief, liposomes of three particle sizes (500, 200 and 70 nm) were prepared, and the uptake of liposomes by these cells in vitro and the aortic distribution following intravenous administration to atherogenic mice were examined. The internalization rate constant calculated by measuring uptake and binding was size-dependent in both types of cells in vitro. The aortic clearance (CL(a)) was size-independent in atherogenic mice and the CL(a) of 200 nm particles was the highest. Surprisingly, the aortic distribution in vivo did not correspond with the internalization to macrophages and foam cells in vitro. These results suggest that there is an optimal size for the distribution of liposomes to atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumio Chono
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University, Otaru-city, Japan.
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42
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Terada T, Iwai M, Kawakami S, Yamashita F, Hashida M. Novel PEG-matrix metalloproteinase-2 cleavable peptide-lipid containing galactosylated liposomes for hepatocellular carcinoma-selective targeting. J Control Release 2006; 111:333-42. [PMID: 16488046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2005] [Revised: 12/26/2005] [Accepted: 12/26/2005] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In order to obtain an HCC-selective drug delivery system, a novel functional lipid, which is cleaved by the protease activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), was developed. The amino group of dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) was conjugated with PEGylated MMP-2 substrate peptide (Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-Ile-Ala-Gly-Gln), and MMP-2-cleavable PEG-Peptide-DOPE (PEG-PD) was synthesized. When PEG-PD was incorporated in galactosylated liposomes (Gal-PEG-PD-liposomes), we expected that Gal-PEG-PD-liposomes would not be taken up by normal hepatocytes due to the steric hindrance effect, but would be activated around HCC cells by secreted MMPs. In the pretreatment by hMMP2 (1, 5, and 10mug/ml), an hMMP2 concentration-dependent higher uptake of Gal-PEG-PD-liposomes was observed in HepG2 cells, suggesting PEG-PD cleavage. In the presence of an excess of galactose, the uptake of Gal-PEG-PD-liposomes with hMMP2 was significantly inhibited, suggesting asialoglycoprotein receptor-mediated uptake of Gal-PEG-PD-liposomes following the PEG-PD cleavage. Pretreatment of Gal-PEG-PD-liposomes with the conditioned medium of B16BL6, which contained secreted MMPs, enhanced the binding to HepG2 cells, as in the case of hMMP-2 treatment. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of N(4)-octadecyl-1-beta-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine (NOAC) incorporated Gal-PEG-PD-liposomes was enhanced by hMMPs (5mug/ml) and its cytotoxicity was significantly reduced by the presence of an excess of galactose in HepG2 cells. In conclusion, Gal-PEG-PD-liposomes were successfully developed for novel HCC-selective targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Terada
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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43
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Kawakami S, Suzuki S, Yamashita F, Hashida M. Induction of apoptosis in A549 human lung cancer cells by all-trans retinoic acid incorporated in DOTAP/cholesterol liposomes. J Control Release 2006; 110:514-21. [PMID: 16360957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2005] [Revised: 10/25/2005] [Accepted: 10/31/2005] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has been shown to exert anti-cancer activities in a number of types of cancer cells. However, it has been reported that many NSCLC exhibited resistance to ATRA treatment. In the present study, we hypothesized that intracellular delivery of ATRA would overcome the ATRA resistance in A549 cells. Here, we investigated the induction of apoptosis by ATRA incorporated in cationic liposomes composed of DOTAP/cholesterol in A549 human lung cancer cells, which are insensitive (resistant) to the growth inhibitory effects of ATRA. The zeta potentials of DOTAP/cholesterol liposomes and DSPC/cholesterol liposomes were about +50 and -3 mV. In A549 cells, [(3)H]ATRA incorporated in DOTAP liposomes showed increased cellular association compared with [(3)H]ATRA or [(3)H]ATRA incorporated in DSPC/cholesterol liposomes. ATRA incorporated in DOTAP/cholesterol liposomes showed much higher cytotoxic effects and apoptosis-inducing activity compared with ATRA or ATRA incorporated in DSPC/cholesterol liposomes. The enhanced expression of TIG3 mRNA tumor suppressor gene by ATRA incorporation into DOTAP/cholesterol liposomes might partly explain the mechanism of enhanced cytotoxicity and/or apoptosis. These observations provide valuable information to help in the design of differentiation therapy by ATRA in non-small cell lung carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Kawakami
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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44
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Wang S, Cheng L, Yu F, Pan W, Zhang J. Delivery of different length poly(L-lysine)-conjugated ODN to HepG2 cells using N-stearyllactobionamide-modified liposomes and their enhanced cellular biological effects. Int J Pharm 2006; 311:82-8. [PMID: 16427225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2005] [Revised: 11/22/2005] [Accepted: 12/10/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Short (14-20-mer range) synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) allow specific modulation of cellular gene expression at various stages, thus providing a versatile tool for fundamental studies and a rational approach to anticancer chemotherapy. However, several problems, such as metabolic stability, efficient cell internalization of ODNs and their efficient entrapment into liposomes continue to markedly limit this approach. To improve the target specificity and biological activity of ODN, three different length of poly(L-lysine) (PLL) were conjugated to ODN and these conjugates were encapsulated in N-stearyllactobionamide (N-SLBA)-modified liposomes, N-SLBA is a ligand for the asialoglycoprotein receptor. Then, we investigated their effects on cell cycle and survivin protein levels of HepG2 cells. The results showed that the encapsulation efficiency was improved because the polycationic charges of PLL neutralized the polyanionic charges of ODN. Among them, PLL (M(W) 2000 and 10,000)-conjugated ODN encapsulated in N-SLBA liposomes induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells and highly inhibited survivin gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siling Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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45
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Managit C, Kawakami S, Yamashita F, Hashida M. Uptake characteristics of galactosylated emulsion by HepG2 hepatoma cells. Int J Pharm 2006; 301:255-61. [PMID: 16076536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2005] [Revised: 05/20/2005] [Accepted: 05/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Galactosylated (Gal) emulsions containing various molar ratios of cholesten-5-yloxy-N-(4-((1-imino-2-D-thiogalactosylethyl)amino)butyl)formamide (Gal-C4-Chol) as a ligand for asialoglycoprotein receptors were prepared to study the effect of the galactose content of Gal-emulsions labeled with [3H]cholesteryl hexadecyl ether on their targeted delivery to hepatocytes. The uptake characteristics of Gal-emulsions having Gal-C4-Chol of 1, 3, 4, 6, and 9 mol% were evaluated in HepG2 cells which possess asialoglycoprotein receptors and NIH3T3 cells which are lack of asialoglycoprotein receptors. The uptake and internalization by HepG2 cells was enhanced by the addition of Gal-C4-Chol to the Gal-emulsions whereas the uptake of Gal-emulsions by NIH3T3 cells was not much and was comparable with that of bare-emulsions. In the presence of excess Gal-BSA, the uptake of Gal-emulsions having Gal-C4-Chol of 4, 6, and 9% was inhibited suggesting asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated uptake. Moreover, Gal-emulsions having Gal-C4-Chol of 4, 6, and 9% showed a slight increase in surface binding and exhibited extensive uptake and internalization into HepG2 cells. The present study strongly suggested that the Gal-emulsions are taken up by the asialoglycoprotein receptor-mediated endocytosis and galactose density of Gal-emulsions is important for effective recognition and cell internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chittima Managit
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Kawakami S, Opanasopit P, Yokoyama M, Chansri N, Yamamoto T, Okano T, Yamashita F, Hashida M. Biodistribution characteristics of all-trans retinoic acid incorporated in liposomes and polymeric micelles following intravenous administration. J Pharm Sci 2005; 94:2606-15. [PMID: 16258978 DOI: 10.1002/jps.20487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the biodistribution characteristics of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) incorporated in liposomes and polymeric micelles following intravenous administration. [3H] ATRA were incorporated in distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC)/cholesterol (6:4) liposomes. Two types of block copolymers, poly (ethylene glycol)-b-poly-(aspartic acid) derivatives with benzyl (Bz-75) groups, were synthesized to prepare the polymeric micelles for [(3)H]ATRA incorporation. ATRA were dissolved in mouse serum to analyze their inherent distribution. After intravenous administration, the blood concentration of [3H] ATRA in liposomes and polymeric micelles (Bz-75) was higher than that of inherent [3H]ATRA, suggesting that liposomes and polymeric micelles (Bz-75) control the distribution of ATRA. Pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated that [3H]ATRA incorporated in polymeric micelles (Bz-75) exhibit the largest AUC(blood) and lowest hepatic clearance of ATRA, suggesting that polymeric micelles (Bz-75) are an effective ATRA carrier system for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) therapy. These results have potential implications for the design of ATRA carriers for APL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Kawakami
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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47
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Managit C, Kawakami S, Yamashita F, Hashida M. Effect of Galactose Density on Asialoglycoprotein Receptor-Mediated Uptake of Galactosylated Liposomes. J Pharm Sci 2005; 94:2266-75. [PMID: 16136555 DOI: 10.1002/jps.20443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Galactosylated (Gal) liposomes containing various molar ratios of cholesten-5-yloxy-N-(4-((1-imino-2-D-thiogalactosylethyl)formamide (Gal-C4-Chol) as a ligand for asialoglycoprotein receptors were prepared to study the effect of the galactose content of Gal-liposomes labeled with [3H]cholesteryl hexadecyl ether on their targeted delivery to hepatocytes. The uptake characteristics of Gal-liposomes having Gal-C4-Chol of 1.0%, 2.5%, 3.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5% were evaluated. The uptake and internalization by HepG2 cells was enhanced by the addition of Gal-C4-Chol to the Gal-liposomes. In the presence of excess galactose, the uptake of Gal-liposomes having Gal-C4-Chol of 3.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5% was inhibited suggesting asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated uptake. After intravenous injection, Gal-liposomes having Gal-C4-Chol of 3.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5%, rapidly disappeared from the blood and exhibited rapid liver accumulation with up to about 80% of the dose within 10 min whereas Gal-liposomes having low Gal-C4-Chol (1.0% and 2.5%) showed a slight improvement in liver accumulation compared with bare-liposomes. Gal-liposomes with high Gal-C4-Chol are preferentially taken up by hepatocytes and the highest uptake ratio by parenchymal cells (PC) and nonparenchymal cells (NPC) (PC/NPC ratio) was observed with Gal-liposomes having of 5.0% Gal-C4-Chol. We report here that the galactose density of Gal-liposomes prepared by Gal-C4-Chol is important for both effective recognition by asialoglycoprotein receptors and cell internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chittima Managit
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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Sasatsu M, Onishi H, Machida Y. Preparation of a PLA–PEG block copolymer using a PLA derivative with a formyl terminal group and its application to nanoparticulate formulation. Int J Pharm 2005; 294:233-45. [PMID: 15814247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2004] [Revised: 01/12/2005] [Accepted: 01/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel poly(DL-lactic acid) (PLA) derivative with a diethoxy propanol ester at the end, named PLA-acetal, was synthesized by ring opening polymerization using DL-lactide and 3,3-diethoxy propanol. PLA-acetal was hydrolyzed to a PLA derivative with a formyl group, named PLA-aldehyde, by acid treatment. Reductive amination between PLA-aldehyde and methoxypolyethylene glycol amine (MeO-PEG(N)) gave the block copolymer (PLA-(MeO-PEG(N))). Nanoparticles were prepared by emulsification-solvent evaporation or solvent diffusion using PLA-(MeO-PEG(N)) or a conventional methoxypolyethylene glycol-PLA block copolymer, PLA-(MeO-PEG(O)). PLA-(MeO-PEG(N)) nanoparticles had a particle size of 60-340 nm, dependent on the preparative procedure, while PLA-(MeO-PEG(O)) nanoparticles prepared by solvent diffusion showed a particle size of 60 nm. The PLA-(MeO-PEG) nanoparticles with a smaller PEG introduction degree exhibited a more negative zeta potential. 1,1'-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindodicarbocyanine perchlorate (DiD) could be incorporated efficiently in PLA-(MeO-PEG(N)) nanoparticles. It is suggested that PLA-aldehyde should be useful as a functional intermediate for derivatization of PLA, and PLA-(MeO-PEG(N)) can be used for the preparation of PEG-coated PLA nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanaho Sasatsu
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
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Hashida M, Kawakami S, Yamashita F. Lipid Carrier Systems for Targeted Drug and Gene Delivery. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2005; 53:871-80. [PMID: 16079512 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.53.871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
For effective chemotherapy, it is necessary to deliver therapeutic agents selectively to their target sites, since most drugs are associated with both beneficial effects and side effects. The use of lipid dispersion carrier systems, such as lipid emulsions and liposomes, as carriers of lipophilic drugs has attracted particular interest. A drug delivery system can be defined as a methodology for manipulating drug distribution in the body. Since drug distribution depends on the carrier, administration route, particle size of the carrier, lipid composition of the carrier, electric charge of the carrier and ligand density of the targeting carrier, these factors must be optimized. Recently, the lipid carrier system has also been applied to gene delivery systems for gene therapy. However, in both drug and gene medicine cases, a lack of cell-selectivity limits the wide application of this kind of drug and/or gene therapy. Therefore, lipid carrier systems for targeted drug and gene delivery must be developed for the rational therapy. In this review, we shall focus on the progress of research into lipid carrier systems for drug and gene delivery following systemic or local injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Hashida
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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50
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Fumoto S, Nakadori F, Kawakami S, Nishikawa M, Yamashita F, Hashida M. Analysis of hepatic disposition of galactosylated cationic liposome/plasmid DNA complexes in perfused rat liver. Pharm Res 2004; 20:1452-9. [PMID: 14567641 DOI: 10.1023/a:1025766429175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the intrahepatic disposition characteristics of galactosylated liposome/plasmid DNA (pDNA) complexes in perfused rat liver. METHODS Galactosylated liposomes containing N-[1-(2,3-dioleyloxy)propyl]-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride (DOTMA), cholesterol (Chol), and cholesten-5-yloxy-N-14-[(1-imino-2-D-thiogalactosylethyl)amino]butyl] formamide (Gal-C4-Chol) were prepared. The liposome/[32P]-labeled pDNA complexes were administered to perfused liver, and the venous outflow patterns were analyzed based on a two-compartment dispersion model. RESULTS The single-pass hepatic extraction of pDNA complexed with DOTMA/Chol/Gal-C4-Chol liposomes was greater than that with control DOTMA/Chol liposomes. A two-compartment dispersion model revealed that both the tissue binding and cellular internalization rate were higher for the DOTMA/Chol/Gal-C4-Chol liposome complexes compared with the control liposome complexes. The tissue binding was significantly reduced by the presence of 20 mM galactose. When their cellular localization in the perfused liver at 30 min postinjection was investigated, it was found that the parenchymal uptake of the DOTMA/Chol/Gal-C4-Chol liposome complexes was greater than that of the control liposome complexes. The parenchymal cell/ nonparenchymal cell uptake ratio was as high as unity. CONCLUSION Galactosylation of the liposome/pDNA complexes increases the tissue binding and internalization rate via an asialoglycoprotein receptor-mediated process. Because of the large particle size of the complexes (approximately 150 nm), however, penetration across the fenestrated sinusoidal endothelium appears to be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Fumoto
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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