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Madappura AP, Madduri S. A comprehensive review of silk-fibroin hydrogels for cell and drug delivery applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:4868-4886. [PMID: 37860231 PMCID: PMC10583100 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogel scaffolds hold great promise for developing novel treatment strategies in the field of regenerative medicine. Within this context, silk fibroin (SF) has proven to be a versatile material for a wide range of tissue engineering applications owing to its structural and functional properties. In the present review, we report on the design and fabrication of different forms of SF-based scaffolds for tissue regeneration applications, particularly for skin, bone, and neural tissues. In particular, SF hydrogels have emerged as delivery systems for a wide range of bio-actives. Given the growing interest in the field, this review has a primary focus on the fabrication, characterization, and properties of SF hydrogels. We also discuss their potential for the delivery of drugs, stem cells, genes, peptides, and growth factors, including future directions in the field of SF hydrogel scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alakananda Parassini Madappura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 300044 Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Srinivas Madduri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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2
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Structural Characteristics and Properties of Cocoon and Regenerated Silk Fibroin from Different Silkworm Strains. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054965. [PMID: 36902396 PMCID: PMC10003124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Silk has attracted the attention of researchers as a biomedical and cosmetic material because of its good biocompatibility and cytocompatibility. Silk is produced from the cocoons of silkworms, which have various strains. In this study, silkworm cocoons and silk fibroins (SFs) were obtained from ten silkworm strains, and their structural characteristics and properties were examined. The morphological structure of the cocoons depended on the silkworm strains. The degumming ratio of silk ranged from 22.8% to 28% depending on the silkworm strains. The highest and lowest solution viscosities of SF were shown by 9671 and 9153, respectively, showing a 12-fold difference. The silkworm strains of 9671, KJ5, and I-NOVI showed a two-fold higher work of ruptures for the regenerated SF film than 181 and 2203, indicating that the silkworm strains considerably influence the mechanical properties of the regenerated SF film. Regardless of the silkworm strain, all silkworm cocoons showed good cell viability, making them suitable candidates for advanced functional biomaterials.
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3
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Elango J, Lijnev A, Zamora-Ledezma C, Alexis F, Wu W, Marín JMG, Sanchez de Val JEM. The Relationship of Rheological Properties and the Performance of Silk Fibroin Hydrogels in Tissue Engineering Application. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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4
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Composite silk fibroin hydrogel scaffolds for cartilage tissue regeneration. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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5
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Zhang Q, Li M, Hu W, Wang X, Hu J. Spidroin-Based Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering: General Approaches and Potential Stem Cell Therapies. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:7141550. [PMID: 34966432 PMCID: PMC8712125 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7141550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Spider silks are increasingly gaining interest for potential use as biomaterials in tissue engineering and biomedical applications. Owing to their facile and versatile processability in native and regenerated forms, they can be easily tuned via chemical synthesis or recombinant technologies to address specific issues required for applications. In the past few decades, native spider silk and recombinant silk materials have been explored for a wide range of applications due to their superior strength, toughness, and elasticity as well as biocompatibility, biodegradation, and nonimmunogenicity. Herein, we present an overview of the recent advances in spider silk protein that fabricate biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Beginning with a brief description of biological and mechanical properties of spidroin-based materials and the cellular regulatory mechanism, this review summarizes various types of spidroin-based biomaterials from genetically engineered spider silks and their prospects for specific biomedical applications (e.g., lung tissue engineering, vascularization, bone and cartilage regeneration, and peripheral nerve repair), and finally, we prospected the development direction and manufacturing technology of building more refined and customized spidroin-based protein scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Min Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Wenbo Hu
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jinlian Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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6
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Wen DL, Sun DH, Huang P, Huang W, Su M, Wang Y, Han MD, Kim B, Brugger J, Zhang HX, Zhang XS. Recent progress in silk fibroin-based flexible electronics. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2021; 7:35. [PMID: 34567749 PMCID: PMC8433308 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-021-00261-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the emergence of 5G, traditional silicon-based electronics no longer fully meet market demands such as nonplanar application scenarios due to mechanical mismatch. This provides unprecedented opportunities for flexible electronics that bypass the physical rigidity through the introduction of flexible materials. In recent decades, biological materials with outstanding biocompatibility and biodegradability, which are considered some of the most promising candidates for next-generation flexible electronics, have received increasing attention, e.g., silk fibroin, cellulose, pectin, chitosan, and melanin. Among them, silk fibroin presents greater superiorities in biocompatibility and biodegradability, and moreover, it also possesses a variety of attractive properties, such as adjustable water solubility, remarkable optical transmittance, high mechanical robustness, light weight, and ease of processing, which are partially or even completely lacking in other biological materials. Therefore, silk fibroin has been widely used as fundamental components for the construction of biocompatible flexible electronics, particularly for wearable and implantable devices. Furthermore, in recent years, more attention has been paid to the investigation of the functional characteristics of silk fibroin, such as the dielectric properties, piezoelectric properties, strong ability to lose electrons, and sensitivity to environmental variables. Here, this paper not only reviews the preparation technologies for various forms of silk fibroin and the recent progress in the use of silk fibroin as a fundamental material but also focuses on the recent advanced works in which silk fibroin serves as functional components. Additionally, the challenges and future development of silk fibroin-based flexible electronics are summarized. (1) This review focuses on silk fibroin serving as active functional components to construct flexible electronics. (2) Recent representative reports on flexible electronic devices that applied silk fibroin as fundamental supporting components are summarized. (3) This review summarizes the current typical silk fibroin-based materials and the corresponding advanced preparation technologies. (4) The current challenges and future development of silk fibroin-based flexible electronic devices are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Liang Wen
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - De-Heng Sun
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Peng Huang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Wen Huang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Meng Su
- CIRMM, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8505 Japan
| | - Ya Wang
- Microsystems Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Meng-Di Han
- Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, 100087 Beijing, China
| | - Beomjoon Kim
- CIRMM, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8505 Japan
| | - Juergen Brugger
- Microsystems Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hai-Xia Zhang
- Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, 100087 Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Sheng Zhang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
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7
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Piluso S, Flores Gomez D, Dokter I, Moreira Texeira L, Li Y, Leijten J, van Weeren R, Vermonden T, Karperien M, Malda J. Rapid and cytocompatible cell-laden silk hydrogel formation via riboflavin-mediated crosslinking. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:9566-9575. [PMID: 33001117 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01731k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive hydrogels based on naturally-derived polymers are of great interest for regenerative medicine applications. Among naturally-derived polymers, silk fibroin has been extensively explored as a biomaterial for tissue engineering due to its unique mechanical properties. Here, we demonstrate the rapid gelation of cell-laden silk fibroin hydrogels by visible light-induced crosslinking using riboflavin as a photo-initiator, in presence of an electron acceptor. The gelation kinetics were monitored by in situ photo-rheometry. Gelation was achieved in minutes and could be tuned owing to its direct proportionality to the electron acceptor concentration. The concentration of the electron acceptor did not affect the elastic modulus of the hydrogels, which could be altered by varying the polymer content. Further, the biocompatible riboflavin photo-initiator combined with sodium persulfate allowed for the encapsulation of cells within silk fibroin hydrogels. To confirm the cytocompatibility of the silk fibroin formulations, three cell types (articular cartilage-derived progenitor cells, mesenchymal stem cells and dental-pulp-derived stem cells) were encapsulated within the hydrogels, which associated with a viability >80% for all cell types. These results demonstrated that fast gelation of silk fibroin can be achieved by combining it with riboflavin and electron acceptors, which results in a hydrogel that can be used in tissue engineering and cell delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Piluso
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. and Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands and Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela Flores Gomez
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. and Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Dokter
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. and Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Liliana Moreira Texeira
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands and Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. and Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Leijten
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - René van Weeren
- Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands and Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tina Vermonden
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Science for Life, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Karperien
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. and Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands and Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Pluronic F-127/Silk Fibroin for Enhanced Mechanical Property and Sustained Release Drug for Tissue Engineering Biomaterial. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14051287. [PMID: 33800354 PMCID: PMC7962836 DOI: 10.3390/ma14051287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein, an injectable thermosensitive hydrogel was developed for a drug and cellular delivery system. The composite was prepared by facile physical mixing of pluronic F-127 (PF) and silk fibroin (SF) in an aqueous solution. The chemical structure, transparency, viscosity, injectability, degradation kinetic, cumulative release of dexamethasone (Dex), a type of corticosteroid drug, and size distribution of the fabricated hydrogels were characterized. Cytotoxicity of the hydrogels was also studied to verify the biocompatibility of the hydrogels. The addition of a proper amount of SF to PF not only improved the mechanical strength but also decreased the degradation rate which improved the fast rate release of hydrophobic drugs. The cytotoxicity of the hydrogel decreased when SF was added to PF in a proper amount. Overall, the results confirm that the composite of PF and SF can be a promising cell and drug delivery system for future application in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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9
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Farokhi M, Aleemardani M, Solouk A, Mirzadeh H, Teuschl AH, Redl H. Crosslinking strategies for silk fibroin hydrogels: promising biomedical materials. Biomed Mater 2021; 16:022004. [PMID: 33594992 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abb615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Due to their strong biomimetic potential, silk fibroin (SF) hydrogels are impressive candidates for tissue engineering, due to their tunable mechanical properties, biocompatibility, low immunotoxicity, controllable biodegradability, and a remarkable capacity for biomaterial modification and the realization of a specific molecular structure. The fundamental chemical and physical structure of SF allows its structure to be altered using various crosslinking strategies. The established crosslinking methods enable the formation of three-dimensional (3D) networks under physiological conditions. There are different chemical and physical crosslinking mechanisms available for the generation of SF hydrogels (SFHs). These methods, either chemical or physical, change the structure of SF and improve its mechanical stability, although each method has its advantages and disadvantages. While chemical crosslinking agents guarantee the mechanical strength of SFH through the generation of covalent bonds, they could cause some toxicity, and their usage is not compatible with a cell-friendly technology. On the other hand, physical crosslinking approaches have been implemented in the absence of chemical solvents by the induction of β-sheet conformation in the SF structure. Unfortunately, it is not easy to control the shape and properties of SFHs when using this method. The current review discusses the different crosslinking mechanisms of SFH in detail, in order to support the development of engineered SFHs for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Farokhi
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran. Maryam Farokhi and Mina Aleemardani contributed equally
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10
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Raia NR, Jia D, Ghezzi CE, Muthukumar M, Kaplan DL. Characterization of silk-hyaluronic acid composite hydrogels towards vitreous humor substitutes. Biomaterials 2020; 233:119729. [PMID: 31927250 PMCID: PMC7007602 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Multiple ophthalmic pathologies, such as retinal detachment and diabetic retinopathy, require the removal and replacement of the vitreous humor. Clinical tamponades such as silicone oil and fluorinated gases are utilized but limited due to complications and toxicity. Therefore, there is a need for biocompatible, stable, vitreous humor substitutes. In this study, enzymatically crosslinked silk-hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels formed using horseradish peroxidase and H2O2 were characterized for use as vitreous humor substitutes. The composite network structure was characterized with dynamic light scattering. In addition, the rheological, optical, and swelling properties of hydrogels with varying silk to HA ratios and crosslinking densities controlled via H2O2 were determined over time. Hydrogels had refractive indexes of 1.336 and were clear with 75-91% light transmission. Hydrogel shear storage modulus ranged between ~6 and 240 Pa where increased H2O2 increased the modulus. After 1 month of aging, there were no changes in modulus for hydrogels with lower silk ratios, while those with higher silk ratios exhibited a significant increase in modulus. Decreasing H2O2 concentration in the reactions led to increased hydrogel volume during swelling, with higher silk ratios returning to their original size after 15 days. Dynamic light scattering results show three diffusive modes, revealing the possible structures of the hydrogel composite and are consistent with the mechanical properties and swelling results. The normalized intraocular pressure of ex vivo porcine eyes after injecting hydrogels were comparable with those treated with silicone oil showing the potential clinical utility of the hydrogels as vitreous substitutes. The versatility of the silk-HA hydrogel system, the tunable swelling properties, and the stability of hydrogels with lower silk ratios show the benefit of utilizing silk-HA hydrogels as vitreous substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Raia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Di Jia
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Dr., Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Chiara E Ghezzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University St., Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | - Murugappan Muthukumar
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Dr., Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
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11
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Cui X, Soliman BG, Alcala‐Orozco CR, Li J, Vis MAM, Santos M, Wise SG, Levato R, Malda J, Woodfield TBF, Rnjak‐Kovacina J, Lim KS. Rapid Photocrosslinking of Silk Hydrogels with High Cell Density and Enhanced Shape Fidelity. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901667. [PMID: 31943911 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Silk fibroin hydrogels crosslinked through di-tyrosine bonds are clear, elastomeric constructs with immense potential in regenerative medicine applications. In this study, demonstrated is a new visible light-mediated photoredox system for di-tyrosine bond formation in silk fibroin that overcomes major limitations of current conventional enzymatic-based crosslinking. This photomediated system rapidly crosslinks silk fibroin (<1 min), allowing encapsulation of cells at significantly higher cell densities (15 million cells mL-1 ) while retaining high cell viability (>80%). The photocrosslinked silk hydrogels present more stable mechanical properties which do not undergo spontaneous transition to stiff, β-sheet-rich networks typically seen for enzymatically crosslinked systems. These hydrogels also support long-term culture of human articular chondrocytes, with excellent cartilage tissue formation. This system also facilitates the first demonstration of biofabrication of silk fibroin constructs in the absence of chemical modification of the protein structure or rheological additives. Cell-laden constructs with complex, ordered, graduated architectures, and high resolution (40 µm) are fabricated using the photocrosslinking system, which cannot be achieved using the enzymatic crosslinking system. Taken together, this work demonstrates the immense potential of a new crosslinking approach for fabrication of elastomeric silk hydrogels with applications in biofabrication and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Cui
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group Department of Orthopaedics Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine University of Otago Christchurch 8011 New Zealand
- Medical Technologies Centre of Research Excellence Auckland 1010 New Zealand
| | - Bram G. Soliman
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group Department of Orthopaedics Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine University of Otago Christchurch 8011 New Zealand
| | - Cesar R. Alcala‐Orozco
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group Department of Orthopaedics Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine University of Otago Christchurch 8011 New Zealand
| | - Jun Li
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group Department of Orthopaedics Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine University of Otago Christchurch 8011 New Zealand
| | - Michelle A. M. Vis
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group Department of Orthopaedics Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine University of Otago Christchurch 8011 New Zealand
| | - Miguel Santos
- School of Medical Sciences Department of Physiology University of Sydney Camperdown NSW 2006 Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre University of Sydney Camperdown NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Steven G. Wise
- School of Medical Sciences Department of Physiology University of Sydney Camperdown NSW 2006 Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre University of Sydney Camperdown NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Riccardo Levato
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht Heidelberglaan 100 3584 CX Utrecht The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopaedics University Medical Center Utrecht Heidelberglaan 100 3584 CX Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Jos Malda
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht Heidelberglaan 100 3584 CX Utrecht The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopaedics University Medical Center Utrecht Heidelberglaan 100 3584 CX Utrecht The Netherlands
- Department of Equine Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Domplein 29 3512 JE Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Tim B. F. Woodfield
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group Department of Orthopaedics Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine University of Otago Christchurch 8011 New Zealand
- Medical Technologies Centre of Research Excellence Auckland 1010 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery Auckland 1010 New Zealand
| | - Jelena Rnjak‐Kovacina
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney 2052 Australia
| | - Khoon S. Lim
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group Department of Orthopaedics Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine University of Otago Christchurch 8011 New Zealand
- Medical Technologies Centre of Research Excellence Auckland 1010 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery Auckland 1010 New Zealand
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12
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Sogawa H, Katashima T, Numata K. A covalently crosslinked silk fibroin hydrogel using enzymatic oxidation and chemoenzymatically synthesized copolypeptide crosslinkers consisting of a GPG tripeptide motif and tyrosine: control of gelation and resilience. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00187b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A covalently crosslinked silk fibroin hydrogel was successfully formedviaan enzymatic crosslinking reaction using copolypeptides, which consist of a glycine–proline–glycine tripeptide motif and tyrosine, as linker molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Sogawa
- Biomacromolecules Research Team
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
- Saitama
- Japan
| | - Takuya Katashima
- Biomacromolecules Research Team
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
- Saitama
- Japan
| | - Keiji Numata
- Biomacromolecules Research Team
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
- Saitama
- Japan
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13
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Laomeephol C, Guedes M, Ferreira H, Reis RL, Kanokpanont S, Damrongsakkul S, Neves NM. Phospholipid-induced silk fibroin hydrogels and their potential as cell carriers for tissue regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 14:160-172. [PMID: 31671250 DOI: 10.1002/term.2982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Silk fibroin (SF) hydrogels can be obtained via self-assembly, but this process takes several days or weeks, being unfeasible to produce cell carrier hydrogels. In this work, a phospholipid, namely, 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) sodium salt (DMPG), was used to induce and accelerate the gelation process of SF solutions. Due to the amphipathic nature and negative charge of DMPG, electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between the phospholipids and SF chains will occur, inducing the structural transition of SF chains to the beta sheet and consequently a rapid gel formation is observed (less than 50 min). Moreover, the gelation time can be controlled by varying the lipid concentration. To assess the potential of the hydrogels as cell carriers, several mammalian cell lines, including L929, NIH/3T3, SaOS-2, and CaSki, were encapsulated into the hydrogel. The silk-based hydrogels supported the normal growth of fibroblasts, corroborating their cytocompatibility. Interestingly, an inhibition in the growth of cancer-derived cell lines was observed. Therefore, DMPG-induced SF hydrogels can be successfully used as a 3D platform for in situ cell encapsulation, opening promising opportunities in biomedical applications, such as in cell therapies and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chavee Laomeephol
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Biomaterial Engineering for Medical and Health Research Unit, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Marta Guedes
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Helena Ferreira
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sorada Kanokpanont
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Biomaterial Engineering for Medical and Health Research Unit, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Damrongsakkul
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Biomaterial Engineering for Medical and Health Research Unit, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nuno M Neves
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
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14
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Apinun J, Honsawek S, Kuptniratsaikul S, Jamkratoke J, Kanokpanont S. Osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells encapsulated in Thai silk fibroin/collagen hydrogel: a pilot study in vitro. ASIAN BIOMED 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/abm-2019-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Silk fibroin (SF) can be processed into a hydrogel. SF/collagen hydrogel may be a suitable biomaterial for bone tissue engineering.
Objectives
To investigate in vitro biocompatibility and osteogenic potential of encapsulated rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rat MSCs) in an injectable Thai SF/collagen hydrogel induced by oleic acid–poloxamer 188 surfactant mixture in an in vitro pilot study.
Methods
Rat MSCs were encapsulated in 3 groups of hydrogel scaffolds (SF, SF with 0.05% collagen [SF/0.05C], and SF with 0.1% collagen [SF/0.1C]) and cultured in a growth medium and an osteogenic induction medium. DNA, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and calcium were assayed at periodically for up to 5 weeks. After 6 weeks of culture the cells were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy.
Results
Although SF hydrogel with collagen seems to have less efficiency to encapsulate rat MSCs, their plateau phase growth in all hydrogels was comparable. Inability to maintain cell viability as cell populations declined over 1–5 days was observed. Cell numbers then plateaued and were maintained until day 14 of culture. ALP activity and calcium content of rat MSCs in SF/collagen hydrogels were highest at day 21. An enhancing effect of collagen combined with the hydrogel was observed for proliferation and matrix formation; however, benefits of the combination on osteogenic differentiation and biomineralization are as yet unclear.
Conclusion
Rat MSCs in SF and SF/collagen hydrogels showed osteogenic differentiation. Accordingly, these hydrogels may serve as promising scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirun Apinun
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok 10330 , Thailand
| | - Sittisak Honsawek
- Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeleton Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok 10330 , Thailand
| | - Somsak Kuptniratsaikul
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok 10330 , Thailand
| | | | - Sorada Kanokpanont
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok 10330 , Thailand
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15
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Chantong N, Damrongsakkul S, Ratanavaraporn J. Gelation Process and Physicochemical Properties of Thai Silk Fibroin Hydrogels Induced by Various Anionic Surfactants for Controlled Release of Curcumin. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nattakan Chantong
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Faculty of EngineeringChulalongkorn University Phaya Thai Road, Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Siriporn Damrongsakkul
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringChulalongkorn University Phaya Thai Road, Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Juthamas Ratanavaraporn
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Faculty of EngineeringChulalongkorn University Phaya Thai Road, Bangkok 10330 Thailand
- Skeletal Disorders Research Unit, Faculty of DentistryChulalongkorn University Phaya Thai Road, Bangkok 10330 Thailand
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16
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Kuang D, Jiang F, Wu F, Kaur K, Ghosh S, Kundu SC, Lu S. Highly elastomeric photocurable silk hydrogels. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 134:838-845. [PMID: 31103592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A photocurable silk fibroin hydrogel is prepared, for the first time, using natural silk protein fibroin and biophotosensitizer riboflavin. Riboflavin is excited by ultraviolet light to generate a triplet state which is transferred to produce active oxygen radicals with singlet oxygen as the main component. Active oxygen radicals can induce chemical cross-linking of amino-, phenol- and other groups in the silk fibroin macromolecules to form a photocurable hydrogel. The different biophysical characterizations of the gelation of this modified fibroin protein solution were studied by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, microplate reader and texture analyzer. The aggregate structures, surface morphologies, mechanical properties, light transmission and degradation properties of the gel were studied. The investigations showed that the silk fibroin/riboflavin hydrogels predominantly have random coils or alpha helix structures. These gels show resilience up to 90% after 80% compression and a light transmission of up to 97%. The cell culture experiment exhibits that the hydrogel has a satisfactory cytocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajiang Kuang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Fujian Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Kulwinder Kaur
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sourabh Ghosh
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Subhas C Kundu
- 3Bs Research Group, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark - 4805-017 Barco, Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Shenzhou Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Kim H, Kim J, Choi J, Park Y, Ki C. Characterization of silk hydrogel formed with hydrolyzed silk fibroin-methacrylate via photopolymerization. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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18
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Raia NR, Partlow BP, McGill M, Kimmerling EP, Ghezzi CE, Kaplan DL. Enzymatically crosslinked silk-hyaluronic acid hydrogels. Biomaterials 2017; 131:58-67. [PMID: 28376366 PMCID: PMC5479139 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, silk fibroin and hyaluronic acid (HA) were enzymatically crosslinked to form biocompatible composite hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties similar to that of native tissues. The formation of di-tyrosine crosslinks between silk fibroin proteins via horseradish peroxidase has resulted in a highly elastic hydrogel but exhibits time-dependent stiffening related to silk self-assembly and crystallization. Utilizing the same method of crosslinking, tyramine-substituted HA forms hydrophilic and bioactive hydrogels that tend to have limited mechanics and degrade rapidly. To address the limitations of these singular component scaffolds, HA was covalently crosslinked with silk, forming a composite hydrogel that exhibited both mechanical integrity and hydrophilicity. The composite hydrogels were assessed using unconfined compression and infrared spectroscopy to reveal of the physical properties over time in relation to polymer concentration. In addition, the hydrogels were characterized by enzymatic degradation and for cytotoxicity. Results showed that increasing HA concentration, decreased gelation time, increased degradation rate, and reduced changes that were observed over time in mechanics, water retention, and crystallization. These hydrogel composites provide a biologically relevant system with controllable temporal stiffening and elasticity, thus offering enhanced tunable scaffolds for short or long term applications in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Raia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Benjamin P Partlow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Meghan McGill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Erica Palma Kimmerling
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Chiara E Ghezzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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19
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Kim HJ, Kim MK, Lee KH, Nho SK, Han MS, Um IC. Effect of degumming methods on structural characteristics and properties of regenerated silk. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 104:294-302. [PMID: 28601646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of different degumming methods on the structural characteristics and properties of regenerated silk fibroin (SF) were examined. The crystallinity index of the degummed silk increased with the degumming ratio. The crystallinity index at any given degumming ratio differed depending on the degumming method. The soda method and the soap/soda method using sodium carbonate resulted in a higher crystallinity index than the other methods The degumming method strongly affects the molecular weight (MW) and solution viscosity of the regenerated SF. The MW and viscosity of the regenerated SF, according to the degumming method, was in the order of urea method>HTHP method≈acid method>soap/soda method≈soda method. The turbidity of a silk formic acid solution decreased as a result of increasing the degumming ratio and was a minimum at a degumming ratio of around 26%. However, it was not affected by the degumming method. The mechanical properties of a regenerated SF film were strongly affected by the degumming method and the trend in the strength and elongation with the various degumming methods was the same as that of the MW and viscosity of the regenerated SF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Kim
- Department of Bio-fibers and Materials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo Kon Kim
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hoon Lee
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Kab Nho
- Department of Bio-fibers and Materials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Sae Han
- Department of Bio-fibers and Materials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - In Chul Um
- Department of Bio-fibers and Materials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Lee KI, Wang X, Guo X, Yung KF, Fei B. Highly water-absorbing silk yarn with interpenetrating network via in situ polymerization. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 95:826-832. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.11.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Kambe Y, Murakoshi A, Urakawa H, Kimura Y, Yamaoka T. Vascular induction and cell infiltration into peptide-modified bioactive silk fibroin hydrogels. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:7557-7571. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02109g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A vascular-inducing peptide was produced recombinantly to stimulate the replacement of silk fibroin hydrogels by vascularized tissuesin vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kambe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center (NCVC) Research Institute
- Suita
- Japan
| | - Akie Murakoshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center (NCVC) Research Institute
- Suita
- Japan
- Department of Biobased Materials Science
| | - Hiroshi Urakawa
- Department of Biobased Materials Science
- Kyoto Institute of Technology
- Kyoto 606-8585
- Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Kimura
- Center for Fiber and Textile Sience
- Kyoto Institute of Technology
- Kyoto 606-8585
- Japan
| | - Tetsuji Yamaoka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center (NCVC) Research Institute
- Suita
- Japan
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22
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Dubey P, Kumar S, Aswal VK, Ravindranathan S, Rajamohanan PR, Prabhune A, Nisal A. Silk Fibroin-Sophorolipid Gelation: Deciphering the Underlying Mechanism. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:3318-3327. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sugam Kumar
- Solid
State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Vinod K. Aswal
- Solid
State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
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23
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Floren M, Migliaresi C, Motta A. Processing Techniques and Applications of Silk Hydrogels in Bioengineering. J Funct Biomater 2016; 7:jfb7030026. [PMID: 27649251 PMCID: PMC5040999 DOI: 10.3390/jfb7030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are an attractive class of tunable material platforms that, combined with their structural and functional likeness to biological environments, have a diversity of applications in bioengineering. Several polymers, natural and synthetic, can be used, the material selection being based on the required functional characteristics of the prepared hydrogels. Silk fibroin (SF) is an attractive natural polymer for its excellent processability, biocompatibility, controlled degradation, mechanical properties and tunable formats and a good candidate for the fabrication of hydrogels. Tremendous effort has been made to control the structural and functional characteristic of silk hydrogels, integrating novel biological features with advanced processing techniques, to develop the next generation of functional SF hydrogels. Here, we review the several processing methods developed to prepare advanced SF hydrogel formats, emphasizing a bottom-up approach beginning with critical structural characteristics of silk proteins and their behavior under specific gelation environments. Additionally, the preparation of SF hydrogel blends and other advanced formats will also be discussed. We conclude with a brief description of the attractive utility of SF hydrogels in relevant bioengineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Floren
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| | - Claudio Migliaresi
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Biotech Research Center, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, Trento 38123, Italy.
| | - Antonella Motta
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Biotech Research Center, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, Trento 38123, Italy.
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24
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Ming J, Li M, Han Y, Chen Y, Li H, Zuo B, Pan F. Novel two-step method to form silk fibroin fibrous hydrogel. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 59:185-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Kapoor S, Kundu SC. Silk protein-based hydrogels: Promising advanced materials for biomedical applications. Acta Biomater 2016; 31:17-32. [PMID: 26602821 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are a class of advanced material forms that closely mimic properties of the soft biological tissues. Several polymers have been explored for preparing hydrogels with structural and functional features resembling that of the extracellular matrix. Favourable material properties, biocompatibility and easy processing of silk protein fibers into several forms make it a suitable material for biomedical applications. Hydrogels made from silk proteins have shown a potential in overcoming limitations of hydrogels prepared from conventional polymers. A great deal of effort has been made to control the properties and to integrate novel topographical and functional characteristics in the hydrogel composed from silk proteins. This review provides overview of the advances in silk protein-based hydrogels with a primary emphasis on hydrogels of fibroin. It describes the approaches used to fabricate fibroin hydrogels. Attempts to improve the existing properties or to incorporate new features in the hydrogels by making composites and by improving fibroin properties by genetic engineering approaches are also described. Applications of the fibroin hydrogels in the realms of tissue engineering and controlled release are reviewed and their future potentials are discussed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This review describes the potentiality of silk fibroin hydrogel. Silk Fibroin has been widely recognized as an interesting biomaterial. Due to its properties including high mechanical strength and excellent biocompatibility, it has gained wide attention. Several groups are exploring silk-based materials including films, hydrogels, nanofibers and nanoparticles for different biomedical applications. Although there is a good amount of literature available on general properties and applications of silk based biomaterials, there is an inadequacy of extensive review articles that specifically focus on silk based hydrogels. Silk-based hydrogels have a strong potential to be utilized in biomedical applications. Our work is an effort to highlight the research that has been done in the area of silk-based hydrogels. It aims to provide an overview of the advances that have been made and the future course available. It will provide an overview of the silk-based hydrogels as well as may direct the readers to the specific areas of application.
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26
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Bragg JC, Kweon H, Jo Y, Lee KG, Lin CC. Modulating properties of chemically crosslinked PEG hydrogels via physical entrapment of silk fibroin. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John C. Bragg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis; Indianapolis Indiana
| | - Haeyong Kweon
- Sericultural and Apicultural Materials Division, Department of Agricultural Biology; National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration; Republic of Korea
| | - YouYoung Jo
- Sericultural and Apicultural Materials Division, Department of Agricultural Biology; National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration; Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Gill Lee
- Sericultural and Apicultural Materials Division, Department of Agricultural Biology; National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration; Republic of Korea
| | - Chien-Chi Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis; Indianapolis Indiana
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27
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Wang HY, Zhang YQ. Processing silk hydrogel and its applications in biomedical materials. Biotechnol Prog 2015; 31:630-40. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Wang
- Silk Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Basic Medical and Biological Sciences; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 P R China
| | - Yu-Qing Zhang
- Silk Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Basic Medical and Biological Sciences; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 P R China
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28
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Lin N, Meng Z, Toh GW, Zhen Y, Diao Y, Xu H, Liu XY. Engineering of fluorescent emission of silk fibroin composite materials by material assembly. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:1205-1214. [PMID: 25270616 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201402079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This novel materials assembly technology endows the designated materials with additional/enhanced performance by fixing "functional components" into the materials. Such functional components are molecularly recognized and accommodated by the designated materials. In this regard, two-photon fluorescence (TPF) organic molecules and CdTe quantum dots (QDs) are adopted as functional components to functionalize silk fibers and films. TPF organic molecules, such as, 2,7-bis[2-(4-nitrophenyl) ethenyl]-9,9-dibutylfluorene (NM), exhibit TPF emission quenching because of the molecular stacking that leads to aggregation in the solid form. The specific recognition between -NO2 in the annealed fluorescent molecules and the -NH groups in the silk fibroin molecules decouples the aggregated molecules. This gives rise to a significant increase in the TPF quantum yields of the silk fibers. Similarly, as another type of functional components, CdTe quantum dots (QDs) with different sizes were also adopted in the silk functionalization method. Compared to QDs in solution the fluorescence properties of functionalized silk materials display a long stability at room temperature. As the functional materials are well dispersed at high quantum yields in the biocompatible silk a TPF microscope can be used to pursue 3D high-resolution imaging in real time of the TPF-silk scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naibo Lin
- Research Institute for Soft Matter and Biomimetics, College of Materials & Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P.R. China; College of Material Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P.R. China; Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542, Singapore
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29
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Dubey P, Nawale L, Sarkar D, Nisal A, Prabhune A. Sophorolipid assisted tunable and rapid gelation of silk fibroin to form porous biomedical scaffolds. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04317d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Faster gelation of silk fibroin using biosurfactants: sophorolipid, towards 3D scaffolds for biomedical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Dubey
- Biochemical Sciences Division
- National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune-411008
- India
| | - Laxman Nawale
- Combichem-Bioresource Center
- OCD
- National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune-411008
- India
| | - Dhiman Sarkar
- Combichem-Bioresource Center
- OCD
- National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune-411008
- India
| | - Anuya Nisal
- Polymer Science & Engineering Department
- National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune-411008
- India
| | - Asmita Prabhune
- Biochemical Sciences Division
- National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune-411008
- India
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30
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Sathaye S, Mbi A, Sonmez C, Chen Y, Blair DL, Schneider JP, Pochan DJ. Rheology of peptide- and protein-based physical hydrogels: Are everyday measurements just scratching the surface? WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 7:34-68. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Sathaye
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Delaware Biotechnology Institute; University of Delaware; Newark DE USA
| | - Armstrong Mbi
- Department of Physics; Georgetown University; Washington DC USA
| | - Cem Sonmez
- Department of Chemistry; University of Delaware; Newark DE USA
- Chemical Biology Laboratory; National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research; Frederick MD USA
| | - Yingchao Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Delaware Biotechnology Institute; University of Delaware; Newark DE USA
| | - Daniel L. Blair
- Department of Physics; Georgetown University; Washington DC USA
| | - Joel P. Schneider
- Chemical Biology Laboratory; National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research; Frederick MD USA
| | - Darrin J. Pochan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Delaware Biotechnology Institute; University of Delaware; Newark DE USA
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31
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Partlow BP, Hanna CW, Rnjak-Kovacina J, Moreau JE, Applegate MB, Burke KA, Marelli B, Mitropoulos AN, Omenetto FG, Kaplan DL. Highly tunable elastomeric silk biomaterials. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2014; 24:4615-4624. [PMID: 25395921 PMCID: PMC4225629 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201400526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Elastomeric, fully degradable and biocompatible biomaterials are rare, with current options presenting significant limitations in terms of ease of functionalization and tunable mechanical and degradation properties. We report a new method for covalently crosslinking tyrosine residues in silk proteins, via horseradish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide, to generate highly elastic hydrogels with tunable properties. The tunable mechanical properties, gelation kinetics and swelling properties of these new protein polymers, in addition to their ability to withstand shear strains on the order of 100%, compressive strains greater than 70% and display stiffness between 200 - 10,000 Pa, covering a significant portion of the properties of native soft tissues. Molecular weight and solvent composition allowed control of material mechanical properties over several orders of magnitude while maintaining high resilience and resistance to fatigue. Encapsulation of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) showed long term survival and exhibited cell-matrix interactions reflective of both silk concentration and gelation conditions. Further biocompatibility of these materials were demonstrated with in vivo evaluation. These new protein-based elastomeric and degradable hydrogels represent an exciting new biomaterials option, with a unique combination of properties, for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P. Partlow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St. Medford, MA 02155 (USA)
| | - Craig W. Hanna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St. Medford, MA 02155 (USA)
| | - Jelena Rnjak-Kovacina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St. Medford, MA 02155 (USA)
| | - Jodie E. Moreau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St. Medford, MA 02155 (USA)
| | - Matthew B. Applegate
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St. Medford, MA 02155 (USA)
| | - Kelly A. Burke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St. Medford, MA 02155 (USA)
| | - Benedetto Marelli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St. Medford, MA 02155 (USA)
| | | | - Fiorenzo G. Omenetto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St. Medford, MA 02155 (USA)
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St. Medford, MA 02155 (USA)
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Yang YJ, Kwon Y, Choi BH, Jung D, Seo JH, Lee KH, Cha HJ. Multifunctional Adhesive Silk Fibroin with Blending of RGD-Bioconjugated Mussel Adhesive Protein. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:1390-8. [DOI: 10.1021/bm500001n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jung Yang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Yunkyeoung Kwon
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Bong-Hyuk Choi
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Dooyup Jung
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Seo
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Ki Hoon Lee
- Department
of Biosystems and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Cha
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
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33
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Yang Y, Kwak HW, Lee KH. Effect of Residual Lithium Ions on the Structure and Cytotoxicity of Silk Fibroin Film. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.7852/ijie.2013.27.2.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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34
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Mandal B, Kaplan D. Biologic Biomaterials. Biomaterials 2012. [DOI: 10.1201/b13687-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Wu X, Hou J, Li M, Wang J, Kaplan DL, Lu S. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-induced rapid gelation of silk fibroin. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:2185-92. [PMID: 22406911 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The in situ formation of injectable silk fibroin (SF) hydrogels have potential advantages over various other biomaterials due to the minimal invasiveness during application. Biomaterials need to gel rapidly under physiological conditions after injection. In the current paper, a novel way to accelerate SF gelation using an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), as a gelling agent is reported. The mechanism of SDS-induced rapid gelation was determined. At low surfactant concentrations, hydrophobic interactions among the SF chains played a dominant role in the association, leading to decreased gelation time. At higher concentrations of surfactant, electrostatic repulsive forces among micellar aggregates gradually became dominant and gelation was hindered. Gel formation involves the connection of clusters formed by the accumulation of nanoparticles. This process is accompanied by the rapid formation of β-sheet structures due to hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. It is expected that the silk hydrogel with short gelation time will be used as an injectable hydrogel in drug delivery or cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilong Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
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Kundu J, Poole-Warren LA, Martens P, Kundu SC. Silk fibroin/poly(vinyl alcohol) photocrosslinked hydrogels for delivery of macromolecular drugs. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:1720-9. [PMID: 22285428 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are three-dimensional polymer networks widely used in biomedical applications as drug delivery and tissue engineered scaffolds to effectively repair or replace damaged tissue. In this paper we demonstrate a newly synthesized cytocompatible and drug releasing photo-crosslinked hydrogel based on poly(vinyl alcohol) methacrylate and silk fibroin which possesses tailorable structural and biological properties. The initial silk fibroin content was 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% with respect to the weight of poly(vinyl alcohol) methacrylate. The prepared hydrogels were characterized with respect to morphology, crystallinity, stability, swelling, mass loss and cytotoxicity. FITC-dextrans of different molecular weights were chosen as model drugs molecules for release studies from the hydrogels. The hydrogels containing different silk fibroin percentages showed differences in pore size and distribution. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that amorphous silk fibroin in poly(vinyl alcohol) methacrylate is crystallized to β-sheet secondary structure upon gelation. The sol fraction increased with increasing fibroin concentration in the co-polymer gel (from 18% to 45%), although the hydrogel extracts were non-cytotoxic. Similarly, the addition of silk fibroin increased water uptake by the gels (from 7% to 21%). FITC-dextran release from the hydrogels was dependent on the silk fibroin content and the molecular weight of encapsulated molecules. The study outlines a newer type of photo-crosslinked interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel that possess immense potential in drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydip Kundu
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
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37
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Cho HJ, Um IC. The Effect of Molecular Weight on the Gelation Behavior of Regenerated Silk Solutions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.7852/ijie.2011.23.1.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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38
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Numata K, Katashima T, Sakai T. State of Water, Molecular Structure, and Cytotoxicity of Silk Hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:2137-44. [DOI: 10.1021/bm200221u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Numata
- Enzyme Research Team, RIKEN Biomass Engineering Program, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takuya Katashima
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takamasa Sakai
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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39
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Silk fibroin as a vehicle for drug delivery applications. J Control Release 2011; 150:128-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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40
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Yan C, Pochan DJ. Rheological properties of peptide-based hydrogels for biomedical and other applications. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39:3528-40. [PMID: 20422104 PMCID: PMC3104857 DOI: 10.1039/b919449p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 522] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Peptide-based hydrogels are an important class of biomaterials finding use in food industry and potential use in tissue engineering, drug delivery and microfluidics. A primary experimental method to explore the physical properties of these hydrogels is rheology. A fundamental understanding of peptide hydrogel mechanical properties and underlying molecular mechanisms is crucial for determining whether these biomaterials are potentially suitable for biotechnological uses. In this critical review, we cover the literature containing rheological characterization of the physical properties of peptide and polypeptide-based hydrogels including hydrogel bulk mechanical properties, gelation mechanisms, and the behavior of hydrogels during and after flow (219 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Congqi Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Delaware Institute of Biotechnology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Darrin J. Pochan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Delaware Institute of Biotechnology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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41
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Dang Q, Lu S, Yu S, Sun P, Yuan Z. Silk Fibroin/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites: Effect of pH on the Conformational Transition and Clay Dispersion. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:1796-801. [DOI: 10.1021/bm1002398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Dang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shoudong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingchuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Silk from the Bombyx mori silkworm is a protein-based fiber. Bombyx mori silk fibroin (SF) is one of the most important candidates for biomedical porous material based on its superior machinability, biocompatibility, biodegradation, bioresorbability, and so on. In this paper, we have reviewed the key features of SF. Moreover we have focused on the morphous, technical processing, and biocompatibility of SF porous materials, followed by the application research. Finally, we provide a perspective the potential and problems of SF porous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mingzhong Li
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-512-6706-1150; Fax: +86-512-6724-6786
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45
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Abstract
This article provides an up-to-date review on the applications of natural polymers, i.e., proteins, as materials for tissue engineering. Proteins are one of the important candidates for tissue engineering materials based on their superior biocompatibility, biodegradation, bioresorbability, and so on. However, their inferior mechanical properties limit their broad application. Currently-available proteins for application in tissue engineering or drug delivery systems, such as fibrin, collagen, zein, silk fibroin, keratin, casein and albumin, and the biodegradation of tissue-engineered substitutes based on proteins are presented. Techniques of scaffold fabrication are also mentioned. Problems and future possibilities for development of protein-based tissue-engineered substitutes are also introduced in this review.
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46
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47
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pH-Triggered transition of silk fibroin from spherical micelles to nanofibrils in water. Macromol Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03218556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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48
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Lv Q, Hu K, Feng Q, Cui F. Fibroin/collagen hybrid hydrogels with crosslinking method: Preparation, properties, and cytocompatibility. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 84:198-207. [PMID: 17607763 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Substrate stiffness is an important physical factor in the response of many cell types. Although protein-based hydrogels are widely used as cell-culture substrates because of their resemblance to the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) and complex signaling, their rigidity should be further increased to facilitate the adhesion and growth of cells. In this study, fibroin/collagen hydrogels having suitable stiffness were prepared directly by adding 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminoprophy) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) in fibroin/collagen solution to induce crosslinking. The storage moduli of these crosslinked hydrogels are above 3 kPa, and even exceed 10 kPa, having stronger mechanical strength than that of previously reported protein-based hydrogels. Furthermore, the crosslinked hydrogels can maintain their configuration above 80(o)C, which proves their increased thermal stability. Although crosslinked, the hydrogels still maintain the mobility of fibroin molecules. The growth of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in fibroin/collagen gels indicates that the crosslinking reaction has no negative influence on the biocompatibility of fibroin/collagen hydrogels. The fibroin/collagen hydrogels are more propitious to the growth of cells compared with fibroin/collagen scaffolds. Because of their inherent biocompatibility, excellent mechanical and thermal properties, and green preparation process, the fibroin/collagen hydrogels would become promising scaffolds for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Lv
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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49
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Abstract
Silks are fibrous proteins with remarkable mechanical properties produced in fiber form by silkworms and spiders. Silk fibers in the form of sutures have been used for centuries. Recently regenerated silk solutions have been used to form a variety of biomaterials, such as gels, sponges and films, for medical applications. Silks can be chemically modified through amino acid side chains to alter surface properties or to immobilize cellular growth factors. Molecular engineering of silk sequences has been used to modify silks with specific features, such as cell recognition or mineralization. The degradability of silk biomaterials can be related to the mode of processing and the corresponding content of beta sheet crystallinity. Several primary cells and cell lines have been successfully grown on different silk biomaterials to demonstrate a range of biological outcomes. Silk biomaterials are biocompatible when studied in vitro and in vivo. Silk scaffolds have been successfully used in wound healing and in tissue engineering of bone, cartilage, tendon and ligament tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Vepari
- Departments of Chemical & Biological Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Room 153, Medford, MA 02155, Tel: 617-627-3251, ,
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50
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Tao W, Li M, Zhao C. Structure and properties of regenerated Antheraea pernyi silk fibroin in aqueous solution. Int J Biol Macromol 2007; 40:472-8. [PMID: 17173967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2006.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2006] [Revised: 11/12/2006] [Accepted: 11/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Antheraea pernyi silk fibroin fibers were dissolved by aqueous lithium thiocyanate to obtain regenerated A. pernyi silk fibroin solution. By means of circular dichroism, (13)C NMR and Raman spectroscopy, the molecular conformation of regenerated A. pernyi silk fibroin in aqueous solution was investigated. The relationship of environmental factors and sol-gel transformation behavior of regenerated A. pernyi silk fibroin was also studied. The molecular conformations of regenerated A. pernyi silk fibroin mainly were alpha-helix and random coil in solution. There also existed a little beta-sheet conformation. It was obviously different with Bombyx mori silk fibroin, whose molecular conformation in solution was only random coil but no alpha-helix existence. With the increase of temperature and solution concentration and with the decrease of solution pH value, the gelation velocity of regenerated A. pernyi silk fibroin solution increased. Especially, it showed that A. pernyi silk fibroin was more sensitive to temperature than B. mori silk fibroin during the sol-gel transformation. The velocity increased obviously when the temperature was above 30 degrees C. During the sol-gel transformation, the molecular conformation of regenerated A. pernyi silk fibroin changed from random coil to beta-sheet structure. The results of these studies provided important insight into the preparation of new biomaterials by silk fibroin protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tao
- School of Material Engineering, Stem Cell Research Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Suzhou University, Campus Box 64, No. 178 East Gan-Jiang Road, Suzhou 215021, China
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