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Pisano T, Gori S, De Luca L, Fiorentini G, Minghetti S, Nocentini A, Menesini E. Peer victimization and developmental psychopathology in childhood and adolescence Italian psychiatric emergency unit. A single center retrospective observational study. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:2147-2155. [PMID: 32816557 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2020.1810721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Peer victimization is a public health concern that affects a significant proportion of children and adolescents. The study evaluated the prevalence of peer victimization among 440 subjects referred to Emergency Department for a psychiatric consultation and analyzed the association with psychopathological symptoms. Sample was divided into two categories (6-13 and 14-18 years old). Logistics regression analysis was performed. Peer victimized were reported in 16.3% of subjects; 27.7% were younger than13 years old and 72.3% were between 14-18 years old, representing the main targets for peer victimization.A significant association was found between being peer victimized and depressive disorder (OR=4.57) in subjects younger than 13 years old and, with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)(OR=6.52) in subjects older than 13 years old. Furthermore, linkage between being peer victimized and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)(OR=4.45) was noted. Increased frequency of repeated hospitalizations was also documented.This is the first Italian study about children and adolescent peer victimization in psychiatric setting, showing a significant higher risk for depressive disorder in subjects younger than 13 years old and PTSD and OCD in subjects older than 13 years old. Investigating experiences of peer victimization provides an early diagnosis and a more efficient treatment plans, guaranteeing an improved clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Pisano
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Gori
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Lisa De Luca
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures and Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giada Fiorentini
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures and Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Minghetti
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Annalaura Nocentini
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures and Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ersilia Menesini
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures and Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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2
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Maffeis C, Olivieri F, Valerio G, Verduci E, Licenziati MR, Calcaterra V, Pelizzo G, Salerno M, Staiano A, Bernasconi S, Buganza R, Crinò A, Corciulo N, Corica D, Destro F, Di Bonito P, Di Pietro M, Di Sessa A, deSanctis L, Faienza MF, Filannino G, Fintini D, Fornari E, Franceschi R, Franco F, Franzese A, Giusti LF, Grugni G, Iafusco D, Iughetti L, Lera R, Limauro R, Maguolo A, Mancioppi V, Manco M, Del Giudice EM, Morandi A, Moro B, Mozzillo E, Rabbone I, Peverelli P, Predieri B, Purromuto S, Stagi S, Street ME, Tanas R, Tornese G, Umano GR, Wasniewska M. The treatment of obesity in children and adolescents: consensus position statement of the Italian society of pediatric endocrinology and diabetology, Italian Society of Pediatrics and Italian Society of Pediatric Surgery. Ital J Pediatr 2023; 49:69. [PMID: 37291604 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-023-01458-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This Position Statement updates the different components of the therapy of obesity (lifestyle intervention, drugs, and surgery) in children and adolescents, previously reported in the consensus position statement on pediatric obesity of the Italian Society of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology and the Italian Society of Pediatrics. Lifestyle intervention is the first step of treatment. In children older than 12 years, pharmacotherapy is the second step, and bariatric surgery is the third one, in selected cases. Novelties are available in the field of the medical treatment of obesity. In particular, new drugs demonstrated their efficacy and safety and have been approved in adolescents. Moreover, several randomized control trials with other drugs are in process and it is likely that some of them will become available in the future. The increase of the portfolio of treatment options for obesity in children and adolescents is promising for a more effective treatment of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Maffeis
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Section of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Olivieri
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Section of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Giuliana Valerio
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Deparment of Pediatrics, Department of Health Science, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Licenziati
- Department of Neurosciences, Neuro-Endocrine Diseases and Obesity Unit, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gloria Pelizzo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariacarolina Salerno
- Department of Traslational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Staiano
- Department of Traslational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Raffaele Buganza
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonino Crinò
- Autoimmune Endocrine Diseases Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Domenico Corica
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca Destro
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Procolo Di Bonito
- Department of Internal Medicine, S. Maria Delle Grazie Hospital, Naples, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Mario Di Pietro
- Pediatric and Neonatal Unit, Hospital of Teramo and Atri, Teramo, Italy
| | - Anna Di Sessa
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa deSanctis
- Department of Sciences of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Felicia Faienza
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionan Area, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Danilo Fintini
- Refernce Center for Prader Willi Syndrome, Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Fornari
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Section of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Franco
- Pediatric Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria del Friuli Centrale, Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Adriana Franzese
- Department of Traslational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Lia Franca Giusti
- Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology (SIEDP), Lucca, Italy
| | - Graziano Grugni
- Division of Auxology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Verbania, Italy
| | - Dario Iafusco
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Iughetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Mother, Children and Adults, Pediatric Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Riccardo Lera
- Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology (SIEDP), Alessandria, Italy
| | | | - Alice Maguolo
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Section of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Valentina Mancioppi
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Section of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Melania Manco
- Research Area for Multifactorial Diseases, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Anita Morandi
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Section of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Beatrice Moro
- UOSD Diabetology, Complesso Ai Colli, AULSS 6 Euganea, Padua, Italy
| | - Enza Mozzillo
- Department of Traslational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ivana Rabbone
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Paola Peverelli
- Department of Pediatrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Belluno, Belluno, Italy
| | - Barbara Predieri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Mother, Children and Adults, Pediatric Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Stagi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Elisabeth Street
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Paediatrics, University of Parma, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Rita Tanas
- Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology (SIEDP), Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tornese
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Rosaria Umano
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Malgorzata Wasniewska
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Tone EB, Henrich CC. Peer victimization and social confidence in youth with disabilities. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2023.101519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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Klupp S, Grob A, Möhring W. Gait Variability Relates to Prosocial, Emotional and Risk-Taking Behavior in Typically Developing Children. Percept Mot Skills 2023; 130:191-207. [PMID: 36476170 PMCID: PMC10014900 DOI: 10.1177/00315125221143966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Motor skills enable multi-facetted interactions with the environment and allow children to develop social skills and respond appropriately to situational social demands when interacting with peers and adults. Previous research with clinical samples (e.g., children diagnosed with Developmental Coordination Disorder) showed that children's motor skills are closely linked to their psychosocial behavior (e.g., prosocial, hyperactive, inattentive, interpersonal), but studies with typically developing children are rare. We sought to fill this research gap by examining relationships between gait variability as an indicator of motor skills and prosocial behavior, problem behavior, and risk-taking behavior in typically developing children. Participants were a large cross-section of 7-13-year-olds (N = 221). They were asked to walk normally across an electronic pathway (GAITRite). We assessed their gait variability (i.e., stride time, stride length and stride velocity). Their parents completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire that assessed their child's prosocial behavior, hyperactivity, emotional symptoms, and any conduct or peer relationship problems. Parents also provided information on an adapted scale of the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire assessing risk-taking behavior. We used multilevel modeling to account for individual interdependence and to analyze the maximum number of strides for each participant. Children with greater stride length variability and velocity showed significantly less prosocial behavior, had more emotional symptoms and demonstrated less risk-taking behavior. Stride time variability was not significantly related to any variables. These results align with past findings that gait is sensitive to motor skill differences, and they extend past findings of these associations between gait and facets of intra- and interpersonal characteristics among children within clinical disorders to typically developing children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Klupp
- Department of Psychology, 27209University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Grob
- Department of Psychology, 27209University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wenke Möhring
- Department of Psychology, 27209University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Educational and Health Psychology, University of Education Schwäbisch Gmünd, Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany
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Bejerot S, Ståtenhag L, Glans MR. Below average motor skills predict victimization from childhood bullies: A study of adults with ADHD. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 153:269-275. [PMID: 35853352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Children with ADHD are frequently clumsy and involved in bullying, both as victims and perpetrators. The relationship between motor skills and bully status is poorly understood. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of motor skills in childhood on bully victimization/perpetration in those with ADHD. In this cross-sectional study, 403 adults diagnosed with ADHD filled out a questionnaire on their recall of bully victimization, bully perpetration, performance in physical education (PE) (defined as performance below average in i.e., ball dexterity, coordination or agility) as a proxy for motor skills, and academic skills at age 12, as compared to their peers. Of the current sample, 63% remembered being victimized and 31% noted they were perpetrators. Thirty-two percent recalled that they performed below average in PE. Being diagnosed with ADHD and having poor motor skills was strongly associated with bully victimization (OR = 2.63; 95% CI:1.62, 4.27, p < .001). Victimization was more common during all measured time periods, from nursery school until the age of 15, among those with poor performance in PE as compared to those without poor performance. No relationship was found between poor motor skills and bully perpetration. CONCLUSION: A crucial role of the cerebellum is coordination and the linking of sequenced motor actions through milli-second timing. Aberrations in this ability makes a person present as "different", which was stated as the most common reason for social exclusion by other children. Therefore, subtle clumsiness (presumed by poor performance in PE class) is suggested to mirror deficits in social skills, which is intuitively observed by peers, leading to victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bejerot
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University Health Care Research Centre, Örebro University Campus USÖ, 70182, Örebro, Sweden; School of Medical Sciences Örebro, Örebro University Campus USÖ, 70182, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Lovisa Ståtenhag
- School of Medical Sciences Örebro, Örebro University Campus USÖ, 70182, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Martin R Glans
- School of Medical Sciences Örebro, Örebro University Campus USÖ, 70182, Örebro, Sweden
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Manzano-Sánchez D. Physical Education Classes and Responsibility: The Importance of Being Responsible in Motivational and Psychosocial Variables. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10394. [PMID: 36012028 PMCID: PMC9407863 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this research work was to analyse the different profiles that can be identified, based on levels of responsibility in relation to Self-Determination Theory, school climate and violence in Physical Education classes. For this, a total of 470 students of Compulsory Secondary Education or Baccalaureate were given a questionnaire where aspects related to motivation, basic psychological needs, responsibility, school social climate and violence were analysed. An analysis of these profiles was conducted, taking into account the variables of "personal responsibility" and "social responsibility", with the results leading to the conclusion that three profiles exist: "low responsibility" (n = 89), "moderate responsibility" (n = 187) and "high responsibility" (n = 194). The results reflected statistically significant differences in all the variables between the three profiles. The high responsibility cluster obtained significantly higher values for the different constructs of motivation (except in external regulation, where there were no differences, compared to the "moderate responsibility" group), basic psychological needs and school social climate. On the other hand, it obtained lower values in amotivation and violence, with no differences based on the sex or age of the participants in the distribution of the clusters. It is concluded that the more responsible profile can have positive results in psychological variables in Physical Education classes and in the general educational field. For this reason, the use of active methodologies, which have been extensively studied to promote responsibility in PE classes, could be an appropriate strategy to achieve a more adaptive psychological profile regardless of the gender or age of the students.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Manzano-Sánchez
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, Santiago de la Rivera S/N, 30720 Murcia, Spain
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Iyanda AE. Bullying Victimization of Children with Mental, Emotional, and Developmental or Behavioral (MEDB) Disorders in the United States. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2022; 15:221-233. [PMID: 35600527 PMCID: PMC9120290 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-021-00368-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Though preventable, children with disabilities have a high risk of victimization, contributing to worsening health conditions. Hence, this study examined the exposure of school-age children with mental, emotional, developmental, or behavioral (MEDB) disorder to bully victimization. This study used the 2018 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) data of 23,494 children ages 5-17 to estimate multilevel logistic regression with fixed and random effects. Children's health conditions were treated as level one variables, while family poverty level and neighborhood characteristics such as vandalism and presence/absence of recreational centers were treated as level two variables. The paper presents the prevalence of bullying victimization among children with at least one disorder (MDBB = 39.5%), anxiety (20.6%), depression (10.8%), ADD/ADHD (18.3%), behavioral problems (14.9%), learning disability (11.9%), Tourette syndrome (0.5%), developmental delay (10.1%), Autism spectrum disorder (4.6%), speech disorder (10.7), and intellectual disability (1.6%), respectively. Bullying victimization was positively associated with anxiety (AOR = 1.995, 95% CI = 1.634-2.436), depression (AOR = 2.688, 95% CI = 2.031-3.557), developmental delay (AOR = 1.804, 95% CI = 1.422-2.288), but inversely associated with Autism spectrum disorder (AOR = 0.614, 95% CI = 0.399-0.946). Neighborhood disorganization and poverty were also associated with bullying victimization. The NSCH data suggests that children with disabilities in the US had a higher prevalence rate of victimization. Consequently, effective bullying prevention strategies that can protect and improve children's quality of life with special needs should be prioritized. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40653-021-00368-8.
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Øksendal E, Brandlistuen RE, Holte A, Wang MV. Associations between poor gross and fine motor skills in pre-school and peer victimization concurrently and longitudinally with follow-up in school age - results from a population-based study. BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 92:e12464. [PMID: 34729762 DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with poor motor skills are at increased risk of peer victimization. However, it is unclear whether poor gross and fine motor skills are differently linked to peer victimization among pre-school and schoolchildren. AIMS To investigate associations between poor gross and fine motor skills measured in pre-school and the associations to peer victimization measured concurrently and in school age. SAMPLE Data from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), and the Medical Birth Registry of Norway were used. Participants with complete questionnaires at 3, 5, and 8 years (n = 23 215) were included. METHODS A longitudinal design and an autoregressive cross-lagged model were used to investigate if poor gross and fine motor skills at 3 and 5 years predicted peer victimization at 5 and 8 years. Because emotional difficulties are associated with both motor skills and peer victimization, the results were adjusted for emotional difficulties. RESULTS Only poor fine motor skills at 3 years had a significant association to peer victimization at 5 years. Poor gross motor skills at 5 years had a stronger association to peer victimization measured concurrently compared to poor fine motor skills, and only poor fine motor skills at 5 years was significantly linked to peer victimization at 8 years. No gender difference was found between these paths. CONCLUSIONS Teachers and parents should be aware that motor skills predict peer victimization, and that poor gross and fine motor skills have different associations to peer victimization measured at different ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Øksendal
- Department of Research and Development, The Norwegian National Service of Special Needs Education (Statped), Oslo, Norway.,Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Arne Holte
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari Vaage Wang
- Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Liu Y, Mendonça M, Bartmann P, Wolke D. Very preterm birth and trajectories of domain-specific self-concept from childhood into adulthood. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 34:1-12. [PMID: 34414877 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421000432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Self-concept refers to individuals' perceptions of themselves in specific domains and is closely related with their overall self-esteem. Lower self-esteem has been reported in those born preterm (<37 weeks gestation), but the development of self-concept has not been studied in this population. This study investigates whether differences in trajectories of domain-specific self-concepts are explained by premature birth or other risk factors, using the Bavarian Longitudinal Study (N = 460), a population-based study of very preterm (VP; <32 weeks gestation)/very low birth weight (VLBW; <1500 g) cohort and term-born controls. Trajectories of body and social self-concept from 6 to 26 years of age were estimated using latent class growth analysis. Regression models examined the effects of VP/VLBW and other individual, social, and family factors. Two trajectories - one stable and one decreasing - were identified for both self-concepts. VP/VLBW birth was associated with decreasing self-concept in both domains, although the effect of VP/VLBW on social self-concept was weakened in the adjusted analysis. Furthermore, mediated pathways were found from VP/VLBW to decreasing social self-concept via chronic bullying (β = 0.05, 95% CI [0.002, 0.12]) and motor impairments (β = 0.04, 95% CI [0.01, 0.07]), suggesting that negative self-concept in the VP/VLBW population is partially modifiable through improving peer relationships and motor impairments in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Liu
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Marina Mendonça
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Peter Bartmann
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter Wolke
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Multilateral teaching in physical education improves resilience and self-efficacy in adolescents and could help reduce bullying behaviors. PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORT. STUDIES AND RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/pcssr-2021-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Youth with higher levels of resilience and self-efficacy are less likely to engage in aggressive behaviors or be victims of bullying. Previous anti-bullying approaches have often achieved no reduction in bullying behavior. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of 12 weeks of extracurricular multilateral teaching on the risk for students (aged 14–16 years) to be involved in bullying. Sixty male students were allocated to an experimental group (n = 30) that performed psychoeducational activities combined with physical exercise training and team games (90 min, 2d · week–1) or a control group (n = 30). Before and after the intervention, we used the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-28) to assess individual capacities and resources, relationship with primary caregiver, contextual factors, and total resilience; and the Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Children (SEQ-C) to measure academic, social, emotional, and total self-efficacy. Four participants from the experimental group withdrew. Significant improvements of crucial relevance were found for the resilience and self-efficacy scales (p < 0.05) in the experimental group. We found that multilateral teaching may improve resilience and self-efficacy in adolescents and make them less likely to engage in aggressive behavior or be bullied. Multilateral teaching should be considered an effective alternative to the anti-bullying approach, highlighting the crucial role of physical education teachers in the promotion of proactive educational strategies to reduce bullying behaviors.
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Liang K, Chi X, Chen ST, Clark CCT, Zhang Y, Wang J. Food Insecurity and Bullying Victimization Among 170,618 Adolescents in 59 Countries. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:766804. [PMID: 34858236 PMCID: PMC8631901 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.766804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bullying victimization can impose long-lasting impacts on adolescent's current and subsequent well-being. Understanding the correlates of bullying victimization and how to prevent its occurrence is an urgent need. Food insecurity, an indicator of low socioeconomic status, may be related to bullying victimization. However, research on the association between food insecurity and bullying victimization is limited. Using a representative global sample, this study aimed to investigate the association between food insecurity and bullying victimization in adolescents and whether the association varied between country income levels, sexes, and age groups. Methods: Using cross-sectional, school-based data by 170,618 adolescents in 59 countries from the Global School-based Student Health Survey, multivariable logistic regression and meta-analysis were conducted to investigate the overall, country-stratified, sex-stratified, and age-stratified associations. Results: The prevalence of bullying victimization was 33.3%. In the total sample, adolescents with food insecurity showed significantly higher odds for bullying victimization than those without no food insecurity with a pooled odds ratio (OR) being 1.37 (1.28, 1.47). Further, the association was stronger in higher-income countries, females, and older adolescents. Conclusions: Bullying victimization is prevalent among global adolescents with food insecurity being a significant correlate. The identification of adolescents with perceptions of food insecurity and remedying this condition may be important to reduce the prevalence of bullying. This highlights the need to design and implement sex- and age-specific interventions focusing on remedying food insecurity and bullying victimization among in-school adolescents by taking country income levels into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixin Liang
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinli Chi
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Si-Tong Chen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Yanjie Zhang
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Physical Education Unit, School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Public Policy and Management, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, China.,Urban Management Research Center, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, China.,Department of Psychology, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
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Hirvikoski T, Lajic S, Jokinen J, Renhorn E, Trillingsgaard A, Kadesjö B, Gillberg C, Borg J. Using the five to fifteen-collateral informant questionnaire for retrospective assessment of childhood symptoms in adults with and without autism or ADHD. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 30:1367-1381. [PMID: 32710229 PMCID: PMC8440248 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01600-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Due to lack of previous studies, we aimed at evaluating the use of the Five to Fifteen (FTF) questionnaire in adults with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) and in controls without NDD. The NDD group consisted of adults with autism spectrum disorder ASD (n = 183) or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (n = 174) without intellectual disability, recruited from a tertiary outpatient clinic. A web survey was used to collect data from general population adult control group without NDD (n = 738). The participants were retrospectively rated by their parents regarding childhood symptoms, using five to fifteen-collateral informant questionnaire (FTF-CIQ). Adults with NDD had higher FTF-CIQ domain and subdomain scores than controls, and displayed similar test profiles as children with corresponding diagnosis in previous studies. Based on the FTF-CIQ domain scores, 84.2% of the study participants (93% of the controls; 64% of the adults with NDD) were correctly classified in a logistic regression analysis. Likewise, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis on FTF-CIQ total sum score indicated that a cut-off value of 20.50 correctly classified 90% of the controls and 67% of the clinical cases, whilst a cut-off value of 30.50 correctly classified 84% of the controls and 77% of the clinical cases. The factor analysis revealed three underlying components: learning difficulties, cognitive and executive functions; social skills and emotional/behavioural symptoms; as well as motor and perceptual skills. Whilst not designed as a diagnostic instrument, the FTF-CIQ may be useful for providing information on childhood symptoms and associated difficulties in individuals assessed for NDD as adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatja Hirvikoski
- Pediatric Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Habilitation and Health, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders at Karolinska Institutet (KIND), CAP Research Center, Gävlegatan 22B, 11330, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - S Lajic
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska InstitutetKarolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Jokinen
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Renhorn
- Pediatric Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Habilitation and Health, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - B Kadesjö
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C Gillberg
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J Borg
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Øksendal E, Brandlistuen RE, Holte A, Wang MV. Peer-Victimization of Young Children With Developmental and Behavioral Difficulties-A Population-Based Study. J Pediatr Psychol 2020; 44:589-600. [PMID: 30816959 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsy112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim is to investigate if young children with developmental and behavioral difficulties (DBDs) have greater risk of peer-victimization compared with typically developing (TD) children. METHOD The sample was drawn from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). MoBa has collected population-based data on children's health and development for 114,500 children. We included children that were 5 years of age (n = 41,609). Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the effect of different DBDs and of co-occurring DBDs on peer-victimization compared with TD children. Categories of DBDs included autistic traits, emotional difficulties, behavioral difficulties, general learning difficulties, attention difficulties/impulsive behavior, motor development difficulties, language difficulties, and hearing and vision difficulties. Results were adjusted for socioeconomic status and the child's sex. RESULTS Peer-victimization was 2.8% (933) among TD children, and 8.0% (615) among children with DBD. The highest risk of peer-victimization was found among children with autistic traits and children with five or more co-occurring DBDs (adjusted odds ratios [ORs] = 12.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] 8.64-18.84; p ≤ .001) and 17.37 (95% CI 12.15-24.82; p ≤ .001)], respectively. The lowest risk was found among children with hearing and vision difficulties and children with only one DBD [adjusted ORs = 1.98 (95% CI 1.71-2.29; p ≤ .001) and 1.95 (95% CI 1.70-2.22; p ≤ .001)]. CONCLUSION Children with DBD have a substantially higher risk of peer-victimization compared with TD children. Peer-victimization varies with type of DBD and increases cumulatively by number of DBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Øksendal
- Department of Research and Development, The Norwegian National Service of Special Needs (Statped).,Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health
| | | | - Arne Holte
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo
| | - Mari Vaage Wang
- Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health
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Risk and Protective Factors for Bullying at 11 Years of Age in a Spanish Birth Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124428. [PMID: 32575610 PMCID: PMC7345051 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Bullying affects a large number of children worldwide. This study has two objectives, to provide data on the prevalence of bullying in Spain, and to identify risk and protective factors associated with bullying. (2) Methods: Participants were 858 eleven-year-old children. Bullying was assessed using a short version of the Olweus Bully Victim Questionnaire, and the following data were gathered to explore potential predictors: individual (inattention, behavior problems, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptomatology, traumatic life events), family-related (sociodemographic characteristics, family context, child-parent relations), school-related (school characteristics, peer and social support, school environment) and community-related data. (3) Results: 9.3% of the children were victims, 1.4% bullies and 1.6% bully-victims. Results showed that a higher level of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptomatology increased the risk of victimization, whereas having better relationships with parents and stronger social support were associated with a lower risk of victimization. Children having strong peer relationships and social support was also associated with less risk of perpetrating bullying. Finally, having behavior problems at 8 years of age was associated with being a bully-victim. (4) Conclusions: The findings emphasize the importance of studying all bullying predictors together, regarding three of the roles children may take in bullying situations.
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Garmy P, Hansson E, Vilhjálmsson R, Kristjánsdóttir G. Bullying and Pain in School-Aged Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study. SAGE Open Nurs 2019; 5:2377960819887556. [PMID: 33415258 PMCID: PMC7774399 DOI: 10.1177/2377960819887556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bullying is defined as repeated and unwanted aggressive behavior involving a
power imbalance and hurt children and adolescents’ socioemotional functioning.
The aim is to investigate associations between pain (headache, stomach pain,
backache, and neck/shoulder pain) and bullying among school-aged children and
adolescents. This cross-sectional school-based survey comes from the Icelandic
data set in the international research network Health Behaviour in School-Aged
Children. The study population included all Icelandic students in Grades 6, 8,
and 10 (ages 11, 13, and 15 years, respectively; participation rate, 84%;
n = 10,626). An anonymous standardized questionnaire was
distributed and completed by students in their classrooms. About every 8 in 10
bullied students reported weekly pain (79%), compared with little over half of
nonbullied students (57%). The prevalence of pain was significantly higher among
bullied students compared with their nonbullied peers. Being a bullying victim
was associated with an increased frequency of experiencing headaches,
stomachaches, and back pain, in addition to neck or shoulder pain. It is
important for mental health nurses and health professionals to ask about pain
when meeting with children and adolescents as well as to inquire about their
peer relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernilla Garmy
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Sweden.,Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Health Promotion Centre, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Erika Hansson
- Faculty of Education, Kristianstad University, Sweden
| | | | - Gudrún Kristjánsdóttir
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Méndez I, Ruiz-Esteban C, Ortega E. Impact of the Physical Activity on Bullying. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1520. [PMID: 31312164 PMCID: PMC6614442 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Relationship problems among school children can lead to bullying situations. In this regard, it should be noted that, among healthy lifestyle habits, sports practice (non-competitive) promotes responsibility and improves coexistence. The objective of the present study was to analyze the incidence of the frequency of practice of healthy physical activity on the risks of students directly involved in school bullying (harasser and victim) by gender. The participants of the study were 1,248 students of Compulsory Secondary Education with ages between 11 and 18 (M = 14.42, SD = 1.43), being 50.8% males. The results of the study indicated that students who practiced physical activity in the recommended frequency rated as healthy, at least four or more times per week, had higher values in the indicators of aggressiveness than students who practiced with a lower frequency, appreciating a greater relationship between both variables in male rather than in female students. The study will make progress in preventive and intervention programs whose central axis is the promotion of physical activity and healthy sport (non-competitive) among students involved in situations of bullying. Likewise, teacher training in the recognition of bullying is considered a priority, providing them with guidelines for action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Méndez
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Education, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Cecilia Ruiz-Esteban
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Education, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Enrique Ortega
- Department of Physical Activity and Sports, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Mayo D, Bolden KA, Simon TJ, Niendam TA. Bullying and psychosis: The impact of chronic traumatic stress on psychosis risk in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome - a uniquely vulnerable population. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 114:99-104. [PMID: 31054456 PMCID: PMC6564673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bullying is an adverse childhood experience that is more common among youth with special needs and is associated with increased psychopathology throughout the lifespan. Individuals with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q) represent one group of special needs youth who are at increased risk for bullying due to co-occurring genetically-mediated developmental, physical, and learning difficulties. Furthermore, individuals with 22q are at increased risk for developing psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. However, there is a paucity of research exploring the impact of bullying on individuals with 22q and the possible impact this has on risk for psychosis in this population. To explore this relationship using existing research the goals of the review are: (i) to explore the nature of bullying among youth with special needs, and (ii) to discuss its potential role as a specific risk factor in the development of adverse outcomes, including psychosis symptoms. We reviewed the relationship between bullying and its short and long-term effects on the cognitive, social, and developmental functioning of typically developing individuals and those with special needs. We propose an interactive relationship between trauma, stress, and increased psychosis risk among youth with 22q with a history of bullying. The early childhood experience of trauma in the form of bullying promotes an altered developmental trajectory that may elevate the risk for maladaptive functioning and subsequent psychotic disorders, particularly in youth with genetic vulnerabilities. Therefore, we conclude the experience of bullying among individuals with 22q should be more closely examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danessa Mayo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Imaging Research Center, USA; Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Khalima A Bolden
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Imaging Research Center, USA.
| | - Tony J Simon
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Tara A Niendam
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Imaging Research Center, USA
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Alexius SL, Mocellin MC, Corrêa EN, Neves JD, Vasconcelos FDAGD, Corso ACT. Evidences of the association between individual attributes and bullying: a cross-sectional study with adolescents from Florianópolis, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2018; 34:e00118617. [PMID: 30570038 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00118617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of bullying and to verify the association between nutritional status, demographic and socioeconomic factors, and individual attributes among schoolchildren aged from 11 to 14 years. This is cross-sectional study with a probabilistic sample of 975 adolescents attending public and private schools in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Bullying was investigated with a self-administered questionnaire by applying Item Response Theory and dichotomized according to victimization or not. Body mass index (BMI) was classified according to the World Health Organization criteria. Data such as age, school type and location, household income, as well as the education background of the parents were collected by a questionnaire given to the parents. Crude and adjusted analyses were performed using logistic regression. The prevalence of victims of bullying and of overweight/obese adolescents was 13.2% and 29%, respectively. No association was found between bullying and age, sex, school type, mother's education, household income, and overweight/obesity. The crude analysis model indicated that overweight/obese adolescents and those with individual attributes (fat, thin, tall, short, good-looking, ugly, from a different ethnic background, rich, poor, with a disability and/or other) had a greater chance of being bullied. In the analysis model adjusted by household income and stratified by sex, boys were discriminated for being fat, good-looking, ugly, or for having a disability, while girls were discriminated for being fat, tall, short, ugly, rich, poor, among other individual attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Janaina das Neves
- Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brasil
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19
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Chagas DV, Ozmun J, Batista LA. The relationships between gross motor coordination and sport-specific skills in adolescent non-athletes. HUMAN MOVEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/humo-2017-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPurpose. While the usefulness of gross motor coordination score as predictor of sports performance in young athletes has been demonstrated, practical applications in the settings where the focus is not on elite performance is limited. Further, little is known about the extent to which gross motor coordination score is associated with sport-specific skills among adolescent nonathletes. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between the degree of gross motor coordination and execution in specific volleyball tests among adolescent non-athletes. Methods. The total of 34 students (27 females and 7 males) aged 13-14 years who regularly participated in volleyball during physical education classes were randomly recruited. Gross motor coordination was assessed with the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder. Motor performance on volley-specific skills was indicated by two product-oriented tasks: volleyball under service and service reception. Correlation and linear regression analyses were applied to examine the associations between motor coordination scores and motor performance in volley-specific skills. Results. Motor coordination score was positively correlated with motor performance on specific skills (r = 0.503, p = 0.02). Linear regression analysis revealed that motor coordination score accounted for 23% of the variance in the motor performance on volleyball skills (R
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Glans M, Bejerot S, Humble MB. Generalised joint hypermobility and neurodevelopmental traits in a non-clinical adult population. BJPsych Open 2017; 3:236-242. [PMID: 28959454 PMCID: PMC5615214 DOI: 10.1192/bjpo.bp.116.004325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generalised joint hypermobility (GJH) is reportedly overrepresented among clinical cases of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and developmental coordination disorder (DCD). It is unknown if these associations are dimensional and, therefore, also relevant among non-clinical populations. AIMS To investigate if GJH correlates with sub-syndromal neurodevelopmental symptoms in a normal population. METHOD Hakim-Grahame's 5-part questionnaire (5PQ) on GJH, neuropsychiatric screening scales measuring ADHD and ASD traits, and a DCD-related question concerning clumsiness were distributed to a non-clinical, adult, Swedish population (n=1039). RESULTS In total, 887 individuals met our entry criteria. We found no associations between GJH and sub-syndromal symptoms of ADHD, ASD or DCD. CONCLUSIONS Although GJH is overrepresented in clinical cases with neurodevelopmental disorders, such an association seems absent in a normal population. Thus, if GJH serves as a biomarker cutting across diagnostic boundaries, this association is presumably limited to clinical populations. DECLARATION OF INTEREST None. COPYRIGHT AND USAGE © The Royal College of Psychiatrists 2017. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Non-Commercial, No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Glans
- , MD, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Susanne Bejerot
- , MD, PhD, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; University Health Care Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats B Humble
- , MD, PhD, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; University Health Care Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Gagnon-Roy M, Jasmin E, Camden C. Social participation of teenagers and young adults with developmental co-ordination disorder and strategies that could help them: results from a scoping review. Child Care Health Dev 2016; 42:840-851. [PMID: 27481762 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of developmental co-ordination disorder (DCD) on teenagers' and young adults' participation is not well documented. This article aims to synthesize the current knowledge on social participation, which is the performance of an individual in realizing his or her daily activities and social roles within its life environment. Strategies and interventions to support youths (15-25 years old) with DCD were also synthesized. METHODS A scoping review interrogating three databases and using 'snowballing techniques' was performed to identify both scientific and grey literature published between 2004 and 2014. Over 1000 documents were screened and 57 were read in full; 28 met inclusion criteria. A charting form based on 12 life habits described in the disability creation process and developed by two reviewers was used to extract data and report the results. RESULTS All life habits were reported to be affected for teenagers and young adults with DCD, with education and interpersonal relationships being the most frequently discussed. During adolescence and adulthood, new tasks and subsequent difficulties emerge, such as driving. Mental health difficulties emerged as a key theme. Few strategies and interventions were described to support social participation of youths with DCD. CONCLUSION Many life habits are challenging for youths with DCD, but few evidence-based strategies and interventions have been designed to help them to increase their social participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gagnon-Roy
- Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
| | - E Jasmin
- School of Rehabilitation, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - C Camden
- School of Rehabilitation, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Hagmann-von Arx P, Manicolo O, Lemola S, Grob A. Walking in School-Aged Children in a Dual-Task Paradigm Is Related to Age But Not to Cognition, Motor Behavior, Injuries, or Psychosocial Functioning. Front Psychol 2016; 7:352. [PMID: 27014158 PMCID: PMC4785135 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-dependent gait characteristics and associations with cognition, motor behavior, injuries, and psychosocial functioning were investigated in 138 typically developing children aged 6.7-13.2 years (M = 10.0 years). Gait velocity, normalized velocity, and variability were measured using the walkway system GAITRite without an additional task (single task) and while performing a motor or cognitive task (dual task). Assessment of children's cognition included tests for intelligence and executive functions; parents reported on their child's motor behavior, injuries, and psychosocial functioning. Gait variability (an index of gait regularity) decreased with increasing age in both single- and dual-task walking. Dual-task gait decrements were stronger when children walked in the motor compared to the cognitive dual-task condition and decreased with increasing age in both dual-task conditions. Gait alterations from single- to dual-task conditions were not related to children's cognition, motor behavior, injuries, or psychosocial functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivia Manicolo
- Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sakari Lemola
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Alexander Grob
- Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Hagmann-von Arx P, Manicolo O, Perkinson-Gloor N, Weber P, Grob A, Lemola S. Gait in Very Preterm School-Aged Children in Dual-Task Paradigms. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144363. [PMID: 26641492 PMCID: PMC4671605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The control of gait requires executive and attentional functions. As preterm children show executive and attentional deficits compared to full-term children, performing concurrent tasks that impose additional cognitive load may lead to poorer walking performance in preterm compared to full-term children. Knowledge regarding gait in preterm children after early childhood is scarce. We examined straight walking and if it is more affected in very preterm than in full-term children in dual-task paradigms. STUDY DESIGN Twenty preterm children with very low birth-weight (≤ 1500 g), 24 preterm children with birth-weight > 1500 g, and 44 full-term children, born between 2001 and 2006, were investigated. Gait was assessed using an electronic walkway system (GAITRite) while walking without a concurrent task (single-task) and while performing one concurrent (dual-task) or two concurrent (triple-task) tasks. Spatio-temporal gait parameters (gait velocity, cadence, stride length, single support time, double support time), normalized gait parameters (normalized velocity, normalized cadence, normalized stride length) and gait variability parameters (stride velocity variability, stride length variability) were analyzed. RESULTS In dual- and triple-task conditions children showed decreased gait velocity, cadence, stride length, as well as increased single support time, double support time and gait variability compared to single-task walking. Further, results showed systematic decreases in stride velocity variability from preterm children with very low birth weight (≤ 1500 g) to preterm children with birth weight > 1500 g to full-term children. There were no significant interactions between walking conditions and prematurity status. CONCLUSIONS Dual and triple tasking affects gait of preterm and full-term children, confirming previous results that walking requires executive and attentional functions. Birth-weight dependent systematic changes in stride velocity variability indicate poorer walking performance in preterm children who were less mature at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivia Manicolo
- Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Peter Weber
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Developmental Medicine, University Children’s Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Grob
- Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sakari Lemola
- Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Case KR, Pérez A, Saxton DL, Hoelscher DM, Springer AE. Bullied Status and Physical Activity in Texas Adolescents. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2015; 43:313-20. [DOI: 10.1177/1090198115599986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the association between having been bullied at school during the past 6 months (“bullied status”) and not meeting physical activity (PA) recommendations of 60 minutes of daily PA during the past week among 8th- and 11th-grade Texas adolescents. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine this association, adjusted for weight status, grade, race/ethnicity, and stratified by gender; furthermore, a significant interaction was found between bullied status and weight status. Results are presented by interaction status. Results indicated that overweight girls who reported never being bullied, as well as those who reported being bullied more than twice, had higher odds of not meeting PA recommendations than normal weight girls who were never bullied (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.12, 95% confidence interval [CI: 1.12, 3.99]; AOR = 9.18, 95% CI [2.26, 37.27], respectively). Obese girls who were bullied once or twice had higher odds of not meeting PA recommendations than normal weight girls who were never bullied (AOR = 2.89, 95% CI [1.06, 7.89]). Overweight boys who reported never being bullied had lower odds of not meeting PA recommendations than normal weight boys who were never bullied (AOR = 0.62, 95% CI [0.39, 0.97]). Conversely, obese boys who were bullied once or twice reported higher odds of not meeting PA recommendations than normal weight boys who were never bullied (AOR = 3.61, 95% CI [1.22, 10.67]). Findings from this study indicate that the association between bullied status and meeting PA recommendations is complex and may differ by gender and the interaction between bullied status and weight status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana Pérez
- University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA
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Plenty S, Bejerot S, Eriksson K. Humor Style and Motor Skills: Understanding Vulnerability to Bullying. EUROPES JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.5964/ejop.v10i3.749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the role of humor style and motor skills in vulnerability to bullying. 729 adults responded to the Humor Style Questionnaire (HSQ) and items retrospectively addressing their motor skills and bullying experiences during childhood. Consistent with recent research, poorer motor skills were associated with a greater extent of having been bullied. An association between stronger motor skills and affiliative humor was found, lending support to a shared biological basis theory underlying social and motor competency processes. Most importantly, being bullied was associated with higher self-defeating humor and lower affiliative humor. This supports earlier theoretical work by Klein and Kuiper (2006) and highlights the role that humor styles play in social interactions that can promote positive peer acceptance and wellbeing.
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