1
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Li MK, Dehm S, Kappes MM, Hennrich F, Krupke R. Correlation Measurements for Carbon Nanotubes with Quantum Defects. ACS NANO 2024; 18:9525-9534. [PMID: 38513118 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Single-photon sources are essential building blocks for the development of photonic quantum technology. Regarding potential practical application, an on-demand electrically driven quantum-light emitter on a chip is notably crucial for photonic integrated circuits. Here, we propose functionalized single-walled carbon nanotube field-effect transistors as a promising solid-state quantum-light source by demonstrating photon antibunching behavior via electrical excitation. The sp3 quantum defects were formed on the surface of (7, 5) carbon nanotubes by 3,5-dichlorophenyl functionalization, and individual carbon nanotubes were wired to graphene electrode pairs. Filtered electroluminescent defect-state emission at 77 K was coupled into a Hanbury Brown and Twiss experiment setup, and single-photon emission was observed by performing second-order correlation function measurements. We discuss the dependence of the intensity correlation measurement on electrical power and emission wavelength, highlighting the challenges of performing such measurements while simultaneously analyzing acquired data. Our results indicate a route toward room-temperature electrically triggered single-photon emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ken Li
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Simone Dehm
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Manfred M Kappes
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Frank Hennrich
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ralph Krupke
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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2
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Zhao H, Yang L, Wu W, Cai X, Yang F, Xiu H, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Xin X, Zhang F, Peng LM, Wang S. Silicon Waveguide-Integrated Carbon Nanotube Photodetector with Low Dark Current and 48 GHz Bandwidth. ACS NANO 2023; 17:7466-7474. [PMID: 37017276 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Low-dimensional materials with excellent optoelectronic properties and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process compatibility have the potential to construct high-performance photodetectors used in a cost-efficient monolithic or hybrid integrated optical communication system. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted a lot of attention due to special geometric structure and broad band response, high optical absorption coefficient, ps-level intrinsic light response, high carrier mobility and wafer-scaled production process. Here, we demonstrated a high-performance waveguide-integrated CNT photodetector with asymmetric palladium (Pd) and hafnium (Hf) contact electrodes. The ideal photodetector structure was realized via comparing with simulation and experimental results, where the optimized device achieved a high 3 dB bandwidth ∼48 GHz at 0 V, as well as a responsivity ∼73.62 mA/W and dark current ∼0.157 μA at -2 V bias voltage. This waveguide-integrated CNT photodetector with low dark current and high bandwidth is helpful for next-generation optical communication and high-speed optical interconnects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications and School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Space-Ground Interconnection and Convergence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, China
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics and Research Center for Carbon-based Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Leijing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications and School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Space-Ground Interconnection and Convergence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, China
| | - Weifeng Wu
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics and Research Center for Carbon-based Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiang Cai
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics and Research Center for Carbon-based Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haojin Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications and School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Space-Ground Interconnection and Convergence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications and School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Space-Ground Interconnection and Convergence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications and School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Space-Ground Interconnection and Convergence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, China
| | - Xiangjun Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications and School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Space-Ground Interconnection and Convergence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lian-Mao Peng
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics and Research Center for Carbon-based Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics and Research Center for Carbon-based Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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3
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Gaviria Rojas WA, Hersam MC. Chirality-Enriched Carbon Nanotubes for Next-Generation Computing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905654. [PMID: 32255238 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
For the past half century, silicon has served as the primary material platform for integrated circuit technology. However, the recent proliferation of nontraditional electronics, such as wearables, embedded systems, and low-power portable devices, has led to increasingly complex mechanical and electrical performance requirements. Among emerging electronic materials, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are promising candidates for next-generation computing as a result of their superlative electrical, optical, and mechanical properties. Moreover, their chirality-dependent properties enable a wide range of emerging electronic applications including sub-10 nm complementary field-effect transistors, optoelectronic integrated circuits, and enantiomer-recognition sensors. Here, recent progress in SWCNT-based computing devices is reviewed, with an emphasis on the relationship between chirality enrichment and electronic functionality. In particular, after highlighting chirality-dependent SWCNT properties and chirality enrichment methods, the range of computing applications that have been demonstrated using chirality-enriched SWCNTs are summarized. By identifying remaining challenges and opportunities, this work provides a roadmap for next-generation SWCNT-based computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Gaviria Rojas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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4
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Ma Z, Yang L, Liu L, Wang S, Peng LM. Silicon-Waveguide-Integrated Carbon Nanotube Optoelectronic System on a Single Chip. ACS NANO 2020; 14:7191-7199. [PMID: 32422043 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c02139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Monolithic optoelectronic integration based on a single material is a major pursuit in the fields of nanophotonics and nanoelectronics in order to meet the requirements of future fiber-optic telecommunication systems and on-chip optical interconnection systems. However, the incompatibility between silicon-based electronics and germanium or compound semiconductor-based photonics makes it very challenging to realize optoelectronic integration based on a single material. Here, the integration between silicon waveguides and a carbon nanotube (CNT) optoelectronic system is demonstrated. Waveguide-integrated photodetectors based on the CNT exhibit 12.5 mA/W photoresponsivity at 1530 nm, which presents an improvement of 97.6 times enhanced absorption efficiency compared to that without the waveguide. Multiplied output signals of cascading photodetectors are used to control the output of CNT-based logic gates, thereby demonstrating that the CNT-based optoelectronic integration system is compatible with silicon photonics. Our work indicates that carbon nanotubes have the potential for future integration between nanophotonics and nanoelectronics on a single chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Ma
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics and Research Center for Carbon-based Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Leijing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications and School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics and Research Center for Carbon-based Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics and Research Center for Carbon-based Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lian-Mao Peng
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics and Research Center for Carbon-based Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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5
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Gaulke M, Janissek A, Peyyety NA, Alamgir I, Riaz A, Dehm S, Li H, Lemmer U, Flavel BS, Kappes MM, Hennrich F, Wei L, Chen Y, Pyatkov F, Krupke R. Low-Temperature Electroluminescence Excitation Mapping of Excitons and Trions in Short-Channel Monochiral Carbon Nanotube Devices. ACS NANO 2020; 14:2709-2717. [PMID: 31920075 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes as emerging quantum-light sources may fill a technological gap in silicon photonics due to their potential use as near-infrared, electrically driven, classical or nonclassical emitters. Unlike in photoluminescence, where nanotubes are excited with light, electrical excitation of single tubes is challenging and heavily influenced by device fabrication, architecture, and biasing conditions. Here we present electroluminescence spectroscopy data of ultra-short-channel devices made from (9,8) carbon nanotubes emitting in the telecom band. Emissions are stable under current biasing, and no enhanced suppression is observed down to 10 nm gap size. Low-temperature electroluminescence spectroscopy data also reported exhibit cold emission and line widths down to 2 meV at 4 K. Electroluminescence excitation maps give evidence that carrier recombination is the mechanism for light generation in short channels. Excitonic and trionic emissions can be switched on and off by gate voltage, and corresponding emission efficiency maps were compiled. Insights are gained into the influence of acoustic phonons on the line width, absence of intensity saturation and exciton-exciton annihilation, environmental effects such as dielectric screening and strain on the emission wavelength, and conditions to suppress hysteresis and establish optimum operation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gaulke
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Alexander Janissek
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Naga Anirudh Peyyety
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Imtiaz Alamgir
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Adnan Riaz
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Simone Dehm
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Han Li
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Uli Lemmer
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Benjamin S Flavel
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Manfred M Kappes
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Frank Hennrich
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Li Wei
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Yuan Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Felix Pyatkov
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ralph Krupke
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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6
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Wang B, Yang S, Wang Y, Ahsan R, He X, Kim Y, Htoon H, Kapadia R, John DD, Thibeault B, Doorn SK, Cronin SB. Auger Suppression of Incandescence in Individual Suspended Carbon Nanotube pn-Junctions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:11907-11912. [PMID: 32083460 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There are various mechanisms of light emission in carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which give rise to a wide range of spectral characteristics that provide important information. Here we report suppression of incandescence via Auger recombination in suspended carbon nanotube pn-junctions generated from dual-gate CNT field-effect transistor (FET) devices. By applying equal and opposite voltages to the gate electrodes (i.e., Vg1 = -Vg2), we create a pn-junction within the CNT. Under these gating conditions, we observe a sharp peak in the incandescence intensity around zero applied gate voltage, where the intrinsic region has the largest spatial extent. Here, the emission occurs under high electrical power densities of around 0.1 MW/cm2 (or 6 μW) and arises from thermal emission at elevated temperatures above 800 K (i.e., incandescence). It is somewhat surprising that this thermal emission intensity is so sensitive to the gating conditions, and we observe a 1000-fold suppression of light emission between Vg1 = 0 and 15 V, over a range in which the electrical power dissipated in the nanotube is roughly constant. This behavior is understood on the basis of Auger recombination, which suppresses light emission by the excitation of free carriers. Based on the calculated carrier density and band profiles, the length of the intrinsic region drops by a factor of 7-25× over the range from |Vg| = 0 to 15 V. We, therefore, conclude that the light emission intensity is significantly dependent on the free carrier density profile and the size of the intrinsic region in these CNT devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaowei He
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Younghee Kim
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Han Htoon
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | | | - Demis D John
- Nanotech, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Brian Thibeault
- Nanotech, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Stephen K Doorn
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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7
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Corletto A, Shapter JG. Nanoscale Patterning of Carbon Nanotubes: Techniques, Applications, and Future. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 8:2001778. [PMID: 33437571 PMCID: PMC7788638 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) devices and electronics are achieving maturity and directly competing or surpassing devices that use conventional materials. CNTs have demonstrated ballistic conduction, minimal scaling effects, high current capacity, low power requirements, and excellent optical/photonic properties; making them the ideal candidate for a new material to replace conventional materials in next-generation electronic and photonic systems. CNTs also demonstrate high stability and flexibility, allowing them to be used in flexible, printable, and/or biocompatible electronics. However, a major challenge to fully commercialize these devices is the scalable placement of CNTs into desired micro/nanopatterns and architectures to translate the superior properties of CNTs into macroscale devices. Precise and high throughput patterning becomes increasingly difficult at nanoscale resolution, but it is essential to fully realize the benefits of CNTs. The relatively long, high aspect ratio structures of CNTs must be preserved to maintain their functionalities, consequently making them more difficult to pattern than conventional materials like metals and polymers. This review comprehensively explores the recent development of innovative CNT patterning techniques with nanoscale lateral resolution. Each technique is critically analyzed and applications for the nanoscale-resolution approaches are demonstrated. Promising techniques and the challenges ahead for future devices and applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Corletto
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueensland4072Australia
| | - Joseph G. Shapter
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueensland4072Australia
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8
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Schnauber P, Singh A, Schall J, Park SI, Song JD, Rodt S, Srinivasan K, Reitzenstein S, Davanco M. Indistinguishable Photons from Deterministically Integrated Single Quantum Dots in Heterogeneous GaAs/Si 3N 4 Quantum Photonic Circuits. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:7164-7172. [PMID: 31470692 PMCID: PMC7020556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Silicon photonics enables scaling of quantum photonic systems by allowing the creation of extensive, low-loss, reconfigurable networks linking various functional on-chip elements. Inclusion of single quantum emitters onto photonic circuits, acting as on-demand sources of indistinguishable photons or single-photon nonlinearities, may enable large-scale chip-based quantum photonic circuits and networks. Toward this, we use low-temperature in situ electron-beam lithography to deterministically produce hybrid GaAs/Si3N4 photonic devices containing single InAs quantum dots precisely located inside nanophotonic structures, which act as efficient, Si3N4 waveguide-coupled on-chip, on-demand single-photon sources. The precise positioning afforded by our scalable fabrication method furthermore allows observation of postselected indistinguishable photons. This indicates a promising path toward significant scaling of chip-based quantum photonics, enabled by large fluxes of indistinguishable single-photons produced on-demand, directly on-chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schnauber
- Institute of Solid State Physics , Technische Universität Berlin , Berlin 10623 , Germany
| | - Anshuman Singh
- National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
- Maryland NanoCenter , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Johannes Schall
- Institute of Solid State Physics , Technische Universität Berlin , Berlin 10623 , Germany
| | - Suk In Park
- Center for Optoelectronic Convergence Systems , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792 South Korea
| | - Jin Dong Song
- Center for Optoelectronic Convergence Systems , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792 South Korea
| | - Sven Rodt
- Institute of Solid State Physics , Technische Universität Berlin , Berlin 10623 , Germany
| | - Kartik Srinivasan
- National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
- Joint Quantum Institute , NIST/University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Stephan Reitzenstein
- Institute of Solid State Physics , Technische Universität Berlin , Berlin 10623 , Germany
| | - Marcelo Davanco
- National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
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9
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Ma Z, Han J, Yao S, Wang S, Peng LM. Improving the Performance and Uniformity of Carbon-Nanotube-Network-Based Photodiodes via Yttrium Oxide Coating and Decoating. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:11736-11742. [PMID: 30855129 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b21325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube thin films can be obtained by conjugated polymer wrapping sorting technique followed by solution deposition and can be utilized as channel materials of field-effect transistors and absorbing layers of photodiodes. However, after the deposition process, there are still polymer molecules wrapping around nanotubes, remaining between nanotubes, and remaining on the thin-film surface, which will cause large nanotube-electrode resistance and tube-tube resistance. Here, we demonstrate an yttrium oxide coating-and-decoating technique that can remove polymers only around electrodes and thus improve the performance of photodiodes without inducing new defects in the device channel. After the treatment of only the contact area, the average short-circuit current of a photodiode increases from 9.1 to 10.7 nA, whereas the average open-circuit voltage increases from 0.25 to 0.30 V. This method also improves device uniformity significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Ma
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Jie Han
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Shuo Yao
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Lian-Mao Peng
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
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10
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Li H, Gordeev G, Garrity O, Reich S, Flavel BS. Separation of Small-Diameter Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in One to Three Steps with Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction. ACS NANO 2019; 13:2567-2578. [PMID: 30673278 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b09579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) technique capable of separating small-diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes in one, two, or at the most three steps is presented. Separation is performed in the well-studied two-phase system containing polyethylene glycol and dextran, but it is achieved without changing the global concentration or ratio of cosurfactants. Instead, the technique is reliant upon the different surfactant shell around each nanotube diameter at a fixed surfactant concentration. The methodology to obtain a single set of surfactant conditions is provided, and strategies to optimize these for other diameter regimes are discussed. In total, 11 different chiralities in the diameter range 0.69-0.91 nm are separated. These include semiconducting and both armchair and nonarmchair metallic nanotube species. Titration of cosurfactant suspensions reveal separation to be driven by the pH of the suspension with each ( n, m) species partitioning at a fixed pH. This allows for an ( n, m) separation approach to be presented that is as simple as pipetting known volumes of acid into the ATPE system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Institute of Nanotechnology , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Karlsruhe 76344 , Germany
| | - Georgy Gordeev
- Department of Physics , Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin 14195 , Germany
| | - Oisin Garrity
- Department of Physics , Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin 14195 , Germany
| | - Stephanie Reich
- Department of Physics , Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin 14195 , Germany
| | - Benjamin S Flavel
- Institute of Nanotechnology , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Karlsruhe 76344 , Germany
- Institute of Materials Science , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Darmstadt 64289 , Germany
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11
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Nakagawa K, Takahashi H, Shimura Y, Maki H. A light emitter based on practicable and mass-producible polycrystalline graphene patterned directly on silicon substrates from a solid-state carbon source. RSC Adv 2019; 9:37906-37910. [PMID: 35541788 PMCID: PMC9075755 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07294b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a procedure for direct patterning of graphene with arbitrary position, size, and shape on silicon substrates from a solid-state carbon source without dry etching processing. Our light emitting graphene devices perform on a par with those based on high crystallinity graphene obtained via mechanical exfoliation or chemical vapor deposition. We developed a procedure for direct patterning graphene with arbitrary position, size, and shape on Si from a solid-state carbon source without dry etching. Our light emitting devices perform on a par with those based on high crystallinity graphene.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Nakagawa
- Department of Applied Physics and Physico-Informatics
- Keio University
- Yokohama
- Japan
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (KISTEC)
| | - Hidenori Takahashi
- Department of Applied Physics and Physico-Informatics
- Keio University
- Yokohama
- Japan
| | - Yui Shimura
- Department of Applied Physics and Physico-Informatics
- Keio University
- Yokohama
- Japan
| | - Hideyuki Maki
- Department of Applied Physics and Physico-Informatics
- Keio University
- Yokohama
- Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network
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12
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Dash A, Mere V, Gangavarapu PRY, Nambiar SR, Selvaraja SK, Naik AK. Carbon-nanotube-on-waveguide thermo-optic tuners. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:5194-5197. [PMID: 30382964 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.005194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate on-waveguide thermo-optic tuners based on solution-processed metallic carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and silicon nitride (SiN) microring resonators operating around 1550 nm. On SOI microring resonators using planarized wire waveguides, a thermo-optic power efficiency of 29 mW/FSR and a thermal transient of 1.3 μs are achieved. The heater is shown to be more power-efficient than conventional metal heaters and has lower thermal transient than both metal heaters and graphene-based heaters. On SiN microring resonators using rib waveguides, improvement in power efficiency with an increase in coverage of CNTs is demonstrated, indicating localized heating using the CNTs; this is favorable for low thermal cross-talk. An optimal power efficiency of 142 mW/FSR and a thermal transient of 5.8 μs are achieved.
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He X, Htoon H, Doorn SK, Pernice WHP, Pyatkov F, Krupke R, Jeantet A, Chassagneux Y, Voisin C. Carbon nanotubes as emerging quantum-light sources. NATURE MATERIALS 2018; 17:663-670. [PMID: 29915427 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-018-0109-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Progress in quantum computing and quantum cryptography requires efficient, electrically triggered, single-photon sources at room temperature in the telecom wavelengths. It has been long known that semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) display strong excitonic binding and emit light over a broad range of wavelengths, but their use has been hampered by a low quantum yield and a high sensitivity to spectral diffusion and blinking. In this Perspective, we discuss recent advances in the mastering of SWCNT optical properties by chemistry, electrical contacting and resonator coupling towards advancing their use as quantum light sources. We describe the latest results in terms of single-photon purity, generation efficiency and indistinguishability. Finally, we consider the main fundamental challenges stemming from the unique properties of SWCNTs and the most promising roads for SWCNT-based chip integrated quantum photonic sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- X He
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - H Htoon
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - S K Doorn
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - W H P Pernice
- Institute of Physics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - F Pyatkov
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R Krupke
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Jeantet
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Y Chassagneux
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - C Voisin
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France.
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High-speed and on-chip graphene blackbody emitters for optical communications by remote heat transfer. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1279. [PMID: 29599460 PMCID: PMC5876377 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03695-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High-speed light emitters integrated on silicon chips can enable novel architectures for silicon-based optoelectronics, such as on-chip optical interconnects, and silicon photonics. However, conventional light sources based on compound semiconductors face major challenges for their integration with a silicon-based platform because of their difficulty of direct growth on a silicon substrate. Here we report ultra-high-speed (100-ps response time), highly integrated graphene-based on-silicon-chip blackbody emitters in the near-infrared region including telecommunication wavelength. Their emission responses are strongly affected by the graphene contact with the substrate depending on the number of graphene layers. The ultra-high-speed emission can be understood by remote quantum thermal transport via surface polar phonons of the substrates. We demonstrated real-time optical communications, integrated two-dimensional array emitters, capped emitters operable in air, and the direct coupling of optical fibers to the emitters. These emitters can open new routes to on-Si-chip, small footprint, and high-speed emitters for highly integrated optoelectronics and silicon photonics. Integrating graphene with existing silicon technologies may pave the way to compact light sources for optoelectronics and photonics. Here, the authors fabricate graphene-based arrays of blackbody emitters integrated on a silicon chip, operating in the near-infrared region at high speed.
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15
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Ma X, Hartmann NF, Velizhanin KA, Baldwin JKS, Adamska L, Tretiak S, Doorn SK, Htoon H. Multi-exciton emission from solitary dopant states of carbon nanotubes. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:16143-16148. [PMID: 29053165 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr06661a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
By separating the photons from slow and fast decays of single and multi-exciton states in a time gated 2nd order photon correlation experiment, we show that solitary oxygen dopant states of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) allow emission of photon pairs with efficiencies as high as 44% of single exciton emission. Our pump dependent time resolved photoluminescence (PL) studies further reveal diffusion-limited exciton-exciton annihilation as the key process that limits the emission of multi-excitons at high pump fluences. We further postulate that creation of additional permanent exciton quenching sites occurring under intense laser irradiation leads to permanent PL quenching. With this work, we bring out multi-excitonic processes of solitary dopant states as a new area to be explored for potential applications in lasing and entangled photon generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedan Ma
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico 87545, USA.
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16
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Alam A, Dehm S, Hennrich F, Zakharko Y, Graf A, Pfohl M, Hossain IM, Kappes MM, Zaumseil J, Krupke R, Flavel BS. Photocurrent spectroscopy of dye-sensitized carbon nanotubes. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:11205-11213. [PMID: 28749520 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04022a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Monochiral (7,5) single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are integrated into a field effect transistor device in which the built-in electric field at the nanotube/metal contact allows for exciton separation under illumination. Variable wavelength spectroscopy and 2D surface mapping of devices consisting of 10-20 nanotubes are performed in the visible region and a strong correlation between the nanotube's second optical transition (S22) and the photocurrent is found. After integration, the SWCNTs are non-covalently modified with three different fluorescent dye molecules with off-resonant absorption maxima at 532 nm, 565 nm, and 610 nm. The dyes extend the absorption properties of the nanotube and contribute to the photocurrent. This approach holds promise for the development of photo-detectors and for applications in photovoltaics and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiful Alam
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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17
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Pyatkov F, Khasminskaya S, Kovalyuk V, Hennrich F, Kappes MM, Goltsman GN, Pernice WHP, Krupke R. Sub-nanosecond light-pulse generation with waveguide-coupled carbon nanotube transducers. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:38-44. [PMID: 28144563 PMCID: PMC5238692 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have recently been integrated into optical waveguides and operated as electrically-driven light emitters under constant electrical bias. Such devices are of interest for the conversion of fast electrical signals into optical ones within a nanophotonic circuit. Here, we demonstrate that waveguide-integrated single-walled CNTs are promising high-speed transducers for light-pulse generation in the gigahertz range. Using a scalable fabrication approach we realize hybrid CNT-based nanophotonic devices, which generate optical pulse trains in the range from 200 kHz to 2 GHz with decay times below 80 ps. Our results illustrate the potential of CNTs for hybrid optoelectronic systems and nanoscale on-chip light sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Pyatkov
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76021, Germany
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Svetlana Khasminskaya
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76021, Germany
| | - Vadim Kovalyuk
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76021, Germany
- Department of Physics, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Frank Hennrich
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76021, Germany
| | - Manfred M Kappes
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76021, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76021, Germany
| | - Gregory N Goltsman
- Department of Physics, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow 119992, Russia
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow 101000, Russia
| | | | - Ralph Krupke
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76021, Germany
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
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18
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Near-infrared exciton-polaritons in strongly coupled single-walled carbon nanotube microcavities. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13078. [PMID: 27721454 PMCID: PMC5062498 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Exciton-polaritons form upon strong coupling between electronic excitations of a material and photonic states of a surrounding microcavity. In organic semiconductors the special nature of excited states leads to particularly strong coupling and facilitates condensation of exciton-polaritons at room temperature, which may lead to electrically pumped organic polariton lasers. However, charge carrier mobility and photo-stability in currently used materials is limited and exciton-polariton emission so far has been restricted to visible wavelengths. Here, we demonstrate strong light-matter coupling in the near infrared using single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in a polymer matrix and a planar metal-clad cavity. By exploiting the exceptional oscillator strength and sharp excitonic transition of (6,5) SWCNTs, we achieve large Rabi splitting (>110 meV), efficient polariton relaxation and narrow band emission (<15 meV). Given their high charge carrier mobility and excellent photostability, SWCNTs represent a promising new avenue towards practical exciton-polariton devices operating at telecommunication wavelengths.
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Liang S, Ma Z, Wu G, Wei N, Huang L, Huang H, Liu H, Wang S, Peng LM. Microcavity-Integrated Carbon Nanotube Photodetectors. ACS NANO 2016; 10:6963-71. [PMID: 27379375 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b02898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered to be highly promising nanomaterials for multiwavelength, room-temperature infrared detection applications. Here, we demonstrate a single-tube diode photodetector monolithically integrated with a Fabry-Pérot microcavity. A ∼6-fold enhanced optical absorption can be achieved, because of the confined effect of the designed optical mode. Furthermore, taking advantage of Van-Hove-singularity band structures in CNTs, we open the possibility of developing chirality-specific (n,m) CNT-film-based signal detectors. Utilizing a concept of the "resonance and off-resonance" cavity, we achieved cavity-integrated chirality-sorted CNT-film detectors working at zero bias and resonance-allowed mode, for specific target signal detection. The detectors exhibited a higher suppression ratio until a power density of 0.07 W cm(-2) and photocurrent of 5 pA, and the spectral full width at half-maximum is ∼33 nm at a signal wavelength of 1200 nm. Further, with multiple array detectors aiming at different target signals integrated on a chip, a multiwavelength signal detector system can be expected to have applications in the fields of monitoring, biosensing, color imaging, signal capture, and on-chip or space information transfers. The approach can also bring other nanomaterials into on-chip or information optoelectronics, regardless of the available doping polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Huaping Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter , Beijing 100190, China
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20
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Liang S, Ma Z, Wei N, Liu H, Wang S, Peng LM. Solid state carbon nanotube device for controllable trion electroluminescence emission. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:6761-6769. [PMID: 26953676 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr07468a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have a direct chirality-dependent bandgap and reduced dimensionality-related quantum confinement effects, which are closely related to the performance of optoelectronic devices. Here, taking advantage of the large energy separations between neutral singlet excitons and charged excitons, i.e. trions in CNTs, we have achieved for the first time all trion electroluminescence (EL) emission from chirality-sorted (8,3) and (8,4) CNT-based solid state devices. We showed that strong trion emission can be obtained as a result of localized impact excitation and electrically injected holes, with an estimated efficiency of ∼5 × 10(-4) photons per injected hole. The importance of contact-controlled carrier injection (including symmetric and asymmetric contact configurations) and EL spectral stability for gradually increasing bias were also investigated. The realization of electrically induced pure trion emission opens up a new opportunity for CNT film-based optoelectronic devices, providing a new degree of freedom in controlling the devices to extend potential applications in spin or magnetic optoelectronics fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Ze Ma
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Nan Wei
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Huaping Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Lian-Mao Peng
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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21
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Fechner RG, Pyatkov F, Khasminskaya S, Flavel BS, Krupke R, Pernice WHP. Directional couplers with integrated carbon nanotube incandescent light emitters. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:966-74. [PMID: 26832479 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.000966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We combine on-chip single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) emitters with directional coupling devices as fundamental building blocks for carbon photonic systems. These devices are essential for studying the emission properties of SWNTs in the few photon regime for future applications in on-chip quantum photonics. The combination of SWNTs with on-chip beam splitters herein provides the basis for correlation measurements as necessary for nanoscale source characterization. The employed fabrication methods are fully scalable and thus allow for implementing a multitude of functional and active circuits in a single fabrication run. Our metallic SWNT emitters are broadband and cover both visible and near-infrared wavelengths, thus holding promise for emerging hybrid optoelectronic devices with fast reconfiguration times.
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22
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Bodiou L, Gu Q, Guézo M, Delcourt E, Batté T, Lemaitre J, Lorrain N, Guendouz M, Folliot H, Charrier J, Mistry KS, Blackburn JL, Doualan JL, Braud A, Camy P. Guided Photoluminescence from Integrated Carbon-Nanotube-Based Optical Waveguides. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:6181-6186. [PMID: 26350035 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Thin films and ridge waveguides based on large-diameter semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs) dispersed in a polyfluorene derivative are fabricated and optically characterized. Ridge waveguides are designed with appropriate dimensions for single-mode propagation at 1550 nm. Using multimode ridge waveguides, guided s-SWCNT photoluminescence is demonstrated for the first time in the near-infrared telecommunications window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Bodiou
- UMR Foton CNRS-Université de Rennes 1-INSA Rennes, Enssat, Lannion, F22305, France
| | - Qingyuan Gu
- UMR Foton CNRS-Université de Rennes 1-INSA Rennes, Enssat, Lannion, F22305, France
| | - Maud Guézo
- UMR Foton CNRS-Université de Rennes 1-INSA Rennes, Enssat, Lannion, F22305, France
| | - Enguerran Delcourt
- UMR Foton CNRS-Université de Rennes 1-INSA Rennes, Enssat, Lannion, F22305, France
| | - Thomas Batté
- UMR Foton CNRS-Université de Rennes 1-INSA Rennes, Enssat, Lannion, F22305, France
| | - Jonathan Lemaitre
- UMR Foton CNRS-Université de Rennes 1-INSA Rennes, Enssat, Lannion, F22305, France
| | - Nathalie Lorrain
- UMR Foton CNRS-Université de Rennes 1-INSA Rennes, Enssat, Lannion, F22305, France
| | - Mohammed Guendouz
- UMR Foton CNRS-Université de Rennes 1-INSA Rennes, Enssat, Lannion, F22305, France
| | - Hervé Folliot
- UMR Foton CNRS-Université de Rennes 1-INSA Rennes, Enssat, Lannion, F22305, France
| | - Joël Charrier
- UMR Foton CNRS-Université de Rennes 1-INSA Rennes, Enssat, Lannion, F22305, France
| | - Kevin S Mistry
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | | | - Jean-Louis Doualan
- Centre de Recherche sur les Ions, les Matériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP), UMR CEA-CNRS-ENSICaen-Université de Caen, Caen, F14050, France
| | - Alain Braud
- Centre de Recherche sur les Ions, les Matériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP), UMR CEA-CNRS-ENSICaen-Université de Caen, Caen, F14050, France
| | - Patrice Camy
- Centre de Recherche sur les Ions, les Matériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP), UMR CEA-CNRS-ENSICaen-Université de Caen, Caen, F14050, France
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Noury A, Roux XL, Vivien L, Izard N. Enhanced light emission from carbon nanotubes integrated in silicon micro-resonator. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:345201. [PMID: 26235256 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/34/345201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes are considered a fascinating nanomaterial for photonic applications and are especially promising for efficient light emitters in the telecommunication wavelength range. Furthermore, their hybrid integration with silicon photonic structures makes them an ideal platform to explore their intrinsic properties. Here we report on the strong photoluminescence enhancement from carbon nanotubes integrated in silicon ring resonator circuits under two pumping configurations: surface-illuminated pumping at 735 nm and collinear pumping at 1.26 μm. Extremely efficient rejection of the non-resonant photoluminescence was obtained. In the collinear approach, an emission efficiency enhancement by a factor of 26 has been demonstrated in comparison with the classical pumping scheme. This demonstration paves the way for the development of integrated light sources in silicon based on carbon nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Noury
- Institut d'Electronique Fondamentale, CNRS-UMR 8622, Univ. Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
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24
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Moore KE, Tune DD, Flavel BS. Double-walled carbon nanotube processing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:3105-37. [PMID: 25899061 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201405686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been the focus of intense research, and the body of literature continues to grow exponentially, despite more than two decades having passed since the first reports. As well as extensive studies of the fundamental properties, this has seen SWCNTs used in a plethora of applications as far ranging as microelectronics, energy storage, solar cells, and sensors, to cancer treatment, drug delivery, and neuronal interfaces. On the other hand, the properties and applications of double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) have remained relatively under-explored. This is despite DWCNTs not only sharing many of the same unique characteristics of their single-walled counterparts, but also possessing an additional suite of potentially advantageous properties arising due to the presence of the second wall and the often complex inter-wall interactions that arise. For example, it is envisaged that the outer wall can be selectively functionalized whilst still leaving the inner wall in its pristine state and available for signal transduction. A similar situation arises in DWCNT field effect transistors (FETs), where the outer wall can provide a convenient degree of chemical shielding of the inner wall from the external environment, allowing the excellent transconductance properties of the pristine nanotubes to be more fully exploited. Additionally, DWCNTs should also offer unique opportunities to further the fundamental understanding of the inter-wall interactions within and between carbon nanotubes. However, the realization of these goals has so far been limited by the same challenge experienced by the SWCNT field until recent years, namely, the inherent heterogeneity of raw, as-produced DWCNT material. As such, there is now an emerging field of research regarding DWCNT processing that focuses on the preparation of material of defined length, diameter and electronic type, and which is rapidly building upon the experience gained by the broader SWCNT community. This review describes the background of the field, summarizing some relevant theory and the available synthesis and purification routes; then provides a thorough synopsis of the current state-of-the-art in DWCNT sorting methodologies, outlines contemporary challenges in the field, and discusses the outlook for various potential applications of the resulting material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Moore
- Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, 5042, Australia
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Daniel D Tune
- Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, 5042, Australia
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Benjamin S Flavel
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
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25
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Kato YK. Illuminating the future of silicon photonics: optical coupling of carbon nanotubes to microrings. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:070501. [PMID: 25620529 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/7/070501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Advances in carbon nanotube material quality and processing techniques have led to an increased interest in nanotube photonics. In particular, emission in the telecommunication wavelengths makes nanotubes compatible with silicon photonics. Noury et al (2014 Nanotechnology 25 215201) have reported on carbon nanotube photoluminescence coupled to silicon microring resonators, underscoring the advantage of combining carbon nanotube emitters with silicon photonics. Their results open up the possibility of using nanotubes in other waveguide-based devices, taking advantage of well-established technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Kato
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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