1
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Bae S, Kim DH, Kim SY. Constructing a Comprehensive Nanopattern Library through Morphological Transitions of Block Copolymer Surface Micelles via Direct Solvent Immersion. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2311939. [PMID: 38461516 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
This study establishes a comprehensive library of nanopatterns achievable by a single block copolymer (BCP), ranging from spheres to complex structures like split micelles, flower-like clusters, toroids, disordered micelle arrays, and unspecified unique shapes. The ordinary nanostructures of polystyrene-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P2VP) surface micelles deposited on a SiOx surface undergo a unique morphology transformation when immersed directly in solvents. Investigating parameters such as immersion solvents, BCP molecular weight, substrate interactions, and temperature, this work reveals the influence of these parameters on the thermodynamics and kinetics governing the morphology transformation. Additionally, the practical application of BCP nanopattern templates for fabricating metal nanostructures through direct solvent immersion of surface micelles is demonstrated. This approach offers an efficient and effective method for producing diverse nanostructures, with the potential to be employed in nanolithography, catalysts, electronics, membranes, plasmonics, and photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokyoung Bae
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyup Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - So Youn Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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2
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Abdelrahman D, Iseli R, Musya M, Jinnai B, Fukami S, Yuasa T, Sai H, Wiesner UB, Saba M, Wilts BD, Steiner U, Llandro J, Gunkel I. Directed Self-Assembly of Diamond Networks in Triblock Terpolymer Films on Patterned Substrates. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:57981-57991. [PMID: 37989271 PMCID: PMC10739600 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymers (BCPs) are particularly effective in creating soft nanostructured templates for transferring complex 3D network structures into inorganic materials that are difficult to fabricate by other methods. However, achieving control of the local ordering within these 3D networks over large areas remains a significant obstacle to advancing material properties. Here, we address this challenge by directing the self-assembly of a 3D alternating diamond morphology by solvent vapor annealing of a triblock terpolymer film on a chemically patterned substrate. The hexagonal substrate patterns were designed to match a (111) plane of the diamond lattice. Commensurability between the sparse substrate pattern and the BCP lattice produced a uniformly ordered diamond network within the polymer film, as confirmed by a combination of atomic force microscopy and cross-sectional imaging using focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy. The successful replication of the complex and well-ordered 3D network structure in gold promises to advance optical metamaterials and has potential applications in nanophotonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doha Abdelrahman
- Adolphe
Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - René Iseli
- Adolphe
Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Michimasa Musya
- Laboratory
for Nanoelectronics and Spintronics, Research
Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira,
Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Butsurin Jinnai
- WPI
Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira,
Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Fukami
- Laboratory
for Nanoelectronics and Spintronics, Research
Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira,
Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- WPI
Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira,
Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Center
for Science and Innovation in Spintronics, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Center
for Innovative Integrated Electronic Systems, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan
- Inamori
Research Institute for Science, Kyoto 600-8411, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yuasa
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell
University, 214 Bard Hall, Ithaca, New
York 14853-1501, United States
| | - Hiroaki Sai
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell
University, 214 Bard Hall, Ithaca, New
York 14853-1501, United States
| | - Ulrich B. Wiesner
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell
University, 214 Bard Hall, Ithaca, New
York 14853-1501, United States
| | - Matthias Saba
- Adolphe
Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Swiss
National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) Bio-Inspired Materials, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Bodo D. Wilts
- Adolphe
Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department
of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University
of Salzburg, Jakob-Haringer-Str. 2a, Salzburg 5020, Austria
- Swiss
National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) Bio-Inspired Materials, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Ullrich Steiner
- Adolphe
Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Swiss
National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) Bio-Inspired Materials, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Justin Llandro
- Laboratory
for Nanoelectronics and Spintronics, Research
Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira,
Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Center
for Science and Innovation in Spintronics, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Ilja Gunkel
- Adolphe
Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Swiss
National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) Bio-Inspired Materials, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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3
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Esmeraldo Paiva A, Gerlt MS, Läubli NF, Prochukhan N, Baez Vasquez JF, Kaminski Schierle GS, Morris MA. High Aspect Ratio Nanoscale Pores through BCP-Based Metal Oxide Masks and Advanced Dry Etching. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:57960-57969. [PMID: 37861980 PMCID: PMC10739579 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The reliable and regular modification of the surface properties of substrates plays a crucial role in material research and the development of functional surfaces. A key aspect of this is the development of the surface pores and topographies. These can confer specific advantages such as high surface area as well as specific functions such as hydrophobic properties. Here, we introduce a combination of nanoscale self-assembled block-copolymer-based metal oxide masks with optimized deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) of silicon to permit the fabrication of porous topographies with aspect ratios of up to 50. Following the evaluation of our procedure and involved parameters using various techniques, such as AFM or SEM, the suitability of our features for applications relying on high light absorption as well as efficient thermal management is explored and discussed in further detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aislan Esmeraldo Paiva
- AMBER
Research Centre/School of Chemistry, Trinity
College Dublin, Dublin D02 CP49, Ireland
| | - Michael S. Gerlt
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund 22363, Sweden
- Department
of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH
Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Nino F. Läubli
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - Nadezda Prochukhan
- AMBER
Research Centre/School of Chemistry, Trinity
College Dublin, Dublin D02 CP49, Ireland
| | | | | | - Michael A. Morris
- AMBER
Research Centre/School of Chemistry, Trinity
College Dublin, Dublin D02 CP49, Ireland
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4
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Pula P, Leniart AA, Krol J, Gorzkowski MT, Suster MC, Wrobel P, Lewera A, Majewski PW. Block Copolymer-Templated, Single-Step Synthesis of Transition Metal Oxide Nanostructures for Sensing Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:57970-57980. [PMID: 37644616 PMCID: PMC10739603 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of transition metal oxide nanostructures, thanks to their high surface-to-volume ratio and the resulting large fraction of surface atoms with high catalytic activity, is of prime importance for the development of new sensors and catalytic materials. Here, we report an economical, time-efficient, and easily scalable method of fabricating nanowires composed of vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, and cobalt oxides by employing simultaneous block copolymer (BCP) self-assembly and selective sequestration of metal-organic acetylacetonate complexes within one of the BCP blocks. We discuss the mechanism and the primary factors that are responsible for the sequestration and conformal replication of the BCP template by the inorganic material that is obtained after the polymer template is removed. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) studies indicate that the metal oxidation state in the nanowires produced by plasma ashing the BCP template closely matches that of the precursor complex and that their structure is amorphous, thus requiring high-temperature annealing in order to sinter them into a crystalline form. Finally, we demonstrate how the developed nanowire array fabrication scheme can be used to rapidly pattern a multilayered iron oxide nanomesh, which we then used to construct a prototype volatile organic compound sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Pula
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02093, Poland
- Biological
and Chemical Research Centre, University
of Warsaw, Warsaw 02089, Poland
| | | | - Julia Krol
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02093, Poland
| | - Maciej T. Gorzkowski
- Biological
and Chemical Research Centre, University
of Warsaw, Warsaw 02089, Poland
| | - Mihai C. Suster
- Department
of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02093, Poland
| | - Piotr Wrobel
- Department
of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02093, Poland
| | - Adam Lewera
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02093, Poland
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5
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Singh S, Ghoshal T, Prochukhan N, Fernandez AA, Vasquez JF, Yadav P, Padmanabhan SC, Morris MA. Morphology Engineering of the Asymmetric PS- b-P4VP Block Copolymer: From Porous to Nanodot Oxide Structures. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2023; 5:9612-9619. [PMID: 37970530 PMCID: PMC10644307 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.3c02120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we demonstrate the formation of oxide porous and nanodot structures from the same block copolymer (BCP) by the phase inversion of a BCP template. We investigated the effect of solvent annealing time on the ordering of asymmetric, cylinder forming, polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) BCP. Phase separation of PS-b-P4VP was achieved by solvent vapor annealing (SVA) in a solvent atmosphere that is (partially) selective to P4VP to initially generate hexagonally arranged, cylindrical arrays of the expected structure. The morphology of the BCP changed from P4VP hexagonally packed cylinders to an 'inverse' structure with PS cylinders embedded in a P4VP matrix. This suggests that selective swelling occurs over time such that the swollen P4VP phase becomes the majority volume component. Metal ions (Ga3+, In3+) were infiltrated into the BCP templates by a solution-mediated infiltration approach, followed by an ultraviolet-ozone treatment to remove the polymer and oxidize the metallic ions to their oxides. The findings show that a single BCP can be used to create both metal oxide arrays and porous structures of metal oxides by simply varying the duration of the solvent annealing process. The resulting structures were analyzed through several methods including scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. XPS analyses confirmed the complete elimination of the BCP template and the presence of metal oxides. This study provides important insights into the development of functional BCP materials with inverse structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajan Singh
- AMBER Research Centre and
School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02AK60, Ireland
| | - Tandra Ghoshal
- AMBER Research Centre and
School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02AK60, Ireland
| | - Nadezda Prochukhan
- AMBER Research Centre and
School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02AK60, Ireland
| | | | | | - Pravind Yadav
- AMBER Research Centre and
School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02AK60, Ireland
| | - Sibu C. Padmanabhan
- AMBER Research Centre and
School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02AK60, Ireland
| | - Michael A. Morris
- AMBER Research Centre and
School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02AK60, Ireland
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6
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Manesi GM, Moutsios I, Moschovas D, Papadopoulos G, Ntaras C, Rosenthal M, Vidal L, Ageev GG, Ivanov DA, Avgeropoulos A. Synthesis and Structural Insight into poly(dimethylsiloxane)- b-poly(2-vinylpyridine) Copolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4227. [PMID: 37959907 PMCID: PMC10648597 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the use of anionic polymerization for the synthesis of living poly(dimethylsiloxane) or PDMS-Li+, as well as poly(2-vinylpyridine) or P2VP-Li+ homopolymers, and the subsequent use of chlorosilane chemistry in order for the two blocks to be covalently joined leading to PDMS-b-P2VP copolymers is proposed. High vacuum manipulations enabled the synthesis of well-defined materials with different molecular weights (Μ¯n, from 9.8 to 36.0 kg/mol) and volume fraction ratios (φ, from 0.15 to 0.67). The Μ¯n values, dispersity indices, and composition were determined through membrane/vapor pressure osmometry (MO/VPO), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), respectively, while the thermal transitions were determined via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The morphological characterization results suggested that for common composition ratios, lamellar, cylindrical, and spherical phases with domain periodicities ranging from approximately 15 to 39 nm are formed. A post-polymerization chemical modification reaction to quaternize the nitrogen atom in some of the P2VP monomeric units in the copolymer with the highest P2VP content, and the additional characterizations through 1H NMR, infrared spectroscopy, DSC, and contact angle are reported. The synthesis, characterization, and quaternization of the copolymer structure are important findings toward the preparation of functional materials with enhanced properties suitable for various nanotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gkreti-Maria Manesi
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (G.-M.M.); (I.M.); (D.M.); (G.P.); (C.N.)
| | - Ioannis Moutsios
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (G.-M.M.); (I.M.); (D.M.); (G.P.); (C.N.)
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse—IS2M, CNRS UMR7361, 15 Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France; (L.V.); (D.A.I.)
| | - Dimitrios Moschovas
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (G.-M.M.); (I.M.); (D.M.); (G.P.); (C.N.)
| | - Georgios Papadopoulos
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (G.-M.M.); (I.M.); (D.M.); (G.P.); (C.N.)
| | - Christos Ntaras
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (G.-M.M.); (I.M.); (D.M.); (G.P.); (C.N.)
| | - Martin Rosenthal
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. Box 2404, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Loic Vidal
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse—IS2M, CNRS UMR7361, 15 Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France; (L.V.); (D.A.I.)
| | - Georgiy G. Ageev
- Scientific Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave., 354340 Sochi, Russia;
| | - Dimitri A. Ivanov
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse—IS2M, CNRS UMR7361, 15 Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France; (L.V.); (D.A.I.)
- Scientific Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave., 354340 Sochi, Russia;
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAS, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Moscow, Russia
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (G.-M.M.); (I.M.); (D.M.); (G.P.); (C.N.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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7
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Cara E, Hönicke P, Kayser Y, Lindner JK, Castellino M, Murataj I, Porro S, Angelini A, De Leo N, Pirri CF, Beckhoff B, Boarino L, Ferrarese Lupi F. Developing Quantitative Nondestructive Characterization of Nanomaterials: A Case Study on Sequential Infiltration Synthesis of Block Copolymers. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2023; 5:2079-2087. [PMID: 37427013 PMCID: PMC10324101 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.2c02094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The sequential infiltration synthesis (SIS) of inorganic materials in nanostructured block copolymer templates has rapidly progressed in the last few years to develop functional nanomaterials with controllable properties. To assist this rapid evolution, expanding the capabilities of nondestructive methods for quantitative characterization of the materials properties is required. In this paper, we characterize the SIS process on three model polymers with different infiltration profiles through ex situ quantification by reference-free grazing incidence X-ray fluorescence. More qualitative depth distribution results were validated by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Cara
- Advanced
Materials and Life Science Division, Istituto
Nazionale Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Philipp Hönicke
- Physikalisch-Technische
Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yves Kayser
- Physikalisch-Technische
Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg K.
N. Lindner
- AG Nanostrukturierung,
Nanoanalyse und Photonische Materialien, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Micaela Castellino
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico
di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Irdi Murataj
- Advanced
Materials and Life Science Division, Istituto
Nazionale Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135 Torino, Italy
- Physikalisch-Technische
Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
- AG Nanostrukturierung,
Nanoanalyse und Photonische Materialien, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico
di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Samuele Porro
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico
di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Angelo Angelini
- Advanced
Materials and Life Science Division, Istituto
Nazionale Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Natascia De Leo
- Advanced
Materials and Life Science Division, Istituto
Nazionale Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Candido Fabrizio Pirri
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico
di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Burkhard Beckhoff
- Physikalisch-Technische
Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Luca Boarino
- Advanced
Materials and Life Science Division, Istituto
Nazionale Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Federico Ferrarese Lupi
- Advanced
Materials and Life Science Division, Istituto
Nazionale Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135 Torino, Italy
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8
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Demazy N, Argudo PG, Fleury G. Competitive Registration Fields for The Development of Complex Block Copolymer Structures by A Layer-by-Layer Approach. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205254. [PMID: 36504447 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymer (BCP) self-assembly in thin films is an elegant method to generate nanometric features with tunable geometrical configurations. By combining directed assembly and hybridization methods, advances in nano-manufacturing have been attested over the past decades with flagship applications in lithography and optics. Nevertheless, the range of geometrical configurations is limited by the accessible morphologies inherent to the energy minimization process involved in BCP self-assembly. Layering of nanostructured BCP thin films has been recently proposed in order to enrich the span of nanostructures derived from BCP self-assembly with the formation of non-native heterostructures such as double-layered arrays of nanowires or dots-on-line and dots-in-hole hierarchical structures. In this work, the layer-by-layer method is further exploited for the generation of nano-mesh arrays using nanostructured BCP thin films. In particular, a subtle combination of chemical and topographical fields is leveraged in order to demonstrate design rules for the controlled registration of a BCP layer on top of an underneath immobilized one by the precise tuning of the interfacial chemical field between the two BCP layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Demazy
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, Pessac, F-33600, France
| | - Pablo G Argudo
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, Pessac, F-33600, France
| | - Guillaume Fleury
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, Pessac, F-33600, France
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9
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Guo L, Ntetsikas K, Zapsas G, Thankamony R, Lai Z, Hadjichristidis N. Highly Efficient Production of Nanoporous Block Copolymers with Arbitrary Structural Characteristics for Advanced Membranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202212400. [PMID: 36346623 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The great significance of boosting the design of percolating nanopore structures in block copolymers (BCPs) for various cases has been widely demonstrated in the past several decades. However, it still remains challenging to prepare the desired porous structures in a rapid, facile, and universal manner. Here we have developed an unconventional and benchtop strategy to rapidly generate the nanoporous polystyrene-based BCPs with arbitrary structural characteristics regardless of the BCP bulk morphology. This universal pore-forming strategy enables the sustainable CO2 -based BCPs to form advanced membranes after 1 s soaking for efficiently rejecting 94.2 % brilliant blue R (826 g mol-1 ). Meanwhile, the water permeance retains around 1020 L (m2 h bar)-1 , which is 1-3 orders of magnitude higher than that of other membranes. This strategy may offer an excellent opportunity to introduce percolating pore structures in those newly developed BCPs with which the previously reported pore-forming methods may not deal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiming Guo
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Konstantinos Ntetsikas
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Georgios Zapsas
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roshni Thankamony
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Centre, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhiping Lai
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Centre, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Angelopoulou PP, Moutsios I, Manesi GM, Ivanov DA, Sakellariou G, Avgeropoulos A. Designing high χ copolymer materials for nanotechnology applications: A systematic bulk vs. thin films approach. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Zaidi SSH, Jaiswal PK, Priya M, Puri S. Universal fast mode regime in wetting kinetics. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:L052801. [PMID: 36559410 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.l052801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We present simulation results from a comprehensive molecular dynamics (MD) study of surface-directed spinodal decomposition (SDSD) in unstable symmetric binary mixtures at wetting surfaces. We consider long-ranged and short-ranged surface fields to investigate the early stage wetting kinetics. The attractive part of the long-ranged potential is of the form V(z)∼z^{-n}, where z is the distance from the surface and n is the power-law exponent. We find that the wetting-layer thickness R_{1}(t) at very early times exhibits a power-law growth with an exponent α=1/(n+2). It then crosses over to a universal fast-mode regime with α=3/2. In contrast, for the short-ranged surface potential, a logarithmic behavior in R_{1}(t) is observed at initial times. Remarkably, similar rapid growth is seen in this case too. We provide phenomenological arguments to understand these growth laws. Our MD results firmly establish the existence of universal fast-mode kinetics and settle the related controversy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prabhat K Jaiswal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar 342030, India
| | - Madhu Priya
- Department of Physics, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India
| | - Sanjay Puri
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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12
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Coceancigh H, Xue L, Nagasaka S, Higgins DA, Ito T. Solvent-Induced Swelling Behaviors of Microphase-Separated Polystyrene- block-Poly(ethylene oxide) Thin Films Investigated Using In Situ Spectroscopic Ellipsometry and Single-Molecule Fluorescence Microscopy. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:8338-8349. [PMID: 36219821 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c05025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymers have attracted considerable interest in the fields of nanoscience and nanotechnology because these polymers afford well-defined nanostructures via self-assembly. An in-depth understanding of solvent effects on the physicochemical properties of these microdomains is crucial for their preparation and utilization. Herein, we employed in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry and single-molecule fluorescence techniques to gain detailed insights into microdomain properties in polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) films exposed to ethanol- and water-saturated N2. We observed a quick increase and a subsequent gradual decrease in the ellipsometric thickness of PS-b-PEO films upon exposure to ethanol-saturated N2. This observation was unexpected because ethanol-saturated N2 induced negligible thickness change for PS and PEO homopolymer films. The similarity in maximum thickness gain observed under ethanol- and water-saturated N2 implied the swelling of PEO microdomains. Ethanol vapor permeation through the PEO microdomains was supported by the redshift of the ensemble and single-molecule fluorescence emission of Nile red in PS-b-PEO films. Single-molecule tracking data showed the initial enhancement and subsequent reduction of the diffusion of hydrophilic sulforhodamine B molecules in PS-b-PEO films upon exposure to ethanol-saturated N2, consistent with the spectroscopic ellipsometry results. The higher ethanol susceptibility of the PEO microdomains was attributable to their amorphous nature, as shown by FTIR data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman Coceancigh
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas66506-0401, United States
| | - Lianjie Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas66506-0401, United States
| | - Shinobu Nagasaka
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas66506-0401, United States
| | - Daniel A Higgins
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas66506-0401, United States
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas66506-0401, United States
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13
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Liquid Phase Infiltration of Block Copolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204317. [PMID: 36297895 PMCID: PMC9612101 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel materials with defined composition and structures at the nanoscale are increasingly desired in several research fields spanning a wide range of applications. The development of new approaches of synthesis that provide such control is therefore required in order to relate the material properties to its functionalities. Self-assembling materials such as block copolymers (BCPs), in combination with liquid phase infiltration (LPI) processes, represent an ideal strategy for the synthesis of inorganic materials into even more complex and functional features. This review provides an overview of the mechanism involved in the LPI, outlining the role of the different polymer infiltration parameters on the resulting material properties. We report newly developed methodologies that extend the LPI to the realisation of multicomponent and 3D inorganic nanostructures. Finally, the recently reported implementation of LPI into different applications such as photonics, plasmonics and electronics are highlighted.
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14
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Pino G, Cummins C, Mantione D, Demazy N, Alvarez-Fernandez A, Guldin S, Fleury G, Hadziioannou G, Cloutet E, Brochon C. Design and Morphological Investigation of High-χ Catechol-Containing Styrenic Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Pino
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Cian Cummins
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Daniele Mantione
- POLYKEY Polymers, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Nils Demazy
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Alberto Alvarez-Fernandez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Guldin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - Guillaume Fleury
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Georges Hadziioannou
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Eric Cloutet
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Cyril Brochon
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
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15
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Weak Polyelectrolytes as Nanoarchitectonic Design Tools for Functional Materials: A Review of Recent Achievements. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103263. [PMID: 35630741 PMCID: PMC9145934 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The ionization degree, charge density, and conformation of weak polyelectrolytes can be adjusted through adjusting the pH and ionic strength stimuli. Such polymers thus offer a range of reversible interactions, including electrostatic complexation, H-bonding, and hydrophobic interactions, which position weak polyelectrolytes as key nano-units for the design of dynamic systems with precise structures, compositions, and responses to stimuli. The purpose of this review article is to discuss recent examples of nanoarchitectonic systems and applications that use weak polyelectrolytes as smart components. Surface platforms (electrodeposited films, brushes), multilayers (coatings and capsules), processed polyelectrolyte complexes (gels and membranes), and pharmaceutical vectors from both synthetic or natural-type weak polyelectrolytes are discussed. Finally, the increasing significance of block copolymers with weak polyion blocks is discussed with respect to the design of nanovectors by micellization and film/membrane nanopatterning via phase separation.
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16
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Amada K, Ishizaki M, Kurihara M, Matsui J. Self-Assembly and -Cross-Linking Lamellar Films by Nanophase Separation with Solvent-Induced Anisotropic Structural Changes. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:16778-16784. [PMID: 35615387 PMCID: PMC9126610 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have prepared thermally and chemically stable lamellar polymer films via humid annealing. The amphiphilic polymer poly(N-dodecyl acrylamide-stat-3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl acrylate) [p(DDA/TMSPA)] forms a self-assembled lamellar structure via annealing at 60 °C under 98% relative humidity (humid annealing) due to nanophase separation between the hydrophobic dodecyl side and main chains with the amide groups that contain adsorbed water. Moreover, a self-cross-linking reaction of TMSPA proceeds during the humid annealing. As a result, the lamellar films maintain their structure even when annealed above their glass-transition temperature. On the other hand, the films swell when immersed in toluene. The highly ordered lamellar structure collapses due to the swelling but can be re-established by subsequent humid annealing. A multilayer freestanding film can be exfoliated via sonication in toluene. The exfoliated multilayer films initially form a dome-shaped structure, which is converted to a plate-shaped structure upon humid annealing. In their entirety, these results reveal that the molecular-scale movement associated with the formation of the lamellar structure induces a macroscopic structural change. Consequently, p(DDA/TMSPA) can be considered as a new stimulus-responsive polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Amada
- Graduate
School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata
University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - Manabu Ishizaki
- Faculty
of Science, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - Masato Kurihara
- Faculty
of Science, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - Jun Matsui
- Faculty
of Science, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
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17
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Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a vibrational spectroscopy technique that enables specific identification of target analytes with sensitivity down to the single-molecule level by harnessing metal nanoparticles and nanostructures. Excitation of localized surface plasmon resonance of a nanostructured surface and the associated huge local electric field enhancement lie at the heart of SERS, and things will become better if strong chemical enhancement is also available simultaneously. Thus, the precise control of surface characteristics of enhancing substrates plays a key role in broadening the scope of SERS for scientific purposes and developing SERS into a routine analytical tool. In this review, the development of SERS substrates is outlined with some milestones in the nearly half-century history of SERS. In particular, these substrates are classified into zero-dimensional, one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional substrates according to their geometric dimension. We show that, in each category of SERS substrates, design upon the geometric and composite configuration can be made to achieve an optimized enhancement factor for the Raman signal. We also show that the temporal dimension can be incorporated into SERS by applying femtosecond pulse laser technology, so that the SERS technique can be used not only to identify the chemical structure of molecules but also to uncover the ultrafast dynamics of molecular structural changes. By adopting SERS substrates with the power of four-dimensional spatiotemporal control and design, the ultimate goal of probing the single-molecule chemical structural changes in the femtosecond time scale, watching the chemical reactions in four dimensions, and visualizing the elementary reaction steps in chemistry might be realized in the near future.
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18
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Hara M, Kodama A, Washiyama S, Fujii Y, Nagano S, Seki T. Humidity-Induced Self-Assembled Nanostructures via Ion Aggregation in Ionic Linear Polysiloxanes. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Hara
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Atsuki Kodama
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shohei Washiyama
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Fujii
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Shusaku Nagano
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Takahiro Seki
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
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19
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Selkirk A, Zeki Bas S, Cummins C, Aslan E, Patir IH, Zhussupbekova A, Prochukhan N, Borah D, Paiva A, Ozmen M, Morris MA. Block Copolymer Templated WO3 Surface Nanolines as Catalysts for Enhanced Epinephrine Sensing and the Oxygen Evolution Reaction. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Selkirk
- University of Dublin Trinity College 1 College GreenDublin 2 Dublin IRELAND
| | - Salih Zeki Bas
- Selçuk Üniversitesi: Selcuk Universitesi Chemistry TURKEY
| | - Cian Cummins
- Trinity College: The University of Dublin Trinity College Chemistry IRELAND
| | - Emre Aslan
- Selçuk Üniversitesi: Selcuk Universitesi Biochemistry TURKEY
| | | | | | - Nadezda Prochukhan
- Trinity College: The University of Dublin Trinity College Chemistry IRELAND
| | - Dipu Borah
- Trinity College: The University of Dublin Trinity College Chemistry IRELAND
| | - Aislan Paiva
- Trinity College: The University of Dublin Trinity College Chemistry IRELAND
| | - Mustafa Ozmen
- Selçuk Üniversitesi: Selcuk Universitesi Chemistry TURKEY
| | - Michael A. Morris
- Trinity College: The University of Dublin Trinity College Chemistry IRELAND
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20
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Yang GG, Choi HJ, Han KH, Kim JH, Lee CW, Jung EI, Jin HM, Kim SO. Block Copolymer Nanopatterning for Nonsemiconductor Device Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:12011-12037. [PMID: 35230079 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymer (BCP) nanopatterning has emerged as a versatile nanoscale fabrication tool for semiconductor devices and other applications, because of its ability to organize well-defined, periodic nanostructures with a critical dimension of 5-100 nm. While the most promising application field of BCP nanopatterning has been semiconductor devices, the versatility of BCPs has also led to enormous interest from a broad spectrum of other application areas. In particular, the intrinsically low cost and straightforward processing of BCP nanopatterning have been widely recognized for their large-area parallel formation of dense nanoscale features, which clearly contrasts that of sophisticated processing steps of the typical photolithographic process, including EUV lithography. In this Review, we highlight the recent progress in the field of BCP nanopatterning for various nonsemiconductor applications. Notable examples relying on BCP nanopatterning, including nanocatalysts, sensors, optics, energy devices, membranes, surface modifications and other emerging applications, are summarized. We further discuss the current limitations of BCP nanopatterning and suggest future research directions to open up new potential application fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geon Gug Yang
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jae Choi
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hyo Han
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Hwan Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Woo Lee
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Edwin Ino Jung
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Min Jin
- Department of Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ouk Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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21
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Jin HM, Lee SE, Kim S, Kim JY, Han Y, Kim BH. Directed high‐χ block copolymer
self‐assembly
by laser writing on silicon substrate. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Min Jin
- Department of Organic Materials Engineering Chungnam National University Daejeon Republic of Korea
- Neutron Science Center Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Su Eon Lee
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Simon Kim
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Young Kim
- Reality Devices Research Division Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Young‐Soo Han
- Neutron Science Center Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Hoon Kim
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) Daegu Republic of Korea
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22
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Löfstrand A, Vorobiev A, Mumtaz M, Borsali R, Maximov I. Sequential Infiltration Synthesis into Maltoheptaose and Poly(styrene): Implications for Sub-10 nm Pattern Transfer. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14040654. [PMID: 35215576 PMCID: PMC8878060 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vapor phase infiltration into a self-assembled block copolymer (BCP) to create a hybrid material in one of the constituent blocks can enhance the etch selectivity for pattern transfer. Multiple pulse infiltration into carbohydrate-based high-χ BCP has previously been shown to enable sub-10 nm feature pattern transfer. By optimizing the amount of infiltrated material, the etch selectivity should be further improved. Here, an investigation of semi-static sequential infiltration synthesis of trimethyl aluminum (TMA) and water into maltoheptaose (MH) films, and into hydroxyl-terminated poly(styrene) (PS-OH) films, was performed, by varying the process parameters temperature, precursor pulse duration, and precursor exposure length. It was found that, by decreasing the exposure time from 100 to 20 s, the volumetric percentage on included pure Al2O3 in MH could be increased from 2 to 40 vol% at the expense of a decreased infiltration depth. Furthermore, the degree of infiltration was minimally affected by temperature between 64 and 100 °C. Shorter precursor pulse durations of 10 ms TMA and 5 ms water, as well as longer precursor pulses of 75 ms TMA and 45 ms water, were both shown to promote a higher degree, 40 vol%, of infiltrated alumina in MH. As proof of concept, 12 nm pitch pattern transfer into silicon was demonstrated using the method and can be concluded to be one of few studies showing pattern transfer at such small pitch. These results are expected to be of use for further understanding of the mechanisms involved in sequential infiltration synthesis of TMA/water into MH, and for further optimization of carbohydrate-based etch masks for sub-10 nm pattern transfer. Enabling techniques for high aspect ratio pattern transfer at the single nanometer scale could be of high interest, e.g., in the high-end transistor industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Löfstrand
- NanoLund and Solid State Physics, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (I.M.)
| | - Alexei Vorobiev
- Division for Materials Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Muhammad Mumtaz
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000 Grenoble, France; (M.M.); (R.B.)
| | - Redouane Borsali
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000 Grenoble, France; (M.M.); (R.B.)
| | - Ivan Maximov
- NanoLund and Solid State Physics, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (I.M.)
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23
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Shi LY, Subramanian A, Weng L, Lee S, Kisslinger K, Nam CY, Ross CA. Selective sequential infiltration synthesis of ZnO in the liquid crystalline phase of silicon-containing rod-coil block copolymers. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:1807-1813. [PMID: 35037005 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06065a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The combination of block copolymer (BCP) thin film self-assembly and selective infiltration synthesis of inorganic materials into one BCP block provides access to various organic-inorganic hybrids. Here, we apply sequential infiltration synthesis, a vapor-phase hybridization technique, to selectively introduce ZnO into the organic microdomains of silicon-containing rod-coil diblock copolymers and a triblock terpolymer, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-b-poly{2,5-bis[(4-methoxyphenyl)-oxycarbonyl]styrene} (PDMS-b-PMPCS) and PDMS-b-polystyrene-b-PMPCS (PDMS-b-PS-b-PMPCS), in which the PMPCS rod block is a liquid crystalline polymer. The in-plane cylindrical PDMS-b-PMPCS and core-shell cylindrical and hexagonally perforated lamellar PDMS-b-PS-b-PMPCS films were infiltrated with ZnO with high selectivity to the PMPCS. The etching contrast between PDMS, PS and the ZnO-infused PMPCS enables the fabrication of ZnO/SiOx binary composites by plasma etching and reveals the core-shell morphology of the triblock terpolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ying Shi
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
| | - Ashwanth Subramanian
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, New York 11794, USA
| | - Lin Weng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Sangho Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
| | - Kim Kisslinger
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, New York 11973, USA.
| | - Chang-Yong Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, New York 11794, USA
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, New York 11973, USA.
| | - Caroline A Ross
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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24
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Cui J, Liu E, Song T, Han Y, Jiang W. Rectangular Cylinders Formed by Compositionally Bidisperse ABC Triblock Terpolymer Blends: A Self-Consistent Field Theory Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:14889-14897. [PMID: 34905363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Compared with traditional cylinders that have circular cross-sections, cylinders with rectangular cross-sections can endow nanomaterials with various novel optical properties and functions. In this work, the formation of the rectangular cylinders self-assembled by compositionally bidisperse ABC triblock terpolymer blends has been investigated via numerical simulations based on self-consistent field theory. The specially designed blending systems are composed of two types of linear ABC triblock terpolymers that have the same total chain lengths and the middle B block chain lengths, but different chain lengths of the side A/C blocks. By tuning the chain length fractions and the interactions between different blocks, rectangular cylinders with a fourfold symmetry pattern were successfully obtained in our simulations. Each rectangular phase domain is self-assembled together by the short and long side blocks of the same species. The simulation results indicate that the selective aggregation of the short side blocks determines the formation of the rectangular cylindrical phase, i.e., the short side blocks prefer to aggregate at the four corners within a rectangular cylindrical phase domain. This simulation result reveals a formation mechanism that is different from the mechanism proposed in previous experiments [Asai ACS Macro Lett., 2014, 3, 166-169]. Moreover, under different middle B block chain length fractions, phase diagrams as a function of the interaction parameter between different blocks and the short side block chain length fraction have been constructed. The phase diagrams show that the parameter window of the rectangular cylinders is considerably expanded by increasing the chain length fraction of the middle B blocks. Our simulation works can provide a theoretical basis for molecular design to regulate and fabricate nanomaterials with nontraditional phase domains in future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cui
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, P. R. China
| | - Entian Liu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, P. R. China
| | - Tongjing Song
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Han
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, P. R. China
| | - Wei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
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Liontos G, Manesi GM, Moutsios I, Moschovas D, Piryazev AA, Bersenev EA, Ivanov DA, Avgeropoulos A. Synthesis, Molecular Characterization, and Phase Behavior of Miktoarm Star Copolymers of the ABn and AnB (n = 2 or 3) Sequences, Where A Is Polystyrene and B Is Poly(dimethylsiloxane). Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George Liontos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Gkreti-Maria Manesi
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioannis Moutsios
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Moschovas
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Piryazev
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Moscow, Russia
| | - Egor A. Bersenev
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dimitri A. Ivanov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Moscow, Russia
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse─IS2M, CNRS UMR7361, 15 Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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26
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Cummins C, Flamant Q, Dwivedi R, Alvarez-Fernandez A, Demazy N, Bentaleb A, Pound-Lana G, Zelsmann M, Barois P, Hadziioannou G, Baron A, Fleury G, Ponsinet V. An Ultra-Thin Near-Perfect Absorber via Block Copolymer Engineered Metasurfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 609:375-383. [PMID: 34902674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.11.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Producing ultrathin light absorber layers is attractive towards the integration of lightweight planar components in electronic, photonic, and sensor devices. In this work, we report the experimental demonstration of a thin gold (Au) metallic metasurface with near-perfect visible absorption (∼95 %). Au nanoresonators possessing heights from 5 - 15 nm with sub-50 nm diameters were engineered by block copolymer (BCP) templating. The Au nanoresonators were fabricated on an alumina (Al2O3) spacer layer and a reflecting Au mirror, in a film-coupled nanoparticle design. The BCP nanopatterning strategy to produce desired heights of Au nanoresonators was tailored to achieve near-perfect absorption at ≈ 600 nm. The experimental insight described in this work is a step forward towards realizing large area flat optics applications derived from subwavelength-thin metasurfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cian Cummins
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5031, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, 115 Avenue Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France; Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France.
| | - Quentin Flamant
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5031, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, 115 Avenue Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Ranjeet Dwivedi
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5031, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, 115 Avenue Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Alberto Alvarez-Fernandez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K
| | - Nils Demazy
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Ahmed Bentaleb
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5031, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, 115 Avenue Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Gwenaelle Pound-Lana
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA/LETI Minatec, Grenoble INP, LTM, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marc Zelsmann
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA/LETI Minatec, Grenoble INP, LTM, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Barois
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5031, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, 115 Avenue Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France
| | | | - Alexandre Baron
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5031, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, 115 Avenue Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Guillaume Fleury
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France.
| | - Virginie Ponsinet
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5031, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, 115 Avenue Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France.
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27
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Subramanian A, Tiwale N, Lee WI, Nam CY. Templating Functional Materials Using Self-Assembled Block Copolymer Thin-Film for Nanodevices. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2021.766690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The nanomorphologies and nanoarchitectures that can be synthesized using block copolymer (BCP) thin-film self-assembly have inspired a variety of new applications, which offer various advantages, such as, small device footprint, low operational power and enhanced device performance. Imperative for these applications, however, is the ability to transform these small polymeric patterns into useful inorganic structures. BCP-templated inorganic nanostructures have shown the potential for use as active materials in various electronic device applications, including, field-effect transistors, photodetectors, gas sensors and many more. This article reviews various strategies that have been implemented in the past decade to fabricate devices at nanoscale using block copolymer thin films.
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28
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Löfstrand A, Jafari Jam R, Mothander K, Nylander T, Mumtaz M, Vorobiev A, Chen WC, Borsali R, Maximov I. Poly(styrene)- block-Maltoheptaose Films for Sub-10 nm Pattern Transfer: Implications for Transistor Fabrication. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2021; 4:5141-5151. [PMID: 34308267 PMCID: PMC8290925 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.1c00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Sequential infiltration synthesis (SIS) into poly(styrene)-block-maltoheptaose (PS-b-MH) block copolymer using vapors of trimethyl aluminum and water was used to prepare nanostructured surface layers. Prior to the infiltration, the PS-b-MH had been self-assembled into 12 nm pattern periodicity. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that horizontal alumina-like cylinders of 4.9 nm diameter were formed after eight infiltration cycles, while vertical cylinders were 1.3 nm larger. Using homopolymer hydroxyl-terminated poly(styrene) (PS-OH) and MH films, specular neutron reflectometry revealed a preferential reaction of precursors in the MH compared to PS-OH. The infiltration depth into the maltoheptaose homopolymer film was found to be 2.0 nm after the first couple of cycles. It reached 2.5 nm after eight infiltration cycles, and the alumina incorporation within this infiltrated layer corresponded to 23 vol % Al2O3. The alumina-like material, resulting from PS-b-MH infiltration, was used as an etch mask to transfer the sub-10 nm pattern into the underlying silicon substrate, to an aspect ratio of approximately 2:1. These results demonstrate the potential of exploiting SIS into carbohydrate-based polymers for nanofabrication and high pattern density applications, such as transistor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Löfstrand
- NanoLund
and Solid State Physics, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Reza Jafari Jam
- NanoLund
and Solid State Physics, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Karolina Mothander
- NanoLund
and Physical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tommy Nylander
- NanoLund
and Physical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Alexei Vorobiev
- Division
for Materials Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Wen-Chang Chen
- Advanced
Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | | | - Ivan Maximov
- NanoLund
and Solid State Physics, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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29
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30
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Mullen E, Morris MA. Green Nanofabrication Opportunities in the Semiconductor Industry: A Life Cycle Perspective. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1085. [PMID: 33922231 PMCID: PMC8146645 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The turn of the 21st century heralded in the semiconductor age alongside the Anthropocene epoch, characterised by the ever-increasing human impact on the environment. The ecological consequences of semiconductor chip manufacturing are the most predominant within the electronics industry. This is due to current reliance upon large amounts of solvents, acids and gases that have numerous toxicological impacts. Management and assessment of hazardous chemicals is complicated by trade secrets and continual rapid change in the electronic manufacturing process. Of the many subprocesses involved in chip manufacturing, lithographic processes are of particular concern. Current developments in bottom-up lithography, such as directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCPs), are being considered as a next-generation technology for semiconductor chip production. These nanofabrication techniques present a novel opportunity for improving the sustainability of lithography by reducing the number of processing steps, energy and chemical waste products involved. At present, to the extent of our knowledge, there is no published life cycle assessment (LCA) evaluating the environmental impact of new bottom-up lithography versus conventional lithographic techniques. Quantification of this impact is central to verifying whether these new nanofabrication routes can replace conventional deposition techniques in industry as a more environmentally friendly option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Mullen
- CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, D02 W085 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael A. Morris
- CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, D02 W085 Dublin, Ireland
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31
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Konefał M, Černoch P, Patsula V, Pavlova E, Dybal J, Załęski K, Zhigunov A. Enhanced Ordering of Block Copolymer Thin Films upon Addition of Magnetic Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:9195-9205. [PMID: 33565869 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The influence of magnetite nanoparticles coated with poly(acrylic acid) (Fe3O4@PAA NPs) on the organization of block copolymer thin films via a self-assembly process was investigated. Polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine) films were obtained by the dip-coating method and thoroughly examined by X-ray reflectivity, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and grazing incidence small-angle scattering. Magnetic properties of the films were probed via superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry. It was demonstrated that due to the hydrogen bonding between P4VP and PAA, the Fe3O4@PAA NPs segregate selectively inside P4VP domains, enhancing the microphase separation process. This in turn, together with employing carefully optimized dip-coating parameters, results in the formation of hybrid thin films with highly ordered nanostructures. The addition of Fe3O4@PAA nanoparticles does not change the average interdomain spacing in the film lateral nanostructure. Moreover, it was shown that the nanoparticles can easily be removed to obtain well-ordered nanoporous templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Konefał
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Černoch
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vitalii Patsula
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ewa Pavlova
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Dybal
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Karol Załęski
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Alexander Zhigunov
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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32
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Selkirk A, Prochukhan N, Lundy R, Cummins C, Gatensby R, Kilbride R, Parnell A, Baez Vasquez J, Morris M, Mokarian-Tabari P. Optimization and Control of Large Block Copolymer Self-Assembly via Precision Solvent Vapor Annealing. Macromolecules 2021; 54:1203-1215. [PMID: 34276069 PMCID: PMC8280752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of ultra-high molecular weight (UHMW) block copolymers (BCPs) remains a complex and time-consuming endeavor owing to the high kinetic penalties associated with long polymer chain entanglement. In this work, we report a unique strategy of overcoming these kinetic barriers through precision solvent annealing of an UHMW polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) BCP system (M w: ∼800 kg/mol) by fast swelling to very high levels of solvent concentration (ϕs). Phase separation on timescales of ∼10 min is demonstrated once a thickness-dependent threshold ϕs value of ∼0.80-0.86 is achieved, resulting in lamellar feature spacings of over 190 nm. The threshold ϕs value was found to be greater for films with higher dry thickness (D 0) values. Tunability of the domain morphology is achieved through controlled variation of both D 0 and ϕs, with the kinetically unstable hexagonal perforated lamellar (HPL) phase observed at ϕs values of ∼0.67 and D 0 values of 59-110 nm. This HPL phase can be controllably induced into an order-order transition to a lamellar morphology upon further increase of ϕs to 0.80 or above. As confirmed by grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering, the lateral ordering of the lamellar domains is shown to improve with increasing ϕs up to a maximum value at which the films transition to a disordered state. Thicker films are shown to possess a higher maximum ϕs value before transitioning to a disordered state. The swelling rate is shown to moderately influence the lateral ordering of the phase-separated structures, while the amount of hold time at a particular value of ϕs does not notably enhance the phase separation process. These large period self-assembled lamellar domains are then employed to facilitate pattern transfer using a liquid-phase infiltration method, followed by plasma etching, generating ordered, high aspect ratio Si nanowall structures with spacings of ∼190 nm and heights of up to ∼500 nm. This work underpins the feasibility of a room-temperature, solvent-based annealing approach for the reliable and scalable fabrication of sub-wavelength nanostructures via BCP lithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Selkirk
- Advanced
Material and BioEngineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- School
of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The
University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Nadezda Prochukhan
- Advanced
Material and BioEngineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- School
of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The
University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ross Lundy
- Advanced
Material and BioEngineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- School
of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The
University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Cian Cummins
- CNRS,
Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629 and CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal,
UMR 5031, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac F-33600, France
| | - Riley Gatensby
- Advanced
Material and BioEngineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- School
of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The
University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Rachel Kilbride
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
| | - Andrew Parnell
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
| | - Jhonattan Baez Vasquez
- Advanced
Material and BioEngineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- School
of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The
University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Michael Morris
- Advanced
Material and BioEngineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- School
of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The
University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Parvaneh Mokarian-Tabari
- Advanced
Material and BioEngineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- School
of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The
University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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33
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Singh M, Wu W, Basutkar MN, Strzalka J, Al-Enizi AM, Douglas JF, Karim A. Ultra-Fast Vertical Ordering of Lamellar Block Copolymer Films on Unmodified Substrates. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maninderjeet Singh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Wenjie Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Monali N. Basutkar
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Joseph Strzalka
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Abdullah M. Al-Enizi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jack F. Douglas
- Material Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Alamgir Karim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
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34
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Cummins C, Alvarez-Fernandez A, Bentaleb A, Hadziioannou G, Ponsinet V, Fleury G. Strategy for Enhancing Ultrahigh-Molecular-Weight Block Copolymer Chain Mobility to Access Large Period Sizes (>100 nm). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:13872-13880. [PMID: 33175555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Assembling ultrahigh-molecular-weight (UHMW) block copolymers (BCPs) in rapid time scales is perceived as a grand challenge in polymer science due to slow kinetics. Through surface engineering and identifying a nonvolatile solvent (propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, PGMEA), we showcase the impressive ability of a series of lamellar poly(styrene)-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P2VP) BCPs to self-assemble directly after spin-coating. In particular, we show the formation of large-period (≈111 nm) lamellar structures from a neat UHMW PS-b-P2VP BCP. The significant influence of solvent-polymer solubility parameters are explored to enhance the polymer chain mobility. After optimization using solvent vapor annealing, increased feature order of ultralarge-period PS-b-P2VP BCP patterns in 1 h is achieved. Isolated metallic and dielectric features are also demonstrated to exemplify the promise that large BCP periods offer for functional applications. The methods described in this article center on industry-compatible patterning schemes, solvents, and deposition techniques. Thus, our straightforward UHMW BCP strategy potentially paves a viable and practical path forward for large-scale integration in various sectors, e.g., photonic band gaps, polarizers, and membranes that demand ultralarge period sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cian Cummins
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR 5031, 115 Avenue Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Alberto Alvarez-Fernandez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K
| | - Ahmed Bentaleb
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR 5031, 115 Avenue Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France
| | | | - Virginie Ponsinet
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR 5031, 115 Avenue Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Guillaume Fleury
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
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35
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Alvarez-Fernandez A, Nallet F, Fontaine P, Cummins C, Hadziioannou G, Barois P, Fleury G, Ponsinet V. Large area Al 2O 3-Au raspberry-like nanoclusters from iterative block-copolymer self-assembly. RSC Adv 2020; 10:41088-41097. [PMID: 35519210 PMCID: PMC9057902 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08730k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of functional nanomaterials, core–satellite nanoclusters have recently elicited great interest due to their unique optoelectronic properties. However, core–satellite synthetic routes to date are hampered by delicate and multistep reaction conditions and no practical method has been reported for the ordering of these structures onto a surface monolayer. Herein we show a reproducible and simplified thin film process to fabricate bimetallic raspberry nanoclusters using block copolymer (BCP) lithography. The fabricated inorganic raspberry nanoclusters consisted of a ∼36 nm alumina core decorated with ∼15 nm Au satellites after infusing multilayer BCP nanopatterns. A series of cylindrical BCPs with different molecular weights allowed us to dial in specific nanodot periodicities (from 30 to 80 nm). Highly ordered BCP nanopatterns were then selectively infiltrated with alumina and Au species to develop multi-level bimetallic raspberry features. Microscopy and X-ray reflectivity analysis were used at each fabrication step to gain further mechanistic insights and understand the infiltration process. Furthermore, grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering studies of infiltrated films confirmed the excellent order and vertical orientation over wafer scale areas of Al2O3/Au raspberry nanoclusters. We believe our work demonstrates a robust strategy towards designing hybrid nanoclusters since BCP blocks can be infiltrated with various low cost salt-based precursors. The highly controlled nanocluster strategy disclosed here could have wide ranging uses, in particular for metasurface and optical based sensor applications. Large area Al2O3–Au raspberry-like nanoclusters and other complex structures have been created by iterative block-copolymer self-assembly, paving the way to a new generation of on-demand metallic architectures.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Alvarez-Fernandez
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR 5031 115 Avenue Schweitzer 33600 Pessac France.,CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629 F-33600 Pessac France .,Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London Torrington Place London WC1E 7JE UK
| | - Frédéric Nallet
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR 5031 115 Avenue Schweitzer 33600 Pessac France
| | - Philippe Fontaine
- Synchrotron SOLEIL L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin-BP 48 F-91192 Gif-sur Yvette Cedex France
| | - Cian Cummins
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR 5031 115 Avenue Schweitzer 33600 Pessac France.,CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629 F-33600 Pessac France
| | | | - Philippe Barois
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR 5031 115 Avenue Schweitzer 33600 Pessac France
| | - Guillaume Fleury
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629 F-33600 Pessac France
| | - Virginie Ponsinet
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR 5031 115 Avenue Schweitzer 33600 Pessac France
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36
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Ito T, Coceancigh H, Yi Y, Sharma JN, Parks FC, Flood AH. Nanoporous Thin Films Formed from Photocleavable Diblock Copolymers on Gold Substrates Modified with Thiolate Self-Assembled Monolayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:9259-9268. [PMID: 32683869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanoporous thin films formed on electrodes are considered functional elements of electrochemical sensing systems, thus motivating methods for their development. We report a preparative strategy detailing the effects of surface modification of gold substrates with thiolate self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on the properties of nanoporous thin films derived from polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) having a photocleavable o-nitrobenzyl ester junction (PS-hν-PEO). Two PS-hν-PEO having similar PEO volume fractions (≈0.2) but different molecular weights (10 and 23 kg/mol) were used to prepare films (30-100 nm thick) spin-cast on gold substrates unmodified and modified with cysteamine, thioctic acid, and 6-hydroxy-1-hexanethiol SAMs. Solvent vapor annealing followed by PEO removal led to the formation of nanopores with average diameters of 12 and 19 nm from the smaller and larger PS-hν-PEO, respectively. Cyclic voltammograms of 1,1'-ferrocenedimethanol showed that nanoporous films on cysteamine SAMs afforded nanopores reaching the underlying substrates at higher density than those on the other substrates. This result was attributed to balanced affinity of the cysteamine SAM surface with PS and PEO, which enhanced the vertical orientation of PEO microdomains. The generation of carboxyl groups associated with the photocleavage reaction was revealed by pH-dependent changes in the voltammogram of Fe(CN)63- that reflected electrostatic effects regulated by the protonation state of the carboxyl groups. The SAMs underneath the nanoporous films could be replaced by treatment with a thiol solution, as verified by voltammograms of l-ascorbic acid. These results suggest that thiolate SAM modification provides a simple means to control the interfacial orientation of PEO microdomains in thin PS-hν-PEO films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-0401, United States
| | - Herman Coceancigh
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-0401, United States
| | - Yi Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Jay N Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-0401, United States
| | - Fred C Parks
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Amar H Flood
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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37
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Löfstrand A, Svensson J, Wernersson LE, Maximov I. Feature size control using surface reconstruction temperature in block copolymer lithography for InAs nanowire growth. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:325303. [PMID: 32330916 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab8cef] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Here we present a method to control the size of the openings in hexagonally organized BCP thin films of poly(styrene)-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) by using surface reconstruction. The surface reconstruction is based on selective swelling of the P4VP block in ethanol, and its extraction to the surface of the film, resulting in pores upon drying. We found that the BCP pore diameter increases with ethanol immersion temperature. In our case, the temperature range 18 to 60 °C allowed fine-tuning of the pore size between 14 and 22 nm. A conclusion is that even though the molecular weight of the respective polymer blocks is fixed, the PS-b-P4VP pore diameter can be tuned by controlling temperature during surface reconstruction. These results can be used for BCP-based nanofabrication in general, and for vertical nanowire growth in particular, where high pattern density and diameter control are of importance. Finally, we demonstrate successful growth of indium arsenide InAs vertical nanowires by selective-area metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE), using a silicon nitride mask patterned by the proposed PS-b-P4VP surface reconstruction lithography method.
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38
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Cummins C, Mantione D, Cruciani F, Pino G, Demazy N, Shi Y, Portale G, Hadziioannou G, Fleury G. Rapid Self-Assembly and Sequential Infiltration Synthesis of High χ Fluorine-Containing Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cian Cummins
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33600 Pessac, France
- CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR 5031Univ. Bordeaux, 115 Avenue Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Daniele Mantione
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Federico Cruciani
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Guillaume Pino
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Nils Demazy
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Yulin Shi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Portale
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Guillaume Fleury
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33600 Pessac, France
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Rejek T, Schweizer P, Joch D, Portilla L, Spiecker E, Halik M. Buried Microphase Separation by Dynamic Interplay of Crystallization and Microphase Separation in Semicrystalline PEO-Rich PS- b-PEO Block Copolymer Thin Films. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Rejek
- Organic Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Materials, Department of Materials Science, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Schweizer
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel Joch
- Organic Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Materials, Department of Materials Science, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luis Portilla
- Organic Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Materials, Department of Materials Science, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erdmann Spiecker
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marcus Halik
- Organic Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Materials, Department of Materials Science, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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40
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Ghosh S, Mukherjee A, Arroyave R, Douglas JF. Impact of particle arrays on phase separation composition patterns. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:224902. [PMID: 32534548 DOI: 10.1063/5.0007859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We examine the symmetry-breaking effect of fixed constellations of particles on the surface-directed spinodal decomposition of binary blends in the presence of particles whose surfaces have a preferential affinity for one of the components. Our phase-field simulations indicate that the phase separation morphology in the presence of particle arrays can be tuned to have a continuous, droplet, lamellar, or hybrid morphology depending on the interparticle spacing, blend composition, and time. In particular, when the interparticle spacing is large compared to the spinodal wavelength, a transient target pattern composed of alternate rings of preferred and non-preferred phases emerges at early times, tending to adopt the symmetry of the particle configuration. We reveal that such target patterns stabilize for certain characteristic length, time, and composition scales characteristic of the pure phase-separating mixture. To illustrate the general range of phenomena exhibited by mixture-particle systems, we simulate the effects of single-particle, multi-particle, and cluster-particle systems having multiple geometrical configurations of the particle characteristic of pattern substrates on phase separation. Our simulations show that tailoring the particle configuration, or substrate pattern configuration, a relative fluid-particle composition should allow the desirable control of the phase separation morphology as in block copolymer materials, but where the scales accessible to this approach of organizing phase-separated fluids usually are significantly larger. Limited experiments confirm the trends observed in our simulations, which should provide some guidance in engineering patterned blend and other mixtures of technological interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriyo Ghosh
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Arnab Mukherjee
- Center for Hierarchical Materials Design, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Raymundo Arroyave
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Jack F Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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41
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Akinoglu GE, Mir SH, Gatensby R, Rydzek G, Mokarian-Tabari P. Block Copolymer Derived Vertically Coupled Plasmonic Arrays for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:23410-23416. [PMID: 32374582 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy sensing template consisting of gold-covered nanopillars is developed. The plasmonic slab consists of a perforated gold film at the base of the nanopillars and a Babinet complementary dot array on top of the pillars. The nanopillars were fabricated by the incorporation of an iron salt precursor into a self-assembled block copolymer thin film and subsequent reactive ion etching. The preparation is easy, scalable, and cost-effective. We report on the increase in surface-enhanced Raman scattering efficiency for smaller pillar heights and stronger coupling between the dot array and perforated gold film with average enhancement factors as high as 107. In addition, the block copolymer-derived templates show an excellent relative standard deviation of 8% in the measurement of the Raman intensity. Finite difference time domain simulations were performed to investigate the nature of the electromagnetic near-field enhancement and to identify plasmonic hot spots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goekalp Engin Akinoglu
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- The School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Physics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sajjad Husain Mir
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- The School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Riley Gatensby
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- The School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Gaulthier Rydzek
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- The School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Parvaneh Mokarian-Tabari
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- The School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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42
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Qu T, Guan S, Zheng X, Chen A. Perpendicularly aligned nanodomains on versatile substrates via rapid thermal annealing assisted by liquid crystalline ordering in block copolymer films. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:1523-1530. [PMID: 36132323 PMCID: PMC9418532 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00057d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The highly ordered perpendicularly aligned cylindrical and lamellar microdomains within block copolymer (BCP) films have important applications in diverse fields. However, the fast normal orientation of self-assembled nanostructures on arbitrary substrates without tedious pre- and postprocessing has been a challenging issue in manufacturing miniaturized devices. Here, we outline the potential for extending the hierarchical self-assembly within azobenzene-containing PS-b-PMA(Az) films to inherently assist in the formation of normally aligned domains using a rapid thermal annealing process (140 °C for 5 min). Liquid crystalline (LC) mesogens in PS-b-PMA(Az) films self-assemble to form a parallelly aligned sematic phase after thermal annealing, as confirmed by grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectra. This sub-phase contributes to broadening of the PS-cylinder-phase window (0.083 ≤ f PS < 0.49) and ∼12 nm PS cylinder structures. Perpendicular cylinders or lamellae are observed on various substrates, such as silicon wafers, flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sheets and conductive aluminum foils. Additionally, the good reactive ion etching (RIE) rate difference between the two blocks makes these BCPs more attractive for advancing the field of BCP lithographic applications for fabricating flexible microelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Qu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Song Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Aihua Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
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43
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Subramanian A, Tiwale N, Doerk G, Kisslinger K, Nam CY. Enhanced Hybridization and Nanopatterning via Heated Liquid-Phase Infiltration into Self-Assembled Block Copolymer Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:1444-1453. [PMID: 31786911 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrids featuring tunable material properties can be readily generated by applying vapor- or liquid-phase infiltration (VPI or LPI) of inorganic materials into organic templates, with resulting properties controlled by type and quantity of infiltrated inorganics. While LPI offers more diverse choices of infiltratable elements, it tends to yield smaller infiltration amount than VPI, but the attempt to address the issue has been rarely reported. Here, we demonstrate a facile temperature-enhanced LPI method to control and drastically increase the quantity and kinetics of Pt infiltration into self-assembled polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) block copolymer (BCP) thin films. By applying LPI at mildly elevated temperatures (40-80 °C), we showcase controllable optical functionality of hybrid BCP films along with conductive three-dimensional (3D) inorganic nanostructures. Structural analysis reveals enhanced metal loading into the BCP matrix at higher LPI temperatures, suggesting multiple metal ion infiltration per monomer of P2VP. Combining temperature-enhanced LPI with hierarchical multilayer BCP self-assembly, we generate BCP-metal hybrid optical coatings featuring tunable antireflective properties as well as scalable conductive 3D Pt nanomesh structures. Enhanced material infiltration and control by temperature-enhanced LPI not only enables tunability of organic-inorganic hybrid nanostructures and properties but also expands the application of BCPs for generating uniquely functional inorganic nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwanth Subramanian
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering , Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York 11794 , United States
| | - Nikhil Tiwale
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973 , United States
| | - Gregory Doerk
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973 , United States
| | - Kim Kisslinger
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973 , United States
| | - Chang-Yong Nam
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering , Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York 11794 , United States
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44
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Spiridon MC, Demazy N, Brochon C, Cloutet E, Hadziioannou G, Aissou K, Fleury G. Optical Alignment of Si-Containing Nanodomains Formed by Photoresponsive Amorphous Block Copolymer Thin Films. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nils Demazy
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Cyril Brochon
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Eric Cloutet
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | | | - Karim Aissou
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Guillaume Fleury
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
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45
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Yi C, Yang Y, Liu B, He J, Nie Z. Polymer-guided assembly of inorganic nanoparticles. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 49:465-508. [PMID: 31845685 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00725c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of inorganic nanoparticles is of great importance in realizing their enormous potentials for broad applications due to the advanced collective properties of nanoparticle ensembles. Various molecular ligands (e.g., small molecules, DNAs, proteins, and polymers) have been used to assist the organization of inorganic nanoparticles into functional structures at different hierarchical levels. Among others, polymers are particularly attractive for use in nanoparticle assembly, because of the complex architectures and rich functionalities of assembled structures enabled by polymers. Polymer-guided assembly of nanoparticles has emerged as a powerful route to fabricate functional materials with desired mechanical, optical, electronic or magnetic properties for a broad range of applications such as sensing, nanomedicine, catalysis, energy storage/conversion, data storage, electronics and photonics. In this review article, we summarize recent advances in the polymer-guided self-assembly of inorganic nanoparticles in both bulk thin films and solution, with an emphasis on the role of polymers in the assembly process and functions of resulting nanostructures. Precise control over the location/arrangement, interparticle interaction, and packing of inorganic nanoparticles at various scales are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China.
| | - Yiqun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China.
| | - Ben Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China and Department of Chemistry and Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06268, USA.
| | - Jie He
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06268, USA.
| | - Zhihong Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China.
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46
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Barick BK, Simon A, Weisbord I, Shomrat N, Segal-Peretz T. Tin oxide nanostructure fabrication via sequential infiltration synthesis in block copolymer thin films. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 557:537-545. [PMID: 31550646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Tin oxide (SnO2) nanostructures are attractive for sensing, catalysis, and optoelectronic applications. Here we investigate the fabrication of SnOx nanostructures through sequential infiltration synthesis (SIS) in block copolymer (BCP) film templates. While the growth of metal and metal oxides within polymers and BCP films via SIS has been demonstrated until now using small precursors such as trimethyl aluminum and diethyl zinc, we hypothesize that SIS can be performed using larger precursors and demonstrate SnOx SIS with tetrakis(dimethylamino)tin (TDMASn) and hydrogen peroxide. Tuning the SIS reaction and BCP chemistry resulted in highly ordered, polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinyl pyridine) (P2VP)-templated porous SnOx - AlOx and SnOx nanostructures. Detailed investigation using in-situ microbalance, high resolution electron microscopy, elemental analysis and infra-red spectroscopy shows that SnOx can directly grow within P2VP homopolymer and BCP films. Simultaneously with the growth, SnOx SIS process also contributes to the polymer etch. Performing SnOx SIS with pretreatment of a single AlOx SIS cycle increases the SnOx growth and protects the BCP template from etching. This is the first report of SnOx SIS opening a pathway for additional tetrakis-based organometallic precursors to be utilized in growth processes within polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barun K Barick
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Assaf Simon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Inbal Weisbord
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Neta Shomrat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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47
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Cheng X, Böker A, Tsarkova L. Temperature-Controlled Solvent Vapor Annealing of Thin Block Copolymer Films. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1312. [PMID: 31390732 PMCID: PMC6722758 DOI: 10.3390/polym11081312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Solvent vapor annealing is as an effective and versatile alternative to thermal annealing to equilibrate and control the assembly of polymer chains in thin films. Here, we present scientific and practical aspects of the solvent vapor annealing method, including the discussion of such factors as non-equilibrium conformational states and chain dynamics in thin films in the presence of solvent. Homopolymer and block copolymer films have been used in model studies to evaluate the robustness and the reproducibility of the solvent vapor processing, as well as to assess polymer-solvent interactions under confinement. Advantages of utilizing a well-controlled solvent vapor environment, including practically interesting regimes of weakly saturated vapor leading to poorly swollen states, are discussed. Special focus is given to dual temperature control over the set-up instrumentation and to the potential of solvo-thermal annealing. The evaluated insights into annealing dynamics derived from the studies on block copolymer films can be applied to improve the processing of thin films of crystalline and conjugated polymers as well as polymer composite in confined geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Cheng
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Geiselbergstr. 69, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Polymermaterialien und Polymertechnologie, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alexander Böker
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Geiselbergstr. 69, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Polymermaterialien und Polymertechnologie, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Larisa Tsarkova
- Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West (DNTW), Adlerstr. 1, 47798 Krefeld, Germany.
- Chair of Colloid Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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48
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Jiang Z, Alam MM, Cheng HH, Blakey I, Whittaker AK. Spatial arrangement of block copolymer nanopatterns using a photoactive homopolymer substrate. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:3078-3085. [PMID: 36133582 PMCID: PMC9418028 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00095j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Spatial control of the orientation of block copolymers (BCPs) in thin films offers enormous opportunities for practical nanolithography applications. In this study, we demonstrate the use of a substrate comprised of poly(4-acetoxystyrene) to spatially control interfacial interactions and block copolymer orientation over different length scales. Upon UV irradiation poly(4-acetoxystyrene) undergoes a photo-Fries rearrangement yielding phenolic groups available for further functionalization. The wetting behaviour of PS-b-PMMA deposited on the poly(4-acetoxystyrene) films could be precisely controlled through controlling the UV irradiation dose. After exposure, and a mild post-exposure treatment, the substrate switches from asymmetric, to neutral and then to symmetric wetting. Upon exposure through photomasks, a range of high fidelity micro-patterns consisting of perpendicularly oriented lamellar microdomains were generated. Furthermore, the resolution of chemically patterned poly(4-acetoxystyrene) substrate could be further narrowed to submicrometer scale using electron beam lithography. When the BCP was annealed on an e-beam modified poly(4-acetoxystyrene) surface, the interface between domains of parallel and perpendicular orientation of the BCPs was well defined, especially when compared with the substrates patterned using the photomask.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Jiang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland St Lucia 4072 Australia
| | - Md Mahbub Alam
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland St Lucia 4072 Australia
| | - Han-Hao Cheng
- Australian National Fabrication Facility-QLD Node, The University of Queensland St Lucia 4072 Australia
| | - Idriss Blakey
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland St Lucia 4072 Australia
| | - Andrew K Whittaker
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland St Lucia 4072 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland St Lucia 4072 Australia
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49
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Subramanian A, Doerk G, Kisslinger K, Yi DH, Grubbs RB, Nam CY. Three-dimensional electroactive ZnO nanomesh directly derived from hierarchically self-assembled block copolymer thin films. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:9533-9546. [PMID: 31049522 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00206e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) nanoarchitectures can offer enhanced material properties, such as large surface areas that amplify the structures' interaction with environments making them useful for various sensing applications. Self-assembled block copolymers (BCPs) can readily generate various 3D nanomorphologies, but their conversion to useful inorganic materials remains one of the critical challenges against the practical application of self-assembled BCPs. This work reports the vapor-phase infiltration synthesis of optoelectrically active, 3D ZnO nanomesh architectures by combining hierarchical successive stacking of self-assembled, lamellar-phase polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P2VP) BCP thin films and a modified block-selective vapor-phase material infiltration protocol. The 3D ZnO nanomesh exhibits optoelectrical functionality, featuring stack-layer-number-dependent electrical conductance resembling the percolative transport originating from the intrinsic morphological network connectivity of the lamellar BCP pattern with symmetric block ratio. The results not only illustrate the first demonstration of electrical functionality based on the ZnO nanoarchitecture directly generated by the infiltration synthesis in self-assembled BCP thin films but also present a new, large-area scalable, metal oxide thin film nanoarchitecture fabrication method utilizing industry-compatible polymer solution coating and atomic layer deposition. Given the large surface area, three-dimensional porosity, and readily scalable fabrication procedures, the generated ZnO nanomesh promises potential applications as an efficient active medium in chemical and optical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwanth Subramanian
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
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Liang K, Hui LS, Turak A. Probing the multi-step crystallization dynamics of micelle templated nanoparticles: structural evolution of single crystalline γ-Fe 2O 3. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:9076-9084. [PMID: 31026010 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00148d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized with narrow size distribution were characterized using Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and a superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer to investigate their composition, crystal structure and magnetic properties. Raman allowed us to explore the polymorphous transition of the iron oxide from the beginning of the synthesis process, as Raman can be used to monitor the precursors, the diblock-copolymer micelles and the resultant particles simultaneously under various processing steps. As different polymorphs possess distinct Raman active phonon modes, it also allows the identification of the exact phases of the resultant nanoparticles. Consequently, we show that the reverse micelle process results in pure phase nanoparticles only under certain conditions. Using insights obtained from examining the entire synthesis process, we can adjust the structure of small nanoparticles (∼6 nm) to achieve coercivity and saturation magnetization values that are usually only obtainable from larger particles (25 nm or larger). In this way, we show a route to tunable magnetic response based on the purity of the crystal phase rather than the particle size. By understanding the evolution of the entire synthesis process, it is possible to adjust the processing conditions to yield monodisperse single crystal phase nanoparticles for widespread use in a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyu Liang
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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