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Schafer EA, Maraj JJ, Kenney C, Sarles SA, Rivnay J. Droplet Polymer Bilayers for Bioelectronic Membrane Interfacing. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14391-14396. [PMID: 38748513 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Model membranes interfaced with bioelectronics allow for the exploration of fundamental cell processes and the design of biomimetic sensors. Organic conducting polymers are an attractive surface on which to study the electrical properties of membranes because of their low impedance, high biocompatibility, and hygroscopic nature. However, establishing supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) on conducting polymers has lagged significantly behind other substrate materials, namely, for challenges in membrane electrical sealing and stability. Unlike SLBs that are highly dependent on surface interactions, droplet interface bilayers (DIBs) and droplet hydrogel bilayers (DHBs) leverage the energetically favorable organization of phospholipids at atomically smooth liquid interfaces to build high-integrity membranes. For the first time, we report the formation of droplet polymer bilayers (DPBs) between a lipid-coated aqueous droplet and the high-performing conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). The resulting bilayers can be produced from a range of lipid compositions and demonstrate strong electrical sealing that outcompetes SLBs. DPBs are subsequently translated to patterned and planar microelectrode arrays to ease barriers to implementation and improve the reliability of membrane formation. This platform enables more reproducible and robust membranes on conducting polymers to further the mission of merging bioelectronics and synthetic, natural, or hybrid bilayer membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Schafer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Joshua J Maraj
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916, United States
| | - Camryn Kenney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Stephen A Sarles
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916, United States
| | - Jonathan Rivnay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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2
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Song J, Liu H, Zhao Z, Lin P, Yan F. Flexible Organic Transistors for Biosensing: Devices and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2300034. [PMID: 36853083 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and stretchable biosensors can offer seamless and conformable biological-electronic interfaces for continuously acquiring high-fidelity signals, permitting numerous emerging applications. Organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) are ideal transducers for flexible and stretchable biosensing due to their soft nature, inherent amplification function, biocompatibility, ease of functionalization, low cost, and device diversity. In consideration of the rapid advances in flexible-OTFT-based biosensors and their broad applications, herein, a timely and comprehensive review is provided. It starts with a detailed introduction to the features of various OTFTs including organic field-effect transistors and organic electrochemical transistors, and the functionalization strategies for biosensing, with a highlight on the seminal work and up-to-date achievements. Then, the applications of flexible-OTFT-based biosensors in wearable, implantable, and portable electronics, as well as neuromorphic biointerfaces are detailed. Subsequently, special attention is paid to emerging stretchable organic transistors including planar and fibrous devices. The routes to impart stretchability, including structural engineering and material engineering, are discussed, and the implementations of stretchable organic transistors in e-skin and smart textiles are included. Finally, the remaining challenges and the future opportunities in this field are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Song
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zeyu Zhao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Peng Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials and Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- Research Institute of Intelligent Wearable Systems, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
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3
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Lu Z, Barberio C, Fernandez-Villegas A, Withers A, Wheeler A, Kallitsis K, Martinelli E, Savva A, Hess BM, Pappa AM, Schierle GSK, Owens RM. Microelectrode Arrays Measure Blocking of Voltage-Gated Calcium Ion Channels on Supported Lipid Bilayers Derived from Primary Neurons. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2304301. [PMID: 38039435 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Drug studies targeting neuronal ion channels are crucial to understand neuronal function and develop therapies for neurological diseases. The traditional method to study neuronal ion-channel activities heavily relies on the whole-cell patch clamp as the industry standard. However, this technique is both technically challenging and labour-intensive, while involving the complexity of keeping cells alive with low throughput. Therefore, the shortcomings are limiting the efficiency of ion-channel-related neuroscience research and drug testing. Here, this work reports a new system of integrating neuron membranes with organic microelectrode arrays (OMEAs) for ion-channel-related drug studies. This work demonstrates that the supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) derived from both neuron-like (neuroblastoma) cells and primary neurons are integrated with OMEAs for the first time. The increased expression of voltage-gated calcium (CaV) ion channels on differentiated SH-SY5Y SLBs compared to non-differentiated ones is sensed electrically. Also, dose-response of the CaV ion-channel blocking effect on primary cortical neuronal SLBs from rats is monitored. The dose range causing ion channel blocking is comparable to literature. This system overcomes the major challenges from traditional methods (e.g., patch clamp) and showcases an easy-to-test, rapid, ultra-sensitive, cell-free, and high-throughput platform to monitor dose-dependent ion-channel blocking effects on native neuronal membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Chiara Barberio
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Ana Fernandez-Villegas
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Aimee Withers
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Alexandra Wheeler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Konstantinos Kallitsis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Eleonora Martinelli
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Achilleas Savva
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Becky M Hess
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99 354, USA
| | - Anna-Maria Pappa
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, 127788, UAE
- Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center (HEIC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, 127 788, UAE
| | - Gabriele S Kaminski Schierle
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Róisín M Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
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4
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Fahmy L, Ali YM, Seilly D, McCoy R, Owens RM, Pipan M, Christie G, Grant AJ. An attacin antimicrobial peptide, Hill_BB_C10074, from Hermetia illucens with anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa activity. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:378. [PMID: 38036998 PMCID: PMC10690985 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03131-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a global need to develop new therapies to treat infectious diseases and tackle the rise in antimicrobial resistance. To date, the larvae of the Black Solider Fly, Hermetia illucens, have the largest repertoire of antimicrobial peptides derived from insects. Antimicrobial peptides are of particular interest in the exploration of alternative antimicrobials due to their potent action and reduced propensity to induce resistance compared with more traditional antibiotics. RESULTS The predicted attacin from H. illucens, Hill_BB_C10074, was first identified in the transcriptome of H. illucens populations that had been fed a plant-oil based diet. In this study, recombinant Hill_BB_C10074 (500 µg/mL), was found to possess potent antimicrobial activity against the serious Gram-negative pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Sequence and structural homology modelling predicted that Hill_BB_C10074 formed a homotrimeric complex that may form pores in the Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane. In vitro experiments defined the antimicrobial action of Hill_BB_C10074 against P. aeruginosa and transmission electron microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed the outer membrane disruptive power of Hill_BB_C10074 which was greater than the clinically relevant antibiotic, polymyxin B. CONCLUSIONS Combining predictive tools with in vitro approaches, we have characterised Hill_BB_C10074 as an important insect antimicrobial peptide and promising candidate for the future development of clinical antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Fahmy
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Youssif M Ali
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Seilly
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Reece McCoy
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Róisín M Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Miha Pipan
- Better Origin, Future Business Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Graham Christie
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew J Grant
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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5
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de Souza‐Guerreiro TC, Bondelli G, Grobas I, Donini S, Sesti V, Bertarelli C, Lanzani G, Asally M, Paternò GM. Membrane Targeted Azobenzene Drives Optical Modulation of Bacterial Membrane Potential. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205007. [PMID: 36710255 PMCID: PMC10015841 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that bacterial membrane potential is dynamic and plays signaling roles. Yet, little is still known about the mechanisms of membrane potential dynamics regulation-owing to a scarcity of appropriate research tools. Optical modulation of bacterial membrane potential could fill this gap and provide a new approach for studying and controlling bacterial physiology and electrical signaling. Here, the authors show that a membrane-targeted azobenzene (Ziapin2) can be used to photo-modulate the membrane potential in cells of the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis. It is found that upon exposure to blue-green light (λ = 470 nm), isomerization of Ziapin2 in the bacteria membrane induces hyperpolarization of the potential. To investigate the origin of this phenomenon, ion-channel-deletion strains and ion channel blockers are examined. The authors found that in presence of the chloride channel blocker idanyloxyacetic acid-94 (IAA-94) or in absence of KtrAB potassium transporter, the hyperpolarization response is attenuated. These results reveal that the Ziapin2 isomerization can induce ion channel opening in the bacterial membrane and suggest that Ziapin2 can be used for studying and controlling bacterial electrical signaling. This new optical tool could contribute to better understand various microbial phenomena, such as biofilm electric signaling and antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaia Bondelli
- Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyIstituto Italiano di TeconologiaMilano20133Italy
| | - Iago Grobas
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry LaboratoryOxfordOX1 3QZUK
| | - Stefano Donini
- Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyIstituto Italiano di TeconologiaMilano20133Italy
| | - Valentina Sesti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di MilanoMilano20133Italy
| | - Chiara Bertarelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di MilanoMilano20133Italy
| | - Guglielmo Lanzani
- Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyIstituto Italiano di TeconologiaMilano20133Italy
- Department of PhysicsPolitecnico di MilanoMilano20133Italy
| | - Munehiro Asally
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | - Giuseppe Maria Paternò
- Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyIstituto Italiano di TeconologiaMilano20133Italy
- Department of PhysicsPolitecnico di MilanoMilano20133Italy
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6
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Arya SS, Morsy NK, Islayem DK, Alkhatib SA, Pitsalidis C, Pappa AM. Bacterial Membrane Mimetics: From Biosensing to Disease Prevention and Treatment. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13020189. [PMID: 36831955 PMCID: PMC9953710 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Plasma membrane mimetics can potentially play a vital role in drug discovery and immunotherapy owing to the versatility to assemble facilely cellular membranes on surfaces and/or nanoparticles, allowing for direct assessment of drug/membrane interactions. Recently, bacterial membranes (BMs) have found widespread applications in biomedical research as antibiotic resistance is on the rise, and bacteria-associated infections have become one of the major causes of death worldwide. Over the last decade, BM research has greatly benefited from parallel advancements in nanotechnology and bioelectronics, resulting in multifaceted systems for a variety of sensing and drug discovery applications. As such, BMs coated on electroactive surfaces are a particularly promising label-free platform to investigate interfacial phenomena, as well as interactions with drugs at the first point of contact: the bacterial membrane. Another common approach suggests the use of lipid-coated nanoparticles as a drug carrier system for therapies for infectious diseases and cancer. Herein, we discuss emerging platforms that make use of BMs for biosensing, bioimaging, drug delivery/discovery, and immunotherapy, focusing on bacterial infections and cancer. Further, we detail the synthesis and characteristics of BMs, followed by various models for utilizing them in biomedical applications. The key research areas required to augment the characteristics of bacterial membranes to facilitate wider applicability are also touched upon. Overall, this review provides an interdisciplinary approach to exploit the potential of BMs and current emerging technologies to generate novel solutions to unmet clinical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar S. Arya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nada K. Morsy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Deema K. Islayem
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sarah A. Alkhatib
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Charalampos Pitsalidis
- Department of Physics Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center (HEIC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Cambridge University, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB30AS, UK
| | - Anna-Maria Pappa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center (HEIC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Cambridge University, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB30AS, UK
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7
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Heo S, Kwon J, Sung M, Lee S, Cho Y, Jung H, You I, Yang C, Lee J, Noh YY. Large Transconductance of Electrochemical Transistors Based on Fluorinated Donor-Acceptor Conjugated Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:1629-1638. [PMID: 36592389 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have enormous potential for use in biosignal amplifiers, analyte sensors, and neuromorphic electronics owing to their exceptionally large transconductance. However, it is challenging to simultaneously achieve high charge carrier mobility and volumetric capacitance, the two most important figures of merit in OECTs. Herein, a method of achieving high-performance OECT with donor-acceptor conjugated copolymers by introducing fluorine units is proposed. A series of cyclopentadithiophene-benzothiadiazole (CDT-BT) copolymers for use in high-performance OECTs with enhanced charge carrier mobility (from 0.65 to 1.73 cm2·V-1·s-1) and extended volumetric capacitance (from 44.8 to 57.6 F·cm-3) by fluorine substitution is achieved. The increase in the volumetric capacitance of the fluorinated polymers is attributed to either an increase in the volume at which ions can enter the film or a decrease in the effective distance between the ions and polymer backbones. The fluorine substitution increases the backbone planarity of the CDT-BT copolymers, enabling more efficient charge carrier transport. The fluorination strategy of this work suggests the more versatile use of conjugated polymers for high-performance OECTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongmin Heo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Kwon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingi Sung
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Dongseo University, 47 Jurye-ro, Sasang-gu, Busan47011, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunglok Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjoon Cho
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Haksoon Jung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Insang You
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Changduk Yang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghoon Lee
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Dongseo University, 47 Jurye-ro, Sasang-gu, Busan47011, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Young Noh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang37673, Republic of Korea
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8
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Visualization of Antimicrobial-Induced Bacterial Membrane Disruption with a Bicolor AIEgen. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10070284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria are difficult to kill due to their complex cell envelope, including the outer membrane (OM) and cytoplasmic membrane (CM). To monitor the membranolytic action of antimicrobials on Gram-negative bacteria would facilitate the development of effective antimicrobials. In this paper, an aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) with microenvironment-sensitive properties was employed to indicate the interaction of antimicrobials with the OM and CM of Gram-negative bacteria. The damaged extent of OM and CM caused by antimicrobials with the change of dosage and incubation time can be visually captured based on the variation of two emission colors of IQ-Cm responding to OM-defective (green) and CM-disruptive bacteria (orange). Meanwhile, the activity assessment of antimicrobials can be easily realized within 1~2 h based on the distinct response of IQ-Cm to live and dead E. coli, which is much faster than the agar plate culture. This probe may shed light on the understanding of the interaction between the membrane-active antimicrobials and cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria and contribute to the future development of antimicrobials.
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9
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Tan E, Kim J, Stewart K, Pitsalidis C, Kwon S, Siemons N, Kim J, Jiang Y, Frost JM, Pearce D, Tyrrell JE, Nelson J, Owens RM, Kim YH, Kim JS. The Role of Long-Alkyl-Group Spacers in Glycolated Copolymers for High-Performance Organic Electrochemical Transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2202574. [PMID: 35474344 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting polymers with oligoethylene glycol (OEG) sidechains have attracted strong research interest for organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) applications. However, key molecular design rules for high-performance OECTs via efficient mixed electronic/ionic charge transport are still unclear. In this work, new glycolated copolymers (gDPP-TTT and gDPP-TTVTT) with diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) acceptor and thiophene (T) and vinylene (V) thiophene-based donor units are synthesized and characterized for accumulation mode OECTs, where a long-alkyl-group (C12 ) attached to the DPP unit acts as a spacer distancing the OEG groups from the polymer backbone. gDPP-TTVTT shows the highest OECT transconductance (61.9 S cm-1 ) and high operational stability, compared to gDPP-TTT and their alkylated counterparts. Surprisingly, gDPP-TTVTT also shows high electronic charge mobility in a field-effect transistor, suggesting efficient ion injection/diffusion without hindering its efficient electronic charge transport. The elongated donor unit (TTVTT) facilitates hole polaron formation to be more localized to the donor unit, leading to faster and easier polaron formation with less impact on polymer structure during OECT operation, as opposed to the TTT unit. This is supported by molecular dynamics simulation. These simultaneously high electronic and ionic charge-transport properties are achieved due to the long-alkyl-group spacer in amphipathic sidechains, providing an important molecular design rule for glycolated copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellasia Tan
- Department of Physics and the Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jingwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Green Energy Convergence Technology (RIGET), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 660-701, South Korea
| | - Katherine Stewart
- Department of Physics and the Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Charalampos Pitsalidis
- Department of Physics, Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center (HEIC), Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, P. O. Box 127788, UAE
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Sooncheol Kwon
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Nicholas Siemons
- Department of Physics and the Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jehan Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yifei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Green Energy Convergence Technology (RIGET), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 660-701, South Korea
| | - Jarvist M Frost
- Department of Physics and the Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Drew Pearce
- Experimental Solid State Physics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - James E Tyrrell
- Experimental Solid State Physics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jenny Nelson
- Department of Physics and the Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Roisin M Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Yun-Hi Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Green Energy Convergence Technology (RIGET), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 660-701, South Korea
| | - Ji-Seon Kim
- Department of Physics and the Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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10
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Tan STM, Gumyusenge A, Quill TJ, LeCroy GS, Bonacchini GE, Denti I, Salleo A. Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conduction, a Multifunctional Property in Organic Conductors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2110406. [PMID: 35434865 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors (OMIECs) have gained recent interest and rapid development due to their versatility in diverse applications ranging from sensing, actuation and computation to energy harvesting/storage, and information transfer. Their multifunctional properties arise from their ability to simultaneously participate in redox reactions as well as modulation of ionic and electronic charge density throughout the bulk of the material. Most importantly, the ability to access charge states with deep modulation through a large extent of its density of states and physical volume of the material enables OMIEC-based devices to display exciting new characteristics and opens up new degrees of freedom in device design. Leveraging the infinite possibilities of the organic synthetic toolbox, this perspective highlights several chemical and structural design approaches to modify OMIECs' properties important in device applications such as electronic and ionic conductivity, color, modulus, etc. Additionally, the ability for OMIECs to respond to external stimuli and transduce signals to myriad types of outputs has accelerated their development in smart systems. This perspective further illustrates how various stimuli such as electrical, chemical, and optical inputs fundamentally change OMIECs' properties dynamically and how these changes can be utilized in device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Ting Melissa Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Aristide Gumyusenge
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Tyler James Quill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Garrett Swain LeCroy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Giorgio Ernesto Bonacchini
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Giovanni Pascoli, 70/3, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Ilaria Denti
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Alberto Salleo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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11
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Yeon SY, Rho J, Kim Y, Chung TD. Reverse electrodialysis for emerging applications. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Yi Yeon
- Department of Chemistry Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jihun Rho
- Department of Chemistry Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Yunju Kim
- Department of Chemistry Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Dong Chung
- Department of Chemistry Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
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12
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Pitsalidis C, Pappa AM, Boys AJ, Fu Y, Moysidou CM, van Niekerk D, Saez J, Savva A, Iandolo D, Owens RM. Organic Bioelectronics for In Vitro Systems. Chem Rev 2021; 122:4700-4790. [PMID: 34910876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectronics have made strides in improving clinical diagnostics and precision medicine. The potential of bioelectronics for bidirectional interfacing with biology through continuous, label-free monitoring on one side and precise control of biological activity on the other has extended their application scope to in vitro systems. The advent of microfluidics and the considerable advances in reliability and complexity of in vitro models promise to eventually significantly reduce or replace animal studies, currently the gold standard in drug discovery and toxicology testing. Bioelectronics are anticipated to play a major role in this transition offering a much needed technology to push forward the drug discovery paradigm. Organic electronic materials, notably conjugated polymers, having demonstrated technological maturity in fields such as solar cells and light emitting diodes given their outstanding characteristics and versatility in processing, are the obvious route forward for bioelectronics due to their biomimetic nature, among other merits. This review highlights the advances in conjugated polymers for interfacing with biological tissue in vitro, aiming ultimately to develop next generation in vitro systems. We showcase in vitro interfacing across multiple length scales, involving biological models of varying complexity, from cell components to complex 3D cell cultures. The state of the art, the possibilities, and the challenges of conjugated polymers toward clinical translation of in vitro systems are also discussed throughout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Pitsalidis
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Anna-Maria Pappa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE
| | - Alexander J Boys
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.,Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K
| | - Chrysanthi-Maria Moysidou
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Douglas van Niekerk
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Janire Saez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.,Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, BIOMICs Microfluidics Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Miguel de Unamuno, 3, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Achilleas Savva
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Donata Iandolo
- INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, Université Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, Université de Lyon, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Róisín M Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
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13
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Natural Peptides Inducing Cancer Cell Death: Mechanisms and Properties of Specific Candidates for Cancer Therapeutics. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247453. [PMID: 34946535 PMCID: PMC8708364 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, cancer has become the second highest leading cause of death, and it is expected to continue to affect the population in forthcoming years. Additionally, treatment options will become less accessible to the public as cases continue to grow and disease mechanisms expand. Hence, specific candidates with confirmed anticancer effects are required to develop new drugs. Among the novel therapeutic options, proteins are considered a relevant source, given that they have bioactive peptides encrypted within their sequences. These bioactive peptides, which are molecules consisting of 2–50 amino acids, have specific activities when administered, producing anticancer effects. Current databases report the effects of peptides. However, uncertainty is found when their molecular mechanisms are investigated. Furthermore, analyses addressing their interaction networks or their directly implicated mechanisms are needed to elucidate their effects on cancer cells entirely. Therefore, relevant peptides considered as candidates for cancer therapeutics with specific sequences and known anticancer mechanisms were accurately reviewed. Likewise, those features which turn certain peptides into candidates and the mechanisms by which peptides mediate tumor cell death were highlighted. This information will make robust the knowledge of these candidate peptides with recognized mechanisms and enhance their non-toxic capacity in relation to healthy cells and further avoid cell resistance.
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14
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Trinidad-Calderón PA, Varela-Chinchilla CD, García-Lara S. Natural Peptides Inducing Cancer Cell Death: Mechanisms and Properties of Specific Candidates for Cancer Therapeutics. Molecules 2021. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26247453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, cancer has become the second highest leading cause of death, and it is expected to continue to affect the population in forthcoming years. Additionally, treatment options will become less accessible to the public as cases continue to grow and disease mechanisms expand. Hence, specific candidates with confirmed anticancer effects are required to develop new drugs. Among the novel therapeutic options, proteins are considered a relevant source, given that they have bioactive peptides encrypted within their sequences. These bioactive peptides, which are molecules consisting of 2–50 amino acids, have specific activities when administered, producing anticancer effects. Current databases report the effects of peptides. However, uncertainty is found when their molecular mechanisms are investigated. Furthermore, analyses addressing their interaction networks or their directly implicated mechanisms are needed to elucidate their effects on cancer cells entirely. Therefore, relevant peptides considered as candidates for cancer therapeutics with specific sequences and known anticancer mechanisms were accurately reviewed. Likewise, those features which turn certain peptides into candidates and the mechanisms by which peptides mediate tumor cell death were highlighted. This information will make robust the knowledge of these candidate peptides with recognized mechanisms and enhance their non-toxic capacity in relation to healthy cells and further avoid cell resistance.
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15
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Jayaram AK, Pappa AM, Ghosh S, Manzer ZA, Traberg WC, Knowles TPJ, Daniel S, Owens RM. Biomembranes in bioelectronic sensing. Trends Biotechnol 2021; 40:107-123. [PMID: 34229865 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell membranes are integral to the functioning of the cell and are therefore key to drive fundamental understanding of biological processes for downstream applications. Here, we review the current state-of-the-art with respect to biomembrane systems and electronic substrates, with a view of how the field has evolved towards creating biomimetic conditions and improving detection sensitivity. Of particular interest are conducting polymers, a class of electroactive polymers, which have the potential to create the next step-change for bioelectronics devices. Lastly, we discuss the impact these types of devices could have for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Jayaram
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, UK; Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0JH, UK
| | - A M Pappa
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, CB30AS Cambridge, UK
| | - S Ghosh
- RF Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Olin Hall, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Z A Manzer
- RF Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Olin Hall, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - W C Traberg
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, CB30AS Cambridge, UK
| | - T P J Knowles
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, UK; Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0JH, UK
| | - S Daniel
- RF Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Olin Hall, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - R M Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, CB30AS Cambridge, UK.
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16
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Neutron reflectometry study of the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions: Effects of electrolyte concentration, applied electric field, and lipid adsorption. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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17
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Diacci C, Abedi T, Lee JW, Gabrielsson EO, Berggren M, Simon DT, Niittylä T, Stavrinidou E. Diurnal in vivo xylem sap glucose and sucrose monitoring using implantable organic electrochemical transistor sensors. iScience 2021; 24:101966. [PMID: 33474535 PMCID: PMC7803653 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioelectronic devices that convert biochemical signals to electronic readout enable biosensing with high spatiotemporal resolution. These technologies have been primarily applied in biomedicine while in plants sensing is mainly based on invasive methods that require tissue sampling, hindering in-vivo detection and having poor spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we developed enzymatic biosensors based on organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) for in-vivo and real-time monitoring of sugar fluctuations in the vascular tissue of trees. The glucose and sucrose OECT-biosensors were implanted into the vascular tissue of trees and were operated through a low-cost portable unit for 48hr. Our work consists a proof-of-concept study where implantable OECT-biosensors not only allow real-time monitoring of metabolites in plants but also reveal new insights into diurnal sugar homeostasis. We anticipate that this work will contribute to establishing bioelectronic technologies as powerful minimally invasive tools in plant science, agriculture and forestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Diacci
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Tayebeh Abedi
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umea, Sweden
| | - Jee Woong Lee
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Erik O. Gabrielsson
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Daniel T. Simon
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Totte Niittylä
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umea, Sweden
| | - Eleni Stavrinidou
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
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18
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Pappa AM, Liu HY, Traberg-Christensen W, Thiburce Q, Savva A, Pavia A, Salleo A, Daniel S, Owens RM. Optical and Electronic Ion Channel Monitoring from Native Human Membranes. ACS NANO 2020; 14:12538-12545. [PMID: 32469490 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Transmembrane proteins represent a major target for modulating cell activity, both in terms of therapeutics drugs and for pathogen interactions. Work on screening such therapeutics or identifying toxins has been severely limited by the lack of available methods that would give high content information on functionality (ideally multimodal) and that are suitable for high-throughput. Here, we have demonstrated a platform that is capable of multimodal (optical and electronic) screening of ligand gated ion-channel activity in human-derived membranes. The TREK-1 ion-channel was expressed within supported lipid bilayers, formed via vesicle fusion of blebs obtained from the HEK cell line overexpressing TREK-1. The resulting reconstituted native membranes were confirmed via fluorescence recovery after photobleaching to form mobile bilayers on top of films of the polymeric electroactive transducer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). PEDOT:PSS electrodes were then used for quantitative electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements of ligand-mediated TREK-1 interactions with two compounds, spadin and arachidonic acid, known to suppress and activate TREK-1 channels, respectively. PEDOT:PSS-based organic electrochemical transistors were then used for combined optical and electronic measurements of TREK-1 functionality. The technology demonstrated here is highly promising for future high-throughput screening of transmembrane protein modulators owing to the robust nature of the membrane integrated device and the highly quantitative electrical signals obtained. This is in contrast with live-cell-based electrophysiology assays (e.g., patch clamp) which compare poorly in terms of cost, usability, and compatibility with optical transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Pappa
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, CB30AS Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Han-Yuan Liu
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Olin Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Walther Traberg-Christensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, CB30AS Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Quentin Thiburce
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Achilleas Savva
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, CB30AS Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Aimie Pavia
- Department of Flexible Electronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, 13541 Gardanne, France
- Panaxium SAS, 13100 Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Alberto Salleo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Susan Daniel
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Olin Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Róisín M Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, CB30AS Cambridge, United Kingdom
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19
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Guerin E, Hill C. Shining Light on Human Gut Bacteriophages. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:481. [PMID: 33014897 PMCID: PMC7511551 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut is a complex environment that contains a multitude of microorganisms that are collectively termed the microbiome. Multiple factors have a role to play in driving the composition of human gut bacterial communities either toward homeostasis or the instability that is associated with many disease states. One of the most important forces are likely to be bacteriophages, bacteria-infecting viruses that constitute by far the largest portion of the human gut virome. Despite this, bacteriophages (phages) are the one of the least studied residents of the gut. This is largely due to the challenges associated with studying these difficult to culture entities. Modern high throughput sequencing technologies have played an important role in improving our understanding of the human gut phageome but much of the generated sequencing data remains uncharacterised. Overcoming this requires database-independent bioinformatic pipelines and even those phages that are successfully characterized only provide limited insight into their associated biological properties, and thus most viral sequences have been characterized as “viral dark matter.” Fundamental to understanding the role of phages in shaping the human gut microbiome, and in turn perhaps influencing human health, is how they interact with their bacterial hosts. An essential aspect is the isolation of novel phage-bacteria host pairs by direct isolation through various screening methods, which can transform in silico phages into a biological reality. However, this is also beset with multiple challenges including culturing difficulties and the use of traditional methods, such as plaquing, which may bias which phage-host pairs that can be successfully isolated. Phage-bacteria interactions may be influenced by many aspects of complex human gut biology which can be difficult to reproduce under laboratory conditions. Here we discuss some of the main findings associated with the human gut phageome to date including composition, our understanding of phage-host interactions, particularly the observed persistence of virulent phages and their hosts, as well as factors that may influence these highly intricate relationships. We also discuss current methodologies and bottlenecks hindering progression in this field and identify potential steps that may be useful in overcoming these hurdles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Guerin
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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20
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Hu D, Zou L, Gao Y, Jin Q, Ji J. Emerging nanobiomaterials against bacterial infections in postantibiotic era. VIEW 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dengfeng Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Lingyun Zou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Yifan Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Qiao Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
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21
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Liu HY, Pappa AM, Pavia A, Pitsalidis C, Thiburce Q, Salleo A, Owens RM, Daniel S. Self-Assembly of Mammalian-Cell Membranes on Bioelectronic Devices with Functional Transmembrane Proteins. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:7325-7331. [PMID: 32388991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Transmembrane proteins (TMPs) regulate processes occurring at the cell surface and are essential gatekeepers of information flow across the membrane. TMPs are difficult to study, given the complex environment of the membrane and its influence on protein conformation, mobility, biomolecule interaction, and activity. For the first time, we create mammalian biomembranes supported on a transparent, electrically conducting polymer surface, which enables dual electrical and optical monitoring of TMP function in its native membrane environment. Mammalian plasma membrane vesicles containing ATP-gated P2X2 ion channels self-assemble on a biocompatible polymer cushion that transduces the changes in ion flux during ATP exposure. This platform maintains the complexity of the native plasma membrane, the fluidity of its constituents, and protein orientation critical to ion channel function. We demonstrate the dual-modality readout using microscopy to characterize protein mobility by single-particle tracking and sensing of ATP gating of P2X2 using electrical impedance spectroscopy. This measurement of TMP activity important for pain sensing, neurological activity, and sensory activity raises new possibilities for drug screening and biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yuan Liu
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Olin Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Anna-Maria Pappa
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, CB30AS Cambridge, UK
| | - Aimie Pavia
- Department of Flexible Electronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, 13541 Gardanne, France
- Panaxium SAS, 13100 Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Charalampos Pitsalidis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, CB30AS Cambridge, UK
| | - Quentin Thiburce
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Alberto Salleo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Róisín M Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, CB30AS Cambridge, UK
| | - Susan Daniel
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Olin Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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22
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Schweicher G, Garbay G, Jouclas R, Vibert F, Devaux F, Geerts YH. Molecular Semiconductors for Logic Operations: Dead-End or Bright Future? ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905909. [PMID: 31965662 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The field of organic electronics has been prolific in the last couple of years, leading to the design and synthesis of several molecular semiconductors presenting a mobility in excess of 10 cm2 V-1 s-1 . However, it is also started to recently falter, as a result of doubtful mobility extractions and reduced industrial interest. This critical review addresses the community of chemists and materials scientists to share with it a critical analysis of the best performing molecular semiconductors and of the inherent charge transport physics that takes place in them. The goal is to inspire chemists and materials scientists and to give them hope that the field of molecular semiconductors for logic operations is not engaged into a dead end. To the contrary, it offers plenty of research opportunities in materials chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Schweicher
- Laboratoire de chimie des polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Guillaume Garbay
- Laboratoire de chimie des polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Rémy Jouclas
- Laboratoire de chimie des polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - François Vibert
- Laboratoire de chimie des polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Félix Devaux
- Laboratoire de chimie des polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Yves H Geerts
- Laboratoire de chimie des polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
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23
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Su H, Liu HY, Pappa AM, Hidalgo TC, Cavassin P, Inal S, Owens RM, Daniel S. Facile Generation of Biomimetic-Supported Lipid Bilayers on Conducting Polymer Surfaces for Membrane Biosensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:43799-43810. [PMID: 31659897 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b10303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Membrane biosensors that can rapidly sense pathogen interaction and disrupting agents are needed to identify and screen new drugs to combat antibiotic resistance. Bioelectronic devices have the capability to read out both ionic and electrical signals, but their compatibility with biological membranes is somewhat limited. Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) have served as useful biomimetics for a myriad of research topics involving biological membranes. However, SLBs are traditionally made on inert, rigid, inorganic surfaces. Here, we demonstrate a versatile and facile method for generating SLBs on a conducting polymer device using a solvent-assisted lipid bilayer (SALB) technique. We use this bioelectronic device to form both mammalian and bacterial membrane mimetics to sense the membrane interactions with a bacterial toxin (α-hemolysin) and an antibiotic compound (polymyxin B), respectively. Our results show that we can form high quality bilayers of both types and sense these particular interactions with them, discriminating between pore formation, in the case of α-hemolysin, and disruption of the bilayer, in the case of polymyxin B. The SALB formation method is compatible with many membrane compositions that will not form via common vesicle fusion methods and works well in microfluidic devices. This, combined with the massive parallelization possible for the fabrication of electronic devices, can lead to miniaturized multiplexed devices for rapid data acquisition necessary to identify antibiotic targets that specifically disrupt bacterial, but not mammalian membranes, or identify bacterial toxins that strongly interact with mammalian membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Su
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Han-Yuan Liu
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Anna-Maria Pappa
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0AS , U.K
| | - Tania Cecilia Hidalgo
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal , Makkah Province 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Priscila Cavassin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0AS , U.K
| | - Sahika Inal
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal , Makkah Province 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Róisín M Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0AS , U.K
| | - Susan Daniel
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
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24
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Jayaram AK, Pitsalidis C, Tan E, Moysidou CM, De Volder MFL, Kim JS, Owens RM. 3D Hybrid Scaffolds Based on PEDOT:PSS/MWCNT Composites. Front Chem 2019; 7:363. [PMID: 31165066 PMCID: PMC6536663 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Conducting polymer scaffolds combine the soft-porous structures of scaffolds with the electrical properties of conducting polymers. In most cases, such functional systems are developed by combining an insulating scaffold matrix with electrically conducting materials in a 3D hybrid network. However, issues arising from the poor electronic properties of such hybrid systems, hinder their application in many areas. This work reports on the design of a 3D electroactive scaffold, which is free of an insulating matrix. These 3D polymer constructs comprise of a water soluble conducting polymer (PEDOT:PSS) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The insertion of the MWCNTs in the 3D polymer matrix directly contributes to the electron transport efficiency, resulting in a 7-fold decrease in resistivity values. The distribution of CNTs, as characterized by SEM and Raman spectroscopy, further define the micro- and nano-structural topography while providing active sites for protein attachment, thereby rendering the system suitable for biological/sensing applications. The resulting scaffolds, combine high porosity, mechanical stability and excellent conducting properties, thus can be suitable for a variety of applications ranging from tissue engineering and biomedical devices to (bio-) energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhila K Jayaram
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Charalampos Pitsalidis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ellasia Tan
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chrysanthi-Maria Moysidou
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ji-Seon Kim
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roisin M Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Zhang Y, Savva A, Wustoni S, Hama A, Maria IP, Giovannitti A, McCulloch I, Inal S. Visualizing the Solid–Liquid Interface of Conjugated Copolymer Films Using Fluorescent Liposomes. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 1:1348-1354. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Iuliana P. Maria
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Alexander Giovannitti
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
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