1
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Meng J, Balendhran S, Sabri Y, Bhargava SK, Crozier KB. Smart mid-infrared metasurface microspectrometer gas sensing system. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:74. [PMID: 38855359 PMCID: PMC11156923 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-024-00697-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Smart, low-cost and portable gas sensors are highly desired due to the importance of air quality monitoring for environmental and defense-related applications. Traditionally, electrochemical and nondispersive infrared (IR) gas sensors are designed to detect a single specific analyte. Although IR spectroscopy-based sensors provide superior performance, their deployment is limited due to their large size and high cost. In this study, a smart, low-cost, multigas sensing system is demonstrated consisting of a mid-infrared microspectrometer and a machine learning algorithm. The microspectrometer is a metasurface filter array integrated with a commercial IR camera that is consumable-free, compact ( ~ 1 cm3) and lightweight ( ~ 1 g). The machine learning algorithm is trained to analyze the data from the microspectrometer and predict the gases present. The system detects the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane at concentrations ranging from 10 to 100% with 100% accuracy. It also detects hazardous gases at low concentrations with an accuracy of 98.4%. Ammonia can be detected at a concentration of 100 ppm. Additionally, methyl-ethyl-ketone can be detected at its permissible exposure limit (200 ppm); this concentration is considered low and nonhazardous. This study demonstrates the viability of using machine learning with IR spectroscopy to provide a smart and low-cost multigas sensing platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Meng
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems (TMOS), University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Ylias Sabri
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), STEM college, RMIT University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suresh K. Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), STEM college, RMIT University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kenneth B. Crozier
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems (TMOS), University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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2
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van Loon T, Liang M, Delplace T, Maes B, Murai S, Zijlstra P, Gómez Rivas J. Refractive index sensing using quasi-bound states in the continuum in silicon metasurfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:14289-14299. [PMID: 38859379 DOI: 10.1364/oe.514787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
This work presents a bulk refractive index sensor based on quasi-bound states in the continuum (BICs) induced by broken symmetries in metasurfaces. The symmetry is broken by detuning the size and position of silicon particles periodically arranged in an array, resulting in multiple quasi-BIC resonances. We investigate the sensing characteristics of each of the resonances by measuring the spectral shift in response to changes in the refractive index of the surrounding medium. In addition, we reveal the sensing range of the different resonances through simulations involving a layer of deviating refractive index of increasing thickness. Interestingly, the resonances show very different responses, which we describe via the analysis of the near-field. This work contributes to the development of highly sensitive and selective BIC-based sensors that can be used for a wide range of applications.
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Hu J, Mengu D, Tzarouchis DC, Edwards B, Engheta N, Ozcan A. Diffractive optical computing in free space. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1525. [PMID: 38378715 PMCID: PMC10879514 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45982-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Structured optical materials create new computing paradigms using photons, with transformative impact on various fields, including machine learning, computer vision, imaging, telecommunications, and sensing. This Perspective sheds light on the potential of free-space optical systems based on engineered surfaces for advancing optical computing. Manipulating light in unprecedented ways, emerging structured surfaces enable all-optical implementation of various mathematical functions and machine learning tasks. Diffractive networks, in particular, bring deep-learning principles into the design and operation of free-space optical systems to create new functionalities. Metasurfaces consisting of deeply subwavelength units are achieving exotic optical responses that provide independent control over different properties of light and can bring major advances in computational throughput and data-transfer bandwidth of free-space optical processors. Unlike integrated photonics-based optoelectronic systems that demand preprocessed inputs, free-space optical processors have direct access to all the optical degrees of freedom that carry information about an input scene/object without needing digital recovery or preprocessing of information. To realize the full potential of free-space optical computing architectures, diffractive surfaces and metasurfaces need to advance symbiotically and co-evolve in their designs, 3D fabrication/integration, cascadability, and computing accuracy to serve the needs of next-generation machine vision, computational imaging, mathematical computing, and telecommunication technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtian Hu
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Deniz Mengu
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dimitrios C Tzarouchis
- Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Meta Materials Inc., Athens, 15123, Greece
| | - Brian Edwards
- Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Nader Engheta
- Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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4
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Wang F, Wang X, Lu X, Huang C. Nanophotonic Enhanced Chiral Sensing and Its Biomedical Applications. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:39. [PMID: 38248416 PMCID: PMC11154488 DOI: 10.3390/bios14010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Chiral sensing is crucial in the fields of biology and the pharmaceutical industry. Many naturally occurring biomolecules, i.e., amino acids, sugars, and nucleotides, are inherently chiral. Their enantiomers are strongly associated with the pharmacological effects of chiral drugs. Owing to the extremely weak chiral light-matter interactions, chiral sensing at an optical frequency is challenging, especially when trace amounts of molecules are involved. The nanophotonic platform allows for a stronger interaction between the chiral molecules and light to enhance chiral sensing. Here, we review the recent progress in nanophotonic-enhanced chiral sensing, with a focus on the superchiral near-field and enhanced circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy generated in both the dielectric and in plasmonic structures. In addition, the recent applications of chiral sensing in biomedical fields are discussed, including the detection and treatment of difficult diseases, i.e., Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Xinchao Lu
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;
| | - Chengjun Huang
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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5
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Jangid P, Richter FU, Tseng ML, Sinev I, Kruk S, Altug H, Kivshar Y. Spectral Tuning of High-Harmonic Generation with Resonance-Gradient Metasurfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307494. [PMID: 37933748 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
High-index dielectric subwavelength structures and metasurfaces are capable of enhancing light-matter interaction by orders of magnitude via geometry-dependent optical resonances. This enhancement, however, comes with a fundamental limitation of a narrow spectral range of operation in the vicinity of one or few resonant frequencies. Here, this limitation is tackled by introducing an innovative and practical approach to achieve spectrally tunable enhancement of light-matter interaction with resonant metasurfaces. Resonance-gradient metasurfaces are designed and fabricated with varying geometrical parameters that translate into resonant frequencies dependence on one of the coordinates of the metasurface. The metasurfaces are composed of bone-like nanoresonators, which are made of germanium and support high-quality optical resonances in the mid-IR spectral range. The concept is applied to observe the resonant enhancement of the third and fifth harmonics generated from the gradient metasurfaces being used in conjunction with a tunable excitation laser to provide a wide spectral coverage of resonantly-enhanced tunable generation of multiple optical harmonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Jangid
- Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Felix Ulrich Richter
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Ming Lun Tseng
- Institute of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Ivan Sinev
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Sergey Kruk
- Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Hatice Altug
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Yuri Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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6
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Li G, Wen B, Yang J, Wu M, Zhou B, Ye X, Tang H, Zhou J, Cai J. Cost-Effective Nanophotonic Metasurfaces with Spatially Gradient Structures for Ultrasensitive Imaging-Based Refractometric Sensing. SMALL METHODS 2023:e2300873. [PMID: 37884469 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanophotonic metasurfaces are widely utilized in various domains, such as biomedical, healthcare, and environmental monitoring, benefiting from their unique advantages of label-free, noninvasive, and real-time response. However, nanophotonic metasurfaces usually rely on sophisticated instruments, and expensive and time-consuming fabrication processes, which severely restricts their practical applications. Herein, a spatially gradient metasurface is integrated with an imaging-based sensing scheme, waiving the requirement of spectrometers and achieving an ultrahigh imaging-based sensitivity of 3321 pixels/refractive index unit superior to that characterized using conventional compact spectrometers. The metasurface is fabricated by nanoimprint lithography using a reusable cyclic olefin copolymer template featuring millions of unique nanostructures. Under the illumination of monochromatic light, the transmittance of different nanostructures on the metasurface differs, resulting in grayscale images with varied intensity distributions. Analyzing the intensity change of the metasurface's recorded image can obtain the covering medium's refractive index. Furthermore, through theory and experimentation, the high reliability of the proposed reusable and flexible template has been verified for nanophotonic metasurface fabrication which further reduces the fabrication cost of core sensing elements. Finally, with proper optimization of the metasurface structure and imaging system, this setup is expected to be applied to many emerging areas of point-of-care, real-time, and on-site biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Baohua Wen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Ji Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Mingxi Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Xiangyi Ye
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Hao Tang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Jingxuan Cai
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
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7
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Zhou Y, Fan JA. Polychromatic metasurfaces for complete control of phase and polarization in the mid-infrared. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:249. [PMID: 37805594 PMCID: PMC10560284 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01257-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional metasurfaces based on wavelength-decoupled supercells are experimentally demonstrated, enabling new regimes of optical control for arbitrary orthogonal polarizations at different wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Zhou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Jonathan A Fan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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8
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Li D, Xu C, Xie J, Lee C. Research Progress in Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy: From Performance Optimization, Sensing Applications, to System Integration. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2377. [PMID: 37630962 PMCID: PMC10458771 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Infrared absorption spectroscopy is an effective tool for the detection and identification of molecules. However, its application is limited by the low infrared absorption cross-section of the molecule, resulting in low sensitivity and a poor signal-to-noise ratio. Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy is a breakthrough technique that exploits the field-enhancing properties of periodic nanostructures to amplify the vibrational signals of trace molecules. The fascinating properties of SEIRA technology have aroused great interest, driving diverse sensing applications. In this review, we first discuss three ways for SEIRA performance optimization, including material selection, sensitivity enhancement, and bandwidth improvement. Subsequently, we discuss the potential applications of SEIRA technology in fields such as biomedicine and environmental monitoring. In recent years, we have ushered in a new era characterized by the Internet of Things, sensor networks, and wearable devices. These new demands spurred the pursuit of miniaturized and consolidated infrared spectroscopy systems and chips. In addition, the rise of machine learning has injected new vitality into SEIRA, bringing smart device design and data analysis to the foreground. The final section of this review explores the anticipated trajectory that SEIRA technology might take, highlighting future trends and possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiao Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (D.L.); (C.X.); (J.X.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (D.L.); (C.X.); (J.X.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Junsheng Xie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (D.L.); (C.X.); (J.X.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (D.L.); (C.X.); (J.X.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou 215123, China
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9
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Kim I, Kim H, Han S, Kim J, Kim Y, Eom S, Barulin A, Choi I, Rho J, Lee LP. Metasurfaces-Driven Hyperspectral Imaging via Multiplexed Plasmonic Resonance Energy Transfer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300229. [PMID: 37093776 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining single-molecular-level fingerprints of biomolecules and electron-transfer dynamic imaging in living cells are critically demanded in postgenomic life sciences and medicine. However, the possible solution called plasmonic resonance energy transfer (PRET) spectroscopy remains challenging due to the fixed scattering spectrum of a plasmonic nanoparticle and limited multiplexing. Here, multiplexed metasurfaces-driven PRET hyperspectral imaging, to probe biological light-matter interactions, is reported. Pixelated metasurfaces with engineered scattering spectra are first designed over the entire visible range by the precision nanoengineering of gap plasmon and grating effects of metasurface clusters. Pixelated metasurfaces are created and their full dark-field coloration is optically characterized with visible color palettes and high-resolution color printings of the art pieces. Furthermore, three different biomolecules (i.e., chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and cytochrome c) are applied on metasurfaces for color palettes to obtain selective molecular fingerprint imaging due to the unique biological light-matter interactions with application-specific biomedical metasurfaces. This metasurface-driven PRET hyperspectral imaging will open up a new path for multiplexed real-time molecular sensing and imaging methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inki Kim
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongyoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyeon Han
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangkyu Kim
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghyeon Eom
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Aleksandr Barulin
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhee Choi
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Luke P Lee
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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10
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John-Herpin A, Tittl A, Kühner L, Richter F, Huang SH, Shvets G, Oh SH, Altug H. Metasurface-Enhanced Infrared Spectroscopy: An Abundance of Materials and Functionalities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2110163. [PMID: 35638248 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Infrared spectroscopy provides unique information on the composition and dynamics of biochemical systems by resolving the characteristic absorption fingerprints of their constituent molecules. Based on this inherent chemical specificity and the capability for label-free, noninvasive, and real-time detection, infrared spectroscopy approaches have unlocked a plethora of breakthrough applications for fields ranging from environmental monitoring and defense to chemical analysis and medical diagnostics. Nanophotonics has played a crucial role for pushing the sensitivity limits of traditional far-field spectroscopy by using resonant nanostructures to focus the incident light into nanoscale hot-spots of the electromagnetic field, greatly enhancing light-matter interaction. Metasurfaces composed of regular arrangements of such resonators further increase the design space for tailoring this nanoscale light control both spectrally and spatially, which has established them as an invaluable toolkit for surface-enhanced spectroscopy. Starting from the fundamental concepts of metasurface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy, a broad palette of resonator geometries, materials, and arrangements for realizing highly sensitive metadevices is showcased, with a special focus on emerging systems such as phononic and 2D van der Waals materials, and integration with waveguides for lab-on-a-chip devices. Furthermore, advanced sensor functionalities of metasurface-based infrared spectroscopy, including multiresonance, tunability, dielectrophoresis, live cell sensing, and machine-learning-aided analysis are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelian John-Herpin
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Tittl
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Lucca Kühner
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Richter
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Steven H Huang
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Gennady Shvets
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Sang-Hyun Oh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Hatice Altug
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
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11
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Chung T, Wang H, Cai H. Dielectric metasurfaces for next-generation optical biosensing: a comparison with plasmonic sensing. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:10.1088/1361-6528/ace117. [PMID: 37352839 PMCID: PMC10416613 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ace117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
In the past decades, nanophotonic biosensors have been extended from the extensively studied plasmonic platforms to dielectric metasurfaces. Instead of plasmonic resonance, dielectric metasurfaces are based on Mie resonance, and provide comparable sensitivity with superior resonance bandwidth, Q factor, and figure-of-merit. Although the plasmonic photothermal effect is beneficial in many biomedical applications, it is a fundamental limitation for biosensing. Dielectric metasurfaces solve the ohmic loss and heating problems, providing better repeatability, stability, and biocompatibility. We review the high-Q resonances based on various physical phenomena tailored by meta-atom geometric designs, and compare dielectric and plasmonic metasurfaces in refractometric, surface-enhanced, and chiral sensing for various biomedical and diagnostic applications. Departing from conventional spectral shift measurement using spectrometers, imaging-based and spectrometer-less biosensing are highlighted, including single-wavelength refractometric barcoding, surface-enhanced molecular fingerprinting, and integrated visual reporting. These unique modalities enabled by dielectric metasurfaces point to two important research directions. On the one hand, hyperspectral imaging provides massive information for smart data processing, which not only achieve better biomolecular sensing performance than conventional ensemble averaging, but also enable real-time monitoring of cellular or microbial behaviour in physiological conditions. On the other hand, a single metasurface can integrate both functions of sensing and optical output engineering, using single-wavelength or broadband light sources, which provides simple, fast, compact, and cost-effective solutions. Finally, we provide perspectives in future development on metasurface nanofabrication, functionalization, material, configuration, and integration, towards next-generation optical biosensing for ultra-sensitive, portable/wearable, lab-on-a-chip, point-of-care, multiplexed, and scalable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taerin Chung
- Tech4Health Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
| | - Hao Wang
- Tech4Health Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
| | - Haogang Cai
- Tech4Health Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United States of America
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12
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Kavungal D, Magalhães P, Kumar ST, Kolla R, Lashuel HA, Altug H. Artificial intelligence-coupled plasmonic infrared sensor for detection of structural protein biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg9644. [PMID: 37436975 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg9644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease is challenging owing to the lack of tools to detect preclinical biomarkers. The misfolding of proteins into oligomeric and fibrillar aggregates plays an important role in the development and progression of NDDs, thus underscoring the need for structural biomarker-based diagnostics. We developed an immunoassay-coupled nanoplasmonic infrared metasurface sensor that detects proteins linked to NDDs, such as alpha-synuclein, with specificity and differentiates the distinct structural species using their unique absorption signatures. We augmented the sensor with an artificial neural network enabling unprecedented quantitative prediction of oligomeric and fibrillar protein aggregates in their mixture. The microfluidic integrated sensor can retrieve time-resolved absorbance fingerprints in the presence of a complex biomatrix and is capable of multiplexing for the simultaneous monitoring of multiple pathology-associated biomarkers. Thus, our sensor is a promising candidate for the clinical diagnosis of NDDs, disease monitoring, and evaluation of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepthy Kavungal
- Bionanophotonic Systems Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Magalhães
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Senthil T Kumar
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rajasekhar Kolla
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hilal A Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hatice Altug
- Bionanophotonic Systems Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
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13
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Rosas S, Schoeller KA, Chang E, Mei H, Kats M, Eliceiri K, Zhao X, Yesilkoy F. Metasurface-Enhanced Mid-Infrared Spectrochemical Imaging of Tissues. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2301208. [PMID: 37186328 PMCID: PMC10524888 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Label-free and nondestructive mid-infrared vibrational hyperspectral imaging is an essential tissue analysis tool, providing spatially resolved biochemical information critical to understanding physiological and pathological processes. However, the chemically complex and spatially heterogeneous composition of tissue specimens and the inherently weak interaction of infrared light with biomolecules limit the analytical performance of infrared absorption spectroscopy. Here, an advanced mid-infrared spectrochemical tissue imaging modality is introduced using metasurfaces that support strong surface-localized electromagnetic fields to capture quantitative molecular maps of large-area murine brain tissue sections. The approach leverages polarization-multiplexed multi-resonance plasmonic metasurfaces to simultaneously detect various functional biomolecules. The surface-enhanced mid-infrared spectral imaging method eliminates the non-specific effects of bulk tissue morphology on quantitative spectral analysis and improves chemical selectivity. This study shows that metasurface enhancement increases the retrieval of amide I and II bands associated with protein secondary structures. Moreover, it is demonstrated that plasmonic metasurfaces enhance the chemical contrast in infrared images and enable detection of ultrathin tissue regions that are not otherwise visible to conventional mid-infrared spectral imaging. While this work uses murine brain tissue sections, the chemical imaging method is well-suited for other tissue types, which broadens its potential impact for translational research and clinical histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Rosas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - K. A. Schoeller
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - E. Chang
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - H. Mei
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M.A. Kats
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - K.W. Eliceiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - X. Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - F. Yesilkoy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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14
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Nguyen DD, Lee S, Kim I. Recent Advances in Metaphotonic Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:631. [PMID: 37366996 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Metaphotonic devices, which enable light manipulation at a subwavelength scale and enhance light-matter interactions, have been emerging as a critical pillar in biosensing. Researchers have been attracted to metaphotonic biosensors, as they solve the limitations of the existing bioanalytical techniques, including the sensitivity, selectivity, and detection limit. Here, we briefly introduce types of metasurfaces utilized in various metaphotonic biomolecular sensing domains such as refractometry, surface-enhanced fluorescence, vibrational spectroscopy, and chiral sensing. Further, we list the prevalent working mechanisms of those metaphotonic bio-detection schemes. Furthermore, we summarize the recent progress in chip integration for metaphotonic biosensing to enable innovative point-of-care devices in healthcare. Finally, we discuss the impediments in metaphotonic biosensing, such as its cost effectiveness and treatment for intricate biospecimens, and present a prospect for potential directions for materializing these device strategies, significantly influencing clinical diagnostics in health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang Du Nguyen
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seho Lee
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Inki Kim
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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15
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Huang SH, Sartorello G, Shen PT, Xu C, Elemento O, Shvets G. Metasurface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy in multiwell format for real-time assaying of live cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:2228-2240. [PMID: 37010356 PMCID: PMC10159923 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00017f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a popular technique for the analysis of biological samples, yet its application in characterizing live cells is limited due to the strong attenuation of mid-IR light in water. Special thin flow cells and attenuated total reflection (ATR) FTIR spectroscopy have been used to mitigate this problem, but these techniques are difficult to integrate into a standard cell culture workflow. In this work, we demonstrate that the use of a plasmonic metasurface fabricated on planar substrates and the probing of cellular IR spectra through metasurface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy (MEIRS) can be an effective technique to characterize the IR spectra of live cells in a high-throughput manner. Cells are cultured on metasurfaces integrated with multiwell cell culture chambers and are probed from the bottom using an inverted FTIR micro-spectrometer. To demonstrate the use of MEIRS as a cellular assay, cellular adhesion on metasurfaces with different surface coatings and cellular response to the activation of the protease-activated receptor (PAR) signaling pathway were characterized through the changes in cellular IR spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven H Huang
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA.
| | - Giovanni Sartorello
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA.
| | - Po-Ting Shen
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA.
| | - Chengqi Xu
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
| | - Gennady Shvets
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA.
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16
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Audhkhasi R, Qu Y, Zhou M, Yu Z, Povinelli ML. Dynamically switchable self-focused thermal emission. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:13357-13365. [PMID: 37157474 DOI: 10.1364/oe.484555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The ability to manipulate thermal emission is paramount to the advancement of a wide variety of fields such as thermal management, sensing and thermophotovoltaics. In this work, we propose a microphotonic lens for achieving temperature-switchable self-focused thermal emission. By utilizing the coupling between isotropic localized resonators and the phase change properties of VO2, we design a lens that selectively emits focused radiation at a wavelength of 4 µm when operated above the phase transition temperature of VO2. Through direct calculation of thermal emission, we show that our lens produces a clear focal spot at the designed focal length above the phase transition of VO2 while emitting a maximum relative focal plane intensity that is 330 times lower below it. Such microphotonic devices capable of producing temperature-dependent focused thermal emission could benefit several applications such as thermal management and thermophotovoltaics while paving the way for next-generation contact-free sensing and on-chip infrared communication.
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17
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Zhang X, Cai H, Rezaei SD, Rosenmann D, Lopez D. A universal metasurface transfer technique for heterogeneous integration. NANOPHOTONICS 2023; 12:1633-1641. [PMID: 37383029 PMCID: PMC10306170 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2022-0627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces offer a versatile platform for engineering the wavefront of light using nanostructures with subwavelength dimensions and hold great promise for dramatically miniaturizing conventional optical elements due to their small footprint and broad functionality. However, metasurfaces so far have been mainly demonstrated on bulky and planar substrates that are often orders of magnitude thicker than the metasurface itself. Conventional substrates not only nullify the reduced footprint advantage of metasurfaces, but also limit their application scenarios. The bulk substrate also determines the metasurface dielectric environment, with potentially undesired optical effects that undermine the optical performance. Here we develop a universal polymer-assisted transfer technique to tackle this challenge by decoupling the substrate employed on the fabrication of metasurfaces from that used for the target application. As an example, Huygens' metasurfaces with 120 nm thickness in the visible range (532 nm) are demonstrated to be transferred onto a 100 nm thick freestanding SiNx membrane while maintaining excellent structural integrity and optical performance of diffraction-limited focusing. This transfer method not only enables the thinnest dielectric metalens to the best of our knowledge, but also opens up new opportunities in integrating cascaded and multilayer metasurfaces, as well as the heterogeneous integration with nonconventional substrates and various electronic/photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Soroosh Daqiqeh Rezaei
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Daniel Rosenmann
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Daniel Lopez
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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18
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Kim J, Seong J, Kim W, Lee GY, Kim S, Kim H, Moon SW, Oh DK, Yang Y, Park J, Jang J, Kim Y, Jeong M, Park C, Choi H, Jeon G, Lee KI, Yoon DH, Park N, Lee B, Lee H, Rho J. Scalable manufacturing of high-index atomic layer-polymer hybrid metasurfaces for metaphotonics in the visible. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:474-481. [PMID: 36959502 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01485-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Metalenses are attractive alternatives to conventional bulky refractive lenses owing to their superior light-modulating performance and sub-micrometre-scale thicknesses; however, limitations in existing fabrication techniques, including high cost, low throughput and small patterning area, have hindered their mass production. Here we demonstrate low-cost and high-throughput mass production of large-aperture visible metalenses using deep-ultraviolet argon fluoride immersion lithography and wafer-scale nanoimprint lithography. Once a 12″ master stamp is imprinted, hundreds of centimetre-scale metalenses can be fabricated using a thinly coated high-index film to enhance light confinement, resulting in a substantial increase in conversion efficiency. As a proof of concept, an ultrathin virtual reality device created with the printed metalens demonstrates its potential towards the scalable manufacturing of metaphotonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joohoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhwa Seong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjoong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Yeal Lee
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokwoo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongyoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Won Moon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyo Oh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghwan Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghoon Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyuck Jang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeseul Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanwoong Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojung Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyoseon Jeon
- Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (RIST), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Il Lee
- Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (RIST), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Yoon
- Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (RIST), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Namkyoo Park
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungho Lee
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), Pohang, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Fu P, Ni PN, Wu B, Pei XZ, Wang QH, Chen PP, Xu C, Kan Q, Chu WG, Xie YY. Metasurface Enabled On-Chip Generation and Manipulation of Vector Beams from Vertical Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2204286. [PMID: 36111553 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metasurface polarization optics that consist of 2D array of birefringent nano-antennas have proven remarkable capabilities to generate and manipulate vectorial fields with subwavelength resolution and high efficiency. Integrating this new type of metasurface with the standard vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) platform enables an ultracompact and powerful solution to control both phase and polarization properties of the laser on a chip, which allows to structure a VCSEL into vector beams with on-demand wavefronts. Here, this concept is demonstrated by directly generating versatile vector beams from commercially available VCSELs through on-chip integration of high-index dielectric metasurfaces. Experimentally, the versatility of the approach for the development of vectorial VCSELs are validated by implementing a variety of functionalities, including directional emission of multibeam with specified polarizations, vectorial holographic display, and vector vortex beams generations. Notably, the proposed vectorial VCSELs integrated with a single layer of beam shaping metasurface bypass the requirements of multiple cascaded optical components, and thus have the potential to promote the advancements of ultracompact, lightweight, and scalable vector beams sources, enriching and expanding the applications of VCSELs in optical communications, laser manipulation and processing, information encryption, and quantum optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Pei-Nan Ni
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Tampere University, Tampere, 33720, Finland
| | - Bo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Xian-Zhi Pei
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Qiu-Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Pei-Pei Chen
- Nanofabrication Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory for Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory for Nanosystems and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Qiang Kan
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wei-Guo Chu
- Nanofabrication Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory for Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory for Nanosystems and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yi-Yang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
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20
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Choi HK, Yoon J. Nanotechnology-Assisted Biosensors for the Detection of Viral Nucleic Acids: An Overview. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:208. [PMID: 36831973 PMCID: PMC9953881 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The accurate and rapid diagnosis of viral diseases has garnered increasing attention in the field of biosensors. The development of highly sensitive, selective, and accessible biosensors is crucial for early disease detection and preventing mortality. However, developing biosensors optimized for viral disease diagnosis has several limitations, including the accurate detection of mutations. For decades, nanotechnology has been applied in numerous biological fields such as biosensors, bioelectronics, and regenerative medicine. Nanotechnology offers a promising strategy to address the current limitations of conventional viral nucleic acid-based biosensors. The implementation of nanotechnologies, such as functional nanomaterials, nanoplatform-fabrication techniques, and surface nanoengineering, to biosensors has not only improved the performance of biosensors but has also expanded the range of sensing targets. Therefore, a deep understanding of the combination of nanotechnologies and biosensors is required to prepare for sanitary emergencies such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic. In this review, we provide interdisciplinary information on nanotechnology-assisted biosensors. First, representative nanotechnologies for biosensors are discussed, after which this review summarizes various nanotechnology-assisted viral nucleic acid biosensors. Therefore, we expect that this review will provide a valuable basis for the development of novel viral nucleic acid biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Kyu Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jinho Yoon
- Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si 14662, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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21
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Dirdal CA, Milenko K, Summanwar A, Dullo FT, Thrane PCV, Rasoga O, Avram AM, Dinescu A, Baracu AM. UV-Nanoimprint and Deep Reactive Ion Etching of High Efficiency Silicon Metalenses: High Throughput at Low Cost with Excellent Resolution and Repeatability. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:436. [PMID: 36770397 PMCID: PMC9920157 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As metasurfaces begin to find industrial applications there is a need to develop scalable and cost-effective fabrication techniques which offer sub-100 nm resolution while providing high throughput and large area patterning. Here we demonstrate the use of UV-Nanoimprint Lithography and Deep Reactive Ion Etching (Bosch and Cryogenic) towards this goal. Robust processes are described for the fabrication of silicon rectangular pillars of high pattern fidelity. To demonstrate the quality of the structures, metasurface lenses, which demonstrate diffraction limited focusing and close to theoretical efficiency for NIR wavelengths λ ∈ (1.3 μm, 1.6 μm), are fabricated. We demonstrate a process which removes the characteristic sidewall surface roughness of the Bosch process, allowing for smooth 90-degree vertical sidewalls. We also demonstrate that the optical performance of the metasurface lenses is not affected adversely in the case of Bosch sidewall surface roughness with 45 nm indentations (or scallops). Next steps of development are defined for achieving full wafer coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karolina Milenko
- SINTEF Microsystems and Nanotechnology, Gaustadalleen 23C, 0737 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anand Summanwar
- SINTEF Microsystems and Nanotechnology, Gaustadalleen 23C, 0737 Oslo, Norway
| | - Firehun T. Dullo
- SINTEF Microsystems and Nanotechnology, Gaustadalleen 23C, 0737 Oslo, Norway
| | - Paul C. V. Thrane
- SINTEF Microsystems and Nanotechnology, Gaustadalleen 23C, 0737 Oslo, Norway
| | - Oana Rasoga
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor Street 405 A, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Andrei M. Avram
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies-IMT Bucharest, Erou Iancu Nicolae Street 126A, 077190 Voluntari, Romania
| | - Adrian Dinescu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies-IMT Bucharest, Erou Iancu Nicolae Street 126A, 077190 Voluntari, Romania
| | - Angela M. Baracu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies-IMT Bucharest, Erou Iancu Nicolae Street 126A, 077190 Voluntari, Romania
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22
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Garg A, Mejia E, Nam W, Vikesland P, Zhou W. Biomimetic Transparent Nanoplasmonic Meshes by Reverse-Nanoimprinting for Bio-Interfaced Spatiotemporal Multimodal SERS Bioanalysis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2204517. [PMID: 36161480 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular systems, such as microbial biofilms and cancerous tumors, feature complex biological activities coordinated by cellular interactions mediated via different signaling and regulatory pathways, which are intrinsically heterogeneous, dynamic, and adaptive. However, due to their invasiveness or their inability to interface with native cellular networks, standard bioanalysis methods do not allow in situ spatiotemporal biochemical monitoring of multicellular systems to capture holistic spatiotemporal pictures of systems-level biology. Here, a high-throughput reverse nanoimprint lithography approach is reported to create biomimetic transparent nanoplasmonic microporous mesh (BTNMM) devices with ultrathin flexible microporous structures for spatiotemporal multimodal surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) measurements at the bio-interface. It is demonstrated that BTNMMs, supporting uniform and ultrasensitive SERS hotspots, can simultaneously enable spatiotemporal multimodal SERS measurements for targeted pH sensing and non-targeted molecular detection to resolve the diffusion dynamics for pH, adenine, and Rhodamine 6G molecules in agarose gel. Moreover, it is demonstrated that BTNMMs can act as multifunctional bio-interfaced SERS sensors to conduct in situ spatiotemporal pH mapping and molecular profiling of Escherichia coli biofilms. It is envisioned that the ultrasensitive multimodal SERS capability, transport permeability, and biomechanical compatibility of the BTNMMs can open exciting avenues for bio-interfaced multifunctional sensing applications both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Garg
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Elieser Mejia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Wonil Nam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Peter Vikesland
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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23
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Ahmed R, Guimarães CF, Wang J, Soto F, Karim AH, Zhang Z, Reis RL, Akin D, Paulmurugan R, Demirci U. Large-Scale Functionalized Metasurface-Based SARS-CoV-2 Detection and Quantification. ACS NANO 2022; 16:15946-15958. [PMID: 36125414 PMCID: PMC9514326 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic metasurfaces consist of metal-dielectric interfaces that are excitable at background and leakage resonant modes. The sharp and plasmonic excitation profile of metal-free electrons on metasurfaces at the nanoscale can be used for practical applications in diverse fields, including optoelectronics, energy harvesting, and biosensing. Currently, Fano resonant metasurface fabrication processes for biosensor applications are costly, need clean room access, and involve limited small-scale surface areas that are not easy for accurate sample placement. Here, we leverage the large-scale active area with uniform surface patterns present on optical disc-based metasurfaces as a cost-effective method to excite asymmetric plasmonic modes, enabling tunable optical Fano resonance interfacing with a microfluidic channel for multiple target detection in the visible wavelength range. We engineered plasmonic metasurfaces for biosensing through efficient layer-by-layer surface functionalization toward real-time measurement of target binding at the molecular scale. Further, we demonstrated the quantitative detection of antibodies, proteins, and the whole viral particles of SARS-CoV-2 with a high sensitivity and specificity, even distinguishing it from similar RNA viruses such as influenza and MERS. This cost-effective plasmonic metasurface platform offers a small-scale light-manipulation system, presenting considerable potential for fast, real-time detection of SARS-CoV-2 and pathogens in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Ahmed
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection,
Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto,
California94304, United States
| | - Carlos F. Guimarães
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection,
Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto,
California94304, United States
- 3B’s Research Group−Biomaterials,
Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on
Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of
Minho, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s−PT Government
Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, 4805-017,
Portugal
| | - Jie Wang
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection,
Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto,
California94304, United States
| | - Fernando Soto
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection,
Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto,
California94304, United States
| | - Asma H. Karim
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection,
Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto,
California94304, United States
| | - Zhaowei Zhang
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection,
Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto,
California94304, United States
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops,
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan430062,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s Research Group−Biomaterials,
Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on
Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of
Minho, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s−PT Government
Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, 4805-017,
Portugal
| | - Demir Akin
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection,
Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto,
California94304, United States
| | - Ramasamy Paulmurugan
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection,
Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto,
California94304, United States
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection,
Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto,
California94304, United States
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24
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Cortés E, Wendisch FJ, Sortino L, Mancini A, Ezendam S, Saris S, de S. Menezes L, Tittl A, Ren H, Maier SA. Optical Metasurfaces for Energy Conversion. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15082-15176. [PMID: 35728004 PMCID: PMC9562288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured surfaces with designed optical functionalities, such as metasurfaces, allow efficient harvesting of light at the nanoscale, enhancing light-matter interactions for a wide variety of material combinations. Exploiting light-driven matter excitations in these artificial materials opens up a new dimension in the conversion and management of energy at the nanoscale. In this review, we outline the impact, opportunities, applications, and challenges of optical metasurfaces in converting the energy of incoming photons into frequency-shifted photons, phonons, and energetic charge carriers. A myriad of opportunities await for the utilization of the converted energy. Here we cover the most pertinent aspects from a fundamental nanoscopic viewpoint all the way to applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Cortés
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany,
| | - Fedja J. Wendisch
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Luca Sortino
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Mancini
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Ezendam
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Seryio Saris
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Leonardo de S. Menezes
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany,Departamento
de Física, Universidade Federal de
Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Andreas Tittl
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Haoran Ren
- MQ Photonics
Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Macquarie
Park, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Stefan A. Maier
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany,School
of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia,Department
of Phyiscs, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom,
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25
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Zhou L, Zhang N, Hsu CC, Singer M, Zeng X, Li Y, Song H, Jornet J, Wu Y, Gan Q. Super-Resolution Displacement Spectroscopic Sensing over a Surface "Rainbow". ENGINEERING (BEIJING, CHINA) 2022; 17:75-81. [PMID: 38149108 PMCID: PMC10751035 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Subwavelength manipulation of light waves with high precision can enable new and exciting applications in spectroscopy, sensing, and medical imaging. For these applications, miniaturized spectrometers are desirable to enable the on-chip analysis of spectral information. In particular, for imaging-based spectroscopic sensing mechanisms, the key challenge is to determine the spatial-shift information accurately (i.e., the spatial displacement introduced by wavelength shift or biological or chemical surface binding), which is similar to the challenge presented by super-resolution imaging. Here, we report a unique "rainbow" trapping metasurface for on-chip spectrometers and sensors. Combined with super-resolution image processing, the low-setting 4× optical microscope system resolves a displacement of the resonant position within 35 nm on the plasmonic rainbow trapping metasurface with a tiny area as small as 0.002 mm2. This unique feature of the spatial manipulation of efficiently coupled rainbow plasmonic resonances reveals a new platform for miniaturized on-chip spectroscopic analysis with a spectral resolution of 0.032 nm in wavelength shift. Using this low-setting 4× microscope imaging system, we demonstrate a biosensing resolution of 1.92 × 109 exosomes per milliliter for A549-derived exosomes and distinguish between patient samples and healthy controls using exosomal epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression values, thereby demonstrating a new on-chip sensing system for personalized accurate bio/chemical sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyu Zhou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Chang Chieh Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Matthew Singer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Xie Zeng
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Yizheng Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Haomin Song
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Josep Jornet
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Qiaoqiang Gan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
- Material Science Engineering Program, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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26
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Barbillon G. Latest Advances in Metasurfaces for SERS and SEIRA Sensors as Well as Photocatalysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810592. [PMID: 36142501 PMCID: PMC9506333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Metasurfaces can enable the confinement of electromagnetic fields on huge surfaces and zones, and they can thus be applied to biochemical sensing by using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA). Indeed, these metasurfaces have been examined for SERS and SEIRA sensing thanks to the presence of a wide density of hotspots and confined optical modes within their structures. Moreover, some metasurfaces allow an accurate enhancement of the excitation and emission processes for the SERS effect by supporting resonances at frequencies of these processes. Finally, the metasurfaces allow the enhancement of the absorption capacity of the solar light and the generation of a great number of catalytic active sites in order to more quickly produce the surface reactions. Here, we outline the latest advances in metasurfaces for SERS and SEIRA sensors as well as photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Barbillon
- EPF-Ecole d'Ingénieurs, 55 Avenue du Président Wilson, 94230 Cachan, France
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27
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Hu T, Feng X, Yang Z, Zhao M. Design of scalable metalens array for optical addressing. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2022; 15:32. [PMID: 36637552 PMCID: PMC9756259 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-022-00035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale trapped-ion quantum computers hold great promise to outperform classical computers and are crucially desirable for finance, pharmaceutical industry, fundamental chemistry and other fields. Currently, a big challenge for trapped-ion quantum computers is the poor scalability mainly brought by the optical elements that are used for optical addressing. Metasurfaces provide a promising solution due to their excellent flexibility and integration ability. Here, we propose and numerically demonstrate a scalable off-axis metalens array for optical addressing working at the wavelength of 350 nm. Metalens arrays designed for x linearly polarized and left circularly polarized light respectively can focus the collimated addressing beam array into a compact focused spot array with spot spacing of 5 μm, featuring crosstalk below 0.82%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie Hu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xing Feng
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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28
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Manzato G, Giordano MC, Barelli M, Chowdhury D, Centini M, de Mongeot FB. Free-standing plasmonic nanoarrays for leaky optical waveguiding and sensing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:17371-17382. [PMID: 36221562 DOI: 10.1364/oe.453135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Flat optics nanogratings supported on thin free-standing membranes offer the opportunity to combine narrowband waveguided modes and Rayleigh anomalies for sensitive and tunable biosensing. At the surface of high-refractive index Si3N4 membranes we engineered lithographic nanogratings based on plasmonic nanostripes, demonstrating the excitation of sharp waveguided modes and lattice resonances. We achieved fine tuning of these optical modes over a broadband Visible and Near-Infrared spectrum, in full agreement with numerical calculations. This possibility allowed us to select sharp waveguided modes supporting strong near-field amplification, extending for hundreds of nanometres out of the grating and enabling versatile biosensing applications. We demonstrate the potential of this flat-optics platform by devising a proof-of-concept nanofluidic refractive index sensor exploiting the long-range waveguided mode operating at the sub-picoliter scale. This free-standing device configuration, that could be further engineered at the nanoscale, highlights the strong potential of flat-optics nanoarrays in optofluidics and nanofluidic biosensing.
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29
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Tseng ML, Semmlinger M, Zhang M, Arndt C, Huang TT, Yang J, Kuo HY, Su VC, Chen MK, Chu CH, Cerjan B, Tsai DP, Nordlander P, Halas NJ. Vacuum ultraviolet nonlinear metalens. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn5644. [PMID: 35442736 PMCID: PMC9020660 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn5644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light plays an essential role across science and technology, from molecular spectroscopy to nanolithography and biomedical procedures. Realizing nanoscale devices for VUV light generation and control is critical for next-generation VUV sources and systems, but the scarcity of low-loss VUV materials creates a substantial challenge. We demonstrate a metalens that both generates-by second-harmonic generation-and simultaneously focuses the generated VUV light. The metalens consists of 150-nm-thick zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoresonators that convert 394 nm (~3.15 eV) light into focused 197-nm (~6.29 eV) radiation, producing a spot 1.7 μm in diameter with a 21-fold power density enhancement as compared to the wavefront at the metalens surface. The reported metalens is ultracompact and phase-matching free, allowing substantial streamlining of VUV system design and facilitating more advanced applications. This work provides a useful platform for developing low-loss VUV components and increasing the accessibility of the VUV regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lun Tseng
- Institute of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Michael Semmlinger
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Ming Zhang
- Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Catherine Arndt
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Tzu-Ting Huang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Jian Yang
- Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Hsin Yu Kuo
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Vin-Cent Su
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 36003, Taiwan
| | - Mu Ku Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Cheng Hung Chu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Benjamin Cerjan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Din Ping Tsai
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Peter Nordlander
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Naomi J. Halas
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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30
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Garg A, Mejia E, Nam W, Nie M, Wang W, Vikesland P, Zhou W. Microporous Multiresonant Plasmonic Meshes by Hierarchical Micro-Nanoimprinting for Bio-Interfaced SERS Imaging and Nonlinear Nano-Optics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106887. [PMID: 35224852 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microporous mesh plasmonic devices have the potential to combine the biocompatibility of microporous polymeric meshes with the capabilities of plasmonic nanostructures to enhance nanoscale light-matter interactions for bio-interfaced optical sensing and actuation. However, scalable integration of dense and uniformly structured plasmonic hotspot arrays with microporous polymeric meshes remains challenging due to the processing incompatibility of conventional nanofabrication methods with flexible microporous substrates. Here, scalable nanofabrication of microporous multiresonant plasmonic meshes (MMPMs) is achieved via a hierarchical micro-/nanoimprint lithography approach using dissolvable polymeric templates. It is demonstrated that MMPMs can serve as broadband nonlinear nanoplasmonic devices to generate second-harmonic generation, third-harmonic generation, and upconversion photoluminescence signals with multiresonant plasmonic enhancement under fs pulse excitation. Moreover, MMPMs are employed and explored as bio-interfaced surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy mesh sensors to enable in situ spatiotemporal molecular profiling of bacterial biofilm activity. Microporous mesh plasmonic devices open exciting avenues for bio-interfaced optical sensing and actuation applications, such as inflammation-free epidermal sensors in conformal contact with skin, combined tissue-engineering and biosensing scaffolds for in vitro 3D cell culture models, and minimally invasive implantable probes for long-term disease diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Garg
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Elieser Mejia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Wonil Nam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Meitong Nie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Peter Vikesland
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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