1
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Jin G, Multunas CD, Hart JL, Kiani MT, Duong NK, Sam QP, Wang H, Cheon Y, Hynek DJ, Han HJ, Sundararaman R, Cha JJ. Diameter-dependent phase selectivity in 1D-confined tungsten phosphides. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5889. [PMID: 39003297 PMCID: PMC11246448 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50323-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Topological materials confined in 1D can transform computing technologies, such as 1D topological semimetals for nanoscale interconnects and 1D topological superconductors for fault-tolerant quantum computing. As such, understanding crystallization of 1D-confined topological materials is critical. Here, we demonstrate 1D template-assisted nanowire synthesis where we observe diameter-dependent phase selectivity for tungsten phosphides. A phase bifurcation occurs to produce tungsten monophosphide and tungsten diphosphide at the cross-over nanowire diameter regime of 35-70 nm. Four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy is used to identify the two phases and to map crystallographic orientations of grains at a few nm resolution. The 1D-confined phase selectivity is attributed to the minimization of the total surface energy, which depends on the nanowire diameter and chemical potentials of precursors. Theoretical calculations are carried out to construct the diameter-dependent phase diagram, which agrees with experimental observations. Our findings suggest a crystallization route to stabilize topological materials confined in 1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangtae Jin
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, South Korea
| | - Christian D Multunas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - James L Hart
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Mehrdad T Kiani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | | | - Quynh P Sam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Yeryun Cheon
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - David J Hynek
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Hyeuk Jin Han
- Department of Environment and Energy Engineering, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, 01133, South Korea.
| | - Ravishankar Sundararaman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
| | - Judy J Cha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
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2
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Gao H, Wang Z, Cao J, Lin YC, Ling X. Advancing Nanoelectronics Applications: Progress in Non-van der Waals 2D Materials. ACS NANO 2024; 18:16343-16358. [PMID: 38899467 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Extending the inventory of two-dimensional (2D) materials remains highly desirable, given their excellent properties and wide applications. Current studies on 2D materials mainly focus on the van der Waals (vdW) materials since the discovery of graphene, where properties of atomically thin layers have been found to be distinct from their bulk counterparts. Beyond vdW materials, there are abundant non-vdW materials that can also be thinned down to 2D forms, which are still in their early stage of exploration. In this review, we focus on the downscaling of non-vdW materials into 2D forms to enrich the 2D materials family. This underexplored group of 2D materials could show potential promise in many areas such as electronics, optics, and magnetics, as has happened in the vdW 2D materials. Hereby, we will focus our discussion on their electronic properties and applications of them. We aim to motivate and inspire fellow researchers in the 2D materials community to contribute to the development of 2D materials beyond the widely studied vdW layered materials for electronic device applications. We also give our insights into the challenges and opportunities to guide researchers who are desirous of working in this promising research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongze Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Zifan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Yuxuan Cosmi Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University 575 Ross Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Xi Ling
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University 15 St Mary's Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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3
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Feng Y, Khalid M, Xiao H, Hu P. Two-dimensional material assisted-growth strategy: new insights and opportunities. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:322001. [PMID: 38688246 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad4553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The exploration and synthesis of novel materials are integral to scientific and technological progress. Since the prediction and synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) materials, it is expected to play an important role in the application of industrialization and the information age, resulting from its excellent physical and chemical properties. Currently, researchers have effectively utilized a range of material synthesis techniques, including mechanical exfoliation, redox reactions, chemical vapor deposition, and chemical vapor transport, to fabricate two-dimensional materials. However, despite their rapid development, the widespread industrial application of 2D materials faces challenges due to demanding synthesis requirements and high costs. To address these challenges, assisted growth techniques such as salt-assisted, gas-assisted, organic-assisted, and template-assisted growth have emerged as promising approaches. Herein, this study gives a summary of important developments in recent years in the assisted growth synthesis of 2D materials. Additionally, it highlights the current difficulties and possible benefits of the assisted-growth approach for 2D materials. It also highlights novel avenues of development and presents opportunities for new lines of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Mansoor Khalid
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiying Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - PingAn Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Microsystem and Microstructure of Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
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Zhang K, Zhang T, You J, Zheng X, Zhao M, Zhang L, Kong J, Luo Z, Huang S. Low-Temperature Vapor-Phase Growth of 2D Metal Chalcogenides. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307587. [PMID: 38084456 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
2D metal chalcogenides (MCs) have garnered significant attention from both scientific and industrial communities due to their potential in developing next-generation functional devices. Vapor-phase deposition methods have proven highly effective in fabricating high-quality 2D MCs. Nevertheless, the conventionally high thermal budgets required for synthesizing 2D MCs pose limitations, particularly in the integration of multiple components and in specialized applications (such as flexible electronics). To overcome these challenges, it is desirable to reduce the thermal energy requirements, thus facilitating the growth of various 2D MCs at lower temperatures. Numerous endeavors have been undertaken to develop low-temperature vapor-phase growth techniques for 2D MCs, and this review aims to provide an overview of the latest advances in low-temperature vapor-phase growth of 2D MCs. Initially, the review highlights the latest progress in achieving high-quality 2D MCs through various low-temperature vapor-phase techniques, including chemical vapor deposition (CVD), metal-organic CVD, plasma-enhanced CVD, atomic layer deposition (ALD), etc. The strengths and current limitations of these methods are also evaluated. Subsequently, the review consolidates the diverse applications of 2D MCs grown at low temperatures, covering fields such as electronics, optoelectronics, flexible devices, and catalysis. Finally, current challenges and future research directions are briefly discussed, considering the most recent progress in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenan Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology, and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jiawen You
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology, and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Xudong Zheng
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Mei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jing Kong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Zhengtang Luo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology, and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, 999077, China
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology-Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Shaoming Huang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Energy Storage Devices, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
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Zhang Y, Lan J, Xu Y, Yan Y, Liu W, Liu X, Gu S, Zhou J, Wang M. Ultrafine PtCo alloy by pyrolysis etching-confined pyrolysis for enhanced hydrogen evolution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 660:997-1009. [PMID: 38290326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.01.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) has been widely used as a precursor to developing efficient PtCo alloy catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, traditional in-situ pyrolysis strategies involve complicated interface structure modulating processes between ZIF-67 and Pt precursors, challenging large-scale synthesis. Herein, a "pyrolysis etching-confined pyrolysis" approach is developed to design confined PtCo alloy in porous frameworks of onion carbon derived from ZIF-67. The confined PtCo alloy with Pt content of only 5.39 wt% exhibits a distinct HER activity in both acid (η10: 5 mV and Tafel: 9 mV dec-1) and basic (η10: 33 mV and Tafel: 51 mV dec-1) media and a drastic enhancement in stability. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the strong electronic interaction between Pt and Co allows favorable electron redistribution, which affords a favorable hydrogen spillover on PtCo alloy compared with that of pristine Pt(111). Operational electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrates that the Faraday reaction process is facilitated under acidic conditions, while the transfer of intermediates through the electric double-layer region under alkaline conditions is accelerated. This work not only offers a universal route for high-performance Pt-based alloy catalysts with metal-organic framework (MOF) precursors but also provides experimental evidence for the role of the electric double layer in electrocatalysis reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Jianhong Lan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yike Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xuguang Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Shaonan Gu
- Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals in Universities of Shandong, Jinan Engineering Laboratory for Multi-scale Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Jiadong Zhou
- Key Lab of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics & Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, and School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Meiling Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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6
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Jin G, Kim SH, Han HJ. Synthesis and Future Electronic Applications of Topological Nanomaterials. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:400. [PMID: 38203574 PMCID: PMC10779379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the last ten years, the discovery of topological materials has opened up new areas in condensed matter physics. These materials are noted for their distinctive electronic properties, unlike conventional insulators and metals. This discovery has not only spurred new research areas but also offered innovative approaches to electronic device design. A key aspect of these materials is now that transforming them into nanostructures enhances the presence of surface or edge states, which are the key components for their unique electronic properties. In this review, we focus on recent synthesis methods, including vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and chemical conversion techniques. Moreover, the scaling down of topological nanomaterials has revealed new electronic and magnetic properties due to quantum confinement. This review covers their synthesis methods and the outcomes of topological nanomaterials and applications, including quantum computing, spintronics, and interconnects. Finally, we address the materials and synthesis challenges that need to be resolved prior to the practical application of topological nanomaterials in advanced electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangtae Jin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
| | - Seo-Hyun Kim
- Department of Environment and Energy Engineering, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul 01133, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyeuk-Jin Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
- Department of Environment and Energy Engineering, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul 01133, Republic of Korea;
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7
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Zou J, Wu S, Lin Y, He S, Niu Q, Li X, Yang C. Electronic Phosphide-Support Interactions in Carbon-Supported Molybdenum Phosphide Catalysts Derived from Metal-Organic Frameworks. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37971262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial interaction in carbon-supported catalysts can offer geometric, electronic, and compositional effects that can be utilized to regulate catalytically active sites, while this is far from being systematically investigated in carbon-supported phosphide catalysts. Here, we proposed a novel concept of electronic phosphide-support interaction (EPSI), which was confirmed by using molybdenum phosphide (MoP) supported on nitrogen-phosphorus codoped carbon (NPC) as a model catalyst (MoP@NPC). Such a strong EPSI could not only stabilize MoP in a low-oxidation state under environmental conditions but also regulate its electronic structure, leading to reduced dissociation energy of the oxygen-containing intermediates and enhancing the catalytic activity for oxidative desulfurization. The removal of dibenzothiophene over the MoP@NPC was as high as 100% with a turnover frequency (TOF) value of 0.0027 s-1, which was 33 times higher than that of MoP without EPSI. This work will open new avenues for the development of high-performance supported phosphide catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncong Zou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
- Academy of Environmental and Resource Sciences, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Shaohua Wu
- Academy of Environmental and Resource Sciences, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Yan Lin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Shanying He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China
| | - Qiuya Niu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Academy of Environmental and Resource Sciences, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Chunping Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
- Academy of Environmental and Resource Sciences, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330063, China
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8
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Yun Q, Ge Y, Shi Z, Liu J, Wang X, Zhang A, Huang B, Yao Y, Luo Q, Zhai L, Ge J, Peng Y, Gong C, Zhao M, Qin Y, Ma C, Wang G, Wa Q, Zhou X, Li Z, Li S, Zhai W, Yang H, Ren Y, Wang Y, Li L, Ruan X, Wu Y, Chen B, Lu Q, Lai Z, He Q, Huang X, Chen Y, Zhang H. Recent Progress on Phase Engineering of Nanomaterials. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37962496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
As a key structural parameter, phase depicts the arrangement of atoms in materials. Normally, a nanomaterial exists in its thermodynamically stable crystal phase. With the development of nanotechnology, nanomaterials with unconventional crystal phases, which rarely exist in their bulk counterparts, or amorphous phase have been prepared using carefully controlled reaction conditions. Together these methods are beginning to enable phase engineering of nanomaterials (PEN), i.e., the synthesis of nanomaterials with unconventional phases and the transformation between different phases, to obtain desired properties and functions. This Review summarizes the research progress in the field of PEN. First, we present representative strategies for the direct synthesis of unconventional phases and modulation of phase transformation in diverse kinds of nanomaterials. We cover the synthesis of nanomaterials ranging from metal nanostructures such as Au, Ag, Cu, Pd, and Ru, and their alloys; metal oxides, borides, and carbides; to transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and 2D layered materials. We review synthesis and growth methods ranging from wet-chemical reduction and seed-mediated epitaxial growth to chemical vapor deposition (CVD), high pressure phase transformation, and electron and ion-beam irradiation. After that, we summarize the significant influence of phase on the various properties of unconventional-phase nanomaterials. We also discuss the potential applications of the developed unconventional-phase nanomaterials in different areas including catalysis, electrochemical energy storage (batteries and supercapacitors), solar cells, optoelectronics, and sensing. Finally, we discuss existing challenges and future research directions in PEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinbai Yun
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering & Energy Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yiyao Ge
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenyu Shi
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 627833, Singapore
| | - Xixi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - An Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Biao Huang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qinxin Luo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingjie Ge
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yongwu Peng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Chengtao Gong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Meiting Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yutian Qin
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chen Ma
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qingbo Wa
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xichen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zijian Li
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siyuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yongji Wang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lujing Li
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinyang Ruan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuxuan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qipeng Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhuangchai Lai
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qiyuan He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (SoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
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9
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Wang W, Qi J, Wu Z, Zhai W, Pan Y, Bao K, Zhai L, Wu J, Ke C, Wang L, Ding M, He Q. On-chip electrocatalytic microdevices. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:2891-2926. [PMID: 37596356 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00866-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
On-chip electrocatalytic microdevices (OCEMs) are an emerging electrochemical platform specialized for investigating nanocatalysts at the microscopic level. The OCEM platform allows high-precision electrochemical measurements at the individual nanomaterial level and, more importantly, offers unique perspectives inaccessible with conventional electrochemical methods. This protocol describes the critical concepts, experimental standardization, operational principles and data analysis of OCEMs. Specifically, standard protocols for the measurement of the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction of individual 2D nanosheets are introduced with data validation, interpretation and benchmarking. A series of factors (e.g., the exposed area of material, the choice of passivation layer and current leakage) that could have effects on the accuracy and reliability of measurement are discussed. In addition, as an example of the high adaptability of OCEMs, the protocol for in situ electrical transport measurement is detailed. We believe that this protocol will promote the general adoption of the OCEM platform and inspire further development in the near future. This protocol requires essential knowledge in chemical synthesis, device fabrication and electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junlei Qi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zongxiao Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanghang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Bao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingkun Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chengxuan Ke
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mengning Ding
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qiyuan He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Ma H, Huang X, Li L, Peng W, Lin S, Ding Y, Mai L. Boosting the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Performance of P-Doped PtTe 2 Nanocages via Spontaneous Defects Formation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302685. [PMID: 37312427 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PtTe2 , a member of the noble metal dichalcogenides (NMDs), has aroused great interest in exploring its behavior in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to the unique type-II topological semimetallic nature. In this work, a simple template-free hydrothermal method to obtain the phosphorus-doped (P-doped) PtTe2 nanocages with abundant amorphous and crystalline interface (A/C-P-PtTe2 ) is developed. Revealed by density functional theory calculations, the atomic Te vacancies can spontaneously form on the basal planes of PtTe2 by the P doping, which results in the unsaturated Pt atoms exposed as the active sites in the amorphous layer for HER. Owing to the defective structure, the A/C-P-PtTe2 catalysts have the fast Tafel step determined kinetics in HER, which contributes to an ultralow overpotential (η = 28 mV at 10 mA cm-2 ) and a small Tafel slope of 37 mV dec-1 . More importantly, benefiting from the inner stable crystalline P-PtTe2 nanosheets, limited decay of the performance is observed after chronopotentiometry test. This work reveals the important role of the inherent relationship between structure and activity in PtTe2 for HER, which may bring another enlightenment for the design of efficient catalysts based on NMDs in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hancheng Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Huang
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Luyu Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Wei Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yao Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Liqiang Mai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
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Wang W, Song Y, Ke C, Li Y, Liu Y, Ma C, Wu Z, Qi J, Bao K, Wang L, Wu J, Jiang S, Zhao J, Lee CS, Chen Y, Luo G, He Q, Ye R. Filling the Gap between Heteroatom Doping and Edge Enrichment of 2D Electrocatalysts for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution. ACS NANO 2023; 17:1287-1297. [PMID: 36629409 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Composition modulation and edge enrichment are established protocols to steer the electronic structures and catalytic activities of two-dimensional (2D) materials. It is believed that a heteroatom enhances the catalytic performance by activating the chemically inert basal plane of 2D crystals. However, the edge and basal plane have inherently different electronic states, and how the dopants affect the edge activity remains ambiguous. Here we provide mechanistic insights into this issue by monitoring the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance of phosphorus-doped MoS2 (P-MoS2) nanosheets via on-chip electrocatalytic microdevices. Upon phosphorus doping, MoS2 nanosheet gets catalytically activated and, more importantly, shows higher HER activity in the edge than the basal plane. In situ transport measurement demonstrates that the improved HER performance of P-MoS2 is derived from intrinsic catalytic activity rather than charge transfer. Density functional theory calculations manifest that the edge sites of P-MoS2 are energetically more favorable for HER. The finding guides the rational design of edge-dominant P-MoS2, reaching a minuscule onset potential of ∼30 mV and Tafel slope of 48 mV/dec that are benchmarked against other activation methods. Our results disclose the hitherto overlooked edge activity of 2D materials induced by heteroatom doping that will provide perspectives for preparing next-generation 2D catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Wang
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong518057, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yun Song
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chengxuan Ke
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong518055, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chen Ma
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zongxiao Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junlei Qi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kai Bao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingkun Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiong Zhao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guangfu Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Science and Material Design, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong518055, China
| | - Qiyuan He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ruquan Ye
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong518057, China
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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