1
|
Cai J, Parker M, Tekwe C, Bidulescu A. Food insecurity and mental health among US adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from National Health Interview Survey, 2020-2021. J Affect Disord 2024; 356:707-714. [PMID: 38608771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine socio-demographic disparities in food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic and the association between food insecurity and mental health among US adults overall and communities vulnerable to food insecurity. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using the 2020-2021 National Health Interview Survey of 57,456 US adults. Weighted multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between food insecurity and anxiety or depression symptoms in overall US adults and subgroups including young adults (18-34 years), females, Hispanic people, non-Hispanic Black people, individuals with prior COVID-19 infection, the unemployed, low-income participants, participants with children, and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participants. RESULTS Young or middle age, female sex, Hispanic/non-Hispanic Black/other race/ethnicity, lower education level, unmarried/other marital status, unemployment, being below the federal poverty level, and greater number of persons in the household were associated with food insecurity (AOR ranged from 1.35 to 2.70, all p < 0.05). Food insecurity was independently associated with anxiety (AOR = 2.67, 99 % CI: 2.33, 3.06) or depression (AOR = 3.04, 99 % CI: 2.60, 3.55) symptoms in the overall adults. Significant associations between food insecurity and anxiety or depression symptoms were also observed in all subgroups (AOR ranged from 1.95 to 3.28, all p < 0.0001). Compared with overall adults, the magnitude of the association was greater for participants with children, females (for depression only), and non-Hispanic Black people (for depression only). LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design prevents inference of causality. CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive policies are needed to ensure accessible and affordable food resources to reduce disparities in food insecurity and improve mental health, especially for those socioeconomically disadvantaged communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Cai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States of America.
| | - Maria Parker
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States of America
| | - Carmen Tekwe
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States of America
| | - Aurelian Bidulescu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
King N, Molina A, Hanna S, Brand Bateman L. Qualitative Study of Food Insecurity in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic. South Med J 2024; 117:260-265. [PMID: 38701847 PMCID: PMC11073801 DOI: 10.14423/smj.0000000000001684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Food insecurity (FI) is defined as limited or uncertain access to sufficient food for a healthy and active lifestyle. Our objective was to explore how the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affected the FI status of pediatric patients and their families through interviewing caregivers who screen positive for FI. METHODS Caregivers of all hospitalized patients at a tertiary children's hospital who screen positive for FI with a two-question screening tool were approached about enrolling in the study. Those who consented completed a presurvey and participated in a semistructured individual interview. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed according to the guidelines of thematic analysis using NVivo 12. RESULTS Interviews were conducted with 15 caregivers between July 2021 and January 2022. Caregivers were 100% female and 80% Black, 13% White, and 7% Hispanic/Latinx, with a mean age of 33 years. Seventy-three percent did not experience FI until the COVID-19 pandemic. Themes include lost wages, mothers forced out of the workforce due to childcare limitations, inflation and shortages of goods, increased stress/anxiety for caregivers and children, the centrality of extended family support, and the necessity/inadequacy of federal food programs. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic impacted unemployment and poverty and consequently exacerbated FI. Our findings point to the need to focus on proximal societal solutions, such as federal policies aimed at food assistance and childcare. Understanding the challenges related to FI that caregivers and patients experience can improve screening, support, and treatment of patients presenting for care and inform the design of necessary interventions for individuals and communities beyond COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie King
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Residency Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham
| | - Adolfo Molina
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham
| | - Samantha Hanna
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Academic Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Lori Brand Bateman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schneider KE, Martin EM, Allen ST, Morris M, Haney K, Saloner B, Sherman SG. Volatile drug use and overdose during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2024; 126:104371. [PMID: 38447262 PMCID: PMC11056297 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2024.104371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overdose deaths in the United States rose substantially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Disruptions to the drug supply and service provision introduced significant instability into the lives of people who use drugs (PWUD), including volatility in their drug use behaviors. METHODS Using data from a multistate survey of PWUD, we examined sociodemographic and drug use correlates of volatile drug use during COVID-19 using multivariable linear regression. In a multivariable logistic regression model, we assessed the association between volatile drug use and past month overdose adjusting for sociodemographic and other drug use characteristics. RESULTS Among participants, 52% were male, 50% were white, 29% had less than a high school education, and 25% were experiencing homelessness. Indicators of volatile drug use were prevalent: 53% wanted to use more drugs; 45% used more drugs; 43% reported different triggers for drug use, and 23% used drugs that they did not typically use. 14% experienced a past-month overdose. In adjusted models, hunger (β=0.47, 95% CI: 0.21-0.72), transactional sex (β=0.50, 95% CI: 0.06-0.94), and the number of drugs used (β=0.16, 95% CI: 0.07-0.26) were associated with increased volatile drug use. Volatile drug use was associated with increased overdose risk (aOR=1.42, 95% CI: 1.17-1.71) in the adjusted model. CONCLUSIONS Volatile drug use during the COVID-19 pandemic was common, appeared to be driven by structural vulnerability, and was associated with increased overdose risk. Addressing volatile drug use through interventions that ensure structural stability for PWUD and a safer drug supply is essential for mitigating the ongoing overdose crisis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin E Schneider
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Emily M Martin
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sean T Allen
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Miles Morris
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Katherine Haney
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Brendan Saloner
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Susan G Sherman
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nix E, Dietrich N, Fralic J, Baker D. Increases in New but Not Returning Families to a Midwestern Food Pantry Network During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Acad Nutr Diet 2024; 124:215-224. [PMID: 37739124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food pantries are a resource for those experiencing food insecurity. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in food pantry utilization and volunteerism for a food pantry network during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN This 36-month longitudinal, observational study is a secondary analysis of data collected from an Ohio food pantry network. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Participants were clients of a food pantry network. The data represent visits from 12 months prepandemic (March 2019 through February 2020), during the pandemic (March 2020 through February 2021), and after vaccines were readily available (March 2021 through February 2022). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Each data point represents a visit to the pantry network. The main outcome measures were total, returning, and new visits (ie, households that had not previously used this pantry network). The secondary outcome was volunteer hours by month. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS In order to account for month-to-month variability in pantry utilization, the data were analyzed using a time-series linear regression analysis with the month as the unit of analysis. RESULTS A total of 174,397 visits were recorded during the course of 36 months. Sixty-nine percent of reporting household members were female, 48% reported at least 1 senior in the home, and 41% reported at least 1 child at home. There was no significant change in total or returning visits during the pandemic or after vaccines were available compared with prepandemic levels. However, there was a significant increase in new households to the food pantry network during the pandemic compared with prepandemic (P = .05). Volunteer hours decreased significantly during the pandemic compared with prepandemic months and remained low even after vaccines were available (P = .004 and P = .003, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Although there was an increase in households new to the food pantry, overall utilization did not increase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dean Baker
- Luther Social Services Food Pantry Network, Columbus, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kelley K, Campbell E, Steiber A, Yakes Jimenez E. Repeated Cross-Sectional Surveys of Registered Dietitian Nutritionists Demonstrate Rapid Practice Changes to Address Food Insecurity During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. J Acad Nutr Diet 2024; 124:268-278.e13. [PMID: 35963532 PMCID: PMC9364914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.08.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic had worldwide economic impact, exacerbating food insecurity risk for vulnerable populations. OBJECTIVE To describe changes in practice and challenges and areas of need related to addressing food insecurity during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic for registered dietitian nutritionist survey respondents. DESIGN A cross-sectional, anonymous, online survey distributed via the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics e-mail communication platform and social media accounts from April through May 2020 (Wave 1 [W1]) and December 2020-February 2021 (Wave 2 [W2]). PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Participants were US-based registered dietitian nutritionists practicing in community-based settings to address food insecurity (W1: n = 454; W2: n = 331). STATISTICAL ANALYSES Responses were descriptively summarized using means ± SD, medians and interquartile ranges, or number of observations and percentages. Open-ended responses were manually reviewed and organized into major themes. RESULTS Respondents had about 10 years of experience in addressing food insecurity and were most commonly involved with the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children, federal school nutrition programs, or food banks. Participants described increased demand for food security assistance (W1: 68%; W2: 60%). Among respondents involved in food preparation and handling (W1: n = 183; W2: n = 110), supply chain (W1: 61%; W2: 56%) and staffing (W1: 37%; W2: 50%) challenges were commonly reported. Child nutrition program professionals (W1: n = 143; W2: n = 84) reported widespread implementation of optional program waivers, with the most commonly implemented waivers allowing noncongregate meal service (W1: 83%; W2: 81%), caregivers to pick up meals (W1: 69%; W2: 85%), and flexibility in mealservice times (W1: 75%; W2: 87%). CONCLUSIONS Respondents quickly adapted programs to ensure staff and client safety while continuing to provide essential food security services. They identified the need for ongoing nutrition program policy advocacy and timely access to best practice resources during public health emergencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Kelley
- Nutrition Research Network, Research, International, and Scientific Affairs, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Elizabeth Campbell
- Legislative and Government Affairs, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alison Steiber
- Research, International, and Scientific Affairs, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Elizabeth Yakes Jimenez
- Nutrition Research Network, Research, International, and Scientific Affairs, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine and College of Population Health, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ahmed M, Richardson A, Riad J, McPherson C, Sellen DW, Malik VS. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the adaptability and resiliency of school food programs across Canada. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1296620. [PMID: 38235159 PMCID: PMC10791823 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1296620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Following the sudden closure of schools due to the pandemic in 2020, many school food program (SFP) operators lost their operating venues and had to innovate to continue distributing meals to children. Our objective was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the delivery, adaptability, and resiliency of school food programs across Canada by conducting a systematic rapid review. Materials and methods Systematic literature searches identified newspaper articles and social media sources related to the adaptations and challenges faced by school food programs across Canada in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Included sources were assessed and thematically categorized according to the dimensions of the Analysis Grid for Environments Linked to Obesity (ANGELO) and Getting To Equity (GTE) frameworks to identify factors impacting the delivery, adaptability, and resiliency of school food programs in Canada. Results School food programs in Canada made various efforts to meet existing and new challenges associated with the delivery of these programs to keep feeding school children, particularly those most vulnerable, during the pandemic. Distribution of food kits, prepared meals and gift cards/coupons were successful pathways in ensuring support for food accessibility to students and their families. Increased collaborations between community members and organizations/stakeholders to help maintain food delivery or collectively offer new modes to deliver foods were most frequently cited as key to facilitating school food programming. However, maintenance and sustainability related to operating costs and funding were identified as key challenges to successful school food programming. Conclusion Our study highlights the swift and substantial transformation school food programs,, underwent in response to the pandemic, driven by the urgent need to ensure that students still had access to nutritious meals and the importance of policy and resource support to bolster the adaptability and resiliency of these programs. Findings on facilitators and challenges to school food programs during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic can inform development of guidelines to design a robust national Canadian school food program and help make existing programs more sustainable, adaptable, and resilient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mavra Ahmed
- Joannah and Brian Lawson Centre for Child Nutrition, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alana Richardson
- Joannah and Brian Lawson Centre for Child Nutrition, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica Riad
- Joannah and Brian Lawson Centre for Child Nutrition, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chelsea McPherson
- Joannah and Brian Lawson Centre for Child Nutrition, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel W. Sellen
- Joannah and Brian Lawson Centre for Child Nutrition, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vasanti S. Malik
- Joannah and Brian Lawson Centre for Child Nutrition, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lambie-Mumford H, Loopstra R, Gordon K. How effective were government food box schemes for those who were shielding during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom? Local and national stakeholder perspectives. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:3247-3255. [PMID: 37622216 PMCID: PMC10755418 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023001829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In spring 2020, governments across the UK put in place food box schemes to protect access to food for the population told to 'shield' from COVID-19 (i.e. not leave their house for any reason). This article explores the design, implementation and impact of food box schemes intended to regularly provide a week's worth of food for individuals who were shielding. DESIGN Interviews and workshops with national and local stakeholders over summer 2020 to autumn 2021. SETTING England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. PARTICIPANTS National and local government and NGO stakeholders involved in food response during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS Local authorities played a crucial role, implementing and supplementing the national provision of food box schemes. Three key shortcomings of the schemes were identified: coverage, contents and accessibility. In England and Wales, the scheme only provided food for shielding individuals, not their household members. Across the schemes, box contents were criticised for not containing sufficient amounts of fresh or healthy food and for not being able to meet individual dietary requirements. They were also inaccessible for people who required support with lifting or preparing food. CONCLUSIONS The inadequacy of shielding food box schemes may have undermined people's ability to shield during the first UK lockdown. The COVID-19 pandemic required rapidly implemented policy responses, but these findings underscore the importance of universal provision and nutrition, physical accessibility and cultural food needs when formulating public health nutrition interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Lambie-Mumford
- Department of Politics and International Relations, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, SheffieldS10 2TN, UK
| | - Rachel Loopstra
- University of Liverpool, Waterhouse Building, Block B, Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L69 3GF, UK
| | - Katy Gordon
- Department of Politics and International Relations, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, SheffieldS10 2TN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Harper K, Bode B, Gupta K, Terhaar A, Baltaci A, Asada Y, Lane H. Challenges and Opportunities for Equity in US School Meal Programs: A Scoping Review of Qualitative Literature Regarding the COVID-19 Emergency. Nutrients 2023; 15:3738. [PMID: 37686770 PMCID: PMC10490348 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergency school meals program provided free meals to children in the United States (US) during COVID-19-related school closures. This scoping review aims to synthesize the existing qualitative empirical evidence published between March 2020 and January 2023 on the operations and utilization of emergency school meal programs during the pandemic. Qualitative, US-based peer-reviewed literature was collected from three sources: (1) parent review of all federal nutrition assistance programs; (2) systematic search of four databases; and (3) manual search of grey literature. Identified scientific articles and grey literature reports (n = 183) were uploaded into Covidence and screened for duplicates and inclusion/exclusion criteria. Our final sample included 21 articles/reports, including 14 mixed methods and seven qualitative-only projects. Articles spanned all U.S. states. Articles had similar research questions to understand school meals and/or general food access during COVID-19, with an emphasis on long-term policy implications. Hybrid deductive/inductive analytic coding was used to analyze data, utilizing domains from the Getting to Equity Framework (GTE). GTE considers multi-level factors that influence nutrition behavior while centering more equitable pathways to improve nutrition security and reduce adverse health. Findings were sorted into two categories: operational challenges during the pandemic and solutions to address inequities in school meal distribution during and after the pandemic, particularly during school closures such as summers or future emergencies. Key challenges related to supply chain issues, safety, and balancing families' needs with limited staff capacity. Programs addressed equity by (a) reducing deterrents through federally issued waivers and increased communications which allowed the serving of meals by programs to families who previously did not have access, (b) building community capacity through collaborations and partnerships which allowed for increased distribution, and (c) preparing and distributing healthy options unless barriers in supply chain superseded the effort. This review highlights the importance of emergency school meal programs and provides insights into addressing challenges and promoting equity in future out-of-school times. These insights could be applied to policy and practice change to optimize program budgets, increase reach equitably, and improve access to nutritious meals among populations at highest risk for nutrition insecurity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Harper
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Bree Bode
- Michigan Fitness Foundation, Lansing, MI 48906, USA
| | - Kritika Gupta
- Department of Nutrition & Hospitality Management, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ally Terhaar
- Department of Behavioral Science and Health Education, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Aysegul Baltaci
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yuka Asada
- Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Hannah Lane
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gilleran MM, Koosis AO, Hill AB, Beavers AW. A Qualitative Examination of the Detroit Community Food Response to COVID-19. Nutrients 2023; 15:3047. [PMID: 37447373 DOI: 10.3390/nu15133047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic increased the need for food assistance due to surging unemployment, the closure of in-person schooling, and other factors. This posed a historic challenge to organizations that address food insecurity: meeting the surging need for food while minimizing COVID-19 transmission. This study aimed to identify how food insecurity program operations changed during the pandemic and to examine the facilitators/successes and barriers/challenges to operations. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with staff at 13 organizations involved in addressing food insecurity in Detroit during the pandemic. Interviews were coded by two coders, summarized, and then used to create matrices and concept map displays for each organization. We found that nearly all programs changed to a contactless food distribution format, and most programs experienced an increase in demand for food. Common successes/facilitators included keeping clients and staff safe from COVID-19 and waivers that eased program rules. Common challenges/barriers included the increased need for labor and food. Lack of funding was a barrier for some organizations, and others that experienced an increase in funding reported that it facilitated their work. This research identified the needs of programs addressing food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic, which can inform future disaster planning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Gilleran
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Science Hall 410 W Warren, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Aeneas O Koosis
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Science Hall 410 W Warren, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Alex B Hill
- Department of Urban Studies and Planning, Wayne State University, Faculty/Administration Bldg 656 W. Kirby, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Alyssa W Beavers
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Science Hall 410 W Warren, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lee MM, Poole MK, Zack RM, Fiechtner L, Rimm EB, Kenney EL. Food insecurity and the role of food assistance programs in supporting diet quality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1007177. [PMID: 36687676 PMCID: PMC9849926 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1007177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Economic and supply chain shocks resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 led to substantial increases in the numbers of individuals experiencing food-related hardship in the US, with programs aimed at addressing food insecurity like the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and food pantries seeing significant upticks in utilization. While these programs have improved food access overall, the extent to which diet quality changed, and whether they helped mitigate diet quality disruptions, is not well understood. Objective To evaluate food insecurity, food pantry and/or SNAP participation associations with both diet quality as well as perceived disruptions in diet during the COVID-19 pandemic among Massachusetts adults with lower incomes. Methods We analyzed complete-case data from 1,256 individuals with complete data from a cross-sectional online survey of adults (ages 18 years and above) living in Massachusetts who responded to "The MA Statewide Food Access Survey" between October 2020 through January 2021. Study recruitment and survey administration were performed by The Greater Boston Food Bank. We excluded respondents who reported participation in assistance programs but were ineligible (n = 168), those who provided straightlined responses to the food frequency questionnaire component of the survey (n = 34), those with incomes above 300% of the federal poverty level (n = 1,427), those who completed the survey in 2021 (n = 8), and those who reported improved food insecurity (n = 55). Current dietary intake was assessed via food frequency questionnaire. Using Bayesian regression models, we examined associations between pandemic food insecurity, perceived disruption in diet, diet quality, and intakes of individual foods among those who completed a survey in 2020. We assessed interactions by pantry and SNAP participation to determine whether participation moderated these relationships. Results Individuals experiencing food insecurity reported greater disruption in diet during the pandemic and reduced consumption of healthy/unhealthy foods. Pantry participation attenuated significant associations between food insecurity and lower consumption of unhealthy (b = -1.13 [95% CI -1.97 to -0.31]) and healthy foods (b = -1.07 [-1.82 to -0.34]) to null (unhealthy foods: -0.70 [-2.24 to 0.84]; healthy foods: 0.30 [-1.17 to 1.74]), whereas SNAP participation attenuated associations for healthy foods alone (from -1.07 [-1.82 to -0.34] to -0.75 [-1.83 to 0.32]). Results were robust to choice of prior as well as to alternative modeling specifications. Conclusion Among adults with lower incomes, those experiencing food insecurity consumed less food, regardless of healthfulness, compared to individuals not experiencing food insecurity. Participation in safety-net programs, including SNAP and pantry participation, buffered this phenomenon. Continued support of SNAP and the food bank network and a focus on access to affordable healthy foods may simultaneously alleviate hunger while improving nutrition security.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M. Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States,*Correspondence: Matthew M. Lee,
| | - Mary Kathryn Poole
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Lauren Fiechtner
- The Greater Boston Food Bank, Boston, MA, United States,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, United States,Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eric B. Rimm
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Erica L. Kenney
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States,Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bell A, Taylor DE. A Vanishing Food Infrastructure: The Closure of Food Outlets in Flint
in a Pandemic Era. THE AMERICAN BEHAVIORAL SCIENTIST 2023:00027642221142202. [PMCID: PMC9827138 DOI: 10.1177/00027642221142202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Most food access studies focus on large cities, examine traditional grocery stores, and only consider operational food outlets. This siloed approach exposes a gap in food access literature. Therefore, as a part of our assessment of Flint’s food landscape, we examined closed food outlets in the city and surrounding townships. We investigated the relationship between the racial composition of census tracts and the number and type of defunct food outlets identified. We used Data Axle to collect and verify data on open and closed food outlets between September 2020 and December 2021. We made a final verification of the food outlet closures in June 2022. We used ArcGIS 10.8.1 and SPSS Version 28 to map and analyze the data. We used negative binomial regression models to determine differences in the likelihood of having an additional closed food outlet in census tracts with low and high percentages of Black residents. We also investigated the relationship between a census tract’s median income and the likelihood of having an additional closed food outlet. There were 173 closed food outlets; 81 were in Flint, and 92 were in surrounding townships. The most frequently closed food outlets were restaurants; they accounted for 45.1% of the closures. The mean number of closed food venues in census tracts where less than 40% of the residents were Black was 1.5. The mean was similar in census tracts where 40% or more of the residents were Black; it was 1.6. This difference was not significant. However, the median income of a census tract was a significant predictor of the likelihood of having an additional closed food outlet. Every one-thousand-dollar increase in median income resulted in a 2% less likelihood of having an additional closed food outlet. The results of this study show that there is more to the food landscape of a city than its operational food outlets. Focusing exclusively on active food outlets does not accurately depict a city's food infrastructure.
Collapse
|
12
|
Zimmer R, Strahley A, Weiss J, McNeill S, McBride AS, Best S, Harrison D, Montez K. Exploring Perceptions of a Fresh Food Prescription Program during COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10725. [PMID: 36078442 PMCID: PMC9518155 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This qualitative study aimed to elicit the perspectives of individuals with food insecurity (FI) who were enrolled in a Fresh Food Prescription (FFRx) delivery program through a collaboration between an academic medical center and multiple community partners in the southeastern United States. Semi-structured interviews and open-ended survey responses explored the experiences of participants enrolled in a FFRx delivery program during the COVID-19 pandemic. The interviews probed the shopping habits, food security, experience, and impact of the program on nutrition, health, and well-being; the surveys explored the perceptions of and satisfaction with the program. A coding scheme was developed inductively, and a thematic analysis was conducted on raw narrative data using Atlas.ti 8.4 to sort and manage the data. The themes included that the program promoted healthy dietary habits, improved access to high-quality foods, improved well-being, enhanced financial well-being, and alleviated logistical barriers to accessing food and cooking. Participants provided suggestions for FFRx improvement. Future studies may facilitate improved clinical-community partnerships to address FI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Zimmer
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Ashley Strahley
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Jane Weiss
- BestHealth, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Sheena McNeill
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Allison S. McBride
- Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Scott Best
- H.O.P.E. of Winston Salem, Winston Salem, NC 27106, USA
| | | | - Kimberly Montez
- Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Varela EG, Zeldman J, Mobley AR. Community Stakeholders' Perceptions on Barriers and Facilitators to Food Security of Families with Children under Three Years before and during COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10642. [PMID: 36078356 PMCID: PMC9518144 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Children living in food-insecure households have poorer overall health than children in food-secure households. While U.S. nutrition assistance programs provide resources, these cannot consistently offer age-appropriate nutritional foods for young children. This study aimed to determine community stakeholders' perceptions of the barriers and facilitators to obtaining adequate, high-quality, and age-appropriate foods for children ages 0-3 in Florida before and during COVID-19. Community stakeholders (n = 32) participated in a 60 min interview via Zoom using a semi-structured script based on the PRECEDE component of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded by two researchers using a thematic analysis approach. Stakeholders' perceptions revealed a lack of awareness surrounding eligibility for assistance programs, a lack of knowledge regarding how to obtain resources and services, and stigma associated with receiving benefits. These remained significant barriers to obtaining healthful foods for households with young children before and during COVID-19. Nonetheless, barriers were exacerbated during the pandemic. Unemployment rates rose, intensifying these households' financial hardships and food insecurity levels. Likewise, stakeholders suggested the need for families to become more aware of federal assistance eligibility requirements and available opportunities via social media and referrals. Identifying risk factors associated with food insecurity can inform future interventions to safeguard young children's health and well-being.
Collapse
|
14
|
Chaves E, Reddy SD, Cadieux A, Tomasula J, Reynolds K. The Continued Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Pediatric Obesity: A Commentary on the Return to a Healthy New "Normal". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:5597. [PMID: 35564991 PMCID: PMC9103242 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Two years into this pandemic, mental health symptoms are more prevalent in children and adolescents, routine wellness visits have decreased, individuals and families are experiencing increased stress, and food and nutrition insecurity are on the rise. Pediatric overweight and obesity are yet another health condition that has been impacted by the pandemic. The current commentary aims to (a) summarize a variety of factors contributing to worsening obesity and healthy lifestyle choices in youth throughout the pandemic and to (b) provide recommendations for healthcare providers on navigating this challenge. Specific health behaviors, such as increased sedentary behavior, decreased physical activity, a change to families' home-food environments, and an increase in sleep dysregulation have contributed to increased weight gain in children and adolescents. As uncertainty continues with the advent of various COVID-19 variants, it remains important to consider how the pandemic has impacted pediatric overweight and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Chaves
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Sheethal D. Reddy
- Children’s Pediatric Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Adelle Cadieux
- Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA;
| | | | - Kimberly Reynolds
- Institute on Development and Disability, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Whitesell A, Fitch H. Using Social Media to Promote School Nutrition Programs During the COVID-19 Pandemic. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2022; 92:485-492. [PMID: 35234278 PMCID: PMC9115237 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Millions of school-aged children receive free or reduced-price lunches through the United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) National School Lunch Program; that service was disrupted when public schools closed at the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic. Prior to the pandemic, this program received little attention on school districts' social media accounts. METHODS We collected Twitter data from 70 Ohio public school districts to construct a measure of attention paid toward school nutrition programs from 2008 to 2021. We also collected district-level data to analyze the relationship between district characteristics and mentions of school nutrition programs. RESULTS We show that attention to school nutrition programs significantly increased during the pandemic. School districts with a greater student population density and greater geographic area were more likely to tweet about these programs. CONCLUSIONS School districts can, and should, use social media to inform residents about school nutrition programs and food security programs more generally. Social media provides a low-cost way to lessen the administrative burden for families trying to access these programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hunter Fitch
- Data Science and Statistics Major, Miami University349 E. High StreetOxfordOH45056USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Reconsidering the role of place in health and welfare services: lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States and Canada. SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL PRACTICE RESEARCH 2022; 4:57-69. [PMID: 35464237 PMCID: PMC9016382 DOI: 10.1007/s42532-022-00111-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Places-the meaningful locations of daily life-have been central to the wellbeing of humans since they first formed social groups, providing a stable base for individuals, families, and communities. In the United States and Canada, as elsewhere, place also plays a foundational role in the provision of critical social and health services and resources. Yet the globally destabilizing events of the COVID-19 pandemic have dramatically challenged the concept, experience, and meaning of place. Place-centered public health measures such as lockdowns and stay-at-home orders have disrupted and transformed homes, neighborhoods, workplaces, and schools. These measures stressed families and communities, particularly among marginalized groups, and made the delivery of vital resources and services more difficult. At the same time, the pandemic has stimulated a range of creative and resilient responses. Building from an overview of these effects and drawing conceptually on theories of people-place relationships, this paper argues for critical attention to reconsidering and re-envisioning prevailing assumptions about place-centric policies, services, and practices. Such reappraisal is vital to ensuring that, going forward, scholars, policymakers, and practitioners can effectively design and deliver services capable of maintaining social connections, safety, and wellbeing in contexts of uncertainty, inequality, and flux.
Collapse
|
17
|
Goetz SJ, Heaton C, Imran M, Pan Y, Tian Z, Schmidt C, Qazi U, Ofli F, Mitra P. Food insufficiency and Twitter emotions during a pandemic. APPLIED ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES AND POLICY 2022; 45:AEPP13258. [PMID: 35572046 PMCID: PMC9082005 DOI: 10.1002/aepp.13258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic initially caused worldwide concerns about food insecurity. Tweets analyzed in real-time may help food assistance providers target food supplies to where they are most urgently needed. In this exploratory study, we use natural language processing to extract sentiments and emotions expressed in food security-related tweets early in the pandemic in U.S. states. The emotion joy dominated in these tweets nationally, but only anger, disgust, and fear were also statistically correlated with contemporaneous food insufficiency rates reported in the Household Pulse Survey; more nuanced and statistically stronger correlations are detected within states, including a negative correlation with joy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan J. Goetz
- Northeast Regional Center for Rural DevelopmentPenn State UniversityState CollegePennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Sociology, and EducationPenn State UniversityState CollegePennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Connor Heaton
- College of Information Sciences and TechnologyPenn State UniversityState CollegePennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Qatar Computing Research InstituteHamad Bin Khalifa UniversityDohaQatar
| | - Yuxuan Pan
- Northeast Regional Center for Rural DevelopmentPenn State UniversityState CollegePennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Sociology, and EducationPenn State UniversityState CollegePennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Zheng Tian
- Northeast Regional Center for Rural DevelopmentPenn State UniversityState CollegePennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Sociology, and EducationPenn State UniversityState CollegePennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Umair Qazi
- Qatar Computing Research InstituteHamad Bin Khalifa UniversityDohaQatar
| | - Ferda Ofli
- Qatar Computing Research InstituteHamad Bin Khalifa UniversityDohaQatar
| | - Prasenjit Mitra
- College of Information Sciences and TechnologyPenn State UniversityState CollegePennsylvaniaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jung J, Tao J, Widmar NO. Quantifying "local food" online and social media in the United States for 2018-2021. AGRICULTURE & FOOD SECURITY 2022; 11:59. [PMID: 36540662 PMCID: PMC9756710 DOI: 10.1186/s40066-022-00397-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interest in local food has been growing, driven by increased attention from consumers, supporting policies, and interest in offering supply by local producers. Nonetheless, a definition of "local food" remains elusive, varying with purposes, geographies, and perceptions. This study quantifies online media mentioning local food in 2018-2021 using online and social media listening and analytics. In addition, a sub-search devoted to local food security and access was conducted due to a high proportion of mentions devoted to food security in the initial search. Variations in mentions and net sentiment quantified for individual US states are also presented. RESULTS The local food pantry sub-search arose after finding a large share of the general local food media was referencing local food access rather than production or other topics. The interest in local food access was more apparent during crises periods, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, during which even a larger portion of mentions are devoted to the local food pantry sub-search topic. Mentions quantified from the sub-search are mostly expressing concerns about worsened food insecurity during the pandemic and encouraging others to do things like donate food to local pantries. CONCLUSIONS Online and social media can play an important role towards active communication in local communities on topics, such as food availability and access. In addition, online media can facilitate more efficient emergency management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Jung
- grid.169077.e0000 0004 1937 2197Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University, 403 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Jingjing Tao
- grid.169077.e0000 0004 1937 2197Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University, 403 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Nicole Olynk Widmar
- grid.169077.e0000 0004 1937 2197Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University, 403 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lanier J, Schumacher J. The Action of Foodbanks and Food Pantries in Central Illinois during the COVID-19 Pandemic. JOURNAL OF HUNGER & ENVIRONMENTAL NUTRITION 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2021.2010629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Lanier
- Department of Health Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, USA
| | - Julie Schumacher
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
The Nutritional Content of Rescued Food Conveyed by a Food Aid Organization. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182212212. [PMID: 34831968 PMCID: PMC8624580 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: The number of food-insecure families in the European Union has increased, resulting in an increasing number of households depending on food assistance programs. The aim in this study was to evaluate the nutrient content of food rescued by a food aid organization that rescues and redistributes fresh or freshly cooked food to low-income households. Methods: To determine the nutritional content of food hampers provided by our case study organization, we weighed all items of food hampers in three weighing rounds over a period of four months. The Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) was applied to measure households’ food insecurity. Results: Our results show that, at our case study food aid organization, food donations substantially contribute to energy, macro, and micronutrient dietary recommendation intake (DRI). Conclusions: When evaluating how these nutrients contribute to alleviating food insecurity of the beneficiary households, we found that the perception of food insecurity is independent of the amount of nutrients served. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study measuring the nutritional content of fresh or freshly cooked rescued food conveyed by a food aid organization.
Collapse
|
21
|
Jiang X, Chen Y, Wang J. Global Food Security under COVID-19: Comparison and Enlightenment of Policy Responses in Different Countries. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112850. [PMID: 34829131 PMCID: PMC8618370 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: COVID-19 has exacerbated global food security risks, and the global food supply chain, especially in developing countries, has become more vulnerable. (2) Methods: In this paper, we discussed the current security of global food, response measures, and potential impacts, and analyzed the characteristics and evolution of food security policies in four representative countries: China, Italy, Malawi, Argentina. (3) Results: The results showed that most countries give priority to ensuring food access. Most underdeveloped countries adopt humanitarian intervention measures such as food distribution and transfer payments, while developed countries tend to implement development intervention policies such as supporting small- and medium-sized enterprises and guaranteeing employment. (4) Conclusions: Despite the ample global supply, developing countries still face long-term food security risks, highlighting the importance of strengthening global food security governance and risk management. Finally, a food security risk response policy framework was built to provide suggestions for effectively handling COVID-19 and similar public health emergencies in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Jiang
- Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Yangfen Chen
- Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (J.W.)
| | - Jieyong Wang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (J.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Babbitt CW, Babbitt GA, Oehman JM. Behavioral impacts on residential food provisioning, use, and waste during the COVID-19 pandemic. SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION 2021. [PMID: 34722846 DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.13308539.v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused unprecedented disruptions to food systems, leading to both food shortages and food waste across the supply chain. These disruptions have, in turn, altered how people consume and then ultimately discard food. To better understand these impacts, their underlying drivers, and their sustainability implications, this study surveyed U.S. consumers about food purchasing, use, and waste behaviors during the pandemic. Survey respondents reported an increase in overall food purchases and a slight decrease in food waste generation due to the pandemic, but the linkages between these outcomes and underlying behaviors were complex. For instance, reduced household food waste was significantly correlated with an increase in behaviors such as meal planning, preserving foods, and using leftovers and shelf-stable items. On the other hand, behaviors aimed at self-sufficiency, including bulk purchasing and stockpiling, were significantly correlated with increased food purchase, which in turn led to increased waste. Results may offer insight for future resource and waste management strategies. For example, over 60% of respondents who started or increased efficient food use behaviors stated an intent to continue these activities after the pandemic. In contrast, less than 10% of respondents reported that they began or increased separating or composting food waste during the pandemic, and many stopped altogether due to suspension of local curbside composting services. Findings suggest that it may be easier to shift food consumption and use behaviors but more challenging to alter food waste separation behaviors, particularly those influenced by external factors, such as infrastructure that may be vulnerable to disruption. Identifying ways to facilitate ongoing behavior change and foster robust food waste management systems can contribute to resilience of food systems now and once the immediate threat of the pandemic has subsided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Callie W Babbitt
- Golisano Institute for Sustainability, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Gregory A Babbitt
- Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jessica M Oehman
- Golisano Institute for Sustainability, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Babbitt CW, Babbitt GA, Oehman JM. Behavioral impacts on residential food provisioning, use, and waste during the COVID-19 pandemic. SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION 2021; 28:315-325. [PMID: 34722846 PMCID: PMC8536943 DOI: 10.1016/j.spc.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused unprecedented disruptions to food systems, leading to both food shortages and food waste across the supply chain. These disruptions have, in turn, altered how people consume and then ultimately discard food. To better understand these impacts, their underlying drivers, and their sustainability implications, this study surveyed U.S. consumers about food purchasing, use, and waste behaviors during the pandemic. Survey respondents reported an increase in overall food purchases and a slight decrease in food waste generation due to the pandemic, but the linkages between these outcomes and underlying behaviors were complex. For instance, reduced household food waste was significantly correlated with an increase in behaviors such as meal planning, preserving foods, and using leftovers and shelf-stable items. On the other hand, behaviors aimed at self-sufficiency, including bulk purchasing and stockpiling, were significantly correlated with increased food purchase, which in turn led to increased waste. Results may offer insight for future resource and waste management strategies. For example, over 60% of respondents who started or increased efficient food use behaviors stated an intent to continue these activities after the pandemic. In contrast, less than 10% of respondents reported that they began or increased separating or composting food waste during the pandemic, and many stopped altogether due to suspension of local curbside composting services. Findings suggest that it may be easier to shift food consumption and use behaviors but more challenging to alter food waste separation behaviors, particularly those influenced by external factors, such as infrastructure that may be vulnerable to disruption. Identifying ways to facilitate ongoing behavior change and foster robust food waste management systems can contribute to resilience of food systems now and once the immediate threat of the pandemic has subsided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Callie W Babbitt
- Golisano Institute for Sustainability, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Gregory A Babbitt
- Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jessica M Oehman
- Golisano Institute for Sustainability, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Thilmany D, Brislen L, Edmondson H, Gill M, Jablonski BBR, Rossi J, Woods T, Schaffstall S. Novel methods for an interesting time: Exploring U.S. local food systems' impacts and initiatives to respond to COVID. THE AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS 2021; 65:848-877. [PMID: 34899035 PMCID: PMC8652452 DOI: 10.1111/1467-8489.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and associated public health and social distancing mandates caused unprecedented shifts and disruptions for local and regional food systems (LRFS). The pandemic also brought new and heightened attention to the structure and resiliency of US food systems, and LRFS appeared to be positioned to significantly increase the scope and scale of their market reach as a result. Researchers from three universities collaborated with staff from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service to recruit leaders from sixteen key coalitions within the U.S. LRFS sector to frame an adaptive, community-driven set of applied research activities to understand important themes, learn from effective responses and gain insights into how local and regional supply chains may change post-pandemic. In this paper, we summarise urgent and emergent strategies and innovations from LRFS captured in a fall 2020 consumer survey, with additional insights on how the survey was framed and interpreted, considering synthesis of collaborative discussions and project team interactions. We conclude the article with a set of research, policy and technical assistance priorities that were identified and validated by this LRFS network.
Collapse
|
25
|
Health Systems Science. Adv Pediatr 2021; 68:1-19. [PMID: 34243847 PMCID: PMC9188469 DOI: 10.1016/j.yapd.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
26
|
Mitigating childhood food insecurity during COVID-19: a qualitative study of how school districts in California's San Joaquin Valley responded to growing needs. Public Health Nutr 2021; 26:1063-1073. [PMID: 34325769 PMCID: PMC8367873 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021003141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore best practices and challenges in providing school meals during COVID-19 in a low-income, predominantly Latino, urban-rural region. DESIGN Semi-structured interviews with school district stakeholders and focus groups with parents were conducted to explore school meal provision during COVID-19 from June to August 2020. Data were coded and themes were identified to guide analysis. Community organisations were involved in all aspects of study design, recruitment, data collection and analysis. SETTING Six school districts in California's San Joaquin Valley. PARTICIPANTS School district stakeholders (n 11) included food service directors, school superintendents and community partners (e.g. funders, food cooperative). Focus groups (n 6) were comprised of parents (n 29) of children participating in school meal programmes. RESULTS COVID-19-related challenges for districts included developing safe meal distribution systems, boosting low participation, covering COVID-19-related costs and staying informed of policy changes. Barriers for families included transportation difficulties, safety concerns and a lack of fresh foods. Innovative strategies to address obstacles included pandemic-electronic benefits transfer (EBT), bus-stop delivery, community pick-up locations, batched meals and leveraging partner resources. CONCLUSIONS A focus on fresher, more appealing meals and greater communication between school officials and parents could boost participation. Districts that leveraged external partnerships were better equipped to provide meals during pandemic conditions. In addition, policies increasing access to fresh foods and capitalising on United States Department of Agriculture waivers could boost school meal participation. Finally, partnering with community organisations and acting upon parent feedback could improve school meal systems, and in combination with pandemic-EBT, address childhood food insecurity.
Collapse
|