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Al Ghadeer HA, Alghazal FA, Alessa MA, Alghafli JA, Alkhalaf GI, Bumejdad HN, Alherz RM, Alshaikh Saleh RA, Almumtin KA, Abu Sinah AK. DIS3L2 Gene Mutation Causes the Perlman Syndrome of Overgrowth and Wilms Tumor Susceptibility. Cureus 2023; 15:e49777. [PMID: 38161545 PMCID: PMC10757746 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The deletion of the DIS3L2 gene causes the extremely uncommon congenital overgrowth syndrome, known as Perlman syndrome, which is autosomal recessive. Polyhydramnios, macrosomia, facial dysmorphism, renal dysplasia, and several congenital abnormalities with Wilms tumor propensity are its defining features. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), prune belly syndrome (PBS), and Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS1) have certain similar clinical characteristics with Perlman syndrome. The syndrome is often associated with a high neonatal mortality rate and there are few reports of long-term survivors. Here, we present a case with the classic clinical features of Perlman syndrome and a DIS3L2 gene deletion that was discovered prenatally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jinan A Alghafli
- Pediatrics, Maternity and Children Hospital, Al-Hofuf, SAU
- Medicine and Surgery, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, SAU
| | | | | | - Rabab M Alherz
- Pediatrics, Maternity and Children Hospital, Al-Ahsa, SAU
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Libes J, Hol J, Neto JCDA, Vallance KL, Tinteren HV, Benedetti DJ, Villar GLR, Duncan C, Ehrlich PF. Pediatric renal tumor epidemiology: Global perspectives, progress, and challenges. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023; 70 Suppl 2:e30343. [PMID: 37096796 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric renal tumors account for 3%-11% of childhood cancers, the most common of which is Wilms tumor or nephroblastoma. Epidemiology plays a key role in cancer prevention and control by describing the distribution of cancer and discovering risk factors for cancer. Large pediatric research consortium trials have led to a clearer understanding of pediatric renal tumors, identification of risk factors, and development of more risk-adapted therapies. These therapies have improved event-free and overall survival for children. However, several challenges remain and not all children have benefited from the improved outcomes. In this article, we review the global epidemiology of pediatric renal tumors, including key consortium and global studies. We identify current knowledge gaps and challenges facing both high and low middle-incomes countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Libes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, Illinois, USA
| | - Janna Hol
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Kelly L Vallance
- Hematology and Oncology, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | | | - Daniel J Benedetti
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Gema Lucia Ramirez Villar
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Pediatric Oncology Unit, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Catriona Duncan
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (GOSH), NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR, Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Peter F Ehrlich
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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3
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Libes J, Hol J, Neto JCDA, Vallance KL, Tinteren HV, Benedetti DJ, Villar GLR, Duncan C, Ehrlich PF. Pediatric renal tumor epidemiology: Global perspectives, progress, and challenges. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023; 70:e30006. [PMID: 36326750 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric renal tumors account for 3%-11% of childhood cancers, the most common of which is Wilms tumor or nephroblastoma. Epidemiology plays a key role in cancer prevention and control by describing the distribution of cancer and discovering risk factors for cancer. Large pediatric research consortium trials have led to a clearer understanding of pediatric renal tumors, identification of risk factors, and development of more risk-adapted therapies. These therapies have improved event-free and overall survival for children. However, several challenges remain and not all children have benefited from the improved outcomes. In this article, we review the global epidemiology of pediatric renal tumors, including key consortium and global studies. We identify current knowledge gaps and challenges facing both high and low middle-incomes countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Libes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, Illinois, USA
| | - Janna Hol
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Kelly L Vallance
- Hematology and Oncology, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | | | - Daniel J Benedetti
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Gema Lucia Ramirez Villar
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Pediatric Oncology Unit, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Catriona Duncan
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (GOSH), NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR, Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Peter F Ehrlich
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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4
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Zenker M, Mohnike K, Palm K. Syndromic forms of congenital hyperinsulinism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1013874. [PMID: 37065762 PMCID: PMC10098214 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1013874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI), also called hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HH), is a very heterogeneous condition and represents the most common cause of severe and persistent hypoglycemia in infancy and childhood. The majority of cases in which a genetic cause can be identified have monogenic defects affecting pancreatic β-cells and their glucose-sensing system that regulates insulin secretion. However, CHI/HH has also been observed in a variety of syndromic disorders. The major categories of syndromes that have been found to be associated with CHI include overgrowth syndromes (e.g. Beckwith-Wiedemann and Sotos syndromes), chromosomal and monogenic developmental syndromes with postnatal growth failure (e.g. Turner, Kabuki, and Costello syndromes), congenital disorders of glycosylation, and syndromic channelopathies (e.g. Timothy syndrome). This article reviews syndromic conditions that have been asserted by the literature to be associated with CHI. We assess the evidence of the association, as well as the prevalence of CHI, its possible pathophysiology and its natural course in the respective conditions. In many of the CHI-associated syndromic conditions, the mechanism of dysregulation of glucose-sensing and insulin secretion is not completely understood and not directly related to known CHI genes. Moreover, in most of those syndromes the association seems to be inconsistent and the metabolic disturbance is transient. However, since neonatal hypoglycemia is an early sign of possible compromise in the newborn, which requires immediate diagnostic efforts and intervention, this symptom may be the first to bring a patient to medical attention. As a consequence, HH in a newborn or infant with associated congenital anomalies or additional medical issues remains a differential diagnostic challenge and may require a broad genetic workup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Zenker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Martin Zenker,
| | - Klaus Mohnike
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katja Palm
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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5
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Hol JA, Jewell R, Chowdhury T, Duncan C, Nakata K, Oue T, Gauthier-Villars M, Littooij AS, Kaneko Y, Graf N, Bourdeaut F, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Pritchard-Jones K, Maher ER, Kratz CP, Jongmans MCJ. Wilms tumour surveillance in at-risk children: Literature review and recommendations from the SIOP-Europe Host Genome Working Group and SIOP Renal Tumour Study Group. Eur J Cancer 2021; 153:51-63. [PMID: 34134020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since previous consensus-based Wilms tumour (WT) surveillance guidelines were published, novel genes and syndromes associated with WT risk have been identified, and diagnostic molecular tests for previously known syndromes have improved. In view of this, the International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP)-Europe Host Genome Working Group and SIOP Renal Tumour Study Group hereby present updated WT surveillance guidelines after an extensive literature review and international consensus meetings. These guidelines are for use by clinical geneticists, pediatricians, pediatric oncologists and radiologists involved in the care of children at risk of WT. Additionally, we emphasise the need to register all patients with a cancer predisposition syndrome in national or international databases, to enable the development of better tumour risk estimates and tumour surveillance programs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna A Hol
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rosalyn Jewell
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Tanzina Chowdhury
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Catriona Duncan
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kayo Nakata
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takaharu Oue
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hyōgo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyōgo, Japan
| | | | - Annemieke S Littooij
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yasuhiko Kaneko
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Norbert Graf
- Department of Pediatric Oncology & Hematology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Franck Bourdeaut
- SIREDO Pediatric Oncology Center, Institut Curie Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Kathy Pritchard-Jones
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christian P Kratz
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology & Rare Disease Program, Hannover Medical School, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marjolijn C J Jongmans
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht / Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Brioude F, Toutain A, Giabicani E, Cottereau E, Cormier-Daire V, Netchine I. Overgrowth syndromes - clinical and molecular aspects and tumour risk. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019; 15:299-311. [PMID: 30842651 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-019-0180-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Overgrowth syndromes are a heterogeneous group of rare disorders characterized by generalized or segmental excessive growth commonly associated with additional features, such as visceromegaly, macrocephaly and a large range of various symptoms. These syndromes are caused by either genetic or epigenetic anomalies affecting factors involved in cell proliferation and/or the regulation of epigenetic markers. Some of these conditions are associated with neurological anomalies, such as cognitive impairment or autism. Overgrowth syndromes are frequently associated with an increased risk of cancer (embryonic tumours during infancy or carcinomas during adulthood), but with a highly variable prevalence. Given this risk, syndrome-specific tumour screening protocols have recently been established for some of these conditions. Certain specific clinical traits make it possible to discriminate between different syndromes and orient molecular explorations to determine which molecular tests to conduct, despite the syndromes having overlapping clinical features. Recent advances in molecular techniques using next-generation sequencing approaches have increased the number of patients with an identified molecular defect (especially patients with segmental overgrowth). This Review discusses the clinical and molecular diagnosis, tumour risk and recommendations for tumour screening for the most prevalent generalized and segmental overgrowth syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Brioude
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, AP-HP Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France.
| | - Annick Toutain
- CHU de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, Service de Génétique, INSERM UMR1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine, Tours, France
| | - Eloise Giabicani
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, AP-HP Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Edouard Cottereau
- CHU de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, Service de Génétique, Tours, France
| | - Valérie Cormier-Daire
- Service de génétique clinique, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMR1163, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Irene Netchine
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, AP-HP Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France
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Menezes MR, Balzeau J, Hagan JP. 3' RNA Uridylation in Epitranscriptomics, Gene Regulation, and Disease. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:61. [PMID: 30057901 PMCID: PMC6053540 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence implicates a wide range of post-transcriptional RNA modifications that play crucial roles in fundamental biological processes including regulating gene expression. Collectively, they are known as epitranscriptomics. Recent studies implicate 3' RNA uridylation, the non-templated addition of uridine(s) to the terminal end of RNA, as a key player in epitranscriptomics. In this review, we describe the functional roles and significance of 3' terminal RNA uridylation that has diverse functions in regulating both mRNAs and non-coding RNAs. In mammals, three Terminal Uridylyl Transferases (TUTases) are primarily responsible for 3' RNA uridylation. These enzymes are also referred to as polyU polymerases. TUTase 1 (TUT1) is implicated in U6 snRNA maturation via uridylation. The TUTases TUT4 and/or TUT7 are the predominant mediators of all other cellular uridylation. Terminal uridylation promotes turnover for many polyadenylated mRNAs, replication-dependent histone mRNAs that lack polyA-tails, and aberrant structured noncoding RNAs. In addition, uridylation regulates biogenesis of a subset of microRNAs and generates isomiRs, sequent variant microRNAs that have altered function in specific cases. For example, the RNA binding protein and proto-oncogene LIN28A and TUT4 work together to polyuridylate pre-let-7, thereby blocking biogenesis and function of the tumor suppressor let-7 microRNA family. In contrast, monouridylation of Group II pre-miRNAs creates an optimal 3' overhang that promotes recognition and subsequent cleavage by the Dicer-TRBP complex that then yields the mature microRNA. Also, uridylation may play a role in non-canonical microRNA biogenesis. The overall significance of 3' RNA uridylation is discussed with an emphasis on mammalian development, gene regulation, and disease, including cancer and Perlman syndrome. We also introduce recent changes to the HUGO-approved gene names for multiple terminal nucleotidyl transferases that affects in part TUTase nomenclature (TUT1/TENT1, TENT2/PAPD4/GLD2, TUT4/ZCCHC11/TENT3A, TUT7/ZCCHC6/TENT3B, TENT4A/PAPD7, TENT4B/PAPD5, TENT5A/FAM46A, TENT5B/FAM46B, TENT5C/FAM46C, TENT5D/FAM46D, MTPAP/TENT6/PAPD1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam R Menezes
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Julien Balzeau
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - John P Hagan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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Kalish JM, Doros L, Helman LJ, Hennekam RC, Kuiper RP, Maas SM, Maher ER, Nichols KE, Plon SE, Porter CC, Rednam S, Schultz KAP, States LJ, Tomlinson GE, Zelley K, Druley TE. Surveillance Recommendations for Children with Overgrowth Syndromes and Predisposition to Wilms Tumors and Hepatoblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 23:e115-e122. [PMID: 28674120 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A number of genetic syndromes have been linked to increased risk for Wilms tumor (WT), hepatoblastoma (HB), and other embryonal tumors. Here, we outline these rare syndromes with at least a 1% risk to develop these tumors and recommend uniform tumor screening recommendations for North America. Specifically, for syndromes with increased risk for WT, we recommend renal ultrasounds every 3 months from birth (or the time of diagnosis) through the seventh birthday. For HB, we recommend screening with full abdominal ultrasound and alpha-fetoprotein serum measurements every 3 months from birth (or the time of diagnosis) through the fourth birthday. We recommend that when possible, these patients be evaluated and monitored by cancer predisposition specialists. At this time, these recommendations are not based on the differential risk between different genetic or epigenetic causes for each syndrome, which some European centers have implemented. This differentiated approach largely represents distinct practice environments between the United States and Europe, and these guidelines are designed to be a broad framework within which physicians and families can work together to implement specific screening. Further study is expected to lead to modifications of these recommendations. Clin Cancer Res; 23(13); e115-e22. ©2017 AACRSee all articles in the online-only CCR Pediatric Oncology Series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Kalish
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Department of Pediatrics at the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Leslie Doros
- Cancer Genetics Clinic, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Lee J Helman
- Center for Cancer Research and Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Raoul C Hennekam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roland P Kuiper
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia M Maas
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kim E Nichols
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Sharon E Plon
- Department of Pediatrics/Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Surya Rednam
- Department of Pediatrics/Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Kris Ann P Schultz
- Division of Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Lisa J States
- Division of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gail E Tomlinson
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Kristin Zelley
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Todd E Druley
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
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Soma N, Higashimoto K, Imamura M, Saitoh A, Soejima H, Nagasaki K. Long term survival of a patient with Perlman syndrome due to novel compound heterozygous missense mutations in RNB domain of DIS3L2. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:1077-1081. [PMID: 28328139 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Perlman syndrome is a rare overgrowth syndrome characterized by polyhydramnios, macrosomia, distinctive facial appearance, renal dysplasia, and a predisposition to Wilms' tumor. The syndrome is often associated with a high neonatal mortality rate and there are few reports of long-term survivors. We studied a 6-year-old Japanese female patient, who was diagnosed with Perlman syndrome, with novel compound heterozygous mutations in DIS3L2 (c.[367-2A > G];[1328T > A]), who has survived long term. Most reported DIS3L2 mutations have been the homozygous deletion of exon 6 or exon 9, and these mutations would certainly have caused the loss of both RNA binding and degradation activity. We have identified new compound heterozygous mutations in the DIS3L2 of this long-term survivor of Perlman syndrome. The reason our patient has survived long-term would be a missense mutation (c.1328 T > A, p.Met443Lys) having retained RNA binding in both the cold-shock domains and the S1 domain, and through partial RNA degradation. If partial exonuclease functions remain in at least one allele, long-term survival may be possible. Further studies of Perlman syndrome patients with proven DIS3L2 mutations are needed to clarify genotype-phenotype correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Soma
- Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ken Higashimoto
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Masaru Imamura
- Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akihiko Saitoh
- Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hidenobu Soejima
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nagasaki
- Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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10
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Edmondson AC, Kalish JM. Overgrowth Syndromes. J Pediatr Genet 2015; 4:136-43. [PMID: 27617124 PMCID: PMC4918719 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1564440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Numerous multiple malformation syndromes associated with pathologic overgrowth have been described and, for many, their molecular bases elucidated. This review describes the characteristic features of these overgrowth syndromes, as well as the current understanding of their molecular bases, intellectual outcomes, and cancer predispositions. We review syndromes such as Sotos, Malan, Marshall-Smith, Weaver, Simpson-Golabi-Behmel, Perlman, Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba, PI3K-related, Proteus, Beckwith-Wiedemann, fibrous dysplasia, Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber, and Maffucci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Edmondson
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Kalish
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
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11
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Opitz JM. An inner god: BEN E. KATZ (1921-2015) as geneticist. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:2516-9. [PMID: 26177732 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John M Opitz
- Pediatrics (Medical Genetics), Pediatric Pathology, Human Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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12
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Pietzner V, Weigel JFW, Wand D, Merkenschlager A, Bernhard MK. Low-level hyperinsulinism with hypoglycemic spells in an infant with mosaic Turner syndrome and mild Kabuki-like phenotype: a case report and review of the literature. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2014; 27:165-70. [PMID: 23950569 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2013-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes are well-known features in patients with Turner syndrome. To the best of our knowledge, there is only one reported case of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia associated with a complex mosaic Turner syndrome available in the current literature. PATIENT We report on the case of a 13-month-old girl with a complex mosaic Turner genotype and mild hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia responsive to diazoxide therapy. RESULTS Cytogenetic analyses showed two or possibly three cell lines. Sixty percent of the cell lines had a 45,X genotype and the rest had 46,XX with a marker ring chromosome. Diagnosis of a mosaic Turner syndrome and mild Kabuki-like phenotype was confirmed. CONCLUSIONS Despite the rareness of this case, clinicians should be aware of the possibility of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in patients with Turner syndrome to prevent further brain damage caused by hypoglycemic episodes and seizures. Although the mechanism leading to hyperinsulinism in this condition is still unknown, the present report discusses this rare presentation and gives an overview on the current literature regarding this case.
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Morris MR, Astuti D, Maher ER. Perlman syndrome: overgrowth, Wilms tumor predisposition and DIS3L2. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2013; 163C:106-13. [PMID: 23613427 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Perlman syndrome is a rare autosomal recessively inherited congenital overgrowth syndrome characterized by polyhydramnios, macrosomia, characteristic facial dysmorphology, renal dysplasia and nephroblastomatosis and multiple congenital anomalies. Perlman syndrome is associated with high neonatal mortality and, survivors have developmental delay and a high risk of Wilms tumor. Recently a Perlman syndrome locus was mapped to chromosome 2q37 and homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations were characterized in DIS3L2. The DIS3L2 gene product has ribonuclease activity and homology to the DIS3 component of the RNA exosome. It has been postulated that the clinical features of Perlman syndrome result from disordered RNA metabolism and, though the precise targets of DIS3L2 have yet to be characterized, in cellular models DIS3L2 knockdown is associated with abnormalities of cell growth and division.
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14
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Astuti D, Morris MR, Cooper WN, Staals RHJ, Wake NC, Fews GA, Gill H, Gentle D, Shuib S, Ricketts CJ, Cole T, van Essen AJ, van Lingen RA, Neri G, Opitz JM, Rump P, Stolte-Dijkstra I, Müller F, Pruijn GJM, Latif F, Maher ER. Germline mutations in DIS3L2 cause the Perlman syndrome of overgrowth and Wilms tumor susceptibility. Nat Genet 2012; 44:277-84. [PMID: 22306653 DOI: 10.1038/ng.1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Perlman syndrome is a congenital overgrowth syndrome inherited in an autosomal recessive manner that is associated with Wilms tumor susceptibility. We mapped a previously unknown susceptibility locus to 2q37.1 and identified germline mutations in DIS3L2, a homolog of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe dis3 gene, in individuals with Perlman syndrome. Yeast dis3 mutant strains have mitotic abnormalities. Yeast Dis3 and its human homologs, DIS3 and DIS3L1, have exoribonuclease activity and bind to the core RNA exosome complex. DIS3L2 has a different intracellular localization and lacks the PIN domain found in DIS3 and DIS3L1; nevertheless, we show that DIS3L2 has exonuclease activity. DIS3L2 inactivation was associated with mitotic abnormalities and altered expression of mitotic checkpoint proteins. DIS3L2 overexpression suppressed the growth of human cancer cell lines, and knockdown enhanced the growth of these cells. We also detected evidence of DIS3L2 mutations in sporadic Wilms tumor. These observations suggest that DIS3L2 has a critical role in RNA metabolism and is essential for the regulation of cell growth and division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewi Astuti
- Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
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15
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Alessandri JL, Cuillier F, Ramful D, Ernould S, Robin S, de Napoli-Cocci S, Rivière JP, Rossignol S. Perlman syndrome: report, prenatal findings and review. Am J Med Genet A 2008; 146A:2532-7. [PMID: 18780370 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Perlman syndrome is a rare overgrowth syndrome characterized by polyhydramnios with neonatal macrosomia, nephromegaly, distinctive facial appearance, renal dysplasia, nephro-blastomatosis, and predisposition to Wilms tumor (WT). We report on a newborn with prenatal sonographic signs of Perlman syndrome, large fetal ascites, nephromegaly and macrosomia. The clinical course was marked by neonatal distress, renal failure and refractory hypoxemia leading to death at 2 days of life. Renal histologic examination showed bilateral nephroblastomatosis. Genetic or epigenetic alterations of the 11p15 region (involved in the BWS), including mutation of the CDKN1C gene were excluded. No mutation of the GPC3 gene was identified. We review the 28 patients who have been reported with Perlman syndrome. The prognosis of Perlman syndrome is poor with a high neonatal mortality rate. Among the infants who survived beyond the neonatal period, 64% developed a WT and all had a developmental delay. Fetal macrosomia, ascites and polyhydramnios are frequent manifestations. Clinical overlaps with other overgrowth syndromes particularly Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome have been emphasized. Perlman syndrome is considered as an autosomal recessive condition. We review 19 patients from seven sibships with parental consanguinity in two families only. The other cases were sporadic. The 28 reported patients had only 10 unaffected sibs. The low percentage of consanguinity among parents is also puzzling for a rare recessive condition. The molecular basis of Perlman syndrome is unknown. (Epi)genetic anomalies of 11p15 and mutations in GPC3 were not studied in most of the previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Alessandri
- Centre de Diagnostic Prénatal, Service de Réanimation Néonatale et Pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier Régional Félix Guyon, Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France.
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16
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Abstract
The author gives a personal account on how he was introduced to the field of clinical genetics as a student of John Opitz in Helena, MT. That process was facilitated by the study of several malformation syndromes. Particularly instructive were the approaches to the cardio-facio-cutaneous, the Perlman, and the FG syndrome. These three conditions are briefly revisited with a critical perspective, made possible by the elapse of 20 years, since the time when the author became acquainted with them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Neri
- Istituto di Genetica Medica, Facoltà di Medicina A. Gemelli, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Roma, Italy.
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17
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Scott RH, Stiller CA, Walker L, Rahman N. Syndromes and constitutional chromosomal abnormalities associated with Wilms tumour. J Med Genet 2006; 43:705-15. [PMID: 16690728 PMCID: PMC2564568 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2006.041723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2006] [Revised: 04/07/2006] [Accepted: 04/10/2006] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Wilms tumour has been reported in association with over 50 different clinical conditions and several abnormal constitutional karyotypes. Conclusive evidence of an increased risk of Wilms tumour exists for only a minority of these conditions, including WT1 associated syndromes, familial Wilms tumour, and certain overgrowth conditions such as Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. In many reported conditions the rare co-occurrence of Wilms tumour is probably due to chance. However, for several conditions the available evidence cannot either confirm or exclude an increased risk, usually because of the rarity of the syndrome. In addition, emerging evidence suggests that an increased risk of Wilms tumour occurs only in a subset of individuals for some syndromes. The complex clinical and molecular heterogeneity of disorders associated with Wilms tumour, together with the apparent absence of functional links between most of the known predisposition genes, suggests that abrogation of a variety of pathways can promote Wilms tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Scott
- Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
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18
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Lapunzina P. Risk of tumorigenesis in overgrowth syndromes: a comprehensive review. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2005; 137C:53-71. [PMID: 16010678 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.30064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Overgrowth syndromes (OGS) comprise a heterogeneous group of disorders in which the main characteristic is that either weight, height, or head circumference is 2-3 standard deviations (SD) above the mean for sex and age. A striking feature of OGS is the risk of neoplasms. Here, the relative frequency of specific tumors in each OGS, topographic location, and age of appearance is determined by reviewing published cases. In some OGS (Perlman, Beckwith-Wiedemann, and Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndromes and hemihyperplasia) more than 94% of tumors appeared in the abdomen usually before 10 years of age, mainly embryonal in type. In Perlman syndrome, only Wilms tumor has been recorded, whereas in Sotos syndrome, lympho-hematologic tumors are most frequent. Based on literature review, a specific schedule protocol for tumor screening is suggested for each OGS. A schedule with different intervals and specific tests is proposed for a more rational cost/benefit program for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Lapunzina
- Department of Genetics, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Autónoma University of Madrid, Spain
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19
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Piccione M, Cecconi M, Giuffrè M, Lo Curto M, Malacarne M, Piro E, Riccio A, Corsello G. Perlman syndrome: Clinical report and nine-year follow-up. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 139A:131-5. [PMID: 16278893 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We present the clinical and follow-up data of a female infant with Perlman syndrome from birth to the age of 9 years. Main features of Perlman syndrome include polyhydramnios, fetal overgrowth, neonatal macrosomia, macrocephaly, dysmorphic facial features, visceromegaly, nephroblastomatosis, and a predisposition for Wilm's tumor. In our patient, the nephromegaly with nephroblastomatosis was not present at birth or during the neonatal period; it became evident in the first months of postnatal life. A Wilm's tumor was diagnosed when she was about 1 year old. Long term follow-up documents the natural history of Perlman syndrome and allows us to establish the long-term prognosis of the affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Piccione
- U.O. Pediatria e Terapia Intensiva Neonatale, Dipartimento Materno Infantile, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italy
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20
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DeRoche ME, Craffey A, Greenstein R, Borgida AF. Antenatal sonographic features of Perlman syndrome. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2004; 23:561-564. [PMID: 15098877 DOI: 10.7863/jum.2004.23.4.561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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21
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Cohen MM. Mental deficiency, alterations in performance, and CNS abnormalities in overgrowth syndromes. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2003; 117C:49-56. [PMID: 12561058 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.10013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mental deficiency, alterations in performance, and central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities are discussed in the following overgrowth syndromes: Sotos syndrome, Weaver syndrome, Proteus syndrome, neurofibromatosis type 1, fragile X syndrome, syndromes with neonatal hypoglycemia, Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome, hemihyperplasia, Sturge-Weber syndrome, Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba/Cowden syndrome, macrocephaly-autism syndrome, PEHO syndrome, chromosomal syndromes, and other miscellaneous syndromes.
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22
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Li M, Shuman C, Fei YL, Cutiongco E, Bender HA, Stevens C, Wilkins-Haug L, Day-Salvatore D, Yong SL, Geraghty MT, Squire J, Weksberg R. GPC3 mutation analysis in a spectrum of patients with overgrowth expands the phenotype of Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2001; 102:161-8. [PMID: 11477610 DOI: 10.1002/1096-8628(20010801)102:2<161::aid-ajmg1453>3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) is an X-linked overgrowth syndrome caused by deletions in glypican 3 (GPC3). SGBS is characterized by pre- and postnatal overgrowth, a characteristic facial appearance, and a spectrum of congenital malformations which overlaps that of other overgrowth syndromes. We performed GPC3 deletion screening on 80 male patients with somatic overgrowth in the following categories: SGBS (n = 19), possible SGBS (n = 26), including families in which individuals had previously been diagnosed with other overgrowth syndromes, and Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome (WBS) (n = 35). Using exon-specific PCR and Southern blot analysis, we identified seven GPC3 deletions. In most cases a clear X-linked family history was not present. In two cases, GPC3 deletions were identified in patients belonging to pedigrees published previously as other overgrowth syndromes: one with a diagnosis of Sotos syndrome and the other Perlman syndrome with nephroblastomatosis. A third patient developed hepatoblastoma, a tumor type not previously described in SGBS. No GPC3 deletions were identified among the WBS patients. Direct sequencing of all GPC3 exons in the remaining 13 SGBS patients without GPC3 deletions did not identify any further mutations, raising the possibility of alternative silencing mechanisms and/or other genes in the pathogenesis of SGBS. Our results validate the clinical specificity of the facial appearance, skeletal/hand anomalies, and supernumerary nipples in patients with GPC3 deletions. Our data also suggest that nephroblastomatosis and hepatoblastoma are included in the phenotypic spectrum of GPC3 deletions and SGBS, underscoring the importance of tumor surveillance in these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Li
- Hospital for Sick Children and Division of Clinical & Metabolic Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Lev D, Watemberg N, Aviram A, Fishoff J, Antman E, Lerman-Sagie T. Febrile convulsions, ataxia, developmental delay, and obesity: a new syndrome? J Child Neurol 2001; 16:174-6. [PMID: 11305685 DOI: 10.1177/088307380101600304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We describe the association of recurrent complicated febrile convulsions, developmental delay, ataxia, and obesity in three unrelated girls. The three girls, aged 3 to 4 years, were all born to healthy, nonconsanguineous parents and have normal siblings. Their birth weight was appropriate for gestational age. They are not dysmorphic and have normal head circumference. Development is delayed; they all walked with an ataxic gait after the age of 2 years and started speaking at 3 years. Their growth charts are remarkably alike: they initially had a normal growth curve and around 24 months of age started to gain weight excessively. They all continue to suffer from complicated febrile seizures, which started before 12 months of age, and are resistant to prophylactic anticonvulsants. Metabolic evaluation is normal. They have normal magnetic resonance images and electroencephalograms. Fragile X and Prader-Willi syndromes were ruled out. We suggest that this is a new mental retardation syndrome that should be considered in children with recurrent febrile convulsions, developmental delay, and obesity. In a recent study, mutations in the beta4 calcium channel were identified in the mutant epileptic mouse that presents with epilepsy, mental retardation, and ataxia. We hypothesize that a calcium channel gene may be involved in this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lev
- Institute of Medical Genetics, and Metabolc Neurogenetic Clinic, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
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24
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Schilke K, Schaefer F, Waldherr R, Rohrschneider W, John C, Himbert U, Mayatepek E, Tariverdian G. A case of Perlman syndrome: fetal gigantism, renal dysplasia, and severe neurological deficits. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2000; 91:29-33. [PMID: 10751085 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(20000306)91:1<29::aid-ajmg5>3.0.co;2-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We report on a neonate presenting with polyhydramnios; macrosomia; macrocephaly; visceromegaly including bilateral nephromegaly, hepatomegaly, cardiomegaly; thymus hyperplasia; cryptorchidism; generalized muscle hypotonia; and a distinctive facial appearance. The clinical course was marked by severe neurodevelopmental deficits combined with progressive respiratory decompensation leading to death at the age 6 months. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) disclosed a generalized cerebral atrophy with a marked deficit of the white matter. Renal ultrasound and MRI showed markedly enlarged kidneys with multiple small cystic lesions, a pattern indistinguishable from polycystic kidney disease. The postmortem kidney biopsy revealed dysplastic changes, microcysts, and a focal nephrogenic rest, characteristic features of the Perlman syndrome. In children with fetal gigantism, renal abnormalities, and neurological deficits, Perlman syndrome should be considered and may be confirmed by kidney biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Schilke
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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25
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Abstract
A 4-year-old black boy with trisomy 13, a history of frequent urinary tract infections, and a horseshoe kidney with painless gross hematuria was examined. An abdominal mass was detected and surgically resected. Examination of the surgical specimen revealed a Wilms tumor. Given the concurrence of trisomy 13 and Wilms tumor and the presence of another such case in the literature, there may be just cause to suspect a locus on chromosome 13 that affects the probability of developing Wilms tumor. Given the increasingly longer survival of patients with trisomy 13, clinicians may need to be aware of the possibility of renal malignant disease in this population of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sweeney
- Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, USA
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26
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Henneveld HT, van Lingen RA, Hamel BC, Stolte-Dijkstra I, van Essen AJ. Perlman syndrome: Four additional cases and review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19991029)86:5<439::aid-ajmg9>3.0.co;2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- G Neri
- Istituto di Genetica Medica Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia A. Gemelli Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Roma, Italy.
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28
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Abstract
Perlman syndrome is a rare overgrowth syndrome, thought to be inherited in the autosomal recessive fashion. We describe the sonographic features in two cases, and review the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Chitty
- Division of Medical & Molecular Genetics UMDS, Guy's Hospital, London, U.K
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29
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Neri G, Gurrieri F, Zanni G, Lin A. Clinical and molecular aspects of the Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1998; 79:279-83. [PMID: 9781908 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19981002)79:4<279::aid-ajmg9>3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) is an overgrowth/multiple congenital anomalies/dysplasia syndrome caused by a mutant X-linked gene. The spectrum of its clinical manifestations is broad, varying from very mild forms in carrier females to infantile lethal forms in affected males. A typically affected male will show tall stature, "coarse" face, supernumerary nipples, congenital heart defect, and generalized muscular hypotonia. Mental development is normal in most cases. There is an increased risk of neoplasia in infancy, especially Wilms tumor. The SGBS gene spans 500 kilobases in the Xq26 region and contains eight exons. It encodes an extracellular proteoglycan, designated glypican 3 (GPC3), capable of interacting with the insulin-like growth factor IGF2. At present, only deletions of various sizes have been found in a number of affected families.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Neri
- Istituto di Genetica Medica, Facoltà de Medicina A. Gemelli, Università Cattolica, Roma, Italy.
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30
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- P Grundy
- Molecular Oncology Program, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton Alberta, Canada
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32
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Abstract
We present the case of a male infant, born prematurely (at 33 weeks gestation) with macrosomia, disproportionate macrocephaly, facial dysmorphism, short penis and a small umbilical defect. He had a large ASD and was ventilated from birth for respiratory distress syndrome. He died at 12 hours of age despite neonatal ITU care. Post-mortem examination showed highly lobulated kidneys with nodules of blastema and foci of hamartomatous change in the medulla. Prominence of pancreatic islet cells and expansion of hepatic portal tracts were also noted. His mother has minor cervical spine abnormalities. We discuss the differential diagnosis and the difficulty in confidently assigning a diagnosis to this patient, as considerable overlap is becoming evident between Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome and Perlman syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Coppin
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, The Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
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33
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DeBaun MR, Brown M, Kessler L. Screening for Wilms' tumor in children with high-risk congenital syndromes: considerations for an intervention trial. MEDICAL AND PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY 1996; 27:415-21. [PMID: 8827068 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-911x(199611)27:5<415::aid-mpo5>3.0.co;2-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Screening for cancer in children is uncommon. However, in children with congenital syndromes associated with Wilms' tumor, conditions exist that potentially make screening effective. This select population of children 1) are relatively easily identified; 2) have a high incidence of Wilms' tumor; 3) if identified before development of Wilms' tumor, may have a decrement in morbidity/mortality; and 4) are amenable to a simple and acceptable screening technology, renal sonography exams. Many clinicians have recommended screening for cancer in children with congenital syndromes associated with Wilms' tumor. However, neither costs nor effectiveness of such recommendations have been evaluated systematically. The strongest evidence for or against Wilms' tumor screening in this select population would be provided by a randomized screening trial. Prior to undertaking such a trial, the key parameters that dominate the cost and effectiveness of screening should be identified. Simulation models, such as cost effectiveness analysis, offer a starting point for deciding whether cancer screening is appropriate, and if so, under what set of conditions. We review basic conditions required for a successful screening trial in children with syndromes that are at increased risk of Wilms' tumor. We also discuss the use of cost-effectiveness analysis as a preliminary step in determining the feasibility of an intervention trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R DeBaun
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20892-7372, USA
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34
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Rahman N, Arbour L, Tonin P, Renshaw J, Pelletier J, Baruchel S, Pritchard-Jones K, Stratton MR, Narod SA. Evidence for a familial Wilms' tumour gene (FWT1) on chromosome 17q12-q21. Nat Genet 1996; 13:461-3. [PMID: 8696342 DOI: 10.1038/ng0896-461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Wilms' tumour (WT) is one of the most common solid tumours of childhood, occurring in 1 in 10,000 children and accounting for 8% of childhood cancers. It is believed to result from malignant transformation of abnormally persistent renal stem cells (nephrogenic rests) which retain embryonic differentiation potential. Although WT is usually sporadic, approximately one percent occur in families in which susceptibility appears to be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with incomplete penetrance. Predisposition to other cancers or to the developmental abnormalities associated with sporadic WT is not usually apparent in WT families. The WT1 gene at 11p13 (ref.2), and additional genes on chromosomes 11p15 (ref. 3) and 16q (ref. 4) have been implicated in the development of WT but are not responsible for familial WT. We have carried out a genome linkage search in a large Canadian family with seven confirmed cases of WT. Our results provide strong evidence for the localisation of a familial WT predisposition gene, FWT1, to an 18-centimorgan (cM) interval on chromosome 17q12-q21.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rahman
- Sections of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Fernbach
- Radiology Department, Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
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36
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Eggers S, Passos-Bueno MR, Zatz M. Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy: aspects of genetic counselling, acceptance of preclinical diagnosis, and fitness. J Med Genet 1993; 30:589-92. [PMID: 8411033 PMCID: PMC1016460 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.30.7.589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A questionnaire about the interest in and demand for preclinical diagnosis for facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSH) was sent to 46 patients. Most stated that they would have liked to have known their diagnosis earlier in order to seek more efficient help, to avoid strenuous activities, to prepare themselves emotionally, or to choose an appropriate profession. Similar arguments were used to explain their interest in preclinical diagnosis for their children. Most patients also favoured prenatal diagnosis although only two stated they would abort a pregnancy in the case of an affected fetus. Genetic counselling had apparently little influence on family planning. According to this study, FSH does not seem to reduce reproductive performance in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Eggers
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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37
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Grundy RG, Pritchard J, Baraitser M, Risdon A, Robards M. Perlman and Wiedemann-Beckwith syndromes: two distinct conditions associated with Wilms' tumour. Eur J Pediatr 1992; 151:895-8. [PMID: 1361910 DOI: 10.1007/bf01954125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Though children with Perlman and Wiedemann-Beckwith syndromes have a number of features in common, the two conditions are probably separate entities. The distinction may not always be easy, however, partly because of the extreme rarity of Perlman syndrome, only nine cases of which have been reported so far. We report two siblings, initially diagnosed as having Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome, in whom the correct diagnosis of Perlman syndrome was made only after an autopsy on the second child. By comparing and contrasting the features of Perlman and Wiedemann-Beckwith syndromes in this report we hope to make it easier to distinguish the two conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Grundy
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Hospitals for Sick Children, London, United Kingdom
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38
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Abstract
Renal enlargement presenting as an abdominal mass(es) is attended by a lengthly differential diagnosis of non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions with a range in serious connotations and consequences. Simple compensatory hypertrophy and unilateral multicystic dysplasia are relatively innocuous and easily recognized with appropriate imaging studies; they are also related in the sense that the normal contralateral kidney hypertrophies in the absence of a non-functioning dysplastic kidney. Bilateral nephromegaly in a neonate is generally a sign of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease or multicystic dysplasia secondary to distal obstructive uropathy. Primary neoplasms of kidney in the pediatric population in the past were traditionally classified as Wilms' tumors, but that erroneous practice has been eliminated with the recognition of several distinctive neoplasms in addition to classic Wilms' tumor. Separating a typical Wilms' tumor from mesoblastic nephroma, clear cell sarcoma of the kidney and the malignant rhabdoid tumor, for treatment and prognostic purposes, has become the accepted norm in the past 12-13 years. Another important advance at the cellular level is the recognition of a deletion in the short arm of chromosome 11 in the cultured cells of Wilms' tumor and in the germ cell line in certain clinical settings of Wilms' tumors. A dramatic expansion in the understanding and management of childhood renal neoplasms has occurred through the multimodality approach of laboratory investigation and applied clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Kissane
- Department of Pathology, Washington University Medical Center, Barnes Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110
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39
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Cole TR, Hughes HE, Jeffreys MJ, Williams GT, Arnold MM. Small cell lung carcinoma in a patient with Sotos syndrome: are genes at 3p21 involved in both conditions? J Med Genet 1992; 29:338-41. [PMID: 1316442 PMCID: PMC1015955 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.29.5.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A 22 year old female with Sotos syndrome and a small cell lung carcinoma is described. This case is of interest not only because of the somatic growth pattern, atypical of Sotos syndrome, but also because of the association with a rare tumour. Of significance is the possible role of mutations at 3p21 in the aetiology of Sotos syndrome and tumour development.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Cole
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff
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40
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Drut R, Drut RM, Toulouse JC. Hepatic hemangioendotheliomas, placental chorioangiomas, and dysmorphic kidneys in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. PEDIATRIC PATHOLOGY 1992; 12:197-203. [PMID: 1570237 DOI: 10.3109/15513819209023296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A 4-month-old female, birth weight 3150 g, had a history of maternal eclampsia, multiple placental chorioangiomas, and persistent neonatal hypoglycemia. Macroglossia and enlarged kidneys were recorded. Autopsy revealed multiple hepatic hemangioendotheliomas (type 1), massive cardiomegaly, and bilateral nephromegaly. Both kidneys were lobulated with active glomerulogenesis and clusters of immature tubules and foci of dysplastic medullary ducts. The features suggest that the nephrogenesis was secondary to the persistence of actively branching nephron-inducing ducts. Nodular hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex (adrenoblastomatosis) was present. This report expands the list of tumors to be found in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Drut
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de Niños, La Plata, Argentina
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41
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Cohen MM. A comprehensive and critical assessment of overgrowth and overgrowth syndromes. ADVANCES IN HUMAN GENETICS 1989; 18:181-303, 373-6. [PMID: 2658495 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-0785-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M M Cohen
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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42
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Greenberg F, Copeland K, Gresik MV. Expanding the spectrum of the Perlman syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1988; 29:773-6. [PMID: 2840828 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320290406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We report on an infant with manifestations of Perlman syndrome including polyhydramnios, macrosomia, bilateral nephromegaly with nephroblastomatosis, visceromegaly and cryptorchidism. Other findings in this infant not seen in previous patients were diaphragmatic hernia, interrupted aortic arch, hypospadias and polysplenia. This infant meets the diagnostic criteria for Perlman syndrome, suggesting that diaphragmatic hernia and cardiac defects may be additional findings in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Greenberg
- Institute for Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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43
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Perlman M. Perlman syndrome: familial renal dysplasia with Wilms tumor, fetal gigantism, and multiple congenital anomalies. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1986; 25:793-5. [PMID: 3024486 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320250418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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44
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Greenberg F, Stein F, Gresik MV, Finegold MJ, Carpenter RJ, Riccardi VM, Beaudet AL. The Perlman familial nephroblastomatosis syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1986; 24:101-10. [PMID: 3010722 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320240112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In 1973, Perlman et al described a familial syndrome of bilateral renal hamartomas with or without nephroblastomatosis, macrosomia, islet cell hypertrophy, unusual facies, and early lethality. Two additional sibs were recently reported by Neri et al [1984]. We report on two sibs with polyhydramnios, fetal ascites, and abdominal muscular hypoplasia, visceromegaly, and subsequent development of Wilms tumor in one of them. Delineated features of this syndrome include visceromegaly, macrosomia, renal hamartomas, nephroblastomatosis, cryptorchidism in males, unusual facial appearance, polyhydramnios, fetal ascites, and Wilms tumor but do not include hemihypertrophy, omphalocele or umbilical abnormalities, aniridia, or other conditions known to be associated with Wilms tumor. This condition should be considered primarily in the differential diagnosis of fetal ascites without hydrops and possibly in the differential diagnosis of familial Wilms tumor, polyhydramnios, congenital hepatomegaly, or nephromegaly.
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