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Cerebral, ocular, dental, auricular, skeletal anomalies (CODAS) syndrome: First case reported in Saudi Arabia. Radiol Case Rep 2023; 18:1000-1004. [PMID: 36684615 PMCID: PMC9849938 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2022.11.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CODAS syndrome (cerebral, ocular, dental, auricular, skeletal anomalies) is a rare autosomal recessive inherited multisystemic disease that carries an incidence rate of less than 1 in 1,000,000 children worldwide. It has an infancy, neonatal age of onset, characterized by deformities of the central nervous system, eyes, ears, teeth, and skeleton. A 1-year-old female of non-consanguineous parents, first time presented to our pediatrics clinic on November 6, 2021 when she was 4 months of age with developmental delay, as the patient could not support her head and made no eye contact on examination. Microcephaly was observed. She had a positive family history; her sister died at the age of 3 days with microcephaly and diaphragmatic hernia. We recommend that a wider range of centers to get encouraged to report cases of CODAS they might encounter due to the lack of sufficient amounts if solid literature on the topic. To our knowledge, this is the first case to be reported in the literature from Saudi Arabia.
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Tang Y, Liu YX, Sheng Y, Fan LL, Zhang AQ, Zheng ZF. The first case report of CODAS syndrome in Chinese population caused by two LONP1 pathogenic mutations. Front Genet 2023; 13:1031856. [PMID: 36685982 PMCID: PMC9845248 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1031856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: CODAS syndrome (MIM 600373) is a multi-system developmental disorder characterized by cerebral, ocular, dental, auricular, and skeletal anomalies. CODAS syndrome is rare in the world and no cases have been reported in Chinese population so far. Mutations in the LONP1 gene can contribute to CODAS syndrome, while the underlying molecular mechanisms requires further investigation. Method: We described a Chinese boy who has suffered from cognition impairment, cataracts, caries, abnormal auricle and skeletal anomalies since birth. The patient's parents are non-consanguineous and healthy. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was employed to explore the genetic entity of this family. Results: A compound heterozygous missense mutation (NM_004793: c.2009C>T/p.A670V and c.2014C>T/p.R672C) of LONP1 was identified in the patient. Considering the clinical phenotypes and genetic results, the patient was diagnosed as CODAS syndrome. Conclusion: Here we reported the first case with CODAS syndrome in Chinese population. WES identified a compound heterozygous missense mutation of LONP1 gene in the patients. Our study not only provided data for genetic counseling and clinical diagnosis to this family, but also expanded the clinical spectrum of LONP1-related CODAS syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Afliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Clinical Medicine Research Center of Heart Failure of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Xing Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yue Sheng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liang-Liang Fan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ai-Qian Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Ai-Qian Zhang, ; Zhao-Fen Zheng,
| | - Zhao-Fen Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Afliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Clinical Medicine Research Center of Heart Failure of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Ai-Qian Zhang, ; Zhao-Fen Zheng,
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3
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Roles of LonP1 in Oral-Maxillofacial Developmental Defects and Tumors: A Novel Insight. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113370. [PMID: 36362158 PMCID: PMC9657610 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated a central role for LonP1 in mitochondrial function. Its physiological functions include proteolysis, acting as a molecular chaperone, binding mitochondrial DNA, and being involved in cellular respiration, cellular metabolism, and oxidative stress. Given its vital role in energy metabolism, LonP1 has been suggested to be associated with multi-system neoplasms and developmental disorders. In this study, we investigated the roles, possible mechanisms of action, and therapeutic roles of LonP1 in oral and maxillofacial tumor development. LonP1 was highly expressed in oral-maxillofacial cancers and regulated their development through a sig-naling network. LonP1 may therefore be a promising anticancer therapy target. Mutations in LONP1 have been found to be involved in the etiology of cerebral, ocular, dental, auricular, and skeletal syndrome (CODAS). Only patients carrying specific LONP1 mutations have certain dental abnormalities (delayed eruption and abnormal morphology). LonP1 is therefore a novel factor in the development of oral and maxillofacial tumors. Greater research should therefore be conducted on the diagnosis and therapy of LonP1-related diseases to further define LonP1-associated oral phenotypes and their underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Qiao L, Xu L, Yu L, Wynn J, Hernan R, Zhou X, Farkouh-Karoleski C, Krishnan US, Khlevner J, De A, Zygmunt A, Crombleholme T, Lim FY, Needelman H, Cusick RA, Mychaliska GB, Warner BW, Wagner AJ, Danko ME, Chung D, Potoka D, Kosiński P, McCulley DJ, Elfiky M, Azarow K, Fialkowski E, Schindel D, Soffer SZ, Lyon JB, Zalieckas JM, Vardarajan BN, Aspelund G, Duron VP, High FA, Sun X, Donahoe PK, Shen Y, Chung WK. Rare and de novo variants in 827 congenital diaphragmatic hernia probands implicate LONP1 as candidate risk gene. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:1964-1980. [PMID: 34547244 PMCID: PMC8546037 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a severe congenital anomaly that is often accompanied by other anomalies. Although the role of genetics in the pathogenesis of CDH has been established, only a small number of disease-associated genes have been identified. To further investigate the genetics of CDH, we analyzed de novo coding variants in 827 proband-parent trios and confirmed an overall significant enrichment of damaging de novo variants, especially in constrained genes. We identified LONP1 (lon peptidase 1, mitochondrial) and ALYREF (Aly/REF export factor) as candidate CDH-associated genes on the basis of de novo variants at a false discovery rate below 0.05. We also performed ultra-rare variant association analyses in 748 affected individuals and 11,220 ancestry-matched population control individuals and identified LONP1 as a risk gene contributing to CDH through both de novo and ultra-rare inherited largely heterozygous variants clustered in the core of the domains and segregating with CDH in affected familial individuals. Approximately 3% of our CDH cohort who are heterozygous with ultra-rare predicted damaging variants in LONP1 have a range of clinical phenotypes, including other anomalies in some individuals and higher mortality and requirement for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Mice with lung epithelium-specific deletion of Lonp1 die immediately after birth, most likely because of the observed severe reduction of lung growth, a known contributor to the high mortality in humans. Our findings of both de novo and inherited rare variants in the same gene may have implications in the design and analysis for other genetic studies of congenital anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Le Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego Medical School, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lan Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Julia Wynn
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rebecca Hernan
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xueya Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Usha S Krishnan
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Julie Khlevner
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Aliva De
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Annette Zygmunt
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Foong-Yen Lim
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Howard Needelman
- University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68114, USA
| | - Robert A Cusick
- University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68114, USA
| | | | - Brad W Warner
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Amy J Wagner
- Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Melissa E Danko
- Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Dai Chung
- Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | | | - David J McCulley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 52726, USA
| | | | - Kenneth Azarow
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jane B Lyon
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Jill M Zalieckas
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Badri N Vardarajan
- Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain and the Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Gudrun Aspelund
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Vincent P Duron
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Frances A High
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego Medical School, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Patricia K Donahoe
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; JP Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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5
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Sha Z, Montano MM, Rochon K, Mears JA, Deredge D, Wintrode P, Szweda L, Mikita N, Lee I. A structure and function relationship study to identify the impact of the R721G mutation in the human mitochondrial lon protease. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 710:108983. [PMID: 34228963 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Lon is an ATP-dependent protease belonging to the "ATPase associated with diverse cellular activities" (AAA+) protein family. In humans, Lon is translated as a precursor and imported into the mitochondria matrix through deletion of the first 114 amino acid residues. In mice, embryonic knockout of lon is lethal. In humans, some dysfunctional lon mutations are tolerated but they cause a developmental disorder known as the CODAS syndrome. To gain a better understanding on the enzymology of human mitochondrial Lon, this study compares the structure-function relationship of the WT versus one of the CODAS mutants R721G to identify the mechanistic features in Lon catalysis that are affected. To this end, steady-state kinetics were used to quantify the difference in ATPase and ATP-dependent peptidase activities between WT and R721G. The Km values for the intrinsic as well as protein-stimulated ATPase were increased whereas the kcat value for ATP-dependent peptidase activity was decreased in the R721G mutant. The mutant protease also displayed substrate inhibition kinetics. In vitro studies revealed that R721G did not degrade the endogenous mitochondrial Lon substrate pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoform 4 (PDK4) effectively like WT hLon. Furthermore, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH) protected PDK4 from hLon degradation. Using hydrogen deuterium exchange/mass spectrometry and negative stain electron microscopy, structural perturbations associated with the R721G mutation were identified. To validate the in vitro findings under a physiologically relevant condition, the intrinsic stability as well as proteolytic activity of WT versus R721G mutant towards PDK 4 were compared in cell lysates prepared from immortalized B lymphocytes expressing the respective protease. The lifetime of PDK4 is longer in the mutant cells, but the lifetime of Lon protein is longer in the WT cells, which corroborate the in vitro structure-functional relationship findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Sha
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Monica M Montano
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Kristy Rochon
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jason A Mears
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Daniel Deredge
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Patrick Wintrode
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Luke Szweda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Natalie Mikita
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Department of Chemistry, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO, 64507, USA.
| | - Irene Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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6
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Skeletal Phenotypes Due to Abnormalities in Mitochondrial Protein Homeostasis and Import. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218327. [PMID: 33171986 PMCID: PMC7664180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial disease represents a collection of rare genetic disorders caused by mitochondrial dysfunction. These disorders can be quite complex and heterogeneous, and it is recognized that mitochondrial disease can affect any tissue at any age. The reasons for this variability are not well understood. In this review, we develop and expand a subset of mitochondrial diseases including predominantly skeletal phenotypes. Understanding how impairment ofdiverse mitochondrial functions leads to a skeletal phenotype will help diagnose and treat patients with mitochondrial disease and provide additional insight into the growing list of human pathologies associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. The underlying disease genes encode factors involved in various aspects of mitochondrial protein homeostasis, including proteases and chaperones, mitochondrial protein import machinery, mediators of inner mitochondrial membrane lipid homeostasis, and aminoacylation of mitochondrial tRNAs required for translation. We further discuss a complex of frequently associated phenotypes (short stature, cataracts, and cardiomyopathy) potentially explained by alterations to steroidogenesis, a process regulated by mitochondria. Together, these observations provide novel insight into the consequences of impaired mitochondrial protein homeostasis.
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De Gaetano A, Gibellini L, Bianchini E, Borella R, De Biasi S, Nasi M, Boraldi F, Cossarizza A, Pinti M. Impaired Mitochondrial Morphology and Functionality in Lonp1wt/- Mice. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061783. [PMID: 32521756 PMCID: PMC7355737 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
LONP1 is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protease crucial for organelle homeostasis; mutations of LONP1 have been associated with Cerebral, Ocular, Dental, Auricular, and Skeletal anomalies (CODAS) syndrome. To clarify the role of LONP1 in vivo, we generated a mouse model in which Lonp1 was ablated. The homozygous Lonp−/− mouse was not vital, while the heterozygous Lonp1wt/− showed similar growth rate, weight, length, life-span and histologic features as wild type. Conversely, ultrastructural analysis of heterozygous enterocytes evidenced profound morphological alterations of mitochondria, which appeared increased in number, swollen and larger, with a lower complexity. Embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from Lonp1wt/− mice showed a reduced expression of Lonp1 and Tfam, whose expression is regulated by LONP1. Mitochondrial DNA was also reduced, and mitochondria were swollen and larger, albeit at a lesser extent than enterocytes, with a perinuclear distribution. From the functional point of view, mitochondria from heterozygous MEF showed a lower oxygen consumption rate in basal conditions, either in the presence of glucose or galactose, and a reduced expression of mitochondrial complexes than wild type. In conclusion, the presence of one functional copy of the Lonp1 gene leads to impairment of mitochondrial ultrastructure and functions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna De Gaetano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.D.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Lara Gibellini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (L.G.); (R.B.); (S.D.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Elena Bianchini
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (E.B.); (M.N.)
| | - Rebecca Borella
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (L.G.); (R.B.); (S.D.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Sara De Biasi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (L.G.); (R.B.); (S.D.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Milena Nasi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (E.B.); (M.N.)
| | - Federica Boraldi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.D.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (L.G.); (R.B.); (S.D.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Marcello Pinti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.D.G.); (F.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-059-205-5386; Fax: +39-059-205-5426
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8
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Gibellini L, De Gaetano A, Mandrioli M, Van Tongeren E, Bortolotti CA, Cossarizza A, Pinti M. The biology of Lonp1: More than a mitochondrial protease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 354:1-61. [PMID: 32475470 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Initially discovered as a protease responsible for degradation of misfolded or damaged proteins, the mitochondrial Lon protease (Lonp1) turned out to be a multifaceted enzyme, that displays at least three different functions (proteolysis, chaperone activity, binding of mtDNA) and that finely regulates several cellular processes, within and without mitochondria. Indeed, LONP1 in humans is ubiquitously expressed, and is involved in regulation of response to oxidative stress and, heat shock, in the maintenance of mtDNA, in the regulation of mitophagy. Furthermore, its proteolytic activity can regulate several biochemical pathways occurring totally or partially within mitochondria, such as TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, steroid and heme biosynthesis and glutamine production. Because of these multiple activities, Lon protease is highly conserved throughout evolution, and mutations occurring in its gene determines severe diseases in humans, including a rare syndrome characterized by Cerebral, Ocular, Dental, Auricular and Skeletal anomalies (CODAS). Finally, alterations of LONP1 regulation in humans can favor tumor progression and aggressiveness, further highlighting the crucial role of this enzyme in mitochondrial and cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Gibellini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Anna De Gaetano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Mauro Mandrioli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elia Van Tongeren
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marcello Pinti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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Venkatesh S, Suzuki CK. Cell stress management by the mitochondrial LonP1 protease - Insights into mitigating developmental, oncogenic and cardiac stress. Mitochondrion 2019; 51:46-61. [PMID: 31756517 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial LonP1 is an essential stress response protease that mediates mitochondrial proteostasis, metabolism and bioenergetics. Homozygous and compound heterozygous variants in the LONP1 gene encoding the LonP1 protease have recently been shown to cause a diverse spectrum of human pathologies, ranging from classical mitochondrial disease phenotypes, profound neurologic impairment and multi-organ dysfunctions, some of which are uncommon to mitochondrial disorders. In this review, we focus primarily on human LonP1 and discuss findings, which demonstrate its multidimensional roles in maintaining mitochondrial proteostasis and adapting cells to metabolic flux and stress during normal physiology and disease processes. We also discuss emerging roles of LonP1 in responding to developmental, oncogenic and cardiac stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundararajan Venkatesh
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School - Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
| | - Carolyn K Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School - Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
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Alfadhel M, Nashabat M, Abu Ali Q, Hundallah K. Mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis from molecular understanding to clinical disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 22:4-13. [PMID: 28064324 PMCID: PMC5726836 DOI: 10.17712/nsj.2017.1.20160542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Iron–sulfur clusters (ISCs) are known to play a major role in various protein functions. Located in the mitochondria, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum and nucleus, they contribute to various core cellular functions. Until recently, only a few human diseases related to mitochondrial ISC biogenesis defects have been described. Such diseases include Friedreich ataxia, combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 19, infantile complex II/III deficiency defect, hereditary myopathy with lactic acidosis and mitochondrial muscle myopathy, lipoic acid biosynthesis defects, multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndromes and non ketotic hyperglycinemia due to glutaredoxin 5 gene defect. Disorders of mitochondrial import, export and translation, including sideroblastic anemia with ataxia, EVEN-PLUS syndrome and mitochondrial complex I deficiency due to nucleotide-binding protein-like protein gene defect, have also been implicated in ISC biogenesis defects. With advances in next generation sequencing technologies, more disorders related to ISC biogenesis defects are expected to be elucidated. In this article, we aim to shed the light on mitochondrial ISC biogenesis, related proteins and their function, pathophysiology, clinical phenotypes of related disorders, diagnostic approach, and future implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Alfadhel
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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11
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Nimmo GAM, Venkatesh S, Pandey AK, Marshall CR, Hazrati LN, Blaser S, Ahmed S, Cameron J, Singh K, Ray PN, Suzuki CK, Yoon G. Bi-allelic mutations of LONP1 encoding the mitochondrial LonP1 protease cause pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency and profound neurodegeneration with progressive cerebellar atrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:290-306. [PMID: 30304514 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
LonP1 is crucial for maintaining mitochondrial proteostasis and mitigating cell stress. We identified a novel homozygous missense LONP1 variant, c.2282 C > T, (p.Pro761Leu), by whole-exome and Sanger sequencing in two siblings born to healthy consanguineous parents. Both siblings presented with stepwise regression during infancy, profound hypotonia and muscle weakness, severe intellectual disability and progressive cerebellar atrophy on brain imaging. Muscle biopsy revealed the absence of ragged-red fibers, however, scattered cytochrome c oxidase-negative staining and electron dense mitochondrial inclusions were observed. Primary cultured fibroblasts from the siblings showed normal levels of mtDNA and mitochondrial transcripts, and normal activities of oxidative phosphorylation complexes I through V. Interestingly, fibroblasts of both siblings showed glucose-repressed oxygen consumption compared to their mother, whereas galactose and palmitic acid utilization were similar. Notably, the siblings' fibroblasts had reduced pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity and elevated intracellular lactate:pyruvate ratios, whereas plasma ratios were normal. We demonstrated that in the siblings' fibroblasts, PDH dysfunction was caused by increased levels of the phosphorylated E1α subunit of PDH, which inhibits enzyme activity. Blocking E1α phosphorylation activated PDH and reduced intracellular lactate concentrations. In addition, overexpressing wild-type LonP1 in the siblings' fibroblasts down-regulated phosphoE1α. Furthermore, in vitro studies demonstrated that purified LonP1-P761L failed to degrade phosphorylated E1α, in contrast to wild-type LonP1. We propose a novel mechanism whereby homozygous expression of the LonP1-P761L variant leads to PDH deficiency and energy metabolism dysfunction, which promotes severe neurologic impairment and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme A M Nimmo
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sundararajan Venkatesh
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Ashutosh K Pandey
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Christian R Marshall
- Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lili-Naz Hazrati
- Division of Neuropathology, The Hospital for Sick Children, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan Blaser
- Division of Paediatric Neuroradiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sohnee Ahmed
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessie Cameron
- Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kamalendra Singh
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Christopher Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE Sweden
| | - Peter N Ray
- Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carolyn K Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Grace Yoon
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Yoo SD, Han YR, Kim DH, Lee SA. Five-year follow-up outcomes of comprehensive rehabilitation in Korean siblings with cerebral, ocular, dental, auricular, skeletal anomalies (CODAS) syndrome: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15908. [PMID: 31169704 PMCID: PMC6571205 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Cerebral, ocular, dental, auricular, skeletal anomalies (CODAS) syndrome is a very rare multisystem disorder, which shows malformations of the central nervous system, ears, eyes, teeth, and skeleton that was first reported in 1991. Only a few cases that sporadically occurred have been reported worldwide. The research investigating the pathogenesis and patterns of CODAS inheritance is still ongoing. There is no satisfactory treatment for this rare genetic disease yet. Due to the lack of curative medical treatment, rehabilitation could play a major role in treatment for genetic disease. PATIENT CONCERNS To our best knowledge, the 2 children described in this study are the only CODAS syndromes siblings reported in the world so far. These Korean siblings show highly distinctive features consisting of developmental delay, cataracts, vulnerability to tooth decay, epiphyseal dysplasia, and anomalous ears. DIAGNOSES CODAS syndrome. INTERVENTIONS Comprehensive long-term rehabilitation treatment during 5 years. OUTCOMES We report on the progress of the comprehensive long-term rehabilitation treatment at 5-year follow-up. Their fine motor and language skills development improved similarly to that of same-aged children. We observed the positive effect of rehabilitation on the quality of life. LESSONS The therapy of genetic disorders is challenging for pediatric neurologists and pediatric physiatrists. We suggest that rehabilitation is the best treatment currently available for this genetic disease that yields satisfactory therapeutic effect.
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13
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Clinical features of LONP1-related infantile cataract. J AAPOS 2018; 22:229-231. [PMID: 29408517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Biallelic mutations in the nuclear gene LONP1 (LON peptidase 1, mitochondrial) cause CODAS syndrome (cerebral, ocular, dental, auricular, and skeletal anomalies), a systemic disease that can include infantile cataract. However, we have found that biallelic mutations in the gene can also underlie infantile cataract in the setting of minimal or no apparent extraocular findings. This report highlights our clinical experience with children referred for the management of infantile cataract who were found to harbor biallelic LONP1 gene mutations. Ptosis, external ear abnormalities, and joint abnormalities were accompanying findings and thus should raise suspicion for mutations in the gene when one or more are present in children with infantile cataract.
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14
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Bota DA, Davies KJA. Mitochondrial Lon protease in human disease and aging: Including an etiologic classification of Lon-related diseases and disorders. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 100:188-198. [PMID: 27387767 PMCID: PMC5183306 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Mitochondrial Lon protease, also called LonP1 is a product of the nuclear gene LONP1. Lon is a major regulator of mitochondrial metabolism and response to free radical damage, as well as an essential factor for the maintenance and repair of mitochondrial DNA. Lon is an ATP-stimulated protease that cycles between being bound (at the inner surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane) to the mitochondrial genome, and being released into the mitochondrial matrix where it can degrade matrix proteins. At least three different roles or functions have been ascribed to Lon: 1) Proteolytic digestion of oxidized proteins and the turnover of specific essential mitochondrial enzymes such as aconitase, TFAM, and StAR; 2) Mitochondrial (mt)DNA-binding protein, involved in mtDNA replication and mitogenesis; and 3) Protein chaperone, interacting with the Hsp60-mtHsp70 complex. LONP1 orthologs have been studied in bacteria, yeast, flies, worms, and mammals, evincing the widespread importance of the gene, as well as its remarkable evolutionary conservation. In recent years, we have witnessed a significant increase in knowledge regarding Lon's involvement in physiological functions, as well as in an expanding array of human disorders, including cancer, neurodegeneration, heart disease, and stroke. In addition, Lon appears to have a significant role in the aging process. A number of mitochondrial diseases have now been identified whose mechanisms involve various degrees of Lon dysfunction. In this paper we review current knowledge of Lon's function, under normal conditions, and we propose a new classification of human diseases characterized by a either over-expression or decline or loss of function of Lon. Lon has also been implicated in human aging, and we review the data currently available as well as speculating about possible interactions of aging and disease. Finally, we also discuss Lon as potential therapeutic target in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela A Bota
- Department of Neurology and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Irvine School of Medicine, 200 S. Manchester Ave., Suite 206, Orange, CA 92868, USA.
| | - Kelvin J A Davies
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA; Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, & Sciences, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
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15
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Dikoglu E, Alfaiz A, Gorna M, Bertola D, Chae JH, Cho TJ, Derbent M, Alanay Y, Guran T, Kim OH, Llerenar JC, Yamamoto G, Superti-Furga G, Reymond A, Xenarios I, Stevenson B, Campos-Xavier B, Bonafé L, Superti-Furga A, Unger S. Mutations in LONP1, a mitochondrial matrix protease, cause CODAS syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167:1501-9. [PMID: 25808063 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral, ocular, dental, auricular, skeletal anomalies (CODAS) syndrome (MIM 600373) was first described and named by Shehib et al, in 1991 in a single patient. The anomalies referred to in the acronym are as follows: cerebral-developmental delay, ocular-cataracts, dental-aberrant cusp morphology and delayed eruption, auricular-malformations of the external ear, and skeletal-spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia. This distinctive constellation of anatomical findings should allow easy recognition but despite this only four apparently sporadic patients have been reported in the last 20 years indicating that the full phenotype is indeed very rare with perhaps milder or a typical presentations that are allelic but without sufficient phenotypic resemblance to permit clinical diagnosis. We performed exome sequencing in three patients (an isolated case and a brother and sister sib pair) with classical features of CODAS. Sanger sequencing was used to confirm results as well as for mutation discovery in a further four unrelated patients ascertained via their skeletal features. Compound heterozygous or homozygous mutations in LONP1 were found in all (8 separate mutations; 6 missense, 1 nonsense, 1 small in-frame deletion) thus establishing the genetic basis of CODAS and the pattern of inheritance (autosomal recessive). LONP1 encodes an enzyme of bacterial ancestry that participates in protein turnover within the mitochondrial matrix. The mutations cluster at the ATP-binding and proteolytic domains of the enzyme. Biallelic inheritance and clustering of mutations confirm dysfunction of LONP1 activity as the molecular basis of CODAS but the pathogenesis remains to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Dikoglu
- Centre des Maladies Moléculaires CHUV, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ali Alfaiz
- Center for Integrative Genomics (CIG), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maria Gorna
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Deborah Bertola
- Genetics Unit, Instituto da Criança, HC/FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jong Hee Chae
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National Univ Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Joon Cho
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National Univ Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Murat Derbent
- Pediatric Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Alanay
- Pediatric Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Acibadem University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tulay Guran
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ok-Hwa Kim
- Radiology, Woorisoa Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juan C Llerenar
- Centro de Genética Médica, Instituto Fernandes Fugueira/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandre Reymond
- Center for Integrative Genomics (CIG), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Luisa Bonafé
- Centre des Maladies Moléculaires CHUV, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Sheila Unger
- Medical Genetics Service, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
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16
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Strauss KA, Jinks RN, Puffenberger EG, Venkatesh S, Singh K, Cheng I, Mikita N, Thilagavathi J, Lee J, Sarafianos S, Benkert A, Koehler A, Zhu A, Trovillion V, McGlincy M, Morlet T, Deardorff M, Innes AM, Prasad C, Chudley AE, Lee INW, Suzuki CK. CODAS syndrome is associated with mutations of LONP1, encoding mitochondrial AAA+ Lon protease. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 96:121-35. [PMID: 25574826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
CODAS syndrome is a multi-system developmental disorder characterized by cerebral, ocular, dental, auricular, and skeletal anomalies. Using whole-exome and Sanger sequencing, we identified four LONP1 mutations inherited as homozygous or compound-heterozygous combinations among ten individuals with CODAS syndrome. The individuals come from three different ancestral backgrounds (Amish-Swiss from United States, n = 8; Mennonite-German from Canada, n = 1; mixed European from Canada, n = 1). LONP1 encodes Lon protease, a homohexameric enzyme that mediates protein quality control, respiratory-complex assembly, gene expression, and stress responses in mitochondria. All four pathogenic amino acid substitutions cluster within the AAA(+) domain at residues near the ATP-binding pocket. In biochemical assays, pathogenic Lon proteins show substrate-specific defects in ATP-dependent proteolysis. When expressed recombinantly in cells, all altered Lon proteins localize to mitochondria. The Old Order Amish Lon variant (LONP1 c.2161C>G[p.Arg721Gly]) homo-oligomerizes poorly in vitro. Lymphoblastoid cell lines generated from affected children have (1) swollen mitochondria with electron-dense inclusions and abnormal inner-membrane morphology; (2) aggregated MT-CO2, the mtDNA-encoded subunit II of cytochrome c oxidase; and (3) reduced spare respiratory capacity, leading to impaired mitochondrial proteostasis and function. CODAS syndrome is a distinct, autosomal-recessive, developmental disorder associated with dysfunction of the mitochondrial Lon protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Strauss
- Clinic for Special Children, Strasburg, PA 17579, USA; Lancaster General Hospital, Lancaster, PA 17602, USA; Department of Biology and Biological Foundations of Behavior Program, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17603, USA.
| | - Robert N Jinks
- Department of Biology and Biological Foundations of Behavior Program, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17603, USA
| | - Erik G Puffenberger
- Clinic for Special Children, Strasburg, PA 17579, USA; Department of Biology and Biological Foundations of Behavior Program, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17603, USA
| | - Sundararajan Venkatesh
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Kamalendra Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Christopher Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Iteen Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Natalie Mikita
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jayapalraja Thilagavathi
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Jae Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Stefan Sarafianos
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Christopher Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Abigail Benkert
- Clinic for Special Children, Strasburg, PA 17579, USA; Department of Biology and Biological Foundations of Behavior Program, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17603, USA
| | - Alanna Koehler
- Department of Biology and Biological Foundations of Behavior Program, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17603, USA
| | - Anni Zhu
- Department of Biology and Biological Foundations of Behavior Program, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17603, USA
| | - Victoria Trovillion
- Department of Biology and Biological Foundations of Behavior Program, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17603, USA
| | - Madeleine McGlincy
- Department of Biology and Biological Foundations of Behavior Program, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17603, USA
| | - Thierry Morlet
- Auditory Physiology and Psychoacoustics Research Laboratory, duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Matthew Deardorff
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - A Micheil Innes
- Department of Medical Genetics and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Chitra Prasad
- Medical Genetics Program, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Health Research Institute and Western University, London, ON N6C 2V5, Canada
| | - Albert E Chudley
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1S1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1S1, Canada
| | - Irene Nga Wing Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Carolyn K Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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17
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Marlin S, Ducou Le Pointe H, Le Merrer M, Portnoi MF, Chantot S, Jonard L, Mantel-Guiochon A, Siffroi JP, Garabedian EN, Denoyelle F. Fourth case of cerebral, ocular, dental, auricular, skeletal syndrome (CODAS), description of new features and molecular analysis. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 152A:1510-4. [PMID: 20503327 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral, ocular, dental, auricular, skeletal syndrome (CODAS, OMIM 600373) is a very rare congenital malformation syndrome. This clinical entity is highly distinctive and associates mental retardation, cataract, enamel abnormalities, malformations of the helix, epiphyseal and vertebral malformations, and characteristic dysmorphic features. Since 1991, only three affected children have been reported. The etiology and pattern of inheritance of CODAS syndrome still remain unknown. We describe a new sporadic case presenting with all the characteristic features of CODAS syndrome associated with previously unreported malformations of the heart, larynx, and liver. All investigations such as karyotype, metabolic screening and array CGH were normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Marlin
- Service de Génétique, Hôpital Trousseau, APHP, Paris, France.
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18
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Orton NC, Innes AM, Chudley AE, Bech-Hansen NT. Unique disease heritage of the Dutch-German Mennonite population. Am J Med Genet A 2008; 146A:1072-87. [PMID: 18348259 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Dutch-German Mennonites are a religious isolate with foundational roots in the 16th century. A tradition of endogamy, large families, detailed genealogical records, and a unique disease history all contribute to making this a valuable population for genetic studies. Such studies in the Dutch-German Mennonite population have already contributed to the identification of the causative genes in several conditions such as the incomplete form of X-linked congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB2; previously iCSNB) and hypophosphatasia (HOPS), as well as the discovery of founder mutations within established disease genes (MYBPC1, CYP17alpha). The Dutch-German Mennonite population provides a strong resource for gene discovery and could lead to the identification of additional disease genes with relevance to the general population. In addition, further research developments should enhance delivery of clinical genetic services to this unique community. In the current review we discuss 31 genetic conditions, including 17 with identified gene mutations, within the Dutch-German Mennonite population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelle C Orton
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Maternal and Child Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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19
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Stevenson RE, Brasington CK, Skinner C, Simensen RJ, Spence JE, Kesler S, Reiss AL, Schwartz CE. Craniofacioskeletal syndrome: an X-linked dominant disorder with early lethality in males. Am J Med Genet A 2008; 143A:2321-9. [PMID: 17853486 PMCID: PMC3061623 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A syndrome with multisystem manifestations has been observed in three generations of a Caucasian family. The findings in seven females provide a composite clinical picture of microcephaly, short stature, small retroverted ears, full tip of the nose overhanging the columella, short philtrum, thin upper lip, soft tissue excrescences at the angle of the mouth, small mandible, small hands and feet with brachydactyly, finger V clinodactyly, flat feet, an excessive number of fingerprint arches, and mild impairment of cognitive function. Two males were more severely affected and died in the initial months of life. They showed intrauterine growth retardation, broad cranium with wide sutures and fontanelles, cardiac defects, small hands and feet with abnormal digital creases and small nails, and genital abnormalities. The affected males had low serum calcium in the neonatal period. Serum calcium, phosphorous, and parathormone levels in the females were normal. Radiographs showed cortical thickening of the long bones, underdevelopment of the frontal sinuses, narrow pelvis and hypoplasia of the middle phalanx of finger five. MRI of the brain showed slightly reduced brain volumes and an extra gyrus of the superior temporal region. X-inactivation studies showed near complete skewing in two affected females, but were not informative in three others. X-linkage as the mode of inheritance is proposed on the basis of different severity in males/females, complete skewing of X-inactivation in informative females, and a lod score (1.5) suggestive of linkage to markers in Xq26-q27.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger E Stevenson
- Greenwood Genetic Center, J.C. Self Research Institute of Human Genetics, Greenwood, South Carolina 29646, USA.
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20
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Innes AM, Chudley AE, Reed MH, Shuckett EP, Hildes-Ripstein GE, Greenberg CR. Third case of cerebral, ocular, dental, auricular, skeletal anomalies (CODAS) syndrome, further delineating a new malformation syndrome: first report of an affected male and review of literature. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2001; 102:44-7. [PMID: 11471171 DOI: 10.1002/1096-8628(20010722)102:1<44::aid-ajmg1410>3.0.co;2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CODAS syndrome (MIM# 600373) is a rare multiple congenital anomalies syndrome. The disorder is highly distinctive with characteristic features consisting of developmental delay, cataracts, unusual enamel projections, overfolded and crumpled ears, epiphyseal dysplasia, and dysmorphic features (grooved nose, ptosis). To date, there have been two affected female children reported. The first was a Canadian girl of Mennonite descent, reported by our group, and the second was a girl from Brazil. The etiology and pattern of inheritance of CODAS is unknown. Herein we report a third affected child, a Canadian male infant of Mennonite ancestry. The child, now two years old, exhibits ptosis, cataracts, overfolded ears, grooved nasal tip, dental projections, developmental delay, and characteristic skeletal anomalies. The findings are characteristic for CODAS syndrome. All investigations including karyotype, metabolic screening, peroxisomal studies, and studies of cholesterol biosynthesis were normal. The underlying defect responsible for CODAS syndrome remains unknown. Many of the features suggest a possible underlying collagen gene defect. The fact that this child is the second child from the Manitoba Mennonite community, a genetic isolate, suggests the possibility of autosomal recessive inheritance. To date, there has not been a familial recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Innes
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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21
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Mégarbané A. A new familial syndrome with facial abnormalities, abnormal EEG, and mental retardation. Clin Dysmorphol 2001; 10:129-33. [PMID: 11310993 DOI: 10.1097/00019605-200104000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Two sisters are reported with up-slanting palpebral fissures, hypertelorism, ptosis, a broad, bifid nasal tip, a high-arched palate, mental retardation, abnormal EEG and hand malformations in one of the patients. The girls' parents originate from the same village. Although the findings resemble the recently defined neurofaciodigitorenal syndrome, some findings suggest that this is a newly recognized syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mégarbané
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cytogénétique, Faculté de Médecine, Université Saint-Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon.
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22
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de Almeida JC, Vargas FR, Barbosa-Neto JG, Llerena JC. CODAS syndrome: a new distinct MCA/MR syndrome with radiological changes of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia. Another case report. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1995; 55:19-20. [PMID: 7702089 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320550107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We report on a young girl with psychomotor delay, cataracts, abnormally shaped teeth, malformed ears, and radiological findings of spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia. The clinical picture resembles the CODAS syndrome described by Shebib et al. [Am J Med Genet 40: 88-93, 1991].
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Affiliation(s)
- J C de Almeida
- Unidade de Citogenética Humana, Instituto de Biofísica CCFO, UFRJ, Brazil
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23
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Kaler SG, Garrity AM, Stern HJ, Rosenbaum KN, Orrison BM, Marini JC, Bernardini I, Saal HM. New autosomal recessive syndrome of sparse hair, osteopenia, and mental retardation in Mennonite sisters. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1992; 43:983-8. [PMID: 1415349 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320430615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We report on 2 Mennonite sisters with a syndrome of sparse hair, osteopenia, mental retardation, minor facial abnormalities, joint laxity, and hypotonia. Their asymptomatic consanguineous parents (inbreeding coefficient F = 1/64) have 6 other offspring, 3 of whom died in infancy of type II osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), and 3 of whom are normal. We analyzed collagens synthesized by cultured fibroblasts from these 2 sisters and their parents and detected no major abnormalities. Results of chromosomal and metabolic evaluations including amino acid analysis of plasma, urine, and hair were unremarkable. A literature search and survey of a computerized syndrome identification database did not disclose an identical phenotype. The sisters bear superficial resemblance to several known syndromes which we excluded on clinical and/or biochemical grounds. We conclude that they represent a new autosomal recessive syndrome, distinct from type II OI and perhaps unique to the Mennonite population or to this particular family.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Kaler
- Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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